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Geological Survey Research 1968

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Geological Survey Research 1968 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT »RESULTS IN- Mineral resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 'ater resources 1 engineering geology RESEARCH 1968 and hydrology 'rinciples and processes > aboratory and Chapter A field methods topographic surveys \ and mapping Aanagement of resources 1 . on public lands \ westigations in \ other countries I progress J eports published in fiscal year 1968 ^operating agencies I eological Survey offices GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 600-A GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 600 Significant results of investigations for fiscal year 1968, accompanied by short papers in the fields of geology, hydrology, and related sciences. Published separately as Chapters A, B, C, and D UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968 Chapter A GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 600-A A summary of recent significant scientific and economic results accompanied by a list of publications released in fiscal year 1968, a list of geologic and hydrologic investigations in progress, and a report on the status of topographic mapping. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.50 FOREWORD "Geological Survey Research 1968," the ninth annual review of the economic and scientific work of the U.S. Geological Survey, consists of 4 chapters (A through D) of Professional Paper 600. Chapter A summarizes significant results, and the remaining chapters consist of collections of short technical papers. As in the past the purpose of the volume is to make avail­ able promptly to the public many of the highlights of Survey research and investigations. Some, but not all, of the results summarized in chapter A are discussed in more detail in the short technical papers of chapters B through D, or in reports listed in "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968", beginning on Page A259. The tables of contents for chapters B through D are listed on pages A253-A258 of this chapter. Numerous Federal, State, county, and municipal agencies and other organizations and countries listed on pages A209-A213 made significant financial contributions to the results reported here. They are identified where appropriate in the short technical papers (chapters B-D), and in papers published cooperatively, but are not generally identified in the summary statements of chapter A. However, if a summary statement is the -result of collaboration with a colleague from outside the Survey, the colleague's current organization (such as a university) is indicated in parentheses immediately following his name in the text. The volume for next year, "Geological Survey Research 1969," will be published as chapters of Professional Paper 650. Previous volumes are listed below, with their series designations. Geological Survey Research 1960 Prof. Paper 400 Geological Survey Research 1961 Prof. Paper 424 Geological Survey Research 1962 Prof. Paper 450 Geological Survey Research 1963 Prof. Paper 475 Geological Survey Research 1964 Prof. Paper 501 Geological Survey Research 1965 Prof. Paper 525 Geological Survey Research 1966 Prof. Paper 550 Geological Survey Research 1967 Prof. Paper 575 WILLIAM T. PECORA, Director. in CONTENTS Page Resources investigations Continued Page Foreword- ___-___--_---_---_---_--___--______ m Geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource Resources investigations _---_-__-_..___ Al studies Continued Special and topical mineral-resource programs 1 Basin and Range region-____________________ A30 Heavy metals___-_______-_____._-____ i Nevada_________________________ 30 i Utah -------_____---_-_-_-_--_-- 33 Silver. __________ _ __ ___ _._ _____ 7 Arizona______________________________ 33 Other commodities-__-_-__-___-__-__________ 7 Pacific coast region.___-___-__--__--________ 33 Copper. _______________________________ 7 Alaska. __-----__---_---- ___.-____ _ 37 Uranium. ___ _________________________ General--..__________________ 37 Petroleum _____________________________ New paleontological discoveries in Alaska-- 39 Exploration techniques___-___-___-___-______ 9 Northern Alaska______________________ 39 Office of Minerals Exploration. ______ __ _____ n West-central Alaska__________________. 39 Mineral investigations related to the Wilderness East-central Alaska-._____--_-_-_-______ 40 Act__ _ __-__-----___--_-__----____.____ 12 Southwestern Alaska-__---_---_--__---_- 41 Primitive areas. - -__-_-__--_--__________ 12 Southern Alaska_______---_---_-___--__- 41 Wildlife refuges-------_--------_-_______ 12 Southeastern Alaska____--____--________ 42 Mineral-resource appraisals ___------__-______ 12 Puerto Rico _________________________ 42 National compilation.-------.-. _________ 12 Geologic maps____________________________ 43 Areal compilations.-----------------.--- 15 Large-scale geologic maps._______________ 43 Geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource studies. 1 5 Intermediate-scale geologic maps-________ 43 New England__-____--___--__--__-__-______ 16 Maps of large regions.__________________ 43 Stratigraphic and structural studies _______ 16 Water resources._______________________________ 47 Studies of granitic rocks----------------- 17 Data coordination, acquisition, and storage____ 48 Studies of ore deposits _ - _---_--__-_____ 17 Office of Water Data Coordination. _______ 48 Pleistocene geology- ____________________ 17 Water-data storage system.______________ 49 Coastal plains. _____________________________ 18 Atlantic coast region.._____________-__------ 49 Stratigraphic studies of Tertiary rocks _ __ 18 Stratigraphic studies of Mesozoic rocks. ___ 18 Interstate studies._________-___--__---_- 49 Appalachian Highlands. _____________________ 18 New England.-------.---------- _-__ 50 Adirondack, Valley and Ridge, and Appa­ New York______._________---_-___-_-_- 51 lachian Plateaus Provinces. ____________ 18 New Jersey.____________.___-_-___-_-_- 51 Taconic belt and Reading prong. _________ 20 Connecticut_ ________-___--_----_-_-__ 52 Blue Ridge and Piedmont. ______________ 20 Pennsylvania__ __._______-__--___---__ 52 Central region and Great Plains -_-_-_________ 22 Maryland__ _ ____________-_---___---_- 53 Precambrian rocks of Lake Superior region. 22 North Carolina-__--_-_-__--_-_---_--__- 53 Paleozoic Stratigraphic studies. _ ..________ 22 South Carolina____-__--------_--------- 54 Pleistocene geology. ____________________ 23 Georgia. ________.____________---_--__- 54 Mineral-resources studies ________________ 23 Florida___._________________-_ 54 Northern Rocky Mountains _ _______________ 23 Puerto Rico___________-_-_-_-___----- 56 Stratigraphic studies of Mesozoic and Ce- Midcontinent region.________-_-_-_-___-_--- 56 nozoic rocks _ _______________________ 23 Minnesota- ___-______--_-__--_-_-_----- 56 Stratigraphic studies of Paleozoic rocks.. __ 24 Wisconsin__ _ _________-__-----_------- 57 Investigations in mineralized areas _ _______ 24 Iowa_ __-_-___-______--_-_-------_----_ 57 Structural and geophysical investigations- _ 25 Michigan.-_______-___--___-_------_--- 57 Investigations of volcanic rocks _ _ _______ 26 Ohio._-______--__-_-_---_-------_---_- 58 Glacial geology. ________________________ 27 Indiana. __________________-----------__ 58 Southern Rocky Mountains. _________________ 28 Illinois. __-____-__-___---_---_---_----- 58 Precambrian rocks of Colorado. __________ 28 Missouri.. _ _____________-_------_-----_ 58 Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy. _____ 28 Kentucky....________________.__.- 59 Studies involving Cenozoic deposits _______ 29 Tennessee. _ ___________-____-_---------- 60 Mineralization and structure- ____________ 30 Mississippi- ___________-__-_---------__- 60 Coal in San Juan Basin _ _ -___________-- 30 Louisiana.-_ ______-___----------_------ 60 VI CONTENTS Resources investigations Continued Geologic and hydrologic principles, processes, and Water resources Continued techniques Continued Page Rocky Mountain region_--__________________ A61 Isotope and nuclear geochemistry-________________ A106 Montana ______________________________ 61 Isotope tracer studies.______________________ 106 North Dakota _ _______________________ 61 Stable isotopes.____________________________ 108 Wyoming. _____------_-________________ 62 Radioactive disequilibrium ________________ 109 South Dakota. __ _______________________ 62 Advances in geochronometry.________________ 110 Nebraska. _____________________________ 63 Isotope hydrology._________________________ 111 Utah _ _--_-----------________________ 64 Sedimentology _ _ ___ ___-__---_----_____________-_ 112 Colorado ______________________________ 65 Sedimentary petrology..___________ ______ 112 Kansas ________________________________ 66 Fluvial sedimentation.______________________ 113 Arizona_____ ___________________________ 67 Erosion and sediment yield._____________ 113 Texas_ ________________________________ 67 Sediment transport-___--__-__-_--______ 114 Pacific coast region- ________________________ 68 Sediment deposition _________________ 115 Hawaii- -__--_-------_-________________ 68 Glaciology_ ________-__-___-------____-___-__-__ 115 Guam. ________________________________ 69 Paleontology.______________-----____---__-_-_-_ 116 Alaska. _______________________________ 69 Paleozoic
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