THE ANALYSIS ECRANISATION OF PETER’S CHARATERIZATION AFFECTED BY HIS CONFLICTS IN THE NOVEL AND IN THE FILM ENTITLED THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: PRINCE CASPIAN

Deasmabella Charima English Department, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Universitas Gunadarma Jl. Margonda Raya No. 100, Depok 16424, Jawa Barat [email protected]

Abstract This research aims at analyzing the process of ecranisation in the main character’s conflicts and characteristics, Peter Pevensie, that occurs in the novel and the film. The reason for using conflict is because to know the character’s characteristics can be seen from the way he deals with his conflicts. The data were taken from the novel The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian by C.S Lewis and film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian by Andrew Adamson, because there are numerous differences, among them are Peter’s conflicts and characteristics. The descriptive qualitative method is applied in this research. The results of this research show the process of ecranisation is reduction, addition, and variation. The process of ecranisation found psychological conflict, social conflict, and physical conflict. But the physical conflict did not find in variation. The main character’s characteristics appeared in the novel comprise of wise, firm, responsible, and big-hearted. Whereas in the film the main character’s characteristics describe as stubborn, arrogant, irritable, doubtful, wise, persistent, cautious, and big-hearted.

Keywords: Characteristic, Characterization, Conflict, Ecranisation

INTRODUCTION equipment and its settings has succeeded in Usually, when reading a novel, displaying images that are getting closer to something that is described in a sentence will reality. In the dark atmosphere in the cinema, turn into a moving picture in our mind. the audience witnessed a story that seemed to However, when watching a film, the image happen in front of them. Movies are enjoyed appears directly before our eyes, as if we in cinema, which means that they have a were watching it directly. It is just that the short span of time in presenting the story. novel tells all the events in detail, while the While a novel is able to depict the development film is not as detailed as the novel. The of characters, complicated social situations, reason is that the film has a shorter duration relationships involving the characters, and than the novel. Reading a novel can be done various complicated events that occurred for a long time, while a movie can only be several years ago in more detail Stanton enjoyed for about 120 minutes. This short (2012, p. 90). The novel is mentioned by the film is in accordance with Effendy's theory. above theory that it has details in presenting Effendy (as cited in Sugianto et al., 2017) its story and that means it cannot be just a says that the film technique, both the short time. So that when the story in the novel

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is turned into a film, there will be changes such characterization describes the external and as reduction, addition, and variation. internal characters in their behavior indirectly. In every story that is presented both Sayuti (2017, p.79) says that conflict in the novel and in the film, it must have the is a conflict that occurs between a character characters of the story. Each character has and another character or with the natural their own characteristics. To find out what surroundings. When reading or watching the characteristics of a character are, it can be parts of the conflict (both physical and seen from the words, actions, and psychological) in the story, usually we, as conversations between characters which are readers or viewers, will feel the tension. This usually called characterization. Characterization means arousing the emotions of the reader or can essentially be divided into direct and viewer. So that the conflict in a story can be indirect in describing the qualities of a ascertained from life. Therefore, readers can character. Abrams (as cited in Suyatmi, 2017, be emotionally involved with what happens p. 8) explains that characterization is the in the story. presentation of a character in a fictional story The conflict itself can be divided into or drama in a direct or indirect way and three, namely with oneself, with other invites the reader to interpret his quality characters, and with the natural surroundings. through his words and actions. These three conflicts are called psychological There are two types of characterization conflict, social conflict, and physical conflict. described by Abrams (as cited in Rizkia, The following is an explanation by Sayuti 2015, p. 12), namely telling and showing. In (2017, p.79) regarding the three conflicts, telling, the author intervenes authoritatively psychological conflict is usually in the form in order to describe, and often to evaluate, the of a character's struggle against himself or motives and dispositional qualities of the herself so that he or she can resolve and character. In showing, the author simply determine what he or she will do. Social presents the characters talking and acting and conflict regarding the conflict of figures leaves the reader to infer the motives and concerning social problems. The last one is dispositions that lie behind what they say and physical or element conflict usually occurs do. The author may show not only external when a character is unable to control or take speech and actions, but also the character’s advantage of and cultivate the surrounding inner thoughts, feelings, and responsiveness. environment as it should be. Can be concluded that characterization is in Many films such as Harry Potter, telling, directly explaining what the character Twilight, and The Hunger Games have stories is like by mentioning his physical or based on novels. The novel is the best-selling characteristic. Meanwhile, in showing, novel on the market, meaning that the novel

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has its popularity in the readers. So that many 2) in 2008, the practice of ecranisation returned film directors turn it into a film so that the to being productive marked by the emergence success achieved by the novel is also of two films that achieved phenomenal achieved by the film. But not all films based commercial success namely Ayat-ayat Cinta on the best-selling novels can be as by Hanung Bramantyo and Laskar Pelangi successful as the novels, such as the film The by Riri Riza. Da Vinci Code. This film is not successful Ecranisation has a process, namely because fans of the novel felt the film is not reduction, addition, and variation. The in line with expectations. reduction is a reduction in the element of the The novel into the film is a way of story when it is filmed. More specifically, the enjoying a literary work that can be called elements of the story in the novel are not in ecranisation. Ecranisation is a process of the film. The addition is the addition of a whitening or transferring or lifting a novel to story element to the film. This element of the film. The transfer from the novel to the white story was not in the novel before. The last screen inevitably results in change (Eneste as variation is a modification of the elements of cited in Mahardhika, 2018, p.6). From the the story in the novel into the film. This is transfer occurred a difference that could not also said by Eneste. The reduction of the be avoided. If we see the novel formed from cutting element of the story is a literary work written words, those words will form an in the transformation process. The addition is image in the minds of its readers. Whereas in a change in the process of transformation of the film, the words in the novel are literature into movie form, the director has a transformed into a form of moving images, so particular reason for doing the addition in the the imagination no longer appears in the mind movie because of the addition was important but occurs directly before our eyes. from the point of the film. And variation Ecranisation has been around since allows certain variations between the novel 1927 but ecranisation production has fluctuated and the movie. (Eneste, as cited in Triswela, in the following years. In the 1970s the 2016, p.62). production of ecranisation had increased. But Much research has been conducted unfortunately in 1993-2000, the production of on ecranisation using Eneste's theory. Like ecranisation experienced a drastic decline. the research conducted by Lusinda (2018) Then in 2008, the development of a novel regarding ecranisation on the intrinsic into a film in Indonesia experienced success elements of the London Love Story novel and when the films Ayat-ayat Cinta and Laskar film that has differences and similarities Pelangi appeared. This is following what between the novel using a comparative Woodrich says (as cited in Kumara, 2019, p. descriptive method. The results found are

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some changes from the novel to the film, and The Wardrobe. The reason is that almost variations on the intrinsic elements, the addition the entire story of this film is different from of characters, and some events in the film. the novel. So that many readers of the novel Furthermore, the research conducted are disappointed. by Kayyis (2016) discusses the reduction, From the explanation above, this addition, and variation on Divergent novel and research is conducted because after reading film using a qualitative descriptive method. the novel and watching the film The The results of this research are the reduction, Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian there addition, and variations do not occur in the is a very big difference in the elements of the theme, timing, and perspective. This happens story. The elements of the story in question only to events, characters, places, and language are characteristic and conflict. More precisely styles. Also, it is explained that reduction, Peter’s characteristics who has a very big addition, and variation affect changes in some difference between the novel and the film. As intrinsic elements in novel and film. well as the conflicts faced by Peter which Meanwhile, Triswela (2016) discusses will affect what his characteristics look like ecranisation in the plot of Breaking Dawn in the novel and the film. Therefore, the focus novel and the film Breaking Dawn Part 1. of this research is on ecranisation on Peter's The method used is a qualitative descriptive characteristics seen from the conflicts he method. Triswela found the reduction, faced. Also, this research looks for any addition, and variation of story plots in the ecranisation processes that arise regarding orientation, complication, and resolution Peter's conflict which will later be known as phases of the novel and film from this what his characteristics will be. research data. But in the conclusion phase, This research uses the ecranisation there is no reduction found. theory from Eneste, the characterization theory The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince from Abrams, and the conflict theory from Caspian novel by C.S Lewis is a children's Sayuti. The consideration of using Eneste’s story about the world of fauns, satyrs, theory because the theory discusses the changes centaurs, and magic. Tells about the return of that occur when a literary work is transferred Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy to Narnia to to another work (novel to film). These changes help Prince Caspian defeat Miraz who is can be seen from the ecranisation process, Caspian's uncle. This novel is made into a namely reduction, addition, and variation. film by director Andrew Adamson and Unlike the others, in his theory, Eneste explains released in 2008. Unfortunately, this film was about reduction, addition, and variation. The not as successful as the first film, namely The reason of using Abrams’s theory is in this Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, research looks for the characteristics of the

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main character, which is the quality of After the data was collected, the data himself as seen from the influence of the were analyzed according to the theory used. conflict that occurred to him. To find out the The data to be analyzed first is data about the quality of the character's self, this research main character conflict in accordance with explores it from the characters' words and the ecranisation process. Then the characteristic actions when facing conflicts that occur to data are analyzed from the conflict the main them. This research focuses more on knowing character faced. Finally, a conclusion is made the character of the conflicts he is facing. about the results of the data analysis in order Sayuti's theory focuses more on the conflicts to prove that this research has concrete that occur in the character of the story. evidence. Then the data that is not found can be used as suggestions for other researchers. METHODS This research analyzed document RESULTS AND DISCUSSION data in the form of utterances and narratives The research reveals 11 data of from the novel The Chronicles of Narnia: reduction, 15 data of addition, and 3 data of Prince Caspian by C.S Lewis and the film variation in the conflict that occurred to Peter The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian by Pevensie. In reduction finds 1 data of Andrew Adamson. The novel was published psychological conflicts, 8 data of social HarperCollins Publisher in 2015 and the film conflicts, and 2 data of physical conflicts. In was released on June 26, 2008 (United addition, finds 3 data of psychological Kingdom). So this research used qualitative conflicts, 11 data of social conflicts, and 1 method because the data used is in the form data of physical conflict. And in variation of documents. To describe the results of the shows 1 data of psychological-social conflict, data, this research used a qualitative descriptive 1 data of social-social conflict, and 1 data of method. psychological-psychological conflict. The The thing that is done in collecting physical conflict did not exist in variation. data is reading the novel and watching the Here are the explanations: film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian to understand all the contents of the Reduction story and the elements of the story. The data In reduction, the conflicts that taken in the form of narration and occurred in the novel while in the film did not conversation with the main character. After occur. Psychological, social, and physical that, the data classified based on the conflicts were found in reduction. The ecranisation process, namely reduction, following is an analysis of psychological addition, and variation. conflict:

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“I say,” said Edmund as they walked The following is an analysis of away, “I suppose it is all right. I physical conflict: mean, I suppose you can beat him?” “Phew! This is pretty gruelling “That’s what I’m fighting him to find work,” said Peter. out,” said Peter. “Can’t I row for a bit?” said Lucy. (p. 160, paragraph 2, line 5-7) “The oars are too big for you,” said Peter shortly, not because he was The conflict is psychological because cross but because he had no strength Peter was fighting against himself who did to spare for talking. not know whether he can fight against Miraz (p. 100, paragraph 1-3, line 1-5) or not. So he overcame it by deciding to fight Miraz to find out whether he was able or not. The conflict is physical because in Next is an explanation of social that conflict Peter cannot control the nature conflict: around him so he is tired and does not want “Oh, what is the good?” said Susan. any disturbance because it will make him “And as Edmund said –“ more tired. “I’m not saying it now,” Edmund interrupted. “I still don’t understand, Addition but we can settle that later. I suppose In addition, the conflicts that occurred in you’re coming down, Peter?” the film while in the novel did not occur. “We must,” said Peter. “Cheer up, Psychological, social, and physical conflicts Susan. It’s not good behaving like were found in addition. kids now that we are back in Narnia. The result reveals psychological conflict You’re a Queen here. And anyway no occurred in Peter can be found in the scene one could sleep with a mystery like from 01:20:31 - 01:21:10. Peter’s act who this on their minds.” looked back and forth between Susan and the (p. 26-27, paragraph 8-10, line 26- trapped Narnians, was his act being doubt 33) whether he had to run away with some Narnians, who had survived, or not. Even The conflict that occurred is a social when he had made up his mind to leave the conflict because what happened to Peter and trapped Narnians, he still looked at them Susan had to do with social problems, namely because he still had doubts about his disputes. The dispute in question was Susan's decision. incompatibility with what Peter had decided The conflict is psychological because to enter the treasure room. Peter is struggling against himself who doubts

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what to do with the trapped Narnians. Then scene from 00:40:48 - 00:41:09. Peter had a he overcame it by deciding to leave them physical conflict with the cliff because it was even though he was still hesitant as seen from blocking their way and what Peter his attitude that continued to look at the remembered about the road to the river Rush Narnians who were trapped when Peter was did not match reality, evidence that they were already riding away. facing a cliff, and that is made Peter upset. In the scene from 00:09:57 - He assumed the path he chose was right to 00:10:40 Peter fought with other students on get to the Rush River, this he did base on his the platform. After the fight, he explained to knowledge of that place. Therefore, he vented his three younger siblings why he fought. The his anger by refusing to admit his mistake he following is an analysis of social conflict: only said, "I'm not lost" (00:40:49) and Susan : “What was it this time?” blamed Trumpkin Peter : “He bumped me.” The conflict is physical because in Lucy : “So you hit him?” that conflict Peter cannot control the nature Peter :“No. After he bumped me, around him, namely on the cliff that blocked they tried to make me his path. So that he felt annoyed and took out apologize. That’s when I hit his frustration at Trumpkin by blaming him. him.” Susan :“Really? Is that hard to just Variation walk away?” In variation, the physical conflict did Peter :“I shouldn’t have to. I not occur. The results show variation in the mean, don’t you ever get psychological-social conflict, social-social tired of being treated like a conflict, and psychological-psychological kid?” conflict (00:10:54 - 00:11:10) The psychological-social conflict will be explained as follows: The conflict that occurred was a In the novel, the type of conflict found social conflict because what happened to is a psychological conflict that occurred Peter and the students had to do with social between Peter and himself when he felt guilty problems, namely dispute. The dispute in for guiding them all on the wrong path. question is in the form of physical contact I’m sorry,” said Peter. “It’s my fault caused by Peter's disapproval of giving in to for coming this way. We’re lost. I’ve apologizing for what he did not do. never seen this place in my life The result reveals that physical before.” (p.109, paragraph 4, conflict occurred in Peter can be found in the line 9-11)

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After that Trumpkin also suggested they with social problems, namely debate and should go north to the Great River to cross. dispute. The debate is about Peter felt that he Peter thought Trumpkin's suggestion was was right in choosing the road to the Rush right and so he advised the others to follow River but Trumpkin who thought Peter had suit. chosen the wrong path to the Rush River with While in the film the type of conflict evidence of the cliffs blocking them. found is a social conflict that occurred Meanwhile, the dispute in question was between Peter and Trumpkin and Susan. With Susan giving Peter an insinuation about the Trumpkin, Peter did not want to hear cause of the river being eroded to reinforce Trumpkin's words so they were lost. Trumpkin's words that there was no way to Evidenced by the following statements: cross the Rush River. Trumpkin : “You’re just going The social-social conflict will be the wrong way.” explained as follows: Peter : “You last saw Caspian at Both in the novel and the film, the the Shuddering Woods type of conflict found is the social conflict and the quickest way that occurred between Peter and Lucy. Lucy there is to cross at the saw Aslan across the cliff. She insisted that river Rush. she saw Aslan on the other side and Aslan Trumpkin :“But unless I’m mistaken, wanted them to follow him across the abyss. there’s no crossing in these If there was Aslan on the other side, Peter parts.” and the others could not see it because only Peter :“That explains it, then. Lucy saw it. And if they wanted to go to You’re mistaken. Aslan, they had to cross a cliff which there (00:40:54 - 00:41:08) was no way to cross. In the novel, when facing conflict, to resolve it Peter voted to So, the conflict that occurred in the others to produce a fair decision. novel is psychological because Peter was “You’re the eldest, D.L.F. what do struggling against himself who felt guilty for you vote for? Up or down?” (p. 112, guiding them wrong. But Peter can overcome paragraph 4, line 7-8) his guilt by admitted his mistake and apologized. Also, Peter corrected his While in the film, Peter heard mistakes by following Trumpkin's advice. Edmund and Trumpkin's opinions then Whereas in the film the conflict that occurred considered them. The conflicts that occurred is a social conflict because Peter and in the novel and the movie are social because Trumpkin and Susan have something to do Peter and Lucy have something to do with

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social problems such as distrust. The distrust said his concern for Edmund, about himself, meant was that Peter not sure that there was could not survive the duel. Peter also felt Aslan across the abyss as Lucy had said. sorry for Edmund because Edmund was Meanwhile, Lucy was sure that Aslan is there. always there to help Peter, whereas Peter had The following is an analysis of never done the same thing to Edmund. psychological-psychological conflict: Evidenced by the following statements: Both in the novel and the film, Peter Peter :“What do you think experienced the same conflict it was a happens back home psychological conflict with himself about his if you die here? worries that might not be able to survive the You know you've duel against Miraz. In the novel, during a always been there break from the duel, Peter chatted with and I never really” Edmund about the power of Miraz. Peter Edmund :“Save it for late” admitted that Miraz was very strong and (01:46:14-01:46:29) maybe he could not defeat him. Evidenced by the following statements: So, the conflicts that occurred in the While they’re doing this, Edmund novel and the film are psychological because asked anxiously, “What do you think Peter is fighting against himself who is of him, Peter? worried that he will not survive the duel “Tough,” said Peter. "Very tough. I against Miraz. But he managed to overcome have a chance if I can keep him on the his worries by accepted sincerely that his hop till his weight and short wind chances of survival were low and apologized come against him - in this hot sun too. to Edmund for his mistake before it was too To tell the truth, I haven't much late. chance else. Give my love to – at From the conflicts, it can be seen home, Ed, if he gets me. Here he about Peter's characteristics. As in the section comes to the lists again. So long, old on reduction, it is explained that the characteristics chap. Good-bye, Doctor. And I say are wise, firm, and responsible. Ed, say something especially nice to Trumpkin. He's been a brick." Wise (p. 164-165, paragraph 10-11, line Wise can be started by producing a 26-34) win-win solution to solve a problem. Peter suggested to a duel when he saw Trumpkin While in the film, he had the same arguing with Edmund. It is seen from his conflict. When the break from the duel, Peter statement,

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“There is no good losing our advise his sister and gave understanding why tempers. Let's fit him out with fresh Susan should not be afraid. He shows firm armor and fit ourselves out of the from the way he spoke and acted when facing treasure chamber, and have a talk his conflict. after that." (p. 91, paragraph 10, line 29-31). Responsible Responsible can be started by one's Peter did that because it was a own willingness to be held accountable and decision that produced a win-win solution, to realize that the other party will require the two parties can prove each other to help dedication or sacrifice. As Peter did, he Caspian. Edmund can prove they were refused Lucy's help even though he was tired. worthy while Trumpkin had proof that they Peter was responsible because he cared about were worthy to help Caspian and Narnia. He the condition of Lucy, Trumpkin, Edmund, shows wise from the way he spoke and acted and Susan, who cannot replace his job. It was when facing his conflict. not because they did not want to, but because the circumstances made them unable to Firm replace what Peter was doing. It can be seen Firm can be started by showing an from Peter's words, authority as the leader to face and deal with "The oars are too big for you," said a problem. Peter advised Susan not to be Peter shortly, not because he was afraid because Peter has decided to find out cross but because he had no strength the answer to the mystery they are facing. to spare for talking, (p. 100, The decision he made was not just for him paragraph 3, line 4-5). but for them together. It is seen from his statement, He shows responsible from the way “Cheer up, Susan. It's not good he spoke and acted when facing his conflict. behaving like kids now that we are Meanwhile, in the addition section, Peter’s back in Narnia. You're a Queen here. characteristics are stubborn, arrogant, wise, And anyway no one could sleep with irritable, doubtful, persistent, and cautious. a mystery like this on their minds," (p. 26-27, paragraph 10, line 30-33). Stubborn Stubborn can be started by choose His attitude towards Susan showed violence in solving problems rather than that he was firm in the sense that he showed succumbed, despite being in the right his authority as an older brother, he tried to position. Peter was being stubborn because he

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will not budge and apologized for what he about the way they went through. Instead of did not do. This is evident from the words of admitted his mistake, Peter blamed Trumpkin, Peter, seen from his statement, “That explains it, "No. After he bumped me, they tried then. You're mistaken," (00:41:07 – to make me apologize. That's when I 00:41:09). He acted arrogantly because he did hit him," (00:10:58 – 00:11:04). not want to admit his mistake that can harm both himself and others, instead he blamed He was steadfast in his stand where others for the mistake he made himself. He he was innocent and did not start a fight even shows arrogant from the way he spoke and though it would be wiser for him if he acted when facing his conflict. apologized to avoid trouble. Even when Susan advised Peter to ignore them, Peter Irritable insisted that he was innocent and he was tired Irritable can be started by easily of being treated like a child in the sense that offended by someone. This happened when he had to yield. He shows stubborn from the Caspian thought that Peter was older than way he spoke and acted when facing his him. Peter was so offended that he said, conflict. "If you like, we could come back in a few years," (00:55:03 – 00:55:07). Arrogant Arrogant can be started by did not Peter knew they were young, but that want to admit a mistake has been done. When did not mean they could not do the great and Trumpkin told Peter in front of the cliff, wise things Caspian might have thought "You're just going the wrong way," when he thought that Peter and his younger (00:40:50 – 00:40:55) siblings were much older than he was. Even though Caspian was just surprised, there was making Peter even more upset. no intention to offend. It is seen from his Trumpkin confirmed his mistake by telling surprised expression, and said, Peter that the path he chooses was wrong "No. That's all right. You're just ... because the Rush River could not be crossed You're not what I expected," and it meant they had to find another way. (00:55:07 – 00:55:13). Previously Trumpkin had warned Peter but he did not follow Trumpkin's advice, it was So, Peter did not filter Caspian's proven at 00:40:34 Susan said, "I wish he words beforehand so he was easily offended. would just listen to the DLF (Trumpkin) in He shows irritable from the way he spoke and the first place” because Susan felt strange acted when facing his conflict.

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Doubtful tried hard to carry out what he had decided Doubtful can be started by hesitant in seen as evident from his words when Miraz accepting offers of help from someone. This asked, was done by Peter when he seemed to "How many more must die for the hesitate in front of The White Witch who throne?" and Peter immediately offered to help him. Peter realized that he replied, "Just one" (01:41:03 – needs help, but not help from The White 01:41:08). Witch but Aslan. Unfortunately, only The White Witch offered to help, while Peter did Then he prepared to strike the first not know where Aslan is. That made him attack on Miraz, as a form of action that he doubt. He knew the White Witch was very has set his heart on his choice. He shows evil and it was because Aslan, the White persistent from the way he spoke and acted Witch can be defeated and that means if Peter when facing his conflict. wanted to help Narnians he needed Aslan's help, not the White Witch. This happened at Cautious 01:30:22-01:30:56 minutes. Peter was silent Cautious can be started by attentive when The White Witch offered to help. The to a possible danger that he or she will face. White Witch convinced Peter that he cannot When Peter and his army were increasingly do it all alone. Then Peter lowering the sword pressed. They were outnumbered. Peter he drew towards The White Witch. But he began to worry that they all cannot survive still did not answer whether he accepted or without Aslan's help. Can be found in the refused help from The White Witch. He scene from 01:56:17 - 01:58:43. Peter looked shows wise from the way he acted when at Miraz's troops slowly advancing. When the facing his conflict. archers and griffins fell in front of Miraz's troops, Peter immediately looked at Susan Persistent with a worried expression as he said, "Lucy". Persistent can be started by setting However, Susan could only shake her head to his or her heart on his or her decision. Before show that she did not know where Lucy was. the duel began, Miraz advised Peter to Then Peter looked again at the approaching surrender. But Peter refused, he said, Miraz army with an expression of worry and "Well, feel free" (01:40:56 – contemplation, showing that he was thinking 01:41:02). of a way to save himself and his troops. At the entrance, the cliff collapsed with a He said that because he already set catapult from Miraz's troops so they could not his heart on the choice he made. He also enter. Peter also looked back at Miraz's

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troops who were now surrounding them with "Very tough. I have a chance if I can a thoughtful expression as he thought about keep him on the hop till his weight how they survived. After Edmund and Susan and short wind come against him – in stood beside him, Peter saw Edmund with a this hot sun too. To tell the truth, I determined expression, indicating that it was haven't much chance else. Give my time for them to attack until Lucy and Aslan love to - at home, Ed, if he gets me. came to their aid or died. Here he comes to the lists again so But he can overcome his worries by long, old chap Good-bye, Doctor. finding ways and considering the dangers that And I say, Ed, say something will occured from each of the options specially nice to trumpkin He's been available. This proves that Peter has a a brick." (p. 164-165, paragraph 11, cautious characteristic because he tries to be line 28-34). careful in making decisions. At that time, he was faced with a life and death situation so While in the film, when the break what he decided was to survive. He shows from the duel, Peter said his concern for cautious from the way he spoke and acted Edmund, about himself, could not survive the when facing his conflict. duel. Therefore, he was aware and dare to In the variation section, Peter’s admit that he made a mistake against that characters are big-hearted, wise, and person. In this case, he felt guilty to Edmund arrogant. The following is an explanation of because, in previous scenes, Peter always did the characters in the variation section. not admit his mistakes and defeat. This is evident from what Peter said to Edmund, Big-hearted “What do you think happens back Being big-hearted can be started by home if you die here? You know sincere in accepted the situation that did not you've always been there and I never expect and sincere in admitted mistakes. In really ... " (01:46:14-01:46:25). the novel when during a break from the duel, Peter chatted with Edmund about the power It proved that Peter had a big-hearted of Miraz. Peter admitted that Miraz was very characteristic because he was aware and dare strong and maybe he could not defeat him. to admit that he made a mistake against that Therefore, Peter realized and accepted person. In this case, he felt guilty to Edmund sincerely about his situation that his chances because, in previous scenes, Peter always did of survival were very small and therefore he not admit his mistakes and defeat. He shows also asked Edmund to give his love to others big-hearted from the way he spoke and acted if he is not saved. As Peter said, when facing his conflict.

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CONCLUSSION as wise, persistent, cautious, and big-hearted, This research reveals data which that the characteristics of Peter in the film is contained the ecranisation character of the predominantly arrogant. The characterization main character from his conflicts. Eneste's method found is the method of showing theory is used to find the ecranisation process through the words and actions of the main whose results are reduction, addition, and character when facing a conflict. Telling variation. Also, Sayuti's theory is used to find method was not found. the types of conflicts Peter faced, including There is no physical conflict was psychological conflict, social conflict, and found in the variation section. So, the issue of physical conflict. The research reveals 11 physical conflict in the variation section can data of reduction, 15 data of addition, and 3 be explored in more detail using different data of variation in the conflict that occurred sources. Besides that, there was no to Peter Pevensie. In reduction finds 1 data of characterization of Peter's characteristics in psychological conflicts, 8 data of social the form of telling method. This issue can be conflicts, and 2 data of physical conflicts. In examining in detail using different data. Also, addition, finds 3 data of psychological conflicts, other research can explore ecranisation with 11 data of social conflicts, and 1 data of different aspects such as plot, theme, or moral physical conflict. And in variation shows 1 messages, both using the same novel and film data of psychological-social conflicts, 1 data or different from this research. of social-social conflict, and 1 data of psychological-psychological conflict. The REFERENCES physical conflict did not exist in variation. Adamson, A. (Director). (2008). The From the conflicts found, Peter had chronicles of narnia: prince wise, firm, and responsible characteristics in caspian [Film]. Walt Disney Studios the reduction section. Stubborn, arrogant, Motion Pictures. wise, irritable, doubtful, persistent, and Kayyis, M. (2016). Comparison between cautious in terms of reduction. Meanwhile, in novel and film "divergent" the variation section, Peter's characteristics (ecranisation theory). Retrieved from: are big-hearted, wise, and arrogant. So it can http://repositori.uin- be concluded that Peter’s characteristics in alauddin.ac.id/367/ the film are more likely to indulge in his Kumara, L. E. (2018). Ekranisasi novel hujan emotions and consider himself the greatest. bulan juni karya sapardi djoko This did not show the wise, clever, and great damono ke film hujan bulan juni character of Peter as in the novel. Although sutradara reni nurcahyo hestu saputra. several conflicts show Peter's characteristics BAPALA , VI (1). Retrieved from:

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https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/i ations/90089-ID-persepsi- ndex.php/bapala/article/view/31733 mahasiswa-pada-film-senjakala-d.pdf Lewis, C. S. (2015). The chronicles of Suyatmi. (2017). Konflik batin tokoh utama narnia: prince caspian. Harper dalam novel cinta suci zahrana karya Collins Children's Book. habiburrahman el shirazy. Retrieved Mahardhika, A. P. (2018). Transformasi from: novel london love story karya tisa TS http://repository.fkip.unja.ac.id/searc ke film london love story karya asep h/detil/KONFLIK%20BATIN%20T kusdinar (Kajian Ekranisasi). OKOH%20UTAMA%20DALAM% Retrieved from: 20NOVEL%20CINTA%20SUCI%2 http://eprints.undip.ac.id/70049/ 0ZAHRANA%20KARYA%20HABI Rizkia, A. (2015). A study of brick being BURRAHMAN%20EL%20SHIRAZ alcoholic in tennessee william's cat Y.html on a hot tin roof. Retrieved from: Triswela, Y. (2015). Ecranization of plot in http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/2949/ the novel and film of breaking dawn Sayuti, P. D. (2017). Berkenalan dengan by Stephanie Meyer. Journal of prosa fiksi. Yogyakarta: Cantrik Language and Literature , IV (1), 60- Pustaka. 68. Retrieved from: Sugianto, G. E., Mingkid, E., & Kalesaran, E. https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/inde R. (2017). Persepsi mahasiswa pada x.php/sastra/article/view/1566 film "senjakal di manado". Acta Diurna , VI (1). Retrieved from: https://media.neliti.com/media/public

Charima, The Analysis Ecranisation … 145 https://doi.org/10.35760/jll.2020.v8i2.2978