DOCSLIB.ORG

The Problematics of Tribal Integration:Voices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Problematics of Tribal Integration:Voices The Problematics of Tribal Integration Voices from India’s Alternative Centers Edited by bodhi s.r and bipin jojo Published by The Shared Mirror Publishing House The Shared Mirror Publishing House shall endeavour to promote Dalit Bahujan literature and writers. It takes inspiration from the publishing efforts of anti-caste visionaries like Phule, Iyothee Thass, Babasaheb Ambedkar, Periyar and others. It aims to further the anti-caste discourse, following the course set by Round Table India, the Dalit Bahujan information portal, through publishing poetry, fiction and non-fiction. It is driven by a sincere desire to radically expand the horizons of Indian writing in English and other languages by providing a platform to a wide range of marginalized voices across the sub-continent. For more: www.thesharedmirror.org ebook edition 2019: ISBN 978-81-929930-3-4 Published in India by The Shared Mirror Publishing House, Hyderabad Copyright © 2019, The Shared Mirror Publishing House and Tribal Intellectual Collective India (of the collection). Copyright © of each work belongs to the respective author. Cover Design: Vishal P. Sarpe i Acknowledgement Our gratitude is as great as our debt to The Shared Mirror Publishing House for supporting the endeavor of the Tribal Intellectual Collective in deepening theory and intellectualism among indigenous tribal communities in India. For this we will always remain grateful to Kuffir and Anu Ramdas for sharing this critical reflexive mirroring space with us. The amount of work that both have invested in the book is tremendous. We also thank Nidhin Donald and Sundeep Pattem for their valuable feedback on the manuscript. We remain ever grateful to all of them. The papers included in this volume are articles sourced from the Tribal Intellectual Collective India (TICI). They have been presented, discussed and debated within the TICI’s regional and national assemblies and also published in the journals of the Tribal Intellectual Collective India. We wish to record our appreciation to the Tribal Intellectual Collective India for permitting the consolidation, refinement, upgradation and publication of the articles under specific themes and assigning us the responsibility to engage with this particular volume. For the first chapter 'Tribes and Indian National Identity: Location of Exclusion and Marginality' by Virginius Xaxa, we thank the Editor of the Brown Journal of World Affairs for permitting us to republish the same. It was first published in the Fall/Winter 2016, Volume XXIII, Issue I of the said Journal. Professor Virginius Xaxa is the National Convener of the Tribal Intellectual Collective India and we are indebted to his guidance and leadership for the Tribal community's struggle to turn itself into a knowledge producing community. We thank all members of the Tribal Intellectual Collective India for participating actively in the knowledge enterprise to keep our community narratives alive and to produce a knowledge that heals not only us but the world at large. We live in a world that in its search for a particular-universal, has lost its way. We hope to be able to show that there are other ways of seeing and living as diverse collectives in this world, ways that are fundamentally grounded in perspectives that see the world as context-pluriversal (rather than particular-universal) and guided by principles of living that are fundamentally rooted in diversity and dialogue. ii Table of Contents Foreword 1 Introduction 3 ~bodhi s.r and bipin jojo Problematizing the Discourse and Context 39 Tribes and Indian National Identity: Location of Exclusion and Marginality 40 ~ Virginius Xaxa Integration: A Historical Conspectus from a tribal/Adivasi Perspective 55 ~ bodhi s.r & raile r. ziipao The Frame of Reference 97 On the Politico-Historical Location of Scheduled Tribes in the Indian Constitution: Reflections on Critical Intersections 98 ~ Monica Sakhrani Unmasking Marxist and Nationalist Constructions of Adivasi Uprising: An Exercise in Historical Reassembling 108 ~Bhangya Bhukya The Polemics of Integration and State Making Processes 120 ~Rimi Tadu Discourse on Adivasi Development: Nehru and Elwin’s Perspectives 135 ~Venkatesh Vaditya Concrete Conditions and Dynamics 150 Sacred Groves: A Cultural Symbol of Tribal Political Self-Assertion 151 ~J.J. Roy Burman Conservation Refugees: A Methodology of Tribal Marginalization 162 ~Shyamal Bikash Chakma Interrogating the Concept of Collective Bargaining in Rongmei Tribe 176 ~Richard Kamei Tribes, Governance and Political Institutions in North East India 186 ~Joseph Riamei iii Revisiting the Sixth Schedule and the Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council 195 ~Kerlihok L. Buam Rabha Ethnic Politics and Role of the State: A Critical Appraisal 209 ~Jagmohan Boro Unravelling a Historical Contradiction: Problematizing Non-tribal Migration in Meghalaya 216 ~ Batskhem Myrboh Colonial Construction of ‘Agency’ in Andhra: Towards Understanding Tribal Resistance 230 ~Vulli Dhanaraju Movements and Organizations among Adivasis in Maharashtra: Politics and Process 249 ~Pandurang Bhoye Adivasi Rights and International Investments: Implications of Mining in Fifth Scheduled Areas 263 ~Abhay Xaxa Attempts to Amend the CNT and SPT Act in Jharkhand: Are We Witnessing the Rise of Settler Colonial Politics? 278 ~Niraj Lakra tribal/Adivasi Dialogues 290 Speech by Spokesperson of the Federation of Khasi States 291 ~ John F. Kharshiing A Dialogue with Saneka Munda of the Khutkati Rights Struggle 297 ~bipin jojo and Nicholas Barla Authors 304 iv Foreword Among the authors who have contributed to this knowledge project, some of whom I know personally, I observe a shared perspective and a distinct theoretical proposition that runs across their arguments, that of a need to shift the debate about tribes/Adivasis as ‘objects of theory’ to ‘subjects with epistemology’. In many ways this is a paradigm shift because earlier studies, the ‘pre-Xaxa’ tribal studies as my colleagues bodhi s.r and bipin jojo posits, have rarely noticed or realized the same. This fundamental shift has produced a space for the emergence, at least theoretically, of the recognition that there exists an embedded tribes/Adivasi episteme. Such arguments I believe will reframe and alter the very idea of knowledge in tribal/Adivasi studies. Why so? Because it reclaims tribal/Adivasi people’s perspective and pro-actively asserts epistemological existence as organic foundations of all that tribal/Adivasi studies concerns itself with; notions such as ecology, nature, body, identity, culture, polity and life. In my point-of-view, this phase in the history of tribal/Adivasi studies is critical, where there is an assertion of community epistemology as fundamental to the said domain of study, achieving in the process the defamiliarization and deconstruction of the role of the colonial epistemology in framing, invisibilizing and silencing tribes/Adivasis. Further, it warms my heart to note that this demonumentalizing project that bodhi s.r and bipin jojo has undertaken is taking place across tribal/Adivasi communities rather than within a few communities out of the 450 tribal groups. There is, as I observe, a community led initiative to methodologically grapple with these concrete theoretical conditions as an intellectual collective and not as a specific community. The recent formation of the Tribal Intellectual Collective India (TICI), as bodhi s.r informs me, holds some promise for an interesting phase of methodological muddying, theoretical mudslinging and probably a rise of new organic knowledge; more real, more genuine, more insightful in tribal/Adivasi studies. The Tribal Intellectual Collective being at the forefront of this knowledge project, are constituted by knowledge producers from within the tribal/Adivasi communities from across the country. Even though these collective efforts of intellectualization are in its initial phases, they are, in many ways, clearing the path for the rise of a new generation of tribal/Adivasi intellectuals and thought leaders with a pan Indian perspective and a much deeper and wider theoretical scope. 1 The book – ‘The Problematics of Tribal Integration: Voices from India’s Alternative Centers’ is an effort towards augmenting this knowledge project. Edited by bodhi s.r, the National Co-convener (Academics) and bipin jojo, the National Co-convener (Organization) of the TICI, the ideas expressed in the book are new, the thoughts refreshing, the position critical, the source organic, and the insights – simple but deep. It is rare that in such few pages are contained theoretical frames and arguments that provide such in-depth academic insights into the tribal/Adivasi as well as the Indian/Global reality. After reading the book, one is left wanting for more, while instantly being politically satisfied with the fact that someone from the tribal/Adivasi community has stood up to state the truth of the tribal/Adivasi historical condition at this moment in time. The theoretical contributions that the book makes are plenty, but few key ideas worth mentioning are 'problematization of epistemology' and the debates concerning thereof, the ‘Pre and Post Xaxa theoretical framework’, the brilliant exposition on ‘axiologicide’, the ‘adaptation-negotiation-freedom’ spectrum, and the multiple and diverse contexts that each of the authors bring to light concerning tribal/Adivasi history, social condition, political position, legal status, etc, spanning across the length and breadth of India. The introduction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interpretation of Women's Role: an Analysis on Khasi Tribe of Meghalaya
    Interpretation of women’s Role: An analysis on Khasi tribe of Meghalaya A Report submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in MSc.Applied Geograpy & GIS by NANDITA MATHEWS pursued in NORTH EASTERN SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE To CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF KARNATAKA Aland Road,Kalaburgi,585311 March 2019 Bonafide Certificate This is to certify that the project report entitled “Interpretation of women’s Role: an analysis on Khasi tribe of Meghalaya” submitted by Nandita Mathews to the North Eastern Space Applications Centre, Umiam, Shillong and Central University of Karnataka,Kalaburgi, in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree M.Sc in Applied Geography and GIS, is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by her under my supervision from 01/12/2018 to 31/03/2019 Dr.J.M Nongkynrih Scientist / SE Division of Remote Sensing North Eastern Space Applications Centre Umiam, Shillong Place: Umiam, Shillong March, 2019 2 Declaration by Author This is to declare that this report entitled " Interpretation of women’s Role: an analysis on Khasi tribe of Meghalaya " has been written by me. No part of the report is plagiarized from other sources. All information included from other sources have been duly acknowledged. I aver that if any part of the report is found to be plagiarized, I shall take full responsibility for it. Nandita Mathews TR2019007 M.Sc Applied Geography and Gis Central University of Karnataka Place: Umiam, Shillong Date: 31/03/2019 3 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Shri. P.L.N Raju, Director,NESAC for giving me an opportunity to pursue my internship in North Eastern Space Application Centre,Umiam.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewa State Census, Volume-1
    1931 Volume I REPORT BY PANDIT PHAWANI DATT' JOSHI, B. A Advocate Genpra t1 ·",a State, (SAGHELKH I-l N D) C. I. I n-charge Compilation of Census Report. 1934. 1;'RINTED AT THE STANDAt..) PRESS, ALLAHABAD- TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I.-REPORT. P.AGE. Introduction 1 Chapter I. Distribution and Movement of the Population 1-14 II. Population of City, Towns and Villages " 15-~2 ., III. Birth'place and Migration i'3-!J0 IV. Age 31-42 V. Sex 43-49 VI. Civil Condition 50-61 VII. Infirmities 62-68 VIII. Occupation 09-91 IX. Literacy 92-](10 " X. Language 101-109 XI. Religion 110-112 1 XII. Caste " ]]3-118 LIST OF MAPS & DIAGRAMS. 1. l\Iap of the State FRONTISPIECE. 1 2. Diagram showing the growth of the population of Bhopal State 188.1-1931 12 3. Diagram showing the density of population in Bhopal State and in ot her districts and States. 13 4. Diagram showing the increase or decrease per cent in the population of the ~izamats and the Tahsils of Bhopal State during the inter-censal period 1921-1931. 14 o. Diagram showing percentage variation in urban and rural population 21 6. The urban popUlation per 1,000 22 1. The rural population per 1,OUO 22 I:l. Diagram showing the distribution by quinquennial age-periods of 10,000 of each sex, Bhopal State, 1931. 4 I 9. Age distribution of 10,000 of each sel( in Bhopal State 42 10. Diagrams showing the numbers of females per 1,000 males by main age-periods, 1931..
    [Show full text]
  • IWGIA ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 Acknowledgements
    ANNUAL REPORT 2018 IWGIA ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 Acknowledgements IWGIA promotes, protects and defends indigenous peoples’ rights. We promote the recognition, respect and implementation of indigenous peoples’ rights to land, cultural integrity and development on their own terms. We would like to acknowledge all the valuable individuals and groups who have made our work in 2018 possible through various ways of support. We thank: our partners for their continued commitment and integral support; our network for their invaluable resources, time and energy; international institutions and mechanisms for their support and creating a platform for change; academics and experts for their knowledge and insights; our volunteers for their dedication and time; The Indigenous World authors, who year-after-year voluntarily contribute their expertise into this one-of-a-kind documentation tool; our members for their financial and operational support; our individual donors for their generous donations; and our project and institutional donors listed below for their partnership and financial support. DESIGN WWW.NICKPURSERDESIGN.COM COVER PHOTO THE WAYUU PEOPLE/DELPHINE BLAST Contents Indigenous peoples’ rights are key to a sustainable and just world 4 Who we are 6 Our work in 2018 7 Land rights and territorial governance 8 Maasai women elect leaders to their community-based organisation in northern Tanzania 9 Government official promises no village eviction over wildlife project in India 10 Wampis Nation legitimacy strengthened with international and national
    [Show full text]
  • Contested Past. Anti-Brahmanical and Hindu
    <TARGET "ber1" DOCINFO AUTHOR "Michael Bergunder"TITLE "Contested Past"SUBJECT "Historiographia Linguistica 31:1 (2004)"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "240"WIDTH "160"VOFFSET "2"> Contested Past Anti-Brahmanical and Hindu nationalist reconstructions of Indian prehistory* Michael Bergunder Universität Heidelberg 1. Orientalism When Sir William Jones proposed, in his famous third presidential address before the Asiatick Society in 1786, the thesis that the Sanskrit language was related to the classical European languages, Greek and Latin, and indeed to Gothic, Celtic and Persian, this was later received not only as a milestone in the history of linguistics. This newly found linguistic relationship represented at the same time the most important theoretical foundation on which European Orientalists reconstructed a pre-history of South Asia, the main elements of which achieved general recognition in the second half of the 19th century. According to this reconstruction, around the middle of the second millenium BCE, Indo-European tribes who called themselves a¯rya (Aryans) migrated from the north into India where they progressively usurped the indigenous popula- tion and became the new ruling class. In colonial India this so-called “Aryan migration theory” met with an astonishing and diverse reception within the identity-forming discourses of different people groups. The reconstruction of an epoch lying almost three to four thousand years in the past metamorphosed, in the words of Jan Assman, into an ‘internalized past’, that is, through an act of semioticization the Aryan migration was transformed into a ‘hot memory’ in Levi-Strauss’s sense, and thereby into a ‘founding history, i.e. a myth’ (Assman 1992:75–77).
    [Show full text]
  • Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (2010-2011)
    SCTC No. 737 COMMITTEE ON THE WELFARE OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES (2010-2011) (FIFTEENTH LOK SABHA) TWELFTH REPORT ON MINISTRY OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS Examination of Programmes for the Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTGs) Presented to Speaker, Lok Sabha on 30.04.2011 Presented to Lok Sabha on 06.09.2011 Laid in Rajya Sabha on 06.09.2011 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI April, 2011/, Vaisakha, 1933 (Saka) Price : ` 165.00 CONTENTS PAGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE ................................................................. (iii) INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ (v) Chapter I A Introductory ............................................................................ 1 B Objective ................................................................................. 5 C Activities undertaken by States for development of PTGs ..... 5 Chapter II—Implementation of Schemes for Development of PTGs A Programmes/Schemes for PTGs .............................................. 16 B Funding Pattern and CCD Plans.............................................. 20 C Amount Released to State Governments and NGOs ............... 21 D Details of Beneficiaries ............................................................ 26 Chapter III—Monitoring of Scheme A Administrative Structure ......................................................... 36 B Monitoring System ................................................................. 38 C Evaluation Study of PTG
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial) "1932'
    EAST INDIA (CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS) REPORT of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial) "1932' Presented by the Secretary of State for India to Parliament by Command of His Majesty July, 1932 LONDON PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H^M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 120, George Street, Edinburgh York Street, Manchester; i, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast or through any Bookseller 1932 Price od. Net Cmd. 4103 A House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online. Copyright (c) 2006 ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. The total cost of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial) 4 is estimated to be a,bout £10,605. The cost of printing and publishing this Report is estimated by H.M. Stationery Ofdce at £310^ House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online. Copyright (c) 2006 ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page,. Paras. of Members .. viii Xietter to Frim& Mmister 1-2 Chapter I.—^Introduction 3-7 1-13 Field of Enquiry .. ,. 3 1-2 States visited, or with whom discussions were held .. 3-4 3-4 Memoranda received from States.. .. .. .. 4 5-6 Method of work adopted by Conunittee .. .. 5 7-9 Official publications utilised .. .. .. .. 5. 10 Questions raised outside Terms of Reference .. .. 6 11 Division of subject-matter of Report .., ,.. .. ^7 12 Statistic^information 7 13 Chapter n.—^Historical. Survey 8-15 14-32 The d3masties of India .. .. .. .. .. 8-9 14-20 Decay of the Moghul Empire and rise of the Mahrattas.
    [Show full text]
  • With Special Reference to Indian Tribal Society]
    © 2018 IJRAR July 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) BELIEF OF TRIBAL’S IN SUPERNATURAL POWER AND ITS RELATION WITH RELIGIOUS LIFE [WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIAN TRIBAL SOCIETY] PROF. [Dr.] SUBHASISH CHATTERJEE, Principal-HOD Mr. RAHUL SHARMA, ASST.PROFESSOR Department of Management, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth [Deemed to be University] ABSTRACT Around seven percent of Indian population follows separate culture from rest of the populations of India. Those populations have been recognized as tribals. They believe in their self identity and altruistic attitude but it is restricted within their own sphere. Here researcher has tried to discuss about the relation of their religion with their daily life and their belief in supernatural power. This is simply an elementary study with a purpose to persist a broad research in future. Key words: Religion, Supernatural Power, Tribal, Rituals, Mana, Bonga, Animism, Animatisms, Immortality of soul, Faith in Rebirth, Magic & its faith and Totem and Taboo INTRODUCTION To stop the deviance of the social norms there is a requirement of supreme influences either through the government or any other resources. But in the tribal society they believe in supernatural power which has been influencing them since long. Since ages they have a fanatic belief on supernatural power within the tribal religion not only across India but also across the world. There are three indispensable elements i. Existence of superhuman and relationship with superhuman refers to the value system ii. Practices various rites and rituals lead to maintain relationship, to build up action system and to control the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Media and Film Studies Annual Report 2019-2020
    Department of Media and Film Studies Annual Report 2019-2020 - 1 - Introduction The Media Studies department at Ashoka University is led by journalists, commentators, researchers, academics and investigative reporters who have wide experience in teaching, reporting, writing and broadcasting. The academic team led by Professor Vaiju Naravane, teaches approximately 25 audio- visual and writing elective courses in a given academic year in the Undergraduate Programme. These range from news writing, audio-visual production, social media, media metrics, film appreciation and cinema, digital storytelling to specialized courses in research methodology, political coverage and business journalism. In a spirit of interdisciplinarity, these courses are cross-listed with other departments like Computer Science, Creative Writing, Political Science or Sociology. The Media Studies department also collaborates with the Centre for Social and Behaviour Change to produce meaningful communication messaging to further development goals. The academic year 2019/2020 was rich in terms of the variety and breadth of courses offered and an enrolment of 130 students from UG to ASP and MLS. Several YIF students also audited our courses. Besides academics, the department also held colloquia on various aspects of the media that explored subjects like disinformation and fake news, hate speech, changing business models in the media, cybersecurity and media law, rural journalism, journalism and the environment, or how the media covers rape and sexual harassment. Faculty published widely, were invited speakers at conferences and events and also won recognition and awards. The department organized field trips that allowed students to hone their journalistic and film-making skills in real life situations. Several graduating students found employment in notable mainstream media organisations and production hubs whilst others pursued postgraduate studies at prestigious international universities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Madras Presidency, with Mysore, Coorg and the Associated States
    : TheMADRAS PRESIDENG 'ff^^^^I^t p WithMysore, CooRGAND the Associated States byB. THURSTON -...—.— .^ — finr i Tin- PROVINCIAL GEOGRAPHIES Of IN QJofttell HttinerHitg Blibracg CHARLES WILLIAM WASON COLLECTION CHINA AND THE CHINESE THE GIFT OF CHARLES WILLIAM WASON CLASS OF 1876 1918 Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library DS 485.M27T54 The Madras presidencypresidenc; with MysorMysore, Coor iliiiiliiiiiiilii 3 1924 021 471 002 Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® Provincial Geographies of India General Editor Sir T. H. HOLLAND, K.C.LE., D.Sc, F.R.S. THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY WITH MYSORE, COORG AND THE ASSOCIATED STATES Digitized by Microsoft® CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS HonBnn: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, Man^gek (EBiniurBi) : loo, PRINCES STREET Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. Ji-tipjifl: F. A. BROCKHAUS i^cto Sotfe: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS iBomlaj sriB Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. All rights reserved Digitized by Microsoft® THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY WITH MYSORE, COORG AND THE ASSOCIATED STATES BY EDGAR THURSTON, CLE. SOMETIME SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MADRAS GOVERNMENT MUSEUM Cambridge : at the University Press 1913 Digitized by Microsoft® ffiambttige: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. Digitized by Microsoft® EDITOR'S PREFACE "HE casual visitor to India, who limits his observations I of the country to the all-too-short cool season, is so impressed by the contrast between Indian life and that with which he has been previously acquainted that he seldom realises the great local diversity of language and ethnology.
    [Show full text]
  • District Census Handbook, Thane
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK THANE Compiled by THE MAHARASHTRA CENSUS DIRECTORATE BOMBAY PRINTED IN INDIA BY THE MANAGER, GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS, BOMBAY AND PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, STATIONERY AND PUBLICATIONS, MAHARASHTRA STATE, BOMBAY 400 004 1986 [Price-Rs.30·00] MAHARASHTRA DISTRICT THANE o ADRA ANO NAGAR HAVELI o s y ARABIAN SEA II A G , Boundary, Stote I U.T. ...... ,. , Dtstnct _,_ o 5 TClhsa H'odqllarters: DCtrict, Tahsil National Highway ... NH 4 Stat. Highway 5H' Important M.talled Road .. Railway tine with statIOn, Broad Gauge River and Stream •.. Water features Village having 5000 and above population with name IIOTE M - PAFU OF' MDKHADA TAHSIL g~~~ Err. illJ~~r~a;~ Size', •••••• c- CHOLE Post and Telegro&m othce. PTO G.P-OAJAUANDHAN- PATHARLI [leg .... College O-OOMBIVLI Rest House RH MSH-M4JOR srAJE: HIJHWAIY Mud. Rock ." ~;] DiStRICT HEADQUARTERS IS ALSO .. TfIE TAHSIL HEADQUARTERS. Bo.ed upon SUI"'Ye)' 0' India map with the Per .....ion 0( the Surv.y.,.. G.,.roI of ancIo © Gover..... ,,, of Incfa Copyrtgh\ $8S. The territorial wat.,. rilndia extend irato the'.,a to a distance 01 tw.1w noutieol .... III80sured from the appropf'iG1. ba .. tin .. MOTIF Temples, mosques, churches, gurudwaras are not only the places of worship but are the faith centres to obtain peace of the mind. This beautiful temple of eleventh century is dedicated to Lord Shiva and is located at Ambernath town, 28 km away from district headquarter town of Thane and 60 km from Bombay by rail. The temple is in the many-cornered Chalukyan or Hemadpanti style, with cut-corner-domes and close fitting mortarless stones, carved throughout with half life-size human figures and with bands of tracery and belts of miniature elephants and musicians.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Eco-Philosophers Among the Tribal People: Letter from India
    Trumpeter (1993) ISSN: 0832-6193 Early Eco-Philosophers Among the Tribal People: Letter from India Henryk Skolimowski University of Michigan Early Eco-Philosophers Among the Tribal People: Letter from India 2 Henryk Skolimowski is a Professor of Humanities in the Engineer- ing School at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109. He also holds the first Chair for Ecophilosophy at the University of Poland. He is the author of numerous books and articles, the best known of which is Ecophilosophy: Designing New Tactics for Living. In the north east corner of India, squeezed between Bangla Desh, Burma and Bhutan, there rises a plateau of the Himalayan hills, which is a small state within the Indian nation and which is called Meghalaya. Some 40,000 square kilometers, on an elevation of between 4000 to 6000 feet. A lovely part of the world, as the hills of Meghalaya are covered with the singing pines. Why these pines have survived so well is a story in itself, to which we shall return. Meghalaya is otherwise called the Khasi Hills, as those hills are inhabited by the Khasi people. The Khasi are tribal people who speak Khasi language and hold to the Khasi way of life and the Khasi system of beliefs. Once they were rather rough people who would go to the lowlands to raid and rob other people - and they were feared for that as blood was often shed. But that was in the past. The Khasi are of Mongolian stock and their speech has non-Khmer affinities and is connected with Cambodian.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE) has been undertaking action research projects aimed at improving scholastic achievement in general, with a specific emphasis on idenufying the difficulties faced by first generation learners in school. The motivation underlying these projects arises out of the conviction, that differences in educability of groups of people, whether on the basis of socio-economic status, sex or any other socio-cultural factor, are not a result of biology nor are they insunnountable. The low academic performance of first generation learners who are essentially students belonging to the socio­ economically deprived sections of society, is due to pedagogic, linguistic and conceptual difficulties faced by them. HBCSE scientists believe that it is possible to design and test remedial measures to overcome them. This philosoph\' is explicated in section 1.2. Two action research projects, in the past have been based on the philosophy mentioned above. The first project (1975-78) was undenaken in schools around Khiroda, a rural area in Jalgaon district in the state of Maharashtra. This project aimed at identifying pedagogic, linguistic and behavioural difficulties faced by the first generation learners at school, and at designing specific remedial 1 measures. A related aim was the generation of a field-tested pedagogy based on the remedial measures designed to overcome identified difficulties. The project accepted factors like, infra-structural facilities in typical rural schools, qualifications of teachers, quality of text-books and the nature of examinations as inoperable. It aimed at motivating teachers to adopt the pedagogy incorporating the remedial measures by making them aware of the difficulties faced by their students.
    [Show full text]