DOCSLIB.ORG

DNA Barcoding of Endoparasitoid Wasps in the Genus Anicetus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DNA Barcoding of Endoparasitoid Wasps in the Genus Anicetus Biological Control 58 (2011) 182–191 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon DNA barcoding of endoparasitoid wasps in the genus Anicetus reveals high levels of host specificity (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ⇑ Yan-Zhou Zhang a, , Sheng-li Si b, Jin-Tu Zheng c, Hong-Liang Li b, Yu Fang a, Chao-Dong Zhu a, Alfried P. Vogler d,e a Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China b Institute for Nutritional Sciences, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China c Ningbo Technology Extension Center for Forestry and Specialty Forest Products, Ningbo 315012, PR China d Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK e Imperial College London, Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK article info abstract Article history: The genus Anicetus includes economically important biocontrol agents that are introduced for control of Received 20 June 2010 soft and wax scale insect agricultural pests (Ceroplastes spp.). Understanding of host–parasitoid associa- Accepted 10 May 2011 tions is critical to the successful outcome of their utilization in biological control projects. However, iden- Available online 15 May 2011 tification of these parasitoids is often difficult because of their small size and generally similar morphological features, and hence, studies on the host–parasitoid associations. Here, nucleotide Keywords: sequence data were generated from the mitochondrial COI gene and the D2 region of 28S rRNA to assess Hymenoptera genetic variation within and between species of Anicetus occurring in China. The results of this study sup- Encyrtidae port the use of the COI and the D2 region of 28S rRNA gene as useful markers in separating species of Anicetus ceroplastis species group Anicetus, even in cases where morphological differences are subtle. On the other hand, the COI gene is also DNA barcoding useful in recognizing species with much variation in morphology. DNA barcoding reveals high levels of mtDNA host specificity of endoparasitoids wasps in the genus Anicetus. Our results indicate that each Anicetus 28S rRNA species is adapted to a limited set of host species, or even are monospecific in their host choice. DNA sequences Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Taxonomy Host specificity Ceroplastes Coccidae 1. Introduction Trjapitzin, 2010). Among them, Anicetus beneficus Ishii and Yasumatsu is one of the most successful biological control agents The genus Anicetus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) includes about 50 (Yasumatsu, 1958, 1969; Smith, 1986), which continues to be used currently recognized species (Noyes, 2010; Trjapitzin, 2010). Spe- in biocontrol programmes (Krull and Basedow, 2005). Anicetus ben- cies of Anicetus are primary endoparasites of soft scales (Homoptera, eficus Ishii and Yasumatsu was discovered by Yasumatsu in Kyu- Coccidae), particularly the wax scale species belonging to Ceroplas- shu, Japan, in 1946 (Yasumatsu, 1958). Then it was introduced tes (Subba Rao, 1965; Annecke, 1967; Trjapitzin, 2010). Some of into the islands of Honshu and Shikoku and entirely suppressed these wax scale species, such as Ceroplastes rubens Maskell,Ceroplas- there its host, a dangerous pest of citrus plants (Yasumatsu, tes floridensis Comstock and Ceroplastes japonicus (Green), are 1958). The introduction of A. beneficus from Japan into South Korea polyphagous and are significant economic pests of important agri- and Australia for use against wax soft scale was successful (Kim cultural plants such as Citrus spp., the coffee tree, mango and guava et al., 1979, 1994; Smith, 1986), but its introduction into the Black around the world (Yasumatsu, 1958; Gimpel et al., 1974; Smith, Sea coast of Georgia and Israel was ineffectual because of the ab- 1986; Ben-Dov, 1993; Wang, 2001). sence of its host there (Trjapitzin, 2010). Other than Anicetus ben- Anicetus is well known in economic entomology since many eficus, Anicetus ceroplastis, Anicetus communis, Anicetus dodonia, species have been used in the biological control of wax and soft Anicetus nyasicus and Anicetus parvus have been also used for bio- scales (Homoptera, Coccidae) (Subba Rao, 1965; Annecke, 1967; control purposes (Noyes and Hayat, 1994; Trjapitzin, 2010). Since many species of Anicetus are considered effective natural ⇑ Corresponding author. enemies of agricultural pests, the taxonomy of the Anicetus has E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.-Z. Zhang). been studied thoroughly (Tachikawa, 1955, 1958, 1963; Subba 1049-9644/$ - see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.05.006 Y.-Z. Zhang et al. / Biological Control 58 (2011) 182–191 183 Rao, 1965; Annecke, 1967; Hayat et al., 1975; Hayat, 1999; found that each Anicetus species oviposited on a species of Ceropl- Trjapitzin, 2010). Due to their small size and generally similar mor- astes other than the natural host under laboratory conditions. phological features and thus lack of distinct morphological charac- All species known so far from China belong the ceroplastes spe- ters, they are difficult to characterize on morphological data alone. cies group except for Anicetus annulatus Timberlake, Anicetus chin- In fact, many species have been typologically described on the ba- ensis Girault and Anicetus deltoideus Annecke (Table 1). However, sis of subtle differences in morphological features. This is true in their natural pattern of parasitism in the field is not clear. Specifi- the ceroplastes species group. cally, it remains unclear to what extent host associated differenti- In order to separate A. beneficus, A. ceroplastis, and Anicetus ation and subsequent speciation in this group of economically ohgushii, Tachikawa (1958, 1963) used some characters of the an- important parasitoids. As Loch (1997) stated, Anicetus has been tenna (length of the upper margin of the clava and the length of studied extensively, but the biology requires further study and tax- the funicle, as well as the size or the width of funicular segments), onomy of the genus appears to require revision. setae arrangement of forewing base cell, ovipositor and even the Many studies have shown that short fragments of mitochon- bristles on the scutellum. Several other nominal species, for in- drial DNA, in particular the ‘barcode’ marker COI, are effective in stance, Anicetus aligarhensis and Anicetus angustus (Hayat et al., diagnosing species (Hebert et al., 2004a, 2004b; Barrett and Hebert, 1975), Anicetus rarisetus and Anicetus rubensi (Xu and He, 1997), 2005; Ward et al., 2005; Clare et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2006, 2007, have been proposed on the basis of the above subtle differences. 2008). However, ‘barcoding’ of species faces the problem of intra- Unfortunately, these characters are not always reliable and often specific variation and incongruence of mitochondrial markers with difficult to assess for a non-specialist. Problems were experienced morphologically defined species that may limit the use of diagnos- by Loch (1997) in identifying females of A. beneficus; variation in tic markers. Hence, debates over the validity of the approach re- taxonomic characters of this species made identifications difficult main (Meier et al., 2006; Whitworth et al., 2007; Wiemers and using the keys of Ishii and Yasumatsu (1954), Tachikawa (1955, Fiedler, 2007; Hunter et al., 2008; Moura et al., 2008; Dasmahapat- 1958), Subba Rao (1965) and Annecke (1967). ra et al., 2010). Moreover, owning to interspecific mitochondrial As a result of technical difficulties in species identification, and Wolbachia transfers did take place, a very high error rate can studies of the host–parasitoid associations are difficult (Noyes, be achieved for both aspects of barcoding, specimen identification 1994; Shaw, 1994; Quicke, 1997; Santos et al., 2011). Most species and species discovery (Whitworth et al., 2007). In practice, DNA- of Anicetus are known as parasitoids of Ceroplastes spp. and some based identification is already well-established in the literature, have been recored for a broad host range. For example, A. beneficus and has become the standard for identification within many taxo- has been reported to use more than six species of Ceroplastes as nomic groups, for host specificity test (Smith et al., 2006; Li et al., hosts (see Table 1). On the other hand, a single Ceroplastes species, 2010) and for study of the geographical variability of host–parasit- such as C. rubens can host as many as 6 Anicetus species. Even in oid interactions (Santos et al., 2011). China, at least 5 Anicetus species have been reported using C. rubens The high species diversity and broad host use make Anicetus an as their host (Xu et al., 2003). In Japan, A. beneficus, A. ceroplastis excellent potential model system for the investigation of speciation and A. ohgushii are reported to have their own natural host in the patterns and host specificity. Here, the barcode COI fragment of genus Ceroplastes (Tachikawa, 1963). However, Ohgushi (1958) Anicetus species reared from Ceroplastes in mainland China was Table 1 Host–parasitoid index of ceroplastis species group from China. Species Host Citations Anicetus aligarhensis Hayat, Alam & Agarwal Ceroplastes sp. Hayat et al. (1975) and Hayat (1986) Ceroplastes japonicus Xu (1985) Anicetus beneficus Ishii and Yasumatsu Ceroplastes sp. Hayat (1986); Trjapitzin, 1989 Ceroplastes actiniformis Hayat et al. (1975) and Hayat (1986) Ceroplastes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia
    Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Identified Difficulties and Conditions for Field Success of Biocontrol
    Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco To cite this version: Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco. Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success, IOBC - International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Controlof Noxious Animals and Plants, 2011, 978-92-9067-243-2. hal-02809583 HAL Id: hal-02809583 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809583 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WPRS International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious IOBC Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section SROP Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Integrée contre les Animaux et les OILB Plantes Nuisibles:
    [Show full text]
  • Title Studies on the Host Selection by Anicetus Beneficus (Encyrtidae
    Studies on the Host Selection by Anicetus beneficus Title (Encyrtidae, Hymenoptera), a parasite of Ceroplastes rubens (Coccidae, Hemiptera) Author(s) Ohgushi, Ryohichi Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto. Series Citation B (1956), 23(1): 55-59 Issue Date 1956-12-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/258469 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University MEMOIRs OFTHECOLllEGE OF SCIENCE, UNIVERslTY OFKyoTo, SERTEs B, Vo]. XXIII, No. 1, Article 7, 1956 Studies on the [Host SelectioR by Anicetus beneficus (Encyrtidae, Hymenoptera), a parasite of Ce7opLastes recbens (Coccidae, HemipteTa)i) By R>Toh-iehi OHGUSHI Zoological Institute, University of Kyoto (Received Oct. IO, 1956) Anicetus benejicus IsHu et YAsuMATsu is an effective natural enemy of the red sca}e, Ceroplastes ruabens, which is one of the most injurious insect pest ef horticulture in Japan. Since the discevery of this parasitic wasp by Dr. YAsuMATsu in I94,6, several papers have been published, chiefiy from the viewpeint ef biological contrel by MiNAMiKAwA (1954", TAcm!<AwA (l951, 55), YAsuMATsv and his col- laborators (194+9, 5!, 53a, 53b, 53c, 54,. 55), etc. {n Japan, there are three species ef scales belonging to the genus CeropLastes, viz. C, rabens, C. pseucloceZiferus and C. jQpontczas. A. benejicies has been consi- dered to be a special parasite on C. ribbens. Some of the investigators who treated with the problem of host selection in parasitic wasps divided the proeess of parasitizatlon into $everal phases. The oviposition to tke host body is an important phase ef the process, and the emergence of a wasp from the hest is its final result.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX G. Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature
    APPENDIX G. Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature Explanation of OPP Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes for ECOTOX Data Studies located and coded into ECOTOX must meet acceptability criteria, as established in the Interim Guidance of the Evaluation Criteria for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature, Phase I and II, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 16, 2004. Studies that do not meet these criteria are designated in the bibliography as “Accepted for ECOTOX but not OPP.” The intent of the acceptability criteria is to ensure data quality and verifiability. The criteria parallel criteria used in evaluating registrant-submitted studies. Specific criteria are listed below, along with the corresponding rejection code. · The paper does not report toxicology information for a chemical of concern to OPP; (Rejection Code: NO COC) • The article is not published in English language; (Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN) • The study is not presented as a full article. Abstracts will not be considered; (Rejection Code: NO ABSTRACT) • The paper is not publicly available document; (Rejection Code: NO NOT PUBLIC (typically not used, as any paper acquired from the ECOTOX holding or through the literature search is considered public) • The paper is not the primary source of the data; (Rejection Code: NO REVIEW) • The paper does not report that treatment(s) were compared to an acceptable control; (Rejection Code: NO CONTROL) • The paper does not report an explicit duration of exposure; (Rejection Code: NO DURATION) • The paper does not report a concurrent environmental chemical concentration/dose or application rate; (Rejection Code: NO CONC) • The paper does not report the location of the study (e.g., laboratory vs.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 March 2013, 381 P
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273257107 Mason, P. G., D. R. Gillespie & C. Vincent (Eds.) 2013. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 381 p. CONFERENCE PAPER · MARCH 2013 DOWNLOADS VIEWS 626 123 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Peter Mason Charles Vincent Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 96 PUBLICATIONS 738 CITATIONS 239 PUBLICATIONS 1,902 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Charles Vincent Retrieved on: 13 August 2015 The correct citation of this work is: Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.). 2013. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 380 p. Proceedings of the 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile March 4-8, 2013 Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.) 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile, March 4-8, 2013 PREFACE The Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, held in Pucón – Chile, continues the series of international symposia on the biological control of arthropods organized every four years. The first meeting was in Hawaii – USA during January 2002, followed by the Davos - Switzerland meeting during September 2005, and the Christchurch – New Zealand meeting during February 2009. The goal of these symposia is to create a forum where biological control researchers and practitioners can meet and exchange information, to promote discussions of up to date issues affecting biological control, particularly pertaining to the use of parasitoids and predators as biological control agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Cophylogenetic Relationships Between Anicetus Parasitoids
    Deng et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Cophylogenetic relationships between Anicetus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and their scale insect hosts (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Jun Deng1,2, Fang Yu1, Hai-Bin Li1,2, Marco Gebiola3,4, Yves Desdevises5,6, San-An Wu2* and Yan-Zhou Zhang1* Abstract Background: Numerous studies have investigated cospeciation between parasites and their hosts, but there have been few studies concerning parasitoids and insect hosts. The high diversity and host specialization observed in Anicetus species suggest that speciation and adaptive radiation might take place with species diversification in scale insect hosts. Here we examined the evolutionary history of the association between Anicetus species and their scale insect hosts via distance-based and tree-based methods. Results: A total of 94 Anicetus individuals (nine parasitoid species) and 113 scale insect individuals (seven host species) from 14 provinces in China were collected in the present study. DNA sequence data from a mitochondrial gene (COI) and a nuclear ribosomal gene (28S D2 region) were used to reconstruct the phylogenies of Anicetus species and their hosts. The distance-based analysis showed a significant fit between Anicetus species and their hosts, but tree-based analyses suggested that this significant signal could be observed only when the cost of host-switching was high, indicating the presence of parasite sorting on related host species. Conclusions: This study, based on extensive rearing of parasitoids and species identification, provides strong evidence for a prevalence of sorting events and high host specificity in the genus Anicetus, offering insights into the diversification process of Anicetus species parasitizing scale insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Host Range of Agents for Biological Control of Arthropods: Rationale, Methodology and Interpretation
    Proceedings: Host Specificity Testing of Exotic Arthropod Biological Control Agents: The Biological Basis for Improvement in Safety Evaluating the Host Range of Agents for Biological Control of Arthropods: Rationale, Methodology and Interpretation D.P.A. Sands1 and R.G. Van Driesche2 1CSIRO Entomology, Private Bag No. 3, Indooroopilly Queensland 4068, Australia 2Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA 01003 Abstract Before releasing exotic natural enemies for biological control of weeds, host range tests are almost universally required by authorities, to ensure that agents are unlikely to have detrimental impacts on non-target plants. However, for biological control of arthropod pests, tests to determine the potential host range of exotic agents have not been so widely practiced, leading to concerns that agents once established may have undesired impacts on beneficial organisms and native fauna. The rationale for host range tests is similar for weeds and arthropod projects and the centrifugal method for selecting non-target taxa related to a target is applicable to both, but the taxonomic relationships for arthropods are often not as well known as for plants. The number and range of non-target arthropods to be tested with an exotic agent must be selected carefully, since it is impractical to maintain in culture an extensive range of taxa. Non- target beneficial or threatened arthropod taxa may be priorities for testing as potential hosts but their life histories are sometimes unknown or appropriate stages may be difficult to obtain or culture. Tritrophic agent/ host/plant interactions are not uncom- mon and difficult to evaluate, and predators need special evaluation when compared with parasitoids.
    [Show full text]
  • Cophylogenetic Relationships Between Anicetus Parasitoids
    Cophylogenetic relationships between Anicetus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and their scale insect hosts (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Jun Deng, Fang Yu, Hai-Bin Li, Marco Gebiola, Yves Desdevises, San-An Wu, Yan-Zhou Zhang To cite this version: Jun Deng, Fang Yu, Hai-Bin Li, Marco Gebiola, Yves Desdevises, et al.. Cophylogenetic relationships between Anicetus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and their scale insect hosts (Hemiptera: Coccidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, BioMed Central, 2013, 13, pp.275. 10.1186/1471-2148-13- 275. hal-01548299 HAL Id: hal-01548299 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01548299 Submitted on 27 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Deng et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Cophylogenetic relationships between Anicetus parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and their scale insect hosts (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Jun Deng1,2, Fang Yu1, Hai-Bin Li1,2, Marco Gebiola3,4, Yves Desdevises5,6, San-An Wu2* and Yan-Zhou Zhang1* Abstract Background: Numerous studies have investigated cospeciation between parasites and their hosts, but there have been few studies concerning parasitoids and insect hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control
    ©CAB International – for Steven Naranjo 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control STEVEN E. NARANJO1*, GEORGE B. FRISVOLD2 AND PETER C. ELLSWORTH3 1USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA; 2Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 3Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA Integrated pest management (IPM) is the strategic control are very low, successful programmes have integration of multiple control tactics resulting in the resulted in essentially permanent pest control with amelioration of pest damage that takes into consid- very favourable economic outcomes (Cock et al., eration environmental safety, and the reduction of 2015; Naranjo et al., 2015). risk and favourable economic outcomes for growers A second approach – augmentative biological and society at large. For thousands of years, natural control – involves the initial (inoculation) or enemies of pests have been harnessed for crop pro- repeated (inundation) introduction of native or tection (Simmonds et al., 1976). Maximizing this exotic natural enemies to suppress pest populations. source of natural control is a foundational element Augmentative biological control has been widely in IPM for suppressing the growth of incipient pest and successfully deployed in many parts of the populations (Stern et al., 1959). Biological control world. It is perhaps most well known in protected has been defined as the purposeful use of natural agricultural production, particularly in Europe and enemies, such as predators, parasitoids and patho- in developing regions such as China, India and gens, to regulate another organism’s populations to Latin America (van Lenteren et al., 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Data Sheet on Ceroplastes Japonicus
    EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ ORGANIZATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES Data Sheets on Forest Pests Ceroplastes japonicus IDENTITY Name: Ceroplastes japonicus Green Synonym: Cerostegia japonicus Green Ceroplastes floridensis var. japonicus Green. Taxonomic position: Insecta: Coccidae, Homoptera. Common name: Japanese wax scale, Japanese soft scale, Tortoise wax scale (English), японская восковая ложнощитовка (Russian) Bayer computer code: CERPJA HOSTS According to different authors, C. japonicus damages 95 to 121 plant species. It prefers Laurus nobilis, Diospyros kaki, Camellia sinensis and Morus spp. Less preferable are Prunus laurocerasus, Citrus reticulata, Citrus unshiu and some other Citrus spp., and then come Malus spp., Magnolia spp., Poncirus trifoliata, Camellia spp., Pittosporum, Crataegus spp. and other plants. The pest develops on all fruit and many ornamental plants (Yasnosh, 1951, 1952; Dzhashi, 1968; Shutova, 1970; Lobzhanidze, 1975; Katsitadze, 1973, 1977, 1978; Sinadskii, 1982) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION EPPO region: Azerbaijan (potential EPPO member, introduced), Georgia including Adzharia and Abkhasia (potential EPPO member, introduced), Great Britain (introduced), south-eastern France (introduced), Italy (introduced), southern Russia (introduced), Slovenia (introduced) (Shutova, 1970; Lobzhanidze, 1975; Katsitadze, 1977, 1978; Dzhashi, 1978; Bassova, 1983b; Voronkova et al., 1986; Orlinskii,
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Encyrtidae of the Hawaiian Islands with Keys to General and Species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae), ] 2 3
    Vol. XXII, No. 2, Sept. 1976 181 A Synopsis of the Encyrtidae of the Hawaiian Islands with Keys to General and Species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidae), ] 2 3 John W. Beardsley, Jr. UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII HONOLULU, HAWAII This paper is an attempt to update and summarize taxonomic and other biological data on Hawaiian Encyrtidae and to provide keys for their identification. The Hymenoptera Parasitica section of the Fauna Hawaiiensis (Ashmead, 1901) listed only four species of Encyrtidae (s. str.). The Supplement to Hymenoptera (Perkins, 1913) added ten more. Most of what is known about Hawaiian encyrtids resulted from the careful studies of P.H. Timberlake (1919a, 1919b, 1920, 1922, 1924a, 1924b). Excepting a review of the non- endemic species of the subtribe Anagyrina (Beardsley, 1969), more recent published information on Hawaiian encyrtids is found largely in scattered notes which record the identity and hosts of newly discovered adventive species. The Hawaiian encyrtid fauna contains both endemic and recently adventive elements. Of the 106 species in 60 genera which are treated here, 26 species are almost certainly endemic, two additional species possibly so, and the remaining 78 species are recent adventives. The endemic Encyrtidae comprise poorly known species complexes in the genera Anagyrus Howard, Coelopencyrtus Timberlake, Hypergonatopus Timberlake and Rhopus Foerster. Hypergonatopus and the closely related, monotypic Aulonops Timberlake are considered to be endemic genera, and the endemic species of Anagyrus have been placed in an endemic subgenus, Nesoanagyrus (Beardsley, 1969). In addition there are two monotypic genera, Euchalcerinys Timberlake and Xesmatia Timberlake, which are unknown outside Hawaii and may be endemic. Numerous species of Encyrtidae have been introduced purposely into Hawaii for biological control of insect pests, particularly against scale insects and mealybugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Associated with Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Soo-Jung Suh Plant Quarantine Technology Center/APQA, [email protected]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2019 Korean encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) associated with scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Soo-Jung Suh Plant Quarantine Technology Center/APQA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Suh, Soo-Jung, "Korean encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) associated with scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha)" (2019). Insecta Mundi. 1209. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1209 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. July 26 2019 INSECTA 9 urn:lsid:zoobank. A Journal of World Insect Systematics org:pub:E3EDA06F-80B3-4845- UNDI M 85ED-65A1B59E0CD1 0719 Korean encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) associated with scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Soo-Jung Suh Plant Quarantine Technology Center/APQA 167, Yongjeon 1-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 39660 Date of issue: July 26, 2019 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Soo-Jung Suh Korean encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) associated with scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Insecta Mundi 0719: 1–9 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E3EDA06F-80B3-4845-85ED-65A1B59E0CD1 Published in 2019 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]