Batu Caves Sebagai Situs Peninggalan Kebudayaan Hindu Wisata Di Malaysia

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Batu Caves Sebagai Situs Peninggalan Kebudayaan Hindu Wisata Di Malaysia Foreign Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta BATU CAVES SEBAGAI SITUS PENINGGALAN KEBUDAYAAN HINDU WISATA DI MALAYSIA Agung Nugraha Moledjo 15.2101 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Abstract : Malaysia is one of country that has many cultures from different of tribes. One of tribes is malay. Many destination in Malaysia. One of destination is Batu Caves Temple. Beautiful place in Malaysia. Hindu is religion in Batu Caves. Big temple in the world with beautiful view. Vary nice destination in Malaysia. Keywords: Malaysia; Destination; Batu Caves Temple. 1. PENDAHULUAN Penulis adalah seorang mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta (STiPram) semester VII jenjang Strata I jurusan Hospitality (Ilmu Kepariwisataan). Tujuan penulis berkunjung ke Malaysia adalah mengikuti Foreign Case Study yang dilakukan oleh Kampus yang dimulai pada 12 januari 2017 sampai dengan 18 januari 2017 dengan Dosen Pembimbing Bapak Moch. Nur Syamsu,S.Pt.,M.Par [1]. Penulis juga telah melakukan Program Foreign Case Study (FCS) selama 7 Hari dengan melakukan kunjungan ke 3 Negara yaitu : Singapore, Malaysia dan Thailand. Program FCS merupakan salah satu program wajib untuk mahasiswa Strata 1 sebagai standar kualifikasi menjadi sarjana pariwisata. Program ini meliputi kunjungan ke beberapa atau salah satu negara untuk mengkomparasi potensi wisata yang ada di luar negeri baik itu potensi alam ataupun budaya dengan potensi yang ada di Indonesia. Berbagai kunjungan daya tarik dan potensi budaya Negeri Malaysia telah penulis amati dan pelajari seperti China Town, KLCC, Batu Caves serta mempelajari kuliner khas Negeri Malaysia yaitu kue dan makanan melayu. Sebelum dikenal sebagai Malaysia, Negara ini sering disebut sebagai Langkasuka, adalah nama kerajaan yang terdapat di Semenanjung Malaysia.Malaysia adalah negara berbentuk monarki konstitusional federal yang terdiri dari 13 negara bagian dan 3 wilayah federal. Adapun 13 wilayah negara bagian di Malaysia antara lain Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, Pulau Pinang dan Terengganu. Sedangkan 3 wilayah federal atau wilayah persekutuannya yaitu Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, dan Labuan yang terletak di Borneo atau Pulau Kalimantan. Suku Melayu menjadi bagian terbesar dari populasi Malaysia. Terdapat pula komunitas Tionghoa-Malaysia dan India-Malaysia yang cukup besar. Bahasa Melayu dan Islam masing-masing menjadi bahasa dan agama resmi negara. Malaysia adalah anggota perintis ASEAN dan turut serta di berbagai organisasi internasional, seperti PBB. Sebagai bekas jajahan Inggris, Malaysia juga menjadi anggota Negara-Negara Persemakmuran. Malaysia juga menjadi anggota D-8 (Developing-8), yakni sebuah kesepakatan untuk kerja sama pembangunan delapan negara anggotanya: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mesir, Nigeria, Pakistan, dan Turki. 1 Malaysia adalah satu-satunya negara Asia Tenggara yang terletak baik di pulau utama maupun daratan Asia. Di barat, Malaysia menempati bagian selatan Semenanjung Malaya (atau Melayu/Malaka), yang juga ditempati Thailand. Di timur, wilayah Malaysia mencakup negara bagian Sabah dan Sarawak di pulau Kalimantan. Kalimantan merupakan pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia. Dua bagian negara ini dipisahkan oleh Laut China Selatan sepanjang lebih dari 645 kilometer. 2. PEMBAHASAN Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan disebutkan bahwa pariwisata adalah berbagai macam kegiatan wisata dan didukung berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah [2]. Pariwisata adalah keseluruhan kegiatan pemerintah, dunia usaha dan masyarakat untuk mengatur, mengurus dan melayani kebutuhan wisatawan [3]. Pariwisata merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok di dalam wilayah negara lain. Kegiatan tersebut menggunakan kemudahan, jasa dan faktor penunjang lainnya yang diadakan oleh pemerintah dan atau masyarakat, agar dapat mewujudkan keinginan wisatawan [4]. Pariwisata merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia terutama menyangkut kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi [5]. Diawali dari kegiatan yang semula hanya dinikmati oleh segelintir orang-orang yang relatif kaya pada awal abad ke-20, kini telah menjadi bagian dari hak azasi manusia. Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya di negara maju tetapi mulai dirasakan pula di negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dalam tahap pembangunannya, berusaha membangun industri pariwisata sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai neraca perdagangan luar negeri yang berimbang. Melalui industri ini diharapkan pemasukan devisa dapat bertambah [6]. Pada hakikatnya berwisata adalah suatu proses kepergian sementara dari seseorang atau lebih menuju tempat lain di luar tempat tinggalnya [7]. Dorongan kepergiannya adalah karena berbagai kepentingan, baik karena kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, politik, agama, kesehatan maupun lainnya seperti karena sekedar ingin tahu, menambah pengalaman baru [8]. Besarnya kegiatan pariwisata, terutama tingkat internasional, ditambah dengan situasi di mana batas antar negara semakin hilang, telah menjadikan pariwisata sebagai suatu kegiatan penting yang turut mempengaruhi hubungan internasional [9]. Banyak negara di dunia sekarang ini yang menganggap pariwisata sebagai sebuah aspek penting dari strategi pengembangan negara. Berikut merupakan pengertian pariwisata menurut beberapa ahli : 1. Pariwisata berasal dari bahasa sansekerta “pari” yang berarti banyak atau berkeliling dan “wisata” yang berarti pergi atau bepergian. Jadi pariwisata adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan secara berulang – ulang dan berpindah – pindah. 2. Gejala – gejala yang disebabkan oleh perjalanan dan pendiaman orang – orang asing serta penyediaan tempat tinggal sementara, asalkan pendiaman itu tidak tinggal menetap dan tidak memperoleh penghasilan dari aktifitas yang bersifat sementara itu. Sektor pariwisata memberikan keuntungan ekonomi terhadap negara yang bersangkutan [10]. 2.1. Regulation Sesuai dengan Peraturan yang berlaku, Dalam kegiatan perjalanan keluar negeri seseorang atau kelompok, seseorang atau kelompok tersebut harus sudah memiliki dan selalu membawa dokumen tersebut, layaknya seperti : 1. Paspor 2 Paspor (passport) adalah suatu dokumen resmi yang diterbitkan oleh pejabat pemerintah yang berwenang tentang identitas seorang warga negara yang akan melakukan perjalanan lintas negara. Paspor ini digunakan ketika seorang warga negara yang hendak memasuki batas negara lain. Kemudian petugas berwenang dari negara tujuan tersebut akan memberi stempel ataupun lampiran lembar visa yang direkatkan di dalam halaman pemegang paspor sebagai bukti tanda ijin untuk memasuki suatu negara. Pada umumnya paspor berisikan tentang identitas lengkap pemegang paspor yang meliputi: foto, nama lengkap, jenis kelamin, tempat dan tanggal lahir, serta tandatangan pemegang paspor tersebut. Informasi lain yang terdapat pada paspor yakni kode negara, nomor (unik) paspor, tanggal penerbitan dan berakhirnya paspor, institusi penerbit, dan nama pejabat berwenang yang menerbitkan lengkap dengan tandatangan dan stempelnya. Paspor memiliki berbagai macam jenis sesuai dengan tujuan dari pemegang paspor. Di Indonesia, dikenal beberapa jenis paspor yaitu: a. Paspor Diplomatik : Sampul berwarna hitam yang dikeluarkan oleh Ditjen Imigrasi Indonesia b. Paspor Dinas/Resmi : Sampul berwarna biru c. Paspor Umum : Sampul berwarna hijau d. Paspor Haji : Sampul berwarna cokelat e. Dengan kemajuan teknologi, saat ini di beberapa negara telah mengeluarkan e- passport atau elektronik passport sebagai pengganti jenis paspor konvensional yang ada saat ini. Mekanisme e-passport ini yakni dengan menanamkan suatu chip yang berisikan biodata pemegangnya dan dilengkapi dengan data biometrik-nya untuk memberi jaminan kepastian bahwa pemegang paspor tersebut adalah benar pemilik yang sah. 2. Tiket Tiket adalah suatu dokumen perjalanan yang dikeluarkan oleh suatu perusahaan yang berisi rute, tanggal, harga,data penumpang yang digunakan untuk melakukan suatu perjalanan baik perjalanan pulang atau pun pergi secara langsung atau tidak langsung. 3. Visa Visa adalah sebuah dokumen izin masuk seseorang ke suatu negara yang bisa diperoleh di kedutaan dimana negara tersebut mempunyai Konsulat Jenderal atau kedutaan asing. Visa adalah tanda bukti ‘boleh berkunjung’ yang diberikan pada penduduk suatu negara jika memasuki wilayah negara lain yang mempersyaratkan adanya izin masuk. Bisa berbentuk stiker visa yang dapat diapply di kedutaan negara yang akan dikunjungi atau berbentuk stempel pada paspor di negara tertentu. Visa adalah sebuah dokumen resmi yang di perlukan untuk masuk ke negara tujuan dalam periode waktu tertentu. Visa asli yang biasanya di stempel di paspor penerima sangat diperlukan jika hendak berkunjung ke suatu negara tertentu. Harap diperhatikan bahwa Visa kedatangan hanya dapat diperpanjang atas persetujuan Direktur Jenderal Imigrasi Republik Indonesia dalam hal bencana alam, sakit atau kecelakaan, tidak dapat dialihkan ke jenis visa lain. Wisatawan yang melewati waktu yang telah ditentukan akan dikenakan denda sebesar US $ 20.- per hari / orang (untuk tinggal di bawah 60 hari) sedangkan lebih dari 60 hari tinggal akan menjalani 5 (lima) tahun hukuman penjara atau denda IDR 25.000.000 (mata uang lokal). Visa adalah tanda bukti ‘boleh berkunjung’ yang diberikan pada penduduk suatu negara jika memasuki wilayah negara lain yang mempersyaratkan
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