The Analysis Ecranisation of Peter's Charaterization Affected by His Conflicts in the Novel and in the Film Entitled the Chro

THE ANALYSIS ECRANISATION OF PETER’S CHARATERIZATION AFFECTED BY HIS CONFLICTS IN THE NOVEL AND IN THE FILM ENTITLED THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: PRINCE CASPIAN Deasmabella Charima English Department, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Universitas Gunadarma Jl. Margonda Raya No. 100, Depok 16424, Jawa Barat [email protected] Abstract This research aims at analyzing the process of ecranisation in the main character’s conflicts and characteristics, Peter Pevensie, that occurs in the novel and the film. The reason for using conflict is because to know the character’s characteristics can be seen from the way he deals with his conflicts. The data were taken from the novel The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian by C.S Lewis and film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian by Andrew Adamson, because there are numerous differences, among them are Peter’s conflicts and characteristics. The descriptive qualitative method is applied in this research. The results of this research show the process of ecranisation is reduction, addition, and variation. The process of ecranisation found psychological conflict, social conflict, and physical conflict. But the physical conflict did not find in variation. The main character’s characteristics appeared in the novel comprise of wise, firm, responsible, and big-hearted. Whereas in the film the main character’s characteristics describe as stubborn, arrogant, irritable, doubtful, wise, persistent, cautious, and big-hearted. Keywords: Characteristic, Characterization, Conflict, Ecranisation INTRODUCTION equipment and its settings has succeeded in Usually, when reading a novel, displaying images that are getting closer to something that is described in a sentence will reality. In the dark atmosphere in the cinema, turn into a moving picture in our mind. the audience witnessed a story that seemed to However, when watching a film, the image happen in front of them. Movies are enjoyed appears directly before our eyes, as if we in cinema, which means that they have a were watching it directly. It is just that the short span of time in presenting the story. novel tells all the events in detail, while the While a novel is able to depict the development film is not as detailed as the novel. The of characters, complicated social situations, reason is that the film has a shorter duration relationships involving the characters, and than the novel. Reading a novel can be done various complicated events that occurred for a long time, while a movie can only be several years ago in more detail Stanton enjoyed for about 120 minutes. This short (2012, p. 90). The novel is mentioned by the film is in accordance with Effendy's theory. above theory that it has details in presenting Effendy (as cited in Sugianto et al., 2017) its story and that means it cannot be just a says that the film technique, both the short time. So that when the story in the novel Charima, The Analysis Ecranisation … 131 https://doi.org/10.35760/jll.2020.v8i2.2978 is turned into a film, there will be changes such characterization describes the external and as reduction, addition, and variation. internal characters in their behavior indirectly. In every story that is presented both Sayuti (2017, p.79) says that conflict in the novel and in the film, it must have the is a conflict that occurs between a character characters of the story. Each character has and another character or with the natural their own characteristics. To find out what surroundings. When reading or watching the characteristics of a character are, it can be parts of the conflict (both physical and seen from the words, actions, and psychological) in the story, usually we, as conversations between characters which are readers or viewers, will feel the tension. This usually called characterization. Characterization means arousing the emotions of the reader or can essentially be divided into direct and viewer. So that the conflict in a story can be indirect in describing the qualities of a ascertained from life. Therefore, readers can character. Abrams (as cited in Suyatmi, 2017, be emotionally involved with what happens p. 8) explains that characterization is the in the story. presentation of a character in a fictional story The conflict itself can be divided into or drama in a direct or indirect way and three, namely with oneself, with other invites the reader to interpret his quality characters, and with the natural surroundings. through his words and actions. These three conflicts are called psychological There are two types of characterization conflict, social conflict, and physical conflict. described by Abrams (as cited in Rizkia, The following is an explanation by Sayuti 2015, p. 12), namely telling and showing. In (2017, p.79) regarding the three conflicts, telling, the author intervenes authoritatively psychological conflict is usually in the form in order to describe, and often to evaluate, the of a character's struggle against himself or motives and dispositional qualities of the herself so that he or she can resolve and character. In showing, the author simply determine what he or she will do. Social presents the characters talking and acting and conflict regarding the conflict of figures leaves the reader to infer the motives and concerning social problems. The last one is dispositions that lie behind what they say and physical or element conflict usually occurs do. The author may show not only external when a character is unable to control or take speech and actions, but also the character’s advantage of and cultivate the surrounding inner thoughts, feelings, and responsiveness. environment as it should be. Can be concluded that characterization is in Many films such as Harry Potter, telling, directly explaining what the character Twilight, and The Hunger Games have stories is like by mentioning his physical or based on novels. The novel is the best-selling characteristic. Meanwhile, in showing, novel on the market, meaning that the novel 132 Journal of Language and Literature Volume 8 No 2 Desember 2020 has its popularity in the readers. So that many 2) in 2008, the practice of ecranisation returned film directors turn it into a film so that the to being productive marked by the emergence success achieved by the novel is also of two films that achieved phenomenal achieved by the film. But not all films based commercial success namely Ayat-ayat Cinta on the best-selling novels can be as by Hanung Bramantyo and Laskar Pelangi successful as the novels, such as the film The by Riri Riza. Da Vinci Code. This film is not successful Ecranisation has a process, namely because fans of the novel felt the film is not reduction, addition, and variation. The in line with expectations. reduction is a reduction in the element of the The novel into the film is a way of story when it is filmed. More specifically, the enjoying a literary work that can be called elements of the story in the novel are not in ecranisation. Ecranisation is a process of the film. The addition is the addition of a whitening or transferring or lifting a novel to story element to the film. This element of the film. The transfer from the novel to the white story was not in the novel before. The last screen inevitably results in change (Eneste as variation is a modification of the elements of cited in Mahardhika, 2018, p.6). From the the story in the novel into the film. This is transfer occurred a difference that could not also said by Eneste. The reduction of the be avoided. If we see the novel formed from cutting element of the story is a literary work written words, those words will form an in the transformation process. The addition is image in the minds of its readers. Whereas in a change in the process of transformation of the film, the words in the novel are literature into movie form, the director has a transformed into a form of moving images, so particular reason for doing the addition in the the imagination no longer appears in the mind movie because of the addition was important but occurs directly before our eyes. from the point of the film. And variation Ecranisation has been around since allows certain variations between the novel 1927 but ecranisation production has fluctuated and the movie. (Eneste, as cited in Triswela, in the following years. In the 1970s the 2016, p.62). production of ecranisation had increased. But Much research has been conducted unfortunately in 1993-2000, the production of on ecranisation using Eneste's theory. Like ecranisation experienced a drastic decline. the research conducted by Lusinda (2018) Then in 2008, the development of a novel regarding ecranisation on the intrinsic into a film in Indonesia experienced success elements of the London Love Story novel and when the films Ayat-ayat Cinta and Laskar film that has differences and similarities Pelangi appeared. This is following what between the novel using a comparative Woodrich says (as cited in Kumara, 2019, p. descriptive method. The results found are Charima, The Analysis Ecranisation … 133 https://doi.org/10.35760/jll.2020.v8i2.2978 some changes from the novel to the film, and The Wardrobe. The reason is that almost variations on the intrinsic elements, the addition the entire story of this film is different from of characters, and some events in the film. the novel. So that many readers of the novel Furthermore, the research conducted are disappointed. by Kayyis (2016) discusses the reduction, From the explanation above, this addition, and variation on Divergent novel and research is conducted because after reading film using a qualitative descriptive method. the novel and watching the film The The results of this research are the reduction, Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian there addition, and variations do not occur in the is a very big difference in the elements of the theme, timing, and perspective.

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