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International Significance of the Cultural Values of the Australian Alps

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International Significance of the Cultural Values of the Australian Alps THE INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE of the CULTURAL VALUES of the AUSTRALIAN ALPS REPORT to the AALC Jane Lennon and Associates May 1999 CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 5 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................. 8 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................11 2. EXISTING INFORMATION ON CULTURAL VALUES OF THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS NATIONAL PARKS ...................................................................................................................................12 2.1 Victoria:..............................................................................................................................................12 2. 2 New South Wales ..............................................................................................................................15 2.3 Australian Capital Territory ............................................................................................................16 2.4 Commonwealth of Australia.............................................................................................................16 2.5 Other...................................................................................................................................................17 2.6 Cultural Heritage Values in the Australian Context:.....................................................................17 Aesthetic value ......................................................................................................................................17 Historic value.........................................................................................................................................17 Scientific value ......................................................................................................................................18 Social value ...........................................................................................................................................18 2.7 Summary of Cultural Site Information ...........................................................................................19 3. CULTURAL THEMES, FEATURES AND ATTRIBUTES THAT DISTINGUISH THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT..............................................................20 3.1 Historic Themes relating to the Australian Alps ............................................................................20 3. 2 Themes expressed in the Alps cultural landscapes ........................................................................21 3.3 National Estate values .......................................................................................................................23 3.4 World Heritage values.......................................................................................................................24 3.5 The Assessment of World Heritage Cultural Values......................................................................25 Outstanding universal value ..................................................................................................................25 Cultural Continuity................................................................................................................................26 Combined cultural and natural value.....................................................................................................27 Test of Authenticity...............................................................................................................................28 Is there evidence to apply the conceptual continuum argument to the Australian Alps? ......................30 3. 6 Are the Australian Alps of outstanding universal value? .............................................................31 4. CURRENT AUSTRALIAN THEMATIC METHODOLOGY FOR WORLD HERITAGE ASSESSMENT.............................................................................................................................................34 5. TOWARDS A NEW APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CULTURAL VALUES OF THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS. ..........................36 Step A: Identify themes of outstanding universal value relating to cultural values in the Australian Alps ...........................................................................................................................................................36 1.Theme: Traditional human settlement and land use ...........................................................................37 • New sub-theme: Continuity of a seasonal land use pattern ...................................................................40 2. Theme: Artistic expression................................................................................................................41 3. Theme: Religious expression.............................................................................................................42 4. Theme: European expansion of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ..........................................42 • New sub-theme: Transhumance. ...........................................................................................................44 • New sub-theme: Utilizing alpine resources- spoiling, restoring and improving....................................45 • New sub-theme: Scientific research in alpine areas ..............................................................................46 Step B: Identify Places in Alpine Areas Where Further Work Is Needed To Determine Whether They Are The Best Global Expressions Of The Themes Of Outstanding Universal Value ..............47 Step C: Determine, which of those places identified in Step B have integrity and authenticity and identify existing legal protection and management mechanisms.........................................................49 Step D: Evaluate the significant places selected in Step C by consideration of their global context, and identify those essential and/or integral to a theme of outstanding universal value. ...................50 Step E: Assess the places selected in Step D against World Heritage Convention definitions and criteria. .....................................................................................................................................................54 Summary:.................................................................................................................................................62 Conclusion:...............................................................................................................................................63 6. FURTHER RESEARCH ........................................................................................................................64 7. REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................66 8. TABLES ...............................................................................................................................................72 Table 1 – Victorian Historic Places Section Database for Alpine Parks ...................................................73 Table 2 – Register of the National Estate –listings for Alpine Areas ........................................................74 9. APPENDICES......................................................................................................................................75 Appendix 1: Australian Heritage Places Principles..............................................................................76 Appendix 2: Criteria for the inclusion of cultural properties in the World Heritage List (UNESCO 1999: Part C, paragraphs 23-42)................................................................................................................78 Appendix 3 – Global Themes and Sub-themes relevant to forested areas of Australia ....................84 Theme: Evolution of landforms, species and ecosystems under conditions of stress............................84 Theme: Climate Change and its impacts ...............................................................................................84 Theme: Traditional human settlement and land use ..............................................................................84 Theme: Artistic expression....................................................................................................................84 Theme: Religious expression.................................................................................................................84 Theme: European expansion of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ..............................................84 A. Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Themes, Sub-themes and Potential Forested Places .....................85 Theme: Traditional Human settlement and land use .............................................................................85
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