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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title NEW RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES OF IRIDIUM Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95n3b2n8 Author Chu, T.C. Publication Date 1950-03-03 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UCRL t:z(.; /· :t UNClASSifiED UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Dioision, Ext. 5545 BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA lr:.·.,, . DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or the Regents of the University of California. (. 0 P't 2... U~~CL~SSdFIED UCRL-624 Unclassified Distribution UJ:HVERSI TY OF CALI FOIDITA Radiation Laboratory ., Contract No. Yv-7405-eng-48 NEVI RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES OF IRIDIUM T. c. Chu .. March 31 1950 ., Berkeley1 California Unclassified Distribution INSTALlATION No. of Copies Argonne National Laboratory 8 Armed Forces Special Weapons Froject 1 Atomic Energy Commission$ Washington 2 Battelle Memorial Institute 1 Brookhaven National Laboratory 8 Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 1 Bureau of Ships 1 \Carbide &: Carbon Chemicals Corp .. (K-25) 4 Carbide &: Carbon Chemicals Corpo (Y-12) 4 i Chicago Operations Office 1 Cleveland Area Office 1 Columbia University (Dunning} 2 Columbia University (Failla) 1 Dow Chemical Company 1 General Electric Company 9 Richland 6 Idaho Operations Office 1 Iowa State College 2 Kansas City 1 . Kellex Corporation 2 Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory 4 Los Alamos 3 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Gaudin) 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Kaufmann) 1 Mound Laboratory 3 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 2 National Bureau of Standards 2 Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory 2 NEPA.•Froject 2 New Brunswick Laboratory 1 New York Operations Office 3 North American AviationD Inc., 1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory 8 Patent Advisor, Washington 1 Rand Corporation 1 Sandia.Base 1 Sylvania Electric Productsg Inco 1 Technical Information Branch 9 ORE 15 Uo S., Public Health Service 1 UCLA. Medical Resea~ch Laboratory (Warren) 1 University of California Radiation Laboratory 5 University of Rochester 2 University of Washington 1 Western Reserve University (Friedell) 2 Westinghouse 4 Total 117 Information Division Radiation Laboratory Univo of California Berkeley~ California NEW RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES OF IRIDIUM Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley, Califorr~a March 3~ 1950 Abstract Four new isotopes of iridium have been prepared by bombarding isotope= \ enriched rhenium as well as natural rhenium with alpha=particles, and osmium with deuterons. Three of them have been identified as followsg Type of Energy of Radiation(Mev) Isotone Half=life Radiation Particle Y-raxs Produced by 1L8h L.l' K x-rays Re (a 2n) 1.3 Rel8~(a~2n) =-------------------------=-----=-----·--------------~O~s~(d~,~J~n)~---- 41.5'n Re (a.,n) (a, 3n) Rel87 (a~ Jn) Os(d22n), {d 22n) ~+ 1 .. 7 Re (a.lln) e~ Oo2,0o8 Rel8'7 (a, n) Os(d 3n), (d,2n) The 3.2h period is an isomer of the 12.6 d rr1900 Another weak activity, possibly rr18 9~ of more than 100 days half=life has been " observed. Four daughter activities of iridium (9.5 m,6h~ 35h and ca. 50=day radio~ osmium) have been found, and their possible genetic relations discussed. A rhenium activity of ca. 1 hr half=life has been noticed in the Os + 19 Mev deuteron experiment. UCRL=624 Fage 4 Io Introduction The previous work on this element, iridium,has resulted in the observation ~· of a number of radioactive isotopes. (l) However~ on the neutron deficient side of the (1) G. To Seaberg and L Perlman, Rev. Mod. Phys. ZQ, 585 (1948). ----------~-------------------~.--------------------------~--------------------- 2 stable isotopes only one period has been reported. ( ) The isot9pe chart shows that (2) L. Jo Goodman and M. L. Pool, Phys. Rev. 70, 112 (1946); 71, 288 (1947). the following mass numbers of Ir~186, 187, 188, 189 and 190 can be produced Q1 8 (a,n), (a,2n), and (a1 3n) reactions on rhenium~ which has two stable isotopes~ Rel 5 187 and Re , of relative abundance 38.2% and 61.8% respectivelyo Using the 60-inch cyclotron at the Crocker Laboratory, this attractive field was investigated. Enriched rhenium isotopes and spongy osmium were also used in confirmatory work concerning the reactions and the mass assignments of the productso Table I Isotopic Compositions of Rhenium Samples Isotope Natural Rhenium "Re 185" * "Re 187"* 185 38 .. 2 85.38 lo78 187 61..8 J.4e62 98e22 ·~ . * Obtained from Carbide and Carbon Co., Chemistry Div., Oak Ridge, Tenn. .., UCRL=624 Page 5 IIo Experimental ... Bombardments of rhenium with 38-Mev helium ions and of osmium with 19-Mev deuterons were made in the 60-ineh eyclotrono Metallic rhenium powder (100 mgo) was ~,mounted on a copper target plate and covered with Oo2 mil tantalum foile In the ease of osmium, samples of the spongy metal were bombarded on' a water-cooled platinum •interceptor$ also using 0 0 2 mil Ta foil to protect the powdero Experiments with low energy a-particles were made by placing a suitable thickness of Ta foil over the target to act as an absorbero (Calculated from range=energy chart for ~vs drawn from the data of Aron, Hoffman and Williams}o After bombardment, the rhenium target was dissolved in dilute nitric acid, and the osmium in aqua regia, in an all=glass distilling flasko Chemical separations were made after the addition of proper inactive earrierso Osmium was separated by distillation of the volatile tetroxide followed by precipitation of the sulfide with sodium thiosulfateo The mother liquor was evaporated to dryness and then taken up with watero Iridium was reduced to the metal by formic acid in hot solutiono After removal of these elements, rhenium was finally precipitated as the sulfide with sodium thiosulfateo "End on 11 type argon-ethanol filled Geiger counters with approximately 3 mg/cm2 mica windows were used throughout the experimento Coincidence and geometrical cor= rections have been applied to all the countso Variations in counter efficiency were checked by a standardo A beta-ray spectrometer of low=resolving power was used ux2 ··to differentiate the positrons and the beta-particleso Radiation characteristics were studied by using beryllium, aluminum and lead ·~ absorberso Electron and soft electromagnetic radiations were distinguished by their ~ifferential absorption in alumim1m and berylliumo {J) The average energy of L x-rays (3) Go Wilkinson, Physo Revo ]2,, 1019 (1949) UCRL-624 page 6 this region ~s of the order of 9 Kev with an absorption half-thickness in beryllium ~f 700 mg/cm2o For the lead absorption, lead screens were used with beryllium absorbers, .place~below and above the lead~of sufficient thickness to remove all the electrons from the sample and the secondary electrons emitted from the lead, respectivelyo The ratios of electrons and the electromagnetic radiations wer~ determined with due corrections for counter window and air gap absorptions of electrons as well as fQr counting efficiencies of quantum radiationso Thus' for the L x-rays a counting efficiency of 5% was assumed, for Y=rays from 20 Kev to less than 500 Kev, Oo5%, from 500 Kev to 1 Mev, 1%, etco Cross sections were calculated for thin· sampleso The total beam current to the target was integrated by the cyclotron instrumentso In these calculations the relative values should be more correct,than the absolute values. IIIo Results Four half-lives, 3o2 ± o2 hour, llog ! o3 hour, 41o5 ± o5 hour and 12o6 ~ o3 day were observed in the iridium fraction separated from rhenium bombarded with 3G-Mev helium ionso The first three isotopes emitted positive electrons (Figo l)o A 19-Mev deuteron bombardment on osmium gave the above mentioned activities and the well known 75-day 192 Ir as the major producto One additional weak period of more than lDO days was observed in the iridium fraction from rhenium bombarded with approximately 40-Mev a-particles in the 1S4=inch cyclotron, but it was not studied in detailo The relative yields of the activities obtained by varying the energy of the impinging alpha-particles are shown in Table II and Figo 2o ( UCRL-624 Page 6a '·· j Fig. 1 Decav of Positrons of Radioactive Iridium (A) 41.5 h Ir188 from enriched 11 Re 18711 + 32-Mev a-particles. 188 (B) 11.8 h rr1B7 and 41.5 h Ir from 11 Re 185" + 32~Mev a. (C) 3.2 h Ir190 and 4L5 h Ir188 from "Re 187 11 + 22-Mev a. u ai >- 1- "> 1- u <t 10 DAYS FIG. 1 Mu 76 t4655"1 UCRL-624 Page 7 Table II Relative Yields of the Radioiridium at Various a-energies Sample Impinging a-energy 3.2 hr. llo8 hr. 41.5 hr. 12.6 d. " Natural 21 Mev 14.8 5.9 36 .
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