MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 01 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 MAH/MUL/ 03051/2012 ISSN :2319 9318

TMTM

Shree SwaminarayanImpact Factor Junior 3.102 (IIJIF)College, Nashik

Women empoWerment

One day

NatioNal coNfereNce

On

Friday 22nd March 2019 Women Empowerment Chief Editor :- Prin. Ashwini S. Atre Technical Assistance :- Miss. Dipika C. Desai, Mrs. Jayashree S. Baviskar

Organized by Shree Tapovan Bramhachrya Ashram’s Shree Swaminarayan Junior College, Nashik

[dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 02 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019

Edition :- March 2019 ISSN :- 23199318

Published by :– Vidyavarta Publication

Edited By :- Chief Editor :- Prin. Ashwini S. Atre Technical Assistance :- Miss. Dipika C. Desai Mrs. Jayashree S. Baviskar

Copyright: All rights are reserved by Shree Tapovan Bramhachrya

Ashram’s Shree Swaminarayan Junior College Disclaimer :- The views and options expressed in this book are of the author. The publisher, editor claim no responsibility for the same, in any manner.

Govt. of India, Trade Marks Registry Regd. No. 2611690 Note : The Views expressed in the published articles,Research Papers etc. are their writers own. ‘Printing Area’ dose not take any libility regarding appoval/disapproval by any university, institute,academic body and others. The agreement of the Editor, Editorial Board or Publicaton is not necessary. Disputes, If any shall be decided by the court at Beed (Maharashtra, India) http://www.printingarea.blogspot.com [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 03 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 Advisory Committee Chief Patron: Shri. Dnyanpurani Swamiji (Guru.Shri. Tapovan Brahmacharya Ashram) Shri. Madhavprakash Swamiji (Managing Trustee of Shri Tapovan Brahmacharya Ashram) Patron: Mrs. Asmita Patel (Principal) (S.S.E. M. S. Nashik) Chief Guest & Judge : Dr. Anupama Deshpande (J.J.T. University, Rajasthan) Ph.d Guide, Chairperson & Judge: Dr. Vedashri Thigale (PhD Guide University of Pune) Guest: Hon. Apurva Jakhadi (NASA Scientist) Judge: Dr. Swapnil Nirmal (Principal MCES. Nashik) CONVENER Mrs. Ashwini S. Atre-Dixit Principal Shri. Swaminarayan Junior College, Nashik, Maharashtra. Organizing Committee Miss. Dipika C. Desai Mrs. Jayashree Baviskar Members: Mrs. Usha Patil Mr. Chetan Choudhari Mrs. Swati Hase Mr. Avinash Palve Mrs. Sapna Khandare Mr. Rudra Kapadia Mrs. Padma Thete Mr. Vilas Gangurde Mr. Atul Patil [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 04 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 PREFACE

Mrs. Ashwini S. Atre Dixit

The empowerment of women & the improvement of women’s social, economic & political status are essential for the achievement of sustainable development in life. In case of work force participation rate by gender, it had been much lower for females due to increasing literacy rate of female, when they are engaged in gainful employment & contributing to the household & national economy, they should be given the due respect & status they deserve in the family & the society. In the changing socio-cultural environment of India, women are entering in a new era. The main purpose of the conference is to study various parts which are overwhelmingly interwoven together with the main issue of empowerment of women through entrepreneurship. The objective to organize conference is to provide a platform to present their views to inspire the youth, especially women to be self dependent and empowered, also, to discover the innovative fields of women empowerment .To express opinions about to discuss the areas of women empowerment as well as to show the impact of women empowerment on the society as well as Nation.

I would like to end by quoting Selene Kinder who said “I wish more women realized that helping another woman win, cheering her on, praying for her or sharing a resource with her does not take away from the blessings coming to them. In fact, the more you give, the more you receive. Empowering women doesn’t come from selfishness but rather from selflessness.”

Sub Theme of the Conference: · Women’s role in patriotism and defense. · Women’s place in history of India. · Role of literature in creating social awakening for upliftment of women. · Role of homemaker to nurture the generation. · Gender equality in respect of women’s working field. · Commercial opportunities and women entrepreneurship. · Women’s law and actual beneficial policies for women. · Women’s role in banking and corporate sector. · Opportunities for Women in Science & Technology, space and aeronautics fields. · Government strategies for women empowerment. · Utilization of opportunities in different industries. · Women and Politics. · Women empowerment at deprived area.

[dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 05 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019

Editorial...... ! It gives us immense pleasure to bring out the proceedings of the one day multidisciplinary National Conference on ‘Women empowerment’ held on 22nd March 2019 at Nashik & organized by Shri. Tapovan Bramhacharya Ashram’s Shri. Swaminarayan Junior College, New Adgaon Naka, Panchavati Nashik. Shri. Tapovan Bramhacharya Ashram’s vision is to develop into an educational centre for excellence providing need based globalized education from the school to highest level in traditional & emerging areas .It aims to be recognized as India’s top level integrated education centre with the latest technology, settings, standard of excellence in knowledge creation, innovation, excellence in instruction & applied research. It is determined to redefine the cause of excellence in education & implement it through accelerated, need based & practical oriented process with holistic approach to empower learners for self exploration & became responsible global citizens with deep rooted ethos of Indian culture & traditions. This National Conference was attended by delegates from Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh. Total 47 papers were presented in it 16 will be published.covering many aspects of ‘Women Empowerment’. It was a platform for all women from different fields, research scholars and students to come together and share ideas with each others. The resounding success of the conference was possible due to the constant encouragement & support of our patron Shri. Dnyanpurani Swamiji who is the Guru of Shri.Tapovan Bramhacharya Ashram.I am grateful to the advice given by Shri. Madhavprakash Swamiji, Managing trustee of Shri. Tapovan Bramhacharya Ashram. The conference would not have been possible without the hard work put in by the convener Mrs. Ashwini S. Atre .The staff and students put in a lot of effort & hard work to make the conference a humongous success.

Mrs. Ashwini S. Atre Dixit (Principal) Chief Editor

[dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 06 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 I n d e x

Page Sr.No. Paper Name Author Name No.

Role Of English Literature In Awakening And 1 Dr.Satkala 07 Upliftment ofWomen

A Study of Awareness of legal rights and 2 Ashwini Atre Dixit 10 Women Law among the women in Nashik

Role of Work-Life Balance in Women 3 Dr.Vikas Gaundare 13 Empowerment – A Pilot Study

Role of Anutai Wagh in Women 4 Dr.Santosh Rukari 17 Empowerment

5 Women’s law & actual Beneficial Policies for Prof.Manisha Bhamre 21

Mrs.Bhagyashree 6 Women Empowerment status inIndia 26 Gaikwad

Ms.Vidhi Thakkar& 7 Role of Homemaker In Nurturing Generation 29 Ms.Sumedha Deokar

Women Entrepreneurship: Emerging 8 Mrs.Manisha Landge 32 Economic Workforce In 21st Century In India http://www.printingarea.blogspot.com

An Empirical Study On Consumer Protection |

9 Awareness Among The Rural Women In Mrs.Kurra Subhashini 39 Guntur District

Sukshma vitt labhanwaye striya 10 sashaktikaran sudhrnyasathi ek ashawadi Mr.Upendra Galande 45 disha-Bhimthadi

11 ‘Sindhutai Sapkal’Kaliyugi Karmayogini Mrs.Usha patil 49

Mrs.Rupali Somvanshi 12 Women Role in Patriotism and Defence 52

13 Women Empowerment At Deprived Area Mrs.Samreet kaur Birdi 53

Women Empowerment in Space,Science and 14 Mrs.Sapna Khandre 57 www.vidyawarta.com/03 www.vidyawarta.com/03 Technology

Women Empowerment:Role of homemaker 15 Ms.Nandini Agrahari 60 to nurture the Generation.

GENDER EQUALITY IN RESPECT OF WOMEN’S 16 Mrs. Vaishali S. Kamble 61 WORKING FIELD. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 07 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 lives, society, and in their communities. People are empowered when they are able to access 01 the opportunities available to them without limitations and restrictions. ROLE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE IN Objectives:- 1. To study the contribution of women in AWAKENING AND UPLIFTMENT OF English Literature WOMEN 2. To study the history of Women Empowerment Dr. SATKALA Women’s Contribution in English literature Assistant professor, Department of English, When we talk about women empower J. J.T. University ment then one word comes that is feminism. We read and heard on wider level in Indian ======***********======literature about feminine movement. Feminism Abstract: - Empowerment is a term widely used in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, by academics, policy makers and development establishing and defending equal political, workers. People belonging to literature have economic and social rights and equal opportunities always been an important part of the society for Indian women. It’s for women’s rights within and Indian women are not an exception. The the Indian societies. The history of feminism in women in India have made notable contribution India can be divided into three phases: - the first to literature, and their contribution is well phase, beginning in the mid 19th century. At that appreciated in all literary circles. Empowerment time male European colonists began to speak of women is necessity for the very development out against the social evils of Sati. The second of a society, since it enhances both the quality phase of feminism: - in India, from 1915 to Indian and the quantity of human resources available independence, when Gandhi corporate women’s for development movement in to the Quit India movement and Keyword: - Empowerment, upliftment and independent women’s organizations began to Feminism emerge. The third phase of feminism, post Introduction: - Women’s empowerment is the independence, which has focused on equal process in which women elaborate and recreate treatment of women at home after marriage, in what it is that they can be, do, and accomplish the work force. Here are some works that in a circumstance that they previously were showed women’s contribution: denied. It can be defined in many ways, however, Simon De Beauvoir’s The Second Sex when talking about women’s empowerment, (1792) is a book on women that questioned to empowerment means accepting and allowing all readers and critics on women’s related issues. people (women) who are on the outside of the Betty Friedan’s The Feminist Mystique (1963), decision-making process into it. “This puts a Kate Millet’s Sexual Politics (1970) etc. are the strong emphasis on participation in political famous women writings on women. structures and formal decision-making and, in Kamala Dass one of the best known the economic sphere, on the ability to obtain an poetesses of the body and she wrote for income that enables participation in economic women’s rights. She is the pioneer who gave decision-making.” Empowerment is the process frank and clear expression to feminine sensibility that creates power in individuals over their own in all her works. All her poems deal with love, sex, frustrations men women relationship, extra- [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 08 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 marital relationship in male dominated society women don’t show their individuality but they and exploitation of women. In her poem The assert their concerns through their voice. Looking Glass Kamala Das showed humiliations Bharti Mukherjee is a famous novelist, and frustrations of women in male dominated she wrote Indian women’s struggle. She world. In her another poem The Old Playhouse struggled herself for the identity. Her important presented married women’s position inferior to work The Tigers Daughter showed her protagonist men. Her The Grandmother’s House is based on Tara’s immigration and her return to India later. In women’s simplicity and purity from a corrupted her novel Wife (1975) she showed how she world. Kamala Das showed the cruelty of exploited by such man and tried to be the ideal husbands in her poem The Sunshine Cat, the Bengali wife. poetess husband so cruel that he locked her wife Shoba De was also a famous woman in the morning and unlocks the room in the writer; she showed very emotional aspect of evening. human life. She dealt with the psychological Jassuriyaa famous Indian English poet issues of women. She is frank to express her also presented women’s worse position in his emotions. Her female characters broke all works. In his poem The Whore house in a customs and traditions that snatch their Calcutta Street presented women as prostitute. freedom and make them under dominated to In this poem the poet showed one side men. customer’s desire and the other side the whore’s Women are inherently artistic. Women artificial love-making. and literature are closely related to each other In Mahapatra’s poem The Logic here because it requires a lot of artistic creativity to showed that a man talk only a woman for his be good at literature and women are too good sensual pleasure nothing more then it. when it comes to artistic creativity. Women Mahapatra presented Indian sensibility through novelists from India are the one to add a new his poems. He played a major role in Indian dimension to the English literature of India. feminist movement. Men-women relationship is Obviously, the current Indian English literature the main theme of his poems. is due to the effort of many prolific writers. The Ruth Prewar Jhabwala is one of the best part is that most of these writers are contemporary Indo-English novelists, who women. Common examples include Sarojni presented bold women character in her novels. Naido, Nayantra Sehgal, and Rama Mehta. Her novels are based on both Indian and British Women Empowerment culture. Abolition of social evils from time to time Kamala Markayanda is another brought awareness among people. Lord William contemporary writer who raised feminist issues Bentic banned on sati in 1829. Social reformer in Indian society. Her novel Nectar in the Sieve, Raja Rao Mohan Roy gave a support for showed how the Rudman the female character empowerment of women. Remarriage of widows live in poverty. The Golden Honeycomb is started in 1856.After that in 1929 a law was another on rich woman. Here she presented that passed against child marriage. But the difficult the idea of financially independence would solve task at that time was to educate women. But all problem related to women. the reformist took forward step. Isherwar Chhaya Dattarin her autobiography In chandar Vidyasagar opened many primary Search of Me presented her experience as a schools in the villages of Bengal. Swami Dayan social reformer in the tribal world. She got and founded Arya Smaj (1875) that gave a new empowerment from the tribal women. The tribal direction to women’s education. John Drinkwater [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 09 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 opened a college for women in Calcutta in 1849. policies that have a quota for the number of Jyotiba Phule gave education to schedule caste women in policy making and parliament girls in Poona. Women started to take interest in positions. As of 2017, the global average of education. This created a group of educated women whom hold lower and single house Indian women-Toru Dutt, Cornelia Sorabji, parliament positions is 23.6 percent. Further Sheventibai Nikembe, Krupabai and etc. These recommendations have been to increase were famous writers also. English writing was women’s rights to vote, voice opinions, and the also started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy with the ability to run for office with a fair chance of novel Bankim Chandra and Lal Behari Day. These being elected. Because women are typically are considered the first works in English. associated with child care and domestic The second generation of the writers responsibilities in the home, they have less appeared after Second World War. In 1930s the time dedicated to entering the labor market and theme of the writings was social customs that running their business. Policies that increase should be changed. At that time there was a flood their bargaining power in the household would of social reforms in the form of writers. Like R. K. include policies that account for cases of Naryan, Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao. They divorce, policies for better welfare for women, brought awareness and policies that give women control over Economic empowerment increases resources (such as property rights). However, women’s agency, access to formal government participation is not limited to the realm of programs, mobility outside the home, economic politics. It can include participation in independence, and purchasing power. They would the household, in schools, and the ability to have more access to higher wages outside the make choices for one. home; and as a result, make it easier for women It is said that education increases to get a job in the market. Strengthening women’s “people’s self-confidence and also enables access to property inheritance and land rights is them to find better jobs and they can work another method used to economically empower shoulder to shoulder with men”. They engage women. This would allow them better means of in public debate and make demands on asset accumulation, capital, and bargaining government for health care, social security and power needed to address gender inequalities. other entitlements”. In particular, education Often, women in developing and underdeveloped empowers women to make choices that nations are legally restricted from their land on improve their children’s health, their well- the sole basis of gender. being, and chances of survival. Employment can help create empower The growing access of the web in the ment for women. Work opportunities and the work late 20th century has allowed women to environment can create empowerment for women. empower themselves by using various tools on Empowerment in the workplace can positively affect the Internet. With the introduction of the World job satisfaction and performance, having equality Wide Web, women have begun to use social in the work place can greatly increase the sense networking sites like Face book and Twitter of empowerment. for online activism. Through online activism, Political empowerment supports creating women are able to empower themselves by policies that would best support gender equality organizing campaigns and voicing their and agency for women in both the public and opinions for equality rights without feeling private spheres. Popular methods that have been oppressed by members of society. suggested are to create affirmative action Conclusion: It is shameful to say that by and [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 010 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 large, women don’t face discrimination in society today, but many of them face exploitation and 02 harassment which can be of different types: physical, mental, emotional and sexual. They A study of Awareness of legal rights are subjected to rape, abuse and other forms of and women law among the women physical and intellectual violence. In this way women empowerment become necessary to in Nashik City, Maharashtra banish all types of exploitation towards women at homes as well working places. Mrs. Ashwini S. Atre Dixit · Without women empowerment, can’t Principal, remove gender bias and injustice Shri. Swaminarayan Junior College Nashik, · It provide them safe working environ Maharashtra ment. · It acts as a powerful weapon against ======***********======exploitation and women harassment. Introduction: · Women can’t enjoy security and It is said that an educated women can protection in life without empowerment. educate the Nation. Women themselves are the · If women not socially and economically source of energy, themselves they are an empowered, they can’t develop their own institution is a universal truth. Although its true, identity. we may find different aspects of women · It helps in the progress of society as suffering in not only downstairs society but also well as nation. in educated families. Women rights and women · It is necessary for women contribution law has been come in force first time in India in in every field of work. 18th century against practice of Sati. There are I am a woman/ girl so here is my humble several incidents that proven need and request to all human beings through my article awareness regarding women law and women that: - never underestimate women power in any rights. field of life. Some help should be from Govt., A woman who raised the voice against but it doesn’t completely solve the problem. So, injustice or demanded for rights may be called some women started to work for their as feminist. Feminism in India is a set of empowerment. Some started to write after movements aimed at defining, establishing, and started to publish women’s writing. Through this defending equal political, economic, and social they started to get some money. Some feminist rights and equal opportunities for women in thinkers thought that education can help us. So India. It is the pursuit of women rights within they focused on education. They said that the society of India. Like their feminist women’s education should be skillful and counterparts all over the world, feminists in knowledgeable. The patriarchal thinking of India seek gender equality: the right to work for inequality should be abolished from schools. equal wages, the right to equal access to health and education, and equal political rights. REFERENCES:- Women also have fought against culture- 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women specific issues within India’s patriarchal society, empowerment such as inheritance laws and the practice of 2. https://women now. in › Inspire widow immolation known as Sati. In mid of 19th century, the revolution [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 011 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 initiated when male European colonists began g) Protection of Women from Domestic to speak out against the social evils of Sati in Violence Act 2005 India; the second phase, started from 1915 to h) Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Indian independence, when Gandhiji incorporated Place (Prevention, Prohibition & Redressal) Act women’s history of feminism in India. In the 2013 beginning of the movements into the Quit India i)Hindu Widows Remarriage Act 1856 movement and independent women’s j) Muslim women (protection of rights organizations began to emerge. on divorce) Act 1986, Finally post-independence, which has k) Guardians and Wards Act 1890 focused on fair treatment of women at home l) Christian Marriages Act 1872 after marriage, in the work force and right to Need and Importance of the present study:- political parity. Importance of women law and women Despite the progress made by Indian rights are majorly calculated to secure women’s feminist movements, women living in modern place in society as well as in her own family. It India still face many issues of discrimination. creates awareness and self esteem to raise India’s patriarchal culture has made the process voice against violence, domestic violence or any of gaining land-ownership rights and access to types of injustice concern to the women. education challenging. Present study deals with undergoing In the past two decades, there has also circumstances that help to resolve problems due emerged a trend of sex-selective abortion. Such to dominance and injustice at any field, any a woeful deeds and injustice has been burdened place or any span of their life. to women forcefully. The study is guided by researcher’s Present study deals with ongoing opinion that laws and articles that meant for situation about awareness regarding laws and women “so called defense” are really useful or rights especially abide for women. Researcher not? This study tries to conclude beneficial tries to focus benefits of law and order meant policies and its actual benefits in day to day life for women and its practical use in day to day for women’s survival. life. Objectives: What are women Law and Rights: 1. To study the awareness of women law Women in India are being provided with among the resident females. the legal security to secure their economic, social 2. To analyze women’s opinion and and cultural lives. These are few Acts which implementation of women rights in day to day show the efforts made by Indian Government in life. interest of women’s life safeguard. 3. To provide guidance to adopt women a)Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 laws and rights. b) Maternity Benefit Act 1861 Assumptions of the present study: c) Births, Deaths & Marriages Registration 1. Women laws and women rights has Act 1886 vital role in the society. d) Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2. National policy and reservation rules 1971 also abide to facilitate by women law and rights. e) National Commission for Women Act 3. Residential women may have lack of 1990 knowledge, less awareness as well as f) Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques misconceptions regarding women law and (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act 1999 women rights. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 012 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 Variables in present study: policies like reservation for women at different Independent Variable: Awareness Program for places, rebate in fees, different types of leaves women law and women rights. facilities like-Nirbhaya Van to pick and drop in Control Variable: knowledge of residential emergency situation, Seat Reservation in Bus/ women, perceptions, misconceptions, belief, Train etc, New laws abide against harassments, behavior, social influence. domestic violence, harassment at working place, Dependent Variable: The specific outcomes starring during activities that feel uncomfortable from generated from the information. etc. Laws and rights which practically benefited- Scope of the Study: sort of feminism. 1. Present study serves important · 12% women are alike they know laws, information about women laws and rights. rules, rights but they keep themselves aloof from 2. Present study defines the benefit of the same. specific laws and rights. · 8% women from the society do not 3. The survey can be useful for analyzing believe in women law and rights. ongoing status of knowledge and awareness of · 10% women strive & struggle for getting laws, rights among the women. justice they believe, but they are suffering and Limitations and Delimitations of the Study: awaiting social justice. 1. Sample size of present study is restricted to Nashik City of Maharashtra. 2. The study has been conducted during January 2019 to March 2019. Research Methodology: Survey Method Researcher has used survey method for present study. Sampling Method: Population: In the present study population considered resident women of Nashik City. Figure:- Pie chart showing outcome of the Sample: Purposive sampling method. survey Sample has been selected 30% from the Findings of the Study: whole population. The finding of the study indicates that Data Gathering Tools: “Questionnaire” maximum percentage in women’s awareness Statistical Tools: regarding laws and women rights need to Percentage: Percentage can define the outcome improve. Rigid proceeding and delayed justice in accurate way. needed to convert in simple and fast judgment. Results: Awareness of laws and rights among the female Evaluation after conducting survey found results to be inculcate. below: Conclusion: The survey conducted in Nashik City · 27% women from different social stairs against awareness of Women laws and women are fully unaware of women law and rights. rights tried to collect actual information from · 37% working women found knowledge the resident women. Some of results gathered of women law and rights, but often found rigidity really need to have some improvement from the in proceeding. point of view of women suffering at different · 6% women have awareness of women levels. law and rights, They are actually facilitating the [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 013 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 References: 1. Ray, Raka, 1999: Fields of Protest: 03 Women’s Movements in India. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN. Role of Work-Life Balance in 2. Kumar, Radha, 1998. The History of Doing New Delhi. Women Empowerment-A 3. Sen, Amartya. 2001: The Many Faces Pilot Study of Gender Inequality. 4. Wcd.nic.in/women development/ Dr. Vikas Gaundare national-policy-women-empowerment Assistant Professor, 5. https://presidencyuniversity.in/ Ashoka Business School Nashik specific-laws for women-empowerment-in india.

 ======***********======Abstract- Women Empowerment is need of time. Though the pattern of social norms is changing but new issues are coming on the floor. With the time an involvement of women in every sector of work is significantly rising. But it does not make them able to break the chains of traditions of past. Perhaps, it has created some other issues in the life of these working women. They have to fight on both fronts i.e. at work place and their personal life. To deal with this situation and to keep balance between these two important fronts of life is not simple. To empower women, we have to make them capable to handle these two fronts effectively. This research paper is an attempt to put this issue on broader canvas where it can be led to the better solutions. It is based on a pilot survey of 103 working women from Nashik city wherein their views and opinions about work life balance are considered. Key words- Work Stress, Dual Career Groups, Working Women, Work Culture, Social Culture etc. I. Introduction- With the changing scenario of the world, work-culture has also become dynamic. More involvement of women in every sector is the result of it; which is a good sign. Women are not only proving themselves on their conventional upfront but also exploring new [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 014 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 horizons of success every day. This has imposed The main purpose behind selection of this some challenges and problems on working topic is to study and understand the implications women as they have to fight on two fulltime jobs of work on life of working women. virtually-Workplace and Home. The enormous 1. To identify the determinants of Work pressure comes down heavily on working women Life Balance of Women Employees. coping with these two extremes. The importance 2. To find out present practices followed of having balance between Work and Life by women employees for Work Life Balance. increases to the peak. The reflections are 3. To find the current policies by the observed at home with spill over of work and organizations to facilitate Work Life Balance. vice versa which disturbs the balance on both 4. To identify the perception of women fronts. Both of them demand totally different employees towards benefits and challenges things. At work it is expected that they have to towards Work Life Balance. put in equal efforts like their male colleagues III. Scope- where at home they have to satisfy all the This research paper covers the major customs, rituals and traditions equally. It becomes problem face by working women i.e. to have so tough like a sky walk while confronting to the balance between their work and life. It covers both. It is ultimately a game of prioritizing life employed women from various sectors majorly factors or work factors and having balance education and related sectors. Though the study between them. An ideal work-life balance is sort does not have limitations for the area but of unending discussion. Freethinker Paul employed women from Nashik city are mainly Krassner said that anthropologists often define selected as sample. This study helps to happiness as having little or no differentiation elaborate the problems of working women in between an individual’s professional and handling work on one front and their family life personal lives. on the other. At the earlier stage of work culture where IV. Challenges- women started to enter into it, it was difficult 1. The sample size is 103 and mainly to take work at home. But due the new from Dhule city so the results cannot be technologies, every place has become a generalized. workplace and it comes home often. The related 2. As the sample universe is infinite the job stress, stress of career and professional sample selection became difficult. growth has become integrated part of the life V. Hypothesis- of working women. The changing social culture “There is positive relation between emerges with new set of challenges too. As age and ability to have balance between work more and more women are joining the workforce, and life” dual career couples are becoming increasingly The hypothesis is relational in nature common (Moorhead et.al, 1997). Women coming where two variables i.e. age (independent) and from Dual Career Groups have different sort of ability to have work-life balance (dependent) are challenges as they have to chose options like to be proven correlated to each other. outsourcing the childcare and many other VI. Methodology- aspects of life where the strings in family are The research is based on the issue of weakening. This research paper is an attempt Work-life Balance among the employed women. to study the views of working women about the As the topic is based on survey method the Work-Life Balance they try to attain meticulously. nature of study is Descriptive. Also the existing II. Objectives- facts are portrayed through the study. The data [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 015 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 is collected through the questionnaire made in competition that comes from increasing Google form. The link is shared with more than population, women have to work for every day 250 employed women by means of emails and survival of family. Even working for long hours whatsapp out of which 103 women filled it up. becomes essential which causes more pressure (The screen shots of Questionnaires are on the side of personal life. attached in appendices). As the sampling When we talk about empowering women universe is infinite it is difficult to have exact it becomes inevitable to help them in having number of sample population. Non Probability balance in their Work & Life. At last, balanced Sampling method is used. Convenient and work-life leads to higher productivity and healthy Judgment Sampling/Snow ball sampling work culture on one side and enriching social specifically as the link for the questionnaire is culture on the other. sent to the working women from Nashik city. VIII. Analysis & Findings- Data collected through questionnaire has been The analysis was done with the help of analyzed by following way-A. Sample Distribution advanced options from MS Excel. Major findings Analysis, B. Analysis from the Questionnaire & are mentioned herewith. C. Hypothesis Testing. The pivot table and data In the first part of analysis the sample analysis functions of MS Excel have been used distribution was conducted wherein it was for this purpose. observed that, 51% respondents belong to the VII. Theoretical Background- age group of 30-35 years followed by 28% belong As said above the emergence of new to age group of 35 and above, 12% and 9% technologies has changed the work-culture respondents belong to the age group of 25- today. It made simple to keep an employee 30years and 20-25 years respectively. It was ‘permanently’ at work which is thinning the line also observed that 66% respondents are from between work and personal life. Work demands Educational Institute, 12% are from Government more in less time where family life demands Establishments, 18% are from manufacturing & more time. Many changes in the workplace and private organization and less than 10% in employee demographics in the past few respondents are from banking sector. decades have led to an increased concern for When it comes to long work hours, understanding the boundary and the interaction 12.62% respondents said that they always work between employee, work and non–work lives more than 12hours a day where 18.42% (Hochschild 1997). The life leads to sacrifice the respondents have to often work for more than work on one side and work demands sacrifice 12 hours. from personal life herein one factor spill over Majority of the respondents are not able other. The spillover view is probably the most to balance their work-life balance and they often dominant in work-family conflict literature since worry about their work even when they are not it is based on the idea that work spillover at workplace- processes (i.e. time, energy, and psychological Table 1- Responses to the select questions interference) affect an individual’s personal and Not able to balance Work- Worry about work even family life (Small and Riley, 1990). Women are Life when not at workplace still the primary careers in our society and, as a Options Count Percentages Count Percentages 1 Always 21 20.39 3 4 33.01 result, face the greatest difficulties in 2 Often 19 18.45 1 5 14.56 reconciling their caring responsibilities with the 3 Sometime 33 32.04 3 4 33.01 4 Rarely 9 8.74 1 5 14.56 demands and expectations of full time work 5 Never 21 20.39 5 4 .85 (Family Friendly Working Hours Taskforce, 2009). Grand Total 103 100 103 100 In developing countries like India, the It clearly shows the dilemma of working [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 016 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 women in prioritizing their work or life and respondents about the question for non ability because of this they are always observed in to cope up with work and life- stress. 50% respondents said that they are not Table 3- Statistical base for hypothesis testing able to spend time with family or friends very Options Count Percentages often. Because of work related pressure 47% Always 21 20.39 100 respondents miss their quality time to be spent 25-30 8 38.10 30-35 8 38.10 with family or friends. 35 above 5 23.81 Often 19 18.45 100 Though majority of the respondents do 20-25 3 15.79 not work in shifts, 92% of them feel tired/ 25-30 2 10.53 30-35 9 47.37 depressed because of work. Despite of feeling 35 above 5 26.32 work-stress only 24% respondents get time for Sometime 33 32.04 100 20-25 7 21.21 work-out/exercises and to follow the diet plan 30-35 20 60.61 35 above 6 18.18 to get balance between work and life. About Rarely 9 8.74 100 77% respondents said that organizations they 30-35 3 33.33 35 above 6 66.67 are working for are not having any separate Never 21 20.39 100 policy for attaining balance between work and 25-30 2 9.52 30-35 12 57.14 life that shows the ignorance towards this 35 above 7 33.33 serious issue. Grand Total 103 100.00 100 In the same manner the analysis on the Here, women who say they rarely or basis of questionnaire is done by the researcher. never face any problem in having balance in IX. Hypothesis Testing- work and life is majorly belong to the age group To test this hypothesis, researcher has 30-35 or above. This proves that along with age used the weighted scale to rate the age and and experience the ability to cope up with work ability to maintain balance of work and life. It and life issues increases simultaneously among was expected that the ‘p’ value or in excel the the women. calculated correlation value is positive for X. Conclusion- showing positive relationship between the Due to the recent advancements in the variable. So, with this logic- with increasing age country and society number of working women the ability to maintain the work-life also is increasing. It has brought the different increases. Following tables shows the testing problems in front of these women i.e. to balance of the hypothesis and its result- their work and life. This research paper is an Table-2 Hypothesis Testing attempt to portray this problem of major part of

Std Dev of Correlation the society i.e. women. Through this research Feeling for between Age Std Dev ability to and ability to Result/Interpretation paper the actual problems faced by women of Age balance balance Work- work life life employees are discussed and their opinions are As correlation value is positive, it suggests positive and strong relationship between Age and Work life also taken into considerations. They face balance ability of women. That means along with 0.891 1.383 +0.197 age the ability to cope up with work and life difficulties while dealing with family increases among the women. responsibilities and career on two fronts. With This proves the hypothesis statement. experience and age the ability to have balance To support this hypothesis testing, increases which has been proved through student also has done the cross tabulation by hypothesis testing. The objectives of the using pivot tables function of MS Excel and research are achieved as problems are proves it statistically also in the following table. discussed and put forward. When we talk about Following table shows the responses of the empowering women the Work-Life Balance pays [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 017 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 vital role in it for sure. 04 References- 1. Family Friendly Working Hours Role of Anutai Wagh in Taskforce (2009), Flexible Working: working for families, working for business, A report by the Women Empowerment Family Friendly Working Hours Taskforce, Pp.19. 2. Hochschid, A. R. (1997), The Tie Band: Dr. Santosh S. Rukari When work becomes home and home becomes Vice Principal, work, Metroplitan Books, New York Ashoka College of Eucation 3. How High-powered Working Women Achieve Work-life Balance?, https://www/ ======***********======forbes.com/sites/,ampdefelice/2018/03/22/ , Keywords- Anutai Wagh, Women Empowerment Accessed-Sept 2018 ABSTRACT 4. https://www.healthywomen.org/ Anutai Wagh was one of the pioneers of pre- content/blog-entry/10-tips-achieving-healthier- school education in India. 17th March 1910 rd work-life-balance (Accessed 3 Sept 2018) Anutai was born at Moregaon, Pune. She was 5. Kothari, C. R.(2011), Research the professional colleague of TarabaiModak. She Methodology, New Age Publications. along with Modak pioneered a programme 6. Moorhead A,Steele M,Alexander M whose curriculum was indigenous, used low (1997) Changes at work: The 1995 Australian cost teaching aids and was aimed at holistic workplace and Industrial Relations Survey, development of the participants. A. D. N. Bajpa Longman, Melbourne describes her as a “towering social reformer”She 7. Small, S. A., & Riley, D. (1990). was a recipient of the 1985 Jamnalal Bajaj Toward a multidimensional assessment of Award.Anutai has given the wholehearted work spillover into family life. Journal of contribution in the field of education & Marriage and the Family, 52(1), 51-61. especially tribal & women’s education. She has 8.WORK-LIFE BALANCE – IMPLICATIONS adopted different methods & technique for FOR WORKING WOMEN, Available from: https:/ getting women’s in the field of education /www.researchgate.net/publication/2728 Researcher has completed Ph.D. research work 45610_WORK-LIFE_BALANCE_-_IMPLICATIONS on contribution of Anutaiwagh in educational _FOR_WORKING_WOMEN [accessed Dec 23, improvement. At the age of 13th she has faced 2018] the death of her husband & dedicated our whole  life for tribal empowerment. She is the real followers of Mahatma Gandhi. She received the message from Gandhi “KedyakadeChala” & given the resignation letter in government school. Under the leadership of TarabaiModak she started her career in Kosbad, Boardi& Thane. She is the winners of more than hundred awards of State, National & International government & organization. She received Padmashri award from government of India for excellent contribution in the field of education &especially [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 018 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 in tribal & women’s education Wagh. For conducting interview of experts Introduction researcher has developed unstructured open Gandhiji said, ‘Intellectually, mentally questionnaire after the guidelines of expert in and spiritually, woman is equivalent to a male educational research. Also organized filed visit and she can participate in every activity”. From to the palaces where the real work of Sita in ‘Ramayana’ to Jhansi’s Rani Lakshmibai Anutaiwagh is existed like Boardi, Kosbad, are not only celebrated women but has also Dhanu & Aaine Dhabone. & maintain contributed to social change and awareness had observation dairy for writing own experience of been immense. India is the original home of the observed educational environment, Students mother Goddesses. Women in India have always centric program, social status of surrounding been honoured and respected. area etc. all field notes are also consider at the Operational Definition time of data analysis.Researcher has also 1. Personality of AnutaiWagh interacted with local people to know about their AnutaiWagh’s life is an inspiration in individual views & opinions. Researcher has also many ways. She was married early and widowed use two short films prepared by Gram BalShiksha in less than six months at age thirteen. Given Kendra, Kosbad on contribution of AnutaiWagh the customs of her time, Anutai had very little in the field of education. to look forward to in life.Fortunately, with Tools of data Analysis support and encouragement from her family, Researcher has used content analysis Anutai resumed her education. She stood first technique for data analysis. Researcher has in the Vernacular Final exam in 1925. She then developed content analysis chart as per the completed the Primary Teacher’s Certificate objectives of present study & expert’s opinion. course at the Women’s Training College in Pune Each book is refer very minutely & write major in 1929. contribution of AnutaiWagh. Narrative notes of 2. Women Empowerment each book is prepared & then present data Anutai has implemented various coding is made. Main codes are consider for data programs at Kosbad, Boardi & Dahanu for interpretations. Narrative notes of short film is women empowerment. Tribal women’s are prepared & written in film analysis chart. Data facing ample problems in daily life because of is code & main points is consider for data illiteracy, cultural & social problems. Anutai interpretation. works allot for overcoming these all problems Data of interview is analyzed & is consider as a work for women empowerment. converted into table form as a percentage. As Objectives of the present study per major codes researcher has decide the 1. To explain educational contribution of category like educational contribution, women’s Anutai Wagh education etc. All major points came from finding 2. To analysed special efforts of Anutai are consider for writing major findings Wagh for women empowerment Research Methodology Tools of Data Collection Present study is completed by Qualitative Researcher has collected data by research. Present research uses the data which is conducting literature review of more than 10 descriptive in nature. Tools that researchers used books written by AnutaiWagh& have written by in present study are observations, conducting other on the work done by Anutaiwagh. Also interviews, conducting document analysis, and conducted personal interview of 15 educationist analyzing participant products such as diaries, who have work & observed the work of Anutai images of certificates. Present study comes [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 019 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 under the Descriptive research methods & said yes, a decision which set the course for Applied Research category. From Qualitative the rest of her life. research methods researcher has selected Case Educational Contribution of AnutaiWaghat Study Method for present study. Case study Boardi&Kosbad method is effective research method for doing Anutai began her work in the Bordi – study of individual analysis Kosbad area (in Dahanutaluka, Palghar). With Educational Programs of AnutaiWagh TarabaiModak, she set up a Balwadi(playschool) Between 1929 and 1933, Anutai taught in a thickly forested tribal area in Bordi. There was at a village school in ChandwadTaluka in Nashik no road, electricity or any kind of communication. District. It was not easy. There was strong But need overrode inconveniences. There were opposition to educating girls and Anutai faced eight tribal hamlets nearby and about a hundred considerable hostility. But she persevered. She children in need of an education. The school was refused to make any distinction between men inaugurated by B G Kher, Chief Minister of the and women and addressed both as gender- then Bombay Presidency on December 24, 1945. neutral ‘friends’. The centre moved to its present location in Educational work of AnutaiWaghin Pune Kosbad Hill in 1957. In 1933, AnutaiWagh joined the well- Overcoming the tribal’ reluctance to known Huzurpaga School in Pune. She worked send their children to school was a challenge. there for eleven years during which time, in Anutai would go to the children’s homes, bring addition to her teaching duties, she was them to school, wash them, feed them and drop responsible for managing the library, the annual them back to their houses. Eventually, she used souvenir and school events. Anutai’s interest in a bullock cart to transport the children. child education was aroused when she came Anutai’s followed Gijubhai Badheka’s upon a copy of ‘Shikshan Patrika(Education approach and methods for teaching the children, Newsletter)’, a monthly magazine published by playing and singing with them, telling them Tarabai Modak. stories and helping them to learn from their Anutai did not allow her job to come in surroundings. She spared no effort to ensure the way of her education. She enrolled in the that the children attended school regularly. Huzurpaga Night School and completed her When she found that the reason for high matriculation in 1937. She completed her absenteeism in the months of February to June graduation in 1961, when she was 51 was that there was no food to eat in the children’s determined to finish despite the cataracts in her homes, Anutai arranged to feed them in the eyes school. Thus, was born the Anganwadi concept, Message from Mahatma Gandhi & Beginning central to India’s Integrated Child Development of New Journey with Tarabai Modak Scheme (ICDS). In 1944 Mahatma Gandhi has appeal to Anutai led from the front and set an all educated people about the progress of example for her co-workers with her commitment villagers, tribal & deprived groups at the and hard work and dedication. She was completely Borevali, Mumbai. Gandhiji has given message immersed in her mission. Over time, the ‘Gram to all educated members that ‘ Khedyakade BalShiksha Kendra’, which started as a play Chala’. In 1945 Anutai met TarabaiModak who school for tribal children has evolved into a center asked her if she was willing to work among the known for its experiments and innovations to tribal in Palghar. Tarabai was planning to start provide meaningful education to children. It has an experimental school for tribal children. Anutai developed inexpensive educational aids from [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 020 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 locally available material. Even today, it attracts 19. Receiving funding from State & experts and serious students of education from Central government for tribal development across India and many countries. 20. Effective Use of Youth Energy Contribution of Anutai Wagh for women’s Findings empowerment 1. Educational Programs of AnutaiWagh Anutail have observed the minute has made significant change in the tribal area situation of tribal family. She understand the 2. Tribal Women’s have increase their tribal problems & notice that for completing confidence after participation in regular school economical needs of family all members of program family are working. Especially problems of 3. Kosbad is become the popular female are very serious at the Boardi&Koasbad education centre for tribal people villages. There is no any authority who can touch 4. Magazine of Savitri & Shikshan Pakrika the thoughts & traditions of tribal people. Then specially given the new identity to the tribal Anutai has decided that if we really want women sustainable change in tribal family we need to 5. Participation of Tribal women is focus on women empowerment. Women can be increase in various educational programs like come in the regular flow of education & Anganvadhi & Gram Balsevika program observed what new is coming in the world 6. Due to the courses of Aganvadi Sevika Following programs are specially developed & Balsevika local teachers are created for by Anutaiwagh for women empowerment teaching in local area who knows local problems 1. Night School very well 2. Short term courses( Shivankam, 7. Short term courses of skill development Handmade work etc.) is played effective role for local employment 3. Establishment of family relations 8. Participation in education material 4. Namkaranvidhhi ( to decide the good preparation helps for economical earning & name for newly born child) local resources are also use properly 5. Haldi- Kunku 9. Orientation programs help for building 6. Shikshanpatrika Magazine confidence, developing interpersonal relations 7. Savitri Magazine & group learning activity 8. Preparation of educational material by 10. Education in local adhivashi local women language helps in participation of male, female, 9. Organization of Guest Lectures for adult & senior citizens in the educational Women program of Koasbad hill 10. Kisan orientation program 11. Direct & indirect ratio of employment 11. Varli Penting workshop is increase in Kosbad& surrounding area due to 12. Cultural Programme for women educational growth 13. Palanaghar Conclusion 14. Reading Libraries for girls Great contribution for women empower 15. Thane Jilha Shrhi Shakti Jagruti Samiti ment given by Anutai. She was the recipient of 16. Senior Citizen Education program several honours with some of the most 17. Education in local Adhivashi significant being the Padma Shri, Jamnalal Bajaj Language Award and the FIE Foundation Prize.In 1982, the 18. Participation of Government last decade of her life, Anutai co-founded Authority in various tribal program Grammangal with Ramesh Panse. In the thirty- [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 021 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 five years since, Grammangal has grown from strength to strength enriching the learning of 05 ever increasing numbers of school children in Maharashtra and outside. Due to the work of Women’s Law and actual AnutaiWagh There is a quiet transformation taking place in many tribal schools in beneficial policies for women Maharashtra. The most visible signs of the changes are that the tribal children are enjoying Prof. Manisha Bhamre school and learning better. In addition, there Incharge Director, teachers also appear more relaxed and are not Ashoka Business School Nashik distracted by such issues as absenteeism, indiscipline and dropouts. The reason: a large ======***********======number of schools have adopted the Abstract: ‘constructivist’ approach to education thought The importance of Women as we all know by PadmashriAnutaiWagh. Many more are in cannot be denied.Woman – the power to create, various stages of implementation of philosophy nurture and transform! The word ‘woman’ has though by AnutaiWagh embedded in itthe images of selfless love, care and affection. At the same time, women ignite References the spirit of power and hope. Best, J.W. & Khan, J.V. (2008). Research The remarkable contribution made by in Education. New Delhi: Pearson Publication the Women to society is for all to see.It is a well- Chandra, S.S., Sharma, R.K. (1997). known fact that women have paved the path Research in Education. New Delhi: Atlantic towards progress and struggled to take Publication ‘womanhood’ to a level where it is now. Panse, Ramesh. (2008). Kosbadcya Women around the world have fought to Tekdivarun. Mumbai: Rucha Publication secure women’s rights and build more equitable Patil, Ashok. (2016). Shikshanpatrika- societies. The voices of many women are still KosbadcyaTekdivarilAathavani. Kosbal: Gram unheard and are continued to be dominated from Bal Shikya Kendra securing their rights and realizing their full potential. But most are unaware of the Websites Constitutional Provisions for their rights provided http://nutanbalshikshansangh.org/ to them by the Law of our Country. kosbad The Government of India has initiated http://grammangal.org/pune many Schemes for empowerment of Women. Ministry of Women and Child Development,  Govt. of India has started many Programmes. This is a small attempt to highlight all the beneficial schemes to the readers. It also focuses on the challenges in the way of empowering Women.It brings to the fore the efforts taken by India in dealing with the burning issues relating to women. It also attempts to bring to light the various women laws and also certain policies and schemes provided by the [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 022 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 Govt. for the benefit of women. become a norm. Practice of Sati and dowry, parda The paper concludes with a positive note system, female infanticide, wife burning, sexual that with all the required tools in hand what is violence, sexual harassment at work place, required to meet the end is right administration domestic violence and other forms of and implementation. discriminatory practices are but a few such Keywords: Empowerment, Schemes, Constitution, instances. Law, Awareness. The reasons for such lowly inhuman Introduction behaviour are many but most importantly the Why is there talk about women empower male superiority complex and patriarchal system ment only ? Why women need empowerment ? of society can be listed as the topmost. To Women comprise almost 50% of the total world reduce these ill practices and discrimination population, yet this substantial section of the various constitutional and legal rights are in society needs empowerment. They are not in place but in reality lot has to be done to minority and biologically speaking is it a proven eliminate it completely. There are several self- fact that the female race is superior to the male help groups and NGOs working in this direction. race. And still the question that arises is why Women, themselves are breaking the the topic ‘Women Empowerment’ is the most glass ceilings and achieving great heights in all debated one. the fields; be it political, social and economic. Let us understand this in order to get to But Society is yet to accept women as being know what empowerment is all about. The need equal to men and crimes or abuses against for empowerment arose due to centuries of women are still rampant.For this to change, the domination and discrimination over women who Societal age-old deeply seeped in mind set needs were the suppressed lot. They have been and to be changed through social conditioning and still are targets of varied types of violence and sensitization programmes. discriminatory practices inflicted by men all over Rationale the world. India is no different when it comes to It is sad to see the discrimination and this. inequality that still continues to plague the India is a complex country and over society. Unfortunately, across the world, women centuries various types of customs, traditions had to and are still fighting for their and practices have been developed. These independence and protection of rights. Since customs and traditions have become a part of decades, women had struggled and are still our society’s collective consciousness. Female fighting to express their right to speech, to vote, goddesses are worshipped; great importance is to equality, to education, to income and most given to the mothers, daughters, sisters, wives importantly, to freedom. and other female relatives or friends. On the Most women are not only ignorant about other hand these very women are badly treated their rights but they also are not aware about both inside and outside their homes. the constitutional rights and the laws that have Indian society consists of people been enacted for the sole purpose of belonging to different religious belief wherein safeguarding their rights. The various govern every religion gives the women a special place, mental schemes and policies drawn for their teaching to treat women with respect and benefits are not known and understood by them. dignity. And yet society has developed in such a This paper is a small attempt to bring all the manner that various types of ill practices, both aforementioned within their purview of physical and mental, against women have understanding. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 023 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 Research Metholodgy: status as the men. During the early Vedic era This study is based on secondary data they were highly educated and references of sources. The necessary information about the women sages such as Maitrayi,Gargi shows the Women Empowerment Schemes in India and its importance a woman held during that period.. various components are collected from Books, There are evidences to show that widow Journals, Internet Source or related topic. marriages prevailed and Sati Pratha did not exist. Women Empowerment and its significance. Women had absolute control over their gifts and To empower the women means to give property received at the time of marriage (it was them the strength and equip them with skills to called “Parinaya”) and it was considered a sin rise above their miserable situations. But it also if relatives took away any sort of property lays stress on the need to educate the men by belonging to the wife (Stridhana). inculcating in them a sense of respect and duty During the period of Smritis (period of towards women who they need to treat as codification of social laws) women were denied equals. the right to study the Vedas. Marriage or Women empowerment simply means domestic lives become compulsory for women. giving power to women to decide for their own The Moguls allowed a sudden fall in the lives or inculcating such abilities in them so that dignified position occupied by Indian women. they could be able to find their rightful place in Education for women was stopped.All kinds of the society. discriminatory practices started to take from According to the United Nations such as child marriage, devadashipratha, Development Fund for women (UNIFEM), nagarvadhu system, sati pratha etc. Women’s women’s empowerment mainly has five socio-political rights were curtailed and they components: were made fully dependent upon the male · Generating women’s sense of self- members of family. Their right to education, right worth; to work and right to decide for themselves were · Women’s right to have and to determine taken away.During medieval period the their choices; condition of women worsened with the advent · Women’s right to have access to equal of Muslim rulers in India. opportunities and all kinds of resources; Later on when the Britishersarrived in · Women’s right to have the power to India ,they listened to the wise counsel of social regulate and control their own lives, within and reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Swami outside the home; and Dayanand who were influenced by the modern · Women’s ability to contribute in concept of freedom, liberty, equality and justice creating a more just, social and economic order. and questioned the prevailing discriminatory Thus, women empowerment is nothing but practices against women and thus the several recognition of women’s basic human rights and laws were enacted to improve the position of creating an environment where they are treated women, to bring back the dignity and glory of as equals to men. women. Women Empowerment in India Few of the enactments are as follows: Historical Background: · Act prohibiting the practice of sati (in Since ancient times to today’s modern 1850) period, the -social, political and economic · Cast disabilities removal act, 1850 condition of Women has been fluctuating. · The Hindu widow remarriage act, 1856 Women during the ancient times had equal · The special marriage act III of 1872 [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 024 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 · The married women’s property act, 1874 Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994. · The child marriage act, 1929 · The Sexual Harassment of Women at · The Hindu gains of earning act, 1930 Work Place (Prevention, Protection and) Act, These acts in themselves were very good 2013. but, since there was no matching enforcement, Government efforts they were largely on paper and were not The Government of India launched a reflected in the actual society. But these acts National Policy for Empowerment of Women in gave a spark, a chance to various reformers and 2001. Through the Ministry of Women and Child social workers like Ishwar Chandra, VidyaSagar, Development, a nodal agency, for all matters Ranade, and Annie Besant. pertaining to welfare, development and And the inclination of status of women empowerment of women, various beneficial started from this period.All the leaders of the schemes have been evolved. These schemes freedom movement were of the view that women are spread across a very wide spectrum such as should be given equal status in the free India women’s need for shelter, security, safety, legal and all types of discriminatory practices must aid, justice, information, maternal health, food, come to a stop. This could be possible only if nutrition etc., as well as their need for economic provisions to that effect would be included in sustenance through skill development, the Constitution of India which would help education and access to credit and marketing. eliminate age-old exploitative customs and Various schemes of the Ministry are- traditions thus leading to empower the women Swayamsidha program socially, economically and politically. — It is an integrated scheme for the Constitution of India and Women Empower empowerment of women at a total cost of Rs. ment 116.30 Crores. The Constitution of India is one of the —It is implemented by Ministry for finest documents in the world. It provides women and child development. provisions to secure equality in general and —Crux of this program will be the gender equality in particular. Various articles in establishment of women’s self-help groups the Constitution safeguard women’s rights by which will empower women to have increased putting them at par with men socially, politically access to all kinds of resources that they are and economically. denied, in addition to increasing their awareness Laws for Women in India and skills. · The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. —This program will benefit about 9, · The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976. 30,000 women with the setting up of 53,000 · The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, self-help groups, 26,500 village societies and 1956. 650 block societies. · The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. National commission for Women · The Medical termination of Pregnancy —Strengthening the overall processes Act, 1971. that promote all round development of women. · The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Rajiv Gandhi National Crèche Scheme Act, 1987. Working women needs support in terms · The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, of quality, substitute, and care for their young 2006. children while they are at work. This scheme · The Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal provides crèche and day care facilities to those Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and working women’s and poor women’s. This [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 025 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 scheme comes under the central social welfare -Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan board. Health & Nutrition Short Stay Home For Women and Girls -Integrated Child Development Scheme Short Stay Home for women and girls was -National Rural Health Mission introduced as a social defense mechanism, by —Janani Suraksha Yojana the Department of Social Welfare in 1969. The -Integrated Child Protection Scheme scheme is meant to provide temporary -Food Security Mission accommodation, maintenance and rehabilitative -National Iodine Deficiency Disorders services to women and girls rendered homeless Control Program (NIDDCP) due to family discord, crime, violence, mental -Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana stress, social ostracism or are being forced into (IGMSY) prostitution. Ujjawala Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of This schemes aims to prevent trafficking Adolescent Girls or SABLA of women and children for commercial sexual —It is a centrally sponsored scheme exploitation through social mobilization and aimed at all-round development of adolescent involvement of local communities, awareness girls. generation program generate public discourse —It aims at making the girls ‘self-reliant’ through workshops/seminars and such events by improving their health and nutrition status, and any other innovative activity. promoting awareness about health, hygiene, Conclusion and Suggestions: nutrition, adolescent reproductive and sexual It can be said that women in India, health, family and child care and facilitating through their own unrelenting efforts and with access to public services through various the help of Constitutional and other legal interventions such as guidance andcounseling provisions and with the aid of Government’s and vocational training. various beneficial schemes, are striving to find —It also aims towards mainstreaming their own place under the sun. But we still are out-of-school adolescent girls into formal/non- lagging in achieving the equality and justice formal education. Nearly 100 lakhs adolescent which the Preamble of our Constitution expects. girls per annum are expected to be benefitted Proper awareness for laws should be under the scheme. there. Laws should not be restricted to papers STEP (Support to Training and Employment only but the implementation of law should be Program for Women) there so that every woman can be familiar with —Aim of upgrading skills of women for her rights. The patriarchal and male-dominated self and wage employment societal structure which considers women as —The target group includes the subordinates to men and subjugates them is marginalized asset less rural women and urban another setback. Primary focus has to be to poor. educate and sensitize males regarding women Social Empowerment and Education issues and inculcate a feeling of togetherness -Elementary Education and equality among them so that they would -Secondary Education stop their discriminatory practices against them. -Vocationalization of Secondary Apart from Governmental efforts, NGOs too Education Adult Education must come forward to help. At homes must -Higher and Technical Education female members must be empowered by -Nutrition Education and Extension providing them equal opportunities of education, [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 026 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 health, nutrition and decision making without any discrimination. 06 Awareness camps for women should be organized where they can become familiar with Women Empowerment Status the framed schemes and policies and can take benefit of those schemes and policies. in India Thus the paper concludes with a positive note that with all the required tools in hand what Bhagyashree Gaikwad is required to meet the end is right administration MVP’s Vitthalrao Hande College of Education and implementation. Nashik

Bibliography ======***********======Websites: Women Empowerment https://www.indiacelebrating.com/ Women empowerment can be defined in social-issues/women-empowerment/ very simple words that it is making women https://www.indiacelebrating.com/ powerful self dependent so that they can take speech/women-empowerment-speech/wcd.nic. their own decisions regarding their lives and well in/womendevelopment/national-policy-women- being in the family and society. It is empowering empowerment women to make them able to get their real rights https://presidencyuniversity.in/specific- in the society. laws-for-women-empowerment-in-india Why Need of Women Empowerment in India https://m.greaterkashmir.com/news/op- As we all know that India is a male ed/women-empowerment-and-law/264288.html dominated country where males are dominated in every area and females are forced to be Books: responsible for only family care and live in the 1. Women & Laws In India by: Ashok home including other many restrictions. Almost Kumar Panda & Aniruddha Purushotham 50% of the population in India is covered by the 2. Gender Justice: Women And Law In female only so the full development of the India Paperback – 2006by Monica Chawla country depends on the half population means women, who are not empowered and still Published Research: restricted by many social taboos. In such 1. A study on women empowerment condition, we cannot say that our country would schemes in india Dr.Rashmi Rani Agnihotri H.R be a developed in the future without empowering and Dr.Malipatil, K.S. its half population means women. If we want to 2. gender equality in women empower make our country a developed country, first of ment in India Dr.N.Thyagaraju all it is very necessary to empower women by the efforts of men, government, laws and women  too. The need of women empowerment arose because of the gender discrimination and male domination in the Indian society since ancient time. Women are being suppressed by their family members and society for many reasons. They have been targeted for many types of [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 027 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 violence and discriminatory practices by the of the India (Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, male members in the family and society in India Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Swami Vivekananda, and other countries as well. Wrong and old etc) also had raised their voices and worked hard practices for the women in the society from for the upliftment of women in Indian society. ancient time have taken the form of well In India, the Widow Remarriage Act, 1856 was developed customs and traditions. There is a initiated by the continuous efforts of Ishwar tradition of worshipping many female Chandra Vidyasagar in order to improve the goddesses in India including giving honour to conditions of widows in the country. the women forms in the society like mother, In the recent years, various constitutional sister, daughter, wife and other female relatives and legal rights have been implemented by the or friends. But, it does not mean that only government of India in order to eliminate ill respecting or honouring women can fulfil the practices and gender discrimination against need of development in the country. It needs women. However, in order to solve such a big the empowerment of the rest half population of issue, the continuous effort of everyone the country in every walk of life. including women is required. Modern society is India is a famous country proving the being more aware about the women rights common proverb like ‘unity is diversity’, where which results in the increasing number of several people of many religious beliefs are in the Indian self-help groups, NGOs, etc working in this society. Women have been given a special place direction. Women are being more open minded in every religion which is working as a big curtain and breaking the societal barriers in order to covering the eyes of people and help in the achieve their rights in all dimensions even after continuation of many ill practices (including crimes are going side by side. physical and mental) against women as a norm Some of the acts passed by the since ages. In the ancient Indian society, there Parliament are Equal Remuneration Act-1976, was a custom of sati pratha, nagar vadhu Dowry Prohibition Act-1961, Immoral Traffic system, dowry system, sexual violence, domestic (Prevention) Act-1956, Medical termination of violence, female infanticide, parda pratha, Pregnancy Act-1971, Maternity Benefit Act- wifeburning, sexual harassment at work place, 1961, Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act-1987, child marriage, child labour, devadashi pratha, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act-2006, Pre- etc including other discriminatory practices. All Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques such type of ill practices is because of male (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act-1994, superiority complex and patriarchal system of Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place the society. (Prevention, Protection and) Act-2013, etc in Socio-political rights (right to work, right order to empower women with legal rights. to education, right to decide for themselves, etc) In order to provide safety to women and for the women were completely restricted by the reduce crime against women in India, govern male members of family. Some of the ill practices ment has passed another act Juvenile Justice against women have been eliminated by the (Care and Protection of Children) Bill, 2015 open minded and great Indian people who raise (especially after Nirbhaya case when an their voices for the discriminatory practices accused juvenile was released). This act is the against women. Through the continuous efforts replacement earlier Indian juvenile delinquency of the Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Britishers were law of 2000 (Juvenile Justice (Care and forced to eliminate the ill practice of Sati Protection of Children) Act, 2000) in order to paratha. Later, other famous social reformers reduce the juvenile age from 18 to 16 years in [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 028 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 cases of heinous offenses. education definitely raises women’s status In order to really bring women empower whether she contribute in the income of the ment in the Indian society, it needs to under family or not. She can be at par with men. stand and eliminate the main cause of the ill Majority of the women in our country are practices against women which are patriarchal uneducated that is why they are suppressed. It and male dominated system of the society. It is the duty of school teachers to tell them that needs to be open-minded and change the old becoming a wife is not their ultimate goal. Their standing up on their feet and being something mind set against women together with the is important. Education can bring phenomenal constitutional and other legal provisions. change in women’s life resulting in social Need of Women Empowerment transformation in the long run by inculcating Empowerment is probably the totality of following attributes among them: the following or similar capabilities: 1. Enhancing their confidence *Having decision-making power of their 2. Raising their status in the family and own society *Having access to information and 3. Bring awareness about their rights resources for taking proper decision 4. Boosting their self esteem *Having a range of options from which 5. Increasing their self efficacy you can make choices (not just yes/no, either/ 6. Reducing their dependency or.) 7. Better upbringing of their children *Ability to exercise assertiveness in 8. Enhancing their mobility collective decision making 9. Opening career opportunities * Having positive thinking on the ability Increased knowledge, self-confidence and awareness of gender equity are indicators to make change of empowerment process (Murphy-Graham, * Ability to learn skills for improving 2008). There is evidence that these components one’s personal or group power. are usually developed during and as a result of * Ability to change others’ perceptions higher education (Maslak and Singhal, 2008). by democratic means. Women, who are educated and earning, are in * Involving in the growth process and much better position in our society as compared changes that is never ending and self initiated to uneducated women worker. This is a * Increasing one’s positive self-image commonly understood view about the role of and overcoming stigma So from the above points education in transforming women. Hindrance of we can divide the components of Women Empowerment & in Higher Education Women’s empowerment in five components, There are many hindrances in the path of women which is self explanatory that why there is need empowerment and in higher education. Some of women empowerment:- -women’s sense of of them are as follows – self-worth; -their right to have and To determine Lack of education Financial constraints choices; -their right to have access to Family responsibility Low mobility Low ability to bear risk Low need for Achievement Absence opportunities and resources; - Their right to have of Ambitions for the Achievement Social status the power to control their own lives, both within Status of Women in Indian Society he worth of a and outside the home; -and their ability to civilization can be judged by the place given to influence the direction of social change to create women in the society. The Muslim influence on a more just social and economic order, nationally India caused considerable deterioration in the and internationally. Relationship between Higher status of women. They were deprived of their Education and Women Empowerment Higher rights of equality with men. Raja RamMohan Roy [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 029 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 started a movement against this inequality and subjugation. The contact of Indian culture with 07 that of the British also brought improvement in the status of women. The third factor in the ROLE OF HOMEMAKER IN revival of women’s position was the influence of Mahatma Gandhi who induced women to NURTURING GENERATION participate in the Freedom Movement. As a result of this retrieval of freedom, women i n Miss Vidhi Thakkar Indian have distinguished themselves as Management Student, teachers, nurses, air-hostesses, booking clerks, Ashoka Business School Nashik receptionists, and doctors. They are also participating in politics and administration. But Miss Sumedha Deokar in spite of this amelioration in the status of Management Student, women, the evils of illite racy, dowry, ignorance, and economic slavery would have to be fully Ashoka Business School Nashik removed in order to give them their rightful place in Indian society. Prof. Manisha Bhamre Conclusion Guide,I/C Director, On the basis of above detailed analysis Ashoka Business School Nashik it could be concluded that there is no doubt about the essential need of empowering women. ======***********======Now it is cleared that only literacy is not the Abstract ultimate solution but women should be highly The main aim of this study is to under educated to know their rights and duties. And stand the role of homemaker in nurturing should be able to use their rights as per the need. But it is also mandatory that there should generations vis a viswomen empowerment . The proper implementations what policies are made word “women empowerment” means empowering and what government of India has made the women in such way that theybecome capable different programmes regardingwomen to take their own decisions related to their lives, empowerment. family and society.This paper sheds light on the References: study of role of homemaker who are instrumental · Mamoon, D. (2006). Women’s Empower in the upbringing of the youth and in building ment through Education. [online]SDPI Research and nurturing a healthy and stronger future and News Bulletin. Vol. 13, No.2 & 3 ( March- generation. June 2006). The concept Women Empowerment is ·Maslak, M.A. & Singhal, G. (2008). The the broader concept and has a deep meaning in identity of educated women in India: Confluence it.It says that making women powerful which or divergence.Gender and Education, Vol. 20, helps them to take their own decisions by No.5, pp. 481-493. breaking all the limits of the society and ·Stein, J. (1997). Empowerment and family. Empowering women is important for the Women Health: Theory, Method and Practice. London: Zed Books. development of a society, since it helps in ·Verma, J. (2006). Gender, Girls and uplifting the quality and the quantity of human Women Education, New Delhi: Murari Lal & Sons resources available for development. ·Gulati, S. (2006). Women Education in In today’s world there is lot of need in 21stCentury, Jaipur: ABD Publishers empowering homemakers,after all she nurtures the generation in all those ways makes them [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 030 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 perfect or up to the mark where they can survive the home, the empress of the forest, the nurturer themselves in today’s world. Homemaker is the of nation youth. In an almost speculative way, women who spends all her time in looking after the home she builds or makes creates the space the home,kids,family .She doesn’t have the in her family’s minds and hearts to raise, to job,but still we can say she is doing the most grow, to reach their maximum potential they important a job than anyone else is.Her job is a have. thankless job. A homemaker helpsin learning all Women’s Empowerment also means her the hardship and life lessons so that the rights also her self-reliance, self-confidence, generation can survive on its own in the todays control, power to take decisions and also the competition world. ability to bring positive changes in the society. Keywords: Women Empowerment , Nurturing, When women looks after her house no one has Homemaker, Youth, to guide her that how she should maintain her Objectives: 1.To understand the concept of kitchen, she is the one who looks after all the women empowerment. 2.To know the meaning favorite dishes of each and every one present of a homemaker. 3. To understand the role of in the house. homemaker in nurturing future generation. Who is a homemaker ? Introduction: Homemakers are literally makers of the Women Empowerment home. The home is said to be one of the most It means encouraging women to be self- important places. It is the place where the most reliant, financially independent, have positive learning takes place. It is where character is built self-esteem, confidence to face any worst and habits are formed. The home is a place of situation whatever it may be and participate in safety and shelter from the world. Homemakers various socio-political development endeavors. choose the environment of their homes. Hence These gives us a sense in accepting women as it is necessary to Elevate the Word Homemaker! individuals responsible for making and taking A homemaker is the one who chooses to educated decisions about them as well as the stay at home and take care of family. A society, increasing and improving the economic, homemaker doesn’t mean a housewife or political and legal strength of the women, to married one or it isn’t that a homemaker should assure equal-right as men, achieve goals for be a woman or belong to any certain religion. A development and sustainability, and improve the homemaker is the one who possess love, time quality of life for their families and societies. and patience. To become a homemaker is a very Empowering the women starts from home itself personal decision. where in our home we have our homemakers The role of homemakers has certainly who make the home alive and nurtures the changed through the decades. We may not hear generations. The art of Homemaker is many women today saying they want to be a Homemaking, Homemaking means art of turning homemakers. They may not don’t see the the house to home.A homemaker converts four importance of homemaking.But all the walls of the house into a place where children homemakers need to take heart. They must can be nourished, a husband can rest and peace, remember that taking good care of children, a family can flourish, and friends can gather, spouse, and home never goes out of style. meet and enjoy. Of course, making a home Keeping the house clean, preparing healthy includes caring for a home, but at the heart of meals and being dependable are all values that homemaking is a clear vision of the desired are here to stay. future. The wife and mother she is the queen of Homemakers possess a lot of great [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 031 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 qualities. Ideally, homemakers are thrifty, plants organized, reliable, flexible, and resourceful · Preparing a budget people. The role of a homemaker includes food · Researching ways to use the planner, shopper, and preparer, housekeeper, household’s income most efficiently budgeter, errand runner, child caretaker, A homemaker has to looks after all the empathetic listener, and many more. aspects of running a household, right from Homemakers use their time, strengths, preparing meals, cleaning and maintaining gifts, and service to make their house a home. home, often decorating the home, minor home Following are few roles of a homemaker: repairs, creating a comfortable living environ · Planning meals ment. · Buying foods Need For Homemaker · Preparing and cooking food Homemaker is the person at home who · Serving food plays a very crucial role. Various roles and · Washing-up after meals responsibilities are performed by a homemaker. · Cleaning the house When children are in growing age, that’s the · Organizing the home time where homemaker can feed them all the · Decorating the home valuable qualities to survive in life like the values · Doing seasonal cleaning like washing of respect, kindness, helping, loyalty, trust all the curtains worthy and many more. These values are not · Decorating (arranging the furniture and taught anywhere in their schooling or colleagues ornaments, and choosing the colors of things) life, these things should be taught at correct time · Washing clothes to get better human being. · Ironing clothes If homemakers are raising children, they · Shopping for new clothes and other are molding tomorrow’s leaders. They should not family needs feel irrelevant because even if they don’t earn · Getting children ready for school an income, no price can be put on a homemaker’s · Bathing and dressing children time and attention.Providing a stable, loving · Feeding babies environment is the best thing a homemaker can · Playing with children do as a parent. · Caring for sick people As rightly said by David O : “The home · Caring for pets is the first and most effective place for children · Planning for guests and holidays/ to learn the lessons of life: truth, honor, virtue, celebrations self-control; the value of education, honest work, · Entertaining guests and the purpose and privilege of life. Nothing · Remembering everybody’s birthday. can take the place of home in rearing and · Helping with homework teaching children, and no other success can · Supervising music practice compensate for failure in the home.” · Reading storybooks Nurturing Future Generations · Putting children to bed Nurturing Future Generations goes · Teach children good values beyond the stilted rhetoric on the problems of · Also to give valuable environment to youth and the dilemma for society. Today’s children in home children are the next generations who will lead · Cleaning out the garage the world far beyond our own lifetimes. More · Maintaining and watering household than anything it is only the life skills and basic [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 032 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 human values that would make their lives easier and enriched. 08 The basic foundations of their early years should be strength for them to face the perils of WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: the world. And this foundation is laid by none EMERRGING ECONOMIC other than the homemaker! These strengths ST include curiosity, creativity, judgement, kindness, W ORKFORCE IN 21 CENTURY IN perspective, leadership, perseverance, bravery, INDIA zest, honest, social intelligence, fairness, forgiveness, teamwork, love, gratitude, love of Manisha Landge learning, self-regulation, spirituality, humility, Research scholar, appreciation of beauty, prudence, hope, and JJT University humor . Conclusion Dr. Shivkumar It cannot be denied that a homemaker Guide, HOD Economics department, plays a very important role in nurturing future JJT University generations and leaders of tomorrow. Her role also cannot be ignored or belittled. But it had to ======***********======be accepted that a homemaker should be WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP : EMERRGING empowered in her quest of shaping tomorrow’s ECONOMIC WORKFORCE IN 21ST CENTURY IN leaders and healthy youth. Empowering a INDIA homemaker may come in so many different ways. But firstly her role as a homemaker must be appreciated and respected. Research Methodology: The study is largely based on secondary data that is widely collected from various Journals, Research papers, and websites relating to the same. ABSTRACT In twenty first Century, the transformation Bibliography: of social material of the Indian society, in terms of · https://www.researchgate.net/ magnified academic standing of girls and varied publication/23795416_ Women_ Empowerment aspirations for higher living, necessitated a _in_India modification in the life style of Indian women. · http://ijgws.com/journals/ijgws/Vol_ Social and economic development of girls is 4_No_1_June_2016/5.pdf important for overall economic development of · http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/ any society or a rustic. Entrepreneurship is that papers/Vol11-issue4/H01145463.pdf the state of mind that many ladies have in her · https://pairedlife.com/relationships/ however has not been capitalized in India in How-to-Make-the-Transition-from-Worker-to- approach during which it ought to be. Homemaker Due to modification in atmosphere,  currently individuals ar more leisurely to just accept leading role of girls in our society, though there are some exceptions. She has competed [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 033 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 with man and with success stood up with him in than 36% of all businesses in 2012 [35]. This each walk of life and business. These ladies was a tremendous jump from year 2007. The leaders ar assertive, persuasive and willing to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) require risks. They managed to survive and reported that there are 126 million women succeed in this cut throat competition with their starting or running businesses. Among them 98 hard work, diligence and perseverance. million operating established (over three and a Developing and developed nations have half years) businesses. That’s how women realised that developing ladies entrepreneurship entrepreneur are impacting the global economy is indispensable to flourish, as economically 2. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY dominant nations within the trendy sophisticated This is a conceptual paper and the world. Therefore, creation of platforms and researcher has adopted the method of reviewing networks for entrepreneurial culture ar outstanding different research articles, research journals, problems globally. In this circumstances the websites, eBooks and case studies, to collect difficulties long-faced by ladies bourgeois and data about entrepreneurship and woman their standing within the society are mentioned. entrepreneurship which is consequently Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, capitalized, incorporated as an inspiration paper written by transformation, creation of platform, obstacles, the investigator. The study relies on secondary globle prespective, Opportunities. sources of knowledge. 1. INTRODUCTION: The main objective of the study is to “The best measuring device to the know and to study of current scenario of women progress of a nation is its treatment of its entrepreneur, and also to study of the obstacles ladies.”-—Swami Vivekananda faced by women entrepreneur. The researchers Within the twenty first century the have placed their own observations relating to business ladies within the kind of ladies identical. entrepreneurs ar highest rising entrepreneurial LITERATURE REVIEW populations within the India. In this gift era, the The focus of literature review will be at well- read women do not want to bind their lives the concept of entrepreneurship, and then drive in the four walls of the houses. A woman is jam- on to look at female entrepreneurship and packed with life as she plays several roles in related definitions. An important tool thought- her life. A woman may be a pilot of a family and about in permitting feminine management and successively nation. They can demand for equal liberation is feminine Entrepreneurship respect from others. However there’s a .Directing a literature review may be a important protracted approach for Indian ladies to attain component of the analysis method. This paper equal rights and position as a result of our Indian appearance at the literature around feminine Society traditions ar deep frozen and our society entrepreneurs, concentrating on feminine remains currently male dominated one. In spite entrepreneurship in India. of all social barriers, Indian women try to achieve Vosle in 1994 quoted that “The bourgeois their target. They manage to endure in this cut is one UN agency drives the method of economic throat competition with their hard work. process and mediates the inputs and outputs of The current development and changes the economic system”. in the world shows that women are currently Singh and Belwal (2008: 1) quote Desai making notable contribution towards the wealth (1999) to explain the roots of the word of the country. Forbes reports that they are bourgeois. They state “The word bourgeois becoming more entrepreneurial, owning more springs from the French verb enterprendre [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 034 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 meaning to undertake”. “Schumpeter (1934) She is additionally hospitable a life while not represented the bourgeois because the wedding and a parenting while not a father. originator UN agency introduces one thing new Women of nowadays have a brand new avatar into Associate in Nursing economy” within the free rolling 90’s. “…Kirzner (1997–authors own addition) TOP MOST WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN stressed the fact that the entrepreneur is the INDIA decision maker in a particular cultural context, 1. Successful Women Entrepreneurs in who commands a range of behaviour’s that India of 21stCentury exploit these opportunities”. 2. Akhila srinivasan, Managing Director, WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE 21ST Shriram Investments ltd CENTURY 3. Chanda Kocchar, Executive Director, This is the century of telecommunication, ICICI Bank IT and financial institutions. Women’s 4. Ekta Kapoor, Creative Director, balaji experience all told these industries is starting Telefilms Ltd to emerge and ladies ar rising as a force to 5. Jyoti Naik, President, Lijjat Papad. reckon with. Many of those new industries ar 6. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Chairman & headed and guided by ladies UN agency ar seen Managing director, Biocon Ltd. as pioneers and mavericks. The loci of power 7. Lalita D.Gupte, JMD, ICICI Bank. have shifted away from traditional venues such 8. Naina Lal Kidwar, Deputy CEO, HBSE. as old boys clubs, golf courses and cigar smoking 9. Preetha Reddy, Managing Director, rooms to power now being vested with energetic Apollo hospitals. new upstarts figuring out of their homes or on 10. Priya Paul, Chairman, Apeejay Park their laptop terminals from home. This new pot Hotels of chance will become the proverbial melting 11. Rajshree Pathy, Chairman, Rajshree pot for professionally trained and enterprising Sugars & Chemicals ltd. ladies. Here there are fewer barriers to 12. Ranjana Kumar, Chairman, NABARD. overcome, less pre-conceived notions, fewer SWOT Analysis: A parameter to examine the well entrenched assumptions and rules and growth and performance of women entrepreneurs lesser gender agenda in the secondary in India. environment. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS The transition to consecutive millennium Now the question is that what’s the is wherever the ladies can produce new which means of entrepreneurship for a woman? paradigms of being a female offspring UN Women Entrepreneurship means that not solely agency takes the responsibility of her folks, is a Associate in Nursing act of business possession, wife who wishes to create a home and a family, it also boosts the economy for everyone, and a mother who takes a charge of the children to the empowered women can smash scarcity - not make them the children of the new millennium. only for themselves, but for their families, She is additionally the bourgeois UN agency societies, and countries too. As per Government builds Associate in Nursing enterprise and of Asian country “An enterprise closely-held and discovers her relevancy and that means of her controlled by a girls having a minimum monetary life in herself. She accepts the individuality of interest of fifty one per cent of the capital and her identity and is willing to share the house. giving a minimum of 51 per cent of the Simultaneously with all the dreams of intimacy employment generated by the enterprise to she searches for mutuality, dignity and respect. women.” The policy maker cannot neglect the [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 035 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 truth that women are now a promising economic 4) and Mexico (No. 5). On the opposite hand, in force. Now the trendy world yet because the spite of India’s recent economic surge, it ranked democratic economy is currently balanced by the No. 16. Other rankings embody Japan (12), participation of each sexes. Women entrepreneurs Morocco (13), Brazil (14) and Egypt (15), and are creating a major blow altogether the segments Uganda (No. 17). of the economy that is quite twenty fifth of every A sense towards sovereign deciding is type of business. Business analysis, 2009 that the key issue to settle on the profession as women entrepreneur were growing twice as fast a challenge. Saddled with house chores as the other business since 1997 to 2002. Associate in Nursing different responsibilities During the 2008 economic depression, 5% of towards her family girls need to urge liberty high potential women and 4% of high potential underneath the influence of those factors and men left their employment to establish their own as an urge to try to one thing new. Such business. . circumstances are known as pull factors. In case WOMAN ENTERPRISES IN DEVELOPED of push factors girls engaged in business COUNTRIES activities because of family pressure and The growth issue is especially necessary therefore the responsibility is drive upon them. in high financial gain countries wherever girls PRESENT POSITION OF WOMEN ar more and more getting into technology ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA primarily based business ventures. As compared Women represent close to 1/2 the entire to males females-owned corporations show that world population yet as in Asian country companies headed by girls tend to be smaller & conjointly. Women are the better half of the grow a lot of slowly than those headed by men. society. In our societies Indian girls at treated Generally, smaller in size & slower growth rates as show items to be unbroken reception. But ar perceived as issues. Shane and venkataraman, currently they’re conjointly enjoying the impact (2000). Indeed girls face multi-dimensional of globalisation not solely on domestic however challenges like external finance as business conjointly on international sphere. Women take house owners & managers. Additional off of the four walls to contribute altogether barriersional include socialization networks & activities. Indian girls at able to take burden of practices, family roles and possible lack of labour in house and yet because the work place. business contacts. Disadvantages practised by From several survey it’s discovered that the girls altogether these areas are widely believed feminine entrepreneurs from Asian country are to end in higher failure rates & lower growth manufacturing a lot of capitals than the opposite rates for girls closely-held businesses. Bowen, a part of the planet. Since middle 1991, a drastic and Hisrich, (1986). An increasing variety of change takes place in Indian Economy. India has students believe that the expansion of a great entrepreneurial potential. At the current business is a minimum of, partially determined era, girls participation in monetary activities is by the entrepreneur’s motivations. marked by a coffee work participation rate. India Owned enterprises over the past sixteen provides a good example of entrepreneurs. years remains over the national average. As per stock market OPEN State of Women-Owned Business Report, the top-ranking countries on the basis of the revenue generation by the women-led firms are United State (No. 1), Australia (No. 2), Germany (No. 3), France (No. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 036 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 hinder women entrepreneur. For this women entrepreneur cannot overcome the obstacle before them to grow and flourish. In rural areas, women face more social and political obstacle. 3. Though our constitution speaks of equality between sexes, male patriot is still the order of the day. Male dominated society destroys a female capability ability shows much less than male. 4. In our India 60% of total women are illiterate. They are far behind in the field of education. Due to lack of appropriate education, women entrepreneurs are in dark about the rapidly growing new technology, new methods of production, marketing techniques, and other governmental policy. 5. Different institutions in the financial sector expand their utmost support in the form of different incentives, loans etc. Many woman Obstacles faced By Women Entrepreneurs in entrepreneurs do not aware of all these India: assistance provided by the institutions. Even the In Indian context attitude towards the financial institutes are not coming forward to women are still conquered by the tough give financial assistance to. resistance from the male ego and the problem In the present market scenario the of Indian women pertains to her key competition is too high; women entrepreneurs responsibility towards family. From the must survive in the market against the male beginning till the enterprise function, women counterpart who has enormous experience and entrepreneur comes across a series of problem. capacity to adopt technology in running In rural areas women are considered as helpers. enterprises. The main obstacles faced by women 6. For running an enterprise risk- bearing entrepreneurs are as follows: capacity is essential. But a woman in India by 1. The biggest turning point of a woman’ character is very shy. Beside this due to non- life is marriage. She turned into a daughter-in- adoption or slow adoption to changing law from a daughter. The priority is also changed technology also reduce their risk taking ability. with this. The dream of a woman has ripped like 7. For an enterprise a good management a fruit. Expectation from the family and personal is necessary. But many of women entrepreneurs commitment are mostly a great barrier for are not efficient at all in some managerial succeeding in business career. In such functions like planning, staffing, directing, circumstances, it will be very much complicated controlling, motivating, and coordinating. to focus and run their enterprise successfully. Therefore inadequate managerial ability of Because Indian women are much conscious women becomes a problem for them to run the about their family obligations compare to enterprise successfully. business responsibility. 8. Moving alone for business purposes 2. Cast and religions dominator also are still seemed to be with suspicious eyes. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 037 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 Sometimes, younger women feel uncomfortable bridge up the liaison between family support and when dealing with men for work related aspects. family satisfaction. A third limitation is the lack 9. Since women cannot run here and of awareness to the possible role played by there for promotion, supply and money growing cultures, values and ethics to the issues collection, they have to depend upon the middle of women entrepreneurship. men for these activities. Middle men lean to It is critical for women entrepreneurship exploit them in the excuse of helping. These research to fully understand the conditions under result in less sales and lesser profit. which the women entrepreneur experience 10. Self-motivation, self confidence are conflict between their roles. There is a need to the key ingredients for a successful business. consider the behavioural research. In addition But women suffer with lack of self confidence further studies to investigate the cross cultural because of their inborn nature. behaviour studies in different parts of India. The Table 1: Govt Plan for the Growth of Women study could also be based on the spiritual aspect Entrepreneurship Through Five Year on behavioural change in women entrepreneur

S. Five Year Plan Inspections on Women ship. This spiritual sight would also provide No. additional insights. 1. First Five-Year Plan Visualized a number of welfare measures for SGGESTIONS FOR PROMOTING WOMEN (1951-56) women. Sets up the central and social welfare board for promoting welfare work. ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA 2. Second Five-Year Plan Supported the development of women to work at (1956-61) the grass roots. Right efforts are required in the 3. Third and Fourth Five- supported female education as a major welfare Year Plans (1961-66 Measure improvement of women entrepreneurs and their and 1969-74) 4. Fifth Five-Year Plan emphasized training of women greater contribution in the entrepreneurial (1974-79) 5. Sixth Five-Year Plan recognized women’s lack of access to resources as a activities. Women entrepreneurs need to be (1980-85) critical factor impending their growth given assurance, freedom, and mobility to come 6. Seventh Five-Year Plan emphasized the need for gender equality (1985-90) out of their absurdities. The following actions 7. Eight Five-Year Plan focused on empowering women, especially at the (1992-97) grass roots level are recommended to authorize the women to

8. Ninth Five-Year Plan adopted a strategy of women’s component plan grab different opportunities and face challenges (1997-2002) 9. Tenth Five-Year Plan aims at empowering women through translating the in their business. (2002-07) recently adopted National Policy for Empowerment of Women (2001) 1] There should be a continuous attempt 10. Eleventh Five Year Plan encourage women in setting up their own ventures to inspire, encourage, motivate and cooperate Right efforts are required in the women entrepreneurs. improvement of women entrepreneurs and their 2] Attempts should be there to enhance greater contribution in the entrepreneurial the standards of education of women in general activities. Women entrepreneurs need to be as well making effective provisions for their given assurance, freedom, and mobility to come training, practical experience and personality out of their absurdities. The following actions development programmes, to improvise their are recommended to authorize the women to overall personality standards. grab different opportunities and face challenges 3] Attempts to establish for them proper in their business. training institutes for enhancing their level of LIMITATION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS work-knowledge, skills, risk-taking abilities, The study has several limitations. Firstly enhancing their capabilities. while the study psychoanalyze the relationship 4] Attempts to bring about a society between women entrepreneur and family. attitude change, generation of awareness and Secondly the parallel refereeing factor has not consciousness on the policy of self-development been judged, business satisfaction which may of women entrepreneurs. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 038 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 5] Attempts by various NGO’s and Southern Region in Malaysia, Economics and government organizations to spread information Finance 2011; 166-175(167-170): 1916-9728 about policies, plans and strategies on the 7. Saskia Vossenberg, Women Entrepre development of women in the field of industry, neurship Promotion in Developing Countries: trade and commerce. What explains the gender gap in entrepre 6]Forming a cooperative association of neurship and how to close it. Management 2013; women entrepreneurs to mobilize resources and 29 (5-16): working paper no.2013/08 pooling capital funds, in order to help the women 8. Information on http://www.umt.edu. in the field of industry, trade and commerce. pk/icobm2012/pdf/2C-78P.pdf 7] Offering seed capital, uplifting 9. Information on http://www.umt.edu. schemes, women entrepreneurs fund etc. to pk/icobm2012/pdf/2C-10P.pdf encourage them economically. 10. Information on http://www.forbes. 8] To establish all India forums to com/sites/meghancasserly/2013/06/04/america- discuss the problems, grievances, issues, and tops-dell-list-of-best-countries-for-women- filing complaints against constraints or entrepreneurs/ shortcomings towards the economic progress 11.Information on http://www.author path of women entrepreneurs and giving stream.com/Presentation/sweet.gal-605145- suitable decisions in the favour of women women-entrepreneurs/ entrepreneurs and taking strict stand against the policies 

REFERENCES 1. DR. AJAY SHARMA, MS. SAPNA DUA, Mr Vinod Hatwa Micro Enterprise Development and Rural Women Entrepreneurship: Way for Economic Empowerment. Economics and Management 2012; 127(119-123): 2278 0629 2. Gurendra Nath Bhardwaj, Swati Parashar, Dr. Babita Pandey, Puspamita Sahu Women Entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities and Challenges 3. Meenu Goyal, Jai Parkash WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA-PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS.International Journal of Multi disciplinary Research 2011; 195-207(196-200): 2231- 5780 4. Jayen K. Thaker, Obstacles faced by women Entrepreneurs in India: Management 2013; 121-122(122): 2277–8160 5. Silvia Popescu, Women And Men In Entrepreneurship, Issue 4 August 2012 6. Syed Shah Alam, Mohd Fauzi Mohd Jani, Nor Asiah Omar, An Empirical Study of Success Factors of Women Entrepreneurs in [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 039 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 The rural population in India comprises 09 the core of Indian society. The consumers have been sucked into the market economy and today AN EMPERICAL STUDY ON the market determines the needs and CONSUMER PROTECTION preferences ofconsumers. This consumer culture and the changing consumption pattern is now AWARENESS AMONG THE RURAL not only confined to the urban areas but is going WOMEN IN GUNTUR DISTRICT deep down to the rural markets. The rural markets are the new hunting grounds for the Mrs. KURRA SUBHASHINI business. A consumer is a person or group of Research Scholar, Department of Commerce people who are the final users of products and and Business Administration, or services generated within a social system. A Acharya Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar consumer may bea person or group, such as a household, the concept of a consumer may vary ======***********======significantly bycontext, although a common Abstract definition is an individual who buys products or The present investigation was carried services for personal use and not for out to know the awareness of rural women manufacture or resale. The terms “consumer” regarding Consumer Protection Act. The study and “customer” are oftenused interchangeably, was conducted on 200 rural women from Guntur but a consumer and customer are not always district. Convenient samplingtechnique was used the same entity. In essence,consumers use for sample selection and data were collected products while customers buy them. A consumer through an interview schedule. The results may also be a customer and acustomer can also indicated that majority of the respondents got be a consumer, but situations occur where this important source of information regarding is not the case. In general, yourmarketing efforts awareness about consumer protection act is should be geared toward the consumer, rather television. The average number of rural women than the customer. are aware of Consumer Protection Act. Customers and consumers also exist in Moderate level of consumer rights awareness the business world. If your business operates a among rural women consumers is observed. The fleet of company vehicles, for example, you will positive evidence has got that majority of rural likely be a consumer of services such as fuel women are aware of quality assurance standards. cards andinsurance sold by entities that KEYWORDS: Consumer Protection Act, specifically deal with businesses instead of the Awareness, rural women general public.These entities market their INTRODUCTION services directly to businesses in the hope of The customer is the most important ultimately making themtheir customers. It is in visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on a consumer’s best interest to have a high us. We are dependent on him. He is not an awareness of the productshe/she buys. Higher interruption on our work. He is the purpose of awareness can lead to saving money and/or it. He is not an outsider on our business. He is improving the quality of thegoods purchased, part of it. We are not doing him a favour by or in economic terms, increasing the chances serving him. He is doing us a favour by giving of being on a higher (better)indifference curve. us an opportunity to do so”~MAHATMA If we look at the opposite scenario, a poorly- GANDHI informed consumer will spendmore money on [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 040 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 products that provide less utility to the a great deal of influence in the economy as consumer, and there can be a loss, eitherprivate consumers, in other words, a lot of spending or social. power. As consumers, women live under a good The Consumer Protection Act for better deal of pressure. Many women must find ways protection of the interests of consumers. It is a to feed their families on a limited budget. They generous social legislation that lays down the search for a balance between affordability, rights of the consumers and provides promotion nutrition and availability countered with the and protection of the rights of the consumers. personal preferences of their families. This act has enabled to all consumers to secure Stopping for fast food seems easier than less expensive and often speedy redressal of their rushing home to cook dinner for the family after grievances. The act mandates establishment of a long day at work. The Indian consumers are consumer protection council at the central as well cheated to rupees in crores annually through as in each state and district to promote consumer various device invented by clever businessman, awareness and protection. In India, C. producers and traders. (Anon, 1995). It is found Rajagopalachari was the first to start Consumer that people prefer to absorband endure the Protection Council at Madras in 1950. The wrong done to them rather than light against Government of India came forward with injustice. This is because consumers do not know Consumer Protection Council in 1983 and the ways and means or racing them confidently Consumer Protection Act in 1986. This act was (Neelkhanta & Anand, 1992) an important legislation passed to ensure that REVIEW OF LITERATURE a proper system is established for the protection Review of earlier literature is crucial for of consumer rights and redressing of consumer the present study. The following researches had disputes. Consumer protection act is one of the conducted on consumer protection act dynamic parts of socio-economic legislation awareness. enacted for the protection of consumer by the Dr AK Chandra (2011)1 studied the way of right to safety, right to information, right working of Consumer Forum of Raipur district to choose, right to be heard, right to redressal and he also analyses theconsumer movement and right to consumer education. and highlighted the problems being faced by the At present, women are working as multi Consumer Forum of Raipur district. Heexamined tasked role players like house maker, employer, the hypothesis regarding consumer knowledge business and professional women with their and awareness. hard work. In these positions there has been a Sewanand (2012)2, Consumer Awareness gradual evolution in the status of women, and and Consumer Protection Act-A study. This study they are called as marketers. Women account reveals thatall the respondents are having for almost of all domestic purchases including general awareness in relation to consumer health care and sustain her family as a protection. They are well-versed withthe term homemaker. Homemaker was the actual buyers JAGO GRAHAK JAGO almost in all respect. for the food in the family (Nimkar, 1976). Home Quality parameters/standards Like ISO, ISI makers took independent decision in all the Agmark,etc., are also not new to them. areas of food buying except financial aspect. Dr. P.Jayasubramanian and Miss Women’s position as care givers has meant that A.Vaideke (2012)3 studied consumer awareness women engaged in the part of buying things that and Attitude towards consumer protection provide sustenance for home and family. measures. Their study revealed that no Although it is often played down, women have significant association between gender and [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 041 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 attending awareness meetings. They also responses were taken from the respondents studied the association between age and related with consumer responsibilities. Majority attending awareness meetings. Study also found respondents had given first rank to get the association between age and attending “guarantee and warranty card”. It was also found awareness conferences. that 67.14% respondents have awareness about Dr.N.Sundaram and C.Balaramalingam the consumer forums and 53.21% respondents (2012)4, Women awareness on consumer rights- felt that formalities are simple. Majority A Study with reference to Vellore city. The result respondents disagreed with the argument that showed that women consumers showed low “Consumer awareness increased with Consumer level of awareness about consumer rights. The Protection Act . 25% respondents felt that trade main reason for low awareness of consumer has increased due to Consumer Protection Act. rights among women consumers is low Only 20% respondents had given the opinion education and low socio-economic status. that Consumer Protection Act created quality Dr.Horen Goowalla (2013)5 A study on consciousness among the consumers. consumer protection: Its awareness among the A study was conducted by Dr.S.Mohan rural people in Assam: A case study with special and V.Suganthi (2013) on Rural Consumers’ reference to Jorhat district of Assam. A survey Awareness about Consumers’ Rights to know the was conducted on 400 consumers. 90% of the awareness level of rural consumers about the people surveyed have felt exploited by the seller consumers’ rights. The study was revealed at one time or the others.75% people were thatthere was a significant association between aware of the Consumer Protection Act, 25% of age, educational qualification, marital status the people are not. It is also found that 40% of and monthly income ofrural consumers and their graduate respondents were aware of the awareness about consumer rights. And there products and their quality while 30% Post was no significant association betweengender, Graduates. type of family, occupation and monthly income Deepika, D.Ratan Kumari (2014)6: A Study of rural consumers and their level of consumer on Awareness on Legal act of Consumer rightsawareness. Protection among Students. The study was NEED FOR THE STUDY conducted to find the awareness level among Woman is an active partner in the family the students towards various consumer today. Women are the key factor in all purchase protection legislations. Majority respondents are decisions and have become purchasing mediator aware of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Majority in her family. She has obtained a position in the respondents are aware of various acts. Low level society by desirable quality of her education and of awareness was reported towards the Hire employment. Product manufacturers recognized Purchase Act and the Railway Claims and the need of women support; hence they Tribunal Act. In the study, it was found that communicate and try to convince them through majority students getting awareness through all possible media. Since every human being is newspapers, journals and from course syllabi. consumer, they must be aware of the consumer The awareness towards Consumer Protection Act protection measures framed by the government. is 53.3%. The studies related to awareness of the Jamuna (2014)7: Consumer awareness consumer make attainable superiority in their and attitudes towards Consumer Protection motivation and help them to prove their Act1986. The study was conducted to find the perfection regarding buying things. An in-depth consumer awareness level. In the study, study of the buyers’ attitude and awareness [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 042 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 about consumerism may be more sensitive. analysethe consumer awareness ondifferent OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY aspects. 1. To understand the level of consumer LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY protection awareness among rural women The Study is confined to Guntur district of Andhra consumers. Pradesh. The Sample size is limited to 200 rural 2. To analyse the awareness level of women consumers. women consumers towards quality assurance DATA ANALYSIS standards. Table 1: Personal details of the respondents:

3. To analyse the women consumer Pro p ortion Demographic Fre q ue nc y o f Fac to r awareness towards consumer protection Sample (%) measures. 2 1-30 y ea rs 5 4 28 3 1-40 y ea rs 4 3 22 SCOPE AND PERIOD OF THE STUDY A ge 4 1-50 y ea rs 6 8 35 Above 50 years 3 0 15 The Data collection was confined to T otal 195 10 0 Sin gle 5 2 27 Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. In the study, M arried 112 57 M arital status rural women consumers awareness levels W id ow e d 3 1 16 T otal 195 10 0 towards consumer protection act, quality Ill iterate 3 7 19 Primary School 3 5 18 assurance standards, and consumer protections Edu ca tio nal Middle & High School 2 9 15 Qualification Higher secondary 2 7 13 rights were studied. The data was collected in Degree and above 6 7 34 the month of July 2018. T otal 195 10 0 E m plo yed 5 9 30 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY U nem p loy ed 9 9 51 O cc u pa tion Bu sin ess 2 8 14 The present study is useful to find the Professional 9 5 T otal 195 10 0 rural women consumers awareness towards Up to Rs. 5,000 8 8 45 consumer rights and other consumer related Rs. 50 01-1 0 ,000 3 2 17 Rs. 10 ,0 01 -1 5,00 0 2 2 11 aspects. The study will be benefited to design M onthly income Rs. 15 ,0 01 -2 0,00 0 1 7 9 Rs. 20 ,0 01 -2 5,00 0 1 9 10 consumer education programs, in rural areas. Above Rs.25,000 1 7 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY T otal 195 10 0 The relevant data were collected from Table-1 depicts demographic profile of both the primary and the secondary data for the respondents and it shows that majority of conducting anempirical study on women the respondents, i.e., 35% belong to 41-50 years consumer awareness towards consumer age group and few (15%) respondents are above protection act and quality assurance standards. 50 years of age group. The level of education A well-structured questionnaire was used to qualification describes that 34% of the collect primary data from the respondents. respondents have Degree and above educational SAMPLE DESIGN qualification and 19% are illiterates. Around half In orderto collect the data, a convenient (51%) of the respondents are unemployed and sampling method was used. To collect data, 200 a few (5%) of them are professionals. Marital questionnaires were distributed among the status explores that nearly more than half (57%) respondents. However, 195 questionnaires were of the respondents are married and few (16%) received from the respondents. The data were of them are widowed. Monthly income of the collected from the respondents from different respondents explains that almost half (45%) of villages of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh them earn up to Rs. 5,000 while a few (8%) of state. The secondary data was collected from them earn above Rs. 25,000. books, articles, Acts, newspapers andprevious Table - 2 Sources of awareness on Consumer research papers. Percentages were used to Protect Act [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 043 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019

Sources of consumers is moderate. awareness Freque ncy Percentage News Paper 38 19 Table - 4 Rural women awareness towards Radio 28 14 Consumer Protection Act Television 87 45 Others 42 22 Awareness Frequency Percentage Awareness Status Total 195 100 status

YES 109 56 YES NO 86 44 NO Total 195 100

Rural women awareness towards Consumer Protection Act is average, as the 56% respondents are aware of the Consumer Table 2 shows that the most important Protection Act and 44% are unaware of the source of information regarding awareness Consumer Protection Act. about consumer protection act is televisionwith Table - 5 Rural women awareness towards almost half (45%) of the respondents followed quality assurance standards by newspaper (19%), radio (14%) and others Quality Assurance Standards YES NO Total Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage (22%). ISI 135 69 60 31 195 In order to measure the consumer Hallmark 117 60 78 40 195 FPO Mark 88 45 107 55 195 awareness towards consumer rights, the Agmark 89 46 106 55 195 91.6 KDM 112 57 83 43 195 following table has been prepared from the Star Mark 97 50 98 50 195 collected data. Table - 3 Measuring Consumer Rights Awareness

Fully Partially Percent Percent Unaware Percent aware aware Right to Safety 51 (26) 76 (39) 68 (35) Right to informed 48 (25) 74 (38) 73 (37) Right to choose 38 (19) 69 (35) 88 (45) Right to be heard 39 (20) 65 (33) 91 (47) Right to seek redressal 33 (17) 76 (41) 86 (44) From the above table, it can be said that Right to basic needs 47 (24) 78 (40) 70 (36) Right to consumer education 45 (23) 71 (36) 80 (41) 51% consumers are aware of the ISI mark and Right to healthy environment 57 (29) 59 (30) 79 (40) 49% are unaware of the ISI mark. It can be From the Table 3, consumer rights concluded that majority consumers are aware. awareness can be measured. 29% respondents As far as the FPO mark is concerned, a very low are fully aware of the “Right to healthy percentage of consumers are aware (21%) and environment”. About 25% respondents are fully 79% are unaware. Majority consumers (81%) aware of “Right to safety”, “Right to be informed are aware of the 91.6 KDM and 56% consumers , “Right to basic needs” and “Right to consumer are aware of the Hallmark. 61% consumers are education”. Only 17% respondents are fully aware of the Agmark. Low level of consumer aware of “Right to basic needs”. It can be awareness was reported in case of the STAR concluded that on an average 22% respondents mark. are fully aware of their rights. 36% of the FINDINGS respondents are partially aware of the consumer 1. Majority of the respondents, i.e., 35% rights and 40% respondents are unaware of the belong to 41-50 years age group and few (15%) consumer rights. It can be concluded that respondents are above 50 years of age group. consumer rights awareness among rural 2. The level of education qualification [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 044 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 describes that 34% of the respondents have utilisation of their rights. Degree and above educational qualification and References 19% are illiterates. 1. Dr.A.K.Chandra.(Dec-2011),”Consumer 3. It is found that monthly income of perception and awareness about consumer almost half (45%) of the respondents earn up to rights and consumer Protection act: A study Rs. 5,000 while a few (8%) of them earn above indistrict Raipur”. The International Journals Rs. 25,000. Research Journal Of social science & manage 4. The most important source of ment, volume1, number, p 59-69. information regarding awareness about 2. Sewanand (2012), “Consumer Aware consumer protection act is television with ness and Consumer Protection Act-A study”, almost half (45%) of the respondents. International Journal of Transformations in 5. It is found that rural women Business Management, vol. No1, (issue No 6). awareness towards Consumer Protection Act is 3. Dr.P.Jayasubramanian and Miss average. A.Vaideke, (September 2012), “A Study on 6. It is found that consumer rights Consumer Awareness And Attitude Towards Consumer Protection Measures”. Indian journal awareness among rural consumers is moderate. of applied research, volume: 1(issue: 12). 7. Majority of rural women are aware of 4.Dr.N. Sundaram and C. Balaramalingam quality assurance standards. (December2012): “Women Awareness on SUGGESTIONS Consumer Rights–A Study with reference In order to increase the awareness toVellore city”. International Journal of Research towards consumer protection act the following in Commerce, Economics and Management, suggestions can be given: volume No 2(issue No 12). 1. Intensive consumer awareness 5. Dr Horen Goowalla (2013), “A study programs should be conducted especially for on consumer protection: Its awareness among rural women. the rural people in Assam: A case study with 2. Consumer clubs should be formed special reference to Jorhat district of Assam”, with rural women consumers. International Journal of research and 3. Intensive campaigns need to be taken development in technology and management up to bring awareness among the rural sciences, vol.20(issue 6). consumers not only towardstheir rights and 6. J. Deepika, D. RatanKumarai (2014), towards their responsibilities as consumers. “A study on awareness on legal act of consumer CONCLUSION protection among students”, International The rural women consumers showed low Journal of Science and Research, volume3 level of awareness about consumer protection (issue11), www.ijsr.net. act. The main reason for low awareness among 7. Jamuna (2014), Consumer awareness rural womenconsumers is low socio-economic and attitudes towards consumer protection act status. It can be further concluded that as the 1986-A study with reference to consumer awareness of women consumers regarding inVirudhinagardistrict, Indian Journal of Applied consumer rightsdecreases, its utilisation of their research, volume 4, issue April 2014, page no rights also decreases. Thus, the exposure of 7-10 media, awareness training camps through 8. Dr.S. Mohan, V. Suganthi, “Rural Government programmes and othereducational Consumers Awareness about Consumer Rights”, institutions improve the awareness level of International Journal of Innovative Research & consumer protection act and thereby increase Development, vol2(Issue 11), page no 136-141. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 045 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 „„ twu ƒ‹‰ƒ jksth ^—f"k fodkl VªLV* LFkkiu dsys- 10 rsOgkiklwu gh laLFkk Jfed oxZ] 'ksrdjh vkf.k R;kaP;k dqVqafc;kaP;k nqxZe Hkkxkr lkekftd&vkfFkZd lw{e foÙk ykHkkUo;s fL=;k vkf.k 'kS{kf.kd l'kähdj.kklkBh lfØ;i.ks dk;Zjr l'kfädj.k lq/kkj.;klkBh ,d vkgs- ns'k ekuuh; in~eJh M‚- vIiklkgsc iokj ;kauh ;k ifo= dk;kZyk lq: Bso.;klkBh vusd vk'kkoknh fn'kk & fHkeFkMh t=k ç;Ru dsys gksrs- efgyk l{kehdj.kklkBh laLFksus leku egÙo vkf.k egÙo fnys vkgs; ^^'kkjnk Jh- misaæ jes'k xykaMs efgyk la?k** ph LFkkiuk- gk foax efgyk l'kfädj.kkaoj lkrR;kus dk;Zjr vkgs tls dh O;olk; vfHkeq[krk lsfeukj vkf.k dk;Z'kkGk] çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vkf.k c¡fdax {ks=k'kh lacaf/kr fofo/k ;kstuk vkf.k miØe¼ƒ½- ======***********======xks"kokjk xsY;ko"khZ dsoG † yk[k i;ZVdkauk HkheFkMh efgyk l'kähdj.kklkBh efgykaps m|kstd tk=kps n'kZu >kys gksrs- ekxhy ƒ„ esxk çn'kZukaP;k dkS'kY; fodflr dj.ks gh efgyk l'kähdj.kklkBh ;'kkP;k vkf.k vuqHkokrwu çn'kZukrhy lsokae/;s pkaxyh i)r vlsy vkf.k ;keqGs efgykapk lkekftd ldkjkRed cny dsys xsys- Hkkx ?ks.kk;kZ Lo;alsoh Lrj okkys vkgs- ,dk oS;fäd efgykalkBh gs djr vkgsr- Bsohoj ¼ƒ…½ ,djdeh tek d:u] Lo;a&enr xV c¡dkaP;k O;ogkjkP;k [kpkZl deh djrkr vkf.k vkd"kZd jks[k jDde r;kj djrkr- Lo&enr xVka}kjs] O;ktnj cktkjisBsr Hkjrkuk c¡d NksVs xzkeh.k Bsohnkjkauk lsok nsÅ 'kdsy ¼ƒ†½- çR;sd ukxfjdkpk lUeku Eg.kts thou gks;- xfjch lUekfur thoukr ,d vMFkGk vkgs- [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 047 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 vk—rh ƒ% ckjkerh Hkkxkrhy xzkeh.k ,l,pthoj dk;sZ vkgsr- m|kstdrk rlsp m|kstd gs vkfFkZd y{k dsafær dj.kkjs egkjk"Vª {ks= fo'ys"k.k fodklk'kh lacaf/kr rlsp ;ksX; ekdsZfVax'kh lacaf/kr dkgh xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy yksd vtwugh vkgsr- m|kstdrk gh ,d çfØ;k vkgs T;ke/;s ,l,pthfo"k;h deh tkx:d vkgsr] fo'ys"k.kkuqlkj c;kZp oSf'k"Vîkapk lekos'k vkgs ts.ksd:u pkaxys n'kkZj çns'kkr xzkeh.k ,l,pth ¼mijksä vk—rh ƒ O;olk; LFkkfir dj.;klkBh [kkyh ;sÅ 'kdrhy- e/;s n'kZfoysys xq.k ƒ‰] „0] „ˆ vkf.k ƒƒ½ vtwugh gs dk;Z la/kh çksRlkfgr djrs- efgyk m|kstdrk tkx:drk lq/kkj.;klkBh vko';d vkgsr- iwohZP;k la'kks/kukuqlkj efgyk m|kstd ok

vk—rh †% ckjkerh] egkjk"Vª varxZr efgyk vk—rh „% ek;ØksQk;ukUl i‚OgVhZ ykbu ,l,pth m|kstdrk fo'ys"k.k fo'ys"k.kkuqlkj] nkfj|Zjs"ks[kkyhy [kkyh rhu {ks=s vkgsr ckjkerhe/;s efgyk m|kstdrslkBh vlysY;k ¼„ˆ] ƒ‰ vkf.k ƒƒ ojhy vk—rh „ e/;s n'kZfoY;k QkslZ Mk;jsDVsM vWukfyfllP;k vuqlkj] dehrdeh çek.ks½- efgyk m|kstdrk ek/;ekrwu xjhch deh fo'ks"kkf/k—r efgyk ,l,pthP;k ckcrhr] okLrfod vkf.k l'kähdj.k feGo.ks 'kD; vkgs- m|kstd oS;fäd deZpk&;kauk pkaxY;k m|kstd thou'kSyhph thou'kSyh rlsp fL=;kaP;k m|kstdrsl çksRlkgu foØh dj.;kph xjt vkgs- m|kstdrsoj R;kauh y{k ns.;klkBh ijLij oS;fäd deZpk&;kae/;s Hkjiwj dsafær dsys ikfgts ts m|kstdrsP;k O;ogk;ZrslkBh [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 048 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 rlsp m|kstdrk vkf.k O;olk;k'kh lacaf/kr †- [k=h] vkLFkk] laxhrk 'kekZ] vkf.k vk|k lq/kkj.kk lacaf/kr 'kstkjhy lgk¸; okusl v¡M eWustesaV vkf.k dke ;kaP;k ckcrhr efgyk l{kehdj.k okkyk vkgs- gk fo'okl ,dk jk=hr vkeP;ke/;s vkyk ukgh- iq:"k ç/kku laL—rhP;k iq<;kr vkeps vfLrRo yksi ikor pkyya gksra- L=h&i.kkr vkeps vk;q"; iw.kZ gksjiGwu fu?kr gksrs- ijarq dkgh L=h;kauh iqkyk- vkf.k ij[kMi.kkua lekt O;oLFksrhy L=h LFkkukps lkljh çpaM lklqjokl ykdwMQkVk xksGk dj.;kl egRo fo'kn dsys vkgs- tk.ks] 'ks.k xkso&;k tek dj.ks- bR;knh =klkrwu R;k Hkkjrke/;s L=h f'k{k.kkpk ik;k Eg.kw;k goa tkr gksR;k- v'kkrp R;kauk vkbZi.kkph pkgwy ykxyh- rj rks iqkys- R;keqGs teknkjkus xkokr fla/kqrkbZaph lektksi;ksxh dk;Z dk; dsys rs lkaxk- ex çd"kkZus cnukeh lq: dsyh- R;keqGs fla/kqrkbZaps irh ^Jhgjh vla lkaxko okVr dh] lektksi;ksxh dke çkeq[;kus lidkG* ;kauh fla/kqrkbZaP;k pkfj™;koj la'k; ?ks.;kl dsy; v'kh dkgh ukos MksG;kleksj vkyh- R;k lq:okr dsyh- uo&;kus R;kauk csne ekjgk.k d:u ;knhr ,d uko lkaxrk ;sbZy- fla/kqrkbZ lidkG gsp ?kjkckgsj dkkY;k uksOgsacj b- l- ƒ‹†‰ e/;s egkjk"Vªkrhy ^^o/kkZ** g;k gksR;k- v'kk voLFksr R;kauh ,dk dU;syk tUe ftYg;kr >kyk- g;k vukFkkalkBh lsokdk;Z dj.kk&;k fnyk- uo&;kus gkdyY;k uarj R;k ekgsjh xsY;k- Hkkjrh; lkekftd dk;ZdrZ~;k vkgsr- R;kauh vusd i.k l[;k vkbZus ikB fQjoyh R;k ftdMs jLrk [kMrj çlaxkauk rksaM nsr gtkjks vukFk eqykapk lkaHkkG fnlsy frdMs fQ: ykxY;k- jsYos&LVs'kuP;k dMsyk dsyk vkgs- vkiY;k eqykoj rj çR;sd t.k çse jkgw ykxY;k- m"Vkoysyh QGs [kkÅ ykxY;k- djrs- ijarq T;kauk dq.khgh ukgh] ok&;koj lksMy;] ,dnk R;kauh vkRegR;spk ç;Ru dsyk- ijarq vukFki.kkp tx.ka T;kaP;k okV;kyk vky;] Hkfo";kr ygku eqyhpk tho tkbZu o iki ykxsy g;k fopkjkus va/kkj vkgs- v'kk fujl vk;q";kl jlkG cufo.;kps R;k ijr fQjY;k fla/kqrkbZ fnolHkj Hkhd ekxr dke ekbZauh dsys- gtkjks eqykeqyhaph ek; gks.;kpa vlr-o jk=h LVs'kuoj ;sr vlr- ijarq vkY;kuarj HkkX; vkiY;k injh ikMwu ?ksry- [kjp vkEgk R;k d/kh ,dVs [kkr ulr- jsYosLVs'kjojhy leLr fL=;kauk vkiyk vfHkeku okVkok vls vkiys fHkdk&;kauk ,d= cksykowu ?ksr R;k dkyk d:u dk;Z vkgs- ekbZ vkiY;k dk;kZyk vkiY;k vkepk lokaZuk okVwu nsr vlr- R;kauhp „ƒ o"kkaZP;k rkbZauk lyke vkgs- fla/kqrkbZaps uko R;kaP;k ofMykauh fpa/kh laj{k.k fnys- i.k R;kaP;k uarj y{kkr vkys bZFks jkgwu vls Bsoys gksrs- o/kkZ ftY;krhy taxy Hkkxkrhy iksV Hkj.kkj ukgh- R;kauh Le'kkuHkweh xkByh cjsp uojxko gh R;kaph tUeHkweh R;kaps oMhy vfHkeku fnol Le'kkukr R;kauh fnol dkkyk vlrk rls gksÅ u;s Eg.kwu • ckyfudsru gMilj] iq.ks ekbZauh gk dBksj fu.kZ; ?ksryk- Lor%ps ckGari.k • lkfo=hckbZ Qqys eqyhaps olfrx`g] xkbZP;k xksB;kr >kya- Lor%P;k gkrkus eqyhph ukG fp[kynjk nxMkus rksM.kkjh ek;] uo&;kus ?kjkckgsj gkdywu • vfHkuo ckyHkou] o/kkZ nsÅugh vlgk¸; uo&;kyk iqUgk eqykçek.ks • xksfidk xkbZj{k.k dsaæ] o/kkZ lkaHkkG.kkjh ek;] çlaxh oklusP;k rkoMhrwu fla/kqrkbZauk feGkysys iqjLdkj lqV.;klkBh Le'kkukr jk=hP;k jk=h tkxwu dk<.kkjh fla/kqrkbZauk lqekjs ‰‡å jk"Vªh; vkf.k vkarjjk"Vªh; ek;] [kjp rqeP;k dk;kZyk lyke! iqjLdkj feGkys vkgsr- fla/kqrkbZaps gs dk;Z dks.kR;kgh ljdkjh • iq.;kP;k vfHk;kaf=dh d‚ystus fnysyk vuqnkukf'kok; v[kaM pkyw vkgs- gtkjks eqya f'kdqu d‚yst v‚Q baftfuvj iqjLdkj „僄 lektkr lqlaL—r Eg.kwu okojrkauk cf?krya dh] • „åƒå & L=h o cky dY;k.k {ks=krhy ekbZaP;k dkekph ikorh feGrs- lektkrhy oafpr lkekftd dk;ZdrZ~;kalkBh vlysyk egkjk"Vª 'kklukpk xV] [kj rj ekbZ ulR;k rj gh eqya dqB vlrh gk vkfgY;kckbZ gksGdj iqjLdkj fopkjp Hk;kud vkgs- v'kk g;k eqykaph ek;- ekbZ • ewfrZear vkbZlkBhpk „僅 lkypk jk"Vªh; [k&;k vFkkZua lekt l{e dj;klkBh ç;Ru djrk;- iqjLdkj Lor% HkkjrHkj vkf.k Hkkjrkckgsj lq)k uÅokjh fQ:u • vk;Vh ç‚fQV v‚xZuk;>s'kupk nÙkd Hkkjrh; L=hpk olk txHkj fejor vpkV o—Rokus ekrk iqjLdkj ƒ‹‹ˆ JksR;kauk ea=eqX/k d:u vkiyk vk'k; ekaMwu >kY;koj • lksykiwjpk M‚- fueZydqekj QMdqys Le`rh R;kaP;k dkekphgh ekfgrh nsrkr- vkf.k dk;ZØekP;k iqjLdkj 'ksoVh injkph >ksGh d:u vkiY;k vukFkky;klkBh • jktkbZ iqjLdkj inj iljrkr- vkysY;k ns.kxhrwu R;k gs vukFkky; • f'kofyyk iqjLdkj pkyorkr- ek; dk; vlrs lanHkZ %& rs vkiY;kyk dGrs • eh ouoklh vkRepfj= & fla/kqrkbZ yfMokGi.ks dqjokGrs lidkG MksD;ko:u gkr fQjors • https://www.sindhutaisapkal.org/. osnuk eukph letrs • sindhutai sapkal.Wikipedia frp [kjh ek; vlrs vkarjjk"Vªh; ikrGh  fla/kqrkbZ ;kauh vkiY;k laLFksP;k çpkjklkBh vkf.k dk;kZlkBh fu/kh ladyu dj.;kP;k gsrwus [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 052 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 reasons like these should be also kept in mind. 12 Why is Patriotism important ? Patriotism is a feeling that is supposed Women Role in Patriotism to be in every citizen of the nation. Patriotism is the proud feeling that should exist in every and Defence individual especially the youth. The youth are the future of the nation and for bright future it Rupali Nandkumar Somvanshi is important for them. To protect and per cure the nation and act in its best interest to make it outshine. ======***********======The Scenario of today is that the citizens Introduction: are busy complaining about the flashes of our What is Patriotism ? Government which is partially right but they Patriotism is a selfless passion of love should even consider to work for the growth and for one’s Country. To an Indian Patriot his mother development of the country by abiding the rules, and mother land are of more importance. helping the needing and to stop sexual assaults, Patriotism or National Pride can be defined as malpractices which has risen dramatically. one’s love and loyalty for his country. Many Hence, it is very important for the nation to be people dedicate their lives to serve for their Patriotic. nation. These people are referred to as patriots. Our present day students are not aware The feeling of patriotism brings people closer. of how we got independence and how we freed It must be promoted for the betterment of the ourselves from the clutches of the British rule. country as well as the people to residing them. They are not aware of the many unsung freedom Patriotism means having love and devotion for fighters which included even women were a one’s country. Those who are true patriot’s works great part of the struggle. towards building their nation in whichever way Ranilakshmi Bai of Jhansi who was a they can. queen and warrior. The Britishers even today say Patriotism is a feeling of attachment and that Rani Lakshmi Bai was one of the hardest to commitment to a country, nation, or political fight. Kasturba Gandhi who was the wife of community. A patriot is a one who is on the side Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, in association of his/her own nation. There is a difference with her husband she helped for civil rights and between Nationalism and Patriotism. Nationalism Independence from the British. thinks that every ethnic group should have its own Sarojini Naidu was known by the nation, so nation, are to serve people. There is sobriquet as the Nightingale of India. The scoria/debate underway about Patriotism and Women are even excelling in defence for the its definition. country. In 1994 women joined the air force as Most of us get shot of Patriotism during pilots in supports role among them Gunjan a India Pakistan match, or when soldiers are Sexana was the first women to fly support sorties martyred or whenever the subject of Kashmir in a combat zone during Kargil war. comes up shouldn’t other topics that concern Dr. Punita Arora, commissioned in 1968, the development of the nation also be upheld ? is the first women in Indian Navy to reach the People in India are still sturgeons with second highest rank as Lieutenant General. In poverty, discrimination, evils injustices and April 2017 a series, titled the Fest case was other social that make everyday life unbearable, aliased featuring the fictional story of first [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 053 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 woman training to serve in a combat role with Indian Armed force. 13 In the present times, In 1992 the Indian Army began inducting women affairs in non WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AT medical roles. On 19 January 2007 the united Nations first all female peace keeping force DEPRIVED AREA made up of 105 Indian police women deployed to Liberia. Priya Jhingan , commissioned in 1993, Samreet Kaur Birdi-Saxena is the one of the 25 women to join the Indian Army as an officer. Alka Khurana also commissioned in 1993, is the first women from ======***********======Indian Army to participate in Republic Day ABSTRACT Parade and Army Day Parade in 1994. Sapper This paper attempts to analyze the Shanti Tigga is the first female Jawan in the status of Women Empowerment in Deprived Indian Army who joined in 2014, first army Area and highlights the Issues and Challenges Jawans wife to join as an officer in the armed of Women Empowerment. Today the empower forces. Whose husband had fallen in a counter- ment of women has become one of the most insurgency operation near hilly Tawang in important concerns of 21st century. But Arunachal Pradesh in 2012. practically women empowerment is still an Conclusion:- illusion of reality. We observe in our day to day The citizens of India must be inspired to life how women become victimized by various serve the country in whatever way they can. The social evils. Women Empowerment is the vital Government, schools and other institutions must instrument to expand women’s ability to have take initiative to enlighten the spirit of patriotism resources and to make strategic life choices among the citizens. It is encouraging to read Empowerment of women is essentially the about women competing in every field and process of upliftment of economic, social and providing themselves. The youth should learn political status of women, the traditionally and try their best to serve for their country and underprivileged ones, in the society. It is the its people. Women have proven themselves in process of guarding them against all forms of the field of defence fearlessly and poured their violence. The study is based on purely from patriotic feeling for the people of the nation. secondary sources. The study reveals that women of India are relatively disempowered and References: they enjoy somewhat lower status than that of https://www.jstor.org> stable men in spite of many efforts undertaken by https://en.m.wikipedia.org wikki >patrio Government. It is found that acceptance of unequal gender norms by women are still  prevailing in the society. The study concludes by an observation that access to Education, Employment and Change in Social Structure are only the enabling factors to Women Empower ment. INTRODUCTION Empowerment of women is essentially the process of upliftment of economic, social [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 054 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 and politicalstatus of women, the traditionally confidence enough to find their grounds in the underprivileged ones, in thesociety. It is the male dominated society and make their process of guarding them againstall forms of substance felt. violence. Women empowermentinvolves the Women must possess the self - worth, building up of a society, a political environment, confidence and freedom to choose what they wherein women can breathewithout the fear of may with regard to their private and professional oppression, exploitation, apprehension, choices alike. Gender bias is unreasonable and discrimination and thegeneral feeling of wrong on so many levels, curbing potent persecution which goes with being a woman in a individuals from not only striving towards their traditionally male dominatedstructure.Women best but from living an independent life free of constitute almost 50% of the world’s population domination and fear. Women empower but India has showndisproportionate sex ment seeks to stimulate the confidence in ratiowhereby female’s population has been women by providing to them everything that in comparatively lower thanmales. As far as their their capacity to help them see the skills that social status isconcerned, they are not treated they contain and are dormant within them. A as equal to men in all theplaces. In the Western proper nurturing, polishing and sharpening of societies, the women have gotequal right and those skills is only made possible through better status with men in allwalks of life. But gender education, awareness and a space to freely disabilities and discriminations are found in express oneself. Indiaeven today. Theparadoxical situation has Household surveys in developing such that she was sometimes concerned as countries have consistently shown that women Goddess and at other timesmerely as slave. with more education have smaller, healthier and OBJECTIVE better-educated families. The linkages are clear: 1. To know the need of Women Empower Educated women are more likely to take care of ment. their health, desire fewer children and educate 2. To assess the Awareness of Women them well, which, in turn, makes it more likely Empowerment in India. their children will survive and thrive into 3. To study the Government Schemes For adulthood. Women Empowerment. Research by the World Bank and other 4. To identify the Hindrances in the Path organizations has shown that increasing girls’ of Women Empowerment. schooling boosts women’s wages and leads to 5. To offer useful Suggestions in the light faster economic growth than educating only of Findings. boys. Moreover, when women earn more money, WHY NEED OF EMPOWERMENT ? they are more likely to invest it in their children Women empowerment is one way to get the and households, enhancing family wealth and underprivileged as well as the reasonably well-being. Other benefits of women’s privileged women to come to realise their worth education captured in studies include lower and potential in the face of a male dominated levels of HIV infection, domestic violence and country/world. Most women through education harmful practices toward women, such as and familial privileges have in today’s world female genital cutting and bride burning. realised and appropriated their potentials in the Women empowerment helps in fighting this best possible manner. However unfortunately backwardness in ways mentioned below there is still a section of the society that · Ruling Out Under-Employment And constitutes women who lack education and Unemployment [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 055 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 · Recognising That Women Are Equally their path towards achieving their goals. Intelligent Conflict between family and Dreams · To Promote An Overall Development Of Women entrepreneurs have to deal with Society the conflict between their personal and · To Grant Women Economic professional life. How to manage their children Independence and family and get the support of their family is · To Reduce Scope Domestic Violence the biggest challenge they face because at the And Sexual Exploitation end the upbringing of the children is posed on · To Eradicate Corruption the mother. · To Get Rid Of Poverty Emotional Instability · To Facilitate National Development Women are taken to be emotional and · Realise The Advantageous Prospect Of temperamental in handling situations which may Women Over Men be adverse at times. Women entrepreneurs are CHALLENGES THAT HINDER WOMEN considered to be incapable of taking a risk and EMPOWERMENT bearing losses. Women have been prey to the patriarchal WAYS TO EMPOWER WOMEN society since ages. She has to face challenges · Changes in women’s mobility and social right from her birth till the time she steps out of interaction her house to become something and beyond that · Changes in women’s labour patterns too. She has to fight against the society at every · Changes in women’s access to and point in time. They say that the trend is changing. control over resources and Women are giving cut throat competition to men · Changes in women’s control over today! Is that so in reality? Here are the 6 Decision making challenges that woman face to step out in male · Providing education bounded society to be on their own to become · Self-employment and Self-help group Entrepreneurs: · Providing minimum needs like Nutrition, Financial resources Health, Sanitation, Housing First and foremost is the problem of · Other than this society should change raising capital. They consider the women the mentality towards the word women entrepreneurs as handicapped in handling the · Encouraging women to develop in their financial resources for their business. They fields they are good at and make a career cannot crack deals and convince the investors WOMEN EMPOWERMENT SCHEMES for their ideas easily because the mindset is 1. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme such that women entrepreneurs are not given 2. One Stop Centre Scheme priority easily. 3. Women Helpline Scheme Mainstream Thinking 4. UJJAWALA : A Comprehensive Scheme Indian women are considered as for Prevention of trafficking and Rescue, “homemakers” and not ‘’businesswomen” who Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of can go out and tackle the obstacles of carrying Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation out a business of their own and do all the stress 5. Working Women Hostel handling. They are bound to remain within the 6. Ministry approves new projects under realm of their home. This mainstream thinking Ujjawala Scheme and continues existing projects pulls them back to ground zero. The societal 7. SWADHAR Greh (A Scheme for Women pressure demotivates them before even starting in Difficult Circumstances) [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 056 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 8. Support to Training and Employment women has to be paid special attention. Programme for Women (STEP) 2. Awareness programmes need to be 9. NARI SHAKTI PURASKAR organized for creating awareness among women 10. Awardees of Stree Shakti Puruskar, especially belonging toweaker sections about 2014 & Awardees of Nari Shakti Puruskar their rights. 11. Awardees of Rajya Mahila Samman 3. Women should be allowed to work and & Zila Mahila Samman should be provided enough safety and support 12. NIRBHAYA to work. Theyshouldbe provided with proper 13. Mahila police Volunteers wages and work at par with men so that their 14. Mahila E-Haat status can be elevated in the society. 15. Mahila Shakti Kendras (MSK) 4. Strict implementation of Programmes FINDINGS and Acts should be there to curb the mal- 1. Globalization, Liberalization and other practices prevalent in thesociety Socio - Economic forces have given some respite to a largeproportion of the population. However,  there are still quite a few areas where women empowerment inIndia is largely lacking. 2. There needs to be a sea – change in the mind set of the people in the country. Not just the womenthemselves, but the men have to wake up, wake up to a world that is moving towards equality and equity.It is better that this is embraced earlier than later for our own good 3. There are several Government programmes and NGOs in the Country, there is still a wide gap that existsbetween those under protection and those not. 4. Poverty and illiteracy add to these complications, The Empowerment of Women begins with a guarantee oftheir health and safety. 5. Empowerment of Women could only be achieved if their economic and social status is improved. Thiscould be possible only by adopting definite social and economic policies with a view of total developmentof women and to make them realize that they have the potential to be strong human beings. 6. In order to create a sustainable world, we must begin to Empower Women. SUGGESTIONS 1. The first and foremost priority should be given to the education of women, which is the grassroots problem.Hence, education for [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 057 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 · To Study the contribution of Indian 14 Women in space 1.Kalpana Chawala Women Empowerment in 2. Sunita Williams 3. Meet Shawna Pandya Space, Science and Technology Kalpana Chawala- Kalpana Chawla was an American astronaut, engineer, and the first Mrs. Sapana A. Khandre female of Indian origin to go to space. She first Lecturer in physics flew on Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm ======***********======operator. Abstract: Women can be empowered only if Awards: Congressional Space Medal of they are given education and made aware of Honor, NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA their rights and hence they themselves priorities Distinguished Service Medal. their lives. Women empowerment refers to Suita Williams- Sunita Williams is an Indian increasing the spiritual, political, social or origin American former astronaut and United economic strength of women in diversified States Navy officer of Indo-Slovenian descent. streams. It involves the empowered developing She formerly held the records for total confidence in their capacities. It’s a spacewalks by a woman and most spacewalk multidimensional social process that helps time for a woman. Williams was assigned to the women to gain control over their own lives and International Space Station as a member of give contribution in strong nation building by Expedition 14 and Expedition 15. their knowledge and skills in various fields of Awards: Padma Bhushan, Commendation Space science and technology. Science and Medal, Navy Commendation Medal (2), Navy Technology have been an integral part of Indian and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, civilization and culture. Over the years Indian Humanitarian Service…... Medal, Humanitarian women have overcome the traditional mind-sets Service Medal and various other service and have excelled in professions like teaching, awards. medicine, engineering, information technology, Challenges on women biotechnology, nuclear science, space science Women in space face many of the same and many such specialized fields in the domain challenges faced by men: of science and technology. • non-Earth conditions Keywords: Space,Science & Technology, Nation • psychological stresses of isolation and Building, Women Empowerment • separation Introduction: Space technology is technology Women may face difficulties from : developed by space science or the aerospace • Pregnancy industry for use in spaceflight, satellites, or • Child Rearing space exploration. Space technology includes • Radiation spacecraft, satellites, space stations, and Women in Science and Technology: support infrastructure, equipment, and Science and technology have been an procedures. Space is such a novel environment integral part of Indian civilization and culture. that attempting to work in it requires new tools Women and men have been active in science and techniques. from the inception of human civilization. One of Objective: the defining marks of humanity is the ability to [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 058 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 affect and predict our environment. Science is Women Empowerment the creation of structure. For our world and Women‘s empowerment is a process in technology, the use of structure has been which women gain greater share of control over stepping stone to our progress. Women and men resources material, human and intellectual like have researched and solved each emerging knowledge, information, ideas and financial need. At a glance, women in general might look resources like money and access to money and like one of the many housewives – simple, docile, control over decision-making in the home, unassuming and humble. But make no mistake, community, society, nation, and to gain power for behind this simple straight face is a razor (Bisnath and Elson,1999). According to the sharp brain, and an uncanny ability to execute, Country Report of Government of India, to convert thought into action without much ado. Empowerment means moving from a position Women the world over want to see advancement of enforced powerlessness to one of power in areas they define as crucial to their well-being. (Batliwala, 1994).According to Cambridge Although various ethnic groups are viewed as English Dictionary empowerment means to critical underserved population groups in authorize. In the context of the people they have different countries, women are the one to be authorized to have control over their lives. population seen as a critical population When applied in the context of development the worldwide. particular segment of population, the poor, the Women everywhere may believe they women, the vulnerable, the weak, the oppressed have more important problems to solve than and the discriminated have to be empowered gaining education in science and mathematics to have control over their lives to better their which ultimately fosters economic development. socio-economic and political conditions. Kabeer Yet, experts say women must become involved (2001) defines empowerment as the expansion if they are to have input into the manner in which in people‘s ability to make strategic life choices science and technology are used and if societies in a context where this ability was previously are to benefit from the insights and knowledge denied to them. For women in India, this that women possess. suggests empowerment in several realms: Importance of Science & Technology: personal, familial, economic and political. There Education: Science and technology are some basic questions that come to the mind have made a remarkable contribution in the s that come to the mind when we talk of field of education. Technology has made empowerment education itself easier. It has provided us 1. Can women, decide, with dignity and options like smart classes, eBooks, etc. without any fear, their own goals and have the Internet: One of the best gifts science freedom and capability to act towards them? has given us is the internet, via the internet, 2. Do they have access to means of we can stay connected to our family and production to ensure economic independence friends. and physical security outside the house as a A Better Life: The invention of precondition to freedom of movement ? machines like X-Ray, ECG, blood sugar tester 3. Do their opinions and desires count has made our life a lot easier, previously at the level of family, the society and the country where we used to visit a doctor or a chemist ? for a blood sugar test, but now we can test 4. How do we provide opportunities to our blood sugar at any time and at any enhance their capabilities ? moment. 5. Does she have the right to own and [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 059 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 enjoy property ? levels. Science and technology brings economic 6. Does she have freedom from the growth and well-being to people and it is not drudgeries of the laborious domestic chores and only the empowerment of women through meaningless social restrictions ? science andtechnology, but also the enrichment 7. Is she able to freely participate in the of science and technology through women‘s development and status building of the nation participation. It is not the concern of one nation ? only, but there are many players and stake 8. Does she have mastery over holders in the aim to reach this millennium goal. vocational, managerial and life-saving medicinal We just hope that women become empowered skills ? at 100% and become equal to men so that both If answer to any of these questions is in of them may work sideby side for a better world the negative, it implies that women are not of today. It is necessary to recognize that the completely empowered. Thus, women’s participation of women in science and empowerment needs some basic ingredients technology is no longer simply an issue of gender which include fearlessness (implying absence equity: it is also an issue that should be of crimes against women), freedom from considered in national economic development. drudgery of laborious domestic chores, economic Women are both consumers and producers, they earning and productivity, ability to travel and can make a difference if they are involved and control speed, authority to take decision, considered in economicdevelopment plans. With sharing power and property with men and a science and technology at the heart of economic liberalizing education that can prepare grounds development, women‘s participation in science for the above (Batliwala, 1995) and technology is therefore an essential part of Institute: economic development strategies. 1. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Conclusion Observational Sciences, Nainital Women should be encouraged to bring 2. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, their vision and leadership, knowledge and Bangalore skills.Science and technology has a profound 3. Indian Institute of Science Education impact on all of humanity’s activities. Science and Research and technology inventions and discoveries, 4. Indian Institute of Science, (Bangalore) including the theory of the origin of the universe, 5. Indian Institute of Space Science and the theory of evolution, and the discovery of Technology, Thiruvanantahapuram genes, have given humanity many hints relating 6. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy to human existence from civilized and cultural and Astrophysics, (Pune) points of view. 7. National Centre for Radio Astronomy, Science and technology has huge impact Pune on all human activities and women has 8. Physical Research Laboratory, introduced a new vision to look towards space Ahmedabad and technology. 9. Radio Astronomy Center, Ooty The inspiration like Sunita William and Kalpana Chawla has drawn attention to the 10. Raman Research Institute, (Bangalore) deprived fells like space and technology. Conclusion: REFERENCES: Women should be encouraged to bring https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/womens their vision and leadership, knowledge and skills, empowerment views and aspirations into the development https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana agenda from the grassroots tointernational _Chawla [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 060 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 else. Women in society are seen as home- 15 makers, caretakers even in the health front the job of a nurse isgiven mostly to women, on the Women Empowerment : Role other hand, when it comes to women’s health or nutrition they are themost neglected ones. of homemaker to nurture the “Man can never be a woman’s equal in Generation the spirit of selfless service with which nature has endowedher” - Mahatma Gandhi .Home making is surely in reality the most important Nandini Amarchand Agrahari work in the world. A homemaker is the person nashik who nurtures and guides the entire family from children to the eldest member of the family. ======***********======Today , we see women’s working in various fields We know that Women play a very and achieving their goals. Women achieving strategic role in the development of society as National Awards , getting jobs in Multi National well as development of economy in general. companies and working as an officer to protect Women is the leader, planner of the family, the our country on border as well. Today women are first trainer, supplier of labour power and by no less than men in any fields. India being a playing focal role in the development of developing country has taken a good step to Agriculture, industry, service sector, socio- empower the women in every respective fields. culture etc creates a civilized society.According But realizing all this achievement , we resist to to United Nations - Women’s empowerment has think about those women of our country who five components: stay at homes for 24 hours and works 1. Women’s sense of self-worth; continuously by taking care of their families , 2. Their right to have and to determine making delicious food for the family , loving them choices; endlessly. She is the person who does the 3. Their right to have access to toughest job than any of the fields of the country opportunities and resources; . Getting up early in the morning and sleeping 4. Their right to have power to control in midnight. Taking care of each and everyone’s their own lives, both within and outside the food and about their health ,loving their children home; and , husbands and other family members endlessly. 5. Their ability to influence the direction “She was always on her feet .Cooking, washing, of social change to create a more just social and ironing.” economicorder, nationally and internationally. We see them working daily for the family Throughout history, women have usually members, but we never praise them for their worked for pay, either by contributing to farming hardwork, DO WE ? If a Woman is an officer,a and other family-owned businesses, or by working women or a professor, We respect them working for outside employers. Housewives than why don’t we respect our home makers our were common in developed countries for a few mother? The person who never gets off her from decades during the middle of the 20th century. duty , never demanded for a holiday nor a leave. It is said that,” You educate a woman, You She never dreamed but helps to complete our educate an entire family”. “I prefer the word dreams. ‘homemaker’ because ‘housewife, always While we may walked few miles towards implies that there may be a wife someplace women empowerment, the road is a long one. [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 061 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 Empowering women is key to our tomorrow, our future. Women’s empowerment is not and 16 cannot, be separated from the empowerment of nature, empowerment of all the marginalised GENDER EQUALITY IN RESPECT OF people and countries. Women’s struggles and movements are closely linked to peace WOMEN’S WORKING FIELD movements, ecology movements,workers’ and peasants’ movements, human rights movements MRS. VAISHALI S. KAMBLE and movements for democratisation NASHIK anddecentralisation of society. The need of the hour is to enable women to realize their potential. ======***********======While government must take measures like for ABSTRACT:- health, education, employment, awareness for Most of the literature on gender focuses women etc. it is incumbent on society tocreate on women and the factors that affect their socio awareness and create public values which will economic outcomes. A commitment to promoting promote women empowerment. Even women gender equality in economic outcomes, as in have internalized norms of Patriarchy that they other areas of social development and human themselves dominate other women. Like rights hass emphasized women’s empowerment domination of daughter- in-laws by their mother- .In development countries women are also in-law It is the culture which needs an overhaul. considered to be responsible of the reduction Asfamous Sociologist Andre Beteille has said- in economic gender disparities .Policy makers “Law only decides the direction which a society and social scientists have begin to emphasize should take,the actual direction of the society the role and Responsibility of the men and boys is decided by its culture”. in promoting gender equality .It is an serious “Today’s ‘housewife’ is a sassy, clever issue to consider.This abstract support for and opinionated woman who faces challenges equality between women and men may be on head –on and never shies from telling it like influenced in part by local and international it is – all the while hoping to create a happy discourse on gender equality .I think these are “home life”, regardless of what kind of home also important elements to consider when she has and who lives there.”Hence I conclude addressing such a complex and important by saying that home makers or housewives are subject ,but I m glad its one that is being talked the women who never complained for their job, about. so it’s our responsibility to praise them for their INTRODUCTION :- work and respect them equally as other working Gender equality does not mean that women’s in the society. ‘’Yatra nary astu women and men will become the same, but that pujyante ramantetatra devta” – As per women’s & men’s rights, responsibilities and Manusmriti- “Where Women are honoured, opportunities will not depend on whether they divinity blossoms there, and where ever women are born male or female. It implies the interests, are dishonoured, all action no matter how noble needs and priorities of both are taken into it maybe, remains unfruitful.” consideration, recognizing the diversity of THANKYOU ! different groups of women and men. Equality  between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of sustainable people centered [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF) MAH MUL/03051/2012 ® Special Issue Vidyawarta 062 ISSN: 2319 9318 Peer-Reviewed International Journal March 2019 development. promising results. Gender equity means fairness of Evaluations of this affirmative action treatment for women & men, according to their policy have found that in villages led by women, respective needs. This may include equal the preferences of female residents are better treatment or different, but which is considered represented, and women are more confident in equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, reporting crimes that earlier they may have obligations and opportunities. considered too stigmatizing to bring attention. When we talk about opportunity we are Female leaders also serve as role models talking about ensuring opportunity which is not and raise educational and career aspirations for on the basis of gender. We are talking about adolescent girls and their parents. correcting for gender biases so that economic Improvements in labour market outcomes improve for all. Many of the measures prospects also have the potential to empower concerning gender equality interplay with the women. an influential randomization study economy. found that job securities visits to villages to HOW DOES EQUITY LEAD TO EQUALITY ? provide information to young women. Gender mains framing is a very useful Recent initiatives on training and strategy. It overlays the gender lens across any recruiting young women from rural areas for action, policy and more. factory based jobs in cities provide economic Gender mains framing our workplace independence and social autonomy that they policies including hiring, pay performance and were unaccustomed in their parental homes. promotion enables positive steps towards CONCLUSION:- gender equality. Educating our children from an early age GENDER EQUALITY IN EMPLOYMENT. about the importance of gender equality could Employment equality relates to equality be a meaningful start in that direction. between women and men with respect to their treatment, opportunities and economic Reference: achievements in the workplace. The concept is http://in.one.un.org/unibf/gender- often viewed in relation to the workplace and equality/ labour organizations. Due to increasing diversity https://www.google.com/amp/s/ and the greater engagement of women in theconversation.com/amp/achieving-gender- workforce, there is evidence of ongoing equality-in-india-what-works-and-what-doesnt- discrimination and inequality. 67189 It is governed by a body of National  Legislation which leads with * Family Leave Entitlement * Equality of pay for work of equal value * Protection of women during pregnancy. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION :- There is a need for policy initiatives to empower women as gender disparities against the backdrop of economic growth. One unique policy experiment in Village Level governance that mandated one third representation for women in position of local leadership has shown [dÚmdmVm© : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Refereed Journal Impact Factor 3.102 6.021 (IIJIF)