DOCSLIB.ORG

Thermal Comfort in Naturally-Ventilated and Air-Conditioned Classrooms in the Tropics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thermal Comfort in Naturally-Ventilated and Air-Conditioned Classrooms in the Tropics Thermal Comfort in Naturally-Ventilated and Air-Conditioned Classrooms in the Tropics by Alison Grace Kwok B.A. (Knox College) 1977 M.Ed. (University of Hawaii at Manoa) 1980 M.Arch. (University of California, Berkeley) 1990 Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA at BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Charles C. Benton, Chair Professor Edward A. Arens Professor Gail S. Brager Professor Robert C. Spear Spring 1997 PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, UC Berkeley 1997 1 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d3k1jt PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, UC Berkeley 1997 2 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d3k1jt Thermal Comfort in Naturally-Ventilated and Air-Conditioned Classrooms in the Tropics © 1997 by Alison Grace Kwok PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, UC Berkeley 1997 3 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d3k1jt Abstract Thermal Comfort in Naturally-Ventilated and Air-Conditioned Classrooms in the Tropics by Alison Grace Kwok Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture University of California, Berkeley Professor Charles C. Benton, Chair Designers use thermal comfort standards, such as Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy by the American Society of Heating Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning (ASHRAE Standard 55-1992) and Moderate Thermal Environments - Determination of PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort by the International Standards Organizations (ISO 7730-1994), to design systems to provide a physical environment appropriate for thermal comfort. This thesis examines the comfort criteria of ASHRAE Standard 55-1992 for their applicability in tropical classrooms. The Standard specifies exact physical criteria for producing acceptable thermal environments: minimum and maximum limits for temperature, air speeds, and humidity that are often difficult to apply, particularly in hot and humid tropical climates. The Standard’s requirements are based in part on climate-controlled, laboratory experiments in temperate climates. The primary questions here ask: Are laboratory-based air-conditioning standards applicable in tropical climates? Does a different set of criteria exist for people accustomed to hot and humid climates than for those living in temperate climates? Preference for, or acceptance of, thermal factors beyond the prescriptions of the standard might suggest wider latitude for environmental control and air-conditioning set points. Borrowing primarily from previous thermal comfort studies in office buildings and adapting them for the school setting, I used a variety of methods to collect the data: survey questionnaires, physical measurements, interviews, behavioral observations, and statistical analysis techniques. Hawaii serves as a case study where 3,544 students and teachers completed questionnaires in 29 naturally-ventilated and air-conditioned PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, UC Berkeley 1997 4 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d3k1jt classrooms in 6 schools. Concurrent measurements of the physical environment were made during each class visit. The majority of classrooms failed to meet the physical specifications of the ASHRAE Standard 55-1992 comfort zone. Analysis of subjective responses using the thermal sensation, preference, and other scales and environmental indices, found votes of more than 80% acceptability by both naturally-ventilated and air-conditioned occupants whether in or out of the comfort zone. Responses from these two school populations, suggest not only a basis for separate comfort standards, but energy conservation opportunities through raising thermostat set points and certainly by choosing to design optimized naturally-ventilated environments. PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, UC Berkeley 1997 5 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d3k1jt Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated and Air-Conditioned Classrooms in the Tropics CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Codes and Standards in Design ............................................................................ 2 1.3 The Tropical Context ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 Hawaii Schools as a Case Study .......................................................................... 5 1.5 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Approach .............................................................................................................. 7 1.7 Organization of the Dissertation .......................................................................... 8 CHAPTER: OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH 2.1 The Thermal Environment ................................................................................. 10 2.1.1 A Definition for Thermal Comfort 11 2.2 Standard 55 History ............................................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Acclimatization, adaptation, expectation 17 2.3 Thermal Comfort Studies in the Tropics ............................................................ 21 2.4 Thermal Comfort Studies in Schools ................................................................. 24 2.5 Ventilation Studies ............................................................................................. 27 2.6 Summary ............................................................................................................ 29 CHAPTER 3: SCHOOL DESIGN AND THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 35 3.2 1800 - 1900 One-Room Schools to the Schoolhouse ................................................. 36 3.2.1 Pedagogy and Design 36 3.2.2 Conditions and Standards 39 3.3 1900 - 1950 Humanistic Approach ............................................................................ 42 3.3.1 Pedagogy and Design 42 3.3.2 Conditions and Standards 46 3.4 1950 - Present .............................................................................................................. 49 iv PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture, UC Berkeley 1997 6 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/65d3k1jt 3.4.1 Pedagogy and Design 49 3.4.2 Conditions and Standards 52 3.5 Future .......................................................................................................................... 56 3.5.1 Pedagogy and Design 56 3.5.2 Conditions and Standards 57 3.6 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODS AND EQUIPMENT 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 61 4.2 Climate of Hawaii .............................................................................................. 62 4.3 School Buildings and Classroom Descriptions .................................................. 63 4.4 Subjects .............................................................................................................. 64 4.4.1 Recruitment Method 64 4.5 Indoor Climate Measurements and Equipment .................................................. 66 4.6 Concurrent Outdoor Climatological Measurements .......................................... 71 4.7 Standardized Questionnaire (Subjective Survey) ............................................... 73 4.8 Indices and Scales .............................................................................................. 75 4.9 Measurement Protocol ........................................................................................ 78 4.10 Data Processing .................................................................................................. 79 4.11 Summary ............................................................................................................ 82 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 85 5.2 Descriptive Measures ......................................................................................... 86 5.2.1 Sample Size 86 5.2.2 Gender and Age 86 5.2.3 Length of Residence in Tropics 87 5.2.4 Clothing and Metabolic Factors 88 5.2.5 Use of Home/Car Air-Conditioning 90 5.3 Thermal - Physical ............................................................................................. 92 5.3.1 Measured Thermal Variables 93 5.3.2 Indoor Climate Indices 93 5.3.3 Comparisons to the Comfort Zone 94 5.4 Thermal - Subjective .......................................................................................... 97 5.4.1 Observed Measurements and Calculations 98 5.4.1.1 Thermal Sensation 98 5.4.1.2 Thermal Preference 102 5.4.1.3 General Comfort 105 5.4.1.4 Thermal Acceptability 105 5.4.1.5
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reference Guide
    Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools REFERENCE GUIDE Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Environments Division, 6609J 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20460 (202) 564-9370 www.epa.gov/iaq American Federation of Teachers 555 New Jersey Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20001 (202) 879-4400 www.aft.org Association of School Business Officials 11401 North Shore Drive Reston, VA 22090 (703) 478-0405 www.asbointl.org National Education Association 1201 16th Steet, NW Washington, DC 20036-3290 (202) 833-4000 www.nea.org National Parent Teachers Association 330 North Wabash Avenue, Suite 2100 Chicago, IL 60611-3690 (312) 670-6782 www.pta.org American Lung Association 1740 Broadway New York, NY 10019 (212) 315-8700 www.lungusa.org EPA 402/K-07/008 I January 2009 I www.epa.gov/iaq/schools Introduction � U nderstanding the importance of good basic measurement equipment, hiring indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is the professional assistance, and codes and backbone of developing an effective IAQ regulations. There are numerous resources program. Poor IAQ can lead to a large available to schools through EPA and other variety of health problems and potentially organizations, many of which are listed in affect comfort, concentration, and staff/ Appendix L. Use the information in this student performance. In recognition of Guide to create the best possible learning tight school budgets, this guidance is environment for students and maintain a designed to present practical and often comfortable, healthy building for school low-cost actions you can take to identify occupants. and address existing or potential air quality Refer to A Framework for School problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall ’17 Footwear Trends Smart Textiles Tech Advances Trade Show Previews & Recaps Making It in America
    TEXTILE INSIGHT Trends In Apparel & Footwear Design and Innovation • January/February 2017 iNvEnToLoGy HOW THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY IS INVENTING ITS FUTURE Fall ’17 Footwear Trends Smart Textiles Tech Advances Trade Show Previews & Recaps Making it in America A FORMULA4 MEDIA PUBLICATION TEXTILEINSIGHT.COM A breakthrough fiber innovation you have to feel to believe. Eastman Avra performance fibers wick better, dry faster, and keep you at your coolest and most comfortable. AVRAfromEastman.com ©2017 Eastman Chemical Company. Eastman brands referenced herein are trademarks of Eastman Chemical Company or one of its subsidiaries. The ® used on Eastman brands denotes registered trademark status in the U.S.; marks may also be registered internationally. JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2017 JANUARY/FEBRUARY Executive Editor Mark Sullivan [email protected] 646-319-7878 Editor /Associate Publisher Emily Walzer [email protected] Managing Editor Cara Griffin Art Director Francis Klaess Associate Art Director Mary McGann Contributing Editors Suzanne Blecher Kurt Gray Jennifer Ernst Beaudry Kathlyn Swantko Publisher Jeff Nott [email protected] 516-305-4711 Advertising Jeff Gruenhut [email protected] 404-467-9980 Christina Henderson 516-305-4710 [email protected] Troy Leonard [email protected] 352-624-1561 Katie O’Donohue [email protected] 828-244-3043 Sam Selvaggio [email protected] 212-398-5021 Production Brandon Christie 516 305-4710 [email protected] Business Manager Marianna Rukhvarger 516-305-4709 [email protected] Biosteel is the latest knit upper shoe technology from Adidas set to debut this year. Subscriptions store.formula4media.com Formula4 Media Publications 6 / In the Market 40 / Made in America Sports Insight The New Year begins with trade show previews, reports on Before “Think locally, act globally” became a popular buzz- Outdoor Insight Footwear Insight Performance Days, advances in digital textiles printing, and phrase, IDEAL Fastener was putting the strategy to work.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Thermal Comfort Analysis of the Cooling Effect of The
    sustainability Article A Comprehensive Thermal Comfort Analysis of the Cooling Effect of the Stand Fan Using Questionnaires and a Thermal Manikin Sun-Hye Mun y, Younghoon Kwak y, Yeonjung Kim and Jung-Ho Huh * Department of Architectural Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea; [email protected] (S.-H.M); [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (Y.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-6490-2757 Contributed equally to this work. y Received: 14 August 2019; Accepted: 12 September 2019; Published: 17 September 2019 Abstract: In this study a quantitative analysis was performed on the effect on thermal comfort of the stand fan, a personal cooling device that creates local air currents. A total of 20 environmental conditions (indoor temperatures: 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 ◦C; fan modes: off, low (L) mode, medium (M) mode, and high (H) mode) were analyzed using questionnaires on male and female subjects in their 20s and a thermal manikin test. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of items on thermal sensation, thermal comfort, thermal acceptability, and demands on changes to the air velocity. This step was accompanied by the thermal manikin test to analyze the convective heat transfer coefficient and cooling effect quantitatively by replicating the stand fan. Given that this study provides data on the cooling effect of the stand fan in quantitative values, it allows for a comparison of energy use with other cooling systems such as the air conditioner, and may be used as a primary data set for analysis of energy conservation rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Comfort in a Naturally-Ventilated Educational Building
    Thermal Comfort in a Naturally-Ventilated Educational Building David Mwale Ogoli Judson College, Elgin, IL ABSTRACT: A comprehensive study of thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated education building (88,000 ft2) in a Chicago suburb will be conducted with 120 student subjects in 2007. This paper discusses some recent trends in worldwide thermal comfort studies and presents a proposal of research for this building through a series of questionnaire tables. Two research methods used in thermal comfort studies are field studies and laboratory experiments in climate-chambers. The various elements that constitute a “comfortable” thermal environment include physical factors (ambient air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air movement and humidity), personal factors (activity and clothing), classifications (gender, age, education, etc.) and psychological expectations (knowledge, experience, psychological effect of visual warmth by, say, a fireplace). Comparisons are made using data gathered from Nairobi, Kenya. Keywords: Comfort, temperature, humidity and ventilation INTRODUCTION The “comfort zone” is an appropriate design goal for a deterministic mechanical system but analysis of many international field studies by researchers has questioned its relevance to passive solar buildings (Humphreys, 1976; Auliciems, 1978; Forwood, 1995; Baker and Standeven, 1996; Standeven and Baker, 1995; Milne, 1995;). Givoni (1998) revised his already authoritative and notable work on the building bio-climatic chart having recognized this new position. These revisions reflect a paradigm shift in thermal comfort for people relative to their thermal environment. The American Society of Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has been discussing how people adapt to higher indoor temperatures in naturally ventilated buildings (Olesen, 2000). There is mounting evidence (Humphreys, 1996; Karyono, 2000) that confirms that thermal perceptions are affected by factors that are not recognized by current comfort standards.
    [Show full text]
  • Education for Research, Research for Creativity Edited by Jan Słyk and Lia Bezerra
    EDUCATION FOR RESEARCH RESEACH FOR CREATIVITY Edited by Jan Słyk and Lia Bezerra EDUCATION FOR RESEARCH RESEACH FOR CREATIVITY Edited by Jan Słyk and Lia Bezerra Warsaw 2016 Architecture for the Society of Knowledge, volume 1 Education for Research, Research for Creativity Edited by Jan Słyk and Lia Bezerra Assistant editor: Karolina Ostrowska-Wawryniuk Scientific board: Stefan Wrona Jerzy Wojtowicz Joanna Giecewicz Graphic design: Gabriela Waśko VOSTOK DESIGN Printing: Argraf Sp. z.o.o ul. Jagiellońska 80, 03-301 Warszawa ISBN: 978-83-941642-2-5 ISSN: 2450-8918 Publisher: Wydział Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej ul. Koszykowa 55, 00-659 Warszawa, Polska Copywright © by Wydział Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej Warszawa 2016, Polska All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopy, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. This book is part of a project supported by a grant from Norway through the Norway Grants and co-financed by the Polish funds. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The findings and conclusions of this book are solely representative of the authors’ beliefs. Opinions, findings and other writings published in this book in no way reflect the opinion or position of the publisher, scientific board, editor, its sponsors and other affiliated institutions. CONTENTS Foreword Jan Słyk and Lia Bezerra 7 EDUCATION Developing a New PhD Curriculum for an English-speaking Doctoral Course at the Architecture for the Society of Knowledge Program, Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University of Technology Jan Słyk, Krzysztof Koszewski, Karolina Ostrowska, Lia M.
    [Show full text]
  • To Be Published in Gazette of India, Extra Ordinary, Part 1, Section1
    To be published in Gazette of India, Extra ordinary, Part 1, Section1 F. No. 15/16/2013-DGAD Government of India Ministry of Commerce & Industry Department of Commerce (Directorate General of Anti Dumping & Allied Duties) 4th Floor, Jeevan Tara Building, 5, Parliament Street, New Delhi 110001 Dated the 23rd March, 2015 NOTIFICATION (Final Findings) Subject: Final Findings in the sunset review of anti-dumping duty imposed on the imports of Acrylic Fibre originating in or exported from Korea RP and Thailand-reg. A. BACKGROUND OF THE CASE 1. No. 15/16/2013-DGAD:- Whereas having regard to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 as amended from time to time (herein after referred to as the Act) and the Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury) Rules, 1995 (herein after referred to as the AD Rules), the Designated Authority (herein after referred to as the Authority), initiated the original anti dumping investigation in respect of the imports of Acrylic Fibre (hereinafter referred to as the subject goods) originating in or exported from USA, Thailand and Korea RP on 13.9.1996 and definitive anti dumping duty was recommended vide Final Findings Notification No. 47/ADD/1W dated 14.10.1997. The Central Government had imposed the anti dumping duty. The sunset review of the anti dumping duty so imposed against USA, Thailand and Korea RP was initiated by the Authority vide Notification No. 26/1/2001-DGAD dated 07.08.2001 and the Final Findings were issued vide Notification No. 26/1/2001-DGAD dated 06.08.2002.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting Indoor Air Quality
    Factors Affecting Indoor Air Quality The indoor environment in any building the categories that follow. The examples is a result of the interaction between the given for each category are not intended to site, climate, building system (original be a complete list. 2 design and later modifications in the Sources Outside Building structure and mechanical systems), con- struction techniques, contaminant sources Contaminated outdoor air (building materials and furnishings, n pollen, dust, fungal spores moisture, processes and activities within the n industrial pollutants building, and outdoor sources), and n general vehicle exhaust building occupants. Emissions from nearby sources The following four elements are involved n exhaust from vehicles on nearby roads Four elements— in the development of indoor air quality or in parking lots, or garages sources, the HVAC n loading docks problems: system, pollutant n odors from dumpsters Source: there is a source of contamination pathways, and or discomfort indoors, outdoors, or within n re-entrained (drawn back into the occupants—are the mechanical systems of the building. building) exhaust from the building itself or from neighboring buildings involved in the HVAC: the HVAC system is not able to n unsanitary debris near the outdoor air development of IAQ control existing air contaminants and ensure intake thermal comfort (temperature and humidity problems. conditions that are comfortable for most Soil gas occupants). n radon n leakage from underground fuel tanks Pathways: one or more pollutant pathways n contaminants from previous uses of the connect the pollutant source to the occu- site (e.g., landfills) pants and a driving force exists to move n pesticides pollutants along the pathway(s).
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, CUTTER INSECT REPELLENT
    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EPA Reg. Date of Issuance: Office of Pesticide Programs Number: Registration Division (H750SC) 401 "M" St., S.W. 121-91 Washington, D.C. 20460 OCT 2 a 2005 Term of Issuance: NOTICE OF PESTICIDE: Conditional _x__ Registration Reregistration Name of Pesticide Product: (under FIFRA. as amended) CUTTER Insect Repellent 15KP Name and Address of Registrant (include ZIP Code): Spectrum Division of United Industries P.O. Box 142642 St. Louis, MO 63114-0642 Note: Changes in labeling differing in substance from that accepted in connection with this registration must be submitted to and accepted by the Registration Division prior to use of the label in commerce. In any correspondence on this product always refer to the above EPA registration number. On the basis of information furnished by the registrant, the above named pesticide is hereby registered/reregistered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. Registration is in no way to be construed as an endorsement or recommendation of this product by the Agency. In order to protect health and the environment, the Administrator, on his motion, may at any time suspend or cancel the registration of a pesticide in accordance with the Act. The acceptance of any name in connection with the registration of a product under this Act is not to be construed as giving the registrant a right to exclusive use of the name or to its use if it has been covered by others. This product is conditionally registered in accordance with FIFRA sec. 3(c) (7) (A) provided that you: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Ply-Based Appearance Model of Woven Fabrics
    A Practical Ply-Based Appearance Model of Woven Fabrics ZAHRA MONTAZERI, Luxion, Inc. and University of California, Irvine SØREN B. GAMMELMARK, Luxion, Inc. SHUANG ZHAO, University of California, Irvine HENRIK WANN JENSEN, Luxion, Inc. Photo Ours Frontlit close-up Photo Ours Backlit close-up Fig. 1. Our ply-based appearance model is able to simulate both reflected and transmitted light through complex weave patterns as seen on the left andour rendered results match with photographs of a real sample. Furthermore, it has a compact representation that makes it efficient to use for large pieces of clothing such as the scarf shown on the right. In addition to the anisotropic highlights, the color due to front and back lighting changes considerably and our model reproduces the color shift seen in the photographs. The images on the right are close-ups of the scarf showing the individual yarns. Pleaseseethe supplementary video for the full light rotation. Simulating the appearance of woven fabrics is challenging due to the complex In this paper, we introduce a practical appearance model for woven fabrics. interplay of lighting between the constituent yarns and fibers. Conventional We model the structure of a fabric at the ply level and simulate the local surface-based models lack the fidelity and details for producing realistic appearance of fibers making up each ply. Our model accounts for both close-up renderings. Micro-appearance models, on the other hand, can pro- reflection and transmission of light and is capable of matching physical duce highly detailed renderings by depicting fabrics fiber-by-fiber, but be- measurements better than prior methods including fiber based techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermodynamic Analysis of Human Heat and Mass Transfer and Their Impact on Thermal Comfort
    International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (2005) 731–739 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijhmt Thermodynamic analysis of human heat and mass transfer and their impact on thermal comfort Matjaz Prek * Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Received 26 April 2004 Available online 6 November 2004 Abstract In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of human heat and mass transfer based on the 2nd law of thermodynamics in presented. For modelling purposes the two-node human thermal model was used. This model was improved in order to establish the exergy consumption within the human body as a consequence of heat and mass transfer and/or conver- sion. It is shown that the human bodyÕs exergy consumption in relation to selected human parameters exhibit a minimal value at certain combinations of environmental parameters. The expected thermal sensation, determined by the PMV* value, shows that there is a correlation between exergy consumption and thermal sensation. Thus, our analysis repre- sents an improvement in human thermal modelling and gives even more information about the environmental impact on expected human thermal sensation. Ó 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Exergy; Human body; Heat transfer; Mass transfer; Thermal comfort 1. Introduction more than 30 years. These models range from simple one-dimensional, steady-state simulations to complex, Human body acts as a heat engine and thermody- transient finite element models [1–5]. The main similarity namically could be considered as an open system. The of most models is the application of energy balance to a energy and mass for the human bodyÕs vital processes simulated human body (based on the 1st law of thermo- are taken from external sources (food, liquids) and then dynamics) and the use of energy exchange mechanisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Textile Design: a Suggested Program Guide
    DOCUMENT RESUME CI 003 141 ED 102 409 95 Program Guide.Fashion TITLE Textile Design: A Suggested Industry Series No. 3. Fashion Inst. of Tech.,New York, N.T. INSTITUTION Education SPONS AGENCY Bureau of Adult,Vocational, and Technictl (DREW /OE), Washington,D.C. PUB DATE 73 in Fashion Industry NOTE 121p.; For other documents Series, see CB 003139-142 and CB 003 621 Printing AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents,U.S. Government Office, Washington, D.C.20402 EDRS PRICE NP -$0.76 HC-$5.70 PLUS POSTAGE Behavioral Objectives; DESCRIPTORS Adult, Vocational Education; Career Ladders; *CurriculumGuides; *Design; Design Crafts; EducationalEquipment; Employment Opportunities; InstructionalMaterials; *Job Training; Needle Trades;*Occupational Rome Economics; OccupationalInformation; Program Development; ResourceGuides; Resource Units; Secondary Education;Skill Development;*Textiles Instruction IDENTIFIERS *Fashion Industry ABSTRACT The textile designguide is the third of aseries of resource guidesencompassing the various five interrelated program guide is disensions of the fashionindustry. The job-preparatory conceived to provide youthand adults withintensive preparation for and also with careeradvancement initial entry esploysent jobs within the textile opportunities withinspecific categories of provides an overviewof the textiledesign field, industry. The guide required of workers. It occupational opportunities,and cospetencies contains outlines of areasof instruction whichinclude objectives to suggestions for learning be achieved,teaching
    [Show full text]
  • National Historic Landmark Nomination Northwestern
    NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 NORTHWESTERN BRANCH, NHDVS Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Other Name/Site Number: Northwestern Branch, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers Historic District; National Soldiers Home Historic District; Clement J. Zablocki Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 5000 West National Avenue Not for publication: City/Town: Milwaukee Vicinity: State: WI County: Milwaukee Code: 079 Zip Code: 53295 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): ___ Public-Local: District: _X_ Public-State: ___ Site: ___ Public-Federal: ___ Structure: ___ Object: _X_ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 23 16 buildings 3 sites 2 2 structures 2 1 objects 30 19 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 31 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: DRAFT NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 NORTHWESTERN BRANCH, NHDVS Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ____ nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
    [Show full text]