Introduction 1) IBM’s Copper wiring Microscope photo of IBM’s Copper wiring on CU-11 ASIC 130nm technology 2) POWER5 - Power5 Chip Die : Date added: 2005-10-25 IBM introduces POWER5, the world's most advanced microprocessor. POWER5 will be the "brain" of a new line of powerful computer systems that will be introduced in 2004. 3) SOC Picture Cover of the IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol 46 No. 6 Nov. 2002. 4) Animation of Power Grid Simulation Global clock networks provide the heartbeat that synchronizes operations on a processor chip. This movie visualizes the voltages and currents in the POWER6 clock network with two processor cores operating at 5 GHz, slowed down about 20 billion times for the human eye. The high speed clock signal is generated in the center of the chip, and takes more than two clock cycles traveling through wires near the speed of light to reach everywhere in both cores. The rising and falling voltages in each wire and buffer are clearly shown, with larger currents displayed using wider widths and hotter colors. Wires are simulated as transmission lines, including overshoots above and below the yellow box representing the power supply. Buffers appear as vertical cones, since their output currents are larger than their input currents. Animation by Philip Restle Reference: "The Physical Design of the POWER6 Microprocessor," Joshua Friedrich, Bradley McCredie, Norman James, Bill Huott, Brian Curran, Eric Fluhr, Gauray Mittal, Eddie Chan, Yuen Chan, Donald Plass, Sam Chu, Hung Le, Leo Clark, John Ripley, Scott Taylor, Jack DiLullo, Mary Lanzerotti, Proceedings of the International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), San Francisco, CA, Feb. 11-15, 2007 5) The IBM Stretch Supercomputer : Date added: 2008-09-11 The machine pioneered many advances in circuits, memory, I/O, packaging and power. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/25079.wss 6) IBM System/360 : Date added: 2005-10-25 IBM System/360 http://www- 03.ibm.com/press/us/en/attachment/10040.wss?fileId=ATTACH_FILE2&fileName=S360ColorPhoto.JPG 7) IBM Watson : Date added: 2011-1-13 Watson, powered by IBM POWER7, is a work-load optimized system that can answer questions posed in natural language over a nearly unlimited range of knowledge. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/33373.wss 8) Automatic Sequence Control Calculator - Interpolators Length: 51 feet. Height: eight feet. Weight: nearly five tons. An SUV on steroids? No, those dimensions actually describe the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) -- also known as the Harvard Mark I -- the largest electromechanical calculator ever built and the first automatic digital calculator in the United States. This undated view of the ASCC shows (at right) its three interpolators -- the value tape mechanisms which automatically selected values required in interpolating processes -- next to which are (from right to left) the functional counters, multiplying-dividing unit and storage counters. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/markI/markI_intro.html 9) IBM 701 – Electronic Analytical Control Unit On April 29, 1952, IBM President Thomas J. Watson, Jr., informed his company's stockholders at the annual meeting that IBM was building "the most advanced, most flexible high-speed computer in the world." Known as the Defense Calculator while in development, the new machine emerged from the IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory later that year and was formally unveiled to the public on April 7, 1953 as the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machines. What was so special about the 701? Well, a few things. The 701 was a landmark product because it was: * The first IBM large-scale electronic computer manufactured in quantity; * IBM's first commercially available scientific computer; * The first IBM machine in which programs were stored in an internal, addressable, electronic memory; * Developed and produced in record time -- less than two years from "first pencil on paper" to installation; * Key to IBM's transition from punched-card machines to electronic computers; and * The first of the pioneering line of IBM 700 series computers, including the 702, 704, 705 and 709. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/701_intro.html 10) IBM 29 card punch The IBM 29 card punch was announced on October 14, 1964, the newest version of a device first developed 74 years earlier. The punch and its companion, the IBM 59 card verifier, were used to record and check information in punched cards. The cards were then read and processed by a computer or an accounting machine. The IBM 29 remained in the product catalog until May 1984. 11) Engineering Design System From an IBM Innovation Brochure - “Since the early 1960s, IBM has led the industry in the automated design and manufacture of new computers. The company’s Engineering Design System (EDS) takes logical designs, plus technology definitions and constraints, and (1) verifies the functionality of the designs and (2) generates the instructions for the manufacturing tools. EDS takes a circuit desing from logic entry through simulation, physical design and testing, to production. Linking such a range of functions trhough common interfaces to form a total system has no parallel elsewhere in the industry. Engineers at terminals can develop circuit designs from the start of physical design to chip manufacturing in as short a time as six days, compared with weeks or months using a manual system. EDA currently integrates the design work of 32 IBM laboratory-plant locations worldwide.” 12) Cell microprocessor : Date added: 2005-10-25 IBM Analysis Engineer Tami Vogel holds a prototype of the new Cell microprocessor, a collaboration between engineering teams from IBM, Sony and Toshiba. Essentially a supercomputer on a chip, the Cell microprocessor is expected to transform consumer electronics and digital entertainment. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/attachment/10043.wss?fileId=ATTACH_FILE2&fileName=cellpic_1.jpg Start of Microelectronics 13) 1938 IBM Baseball Team http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/waywewore/waywewore_11.html 14) IBM 704 – Courtesy NASA Man and woman shown working with IBM type 704 electronic data processing machine used for making computations for aeronautical research. Wikipedia indicates this picture is in the public domain. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_Electronic_Data_Processing_Machine_-_GPN-2000-001881.jpg 15) 704 Data Processing System – Operator’s Console The 704 operator's panel seen here was mounted on the Electronic Analytical Control Unit. Instructions could be entered into the control section through either storage or manually from the operator's panel. And the entire machine could be manually controlled from the operator's panel through its buttons, keys and switches. 16) Magnetic Cores Magnetic cores originated with two inventors: A. Wang and F. W. Viehe, who independently began experimenting with cores for computer memories in the 1940s. Later development work was done by others, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, RCA and IBM. In the 1950s and 1960s, cores were progressively miniaturized to produce high-speed memories. In this 1955 view, a group of IBM cores is compared in size to a pencil and a printed circuit. (VV2116) http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/vintage/vintage_4506VV2116.html 17) Magnetic core memory From an IBM Innovation Brochure - “Magnetic cores were the basic technology for the computer main memory from the 1950s into the early 1970s. This tiny iron oxide cores could be magnetized clockwise or counter clockwise to represent bits of information. Data could be retrieved in millionths of a second. IBM adapted pill- making machinery to produce tens of billions or cores in the 1950s and 1960s”. 18) Patent 3049291 This photo is Figure 3 from patent 3049291: Tape Reader Control by Roger Greenhaigh and David Norton. Filed on Sept. 30, 1959 and issued August 14, 1962. 19) North Street Lab. Endicott NY – 1933 In 1933 IBM completed construction of an engineering laboratory across North Street from the manufacturing plant. The lab seen here was the first IBM building constructed solely for use as a laboratory. When opened, it housed the people and engineering facilities previously located at both the Endicott factory (about 180 employees) and the Varick Street laboratory (about 70 people) in New York City. The North Street Lab served as the headquarters for all of IBM's development work until 1945. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/endicott/endicott_PH06.html 20) Humorous Journal of R&D Cover To form circuits in the early 1960s, transistors were combined with capacitors, resistors and other electrical elements on circuit cards such as this. On the reverse side, electrical paths were printed -- to improve reliability and speed manufacturing. The circuit cards were then plugged into "gates" and the cards interconnected by wires to form the logic and control elements of processors. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/vintage/vintage_4506VV3071.html 21) Humorous Journal of R&D Cover The electronic computer was born of the vacuum tube. Developed for the radio industry, the vacuum tube permitted machines to calculate several times faster than did earlier electromechanical relays. This tube system from 1946 could multiply two 10-digit numbers 40 times a second. http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/vintage/vintage_4506VV2111.html 22) Jack Kilby – Courtesy of Texas Instruments Jack Kilby (circa 1958) photographed shortly after his invention of the first integrated circuit at Texas Instruments. http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/downloadphotos.shtml 23) Robert Noyce Public Domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Noyce1.jpg 24) First Integrated Circuit – Courtesy of Texas Instruments Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit at Texas Instruments in 1958. Comprised of only a transistor and other components on a slice of germanium, Kilby's invention, 7/16-by-1/16-inches in size, revolutionized the electronics industry.