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Home , Bibliography, E Pluribus Wiggum

Turabian Style The Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, 7th , by Kate Turabian

This is a general guide to the Turabian notes-bibliography style of citation, used most often by the History and Music Departments. It is intended to help you understand the kind of information you should be keeping track of as you research and to help you begin to create you bibliography. There are a number of other rules, suggestions, and allowances for creating your bibliography. Please consult the Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th ed., which is located behind the Circulation Desk at the West . You can also ask one of the librarians ([email protected]) or your professor if you have any questions or need help.

Preparing your (Turabian: 17.1) Footnote:  Give the author’s name as it appears on the .  List the complete title, including subtitle, italicized.  Include the city of publication, the state of publication (if published in the US and the state isn’t obvious or mentioned in the publisher’s name), name of publisher (eliminate abbreviations such as Co. or Ltd.), and year of publication. All information should be given as it appears on the title page.  Include the pages referenced. 1. Philipp Ziesche, Cosmopolitan Patriots: Americans in Paris in the Age of Revolution, (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010), 105-8.

Bibliography: Ziesche, Philipp. Cosmopolitan Patriots: Americans in Paris in the Age of Revolution. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.

See the Turabian guide ( 17.5) for special situations or specific types of .

A Work with Two Authors Footnote:

2. Robert W. Bennett and Lawrence B. Solum, Constitutional Originalism: A Debate, (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2011), 195.

Bibliography:

Bennett, Robert W. and Lawrence B. Solum. Constitutional Originalism: A Debate. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2011. This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.

Journal Articles (17.2) Note: Journals and magazines are cited differently. If an article has a bibliography, it is probably a journal article.

Footnote:  Include the author’s name followed by the title of the article in quotes. The title of the journal is italicized.  Include the of the journal and, if it is provided, the issue number, proceeded by no.  Include the publication date as it is given in the journal in parentheses.  Include the page referenced. 3. Eran Shalev, “’A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775-1788,” New England Quarterly 82, no.2 (June 2009): 246.

Bibliography:  Include the pages the journal appears on within the journal. Shalev, Eren. “’A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775-1788.” New England Quarterly 82, no.2 (June 2009): 235-63.

Journal accessed from an online database (17.2.7)  For articles retrieved from a database (such as JSTOR), include the URL and date accessed for both the bibliography and footnote.  Remove the hyperlink by right clicking on the URL within your document and selecting “Remove hyperlink.” Footnote: 4. Eran Shalev, “’A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775-1788,” New England Quarterly 82, no.2 (June 2009): 246, http://ezproxy.txwes.edu:2058/ehost/detail?hid=104&sid=12952d93-8fca-45fa-8a95- 6f81575554e4%40sessionmgr113&vid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=43 632439 (accessed March 10, 2011).

Bibliography: Shalev, Eren. “’A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775-1788.” New England Quarterly 82, no.2 (June 2009): 235-63. http://ezproxy.txwes.edu:2058/ehost/detail?hid=104&sid=12952d93-8fca-45fa-8a95- 6f81575554e4%40sessionmgr113&vid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d# db=a9h&AN=43632439 (accessed March 10, 2011).

This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.

Magazine Articles (17.3) Footnote:  Do not include volume or issue number, even if provided. 5. Evarts B. Greene, “American Documents,” The Nation, June 4, 1924, 660.

Bibliography:  You do not need to include page numbers in the bibliography for magazine articles. Greene, Evarts B.“American Documents.” The Nation, June 4, 1924.

Newspaper Articles (17.4) Articles cited from a daily newspaper are cited only in the notes section, though you may include it if the article is important to your argument or if you cite it frequently.

Footnote: 6. Jeffrey Rosen, “If Scalia Had His Way,” New York Times, January 9, 2011.

For special article types, such as letters to the editor, consult the Turabian guide.

Interview Interviews and personal communication are cited only in the footnotes; they are not included in the bibliography.

Footnote: 7. Kate Wiant, interviewed by author, Fort Worth, TX, March 21, 2011.

Web Sites (Turabian, 17.7.1)  Include as many of the following elements as you can find: author, title of the page, title or owner of the site, URL, and access date.

Footnote: 8. Congressional Research Service, “CRS Annotated Constitution,” Cornell University Law School, http://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/index.html (accessed March 21, 2011).

Bibliography: Congressional Research Service. “CRS Annotated Constitution.” Cornell University Law School. http://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/index.html (accessed March 21, 2011).

This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.

Public Documents (Government Documents) (17.9)  Include as many of the following elements as possible in your citation: the name of the government and government body, the title of the document, the name of the individual author, report number, publication information, page numbers.

Footnote: 9. House Committee on the Judiciary, The Constitution and the Line Item Veto: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution, 109th Cong., 2nd sess., 2006, 28.

Bibliography: US Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. The Constitution and the Line Item Veto: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution. 109th Cong., 2nd sess., April 27, 2006.

Online Public Document  In addition to standard bibliographic information, add the URL and date accessed.

Footnote: 10. House Committee on the Judiciary, The Constitution and the Line Item Veto: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution, 109th Cong., 2nd sess., 2006, 28, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg27223/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg27223.pdf (accessed March 10, 2011).

Bibliography: US Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. The Constitution and the Line Item Veto: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution. 109th Cong., 2nd sess., April 27, 2006. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg27223/pdf/CHRG- 109hhrg27223.pdf (accessed March 10, 2011).

Visual Sources (17.8.1)

 Paintings, sculptures, photographs and other artwork in notes only.  Cite the artist’s name, title of the artwork, date of its creation, and name of the institution that houses the work. Titles of paintings and sculpture are in italics; titles of photographs are in quotes.

Footnote: 11. Howard Chandler Christy, Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the , 1940, House of Representatives, Washington, DC.

This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.

12. Paul Juley, “Howard Chandler Christy at Work in His Studio with Model, ” ca. 1940, Smithsonian Art Museum, Washington, DC.

Broadcast Sources (Radio or Television)  Broadcast sources are only cited as notes. Include the title of the program, the date on which you viewed or listened to it, episode information (if available), and the date of original broadcast (if different from the date viewed).

Footnote: 13. , “E Pluribus Wiggum,” Season 19, Episode 10, March 5, 2011 (originally aired January 6, 2008).

Online Media Source:  Because online media sources have stable bibliographic information, include a note and bibliography entry.

Footnote:  In addition to the standard bibliographic information, include the following: the title of the online site, the type of file, the time at which the cited material appears in the file (if applicable), the URL, and the accessed date. 14. Roy Zimmerman, “Second Amendment Sing Along,” YouTube, Adobe Flash Video file, 0:45, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuNEq7gHqF8 (accessed March 10, 2011).

15. Thomas T. Waterman, “Detail of Pier Cap Habs, DC, Wash, 1A-9,” 1938, American Memory, JPEG file, http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0300/dc0374/photos/027174pv.jpg (accessed March 10, 2011).

Bibliography: Zimmerman, Roy. “Second Amendment Sing Along.” YouTube, Adobe Flash Video file. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuNEq7gHqF8 (accessed March 10, 2011).

Waterman, Thomas T. “Detail of Pier Cap Habs, DC, Wash, 1A-9.” 1938. American Memory. JPEG file. http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0300/dc0374/photos/027174pv.jpg (accessed March 10, 2011).

This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.

Internal Citations  There are several reasons to include a citation in your paper. These include both direct quotes and references to information found within your sources. You cite your sources as footnotes. Number each citation consecutively, using only one number per note. You may include more than one source in a single note. Put the number after a quotation mark or period.  To insert a footnote, click the section of your paper where you want to insert your number, then hit Alt+Ctrl+F.  Footnotes should be listed using single spacing, with an extra space between each note.  Tab the footnote as you would a paragraph (first line tab, second line flush with margin).

Preparing your Bibliography  A bibliography should be a list of each source you cited within your notes (unless otherwise noted), listed alphabetically by author.  Use a hanging indent to separate citations clearly. The first line of each entry is flush with the margin. Following lines are indented. You can do this in Microsoft Word by highlighting your works cited page, going to Format, Paragraph, then selecting “Hanging” from the list of Special Indentations.  Single space the bibliography, placing an extra space between entries.

Formatting your paper Paper formatting is discussed in the Appendix of the Turabian Manual.

This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.

Final Bibliography

Bibliography

Congressional Research Service. “CRS Annotated Constitution.” Cornell University Law School. http://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/index.html (accessed March 21, 2011).

Greene, Evarts B.“American Documents.” The Nation, June 4, 1924.

Shalev, Eren. “’A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775-1788.” New England Quarterly 82, no.2 (June 2009): 235-63.

------. “’A Perfect Republic’: The Mosaic Constitution in Revolutionary New England, 1775- 1788.” New England Quarterly 82, no.2 (June 2009): 235-63. http://ezproxy.txwes.edu:2058/ehost/detail?hid=104&sid=12952d93-8fca-45fa-8a95- 6f81575554e4%40sessionmgr113&vid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d# db=a9h&AN=43632439 (accessed March 10, 2011).

US Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. The Constitution and the Line Item Veto: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution. 109th Cong., 2nd sess., April 27, 2006.

------. The Constitution and the Line Item Veto: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution. 109th Cong., 2nd sess., April 27, 2006. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-109hhrg27223/pdf/CHRG-109hhrg27223.pdf (accessed March 10, 2011).

Waterman, Thomas T. “Detail of Pier Cap Habs, DC, Wash, 1A-9.” 1938. American Memory. JPEG file. http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/dc/dc0300/dc0374/photos/027174pv.jpg (accessed March 10, 2011).

Ziesche, Philipp. Cosmopolitan Patriots: Americans in Paris in the Age of Revolution. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2010.

Zimmerman, Roy. “Second Amendment Sing Along.” YouTube, Adobe Flash Video file. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuNEq7gHqF8 (accessed March 10, 2011).

This document was created by Kaeli Vandertulip for Texas Wesleyan University’s West Library. It was last updated 10/25/2011.