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Archaeological Investigations in Front of the Spanish Governor's Palace In Volume 2018 Article 56 2018 Archaeological Investigations in Front of the Spanish Governor’s Palace in Plaza de Armas, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas Kristi Miller Nichols Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Nichols, Kristi Miller (2018) "Archaeological Investigations in Front of the Spanish Governor’s Palace in Plaza de Armas, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2018, Article 56. ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2018/iss1/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archaeological Investigations in Front of the Spanish Governor’s Palace in Plaza de Armas, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2018/iss1/56 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN FRONT OF THE SPANISH GOVERNOR’S PALACE IN PLAZA DE ARMAS, SAN ANTONIO, BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS FINAL REPORT (Non-Redacted) Prepared for: K. Friese + Associates Public Project Engineering 1120 South Capital of Texas Highway, City View 2, Suite 100 Austin, Texas 78746 Prepared by: Kristi Miller Nichols RABA-KISTNER ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 12821 West Golden Lane San Antonio, Texas 78254 Principal Investigator Kristi Miller Nichols, M.A., RPA Texas Antiquities Committee Permit Number 7299 ASF15-068-00 May 9, 2018 Management Summary In June of 2015, Raba Kistner Environmental, Inc. (RKEI) was contracted by K. Friese + Associates to perform archaeological investigations related to the replacement of a section of water main located to the east of the Spanish Governor’s Palace and City of San Antonio (COSA) offices within the Vogel Belt Complex. Since the project was sponsored by a political subdivision of the state and impacted land owned by the COSA, it fell under the jurisdiction of the COSA’s Preservation Ordinance (Division 3, Article VI Historic Preservation and Urban Design, Texas Unified Development Code) administered by the Office of Historic Preservation (OHP). Furthermore, the project also falls under the jurisdiction of the Antiquities Code of Texas, as overseen by the Texas Historical Commission. The investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 7299. Kristi Miller Nichols served as Principal Investigator. The project was divided into two phases. Phase I consisted of exploratory backhoe trenching and the monitoring of water main trenching in front of the Vogel Belt Complex. Phase II consisted of the removal of pavers in front of the Spanish Governor’s Palace and the monitoring of water main trenching and the replacement of the pavers. To accommodate logistical concerns by nearby property owners and to minimize disruptions, the two phases took place nearly a month apart from each other, beginning in June and completed in July. The Phase I trench (9.5 meters; 31.2 feet) was excavated to expose the main from the valve to a bend near Dolorosa Street. No cultural materials were encountered in the exploratory trench, and the SAWS contractor was allowed to continue the remainder of the mechanical trenching while monitored by RKEI archaeologists. Intact cultural deposits were identified near the southern end of the Phase II trench buried at a depth of 80-103 centimeters below surface in an area offset from the original water main installation trench. The intact deposit yielded only Spanish Colonial artifacts, indicating that in situ colonial materials related to the use of the Governor’s Palace and Plaza de Armas are potentially present. Investigations determined that intact cultural deposits dating to the Spanish Colonial Period are found in front of the Spanish Governor’s Palace and may extend across large portions of the Military Plaza. Therefore, as it has been the standard practice to date, archaeological investigations should continue to be carried out prior to future subsurface disturbances planned within Military Plaza. i Table of Contents: Management Summary ........................................................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................ iv Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 The Area of Potential Effect (APE) ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Historical Background and Previous Archaeology ............................................................................. 5 Spanish Governor’s Palace ............................................................................................................................ 9 Previous Archaeology .................................................................................................................................. 12 Chapter 3: Project Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 17 Field Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 17 Exploratory Backhoe Trenching ................................................................................................................ 17 Trench Monitoring .................................................................................................................................... 18 Laboratory Methods .................................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 4: Investigation Results ........................................................................................................................ 19 Phase I ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Phase II ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 5: Artifact Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 31 Native American Ceramic Wares ................................................................................................................. 31 Spanish Colonial Wares ............................................................................................................................... 33 Unglazed Wares ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Wheel Thrown, Possible Valero Ware .................................................................................................... 33 Red Burnish Ware ................................................................................................................................... 34 Lead Glazed Wares ................................................................................................................................... 35 Yellow and Green Glazed Ware .............................................................................................................. 35 Black Lusterware ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Tin Glazed Wares ...................................................................................................................................... 37 Puebla Blue on White II Ware ................................................................................................................. 37 San Elizario Polychrome Ware ................................................................................................................ 38 Chapter 6: Discussion and Recommendations .................................................................................................
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