Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 Key words: The simulatedand experimentalshow that it results is fe simulation results, aprototypemeasits structure and is built issi operation FCL The level. acceptable an to limited and series capacitor.So, by proper desi resonance transformer Common CouplingPointthe of sags at (PCC)during faults ThisFaultLimiter paperproposesanovelCurrent for th (FCL) Abstract: ehooy Tehran, Iran Technology, Science and address: author’s Corresponding Corresponding author: Acceptance date: Conditionally Acceptance date: Submission date: 4 3 Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir Univ Engineering Department, Amirkabir Univer Professor, Electrical 2 Series Resonance Based Fault Current LimiterwithControlling Series ResonanceBasedFaultCurrent B.Sc., 1 Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department Hamid Radmanesh Electrical Engineering Department, Fault Current Limiter (FCL),ResonanceTransforme Fault 9 July,2016 9, 0 July, 2015 30, The Point of Common Coupling Voltage The PointofCommonCouplingVoltage Hamid Radmanesh 1 Amir Heidary 9 March, 2016 9, lcrclEgneigDprmn,Sai atr eoatclUniversity of Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid SattariAeronautical [email protected] Amirkabir University ofTechnology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran [email protected] ehooy Tehran, Iran Technology, [email protected] [email protected] 2 asible to develop cost FCLwith the andhigh low reliability. Seyed Hamid Hamid Fathi Seyed mulated using MATLAB software. Inorder to confirmthe urementin results agreement are with the simulation results. , Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University ofScience University and , Shahid Sattari Aeronautical . This new FCL is based onseries resonance including based is FCL This new . gn ofthe series resonance LC e application ondistribution networks tocontrol voltage ersity ofTechnology (Tehra sity ofTechnology (Tehra r, Power Quality,r, Power ofCommon Point Coupling (PCC) 1396
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- م ﭼﻬﺎر
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Journal of Iranian Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Vol.14- No.4 Winter 2017 the proposed FCL has been developed in section III, and 1. INTRODUCTION Section IV discusses the simulation results and section V The fault current in the power system tends to increase includes experimental results of the built prototype. over time for different reasons; e.g., electric power Finally, last section gives the conclusion and highlighted demand increase (load growth) and subsequent increase in merits of the proposed FCL. generation, new parallel conducting paths, new interconnections within the grid and new distributed 2. ELECTRICAL NETWORK generation units. The fault currents, flowing from the CONFIGURATION sources to the fault, lead to high dynamical and thermal stresses being imposed on equipments like overhead lines, Fig. 1 shows two feeders electrical network where in the cables, transformers and switchgears [1]. Therefore, there parallel feeder single line to ground fault is occurred. is a considerable interest in devices, which are capable of The downstream fault of the faulty feeders could result in limiting ault currents. The simplest way to limit the large fault current flow, which not only might damage short-circuit current would be the use of an impedance. the series equipments but also can cause voltage drop at The drawback of this solution is that it also obviously Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The voltage drop in influences the system during normal operation, i.e, it the PCC can affect other loads on parallel feeders results in considerable voltage drops at high load currents connected to it. To prevent the voltage sag at PCC, the [2] and [3].A Fault Current Limiter (FCL) can limit the suggested FCL is connected in series with the faulty fault current passing through it within the first half cycle. feeder as shown in Fig. 1. The primary side of the In normal operation mode, the impedance of the FCL is transformer is connected in series with the capacitor and much less, while in the current limiting mode, the transmission line. Also, the secondary side of the impedance is higher than the impedance of the network [4]. transformer is switched by two anti-parallel semiconductor The concept of the FCL is to limit the fault current before switches (IGBTs) to change the impedance of the its first peak, although the response speed is of greatest transformer. The main control component is two importance. Also, an ideal FCL should have the following anti-parallel fast-closing IGBTs connected in parallel with characteristics: low impedance at normal operation, very the secondary side of the transformer. When a fault occurs, short recovery time, large impedance in fault conditions, the IGBTs turn-on and bypass the transformer secondary fault current limitation before the first peak, proper side, and fault current is limited by the capacitor response to any probable fault level, high reliability and impedance. PCC CB1 finally low cost. Since the 1970s, several types of scheme Feeder1 Transformer have been applied in power systems, such as the fuse with Sensitiv fault-current limitation, Superconducting Fault Current e Load CB2 Feeder2 Limiters (SFCLs) [5], hybrid resistive SFCLs [6], FCL saturable core SFCLs [7], shielded-core SFCLs [8], solid-state FCLs [9], and bridge type [10]. In recent years, Vs(t)=Vmsin(wt) Cs fault power electronic based FCLs have been proposed in [11] Transformer Journal of Iranian Association Electricalof Journal Iranian Association of and [12], which has the features of a series compensation 1:a under normal conditions. The influence of the FCL on Ts1 short-circuits current level of substation circuit breaker
and its transient recovery voltage has been studied in [13]. Ts2
Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 The necessity and procedure for the application of FCL and bus sectionalizing system have been discussed in [14]. Fig. 1. Electrical system with loads connected to PCC A transformer inrush current limiter based on DC reactor through parallel feeders has been studied in [15]. The bridge-type FCLs with reduced number of controlled devices have been given in [16] and [17]. In [18] the fault current application on 2.1. FCL Normal Operation Mode power network with wind turbine generation is discussed.
adEetoisEgnesVl4N. itr2017 Winter No.4 Vol14 Engineers Electronics and FCL application for restoring directional over-current Fig. 2 shows FCL configuration during normal relay coordination has been presented in [19]. Also a DC operation mode. In this case, the impedance of the reactor type FCL has been used in [20] for restoring PCC suggested FCL includes series capacitor and the primary voltage and controlling the fault current to an acceptable winding of the series transformer. Because of the series level. In addition, the FCL application for improving transient recovery voltage of circuit breaker is proposed in resonance structure of the FCL, the series capacitor and [21]. In current paper, the suggested FCL operation is primary winding of the transformer have resonance compared with FCL structure presented in [22]. This frequency the same as the power system frequency, while reference is carefully investigated and its problems are the secondary side of the transformer is open and the total solved by suggesting the new FCL structure. This paper impedance of the FCL is near zero. So, the transformer has been organized as follows: In section II, the proposed works as an AC reactor and the impedance of the FCL, i.e., distribution network configuration including FCL and its Cs and series transformer is near to zero. In order to operation principles has been presented. The analysis of
ﻣﺠﻠﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﺮق و اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ اﯾﺮان- ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ- ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم- زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1396 Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 In addition,the IGBTs, to anacceptable level. capacitor impedance returns the PCC voltage and fixes it an acceptable level.Also, theseries fault current to capacitor impedance andits impedance decreases the impedance of the resonant LC tank changes to the series transformer asshown in Fig.3. In this case,the sideofthe are turned ONand close thesecondary current limiting mode. Whenthe fault occurs, the IGBTs represented by structure, Cs is series capacitors andtransformer is overcurrent of each phase separately.Inthis FCL phase ofthe transmission lineforcontrolling the electrical system, thereare t turn ofwindingupto possible value. For three phase of the secondary, this equipment is designed by lowest decrease the flux linkage of thetransformer andvoltage h C ucl eunt t omllwipdnesae state. impedance low its normal to return FCLquickly the fault event event occurs. fault introducing negligibleimpeda virtually invisible tothegridundernormaloperation and the suggested FCL technology isitsability toremain the secondary of transformer. Asignificant advantage of Fig. 3shows the FCL configuration during the fault FCLFaultOperationMode 2.2. In Fig. 2.FCLconfiguration Fig. 3. FCL configuration during fault operation mode Fig. 3.FCLconfigurationduring faultoperationmode i addition, once the limiting action is nolonger needed, i ac f C C FCL during fault limitingcurrent mode s s FCL normal operation mode T Series Resonance LC Tank 1 andconnected tothe transmission line. eodr ieisco ed clos s i side Secondary IGBTs pulses IGBTs 1:a 1:a Secondary side is open sideSecondary is Transformer T s , are connected in series with during normaloperationmode T T i hree FCLs, installed in each f s 1 nce in the system untila Cont rol rol Cont circuit i n ac i f
level ( level increased rapidly andpasses from the specified current magnitudeexceeded the has i considered. Theinitial condition for equations (3)is isnot and circuited isshort load electrical the and fault case, we have: fault case,wehave: frequency, respectively.solving By the equation (3)for where, ovn h qain() h qain()cnb eie. solving the equation (1),the equation (2)canbederived. steady state condition sotransient responseis removed. By In and inductance. load resistance The initialcondition forequations (1)is current level( aspecified than less isstill magnitude current fault mode, The proposedinmodes. twoFCL operates Inthe first C 3. al urn iiigmd. fault current limiting mode. circuit, (3)canbederivedthe equation fordescriptthe circuit andbyapplying Kirchhoff'slawsto circuit this electrical in network current fault limitingmode is aRLC impedance. Furthermore,the equivalent circuitthe of is current line the and IGBTs inductance and resistance,inductance and where, thevaluesof of the capacitor andinductor andfor with with electrical source network voltage sinusoidal, isassumed andthe IGBTs bypassed via is transformer Also, theseries where, given by the (1). equation is current line the where isaRLcircuit network electrical resonance condition and the e components. During the first state,LC tankisthe series in is and there novoltage drop on FCL are in OFFstate teAtAt A t A e Vt tC t A t A Ce it tt it VtL Rit VtL RitVt L L L C (0)=
mL mLC )sntan sin () In fault condition, the line current amplitude is 1
1 sin sin CRC LC CRC LC I V
1396 1 I IRCUIT Z Z m R . A L
D ). In this case, the control circuit turns-on the turns-on control circuit the ). Inthiscase, and RL and 1 VRC VRC 2 t 2 and D
m m 222 ن ZZ ZZ 2 t 2 VL زﻣﺴﺘﺎ 12 m o sin cos
12 I L it di it di o sin cos L Z A
ω - in equation (1)includes source,line, and ) and in the second mode, the fault current mode, the second ) andin the fault current EE dt dt L م L 2 asthe effectiveand angular voltage A ﭼﻬﺎر canbeobtained using initial conditions () () EE 2 NALYSIS 2
ﺷﻤﺎره i tan sin ©¹ ¨¸ §· o tan cos ZZ L ¨¸ ¨¸ §· ©¹ Z and
- ¨¸ ¨¸ §· ©¹ ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ
t Z V t C (1) (t) isseries capacitor voltage I c R L
decreased via the capacitor the capacitor decreased via ﺳﺎل . Inthefirstmode, IGBTs 1 includes andsource line 1 ¨¸ ¨¸ §· ©¹ Z quivalentcircuit ofthe R this case the system is in in is system the case this 1
- 1 ¨¸ ¨¸ §· ©¹ اﯾﺮان
1 (3) i LC L
(t) wehave: اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ LC i (2) Z L 2 (0)= Z Z 2 Z
و
ﺑﺮق (4) I 0 (5) .
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Journal of Iranian Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Vol.14- No.4 Winter 2017 R 1 overvoltage. where,D ,Z and EDZ 22. 2L 0 LC 0
The initial condition for L is iiILL 00 0 and for C Table.1. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PARAMETERS is VVV00 . Equations (4) and (5) are CC 0 Parameters Value Description composed of exponential and sinusoidal parts. The Vs 20kV Source Voltage exponential part causes a transient in the line current as (RMS) shown in the simulation results and duration of this f Frequency 50Hz transient depends on the FCL time constant. rF Fault Resistance 0.001 Ω
Lf Fault Inductance 0H
4. FCL CONTROL STRATEGY Cs 56uF Series Capacitor Lp 2mH Primary Linkage The fault detector circuit which is connected to node ″n″ Inductance of (Fig. 3) is shown in Fig. 4. It consists of one rectifier Transformer Lm 0.18H Magnetization bridge, a capacitor and a resistive voltage divider. In Inductance of normal operation mode, the capacitor voltage has a Transformer marginal value as compared with Vref and pulse generator Lt 2mH Secondary output is zero. So, there are no connected power electronic Linkage Inductance switches (IGBTs) and FCL voltage drop is near zero. of Transformer During fault, the voltage of PCC and the voltage of the Rp 2Ω Primary downstream buses decrease suddenly. In this case, the Resistance of Transformer fault detector circuit detects the line voltage drop by Rt 2Ω Secondary comparing capacitor voltage with Vref and turns-on the Resistance of IGBTs. Transformer Connecting R point to the 2 R3 network (n) n1 300 Primary Turn
Vref PT Ratio
D1 D3 n2 30 Secondary Turn AVR C ON R1 Ratio
D D OFF Distribution Feeder F1 j 0.314 Ω 4 2 TLP250 IGBTs pulses feeders data TLP250 Feeder F2 j 0.157 Ω Puls e Generator Load data Sensitive Load 10+j15.7 Ω Journal of Iranian Association Electricalof Journal Iranian Association of Load of F2 15+j31.4 Ω Fig. 4. Control circuit topology of the suggested FCL
Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 8 5. SIMULATION RESULTS During fault X: 0.2087 6 Y: 6894 Normal operation mode Post fault mode In this section, the system shown in Fig .1, is used for 4 simulations. The system parameters are listed in Table (1). 2 X: 0.04473 Y: 80.83 The proposed system including FCL is simulated for 0 Current (kA) Current
normal and faulty operation modes. The fault is single -2
and Electronics Engineers Vol14 No.4 Winter Winter 2017 No.4 and Electronics Engineers Vol14 Fault inception instant (a) phase to ground fault. Also, the system source is solidly -4 grounded. Fault removal instant (b) -6 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Fig. 5 shows the line current during normal and fault Time (msec) operation modes while there is no connected FCL in the line. As shown here, the amplitude of the fault current Fig. 5. Line current of the network during normal and reaches to 5kA. fault operation modes without connected FCL After fault inception, the FCL inserts in the line and fault current decreases to an acceptable level as shown in Fig. 6. In this case, the series capacitor impedance limits the fault current to 200A. In this application, FCL can successfully control the fault current and limits the transient
ﻣﺠﻠﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﺮق و اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ اﯾﺮان- ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ- ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم- زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1396 Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 modes, respectively. capacitor voltageduring normal and faultoperation limits thefaultcurrent.Figs. 8 and9show the loadand this case, the capacitor voltage risesand its impedance the secondary winding ofthe transformer isnearzero. In to zero andthe IGBTsare inonstate,so thevoltage of After faultoccurrence, thevo there isnoseverevoltageduring the sag fault. levelsuccessfully fixthe PCCvoltageto so anacceptable withoutoperation. FCL Asshownin Fig. 7,FCLcan The simulation results showthe PCCvoltage with and occurred at and fault operation modes.In this figure, the fault is Fig. 7showsthe simulatedPCC voltage normal during Fig. 7. PCC voltage during normal and fault operation modes modes operation fault and normal during Fig. 7.PCCvoltage Voltage (kV) Current (A) -200 -100
-20 -15 -10 Voltage (kVrms) 10 12 100 200 300 400 10 15 20 -5 2 4 6 8 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Fig. 8. Load voltage during normal and fault operation operation fault and normal during voltage Fig. 8.Load Fig. 6. Line current during normal and fault operation operation fault and normal during Fig. 6.Linecurrent Fault inception instant (a) instant inception Fault 50 50 modes while FCLismodes while connected the series in with 50 Normal operation Normal Normal load voltage Normal operation mode Startup transientStartup t =200 with and without FCL application FCLapplication andwithout with mode 100 100 100 m 150 (a) 150 s and FCL is operated in this instant. instant. this in FCL isoperated s and 150 transmission line 200 200 200 Time Time Time (msec) Time modes modes Fault removal instant (b) instant removal Fault 250 ltage ofthe loadltage decreases 250 During fault 250 Fault inception instant (a) instant inception Fault ( Load voltage during fault msec interval PCC voltage without FCL operation FCL without voltage PCC FCL operation with voltage PCC During fault ) 300 300 300 350 350 350 Fault removal instant (b) instant removal Fault (b) Normal operation Normal 400 400 400 Normal load voltage Post faultPost mode mode 450 450 450 500 500 500 10. Thissetup isbuiltusingFig.1. examined using laboratory prototype asshown in Fig. To verify the simulation results,the FCL operationis voltage droponthe FCLcomponents isnearzero. tank during normal operation mode. In this casethe Fig. 11 shows voltagedropon Fig. 11. Voltage drop on the s the on drop Fig. 11.Voltage normal operation mode (V=220 mode operation normal Voltage (V) Voltage (kV) .E 6. -20 -15 -10 10 15 20 -5 0 5 0 Fig. 9.Series capacitordrop voltage duringnormal and 1396 Fault inception instant (a) instant inception Fault XPERIMENTAL 50 Normal load voltage
ن زﻣﺴﺘﺎ Fig. 10.FCLlaboratorytest setup 100 Series resonance voltage drop voltage resonance Series
- م with probe X10 for CH2) forCH2) probe X10 with ﭼﻬﺎر 150
ﺷﻤﺎره Time (msec) fault operation modes modes operation fault
- ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ 200 eries resonance LC tank during during tank LC resonance eries R Time (msec) Time Capacitor voltage during fault
ESULTS V ﺳﺎل 250 the series resonance LC rms
- اﯾﺮان , voltage/division = 10V 10V = voltage/division , 300
اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ 350
و
Fault removal instant (b) instant removal Fault ﺑﺮق 400
ﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯿ Normal load voltage 450
اﻧﺠﻤﻦ
ﻣﺠﻠﻪ 500
Journal of Iranian Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Vol.14- No.4 Winter 2017 Fig. 12 shows the line current and load voltage during simulations and measurements. It is shown that the normal and fault operation modes. The FCL can suggested FCL has more advantages include lower cost successfully control the fault current and can decrease its and higher reliability in comparison with FCL in [22]. It amplitude to an acceptable level. In this figure, fault is can improve the system stability by its fast response after occurred at instant (a) and is cleared at instant (b). fault occurrence and series compensation after fault During fault, the IGBTs are turned ON and bypass the clearing. System studies show that the series resonance series transformer. Delay in FCL operation cause to type FCL can not only limit the fault current to an increase the first peak of the fault current but the FCL acceptable value, but also can mitigate the voltage sag. operation decreases its amplitude successfully. Fig. 12 is in agreement with Figs. 6 and 8. 7. CONCLUSIONS Normal Normal operation operation During fault In this paper, a new FCL structure has been studied. Comparing the FCL with other works, the proposed FCL uses series capacitor to restrain the PCC voltage and Voltage (V) Fault removal controlling the fault current amplitude with high Fault inception (instant (b)) (instant (a)) impedance. Its advantages include simpler operation, less power losses in the steady state and very fast response to fault current limitation. Also, the configuration of the FCL is simple and reliable. The proposed FCL not only
Current (A) Current restrains the PCC voltage drop but also limits the fault current when a fault occurs at the load side. The time delay of this FCL operation is very low, the fault Time (msec) detection circuit delay is less than 1ms. So, FCL can Fig. 12. Line current and load voltage during normal and limit the fault current before its first peak rising. The fault operation modes while FCL is connected in series with simulation results have been compared with the the line (V=220Vrms, voltage/division = 2V with probe X100 for CH2 and current/division = 2A with probe X1 for CH1) experimental results. The good agreement of simulation and measurement results verifies the effectiveness the Fig. 13 shows PCC voltage and line current during proposed FCL. Furthermore, it can also reduce the normal and fault operation modes. As shown in this interrupting rating in the circuit breaker. figure, the quality of PCC voltage during fault is acceptable because FCL successfully fixes it to the EFERENCES Journal of Iranian Association Electricalof Journal Iranian Association of normal value and system can work under safe operation R : conditions. Fig. 13 is in agreement with Fig. 7. [1] Wenyong Guo; Liye Xiao; Shaotao Dai; Zhifeng Zhang; Tao Ma; Yuanhe Li; Xi Xu, "Multicell Fault Current
During fault Limiter," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.61, no.4, pp.2071-2080, 2014. Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 Normal operation Normal operation [2] Woo-Cheol Lee, Taeck-Kie Lee, and Dong-Seok Hyun, " Performance Analysis of a Three-Phase Parallel Active Power Filter which Compensates PCC Voltage and the Fault inception Current (A) Current Fault removal Unbalanced Loads," JPE, vol. 1, no. 1, pp.9-18 , 2001. (instant (a)) (instant (b)) PCC voltage retrieval [3] Chen, Y.; Liu, X.; Sheng, J.; Cai, L.; Jin, Z.; Gu, J.; An, Z.; Yang, X.; Hong, Z., "Design and Application of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in DC Systems," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol.24,
and Electronics Engineers Vol14 No.4 Winter Winter 2017 No.4 and Electronics Engineers Vol14 no.3, pp.1-5, 2014.
Voltage (V) [4] Blair, S.M.; Booth, C.D.; Burt, G.M.; Bright, C.G., "Application of Multiple Resistive Superconducting Fault-Current Limiters for Fast Fault Detection in Highly Time (msec) Interconnected Distribution Systems," IEEE Transactions Fig 13. Voltage of PCC and line current during normal and on Power Delivery, vol.28, no.2, pp.1120-1127, 2013. fault operation modes in the case of FCL operation [5] Hong, Z.; Sheng, J.; Yao, L.; Gu, J.; Jin, Z., "The Structure, Performance and Recovery Time of a 10 kV (V=220Vrms, voltage/division = 1V with probe X100 for CH1 and current/division = 5A with probe X1 for CH1) Resistive Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol.23, no.3, pp.5601304-5601304, 2013. The advantages of the proposed FCL over the FCL in [6] Lee, B.W.; Rhee, S.B., "Test Requirements and [22] are described as follows: Performance Evaluation for Both Resistive and Inductive The suggested FCL effectiveness is verified by Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for 22.9 kV
ﻣﺠﻠﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﺮق و اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ اﯾﺮان- ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ- ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم- زﻣﺴﺘﺎن 1396 Downloaded from jiaeee.com at 13:20 +0330 on Saturday October 2nd 2021 2]M. Firouzi, G.B. Gharehpetian, M. Pishvaei,A [20] Hamid Javadi, S.M. AliMousavi, MojtabaKhederzadeh, [19] "The Fereidouni, A.R.;Vahidi,B.; Mehr, Impact T.H., of [18] M.T.;Abapour, Hagh, M., "Nonsuperconducting Fault [17] Wanmin Fei;Yanli Zhang, "A novelIGCT-based [16] MajidMadani,Mehrdad Seyed Rostami, [15] Park; Seung-Ryul Lee;Jae-young Jong-young Yoon, [14] Liu; Hongshun Qingmin Li; Liang Zou;WahHoon Siew, [13] Hamid Javadi,Fault current limiterusing series [12] Wanmin Fei;YanliZhang;Zhengyu Lu,"Novel [11] [10 S.B.; Naderi, Jafari, Hagh, M.;Tarafdar M., [9] M.G.;Tobin,T.J.;Ch Ennis, [8] K.M.;DelaRosa, Abramovitz,A.;Smedley, F.;Moriconi, [7] ] Seyed Majid Madani,Mehrdad Seyed Rostami, ] Systems, Vol.46, pp. 2013. 49-55, International Journal of E dual-functional bridgetype FCLtorestorePCC voltage, 810-815, 2013. Electrical Power &Energy Systems, Vol.44, Issue 1, pp. presence ofasynchronous DGs, preservation of over-current relays coordination in A novelapproachtoincr Smart Grid,vol.4, no.2, 2013. pp.1188-1196, Wind-Turbine Power Generation," IEEETransactionson Solid StateFaultCurrentLimiter onPower Network with vol.24, no.3, 2009. pp.613-619, Currents," IEEE Transactions onPower Electronics, Current Limiter with Controlling theMagnitudes ofFault pp.1-5, 2006. IPEMC 2006.CES/IEEE5thInt Power ElectronicsandMotion Control Conference,2006. Half-controlled FaultCurrent BridgeType Limiter," 345 pp. 6, Issue 6, Vol. Y- Current Limiter Based on ThreePhase Diode Bridge for G.B.Gharehpetian and Reza Hagh Maram, 2009. Distribution Conference & PacificTransmissionKorean Power System,"Asiaand & "Application of bus-tie HTS-FCLon154kVbuses in the no.4, pp.2177-2185, 2009. Faults," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol.24, ofCharacteristics High-VoltageCBsDuringOut-of-Phase "Impact of theInductive Energy Systems, vol.33,Issue3, 2011. pp.731-736, breaker, International Journal of ElectricalPower & with bussectionalizingimpedance combined circuit vol.23,no.4, 2008.Power pp.2068-2078, Delivery, Three-Phase Power Systems," IEEETransactionson Bridge-Type FCL Based on DevicesforSelf-Turnoff Vol. 95, February2013. No.2,pp. 1-8, Transformers", ElectricPower Systems Research (EPSR), InrushBridge Type Current Limiter for Primary Grounded G.B.Gharehpetian and Reza"Improved HaghMaram, pp.2538-2546, 2013. Transactions on IndustrialElectronics,vol.60,no.7, "Parallel-Resonance-Type 2001. Applied Superconductivity, vol.11, no.1, pp.2050-2053, reactor,"BSCCO-shielded-core IEEETransactions on current limiter-predominantly resistive behavior ofa vol.28,no.3, 2013.Power pp.1271-1279, Delivery, Core HTS FaultCurrent Limite of F., "PrototypingandTesting a 15kV/1.2kA Saturable pp.1114-1117, 2010. Transactions on vol.20,no.3, AppliedSuperconductivity, Electric Distribution Network inKorea," IEEE g Transformers” yg , IETElectric Power Applications, – 352, Nov. 2012. Fault CurrentLimiter,"IEEE lectrical Power & Energy Exposition, pp.1-4, 26-30, Exposition, pp.1-4, ease FCL application in ease FCLapplication FCL on theInterrupting a, Y.S.;Hull,J.R., "Fault r," IEEETransactionson InternationalJournal of ernational, vol.2, no., ernational, vol.2, “Inrush 2]C.S. Chang,P.C. Loh,Integration offault current limiters [22] Amir Heidary, Hamid Radmanesh,Seyed Hamid Fathi [21] 83 Electric Power Systems Research, vol.57, Issue2,5pp. forvoltage on powersystems quality improvement, Sciences, Applied of 2012. Journal Engineering and Technology vo.4, no.23, pp.5123-5128, Research Limiter”, Current usingbreakerFault of circuit voltageRecovery Khamse,” Rajabi Reza Hamid and 1396 -92, 2001
ن زﻣﺴﺘﺎ
- م ﭼﻬﺎر
ﺷﻤﺎره
- ﭼﻬﺎردﻫﻢ
ﺳﺎل
- اﯾﺮان ImprovingTransient
اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ
و
ﺑﺮق
ﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯿ
اﻧﺠﻤﻦ
ﻣﺠﻠﻪ
Journal of Iranian Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Vol.14- No.4 Winter 2017