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Campscapes': Palestinian Refugee Camps and Informal Settlements In
Political Geography 44 (2015) 9e18 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Political Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/polgeo From spaces of exception to ‘campscapes’: Palestinian refugee camps and informal settlements in Beirut * Diana Martin Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Wilcocks Building, Ryneveld Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa article info abstract Article history: The recent literature on the refugee condition and spaces has heavily drawn on Agamben's reflection on Available online 16 October 2014 ‘bare life’ and the ‘camp’. As refugees are cast out the normal juridical order, their lives are confined to refugee camps, biopolitical spaces that allow for the separation of the alien from the nation. But is the Keywords: camp the only spatial device that separates qualified and expendable lives? What happens when the Space of exception space of the camp overlaps with the space of the city? Taking the Palestinian refugee camp of Shatila in Refugee camp Beirut as a case, this study problematises the utilisation of legal prisms and clear-cut distinctions for the Informal settlements understanding of the production of bare life and spaces of exception. Isolated at the time of its estab- Palestinian refugees ‘ ’ fl Lebanon lishment, Shatila is today part of the so-called misery belt . Physical continuities are also re ected by the distribution of the population as both Palestinians and non-Palestinians, including Lebanese, live in Shatila and the surrounding informal settlements. As physical and symbolic boundaries separating the refugee and the citizen blur, I argue that the exception is not only produced through law and its sus- pension. -
The Palestinian Refugee Issue
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 238 Israeli-Lebanese Negotiations: The Palestinian Refugee Issue Dec 28, 1999 Brief Analysis yrian foreign minister Faruq al-Shara's recent announcement that Damascus and Beirut will sign peace S treaties with Israel together is not surprising, considering Syria's hegemony in Lebanon. But while Israel, Syria, and the United States have expressed guarded optimism about the latest resumption of peace talks, Lebanon has been more reserved in its enthusiasm. This is mainly due to its concern over the final disposition of the Palestinian refugees living in Lebanon. Hostile Minority Under Siege According to United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) figures, there are approximately 350,000 Palestinian refugees in Lebanon (about 9 percent of the country's total resident population). The refugees have long been viewed with suspicion by their Lebanese hosts, who cite the delicate sectarian balance in the country, heavy Palestinian involvement in the Lebanese civil war, and the military attacks that provoked the Israeli invasions of 1978 and 1982, as justification for their spurning of the refugees. Although no national census has been held in decades, available evidence indicates that the country is 70 percent Muslim and 30 percent Christian. The longstanding conflict between and among the various Muslim and Christian sects led to the explosion of the Lebanese civil war of 1975-89. Their differences--papered over in the 1989 Ta'if agreement which is designed to guarantee representation of each group and subgroup in specific positions in the government–remain pronounced. The Lebanese government rejects the integration of the refugees into the country, largely because it would upset whatever balance exists between religious and ethnic communities. -
Women in Palestinian Refugee Camps: Case Studies from Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine
The Atkin Paper Series Women in Palestinian Refugee Camps: Case Studies from Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine Manar Faraj ICSR Atkin Fellow June 2015 About the Atkin Paper Series To be a refugee is hard, but to be a woman and a refugee is the hardest Thanks to the generosity of the Atkin Foundation, the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) offers young leaders from Israel of all and the Arab world the opportunity to come to London for a period of four months. The purpose of the fellowship is to provide young leaders from Israel and the Arab he aim of this paper is to take the reader on a journey into the lived world with an opportunity to develop their ideas on how to further peace and experiences of Palestinian refugee women, in several stages. First, I offer understanding in the Middle East through research, debate and constructive dialogue Tan introduction to the historical roots and struggles of Palestinian refugee in a neutral political environment. The end result is a policy paper that will provide a women. This is followed by case studies drawn from my field research in refugee deeper understanding and a new perspective on a specific topic or event. camps in Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan. The third part of the paper includes recommendations for improving the participation of refugee women in the social Author and political arenas of these refugee camps. Three main questions have driven the Manar Faraj is from the Dhiesheh Refugee Camp, Bethlehem, Palestine. She is research for this paper: What is the role of women in the refugee camps? What currently a PhD candidate at Jena Univserity. -
The Making of a Leftist Milieu: Anti-Colonialism, Anti-Fascism, and the Political Engagement of Intellectuals in Mandate Lebanon, 1920- 1948
THE MAKING OF A LEFTIST MILIEU: ANTI-COLONIALISM, ANTI-FASCISM, AND THE POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUALS IN MANDATE LEBANON, 1920- 1948. A dissertation presented By Sana Tannoury Karam to The Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the field of History Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts December 2017 1 THE MAKING OF A LEFTIST MILIEU: ANTI-COLONIALISM, ANTI-FASCISM, AND THE POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUALS IN MANDATE LEBANON, 1920- 1948. A dissertation presented By Sana Tannoury Karam ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University December 2017 2 This dissertation is an intellectual and cultural history of an invisible generation of leftists that were active in Lebanon, and more generally in the Levant, between the years 1920 and 1948. It chronicles the foundation and development of this intellectual milieu within the political Left, and how intellectuals interpreted leftist principles and struggled to maintain a fluid, ideologically non-rigid space, in which they incorporated an array of ideas and affinities, and formulated their own distinct worldviews. More broadly, this study is concerned with how intellectuals in the post-World War One period engaged with the political sphere and negotiated their presence within new structures of power. It explains the social, political, as well as personal contexts that prompted intellectuals embrace certain ideas. Using periodicals, personal papers, memoirs, and collections of primary material produced by this milieu, this dissertation argues that leftist intellectuals pushed to politicize the role and figure of the ‘intellectual’. -
Understanding the Rise of the Lebanese Hezbollah
A report on recent developments in the Middle East and the Muslim world nderstanding the Rise of the Lebanese UHezbollah The 1985–2000 South Lebanon Security Zone Conflict Introduction The fruit of foreign interference in Lebanon: Hezbollah emerges The “Party of God” navigates troubled domestic waters Hezbollah’s military performance in south Lebanon: Resilience and hybrid warfare Conclusion Jumada I - II, 1437 23 February - March, 2016 © KFCRIS, 2016 This edition of Masarat is the latest publication of the King Faisal Research Center's new initiative: The Middle East Strategy Project. The aim of this project is to conduct in-depth research and analysis that falls within the scope of regional grand strategy of security and defense. In light of the recent ISSN: 1658-6972 events in the Syrian Arab Republic, the study will focus on Issue No. 23 - 07/04/2016 examining the ongoing turmoil, study the resulting regional L.D. No: 1437/2868 repercussions unfolding across the Levant, and analyze the policy objectives of the local, sub-state, and international actors. February - March, 2016 - Jumada I - II, 1437 3 hile pundits attribute the Damascene Wregime’s resilience in the ongoing Syrian conflict largely to the Russian intervention since September 2015, the sudden emergence of the Lebanese Hezbollah on Syrian turf since 2013 has arguably proven to be no less valuable for Bashar al-Assad’s continuous grip on power. This report showcases, by virtue of a case study, a detailed account of Hezbollah’s internal adaptability in transforming from a loose Khomeinist guerilla movement in its early stages into a “state within a state” in Lebanon. -
The Plight of Palestinian Refugees in Syria in the Camps South of Damascus by Metwaly Abo Naser, with the Support of Ryme Katkhouda and Devorah Hill
Expert Analysis January 2017 Syrian voices on the Syrian conflict: The plight of Palestinian refugees in Syria in the camps south of Damascus By Metwaly Abo Naser, with the support of Ryme Katkhouda and Devorah Hill Introduction: the historical role of Palestinians the Oslo Accords in 1992 and the resulting loss by both the in Syria Palestinian diaspora in general and the inhabitants of the After they took refuge in Syria after the 1948 war, al-Yarmouk refugee camp in particular of their position as Palestinians refugees were treated in the same way as a key source of both material and ideological support for other Syrian citizens. Their numbers eventually reached the Palestinian armed revolution in the diaspora. This was 450,000, living mostly in 11 refugee camps throughout Syria due in part to the failure of the various Palestinian national (UNRWA, 2006). Permitted to fully participate in the liberation factions to identify new ways of engaging the economic and social life of Syrian society, they had the diaspora – including the half million Palestinians living in same civic and economic rights and duties as Syrians, Syria – in the Palestinian struggle for the liberation of the except that they could neither be nominated for political land occupied by Israel. office nor participate in elections. This helped them to feel that they were part of Syrian society, despite their refugee This process happened slowly. After the Israeli blockade of status and active role in the global Palestinian liberation Lebanon in 1982, the Palestinian militant struggle declined. struggle against the Israeli occupation of their homeland. -
The Lebanon Country of Origin Information Report July 2006
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT THE LEBANON JULY 2006 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE JULY 2006 THE LEBANON Contents 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT................................................................................1.01 2. GEOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................2.01 Map of Lebanon........................................................................................2.04 3. ECONOMY ..................................................................................................3.01 4. HISTORY ....................................................................................................4.01 1975 – 2005: Civil war; Israeli occupations; Syrian occupation.........4.01 Syrian withdrawal: April – May 2005.....................................................4.06 Elections: May – June 2005 ...................................................................4.09 Other recent events: 2005-2006.............................................................4.12 5. STATE STRUCTURES ..................................................................................5.01 The Constitution .....................................................................................5.01 The Taif (Ta’if/Taef) Agreement...........................................................5.02 Citizenship and nationality ...................................................................5.03 Kurds ...............................................................................................5.05 -
A Staircase in Nahr El Bared the Future of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon
BRIEFING PAPER October 2010 A STAIRCASE IN NAHR EL BARED THE FUTURE OF PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN LEBANON EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LEBANON’S RELATIONS WITH Palestinian refugees, one not primarily between Lebanese and Palestinian positions; of the most sensitive issues in the country, was put at the rather, one of the main sources of tension is over the on- forefront of parliamentary and public debates on June 15, going peace process between the PLO and Israel. Both 2010, when a series of legislative proposals were presented Lebanese and Palestinian actors are split over whether to to re-examine the refugees’ legal status and to resolve the support negotiations with Israel or whether to advocate issues surrounding their civil rights.1 It was the culmination resistance to Israel. The main variable impacting the status of a national discussion that began in 2005, in which a new of the Palestinians in Lebanon, over which local actors have atmosphere advocating the examination of the refugee issues very little control, is the outcome of the Middle East Peace started to emerge. Process—in particular, whether it will impose a permanent settlement of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon (known as The fact that on August 17th the Lebanese parliament “tawteen”), which is prohibited by the Lebanese constitution. managed to pass amendments facilitating the refugees’ access to the labor market is a positive indication that the Lebanese Given the complexity of the situation, the issues that are under society and its political establishment have put the period the control of local players—such as civil rights—must be of the civil war behind them and are able to tackle such a isolated in order to be properly addressed. -
Kent Academic Repository Full Text Document (Pdf)
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Hassouneh, Nadine (2015) (Re)tuning Statelessness. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/55209/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html (Re)tuning*Statelessness** ! Academic(knowledge(production(on(Palestine(and(its(people(has(been(very(resonant(for( decades.(Yet,(and(despite(the(high(frequency(of(production,(some(aspects(of(Palestine( and( Palestinians( have( not( been(investigated(nor(brought(together(thus(far.((This( composition( fuses( three( reverberations( that( accompany( Palestinians( living( away( from( their(homeland:(statelessness,(diasporisation,(and((de)mobilisation.(The(dissertation(is( -
Lebanon's Palestinian Refugee Camps
NURTURING INSTABILITY: LEBANON’S PALESTINIAN REFUGEE CAMPS Middle East Report N°84 – 19 February 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION: THE PALESTINIAN PRESENCE IN LEBANON ..................... 1 A. MULTIPLICITY OF ACTORS AND CAMPS ........................................................................................1 1. Main political actors.................................................................................................................1 2. Palestinian refugees and camps ................................................................................................1 II. THE EVOLUTION OF LEBANESE-PALESTINIAN RELATIONS......................... 4 A. OPEN WARFARE (1969-1990).......................................................................................................4 B. THE POST-WAR YEARS (1990-2004).............................................................................................6 C. 2004-2005: TURNING POINT OR DEAD END? ................................................................................7 1. UNSCR 1559...........................................................................................................................7 2. The Lebanese-Palestinian Dialogue Committee........................................................................9 3. Nahr al-Bared: a difficult test case..........................................................................................11 D. THE REFUGEES’ PRECARIOUS -
Life in Limbo
1 Executive Summary Introduction Historical context and definitions: refugees vs. IDPs vs. migrants On the media radar: ‘boat people’ Lebanon: Ground Zero for the Refugee Debate Palestinians of Lebanon: ‘The forgotten people’ A tale of two Lebanese youth and their ‘awakening’ Education Employment Two Palestinian women insist on the right to work Health care Filling in the gaps in social services Life in the camps From Nahr Al-Bared to Ayn Al-Hilweh: Camps and insurgency The Syrian Influx Syrian Palestinians: Displaced twice-over Two Syrian Palestinians: Fleeing from one hot spot to another Syrian refugees and the UNHCR Shelter From farming to chicken coops Education Are American companies attempting to turn aid into profit? Employment Syrian refugees: employed, but struggling Health care The Way Forward: Toward a More Humane Refugee Policy Recommendations Sonbola: Syrians empowering Syrians through education Plan from the ‘bottom up’ instead of ‘top down’ The special case of the Palestinians: Restore their human rights Recommendation 2 Executive Summary There is no debate about the magnitude of the refugee crisis the world now faces. In its 2014 global-trends report, “World at War,” the UN High Commissioner of Human Rights (UNHCR) warned that the last year has seen the highest number of forcibly displaced people since it began keeping records. “We are witnessing a paradigm change, an unchecked slide into an era in which the scale of global forced displacement as well as the response required is now clearly dwarfing anything seen before,” said Antonio Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Most of the ensuing discussion has focused on the immediate crisis of the moment: how to stop smugglers, which countries should accept how many asylum seekers, how host countries can better cope with the influx, how much money is needed from donor countries. -
Boundaries and Political Agency of Palestinian Refugee Camps in Lebanon Zeinab Amiri Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 Boundaries and political agency of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon Zeinab Amiri Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Architecture Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Amiri, Zeinab, "Boundaries and political agency of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15655. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15655 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Boundaries and political agency of Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon by Zeinab Amiri A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Architecture Program of Study Committee: Marwan Ghandour, Major Professor Ross Exo Adams Nell Gabiam Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Zeinab Amiri, 2016. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................