The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on Performance and the Stage Edited by Michael R

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-45375-2 - The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on Performance and the Stage Edited by Michael R. Booth, Joel H. Kaplan Index More information

Index

Page numbers in bold type refer to illustrations.

Abercrombie, Lascelles 29 theatre societies 133-5 Abrahams, Morris 215 women 62, 67, 137-40 actor-managers 157-8 Austin, Charles 69 actors Authors' Producing Society 170 and cinema 228-9 'autumn drama' 222-3, 22^» 233~~4 and critics 154, 155-6, 162-3 avant-garde movement 130—3 Jewish 205-6 Axelrad, Maurice 205 off-stage 144 Actresses' Franchise League (AFL) 104, Bailey, Peter x, 3-4, 36-55, 75, 79, 120, 170, 173, 192 121, 171 Adcock, A. St John 28 Balfour, Arthur, Earl 140 Adler, Jacob 205, 208-9 Bandmann-Palmer, Millicent 118 Ainley, Henry 144 bankers 112-14 Albert and Edmonds 96 Barker, Harley Granville see Granville Alexander, Sir George 139, 143, 144 Barker, Harley Allan, Maud 79 Barnes, Kenneth 187 Allen, Harry 96 Barrett, Wilson 162 Allen Theatres Company 122 Barrie, J. M. 12, 21, 22, 23-4, 25-7 Alving, Oswald 172 Baylis, Lilian 117, 118 Angyalfi, Arthur 94 Beatie, May 100 Antoine, Andre 134, 142 Beerbohm, Max 152, 161, 162 Archer, William 7, 148, 153, 155, 156-9, on Barrie 26 163 on musical comedy 44, 54 on musical comedy 3, 36, 47, 48, 53-4, on other critics 155, 156 55 on Christabel Pankhurst 186 on national theatre 20 on pantomime 25 on realism 16-18 Ben Hur 226-7 art 130-2 Bennett, Arnold 180, 189 Ashwell, Lena 118, 119, 126, 170 Benrhardt, Sarah 196, 228 audiences 6, 27-8, 130-46 Bensusan, Inez 170, 172 attendances 148-50 Beringer, Esme 108, 177 and avant-garde movement 130-3 Berman, Russell 131 and critics 154, 155, 157 Besant, Walter 201 dress of 137-40, 143-4, 2l2 Birkin, Andrew 25 intellectualization of 136-7, 140-2 Bjornson, B. M. 171 music hall 62, 67, 71-2 Black, Clementina 169 musical comedy 53-4 Boardman, W. H. 'Billy' 67 regulation of 145 Booth, Charles 201, 203-4, 216-17 Royal Court Vedrenne-Barker Booth, Michael R. x season 135-42 Borsa, Mario 19, 136, 140, 212-13

236

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-45375-2 - The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on Performance and the Stage Edited by Michael R. Booth, Joel H. Kaplan Index More information

Index 237 Boucicault, Dot 160 Clurman, Harold 133 Bourdon, Georges 28, 29 Cohen, Isaac 208 Bovill, C. H. 70 Cole, Herbert 166, 167 Bow Music Hall 216 Coleman, Nellie 102 Bradford 62, 66 Collins, Arthur 24, 226 Brahm, Otto 134, 142 Collins, Lottie 48-9 Braithwaite, Lilian 144 Colson, Percy 11 Bratton, J. S. x, 3, 4, 5, 78, 86-109 Comedy Theatre 180 Brecht, Bertolt 132, 146 Common Cause 168-9 Brieux, Eugene 171, 173 Companies Acts 120 Britannia Theatre, Hoxton 202, 204, 206, Conan,John E. 96 215, 217 Cons, Emma 115, 118, 119 Burger, Peter 131-2 Cooper, Daley 102 Burke, Kenneth 169 Court see Royal Court Theatre burlesque 37 Courtice, Thomas 124 Burnand, F. C. 137 Courtney, W. L. 161 Butler, Judith 5,91,108 Craig, Edith 170 Butt, Alfred 72-3 Craig, Edward Gordon 29, 132 Butt, Billie 87 Crauford Brothers 214-15 Crispi, Ida 70 Campbell, Herbert 24, 97 Critics' Circle 148, 163-4 Campbell, Mrs Patrick 188 critics and journalism 6-7, 148-64 Canada, male impersonators 91, 93 and audiences 154, 155, 157 Cannan, Gilbert 22 organizations 148 carnival 94—6 Critics' Circle 148, 163-4 Carter, Huntley 195 Society of Drama Critics 148, 150-63 Carton, R. C. 152, 160 critics omitted 161-2 Cash, Morny 76 role of 151, 153-61, 164 censorship 21 and suffrage movement 166-81 music hall sketches 69 West, Rebecca (q. v.) 185-98 and the suffrage movement 171 see other individuals by name and theatre societies 134-5 cross-dressing 5, 86—109 Chandler, Alfred 122, 123, 125 and dominant women 96-7, 101, 104 Chaplin, Charlie 70 female impersonators 96-9 Chart, Mrs Nye 117 and male chivalry 105-8 Chekhov, Anton 30, 192-3 male impersonators 86-95, Joo-2 Cheshire, David 104 and suffrage movement 104 Chevalier, Albert 76 Crump, Jeremy 65 chorus girls 3, 38-40 Cummings, Irving 233 Churchill, Sir Winston 180 Cunliffe, Whit 76, 80 cinema 127, 220, 227-9 Curzon, Frank 125 development of 221 economics of 8, 222, 234 Danby, Frank 97 melodrama 233-4 dance 72, 195-6 and music hall 67-8 music hall 78-9 musicals 3, 36 Dangerfield, George 185 and realism 222, 234 Dare, Cyrus 97 and stage actors 228-9 Dark, Sidney 148, 151-2, 159, 163 The Whip 8, 220-34 Davis, Jim x-xi, 3, 7-8, 201-17 and theatre 220-1 Davis, Tracy C. xi, 4, 5-6, n 1-27, 150 class Davison, Emily Wilding 169 matinee audiences 137, 138 Dawson, Marjorie 67 and musical comedy 44, 54 Denarber, Jeannette 79 clubs 113-14 de Selincourt, Hugh 173 theatre 133-5 Deslys, Gaby 72, 195-6

238 Index

Despard, Charlotte 168, 169 Emden, Harry 226, 227 Dietz, Toby 112 Emeljanow, Victor xi, 3, 6-7, 148-64, 169 Dillon, Charles 96 entrepreneurs, theatrical 116—17, 118, 122 Donohue, Joseph xi, 2-3, 9, 10-31 eroticism 15 Doughan, David 168 Ervine, St John 12-13 Drinkwater, A. E. 135 Euripides 141 Drury Lane 24, 25, 97, 222-3 European theatre 134, 142, 159, 160 Evans, Agnes 174 East, John 212 East End, London 7-8, 201-17 Faderman, Lillian 94, 108 Britannia Theatre 202, 204, 206, 215, Fairfield, Cicely see West, Rebecca 217 fantasy, in theatre 15, 23-7 demography 202-3 Farnum, William 229 melodrama 204, 208, 210-14 Farr, Florence 188 music hall 203-4, 215-17 Farren, Fred 70 Pavilion Theatre 202, 204, 205, 207-9, fashion, and musical comedy 37, 53 210, 217 Fawcett, Millicent Garrett 168 poverty myth 201-2 Fay brothers 13 Standard Theatre 202, 204, 207, 210-14, Feinman, Sigmund 205, 208 215-16, 217 Feldman & Company 68 theatres 202-3 female impersonators 96-9 Yiddish theatre 204, 205-10 Fern, Sable 100-1 East London Palace 209 Fillipi, Rosina 187 East London Theatre 202, 206 films see cinema Edward VII, King 9-10, 22, 140 firms, development of 122—3 Edwardes, George 3, 4, 37, 38, 39, 48, 52, Ford, Henry 96 J25 Foresters' Music Hall 216 Edwardian 'era' 1-2, 10-12, 150, 185-6 Formby, George, Sr 76, 77 Edwardian theatre 2-3, 12-31 Forster, E. M. 46 attendances 148-50 Forsyth, Lall 180 audiences 6, 130-46 Frame, W. F. 77 and avant-garde movement 130-3 The Freewoman 187, 197 and cinema: The Whip 8, 220-34 Freie Bhne 134 critics and journalism 6-7, 148-64 Frohman, Charles 23, 124 Rebecca West 185-98 Fyfe, Hamilton 148, 152, 163 and suffrage movement 166—81 development 12-14, 29, 132 Gaiety Girls 3, 39, 40 East End 7-8, 201-17 Gaiety Theatre 37-8 economics 222, 234 Galsworthy, John 12, 16, 19, 172, 189, 191 fantasy 15, 23-7 gambling 74 idealism 15, 19-20 Garber, Marjorie 91 leisure 16, 28-9 Gartner, Lloyd P. 210 management and organization 5-6, George V, King 4, 11, 66, 178 111-27 Gibbons, Walter 215-16 music hall 4-5, 61-82 Gilmer, Albert 124 cross-dressing 5, 86—109 'girls', musical comedy 3—4, 36—55 musical comedy 3, 36-8 and audiences 54 'girls' 3-4, 36-55 chorus girls 3, 38—40 Puritanism 15, 20-3 'knowingness' 48-9 realism 14-15, 16-19 and male characters 52 scenic design 226-7 'naughtiness' 45-8 Edwards-Minor, George 124-5 parasexuality 45-6 Effingham Theatre, Stepney 202, 206 prettiness 44~5 Elen, Gus 76 private lives 53 Ellis, Anthony 148, 152, 163, 205 public image 52-3, 54

Index 239

sex as commodity 50-2 Hroswitha of Gandersheim 170 shop girls 42-4 Huneker, James 22 working girls 40-5, 55 Hynes, Samuel 2, 11-12 Glover, Jimmy 226 Goldfaden, Abraham 208 Ibsen, Henrik 30, 157, 171-2, 187, 192 Gooch, G. B. n idealism, in theatre 15, 19-20 Gordin, Jacob 208 impresari 116-17, 118 Granville Barker, Harley Independent Theatre Society 134 Ann Leete 190 industry on Barrie 25, 26 firms 122-3 The Madras House 18, 172, 189-90 women in 117—18 on national theatre 20-1 Institute of Journalists 148, 152, 163-4 repertory enterprises 142-3, 144, 145 Ireland 29 Royal Court season 19, 29, 135-7, Irish National Theatre 19, 20 141-2, 150, 158 Irving, Ethel 118 and sex 22 Irving, Sir Henry 114, 124, 143, 150, 229 Shakespeare 174, 175-6 on theatrical art and audience 135-6, James, Henry 135 141-2, 145-6, 150 Jewish Operatic and Dramatic The Voysey Inheritance 18, 30, 172 Company 208-9 and Walkley 156 Jewish theatre 8, 204, 205-10 Waste 18, 23, 135 John, Gwen 188 West on 189-90, 193 Johnson, Jack 72 Gray, George 70 Jones, Henry Arthur 178 Green, Bruce 96 Jones, Marie 100 Grein, J. T. 7, 20, 134, 143, 148, 153, Jones, Sidney 37 159-60 Jones, Tom 96 Griffith, D. W. 229 journalism, theatre see critics and journalism Grossmith, George 70 Joyce, James 133 Grundy, Sidney 42 Kaplan, Joel H. x, 1-9 Hall, Owen 37 Karno, Fred 69-70, 71 Hamilton, Cicely 168, 170, 192 Kendall, Marie 80 Hamilton, Henry 8, 223, 226 Kennedy, Dennis xi, 3, 5, 6, 130-46, 176, Hankin, St John 21, 23 177 Hannah, Leslie 121 Kent, Christopher 150 Hardy, Dudley 53 Kenyon, Neil 77 Hardy, Thomas 197 Kessler-Harris, Alice 113 Harris, Augustus 24, 226 Kidd,John 173 Hawking, Stephen 174 King, Hetty 86, 91, 92, 93-4, 98 Hawtrey, Charles 125, 162-3 King, Walter 96 Heathcote, Ernest 96 Kingston, Gertrude 170 Heilbron family 125 Kingsway Theatre 143, 180 Hewson, James J. 208 Kitchen, Fred 70 Hibbert, H. G. 207 Knight, Joseph 150 Hicks, Seymour 47 Kuhn, Thomas 220 His Majesty's Theatre 178-80 Hobson, Florence 192 Lait, Mabel 102 holding companies 122 Landeck, Benjamin 208 Hollingshead, John 38, 115, 124, 151 Lander, George 214 Hollywood see cinema Lane, Sara 115, 117 Holmes, Marion 168 Langtry (de Bathe), Lillie 80 Horniman, Annie 118, 119, 126, 170, 173, Lasky, Jesse 228 175 Lauder, Sir Harry 74, 77 Housman, Laurence 174 Laurel, Stan 70

240 Index

Lauri, Edward 100 Melville, Walter and Frederick 210, 211, Leeds, Black Swan 68 212-14, 215 Leigh, J. H. 136 men leisure, and theatre 16, 28-9 chivalry 105-8 Leno, Dan 24, 97-8, 99, 203, 207 female impersonators 96-9 lesbianism 94, 108-9 in musical comedy 52 lessees, theatre 114-16, 117, 118 mergers 121 Lewisohn, Ludwig 197 Montague, C. E. 161-2 Lillburn, Charles 96 Moore, George 151 Limerick, Mona 175 Moore, Mary 126 limited liability companies 120 Moore, Thomas 11 Little Theatre 142-3 morality 15, 21 Littler family 125 and music hall 74-5 Littlewood, S. R. 148, 151, 163-4 Morrison, George 148, 152-3, 163 Llewelyn Davies, Arthur and Sylvia 27 Moscovitch, Maurice 210 Lloyd, Marie 47, 66, 67, 74 Moscow Art Theatre 134 Lloyd, Violet 54 Moss, Sir Edward 62, 71, 119, 125 Lodge, Sir Oliver 140 Moss Empires 121-2 London motion pictures see cinema demography 202-3 Moule, Fred 96 East End (q. v. ) 7-8, 201-17 Murray, Gilbert 141 suburban theatres 203 music hall 4-5, 61-82 theatres see by name acts 67 Lorraine, Violet 71 audiences: Lumire Brothers 227 and management 71-2 Lynch, James J. 28 women 62, 67 Lyttelton, Edith 173 and cinema 67-8 cross-dressing (q. v. ) 5, 86-109 MacCarthy, Desmond 22-3, 151, 161, dance 78-9 162 East End 203-4, 215-17 McCarthy, Lilian 142-3, 170, 177, 190 growth of 64-5 Mckee, Sam 93-4 licences for alcohol 62 McNab, Sandy 77 and morality 74-5 Macqueen-Pope, W. 1, 11, 143 organization and mergers 121-2 Maeterlinck, Maurice 30, 141 ragtime 68-9 Maitland, Sarah 93 and regionalism 75-8 male impersonators 86-95, 100-2 and respectability 65-6, 71-3 Maltby, H. F. 211, 214 sketches and revues 69-71 management, theatres 5-6, 111-27 and suffrage movement 79-80 organization of 119-25 syndication 63 women 6, 111-19, 126 Yiddish 209 managers, theatre 114-16, 117, 118, musical comedy 3, 36—8 124-5 and class 44, 54 Marcus, Jane 185, 198 films 3, 36 Marx, Karl 133 'girls' 3-4, 36-55 Masefield, John 141, 191 male characters 52 Masterman, C. F. 150 and suffrage critics 171 -2 matinee hats 137, 139-40 USA 38,55 matinees 136-41 music halls 67 national theatre, schemes for 19-21, 158-9 Mayer, David xi, 8, 220-34 National Union of Women's Suffrage Mayhew, Henry 206 Societies (NUWSS) 168 M'Carthy, Steve 96 Nesbit, Cathleen 190 melodrama 8, 204, 208, 210-14 Nevinson, Henry 173-4 see also Whip, The Nicoll, Allardyce 12-13

Index 241

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm 194-5 Robbins, Alfred 148, 152, 163 Northcott, Richard 148, 163 Roberts, Arthur 96 Robey, George 71 O'Farrell, Talbot 76 Robins, Elizabeth 23, 30 Old Vic Theatre 118 Robinson (William) Heath 68 O'Neill, James 228 Rodker, J. 210 Osborne, John 1, 10 Rose, Millicent 206 ownership, business 120-3 Ross, Adrian 52 Rothenstein, Alfred 190 Palmer, Charles 148, 153 Rowley, J. W. 75-6 Palmer, John 153 Royal Cambridge Music Hall 216 Pankhurst, Christabel 168, 169, 171, 185, Royal Court Theatre, Vedrenne-Barker 186 season 6, 19, 22, 29-30, 135-42, 151 Pankhurst, Emmeline 168, 185, 186 Royden, Maude 169 pantomime 24-5 Rubenstein, Harold 173 female impersonation 97-8 Russell, Dave xi, 3, 4-5, 61-82 parasexuality 45-6, 79 Russell, Mabel 54 Parker, John 148-9 Rutherford, Lois 70 Pavilion Theatre, Whitechapel 8, 202, 204, 205, 207-9, 210, 217 St James's Theatre 26-7, 143-4 Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline and St John, Christopher 170 Frederick 166-8, 169 Saker, Marie 117 Pinero, Sir Arthur Wing 17-18, 19, 26-7, Sandow, Eugene 73-4 50-2, 174, 188 Santley, Kate 115 Pioneer Players 170, 173, 192 Saunders, Madge 54 Play Actors 170-1 Savoy Theatre 138, 142, 143 playwrights scenic design 226-7 popularity 149—50 Scott, Clement 150, 151, 159, 164 women 30, 170 Seamen, Owen 148, 152, 153 Pleasants, Jack 76 'sensation drama' 223, 233-4 Poole, Ellen 117 sexuality 21-3 Porter, Edwin 229, 230 Shakespeare, William 30, 174-7, I9°~I postcards 53, 86, 87-8, 90, 92, 107 Shaw, Charlotte 136, 173 Preston, Theatre Royal 181 Shaw, George Bernard 12, 13-14, 22-3, Price, Frank 101 *55> i96 Price, Nancy 229 Androcles and the Lion 144—5, X9° programmes, theatre 142, 144-5 and audiences 136, 145 proprietors, theatre 115, 117 Major Barbara 140-1 prostitution 46-7 Press Cuttings 172-3 public companies 120 and Royal Court season 30, 140, 141 Puritanism, in theatre 15, 20-3 and suffrage critics 172—3 Three Plays for Puritans 15, 21-2 racial impersonation 89 and West 189, 190, 191 Rackham, Arthur 27 Shields, Ella 86, 100 ragtime 68-9 Shippey, Tom 26 Raleigh, Cecil 8, 223, 226 Shirley, Arthur 208, 226 Randall, Harry 97 shop girls 42-4 Ravensburg, Elaine 102 Simon family 125 Raymond, Henry 71-2 Sims, George R. 28, 208, 215 realism, in theatre 14-15, 16-19 Sisters Guest 101 Reasden, Rita 100 sketches, music hall 69-70 Reeve, Ada 54 and women's role 96-7 regionalism, and music hall 75-8 Smith, Bruce 'Sensation' 226-7 Reinhardt, Max 190 Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll 112 revues, music hall 70-1 Social Purity Alliance 23

242 Index

societies, theatre 133-5 transvestism see cross-dressing Society of Drama Critics 148, 150-63 Travis, Pauline 88 soldiers, and cross-dressing 100-1 Tree, Herbert Beerbohm 163, 229 Spence, E. F. 148, 153-4, 158, 160 Trewin, J. C. 1, 24, 28, 149 Spielberg, Steven 26 Tynan, Kenneth 36 Stage Society 134-5 Standard Theatre, Shoreditch 8, 202, 204, uniforms, and cross-dressing 100-2 207, 210-14, 215-16, 217 United States of America (USA): Stoker, Bram 114, 143 Ben Hur 226-7 Stokes, John xi-xii, 6, 7, 185-98 Hollywood musicals 3, 36 Stoll, Sir Oswald 62, 63-4, 72, 119 male impersonators 91, 93-4 Stowell, Sheila xii, 3, 6, 7, 166-81 musical comedy 38, 55 Strindberg, August 193-4 Theatrical Syndicate 124 strongmen acts 73-4 The Whip 223, 225 subsidy, for theatre 6, 134, 136, 158-9 suburban theatres 203 Vanbrugh, Irene 27 suffrage movement 185-6 Vanbrugh, John 16 demonstrations at theatres 177-81 Vane, Sutton 208 in drama 23 Vardac, A. N. 8, 221-2, 234 and music hall 79-80 Variety Artists' Federation 72 and music hall cross-dressing 104 variety theatre see music hall newspapers 166, 168-9, !^7 Veblen, Thorstein 137 and Rebecca West 186-7 Vedrenne, John 19, 29, 136, 142 and theatre criticism 7, 166-81 Vera, Maud 100 and musical comedy 171 -2 Vernon, Harriet 102 plays reviewed 169—71 Vestris, Eliza 112 and 'progressive' drama 172-3 Victoria, Vesta 67, 71, 74 and Shakespeare 174-7, I9I Victorian theatre 188, 220-1, 223 and suffrage agenda 169-70, 173-5 The Vote 168 and women's drama associations 173 Votes for Women 166, 168 Suffragette, The 166, 167, 168 Swanwick, Helena 169 Wade, Alan 134, 135 swordfighting 108 Walbrook, H. M. 149 Sykes, Charles 138 Walker, Monte 100 syndication, music halls 63, 119, 121, 124 Walkley, A. B. 7, 148, 151, 153, 155-6, Synge, John Millington 29 160-1, 163, 176 Wallace, Lew 226 Tate, Harry 69 Walsh, Maggie 76 Taylor, F. W. 40 Walshe, Christina 7, 188, 191, 192, 194, Tearle, Godfrey 144 198 theatre Ward, Genevive 118 Edwardian see Edwardian theatre Warner, Marina 187 European 134, 142, 159, 160 Waxman, M. D. 205 national 19-21, 158-9 Webb, Beatrice 22, 23, 140 Victorian 188, 220-1, 223 Webb, Sidney 140 Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 222 Webster, Ben 145 Thomas, F. Moy 148, 151, 163 Weldon, Harry 70 Thompson, Lydia 118 Wells, H. G. 189 Thornton Empires 121 Wentworth, Bessie 89, 90, 98 Tiller, John 40 West, Rebecca 7, 186-98 Tiller Girls 40 acting 187, 192 Tilley, Vesta 86, 98, 100, 102, 106, 107 on Bernhardt 196 Titterton, W. R. 63, 195 on Chekhov 192-3 Tourneur, Maurice 8, 223-5, 229~33> 234 on Deslys 195-6 Tracy, Louie 100 and Galsworthy 189, 191

Index 243 on Granville Barker 189—90 and finance 112-13 on Ibsen 192 in industry 117-18 on Nietzsche 194-5 lesbianism 94, 108-9 and nineties theatre 188 male impersonators 86-95, 100-2 nom-de-plume 187, 197-8 matinee audiences 137—40 on Shakespeare 191 in melodramas 213—14 and Shaw 189, 190, 191 and music hall: on Strindberg 193-4 in audiences 62, 67 and suffrage drama 191-2 lampooned 96-7, 101, 104 Whelen, Frederick 135 performers 78-9 Whip, The 8, 222, 223-34 playwrights 30, 170 film adaptation 229-33 theatre managers 6, 111-19, 126, 170 plot 225-6 wrestling 103 stage version 222, 223, 224, 226-7, 234 Women Writers' Suffrage League 170 White, Gladys 103 Women's Freedom League (WFL) 168 Whitechapel 205-6 Women's Social and Political Union Whittle, Charles 76 (WSPU) 104, 166, 168, 177-8 Wilde, Oscar 181 Women's Theatre Enterprise 170, 172, 173 Williams, Arthur 162-3 Wood, Matilda Caroline 118 Wilson, A. E. 211 Woolf, Jack 209 Winsome, Marie 100 working girls 40—5, 55 Wodehouse, P. G. 52 wrestling, women 103 Wollstonecraft, Mary 100 women Yeats, William Butler 13, 29, 141 and clubs 113-14 Yiddish drama 8, 204, 205-10