CARIBBEAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE ~~~
SILVER AND PEWTER
Recovered from the Sunken City of Port Royal, Jamaica
May 1 , 1966 - March 31 , 1968
Robert F . Marx - August, 1971
By Arrangement with theo Jamaica Na ~ iona l Trust Com:nissior: Kingston, Jamaica SILVER AND PEWTER ITEMS RECOVERED FROM THE SUNKEN CITY OF PORT ROYAI;.: MAY 1, 1966 - MARCH 31,· 1968 i i ' By
Robert F. Marx
Published·By the Caribbean Research Institute, College of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, U.S . Virgin Islands, August 1971.
l
CONTENTS I. Preface II. Hi story of the Site III. Excavation of the Site IV. Observations on the Silver and Pewterware V. Owner's Initials VI. Preservation of Silver and Pewter'Ware VII. References VIII. Bibliography IX. Drawings nf the Silver and Pewterware I . PREFACE
'l'he following is a preliHinarv report on tbe silver and I;'ewteri¥are from the sunken city of Port._qoyal, Jamaica. , uhich were recovered during the f)eriod o:f ~ 1 3.Y 1, 1966 to •· ~arct 31, 1!360, when the ~rogran of excavation c a!·11e to a halt for an indefinite period of ti~e . Other reports covering the excava tion of the site and the different types of artifacts recovered fror·1. the site have already been published , and s everal more are. still in preparation.
For the identification and datinc.:; of tI1e i tens covered in this report, I obtained the assistance of experts on silver and pewteX"111are fron the Guildhall :'!useura, London :--J.useun, Pritish : lus eum and the Victorian Albert ~~ useum g all of London, En~Ilancl. I especially owe a great deal of thanks to •· :r. 1:: .F. '1icha.elis of the Loncl.on '.·luseum, who gave Pe the most assif)tance in prepa1> ing· this report, and to Tlrs . Gloria Gilchrist, of London p t11ho assisted in making most of the dra\vings.
Robert F o ·1arx Satellite Beach, Florida Octoher, 1969
II. HISTORY OF THE SITE
Port Royal and the large harbor it protects, al thougj:. one of the finest in the Pest Indies, had little i~:.1portance ir.. the history of Spanish Jamaica, since the Spanish colonists had scarcely any commerce to speak of. They l ocated a snall nort, called Puerto de Caguava, at the nouth of t he Rio Cobre, on the northwest side of the harbor. Port Roval it'3elf was called cuvo de Carena (Careening Cay) by the Spaniards and used only, as the name suggests, as a place for careening and r e fitting the occas ionRl ship that visited the virtually forgotten colony (1).
After the En0lish captured Jamaica in 1655p they quickly recognized the corrm1ercial and r:lili t a.ry strategic v alue of Port Hoyal. The Royal Navy first made use of Port :toy al c1ur in9 the time of the invasion and, after the Spaniards were rout· ed , they were followed by the Army which s tationed troops the re cmd quickly hegan to fortify the site. In the years 1655-1660, t b.e English used Port ~oyal as a base frm:.. ;.-; ~-iich thay rn.ade nany successful raids against Spanish shi;:iping and settleI!l.ents. 'I'hen, Hh.en the J:12onarchy was restored. in Bngland in 16fi0, a.11 of t he naval forces and most of the soldiers ~1ere recalled, anc1 Port Royal became of priraary importance as a base for the buccaneers, such as Eenry I'·J.organ and scores of others of lesser fame. Phen Gpain and England made peace in 1670, all privateering con'mis~ nions were recalled and Port :~oyal' s inhahi tants had to f i nd ne~-; occupations.
From the early beginnings as a purely military s i te, :t?ort Royal had quickly become a bustling c ivilian settle?"·'ler:t. T ~i thin a few years, the snall cay was so j armned with houses and other buildings that it was necessary to fill in the marshy are a separating Port Royal from the Palisadoes (a long lm•I c;and.:: r.)i t projecting out from the island and enclosinq what is known as X(ingston Harbor) to provide more room for e xpan s ion. The -t~m foundations of t hi s rap i d growth were plunder and contra.band . As soon as the f leet began to c arr y out s uccessful raids on the Spani ards from its base in Port Royal, merchants started to f lock the re from England and other colonies in Horth Ame r ica. and t he :·Jest Indies to trade in the booty taken from the Srya!l iards. The merchants a lso obtained money by more peacefu l me an:=: --- contraband trade o Spain claimed , but could not enforce, an e xclus ive monopoly on trade with her !.:Jew norld colonies and. , a fte r the destruction of t wo treas ure f l eets i n 1656 and 1657, Snain ' s comme rce with her colonies c ame to a halt. With Sn ai.n unabl e to satisfy he r colonists I demands for European prod~tc tu , the English at Port noyal wer e happy to do so - - at a handsome profit. Although much less glamorous tha n pirac y , the cont.ra· band trade actually brought more wealth to Engl a nd o By the ti ~'.te of the earthquake in 1 692, J? ort Royal had
1:.: een transforned, in a feN c~ ecades 1 from a deserted cav to the ,;:;ost ir:iportant trading center in the Hew r.·Jorld. The spacious :!.arbor 't!clS ah.rays crrnq(l.ed with shipping and the anount and vari-· (od:y of goods that passed over its uharves <:·rere astonishing·: Jali1aica' s mm export products to England an0. Horth Anerica ''?ere :.:i..a inly f.. · :~:· ::: , nolasses, rum, indigo, cotton, tobacco, gin'}2::., all·· ..._ _ _ spice, mahogany and dym,mods ;: as well as the i terns they o b tain- ··----·--.. -e..d. through their contraband trade with the Spaniards, such as g-o ld p silver, ::=>recious stones, pearls and various agricultural ?roducts . ~·lost of Jamaica ' s inports came froa England b ut small- "2.r anounts a lso cru:ae from Ireland and ~Jorth A.c~.erica. rrhe b ull: .... ---- - ::;.:[ tl1e imp orts fror:. England and Ireland consisted of manuf actur- / 2J goods and other products from Europe destined for local use ci.nc:J tzaci.e u i th the Spaniarc1,s. Large t:rumbers of i:Jegro slaves Y''t-: .'!:''"~ also b roug!'!t frm1 Africa, both for local use and for selling t "" tile Spaniards •
I!'ror:i. an unpublished document uri tten in 16 8 f3 ··-· knmm ::1 ::: the ··rz'ay lor ~anuscript " ,._ _ ~Hhich is now in the possession of th~ I::-istitute of Jru".laica (2 ), ue have a fairl y detaile c.1- descrip~ ::- :L ·->11 of Port T~oyal shortly before the 1692 disaster. The town consisted .of. two .th.ousan.cl. .b uilO.ings., the ~ajority of l•lhich wer e O'.\.::t.C.e of b rick and r·1any were two or more stories hi0h . 'I'he popu··· 'i.3 t.ion ~,1as about e ight thousand and, although :most contemporary ... i, ~;c ·::mnts claim that the vast najori ty of the inhal::i i tants were :·.. .. x1less !\'\en," there u ere several different Protestant churches (including t~·r o Quaker meeting houses) , a Roman Catholic chapel, ;::·.nd a Jel,7ish synagogue" 'I'he wharves, warehouses and hor:ies of th<': veal thy aerchants v.rere located on the harbor v or north , side Gf tovm ? where the l:!ater was deep enough for ships of large ton· ~1age to tie up right against the shore. 'l'hree large forts ·- Cha.rles, Jar1es and Carlisle (the latter two sank during the earthquake) -- as well as several smaller batteries, protected !:.hs town. rrhere were three markets ; a produce r:iarket situated ln t.he center of the tm-m, and the fish and meat markets locat<.:! d ,::;; '(. the waterts edge on the western tip of Port Royal. The most 1 o i.:;tstanding huildings ·were the :r~ing s House 1 where the Island :~; e;,ye,:1cil m:~t:: the Governor's House; St. Paul's Church (..?\nglican) ;' 1-he Exchange, the center for the town's main business transactionE" t.he n arshallsea, which was :a prison for men 1 and 3ridewell, a p::i:. i s on for women.
At twenty minutes before noon on June 7, 1692, Port T.°~' -~:.ra l was s trucl: by the first of three strong treI!lors . The l a st o ~-::7; \'Jas the most violent and was quickly follm·1ed bv a tidal \'lr.?.v.r<_) . \!i t !1 in a matter of minutes; nine:.:. tenths of t he city h a d e :.ti:1e r sunk or slid into the sea and no more than ten acres o f l .:: ,:nd rer~. ained out of the uater by the end of the day. Port :loyal l'la~3 once again a cay, separateC. from the Palisadoes . 1 ·'ore than .2p '.) fiC• lives were lost that day and , l1!ithin a month , a!1 ci.ddition J.1 3, OOO persons died in epider.iics that followed the disaster.
Except for a numher of men who immediately began :>. -::-:~,:, · ing out salvage operations on the sub1,1er ged builc.'l. in~rs in , ;?0S of recovering some of the great amount of 'l:Jealth which went (:'. ~"' '1 ui.t.h the buildings, the majority of the survivors moved 3.c:,.: cr..:s the harbor and built the town of Kingston. However, vi t h i.n. R few months after the dis - III. EXCAVli~rIOH OF TE:;:; SITE ·rhe site itself is far from being an archaeologist's dream. Over the centuries, since the initial disaster, the site has been seriously disturbed by both nature and man. Subsequent earthquakes, as well as nany different hurricanes, have greatly altered the sea floor. Probably the most serious disturbance has been caused by the hundreds of ships which have anchored over this site and, in dragging their anchors, have plowed up a great part of the sea floor. During the course of my preliminary sur vey of the site (January - l\pril, 1966) and subsequent excavations, Pe have discovered that the stratigraphical context of the site left a great deal to be desired. On many occasions, nineteenth and t·hrentieth centurv i te!.:W have been found uno.erneath artifacts dating fron the period of the 1692 cUsaster. Furthermore, the site has been us.eel, and is still being used, as a refuse du.rnp, i;-1hich has nade dating of the recovered artifacts more difficult. ·.~·!e have had to rely almost entirely on hall marks and touch marks on silver and TJewter and cross reference (our finds) t-ri th al- reac~y cated. artifacts from other sites. In cases l,1l1ere arti- fa.cts were found under fallen walls of buildings ·w ~'lich sank in the 1Gg2 disaster, dating seened easy but ~ven this was not al \la.~rs foolproof: as i'Yl.ariy waiis of the old buildings Here still col- 19-rsirtg as late as the 1907 ea.:tthtjuake. ri'his also applies to clay smoking- pipes which, with the exception of ceramic shreds ci.nd :t•ones u constitute the largest number of any single type of artifact found on the site (3). Other fat.:!tors which ,made At the time the excavation was to begin, a proposal " !a.t:: maue to the Jamaican Government by a group of international financiers for the develop~ent of present-day Port ~oyal into a major tourist center and, included in the proposal, was the con struction of a deep-water port for cruise ships off the western tip of Port Raval. l\t that time, and until recently, it ,.ras be lieved that dredging operations would have to be und.ertaken on a portion of the site and, for that reason, it was decided that ou:!'." e}wavations should be unclertaken in that threatene0 area .. Before beginning the excavations, ·we learned from con temporary documents that not only was this area of I!tinor impor tance in relation to the site as a v.rhole but also that most of the salvage operations undertaken on the site, right after the disaster anc:. for several decaues that followed, v.rere confined to this areau since it was quite shallow and most of the roofs of the buildings remained above water for years, making it easy for salvors to recover i ter:is. The area between Fort James anc1. Fort Carlisle, which was where all the wealthy rn.erchants lived and ha Du.:;_·ing the ove rall excavation, Ne estimate that we ex cavated ~:>etween t~Jenty a nd thirty buildings but this estia ate is no r,1ore than an e d ucated quess. Onlv three buildings have been found intact. ':!:'he ?OSi tions of the rer,mining segrnents -~ erect or fallen sing lo wal.J.s o::- 9 ortions of theE1 and v nore rarely v two ualls joined at :ci9ht anr_::rle.s -- have been ploi~. ted 1 but it is not ahrn.ys possib l e to dc t Gr:,1ine to whic':.1 buil0in :·:'.ol reve r, w;:; h a ve bee n able to determine ·what some of the buildinge we r e u s e~ f or from the type of artifacts found in certain areas ; r.1s we:l as the i c1-enti ty of th.e m,rners from initials fou_Yld on silv.::?r anc-1 p~i1;tertvare. ~!e knm·r tha.t we have located b ,-10 1 tur:tle cra'V1lc: 9 tlle f'is~1 an.cl. ro.eat markets, t1;-10 taverns: a cobbler s 1 sh o;_:> v a car;;e:nte r i s shop and p ossibly a peF terer: s or silversmith s nhop. 'I'he other builcl_inqs we believe were orivate homes / at least the.?. Da -C.ure Of the e.r'i.:ifacts found SeE".ra to indicate this• 'l'wo shipwrecks da·cing fron the tir1e of t::2 1692 disaster, anc~ anothe r ~.) eli e vE.:d to have sunk in 1722, have also been located in th?. area al:::-e.2.0.v c:.:~cava. tcd ( t'.!:) a Du1·ing t he course of our excavation q with the excep· tion of tb.ree small ~') ic c2 s of pe,1terware P every item of s i 1 ver or pewterware recov ·::?!'.'ed uas discovered ben · -:.th a fallen section of brick building wal.ls . Thie seems to indicat.e that the early salvors t·Jere a b le t:.o recover all of the silver and pe~,_rterware not covered by walls and that they did not have the rneans to re cov<3 r the i t c:·t:s coverccl by the i11alls. ,Acc:n:-d:i.ng to John Taylor (2), the area in 'livhich we c.:::;::r i c 0. 01:.t o:.:ix excc..7 ation wa ~~ not an area in tr1hich the rich r.ierchants ~i vcd v.nd wu.s rnorc or less a residential area for the average re sic!c:~ :-~ ts of Port Royal. Comparins- the s mall num.her of s iJ.ver i t ens f o ur..d i n this area with the 12.rge arnount of pewter \1ar e ;· it. 2::':m ea:.~s ·::ha:'.: ' '.' .::.vlor r:E1s correct in this observation. In. fact, ali b t:..- ::. t ·:m of the silver itens Wf.:: re recovered with a hou.rd of s ilv2::.:· co i ~1. s a nd 0old rings ancl. are believed to have belonged to an o·c·n. f; ::~ of a silversmith's shoJ? . .i':\ t the -:: i.n e the drc..wings of the items contained in this report u cr0 1!'.ac-:.B , E:bou·:: fifty i tens of pewter and four sil ver s p oons i:-:rcrc no-:: <-1'.T.:.5.lable (they were either undergoing nre~ servation o~ on dinD:ay in t~e United Dtates) , could not be dr«>11n r..nd, -::h e:;:e f:o ~ :- 8, <::. re :.-10·:: covered in t h is report. Further- 1':tore 1 othe r sil ve r .". nc"'. r s u ter i te!ns are no doubt hidden in the e -,_ousands of lar Severetl i terns a~e elated bv the exnerts as post- earth.. . quake. However, since they were recovered beneath walls which f8l l at the tin e of t h e e a rthquake and were located in the same s trata v1itt. :ma ny o i::he r art.if acts of pre-earthq uake dates 1 I be-· lic ve that they a ctually may date earlier than the experts have o.s s m.:i.ec1 • In 1 ,~ sE·. g t~.13 d'.i'.."a.v.Jings an~1. the information concerning e ach i ter.1 c cve ::-e (.\ i n ~:Ids report / the follcw.ing factors should b e taken i n t o conside rat±.on. The spoons ar~ d all other small i ter,15 are cl:::;:..\:m t'.J their ori0inal sizes, unless otherwise stated. I..:i.r ger i. tc· r,_~c : s uc h a s the fla-;;ons, plates and chargers, have been reducad from their original size and their heights or diameters are c_;iven nez t to each d r awing. :i'he thickness of the metal and the he igh t o:: the howl :::'. r plates and chargers are drawn to their true scale a ".:Jhen the i dentity, place of rna nufe.cture; or date cf an ite1.n i s ::1ot s t ~ ·ce d, it i.s because this inforr.1ation could :.-:i.ot [:.e obtained. In cases ~1here items were flattened bv the old U£>. lls falling on top of t~1en, side views of these items-,.,ere not ::1.c::-21,m, as their true shapes could not be accurately determine 'l.'o deten11ine the owner of a r_:>articular artifact from ·cne m·mer • G initials on the piece is a very difficult matter and uc·cually i mpossible in many cases. First off, no contePporary z-2cords have survivefl the d isaster revealing the names of every r~--~~r son then residing- or visiting Port Roya l on the day of the ..:l:'..s.:.ster. r.1i th the exception of property deec1. records and a lim~ :'.. t.cc~ nurdber of docu.r::lents nan!ing a small nu,.';lber c:: persons who su. ~ ::-vived or died in the (~isaster, ~.1e have a very few names of the ·:_~ot2l nurci!::.er of: :-?8rsons \'.Tho were in Port Royal on the day of the 6 i;-;aster. ':i:o make natt ers even r:tore conolicate.:1, :r.mny d ifferent ;,;}::-operty owners shared the same initials and, because nany arti· f 2. c';:.s 9 even !JuilC. ings, w'2re r::ioved great distances by tidal waves, i t viould P-Ot be safe to try to pick the p rcperty owner nearest to ·:-:!1e area \'!here He recovered a particular artifact vJi th the ;_;a~ .1e initials as h is na:·~'le. For this reason, I have given the ~'.ar 1=.:0 of all the different property owners to which a particular a :rtifact r.:.tay have belonged. Fe n ust also take into consideration :..:lE: t Ei o n e of the artifacts roay have been brought to Port n.oyal as p lund er, and the initials on them may be completely different .::'rcn1 those of the person using the~ at the time of the dis aster. '."211e!:2 can also be cases where the owner's initials on a particular :;1i2ce r:l0.y have been the initials of a woman before she was mar· r:.i..cd g or the piece nay have belonged to a non-property m'1nero 'I'here is even the possibility that a piece may have been from one ;-:;f the nmi1erous vessels lost during the disaster o .Another corn '.~;- 1:~. cation is the fact. that various pieces have two completely di ·~fercnt sets of initials on them and it is impossible to tell ~: ~ci1 set of initials b elonged to the person in possession of ·~:he pi i~ ce at the time of the disaster. In many cases, I could aot find any name in the property deed records or contemporary d·"Jcurnents that fvould match Hi th different sets of initials. 'l'he property deed records have be~n conpilec1 by the ~- ~1.s t i tute of JaTnaica from docu.lllents in the Archives of Jamaica :t: ~(.=;_ indexed and carded by the national Geographic Society p en titled 1 Real Estate Transactions before 1692 Earthquake: City of .:. 0::.:t noyal' JaElaica. I A.lso helpful is the I Link-Peems Chart of l592 Port Hoyal,' prepared by Capt. PoVo IL Fee!!ls, USi.'1 Ret., for i:.~ ~1,· :Jational Geographic Society, which shows the plots of land ~-1 c c:i.res t the sea a nd names their owners. n amed below are the .:t}.. fferent possible owners of initialled artifacts, followe d by tbc cara. number of: the person's na..r1e as founc~ in the above men 1 ·si.oned I~e al Estate o. o •• u •••• ' i.-'., . 0 ·1;- ~1er' s initia ls on p swter and their possible or·,rners ~ , ··- (' i"io poss i bil:i_ ties founr1 . 2. ~ c B" - Charles Bernard (99) 3 . GR Bv - Richard Basely {73) Richard Basely (126 ) ~ichard Dird {107) Hoger Bradley (149) Richard Brock (160) U.i.cha:-cd Browne ( 171) Robert :?Jy:'.10.loss (19 & 198) ,1 ~ ri 1.' J IJ.·i) -· 1 1·!il.liam Deavens all ye Ship 'l'avern one St . .~,l ary Hill' T..Jas engraved on this piece. There is no record of a person by this name owning property in Port .Royal , or any mention of him in any contemporary documents . .) • ''H E " - i.-1o possibilities found. 6. r:!:.t E " - Ho possibilities found. F 1 7. :'A 3-1' •• Only possibility was an Anton Fist, but his wife ' s first name was Sarah, which rules him out unless Ghe was his second tJife. (357) 1 8. •ip F ~ - lJo possibilities found. 9. 1'L G" - Ho possib ilities found . G 1 10. ~: T S : - 'l'hor::ias Gaman (38 8) Thomas Gobourne (397) Thomas Grey ( 415) 11. •:A H" - An n Ear d ick ( 4'1 2} Ann !Iart ( '1 5 3) II 12 . 11 F I:!:' - Francis F~uds on (491) 13. '' S H; ' ~ !.Jo pos s i b ilities founc~. H 14 . 11 S A'i g. i.trs . Ann IIart(453) ,, 11 15. iiB I - !:~o p ossi!:: ili ties found. I " 16. lie F '9 ~ Corte Johnson (522) 17. 'iDRi n - Uo possibilities found. 18. nL J" - Leker Johnson (527} T 19. ~ E s c - No possibilities found. 2 0 . " A L 11 Abraham Langford (561) Alice Lockyer (579) L 210 ~ ; Fi !) Ii Henry Love (585) Henry Lowe (586) 11 22. "A H - Augustine H.ay (627) n 23. 11 0 At' - Dennis r11acrc::n·1 (601) 2 4. n1 rill - James r1an (6 06) John n an ( <';) () Jame s Handerson (614) Jame s narteene (619) John J'lason (622) Jam.es T1odyf o rc1 (630) John ~:zl. onrnouth ( 6 43) John :ioyne ( 649 ) Jame s :>iusse tt (655) 11 25. ay., ['1 - Hilliarn !/(orris (646) Uilliam ! 1.urr o (GSO) 26. n·w r 27 . nc P " - No possib ilities found. 28. "F pa - Francis Papworth (669) 29. 'iH pn - Humphrey Phillips (689) 30. nI p a - John Peavey (6 7D) John Peeke (6 7 9 ) Janes Pinmurke (697) Jame s; Pinq u art {6 98) John ritts (70 3) II John Poph am (711) John Pond (708) John Pullein (720) John Phillip (G09) John Pierce (693) J ames Pin nock (69 6 ) John Povey (714 ) 32. "D R;: - ~,J o po ~:,;siLilities found. R 1 33. ' E l.\ n -· EdwarG. ::~aqston (7 2 9) Edward Hoyston. (729) Erz:1anuel Rogers ( 76 O) 35. "V R:' - Lt. T~ans ~ :i (7 30 ) s 36. ';A. A!t - J.l"ntho!:,/ r.;,:;.u.n~fo:::- n (767) flntho~-:y ,~:;~1 crt (788 ) 1~n t.hon'.r ~~°('lyr: r::.o :::- ( 8 2 3) 37. '- I sr; --~loh!; Sy r 1rn.1 ~ ( S2 G) John Shcpnrd !734) C c4~ ) ·(: Q :J ( ·:; \ :--;,. EJ t~ ~-J.t.r : ·i· 8 !. } Jo1J.n r.; I::.tJ:ct :7G9: J ol1r1 Sr1i t 1). t ,~.. :i 3 ) John '.3 1 :: er~ ·i '.'::-. i :"; (::,:i t} ) JoJ1n O to (~ c~~ '1 ( ;.~;0 7; J o t.r1 [3 ·t r.:.~": -~~ ( L~ 0 t;) John G l."1 :"·<:~ti : 1g ( 31.9) 38. 11 L ,sr• - 110 poss5.b3 . L~ties found . 40. u5 Tn - Sarah T ay:o~ (030) Samuel '"~1 :. ~~1m :1 :-:: { :3 :: ..:, ) Sa!'1UGl Thror.e (836) SaMuel Tuncy (R53) 1 42 . :: E r·r - J:~liz c.1 x::~ -c;1 rralk2:·: (875) Ed~ ~rc:.rd T•?,,.!.lro:.16 un e) Et:J:wo.rd T7i:.lir3 ( ~ 2S) ( h.···.··~ .r.. r, ii • 1 • 1 ~ •.,, ., ( o 1 0 ) 4 3 o . - • \ J.c .1~e .. . "•.lG8J..0r .J 44. :' R p i: -· I:Jc p:)ssib i.li ties found. 45 • ,, R-~ -·Ti'•: ·- "O".• ~ !.,' e··- v+- ~ r. 11,,....,;. t ·"-· \I ,~,· 1 n)~ . P..ohert. Pcston {911) Bli z a~2t;1 • ·1uJJ~.c:.:.· ( 8 7 5) y 47. ':DB" - ··Ic4 r:. y- c~. 5.. ::: ~ .::: ~; 2 :~l ·;: .~.. ~ ~·):J siJ) ili ties c1epending h.ot1-r the LT le ~ te ~s 2~~ r ea0. B. Ot Tl1ere is 2. !'""'<~ ""'!:·3 j,, ~~.. ). } -:.t... ./ -~ :1'12. t tl1e initials on the silver pieces mav not be owne r ..-; ' ~- n~. tials hut the initials of the ! The tota l nhc:·.2 11c.':: o:' Lall marks on all the silver Pieces found at Port !1.oyal (io.·:: :c· -.·,::;t v.,": et::'- ·~:hat they ~ ·!ere not made in Bng~ land, even though i.t. >:«~.:. ·;:. ~ ! (" ~ ~ t :1 :1 d 2~cd p ractice at that time to h.:ive pieces naa.e in r '~). <_; ::. <' ..r- ~1 ;::, ::i.x : ~o c1 \'li th hall narks . On rn.anv occasions 8 a silver"';r d.Ln .-_.,,.,)l ::.. ·2-1 ilis nnnch (his initials) to a :r.nece arnl. then took it to the Goldsr'.'l.i th' s -i:rall uhere he r,yas re-· 1 fuser . a hall mark because he cheate(1 or na~P. an error in his allov .:i.nd t he piece uasn 9 t of the regnire ~1 fineness. J\not1".er reason · that silvers:-1i ths didn't have hall marks put on :?ieces ,,.,as to avoir'I. pa.ving taxes on the1:.i.. British colonists in the new Forl.d 1 \· ere the best narJ: et for disposal of these uiece~ r•.d thout hall n arks u 'l'here is still the nossibili ty that· these pieces could have been made in soroe other !"urol:)ean nation uhere hall roarl~.s were not usec~ r ancl. reached Port D.oyal through trade or plunc'.er. Dr. Ivor ~Joel F.ume of the Denartment of Archa~ology of Colonial Pilliar,sbura inspectec1. severa·l of the silver nieces found z.:.t Port I~o~1al and stated ·that u because of their crua.e ~~10rk.!!lanship, Jw J;.'3lieved that thev were locallv madeo If h.is e.sSUP1ntion is c orrect 9 and sor:1e evl(1ence points- in this <~irection 9 I · believe that the initials on the r.:iieces are owners' initials and not those of the r1aker or r!lakers, J"'."ecause ti-10 C.ifferent sets of irti tials ShO i· 7 the initials of both the Christian hanes of a husba.ncl. artd u i :F.e, ano r,1aker.s ' initials woul<:i. never be star:1ned in this manner • .!18. ;' : I C" ·~ '.t1o r.>ossihilities founc.. c 1 1 49. - '!! ~~; - Thomas Clarke (??.9) Thom.as Cooper (269) Thomas Curle (293) 50. ~ r D" - Jaulina Deakins (300) Joseph Deakins (310 ) Jean Deaves (31~ ) John Dodson (3?.6 ) s 1 11 51. ' L A - Ho possibilities found. C. Owner's initials on the brass slave collar ~ 52. nE G" - Elizabeth Gooding (405) Edmond Grirnston ('120) VI . PRESERVATION OF SII.VER Ai'JD PEr-JTEm1?,"J'.lRE Silver ~ The silver porringer and several of the sooons c::F1e up in such a remarkable state of preservation that they re nuired only a light rubbing ·with water ancl. haking soda p ai=;te o :1th·sr silver ohjects {excluding specie) had a thin de:nosit of sil vc:: sulphate on thern and this was renovec in an electrolytic J:;at.:11 o In the ca~e of the S:;Jecie, about 95 percent of the coins recovered ~ ,rere in an excellent state of preservation anc1. reauired only a. light rubbin g r:d th the water and baking soda naste. -The c.:,thers u all of W~ ich Nere generally founc separate from the main ~::c: .·i_n hoards, were recovered with a thin silver sulphate cleposit (:.1. ·mally 1/32 to 1/16 of an inch thick) and this denosit was r e- :1ove0 in electrolytic baths with good resultso P ewter ~ The large amount of pewter recoverea. on the s i. "t :.~ came up in three c1i ff erent states of Preservation. On.l y a -~":.>.... Dieces ~,re re found so hacUy corroded that thev coulrl onl~, be prei;;erved by being iPlhedcl.ed in plastic. ?\hout 20 percent of t he pouter came up in such a good state of preservation that the only trentNent required was rubbing it t-ri th a soft cloth anfl. T·rashing it in a mild detergent and water to r emove the b l ack film on it, then giving i t a luster by rubbing with the ~~1 ater and. haking soda paste . 'rhe majority of the pewt e r i about 80 r;-ie rce nt , was recov e r ed with a limite '' '.'. arx, J:.F . 11 Pirate Port ~ 'l'he Story of the Punk.en Ci tv of Port ?.oyal (Cleveland anc~ !'~~'·! York, 1 ~6 7). (2 ) John 'l'aylor, n ~.~ultum in Farvo or Pa.rvn.·m in Multo. 'l'avlorgs secon1:1 part of the historv of ~is lif e a nd tr~_ velr:: in America •••• • 11 115 88. (3) T.'or more information concerning our r.1P.thoils of excava.tion am~ tbe work: accormlishec1 c~uring 1 ~55, see ~ r1arx p R . Ti'. 1 "Excavation of the Sunken r.i tv of Port ~ (LI ) For nore inforriation concerninq t he Fork a ccornlishec'I thr.ouq 11··· ·~ out the overall excav~_tion ~ see ~ ' 'i.<'l.rx , n. . f.'. 11 "Excavation o f t he f un:ken City of Port noval 0 J 3nuary, 1?67 - r,1arch., 196 !~" (Janaica ~!ational ~ru f3t Cor~ni FZs ion, J:incrnton, J ai:J.aica, "iav; 1~ 68 ) . VIII. P,IBLIOGR.!\PEY Bell, ~alcolm - "Old Pewter," 1905. Cotterell, Eowar d !". - "York Pewterers, 11 1916 . "010. Pe"rt~r ~ Its 7'·q a~ ·~. ers ann r 1a rk~ , " 19(- 1.i. : ~ar k! 1am, C.A. ·· nPewter · ·-:arks an c~ Old Pewter r,rare, 1909 • .M.asse ', Z .J.L • .J. - -"Pewter Plate," 1904 . f')lr..... ie' , P.P . - "Old Silve r an0 Old Shef:f.iel(l P late , " 1952 . Oman, c.c. - "F:nglish Domestic Silver, n 1934. Price, F . ~ .il. - "Old Base-metal Sooons," 1908 . Veitch, R .~. - "Sheffield Plate," 1900. f'."f , ... ~- ~ " ~ ,, ,. 1924. c. - ': r~ i storv of the r!orshipful Cori.pany of Pel!terers of London·," 1902. p·0oc. ~ I •. I . - 11 f-co,+;ti sh Pewterwar e and Pewterers, 11 (lJ. D . ) • nwner vs Initia l \ \ l Bac J-: Pront f i 0e Vi ew l~ Cilver sooon, Eng lish, Pied-c1.e-Biche· tvne, c. lf.P.0- l f'.9 0 . -:: -·-./ r>t '-,.,. ( ~~-:::-- ·-\ .. ------~~z--__...... _ ...... ,.______-- \- . J Owner's \ ' Initial ', .... _/.; Dac J:: 17 ront 2. Incormlete silver s 9 oon, Pn 0lish . ( ( \ I I I \ /\ ( \ ' I/ L,,... ,'i .r1< / l ·1 ftV' '\ __ _ , \ If \ ' . •··- ·: ~ t 1.:.i,1.lr~ I ___J I Side ~new :L :~i.brcr snoon, T'!nglish , 'J·Jickeo. Puritan:' tvne, late 17th Century . ' Back View· ("'- ,1· ._..__ _"" -.. ...- .- ---~------'! -.,1 ,..._. ...- -'.,_" , I . •. , ( \ ') \ .. -..) .-~- , · ...... ~... .-~ .. ,,.-- ~L'on View ~ - : '-....; ) \'·.\ _,,.,.1·,---·-- " I::: · " :·o: ~~n lct2 silver spoon, English , late 17th Century. Owner' s Initials Back Front Si0.e 'View 5. 8ilver spoon, English, r~ Pied-de-Biche : • type, c . 1680-1690. 6. ~ilver wine taster, En~lish, late 17th Century. 7. Silver watch face, English. P.ack !"rant Birle I ~.Tiew ( l ( L..- '1. EaC.ly sulphated silver spoon, English, late 17th Centurv . / Illeqihle makerus hallmark ,..------~ - Front ./ / I ------0wner!s / I n itials I ·I I Dack Front Si ))J 10. Silver spoon, English, c: Pied- I _,. ~ ~ \_ Back ~ Side View 11. Incom!'lete silver spoon, English, •:Pied-de-Biche 1 ~ type, late 17th Century . ( I r }) ) Dack Front l \ 12 . !JacUy sulnhated silver spoon, English, '-' Piecl-i.le-Biche" tvne , late 17th Centurv. ,{'·· ..,.. I I I \1 l l 1: I l I I I I ti 1 1 1 13. ~ewter urethra syringe. Owner 0 s Initials f llegihle :t!la}~. er~s touch nark Front f.icl_e View ll 14. Pewter spoon, English , ' ' Pied-0.e-Biche ~' tvne, late 17th Centurv. Illegible maker's touch :nark 1·;------11 Front J .J ..; 1 • • Back 15. Pewter spoon, English, '·Puritanc: type, second half of 17th Century. ~ [ ______3:~ - ~__ - __ / Side View ~ =---- Illegirle Iilarkings Back Pront \ 16 . Pewter s poon, English, "ribhed steM, rounO.-enr. !~ tyr:>e, earlv 18th Centurv . ( 1 Owner s Ini t.,,.i-.a_l ______F_ r_o_n_t ______:. • __, ...-.i_ \ 0 ~ :::::----__ 17. Pewter sooon, Eng lish, •·sp lit~end" t ype, C el69 0 . Sirle Hole and crude scratches Owner's initials P.ack F'ront Side View In relief In relief t \j 18. Pewter svoon, English, 1"1:•mvy··end;. tyne , c . 1690 r verv rare. -~--=:-:;·, -======::::.---- ..... ~-- -~--. ~ ------/ Bad: ,,,,,,,--"':'--. __-/'/ jl/ c~~'\/\ ~~ - t~· 1 ~-~~';(-~" -· :;: ~~-TTr ?,,..-·--i·:--::.=====:.::::_-::::, \ ·. • ~· ·:.,~.,.. _. .... ·~ ~>~-;~,,;\_,,.,~~ ~ 1 ~- -:::.":·.: , .. ;:-·, ) · ~ ·.., ··" 1 ""'l -~P/7"'"_.,.. - · ~ __.:_.---, \ ., ( --.:.. \.._...- · ~':<:-:-.·~ ·--"":. ,,..l,. ,.. ·- -- ~: . /' ' -;,. ~---- (.~/· Front In relief ______} /"----- / ;fl .----=:: ------~ ~ .7 ~- ~-~--.. -~'l 19. Incomplete newter spoon, · · · -'___.,., English 9 "Pied-·de-Biche'' tyne, late l 7th Centurv. P. i I In relief Back Front fire Vie·w 2 0 0 Incomp lete spoon, with part of end missing, Eng lish, late 17th Centnuv. Front In relief / / \,/·· ~~ ~--·~· -_.;-; '* I • J Back ,/ _,/ .... Side View /.1. Pewter spoon, English, ': Puri tan i: tyT)e, latter half of l 7th Century. Ownervs Initials Bad-:: P.ront Side View \ 2 2 . Pewter spoon, Eng1 i sh, " round-ended ,., tvne, early 18th Centurv. Front Owner's initials Back 23v Pewter spoon, French, c.1700. Side View r~ (' I l \ \ ~-··. o~.. mer v s 1· 1'.Ji Initials I. j.1 --· l\ I ( \ J ! I J ( /; . ' II Front f\(I Bi t \ I \ ) I l \ \"---_J_J ~)- ~ \. 24 . Pewter snoon, English, ~ Pied-de-Eiche ~ tvpe, c.1700. Pront \ \ "J ) Ownervs initials ) 25. Pewter spoon, English, 1iEarly Round-Ende; type, late l 7th Centurv . Side View Rack Tf'ront f.ide View In relief 26 . Pewter spoon, English, very rare. ~ -:--I----- I ,I 1r. ------~------Front ;; Owner's initials -...:::::::::;;;;=;;;::::::-- ::__~\1f~j~~-\1~f ' .../ ' ~-===:;;======~__,) __~~~- . ~ : _~· -.;_~ ~.. > ~_, . ;r~~ -~ ~~~ ili.. ~Incomplete maker's ' \~ . t~uch mark - ·------? 27. Pewter s poon, English, ~/ : i Pied-de-B iche '~ type, Cvl600-1690. '\ I ." )J )\ {I...~. ~~}. /tl ._...... , ./,/ j ) I. I jl . ~ --:~- ,// i Illeqihle ,-...... ~ maker 1 s touch mar}: Front Side View \ "'-~ I --- ,j ?.8. Pewter ST'.)oon, English, c.1690-1700. 1 ,.<",,.,.__ .. , , Ille~ible roaker s touch Mark - ,\ I .... '-··; , ---...,__------~JJ ~·· Front -----· ~ , ~ - r------L~ c======::::::::::::::::=:=:==:=:::::::.::.:;;;======~-'\-p-- ·- nack --··-·--.-...J_ ..... __ .. ___ .. \...._ ~ ,.,.,.~-· ·~ ------~--..::_"=<...... ~-.....___ 29. Pewter F:noon, English, ''Puri tan '~ tyne, c .16 75. Sin.e Vie w Maker' s touch mark 30 o Pewter sooon, in two pieces , flatteneCl., ;· Puri tan:; t:voe, c .16 RO . ------· ! .------...... ---- ·-- -~ ~'J ) Back Owner ' s ~nitial s ~· ,I r / ( r ------.:;:;·-::.::=:::::::(" \ . . ·~ Front 31. Pewter spoon, flattene~, English, '' Early Round-End ; ~ type, late 17th Ce nturv. I I l} I I ~·1aker 8 s touch mark Dack Front Side i View i 1l 11 ,\ I tLJ'\ ~ 3 :~ . Pewter spoon (two of the se recovered), Dutch, c . 1690-17()0 . 33. Incomplete pewter spoon, flatt ened, English, 11 Pied-·de- Biche 11 type, late 17th Century. Front 3 1.~ o IncoMnlete ne·wt.er snoon, English, late 17th 0 Ce ntury o "1aker s touch_ mar k is t.:lrohablv either Cott. f57~2, John Lee, 16 6~ I,iv e rv, Lonflon i o r John Langford, 1664 Livery , r.... ond.on . (~/r -\ \ u \ \ 'l \ 1 i I \\ 7 I \ /" . \ I,,,. t"\>- ...,- \. r-v. /l \ , I l Back ·} Front _j \ rJ i _ _ ( \·. (\- .,,_ •,\ \ i \ i \ i t Ji l \ \ ii. 't \ j \\ I1 I \_ J / t ' \__ __.../' \.~) 35 . Pewter <>Poon in two niec8n, early lOt~ ~ . .£ :rir;:-nn.:.. ~ -·: :::: r~-- '.:"'?.i c:n .: nu, Cc-nt.nrv. l.· :.e 11;_·- ,, .,:, ':l'. • 37. Pewter spoon handle, English, '" Pied-de-niche:- type, late 38. Pewter spoon handle , 17th Century. " rtound--enfl. '· type , c .112n --~ 4.n. ,ry-, plri marks E P 'l~'r1er 1 s \ nitials Back Front Back Front -- -· Owne r ; s initials Owner's initials (~ /~ . rfY\ ~ 1'1 E \ \\ . ~ i/ f ~ac ~ Front · ll /I Back Front !/ 11 ' I\ l. l1\ 'i ___.>;\\ l\1.. ./ ·~-·- ··- \ - ( d. T >~7· i ,_I I tJ 't___°__) Pewter spoon 40. Pewter sooon h.andle, handle, late 41.Pewter spoon ~ngTi' 1 is. h , c~ ..p ie. d - a-e-·ic n . h e " 1 7th Centurv. hanrlle, English, ty:ne, late 17th " Pied.-ne~Biche n Century. type, late 17th ~\ r· \ \ ·~ \ \\ · ~ I I t \ I I i /'I' I )I \I :I i / \ I ! 1/ ) Y,./r ( T."ront ( ( Side View { ' \ \ I I) I l f J 11 { I i I III J l \ I 11 ~ 40 . Pewter spoon, probably English, very rare , c . 1 6 90. . .\""~1 ··/ \ //' ------,[~~,;:-__...'\I llegi?le \ \ f \ maker s \ ., I _! touch mark \ II f ( ) \/ / \\\, ~-· - , :.- .. ,\ .·- ---. ;· Crude scratches \ I \ J Dack\ '\. , __ Front "- j y .__ __ ... ___ _.,:_.._ .,, ....- 41. Pewter spoon bowl, second half of 17th Century . ---~ \ ?.iaker 1 s touch mark j I \>;, ___-,/ -·- -· r \ \l ~ Back · \Front t II I l Fl I \ I \ \ \ ' \ ~ I 42 . Pewter spoon, English, "Round-end" ~ late 17th Century. Cott ~ f 572, Stephen Bridges , ~ e lected on Dec. 15 , 1692, to the Preedom of the London Company. 1B, Pewter spoon bowl y second half of l 7th Century. /----....~ /~~\ • I I I I \ ) \ \ I \ \ \ \ ) I \ Front f:ide View Crude r:1arkings l 44. Pewter spoon, flattened, "Round-enc." tyne , earlv 18th Century. In r elief Back· Front ..15. Pewter spoon howl , late 17th Centurv. Illegible nakervs name J t _) .t Back Front Side View \ \ \ I i 46. Pewter spoon, English ---.,. t 1 ~ound · -ena (' tyoe, mi0dle \ to enn of 18th Century. "- The crowned. '!x :· denotes / ! \ extraordinary ~uality of the ~etal, used onlv by \ nermission of The Company \ of Pewterers of London I \ \ Cott. p.49. \ j ) .I I i 1 )' /' l I\ ( \\__ .•...... F'ront ______,., / .J? e Incomplete pe·wter spoon bowl with hole in center from corrosion, English, middle of 18th Century . \\ \' I I nack Front. Side View \ I I \ . \ \\ 'd \\\ _-- jl' ~:'\\ \ I, I \ t \ ! \ \ I i I \ ! ~I~ \ Pewter spoon 9 English, ;; Shield-endt' type, c .1690 . \______";\ >== -~ . ~\ Front ------Y -·- 49 . Pewte r spoon g early 18th Ce ntury. Si de View I Back Front Si de Vi ew .. 500 Pewter spoon, English, aP.iea.- Back Front 51. Pewter spoon, flattened, English, i~Pied-de-BicheH type , late 17th Century. Tip broken ! : Back Front Side View l II I It 52. Pewter sooon, French, early 18th Centurv "' u ______) Back ( \ .(______"" ~~ Front ~ ~~-=::::.:::-=:-.::::.::::-.:::~======~ 53. Pewter spoon, c.1700 . Side View { i ' j'I I ..'' Back l Front Side View \ 54 . Pewter spoon, English , 1 11 ' Rounc1-end tvne, late 18th Centurv . Front \.._~~~~~~~----~~~ ' I !----~-----~------' Bae} ('--·-~-··------[ ii d e View 55. Incomnlete oewter spoon, English, c.1670 . I Side Vie1 1 I 56. Pewter s~oon, English, /.·- ..- _/\\ \1 II Pront \\ l/t \.\ , \ i i, '\\I {I ! Il1.eqihle I'1aker's touch mark . - ,..~ ...l'\. ~-- \ S7. Pe~·,Tter spoon howl, English, second half of 17th Century. \ l . ( I \ IBack Front Side View } \ 1 \ ), \ '.',~, f \ I I I I ~ 53. Pewter snoon,, P.nglishy 1 'r-Javy·~end: i tvpe, earlv lBth Centurv. 59 . Pewter snoon handle~ English, 'Trific1·- enc:'l.Vi tyne, late 17th Century, /, ...,.,.~. t \ 1.· ,. \ .· \ I ~ I I\ '\ / \ / ~ I l I !=lack I j ( \. ~ t ·.. j\ '-· \ \ ' I I \ t lj \ _.£~ --~ / ~ \__,./ 60. Pewter spoon, English, •inoun 61. Pewter spoon handle, English, · !'Javy-end ~: tyne, c. 1 7 OO • The initials on hoth sides are of the owner or owners. f ,_j-,\ I , . \ t Il ', }. f- Crude marks / 1}1 ~· \ I u. I ; I; / ~, \ { ·· If i>\ \,I l1 I \ \ Back I I~ront I \ I ..· I , \ I ' I I I ) l ' 1 i I I ! \ 1-' '\ 62. Pewter spoon,' I\ ~l~ttened,. Eng~ish, . .. P1ed·-cle-R1che type') l late 17th Century. · : I / 1 { I \ / ' \ I ) \ __..___, / 'F ront View -'·-~----=--=-t ·-----. ======::::::;:::::======.....==-- ---~"' l -- I l Ai) .· -\ I \1'L .1\ SuspensioL n.i ng 64. Pewter funnel, late 17th Century. I I l I fifi. Pewter ohject ~ n0ssi bl°'' hase of a muq or c1.::.n 1 I with )""\aker ' s touch rmrk L 'f JI.,. e-....,_.,,--~\. fl!I, J/ Ul .} 67. Pewter knee huckle, date unknown. 65. Pewter tankard lid, with ownergs initials. ii I"<-- j __,,, t.-ide View Top View ,' ./" ~------_...,_------,... 11{... "/ 60. Pewter base of a candle stick (two identical ones found together), English, the maker's touch mark is daten 1681, which was struck on the inside of the base of the item. 1 I 70. Pewter cutlBru hanr'!le. 'l'op ~ View /I ./:-==·::=:::;=:::-=;:: ___:::::::_ ==' I . rJ;.. \.\ ______, -~===~====::::::::::::::1 --· i I======:::::::::::=== \=./~~,\ ')./ ,; ~ \..) i --f.tf Sicl.e \ ...... _,., · Vietv '-._ j ·------,. 71. Pewter case, either for a nocket watch or compass 1 Col650 ~ 1750 . 69. Top section of a newter candle stickf English, c.1690. It did not fit the base of f;6!3. It was bent out of its original shane due to a section of a ~uilaing wall f a lling on ton of it. I T ., % ( ) . '''~ t 72 . Pewter buckle f flattened, either for a belt or shoe. Illeaible maker 1 s touch mark, located on inside 1.• ~~-;J-" nart of tne ~~~ ton rim. 6 '' 7 3. Pewter f unnel 1 late 1 7t ~i. Centur~r. f:rnall hole on the rirn o (:~_''------~ I 11 If \...... · --~------5 7-t" ______,, 74. Pewter pot, with hm handleso ) 75 . Pewter baluster, Dutch or Plemish, second half of the l 7th CP-nturv o ~l aker' s hallmarks are on the outer ~ide of the tor rim and ownervs initials are on the top of the lic1. ../\ ) -y- ~ . L~~ ) . ~"" ~_/ N" }1 f--~/ '· ~- ("'\ --- --. ------_L------..... - --- ...._____..- --....,_ __ __.J. . (I ------~ 76. Pewter chamber pot, crushed out of its original shape, date un known. Owner 0 s initials are on the top part of the handle . J_ _j l ·-- \ -; . t\. \..~:si 1, )..:~i /~u~~ I l~':~?~ 77 o Pewter baluster, '·ball·· 1 shape • lid, Scottish, c.16700 Ownervs initials are on the center of the lid. ;~''-~ v r 78. Pewter salt cellar, c . 1690, very rare. •' ~--·-_..______._~I ___ ~I ·v_, j....._------> I 1 ~~---- 1 l ;.-::. ' ' l ""'" - ! ;:.. . 79. Pewter caudle or nosset cup, Bnalish, late 16th or early 17th Century. r· taker 1 s hall marks shown on top rin. I l• I =-..,_ ._-- .") lr:;.t. --....-,,. ·1 C?O. Pewter mustard pot, lid rnissinqv Continental. 2/" _)/"f ' ·', ' ,______( (__ ) ·':...--...., ----_,..,,.,------...... ~===~\ ~ I ! ~/) --. _,../ ------1 ....------·.; \S - 1-. -- ;.}~{ ·-----""I Sicl.e View .. 1-- ,,...." , (" ~I '; ~.. / .- l / .i ; r . I \ ) Rl. Pewter bottle top, flattened. 82. Pewter bottle neck. -, .r'fr-. t z) \ ! ~ 0 Side View ~ =1 / I ( l ..• (, ______I,} I l.. i \ I ..,,.! 83. Pewter ink well, late 17th to early 19th Centurv ~ F-.aker's touch r.:arks struck on outer base of i tern. 1 S4. Unidentified pewter o~ject. ·~~ . · ' ) 11 \Bottom view drawn on reducea s cale~ . 1The illegihle ~aker's touch rnark I \struck on the insi0e center of its [ 1 hase. ,. I .(:= -~:::: \\ I~ /'I./ ' >I i·;;..r _"!...'i./\ (i'.i - ' I . - f,;--<'.:\ ( '·. __ ,7 i I j/.\ \;:.'\.. \ I )l \.,' i : \ ' I Ii ·' /\ I i q \ : ·'.. , ,.--...._ i '~·0,., ! / .-/ ...... , r.... ' ·· __J " .\, \ \\ ...... \~ J /l / '· \ \ "--· I A. ' ' , , ,· ~ \ .~ .... t t : \\·------.. _ ' J : ....,\ ! I \ " ~ ,,, I • . / '- - ' I \ '- "..... ~ ' ~ ! i j ~ / / ~ ·~'...... _ --..._. . r ~u ~ · .~----...,..._ ...J ./ ..// ,.. I ~;______,,....,... /! / '~ ------~------··------_...... ------.--...-/'" ./.· ' ----:,;:-\--- . - ~...... __ ... __... ___.. _...... -·~---·· · ·" ,;/ :1 I -// 1-- --· -· ·----·- ~ -~-:_~ -- / "' ,· . ___,,- .------1;::~-_.::-_J . ___· _:--_--___--____ > I r v \ '.\, \ I ;~ I f'i+ ,I 11/\/j. :' rr' T - c ·· ~· 11~ ' l~· · 85. Silver porringer howl, English, late 17th Centurv. a,-.,ner's initials shown. . " ·' '\':-... ~ ... 86. Pewter haluF;ter, English, ~'·wedge" type, second half of l 7th Century. Owner's initials shown on top part of han CJ+, .... y 11 ------1;,f 67. Pewter baluster, English, ':hammerhead'' type, secona half of 17th Century. Owner's initials on too of handle a.nd center of the lid. "I,... ·-.\ ~--...., ' \ I ' '- -'/r --... {,. ) \~r~ · \ _.,_ ~ ,: .....:.> .,. .. ,··). ,,-,... r""I \ ( \ J J '- --·-" .,.. __,/ ; ··--\ "--\, ~·. . I (1. : d...-J'I 1 ... 1 _/ j l :r ~ ' ,__..~ -I II l ! I Il l -l,.- l<'- . ·' ...... ~ r ' I • -;;1+· I'- • Ii\ ~. ~~ I // / .,.' / / 08 Pewter balus ter, oossihly French or Flemish, second half of the 17th Centurv. Owner 1 s name on the handle an ,, 5 I I i \ t \ \ ~\ I ~ · -~ \ ~ A~)======:==~===== ,.,,,. .. ~ \=====--! I ''·------..J Pewter flagon, Rnglish, made in York, c.1690; maker's hall I"larks struck on li ~ /j ,, t'E------_ , / ~. \ I ,,: \ 1 91. Pewter baluster (measure), ='aoub l e-volute : tvpe , F.nqlish, half gallon size, late l 7th Century. · ~ar k. on ton. rirl was a canaci tv s~al and not a maker's touc~ mark. 92. Pewter baluster (measure), gallon size, English·, c.1690-90. Item reduced in size in the drawing. !\ ~ark shown on outer rim. ~he maker's touch mark shown was in the ' center of inner side of ·the lid. !/ II 1I f'f \ ·\ \ r I / j ! // v ~....._ ....--;,::' - ····~ ...- __ .....---....- ·--- --...... :--·------... I 93. Pewter porringer bowl, English, c .1620, a I ~...--- rare piece, only one other knm·rn to exist. :--\, -· ·' Drawing reduced slightly froM original size. 94 . Pewter porringer bowl handle, 95. Pewter porrinqer howl T·1aker' s ·· touch -mark struck on handle. nrawing increased center of underside of the in size from the ori0'inal handle. Drawing increased item. in size from the origin~l item. 9G. ·~ 'ewter porringer bowl , Engli .~h, c.1690. Incomr;ilete r.:aker i s touch tna:r.k in center of the bow1. Item r educed in size in the drawing. ! ""I ·~~--·---.. !/~ " -, '--J ! I }I I ! ! i ii I I I JI I I I l I iIt l I ~ l J I I i;i ' --- It)i ' ,• ""-'-_/ -;t; 7,. ! • iI <"'..------...,;;; I I ' ))'/ l :_~·; . Pewter p orringer :bowl, t'•To identical onei:> recovere0), English, second half of the Century. I ten f. i '._j : \ 101. !Pewter lid, English, c.1680-1700. I:.- ~~ · 1 Drawn to original scale. ·------·· ·~ I nottofll ----::::-----.._ -...... , ', . 1 02. Pewter vessel. · ··~· · ---~-...... T lr ' -.. "·.. :_.~ .. ~ '· 11 ft 11 l I l'I' 111 I 11 I! 1 l lf I'I ! '' j...;...._.__ _ ----J I' ?our r:er-1t~~r bot'tla top;.; rrob al-: 1 y Cm-:.t.i nen ~· tal in origi~ 1 not 1 kno•1.n :L:n 'Sn.0lar:.t~ v ,· i I '-- ...·- ;.¥.---...-...... ,...,...... _..__,_ , ,._ ,.,~---~ ~cr·u t:ct.c ·'.---.---..-...... _-"---·----· ;,.!.:l.rk:::; ,.,..... _ _. .. ~..... -. -...... ,..- . .. ___ ' / ... "-, / .. ·· _...... ""' / / / ,.,/' ,,'\. I ,,.-.. t• . .. . / l.\1,-..."'"($, n._ I : ,·~1 / "t. o,t.;or/'U' --·------/ ~---- · -- - 1\ l__======:.;;:::=.. Side View of Top ..... - 108-112. Probah 'th side vie. w ofrig- all five shown.Pewter bottlv 1 eContinental.tops, wi Drawn to o inal scales. ..------·-·-. '-,..-----.·-Z' '~------'· .Cc~ AH \ ' \ ' \ I I I_;/& . / J ,,,.// ./ , / ~--- --....----- ___ ,.,. 113. Pewter bowl, English, 17-th·------Centur------y . Pid.th of rim 1 l/ '1~ ' and height. of l:>owl , 2 1/8;' . Q,,mer 0 s initiali; shown on too rin and incomp lete maker's touch Mark on underside of riM. Item reduced from oriqinal size in craw ing, as . are all that follow. -~...... _ c ___ \ -- -··-..--- .. -- ~- .,.- --- 114 . Pe~,rter bowl, English, c.16 90; incomple t e rnaker 9 s touch marks struck ~-- on undersi de of rim. Width o f · rim was 5/8 11 an 11 arl~. un0ersi de of rim. I(,, l I v 1 D.5. :c•c1,rter charger, English, c.1660. ~idth of rirn is 3 · • Owner's 0 ini ti~ho>m ~ tmo rfr1 ancl maker s hall mar1-::s on hoth sides of riT". . '---' \ \_ ·------It'-.-- 116 Incomplete pewter 9late, English, late 17th Century. T"Tidth of rim in l 1/2 ., . Thickness ::if metal and heiqht' ~ of olate in true scale . Three ille r.fi~ le Paker 0 s !:'.all marks anc'i owner v s initials shown on too sine of rim. c~--- I .,, / / .... ··------_..,/'· "' 1~i cri ,·&1 l£i \ _/ ------ ----- 1 .L 7. Pewter charger, English, late 17th Centurv. Owner s initials and .tkervs hall marks shown on ton rh1. '·11idth of riM is::>. l/a:·. . .. . ,, ,, l hI1'-' . Pewter charger rim only, English, C ol675-80 . Makerqs hall marks on , side of rim and the circular mark struck on underside of rim. Fidth r irn is 2 l/4 c: • c~----- l l,_·.:1·· > 119-120. 7.t"70 newter c h arger rims with identical oon e r 0 s initials and maker's hall marks on rims. i:·Jidth of rims on botli was 3 ~: . Both are Er.glish of late l 7th Ce ntury c1.at.es. I :_LI' 121 I'ewter charger, English, c. 16 GO. o~~rner g s initials an<'l. four hall mar ks on ton of riTl1. Crownel!l Tudor :{ose and other incomplete rnaker·s mark on undersicJe of riw. r·ridth of rim. is 1 3/ 4 '' and thickness of metal an0. hei ght ·· of item drawn in true scale. ~-- ...... /· · -· · -'" ==~- - - ·-- ::::.:::_~--, ...- I ....._~ ./ ,. '\t/ M ';,, /// /,/ ------~ -- , _,\\ ,~, // . \', . ~ ( \J \ \. J : i . ------/ /; ; ~ ~ ' '\ . '.-- '. /,/./ "" ~~ (·J.. !,_ l?jy~ '. ~~-i ~~/ ""~' I !ii' . "\ . - , ~- · '--~--...... _-::::::-.---- '~~..... _,..,-:--.:---:~ - ~---_::-::--- .--::.~- 1 22 Pewt er charger, Engli~h, c . 1660. Owner's initials anr;'I mak er ~ s 1 ;1all marks on top side of rim. l.!idth of ril"'l is 3 3/ 4 ' . .... ,.--·- ; _...... ,._ ~,...~ ·--, / " "-....., / / '~\ I \ / / I I \ ) •' I 4' / / ·.· / . .;' ' ....._ . _/ I ------v Pewter charger, Bnqlish, c. 1660. Owner as initials a.nr~ maker i s 11.all marks on ton of rin . Pidth of ri:rn. i s 3 1/4 , '. . • 164 /f 1 1 24 ~:i ,.,, tq t: e r c1:1a r ge r ~ Eng l ish r l a te 17th Centurv. The t wo maJr,er s touch 1 •>-ar]r.s •:1e re struc 1': 0'.0. unriersi 125. Pe\'1ter chargerr English, 1670·-75. The owner's initials, ::n .• c. i!, were engraved in center of underside of the charger and the Tudor 1 :!1ose touch mark on underside of rim. rridth of riM is 2 l/8' • \ \ I )• 12 6. Pewter charger, English, c.1675-80. Owner cs initials anil four hall marks on ton side of rim. Two other incomplete touch marks struck on underside of riM. Hidth of rim 2 3/8 :: • . ~ --· ·---.___ ...... ·· :_ .~~~-... ~-: :-· : .~-~: :~:::-~ ~ ~ .,..." ·-~,., ~,.... ~ · ~ - .. ~ ~..-. -' ... '~ ,.,. ...: ·~· :~~ - ...,.~ .,. . ·-. ~. ...:~ ~"~.... , F p . "'<-, :~>>.. :<·~~ ...------. -;., :::" . / '\ ~\ \\ S\ 1\ L\ i j i-1 ) j!/ ~ ' / ,>// ~ ' 127. Pewter charger· , English, c.1660-1680. o~ner 1 s initials and makerv~ hall marks on top side of rim. Circular touch Mark struck on under side of rim. ~~dth of rim is 3 1/4 ~ . c---· ~\ \ I ·.'-... "' ..... 128. Incomolete pewter charger , with no mar}:s on it ~ pro'!)ablv English, late l 7th Ce ntury. Pidth of rim is 3 1/2 :.. 1~9. Pewter charger rim, English , c . 1675·-!10. Tua.or T'!.ose touch rr1ark Gtruck on underside of rim. T·1 idth of rii:"l i5 3 1/2'· . .- - --~ J . Incomplete ~ewter charger with no marks on it, English, second half of the l 7th Century. Width of rim 2 1/2 ''. "' 131. Pewter nlate, English, late 17th Centurv. 1 Ow~er s initials 1=;trucl:: on center 1-\ottom of nlate. T!ic'l.th of rin 3/1F. P,ix other i0.en tical Plates w·i thout any ric..r1-::s on them also recovered. '~(( , ,;.\// ' . . "'"" ,... ' ;_v,'1 ' ...... -~ _... ::.--.... "/ 132. Pewter plate, English, late 17th Century. Illegihle Mark struck on top rin and touch mark with c·London (' on it strud::: on Center 1h ottof.1 o f p 1 ate. f.,'··t'.::JthJ.u , of . rim. is . .)""/I.I. ,_ •: . F ft 1'1 133. Pewter plate, English, late l 7th Centurv . Ot,mer ~ s initials .c;truck on center bottom of nlate. r.. .1id th of rin is 7 /8. ,. . p 1 F 134. Pewter plate (two identical ones recov~red), English, late 17th Century. Owner's initials struck on center '"'ottom of plate. ~idth of rim is 3/4w. 135. Pewter plate, English. , late l 7th Century. Initials ":P P !' and incomplete touch mark struck on center hottom of plate. T: 7i~. th of the rim is 3/4 ~ . c-~---~------ ___..- _____ ... - ...... - ....._~ .. F , -- ·, .• /,; .....--·---. ~...... '· • ... ·-'~ ''>..., •·. • ...... __ ' · A /\ lt'. r::).... H·.!.. l I~ . ·, ".::.._,,·' / ' ··. .., ...... ~, ". ·~". ' · '\. \. \ . ·\\. '"\ . \ / \\\ \. \ \' I . \ \ \ ! 1 I ! j I J ,../ I !/, I / . I / . ,· /, //·~ >,. / / , · / ",/ ·· ··---· ·--·----_:·:«.. .- /// ___ ... -~ - -~ 136. Petrrter plateF English, c.1680. Owner 0 s initials ~ ' RP " a nd incomplete touch mark struck on center hotton of olate. Hidth of rim is 5/8" . __ ...... --~·- -...: \ ·, ...______" . . \ ' .. . \·. I ~· I . I ' 11 I> if t I 1 37 . rewter p l ate, English, late 17th Centurv. n~neris initials and o the r ma.rkinqs ~rudel v scratched on unders1.r1c of: p l ate . r.r i ,-~. th of ,,. . ._ _,.,. .~ . rim is · 5/8 ,- • ., __...... , .., l. I \ i \ . ------ "'- ·· ~------F ~ :I~ ·iv\ ... I ; \ \ I \ \ '\ \ \ I ' I ,Ji J; I /I /// ... // / /' ----- '/ --- ···- ·_ ~- · ~ --- ~ 1 38 . P .;~w t e r nl a~:e 6 r:nglish I late l 7th Centurv. ~,, ~·-'~1er· I 3 .:i. ni t ials a nd incomplete t~nch Mark s truck on .::ente r !-ott m :i of 'l'.:'l.:i.t.e . P.idth of r im is 01;,e i ~ch. Another identical ulat c of this design also r e cove~ ed without a ny marks on it. L. Pewter plates (two recovered), English, late l 7th Century. rim 1/2!' . ~ 42. Broken pewter plate in three pieces, Englis~, late 17th Century. Width of rim is 3/4". ~-- ( I I \ 143. Pewter plate, with ri~ missing, English. Two incomplete touch marks on center hottom of olate. ~-- ~--=--~- -- '~ .... " l I ' I' '· A /; / i .,,... .." 14. Pewter plate, with rim missing. riarks crudelv scratched on center ~ hottom of plate. 9%"I vI 11.15 T0 0 newter nlates of identical design an(!_ with the same owner's init:i_c:ds on to,.., s i.de of riri, Enqlish, late l 7th Centurv. Ba.eh had two d if:Zerent t ~rnes o f touch r:i.arks on center bottom of nlate. T-~idth of rim is l 1/2'· . l<~G ~ I11 compJ ~ ete pet... rter n late , Englis h, secon~ h.a lf of 17th Century .. ow~ er 1 s ini ti::i.l s on top ri:n1 of plate . ~'.7idth of rim is 1 l/R :' a nd ,'1.Tmroxinat e diameter of plate is 9 1/2". - ....-- ...... ~ &...... _ ,. • ~----- .t-----.1'- '. 1' \ / / I {i i j l , / \ \ \ _/ \ /~ '---~ 14 7. Incomplete oewter nlate, English.• last /0 148. Pewter plate (two ifl.entical ones recovered), English, last ('fUarter • odi the l 7th Century. Pour hall marks on top rim of plates . r..;idth of rim 1 1/2" . \____,-- ) ,..,...... ~· ··-.._ · - ·---- - ~-~-~ ~/ ' .....__ ~ ...... ____ _· ··· -·------~ 1 49. Pewter plate, English, c.165fl-6n. Coat-of-arMs on ton rin of nlate. ~-!Ticlth of rim is 3" . (__ ,,..______ / \ 1 \ ( \ ) 150. Pewter plate riM (only), English, dated 1669 'j~wo different sets of owner's initials and touch ma rks struck on opposite sides of top rim. Width of rim is 2 1/2 ·· . ( .. ,,,... -- ' ..~ ~-:::: /~-. · = .~--.~- ---~-:;:~., /,/ / -~_,, ,,. - .. -_..L - - -...... _ ' .,", . ~· .· _ ,,. -- - ·~ . H S ·.. , ·. '-...''~ rl ... " -._ ' / v / / ...... --•· .... -- ...... ~ ~ ·,... ·\~ /'// ./'/ ,.... ~ -~ -~··-.\---\ · • · . . / ' \ ., ,. / . ,, ~ 1,/,// I ' ' \ \ \\\'· \ r/ I \ \ \ i( I . l i\ ; \ j ! ! "ft' \\\ J / ;/ f, ·6 \\ \ '\ \ / / /I \ ·.. ·~ / ,· / '.\\ ·.. ,\ . / / ,' ,:'//I I / \ " ' ., / ..· I . •' ·,,.__ .• I / ' / \. . -. '-- / ·? \ ' ,, ·,"-- --:--:--~.. -=· ,/ _,·>'/ "',~ ··, '-~~ 7J t;f..J ~-\ __ _.... / ,,,/ . : / ~~''<'"- ~'--. ------·-·· _ _,,.. ,.,,...... - -;/',..-/ ' --~·:-:. ~:~-=~~~ --:~-.:: ~/ "' ! SL Pe~,rter olate (two identical----- ones ·recoverer..)~ , P.nql1sh; last r:ruarter of l 7th Century. Ot•mer·' s initials and incormlete sets of hall marks on opnosite sides of top side of riro. Incomp lete touch mark also on botton sicl.e of rirn.s on both p lates. '.?idth of ri~ is ? 1/2 ., • ,...., ·-·... ~ -- , .... ·" / - ...... __ ,:- . X"' ,\.. '<'' -..., / / ,,. ~-- - ~ -, '· . - ...I...... , /;,/I// / / //' ~...... " -...._ ~ j I I ' ,.. ( ) , - ... .. !l·';:,· '\<~\ ·····. ..,_r:_\ I.ff f \ ' \ ,,./' . ,_. fI .. .. / '·:..-/'·' ("; 'l. ,, 1 1"'"'./k r 1r· .. ') ·n i • • • ,. : w ' I \ ' '. \\ I /I ' \ \i \\ \ " · . I 1· . \-. ., /:(:/~!! '· .,, ./ . .. / ;:. / "-.. ''-, ..•',/ _,. ' .'./ ~·< ~-~ ·-.:----·--- .- .- ·-. · ~ _,..~;:~:.:/ ~~~ - - ·· - .... .- ·'· - ~~;~~.:-:;;..-_:_:~~--/ 1 5 2 . Pe~. .~ter plate:=; (two i dentical one s recoverer'!.} $ Fng li~h , earlv lRth ~entury. Set of four hall nn.rks on ton side of riri anr1 owner~ s initia ls aml incomplete ·touch marks on. the center of the bottom side of the p late. 'Viidth of rim is 1 3/ 4 " . ~· ·· / . ' ( \ I I ,I I ' v 153. Pe·wter plate, Fnalis;.,_, lri. r; t r:u.artc=r of i ·; :_: .., "'-...... Centurv. ~~o iliec!i>l e h a:l r-i a::J,~s on tc·,1 •.. ·' '-. -...... _ of rin. - ~'-'ouch - mark, ,. ~" , .i on under s i ·.. ,.• ~: '";'l !' I ·, ) < :51 ..._ / ,,..·· , ,., ::. I_ I :., ,/ I ,. .~· .I I I l 'er-.Jter nlate ('three· identical ones recovered) , English, late 1 7 -C. i,, 1·:2nturv. Thr ee· .s.hield-type hall mark ~ on top sif!.e of r im and ·;.:~ -; . incomplete touch rnar~s on undersi de 'Of rim. Pidth. of rlm i r.; l 3/ 155. Pewter plate, English, late 17th Century, C -~-.., ~ Owner's initials, "PP, ': strud-: on ton side of rim. Two other sets of initials crudel v scrat- \ \,\ ched on opposite underside of rim. ~·Tidth of ,------rim is l ~: . 156. Pewter plate (two identical ones found with same touch marks and crude figure r•,c:) , English, c .1690. :Roth touch trlarks and the crude l y scratched 11 X" were on center bot:toM of plate. Width of rim is 1 1/4". \ 157. Pewter plate, English, last quarter of 17th Centurv. Three incomplete hall marks on top siae of riM an~ owner 1 s initials on oonosite side of it. ~ 1aker' s touch mark on bottom center of plate. Hidth of rim is 1 '·. L~L. 158 . Pewter plate (two identical one::; recovered) , Enqlish 9 second half of 17th Centurv. Owner 0 s initials ano. maker ' s touch mark on top side of rim. Second set of owner's initials, ~' LL, ' crudelv scratched on center 15 bottom of plates. nidth of rim is 2 • __ ....__ _ a J isg & 160. Two id entic~l pewter plates , with e xcention of designs on their r i m::; ~ English, last cruarter of 17th Centur y . Owner's initials struck on too s ide of both rims . Fic'J th of the rims 1 is 2 : . 11~·... . 'I N. " '- l'!J . . I j .G-L.· ,,, ~/'f. 161. Pewter plate or charger, English, early 18th Century. Owner's initials anc1 t~-m hall marks on top ....- -·- sides rim. Tl!O incomp lete mak er is touch mar!;· s on r" ..__.,.,... of underside of rim. fJidth. of rin is 2 l/ 4 ;· . ·. ~ ... ---~---~ \ ~...... ,------____ _ l . II .// ....,.i ..., __ ,_ -- .. ., ( ·--''-., 162. Incomplete pewter plate, F.nglish, c.1680 . Owner v ~ initials crudely scratched on underside of rim. ~·ridth of rim is 1 '' . ()"1r-,,,;;~")'''~-. ~.... \-. \":': ~; :' ,. 7D'I t/ I /,i/ ,·/ . // ,,j' ' /. . •;:..'\. ~~. h·; ,/ · ~~ - -- ~/_, / ~ ~~·=:.:.:...=-'~ ...-:: :,..,,;;...... ~ ~- --- ·-·· -··:::::=:..--..-- ~ 1 G 3 ~ Pewter nlate, English, late 17th Century. T<'our h all mark s, the nak eris touch. nark and owner ' s initials are on the top rim. Incomplete touch nark with ''Lond LI on it struck on center bottom of plate. t"'?idth of rim is 1 1/8~ ' . i l \ I I I J .LG t.! Pewter plate, English, second half of 17th Century. Three hall marks .n1 ton side of rim. The Tudor Rose, wreath and initial '' B a (crudely 1 .;cratched) are on the underside of the rim. T-.ridth of rim is 1 3/4 ' . ,~ - ,~-- ~- - ·:::::-- ·---,--r< -- ~~~ - I ~ j? IJ.. !\ ·~·· ·:~ ·r /~- -- .. \~~~ '.! / \, \ I ,I ~'..\ ~\\\ \ \\, \ \ \~ \' ( ~ i~ \ II iI ; \ ' I i.· I 1 ~ \ ./ .._ /d / '· ~ I.;/ .i) \\. ... ,• .) '!/·,.. ,• \ ~ . ' /,. )/ ,~~ -···-··-·- ·- -· ,/ /;:'. ;jl ,-- ' \ ' / .' .' ----. 'u_-=-·., I\ I ~ : :~ ... ;...... ,., .. :~ j ..: :<' •. · • · ----- . I / \ ' L ~~~ "~ · .-\Y'.,. :, j/.: "l \-__., / .. / ... - ' " . / : ' • . "'.\J L.:_..7 f· "'-'" f - ,, '. •' / / ~ \".) I ,. ·. ',-. ::. ..-· """ / .. I •, I ' ... .., ./ I .....~ --:'.. /;/ . - - 7"~\ ;;::_::::.::::::; ~= ::~.:::::- .· ,, i_! --1 / 165. Pewter olate (t"!O i r:=ientica l ones recovered), . ' . ···-. . : ~ Enqlish, second quarter of 17th Century . Four hall \ · . mar.. ..k s an d owner g s. ini• • t i. a l s on t on si . c.e~ . o f ri . r-i . ,.,.,.'..w o incor1mlete maker i s touch 1~1a rk s on unfl erside of rim a nd crude design s cratcher. on c e nter :hotto m o f p late. rTidth. o f rim is 1 3/16 :: . c-- -· 166 . Pewt e r n late , Eng lish, c.169 0. Four in co~n lete hal l marks ancl t wo sets of crude l y engr a ved. owne r 1 s initia ls on to:J s i ne o f r im ~ Two incom- ·· plete makeri s touch mar k s on center bottom o f pla 'ce. ~'1i dth o f r i rn is 1 1/Bi' . F !\ 167 . :ne~·rter Plate, En~ lish, late 17tli. Century. Owner 1 s initials an~ in complete n;aker ' s touch r.lark on center hottom of nlate. r·Jidth of riM is 1 5/8~ ; . r t ~ ~ \ \:--~--...... _. ____---- _- ----·::::--::-....' ....; . i01 0 ,·;:-_.d ....,_. 'v \ ·.' I ' ·-' - - - -- ~ \ r ,,/ \\ t! •I \ 1/ ,, ( /Ol? \ ) l) \ \ \ / \ \ ~ ... f // .....__ ... ·1 ------__.. / ;I / , r~/" ·' -,•7_,, 16 ~ . '"'c::Pter r; l at<2, •'ncrlic;h, rtl~fl l e o f 171:-h Centurv. r.'our hall 1"1arY.s on 11 top side o f rim. ~ ·Ud tl-t of rim 2 1/8 • • ' J 169 . Incomplete pewter p late, Englishv las t auarter of 17th Century. Three hall marks and incom.nlete set of owner• s i_ni tial s on o~pos i t e sides o_~ t op ri· m. ~·a. .i t h.. o f ru· n. is· ?,~ 1/4 ~ • _-:..-- • '='= \ / , '':\ \ \ \ \ ..: / 170. Incomplete pewter plate , Enqlish, last cruar ter of 17th Ce nturv. Owner 1 s initials and t hree illegible ha ll marJcs o n top siCle o f rim • . Hidth of rim is 2 l/B :i • · -Af·_.,. (/ .X ii v 171. Incomnlete pewter nlate, Pnalish, c.16 7 !1 . Ho fll.arks visihle. Y?i0th of rim is 2 1/2 ·~ . Thickness of metal drawn to true scale. ~--- 172. Pewter plate, Rnglish, c . 1 650-GO . Three incomnlete hall marks on top side of ri:m. . - Pidth of rim is 2 1/2:' . • .r.. c·--··-··., __ 173. Incomplete pe~·rter plate, Enc:d.ish, late l 7tl1 Centurv. No marks visible. T-1iclth of rim i s c==~~--2-~- 1/~4 ·)· . 1 ' 174. Incomplete pewter plate, English, l at e 17th Centurv. No marKs visible. Nidth of rim i s ?. 1/4 '.·. • • .. c ' 17fi. Inco:r,•olete newter c 11arger, En0lish . c .1 Ci 70·-'1". ~~" m ar 1 ·~ dsib le. ' ~dth 6f ~ rirn is 4 1/4c . r·-./~'-./ ------• ·'------·~ \, ·-- - ~ 1lf/' I ....,./! • 175. Fragi!lent of a :newter charger riT'l, :Cncrli::;h, lat~ 17th Centurv. Ho • marks ~risible. '... !idth of rim is 3 l//i. e .