SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT »RESULTS IN- Mineral resources GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 'ater resources 1 engineering geology RESEARCH 1968 and hydrology

'rinciples and processes > aboratory and Chapter A field methods

topographic surveys \ and mapping

Aanagement of resources 1 . on public lands \ westigations in \ other countries

I progress J eports published in fiscal year 1968

^operating agencies I eological Survey offices

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 600-A

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 600

Significant results of investigations for fiscal year 1968, accompanied by short papers in the fields of geology, hydrology, and related sciences. Published separately as Chapters A, B, C, and D

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEW ART L UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968

Chapter A

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 600-A

A summary of recent significant scientific and economic results accompanied by a list of publications released in fiscal year 1968, a list of geologic and hydrologic investigations in progress, and a report on the status of topographic mapping.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

STEW ART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.50 FOREWORD "Geological Survey Research 1968," the ninth annual review of the economic and scientific work of the U.S. Geological Survey, consists of 4 chapters (A through D) of Professional Paper 600. Chapter A summarizes significant results, and the remaining chapters consist of collections of short technical papers. As in the past the purpose of the volume is to make avail­ able promptly to the public many of the highlights of Survey research and investigations. Some, but not all, of the results summarized in chapter A are discussed in more detail in the short technical papers of chapters B through D, or in reports listed in "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968", beginning on Page A259. The tables of contents for chapters B through D are listed on pages A253-A258 of this chapter. Numerous Federal, State, county, and municipal agencies and other organizations and countries listed on pages A209-A213 made significant financial contributions to the results reported here. They are identified where appropriate in the short technical papers (chapters B-D), and in papers published cooperatively, but are not generally identified in the summary statements of chapter A. However, if a summary statement is the -result of collaboration with a colleague from outside the Survey, the colleague's current organization (such as a university) is indicated in parentheses immediately following his name in the text. The volume for next year, "Geological Survey Research 1969," will be published as chapters of Professional Paper 650. Previous volumes are listed below, with their series designations. Geological Survey Research 1960 Prof. Paper 400 Geological Survey Research 1961 Prof. Paper 424 Geological Survey Research 1962 Prof. Paper 450 Geological Survey Research 1963 Prof. Paper 475 Geological Survey Research 1964 Prof. Paper 501 Geological Survey Research 1965 Prof. Paper 525 Geological Survey Research 1966 Prof. Paper 550 Geological Survey Research 1967 Prof. Paper 575

WILLIAM T. PECORA, Director.

in

CONTENTS

Page Resources investigations Continued Page Foreword- ___-___--_---_---_---_--___--______m Geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource Resources investigations _---_-__-_..___ Al studies Continued Special and topical mineral-resource programs 1 Basin and Range region-______A30 Heavy metals___-______-_____._-____ i Nevada______30 i Utah ------_____---_-_-_-_--_-- 33 Silver. ______.______7 Arizona______33 Other commodities-__-_-__-___-__-______7 Pacific coast region.___-___-__--__--______33 Copper. ______7 Alaska. __-----__---_---- ___.-____ _ 37 Uranium. ______General--..______37 Petroleum ______New paleontological discoveries in Alaska-- 39 Exploration techniques___-___-___-___-______9 Northern Alaska______39 Office of Minerals Exploration. ______n West-central Alaska______. 39 Mineral investigations related to the Wilderness East-central Alaska-._____--_-_-_-______40 Act__ _ __-__-----___--_-__----____.____ 12 Southwestern Alaska-__---_---_--__---_- 41 Primitive areas. - -__-_-__--_--______12 Southern Alaska______---_---_-___--__- 41 Wildlife refuges------_------_-______12 Southeastern Alaska____--____--______42 Mineral-resource appraisals ___------__-______12 Puerto Rico ______42 National compilation.------.-. ______12 Geologic maps______43 Areal compilations.------.--- 15 Large-scale geologic maps.______43 Geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource studies. 1 5 Intermediate-scale geologic maps-______43 New England__-____--___--__--__-__-______16 Maps of large regions.______43 Stratigraphic and structural studies ______16 Water resources.______47 Studies of granitic rocks------17 Data coordination, acquisition, and storage____ 48 Studies of ore deposits _ - _---_--__-_____ 17 Office of Water Data Coordination. ______48 Pleistocene geology- ______17 Water-data storage system.______49 Coastal plains. ______18 Atlantic coast region..______-__------49 Stratigraphic studies of Tertiary rocks _ __ 18 Stratigraphic studies of Mesozoic rocks. ___ 18 Interstate studies.______-___--__---_- 49 Appalachian Highlands. ______18 New England.------.------_-__ 50 Adirondack, Valley and Ridge, and Appa­ New York______.______---_-___-_-_- 51 lachian Plateaus Provinces. ______18 New Jersey.______.___-_-___-_-_- 51 Taconic belt and Reading prong. ______20 Connecticut______-___--_----_-_-__ 52 Blue Ridge and Piedmont. ______20 Pennsylvania__ __.______-__--___---__ 52 Central region and Great Plains -_-_-______22 Maryland______-_---___---_- 53 Precambrian rocks of Lake Superior region. 22 North Carolina-__--_-_-__--_-_---_--__- 53 Paleozoic Stratigraphic studies. _ ..______22 South Carolina____-__------_------54 Pleistocene geology. ______23 Georgia. ______.______---_--__- 54 Mineral-resources studies ______23 Florida___.______-_ 54 Northern Rocky Mountains ______23 Puerto Rico______-_-_-_-___----- 56 Stratigraphic studies of Mesozoic and Ce- Midcontinent region.______-_-_-_-___-_--- 56 nozoic rocks ______23 Minnesota- ___-______--_-__--_-_-_----- 56 Stratigraphic studies of Paleozoic rocks.. __ 24 Wisconsin______-__-----_------57 Investigations in mineralized areas ______24 Iowa_ __-_-___-______--_-_------_----_ 57 Structural and geophysical investigations- _ 25 Michigan.-______-___--___-_------_--- 57 Investigations of volcanic rocks ______26 Ohio._-______--__-_-_---_------_---_- 58 Glacial geology. ______27 Indiana. ______------__ 58 Southern Rocky Mountains. ______28 Illinois. __-____-__-___---_---_---_----- 58 Precambrian rocks of Colorado. ______28 Missouri.. ______-_------_-----_ 58 Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy. _____ 28 Kentucky....______.__.- 59 Studies involving Cenozoic deposits ______29 Tennessee. ______-____-_------60 Mineralization and structure- ______30 Mississippi- ______-__-_------__- 60 Coal in San Juan Basin _ _ -______-- 30 Louisiana.-______-___------_------60 VI CONTENTS

Resources investigations Continued Geologic and hydrologic principles, processes, and Water resources Continued techniques Continued Page Rocky Mountain region_--______A61 Isotope and nuclear geochemistry-______A106 Montana ______61 Isotope tracer studies.______106 North Dakota ______61 Stable isotopes.______108 Wyoming. _____------_-______62 Radioactive disequilibrium ______109 South Dakota. ______62 Advances in geochronometry.______110 Nebraska. ______63 Isotope hydrology.______111 Utah _ _--_------______64 Sedimentology ______-__---_----______-_ 112 Colorado ______65 Sedimentary petrology..______112 Kansas ______66 Fluvial sedimentation.______113 Arizona______67 Erosion and sediment yield.______113 Texas______67 Sediment transport-___--__-__-_--______114 Pacific coast region- ______68 Sediment deposition ______115 Hawaii- -__--_------_-______68 Glaciology______-__-___------____-___-__-__ 115 Guam. ______69 Paleontology.______-----____---__-_-_-_ 116 Alaska. ______69 Paleozoic of the United States______116 Washington- ______69 Mesozoic of the United States.______118 Oregon ______70 Cenozoic of the United States.______118 California. ______71 Other paleontological studies.______119 Idaho- ______71 Geomorphology ______-_---___-__-__--_--_ 120 Nevada ______72 Ground-water hydrology ______122 Saline water ______72 Surface-water hydrology.______125 Marine geology and hydrology. ______73 Chemical and physical characteristics of water____ 129 Atlantic continental margin ______73 Chemical characteristics.______129 Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea______75 Inorganic substances.______129 Pacific continental margin ______76 Organic substances ______129 Alaska continental margin. ______78 Physical characteristics.______130 Oceanic islands. ______80 Relation between surface water and ground w?.ter___ 130 Marine-resource appraisal. ______80 Soil moisture.____-_-___--_-_----__-_---___-_--- 132 Marine sedimentology______81 Evapotranspiration______133 Estuarine and coastal hydrology. ______82 Evaporation from reservoirs_--_-__---___----_ 133 Management of natural resources on the Federal and Evapotranspiration from land surfaces. ______133 Indian lands. ______85 Evapotranspiration by phreatophytes__._-_--_ 134 Classification of mineral lands ______85 Limnology. ------134 Waterpower classification Preservation of reser­ Plant ecology______135 voir sites. ______86 New hydrologic instruments and techniques.------136 Supervision of mineral leasing ______86 Analytical methods ------138 Geologic and hydrologic principles, processes, and Analytical chemistry______---______-_--_-- 138 techniques- _ -___---_---_-_----_--______89 Optical spectroscopy______---____-___-_---- 140 Experimental geophysics--_--__-______-______89 X-ray fluorescence-_ ------141 Geothermal studies ______89 New methods in water analysis. ------141 Rock magnetism ______90 Geology and hydrology applied to engineering and the Mechanical properties of rocks ______91 public welfare.______--______--.-_----- 143 Pressure and temperature studies.. ______91 Earthquake and crustal studies__-___-__-_------143 Permeability studies ______92 Geophysical studies ------143 Geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrology. ----_.____ 92 Geologic studies______-__-_-_-_------145 Experimental geochemistry ______92 Engineering geology _ ------147 Mineralogic studies and crystal chemistry. _____ 94 Urban and special engineering studies______--_--_ 148 Crystal chemistry of rock-forming silicates. 94 Urban studies..______-_-__-_------148 Mineralogy of sulfides______97 Special engineering studies. ------149 New-mineral data______97 Investigations related to nuclear energy______.-_-- 150 Protodolomite In echinoids______97 Test-site studies.__._--_------150 Volcanic rocks and processes ______98 PLO WSHARE program ------152 Basaltic and ultramafic rocks ______98 Earth-orbiting nuclear generators._-__---- - 152 Silicic volcanic rocks ______99 Disposal of radioactive wastes. ------153 Investigations at the Hawaiian Volcano Transport of radionuclides by streairs__-_- 153 Observatory. ______99 Transport of radionuclides by ground Plutonic rocks and magmatic processes, - ______10 1 water.______------_------153 Distribution of elements- ______103 Underground disposal of radioactive gases _ 154 Geochemistry of water ______103 Floods....______--_------154 Hydrothermal ore deposits and brines. _____ 104 Outstanding floods of 1967-68_ ------154 Precipitation, surface water, and subsurface Flood-frequency studies. .______-_------155 water.. ______104 Flood mapping------156 Chemical-equilibrium and kinetics studies. _ 105 Water quality and contamination.______156 CONTENTS VII

Geology and hydrology applied to engineering and the Topographic surveys and mapping Continued page public welfare Continued Mapping accomplishments-______A190 Distribution of minor elements as related to health- _ A158 Mapping in Antarctica. ______196 Land subsidence______-______158 Foreign-assistance programs______198 Astrogeology ___-____-____------_-__--_---____---___ 161 National Atlas______-_ ---_-----______198 Lunar studies ______------_-____---____--____ 161 Research and development.______198 Surveyor investigations------161 Field surveys______198 Lunar Orbiter investigations ______162 Photogrammetry ______200 Terrestrial analogs of lunar features. ______164 Cartography ______--______203 Manned lunar-exploration methods ______165 Computer technology--.______205 Cosmic geochemistry and petrology _____--__-_____ 167 Publications program. ______207 Remote sensing and advanced techniques ______169 Publications issued____----__---___-______.___ 207 Remote-sensing applications to geologic investiga­ How to order publications____-----____-______._ 207 tions------169 Cooperators and other financial contributors during fiscal Remote-sensing applications to hydrologic investi­ year 1968______209 gations _-_-______---_--______---____-___ 171 Federal cooperators_-____ ------_____-____ 209 Earth Resources Observation Satellite (EROS) State, county, and municipal cooperaters______209 program ______173 Other cooperators and contributors ______213 Cartographic investigations ______173 U.S. Geological Survey offices------_-----_-____ 215 Geologic and hydrologic investigations in other countries- 175 Main centers.------.-----. 215 Summary by countries- ______178 Public Inquiries Offices__-_------__-____-______215 Afghanistan- ______178 Selected field offices in the United States and Puerto Bolivia, ______178 Rico______------_---_- -- 215 Brazil- -___--____------__-__-__-_--- _ 178 Computer Center Division___.______215 Colombia. __-____---_-_--______178 Conservation Division ______215 Costa Rica.. ______179 Geologic Division. ______--_-______216 Guyana.- ______---__-_-_-______179 Topographic Division______216 Nicaragua ______179 Water Resources Division ______217 India ______180 Regional offices _---- _-- ---_- _-_- 217 Pakistan __ _-___----_-_-______-____-_-___ 180 District offices__-___----___-_-______217 Kenya______181 Offices in other countries______218 Liberia. __-______-_--_.______-______.__- 182 Geologic Division.______218 Morocco. _ _--__-_------______-___-__--_- 183 Water Resources Division ______219 Nigeria ______183 Investigations in progress in the Geologic, Water Re­ Mauritius ------___--___ 183 sources, and Conservation Divisions ______221 Turkey ______._ __ __ 183 Contents of Geological Survey Research 1968, Chapters Saudi Arabia _-__------_____--___-_--___ 183 B, C, and D______------___---- _---- 253 Cento countries _ _ _-_-.______184 Publications in fiscal year 1968 ___-- ______259 Korea______184 Indexes. ______319 Antarctica ______185 Publications index.______319 Topographic surveys and mapping ______189 Subject index______347 Program management. ______189 Investigator index.______-_____---_ 366

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page FIGURE 1. Index map of conterminous United States, showing boundaries of regions referred to in discussion of geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource studies.-_____-______-__-___-______----__------A16 2. Index map of Alaska, showing boundaries of regions referred to in discussion of Alaskan geology.______38 3. Index map of conterminous United States, showing published 1:250,000-scale geologic maps ______44 4. Index map of conterminous United States, showing areal subdivisions used in discussion of water resources. __ 48 5. Index map of Moon, showing status of geologic mapping.______161 6. Index map of Antarctica______185 7. Status of 7K~ and 15-minute quadrangle mapping-_-.______-______-__-___-_---_____- 191 8. Revision in progress, 7)_- and 15-minute series topographic mapping.______192 9. Revision of 1:250,000-scale topographic mapping.______193 10. Status of State topographic maps.____-______-______--_-_-- _ __---_ 194 11. Status of l:l,000,000-scale topographic maps______-______------_ ------195 12. Index map of Antarctica, showing status of topographic mapping______.______._____------197 REFERENCES

Text references are in three forms: G. W. Walker and D. A. Swanson (p. B37-B47) Kefers to a short paper published in a chapter of "Geological Survey Re­ search 1968." The letter preceding the page numbers identifies the chapter. The tables of contents for the short-paper chapters are on p. A.253-A258. W. O. Addicott (r0352) Refers to a publication released in fiscal year 1968 and at least one of whose authors is a member of the U.S. Geological Survey. The number is the acquisi­ tion number used in computer compilation of the list of publications that begins on p. A259. (In the text, the prefix "r" replaces the first cipher of the acquisi­ tion numbers in the list.) Footnotes Used for those publications that were released before fiscal year 1968, or that are in press, or whose authors are not members of the U.S. Geological Survey.

ABBREVIATIONS

[Singular and plural forms for abbreviations of units of measure are the same]

A______angstrom units gpd per ft____ gallons per day per mm______millimeters acre-ft______acre-feet foot mph______miles p?r hour alt_.______altitude gpd per sq ft_. gallons per day per mv______millivolts atm______atmospheres square foot m.y.______million years bbl___.______barrels gpd per sq mi. gallons per day per M------microns B.P.______Before Present square mile yuc_ __-____----- microcurie Btu______British thermal gpm______gallons per minute yucal/cm2 sec____ microcalories per units hours square centi­ b.y.______billion years kilobars meter per second cfm______cubic feet per kcal kilocalories Mg------microgr-ams minute kg kilograms Mg/1------_- microg^ams per cfs______cubic feet per kilometers liter second km/sec. kilometers per /amhos-______microirhos cfs per mi______cubic feet per second second N- ______normal (concen­ per mile liters tration) cfs per sq mi__ _ _ cubic feet per second pounds oz ______ounces per square mile meters pc/L______picocuries per liter cm______centimeters molar (concentra­ ppb____-_--____ parts per billion cu cm ______cubic centimeters tion) ppm______parts per million cu ft______cubic feet mcaL______milli calories psi______pounds per square cu km__-____-_ cubic kilometers meal/cm sec °C. millicalories per cen­ inch cum.______cubic meters timeter per second psig.______pounds per square cu yd______cubic yards per°C inch gage dm______decimeters meq__ milliequivalents sec___---___-__ second emu______electromagnetic meq/1- milliequivalents per sq cm_-_-______square centimeters units liter sq dm______square decimeters fpd______feet per day mg__ milligrams sqft____-_____- square feet fps.______feet per second mgal. milligals sq ft per sec____ square feet per ft______feet mgd_ million gallons per second ft-lb______foot-pounds day sq km______square kilometers ft per mi ______feet per mile mgd per sq mi_. million gallons per sq m______square meters day per .square sq mi______square miles g.______grams mile T.U.______tritiuir units gal____.______gallons mg/l______._ milligrams per liter wt______weight gpd ______gallons per day milliliters yr______-___--- years GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968

RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS The U.S. Geological Survey carries out broad and resource- potential of heavy metals, base and ferrous highly diversified research programs to further our metals, light metals and industrial minerals, radioactive knowledge of the mineral, fuel, and water-resources materials, and organic fuels. potential of this Nation, and also to provide informa­ Important developments and highlights of these pro­ tion needed for wise and economic use of our land. grams are summarized in this section. Many other These programs play a vital role in furthering the results are included in the section "Geological, Geo­ Nation's development, as they provide basic informa­ physical, and Mineral-Resource Studies." tion on the character, magnitude, location, and distri­ In addition to geologic research aimed at specific com­ bution of mineral and water resources as well as on the modity needs, assessment of the potential-resource base principles and processes involved in their formation. for many areas, as well as nationwide for certain com­ This information forms the foundation upon which modities, has been made during the past year. Reports many critical decisions and actions are based, including are in preparation for the States of Oregon and Arizona. location and development of mineral deposits, utiliza­ Studies in eight Primitive Areas are also underway in tion of water resources, siting and construction of order to appraise their mineral-resource potential before engineering works, and management of Federal lands. decisions are made as to the suitability of such arer,s for In this report, mineral and resource investigations inclusion in the Wilderness System. are grouped in the following five broad categories: Other activities carried out by the Survey to assist 1. Special and topical mineral-resource programs in meeting demands for mineral commodities include: 2. Geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource (1) Financial assistance, through its Office of Mir^rals studies Exploration, to private industry to stimulate explora­ 3. Water resources tion for certain mineral commodities, and (2) develop­ 4. Marine geology and hydrology ment of new techniques, concepts, and instruments that 5. Management of natural resources on Federal aid in detection of mineral deposits. and Indian lands HEAVY METALS Scientific and engineering programs aimed at prob­ lems of land development are discussed in the section GOLD "Geology and Hydrology Applied to Engineering and the Public Welfare/' Geology of gold deposits in Nevada Cortes. Gold at Cortez occurs in a window of car­ SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE bonate rock in the lower plate of the Roberts Mourtains thrust fault. Detailed studies by J. D. Wells and J. E. PROGRAMS Elliott show that the host rock consists of laminated to The continued growth and well-being of the United thin-bedded black- to light-gray silty dolomitic lime­ States depend on access to continuous supplies of a stone and calcareous dolomitic siltstone that contains great many mineral and fuel commodities. The Geologi­ syngenetic pyrite cubes and aggregates. These rocks, cal Survey has a primary mission to furnish informa­ which have been assigned to the upper part of the Silur­ tion on domestic resources so that commodity needs can ian Roberts Mountains Limestone and (or) the lower be met at lowest cost and with minimum disruption to part of the Devonian Wenban Limestone, have been the physical environment. To provide this information, faulted and folded repeatedly during their complex intensive geologic-research programs including geo­ geologic history. Gold occurs along fractures and bed­ logic mapping, geochemical sampling, geophysical sur­ ding planes in a zone in which the rocks have been veying, and laboratory studies are carried out to iden­ bleached and the pyrite oxidized. During oxidation the tify new mineral targets and sources and to assess the iron was redistributed, so that the rock ranges in color Al A2 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS from light gray to dark red. The alteration zone Gold Acres. Studies of the structural setting of ore envelops an Oligocene intrusive body of biotite-quartz- deposits on the east flank of the Shoshone Range by sanidine porphyry, but the relationship of gold min­ C. T. Wrucke and T. J. Armbrustmacher have shown eralization to this intrusive body is unknown. The gold that the lower plate of the Roberts Mountains thrust mineralization generally accompanied silicification, lies at an unknown, but probably short, distance be­ iron-oxide staining, decalcification, and, in extreme neath the bottom of the inactive Gold Acres open-pit cases, dedolomitization, although any one of these proc­ mine, which had the largest production of any gold esses of hydrothermal alteration may have occurred mine in Nevada during the 195CTs. Undisturbed lower without introduction of significant amounts of gold. plate rocks previously have been reported rs cropping The gold is present as native-metal particles ranging out in the floor of the pit. from ID/A to <0.2ju across and averaging about I/* in In the Gold Acres area, strongly mineralized rack is diameter, and it occurs mostly within chalcedony intro­ known to occur only in the breccia zone of the thrust. duced between the original silt grains and to a lesser The Gold Acres deposit therefore differs from those at extent in quartz-filled microfractures and in hematite- Carlin and Cortez, both of which lie in the Roberts geothite pseudomorphs after pyrite. Mountains Limestone below the thrust. The presence of Carlin. Field mapping and laboratory study by mineralized rock in the Roberts Mountains Limestone A. S. Eadtke show that the gold-ore bodies presentry beneath younger rocks of the lower plate in the vicinity exposed in the Carlin mine are in extensively altered of the Gold Acres mine remains to be tested. shaly limestones. In addition to the introduction of gold Cornucopia district. A brief reconnaissance of the as the native metal, the host rocks show extensive devel­ Cornucopia mining district, a small silver-gold mining opment of various clay and silica minerals, and the district in northwestern Elko County, has revealed evi­ removal of carbonate. Although the clay alteration is dence leading to a revision of the age relations of two most striking and obvious, the occurrence of silica min­ sequences of volcanic rocks. Rocks formerly thought to erals with clays, as well as large jasperoid zones, are be premineralization in age, but umnineralized, have very important guides to exploration and to formula­ been shown by R. R. Coats (IO448) 1 to be postmineral- tion of concepts of ore genesis. ization extrusives, resting unconf ormably on the altered Recognition of significant amounts of gold in certain andesite in which the ore bodies are found. Extensions deeper beds of the Roberts Mountains Limestone, below of the known productive veins may be sought at shallow the present exposures in the mine, adds substantially to depth beneath the younger volcanic rocks, where they the potential gold production in these deposits. In con­ are separated from the mined part of the veins by post- trast to the shallow ores, the rocks are unoxidized dark- mineralization high-angle faults that have brought the gray unaltered shaly limestones. Specifically, these ores younger volcanic rocks into contact with thQ, older ore- lack the mineral assemblages resulting from alteration bearing andesite. to clay and silica, and their gold may be of syngenetic origin. Although, certainly clay alteration and silicifica­ Geology of gold deposits in Alaska tion are guides to mineralization, no part of the Roberts Kenai Peninsula. Studies by D. H. Richter in the Mountains Limestone, irrespective of lithology and Nuka Bay area of the Kenai Peninsula show that folded alteration, should be overlooked as a potential explo­ slates and gray wackes of Cretaceous age and minor dio- ration target. ritic dikes and sills are host rocks for a number of gold- Gold-field. Additional geochemical sampling at bearing quartz veins. The veins are generally short, thin, Goldfield by J. P. Albers and R. P. Ashley has shown and discontinuous but locally contain as much as 9 that areas of anomalous lead content outlined by earlier, ounces o.f gold per ton across zones as much as 2 feet preliminary work contain only local high concentra­ wide. The larger and more strongly mineralized veins tions of gold. appear to be restricted to massive, competent gray wacke Near the Combination and January mines where beds, but some are in brittle dikes where they fill ten- bonanza ore deposits occur, silicified vein material con­ sional cross joints formed as a result of folding. The tains significant and possibly near-economic amounts of area produced some gold during 1924r-40, but since then gold and silver. Lead, bismuth, tellurium, arsenic, an­ it has been relatively inactive. Although tH veins are timony, and mercury are also associated with bonanza thin and gold values erratic, the high tenor and relative gold and silver deposits. Anomalous amounts of these elements in silicified rocks elsewhere in the 17-sq-mi al­ ease of extracting the free-milling gold indicates that tered area within the district may therefore be clues to small-scale mining may be economically feasible. concealed ore deposits. 1 See note opposite page Al for explanation of reference notations. SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE PROGRAMS A3

Chulitna district. Detailed mapping and related curs northwest of the area that has been actively pros­ studies made by C. C. Hawley and A. L. Clark in the pected. Gold and arsenic anomalies occur in soil sam­ upper Chulitna district, about 120 males north of An­ ples on the northwestward projection of the Mikado chorage, indicate strong mineralization at newly identi­ mine shear zone, and gold, silver, arsenic, and lead anom­ fied sites near the old Golden Zone mine and Silver King alies in stream 'sediments suggest that an inferred shear prospect. At both places, the mineral deposits are associ­ zone northwest of McNett Fork is also mineralized. ated with small stocks of biotite quartz diorite por­ Anomalies in sediments also occur on short, tributaries phyry. The Golden Zone deposit, previously described of the northwest-trending part, of Big Creek. as a low-grade disseminated deposit,2 3 is a breccia pipe, Seward Peninsula. Heavy-metals investigr/tions about 200 to 300 feet across, exposed near the center under C. L. Sainsbury on the Seward Peninsula have of a small stock. The deposit near the Silver King pros­ shown that cassiterite in large amounts accompanies pect consists of highly fractured and mineralized rocks gold in placer deposits along Humboldt Creek, in the at and near the southeast contact of a small stock. Both Serpentine-Kougarok area. Sluice concentrates left by deposits are characterized by abundant arsenopyrite and gold-placer miners are salable tiin concentrates. Com­ smaller amounts of chalocopyrite, sphalerite, galena, mercial recovery of tin with gold should make placer- and pyrite. The ores are mostly low grade, and contain gold mining profitable. from a trace to an ounce, or rarely more, of gold per ton; Most of the productive gold placers of the Teller- small amounts of silver, copper, and zinc; and distinc­ Kougarok area are localized near hydrothermally tive trace amounts of antimony, bismuth, molybdenum, altered fault zones in slate or, to a lesser extent, in chlo- and tin. Calculations based on surface mapping and ritic schists. Mineralized faults with low gold values or sampling, reinterpretation of drill cores, and old records anomalous amounts of tin extend northward from the indicate that the Golden Zone deposit is a gold resource Nome area into the western Kigluaik Mountains The containing more than $10 million in metals, mainly gold most important of these are faults that are part of a and silver. system shown previously by C. L. Hummel to be ore Yentna district. In the Yentna district, in the Alaska bearing in the Nome C-l and D-l quadrangles. Th°, bio­ Range 60 to 80 miles northwest of Anchorage, C. C. tite granites of the Kigluaik Mountains are similar to Hawley and A. L. Clark have identified some sources of other tin-bearing granites of western Seward Peninsula. the placer-gold deposits that have thus far yielded the Geology of gold deposits in Eastern States bulk of about 204,000 fine ounces of gold produced from Great Falls, Md. Study of gold veins in Piedmont the Yentna-Willow Creek district. Gold has been found gneisses of Maryland near Great Falls on the Potomac in dikes and plugs of sulfide-bearing felsite porphyry, River, north of Washington, D.C., by J. C. Reec1 , Jr., in quartz veins, and, in trace amounts, in strongly argil- and J. C. Reed, Sr. (r0487), indicates an anatomosing lized quartz-bearing shear zones which seemingly cor­ system of fissure veins in shear zones with rich gold relate with the heads of some productive placers. The pockets at vein intersections. Veins and wallrocks were district has a strong northeast-trending structural grain sampled on a modified grid pattern by A. V. Heyl, J. P. that is in part determined by the major shear zones. D'Agostino, D. P. Cox, J. C. Reed, Jr., J. L. Jolly, Deposition of extensive deposits of Tertiary and Quater­ and others. Both gold-quartz veins and quartz-lean gold nary auriferous gravel was also partly controlled by the veins in shear zones throughout the area contain gold shear zones, along which valleys have been eroded; thus above a background of 0.05 ppm Au. Gold values in the shear zones were perhaps doubly important in fur­ saprolite away from veins are low. Semiquantitative nishing some of the gold and controlling the course of spectrographic analyses suggest that certain elements the streams in which the placers formed. such as molybdenum may be useful as tracers for locat­ Ohandalar area. In the Chandalar mining area, ing gold veins. The analytical data are being statisti­ about 180 miles north of Fairbanks, the known gold cally analyzed to determine if other elements may be prospects and the base-metal and precious-metal anom­ useful as tracers. alies in stream sediments are concentrated in an area of DaJitonega, Ga. Reconnaissance sampling in the northwest-trending shear zones west of a fault that Dahlonega gold belt has shown that vein quartz is not parallels the upper reaches of Big Creek and Little Mc- everywhere the most favorable host rock for gold. Lelland Creek. Geochemical sampling by W. P. Brosge Over 1,000 samples were collected by F. G. Lesure and H. N. Reiser indicates that some mineralization oc- from various rock types in 40 old mines and along nu­ merous roadcuts throughout the belt. In the southwest­ 2 C. P. Ross, 1933, Mineral deposits near the West Fork of the Chulitna ern half of the belt, 62 percent of the mica schist samples RLver, Alaska : U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 849-E, p. 289-333. 3 See note opposite page Al for explanation of reference notations. from mine areas contain 0.05 ppm or more Au as com- A4 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS pared with 46 percent of the vein quartz samples and Mohave County, Ariz. The auriferous veins are meso- 16 percent of the mafic schist samples. In samples col­ thermal, and P. M. Blacet reports several lines of evi­ lected along roadcuts across the trend of the gold belt, dence to indicate that they are genetically related to about 13 percent of the mica schist, 13 percent of the the locally fluorite-bearing rapakivi granite of Gold mafic schist, and 10 percent of the vein-quartz samples Butte, which extends southward into the Gold Basin contain 0.05 ppm or more Au. In the mine areas of the district in a series of small cupolas. The granite has been northeastern half of the belt, however, 43 percent of dated at 1,050 m.y. An almost unique transition between the vein-quartz samples contain 0.05 ppm or more Au, the source granite and gold-bearing quartz veins is rep­ as compared with 34 percent of the mica schist samples resented in the Garnet Mountain quadrangle by a re­ and 33 percent of the mafic schist samples. In samples markable magmatic segregation within fluorite- and from roadcuts in the northeastern half of the belt, only pyrite-bearing syenitic pegmatite that occurs in a small 13 percent of the vein-quartz samples, 6 percent of the stock of fine-grained sparsely porphyritic granite. Pri­ mica schist samples, and none of the mafic schist sam­ mary megascopic gold is associated with primary fluor­ ples contain 0.05 ppm or more Au. In the whole belt, ite and topaz in quartz-carbonate-microcline segrega­ one-tenth of the roadcut samples and one-half of the tion dikes several centimeters thick that grad°, laterally mine samples contain 0.05 ppm or more Au. into an aplitic facies within the pegmatite. West Pembroke, Maine. Sulfide-mineral deposits Northern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado. near West Pembroke, eastern Maine, containing gold, Precambrian quartzite and conglomerate ir northern silver, copper, lead, and zinc minerals, are fracture fill­ New Mexico have been studied by Fred Barker in an ings that apparently originated at shallow depth in effort to determine whether they contain fossil gold Devonian time, according to K. H. Moench. The host placers. Formations sampled include the Ortega Quart­ rocks are gently folded but pervasively cleaved and zite of Just (1937) 5 and the Kiawa Mountain Forma­ complexly fractured Upper Silurian shallow-marine tion of Barker (1958) 6 in the Tusas Mountains, and argillites and volcanic rocks. North of the deposits the Ortega Quartzite and Vadito Formation of Mont­ these rocks are intruded by the Devonian Red Bench gomery (1953) 7 of the Picuris Range. These rocks con­ Granite of Amos (1958) ,4 and to the east the Red Beach tain less than 0.1 ppm Au, and apparently were derived Granite and the Silurian stratified rocks are uncon- from a terrane of quartzite, jasper, argillite, and iron- formably overlain by the Upper Devonian Perry For­ formation that contained very little or no gold. mation. The sulfide deposits probably also predate the The carbonaceous and partly pyritic slates and schists Perry Formation, and evidently were formed in a vol­ of the Uncompahgre Formation of the Needle Moun­ canic environment that existed during the time interval tains, Colo., were sampled and analyzed for gold and between accumulation of the Upper Silurian host rocks other metals. Results show less than 0.02 ppm Au in all and subsequent erosion, and deposition of the Perry samples, and values of other metals comparable to or less Formation. The deposits are locally cut by Devonian (?) than those of average shales. vesicular diabasic dikes and sills, which further sug­ Northern Black Hills, 8. Dak. Recognitkn of wide­ gests that mineralization originated at shallow depths. spread ellipsoidal metabasalts, associated with streaky The minerals of these deposits are distributed in three ferruginous chert, in the Flag Rock Formation of Dodge distinct zones: (1) a central(?) gold-bearing zone of (1942) 8 in the northern Black Hills indicates that ex­ chalcopyrite, pyrite, gangue minerals, and pervasively ploration possibilities in several areas should be recon­ silicified rocks; (2) an intermediate zinc-rich zone in sidered. The Flag Rock Formation is in the upper part which sphalerite is the dominant ore mineral; and (3) of the Precambrian stratigraphic sequence at Lead, an outer (?) silver-lead-zinc zone of dominantly sphal­ S. Dak. According to R. W. Bayley, the consistent past erite, galena, and probably several silver minerals, and practice of regarding these metabasalts as irtrusive or only locally silicified rocks. as metamorphosed carbonate-bearing beds has contrib­ Studies of Precambrian gold deposits uted to a misunderstanding of the general stratigraphy. Gold Basin-Lost Basin district, Arizona. Quartz- 6 Eva a Just, 1937, Geology and economic features of the pegmatites of sulfide-gold veins and veinlets are widely dispersed Taos and Rio Arriba Counties, New Mexico : New Mexico School Mines throughout the upper Precambrian metamorphic and Bull. 13, p. 11, 13, 21-22, 43. 6 Fred Barker, 1958, Precambrian and Tertiary geology of Las Tablas plutonic complex extending from Gold Butte in the quadrangle, New Mexico: New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources southern Virgin Mountains, Clark County, Nev., to the Bull. 45, p. 1, 10, 24. 7 Arthur Montgomery, 1953, Pre-Cambrian geology of the Picuris Gold Basin-Lost Basin district south of Lake Mead, Range, north-central New Mexico : New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources Bull. 30, p. 8, 21-31. * D. H. Amos, 1958, Geology and petrology of the Calais and Rob- 8 T. A. Dodge, 1942, Amphibolites of the Lead area, northern Black binston quadrangles, Maine: Dissert. Abs., v. 19, no. 5, p. 1053. Hills, South Dakota : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 53, no. 4, p. 563. SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE PROGRAMS A5

Further confusion was caused, particularly in the Ga- in the bedrock beneath the gravels that might have lena-Roubaix district, by the incorrect correlation of the served as natural traps for gold, and (4) determine the cherts of the Flag Rock with the Homestake Formation distribution within the gravels of other relatively h^avy of Hosted and Wright (1923) .9 Recognition of the meta- minerals such as magnetite and pyrite that are krown basalt-chert lithocouple as part of the Flag Rock opens to be associated with concentrations of gold in this up exploration sites for Homestake-type ore bodies here­ area. tofore unrecognized. For example, plunging anticlines Some preliminary conclusions have been reached. A in the Galena-Roubaix district, in which the oldest rocks combination of seismic-refraction and gravity methods exposed are the Flag Rock and which show lean gold have determined the depth and configuration of the mineralization in the crests, should now be regarded as channel to an accuracy within 10 percent of the depth target areas possibly underlain by the mineralized as measured in the drill holes. Seismic-refraction meth­ Homestake Formation. ods have identified depressions in the bedrock surface, Though fieldwork is still in progress, it seems likely below volcanic rocks, that may be occupied by gravels; now that the same reasoning may be applied to the main seismic methods, however, cannot actually detect low- structure at Rochford, where ellipsoidal lavas, tuffs, and velocity gravels beneath the higher velocity volcanics. breccias of the Flag Rock are underlain and overlain Electromagnetic methods, supplemented in part by in­ by graphitic and cummingtonite schists. The upper duced-polarization methods, show promise of being able cummingtonite schist has been called Homestake For­ to detect and trace the productive gravels where they mation (which it definitely resembles) and on this basis are not buried deeper than 200 feet. A broad, vague the structure there was interpreted to be an upside-down magnetic anomaly across the channel suggests that more syncliiie. An intriguing alternate view, tentatively held, precise magnetic studies might delineate concentrations is that the schist and volcanic rocks are all Flag Rock, of magnetic material. The usefulness of the resistivity resting on quartzite of the Ellison Formation of Hosted method for determining bedrock configuration was re­ and Wright (1923) that is exposed in the crest of the stricted in this area by the locally rough topogr;>r>hy structure. According to this interpretation, the structure within the hydraulic pits; however, the method did is a normal pitching anticline and the true Homestake provide more information than the others on layering Formation (if present) lies below the Ellison. within the gravels in favorable areas. Studies of recent and fossil placer deposits Northeastern Utah. The Wasatch (Tertiary) and Sierra Nevada, Calif. Drill-log information ob­ Evanston (Tertiary and Cretaceous) Formations and tained by D. W. Peterson and W. E. Yeend from pri­ Echo Canyon Conglomerate of Williams and Madsen vate sources indicates that a 2-mile stretch of the (1959) 10 (Cretaceous) of northeastern Utah have been Tertiary gravel channel near North Columbia, Nevada sampled for gold by T. E. Mullens and D. C. Eiiox. County, contains over half a million ounces of gold Bedrock or gravel samples weighing 13 to 15 kg were dispersed through about 22 million cubic yards of taken at 165 localities and concentrated to a few grams by panning. In all the samples only a few flakes of gold gravel, at a grade (based on a price of $35 per ounce) were found, and none had more than one flake per sam­ averaging about 81 cents per cubic yard. The deposit ple. Thus, the sampled formations do not seem to contain is buried at depths ranging from 100 to 400 feet. Al­ concentrations of gold of economic importance, and though the deposit is too low grade to support extrac­ very likely no undetected pre-Tertiary deposits of gold tion and recovery by present methods, the total quantity exist in any of the rocks exposed in the northern Wa­ of metal represents a target attractive enough to stimu­ satch Mountains. late the imagination and ingenuity of miners and Virginia City, Mont. Placer deposits of Virginia metallurgists. City have yielded the bulk of the district's gold output, Tests were conducted along the channel by H. W. and some, such as those of Alder Gulch, were fabulously Oliver and colleagues to determine the feasibility of rich. As part of his study of the district, K. L. Weir using geophysical methods to (1) determine the con­ mapped the volcanic rocks of the area to determine, if figuration of the bedrock beneath the exposed gravels, possible, the prevolcanic drainage pattern and the pos­ (2) find and trace Tertiary channels where they are sible location of buried placers. His mapping indicates buried by volcanic breccia, (3) locate structures such that the prevolcanic drainage probably coincided with as transverse ridges, faults, and lithologic boundaries 10 N. C. Williams and J. H. Madsen, Jr., 1959, Late Cretaceous stratig­ 8 J. O. Hosted and L. B. Wright, 1923, Geology of the Homestake ore raphy of the Coalville area, Utah, in Intermountain Assoc. Petroleum bodies and the Lead area of South Dakota: Bng. and Mining Jour.- Geologists, Guidebook, 10th Ann. Field Conf., Salt Lake City, Utah: Press, v. 115, DOS. 18, 19, p. 793-799, 836-843. p. 123, 125. A6 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS the present drainage, and therefore that concealed placer Illinois River south of its junction with the Eogue Eiver deposits are unlikely to exist away from Alder Gulch. at Agness. These deposits were of undetermined size, Moenkopi Foliation, Colorado Plateau region-. extent, and economic potential until E. M. Baldwin Gold is found in quantities of 0.02 ppm or higher in 101 (Univ. of Oreg.), working under a joint research con­ samples out of 318 collected from the Triassic Moenkopi tract as part of the Geological Survey marine program, Formation in the Colorado Plateau region, according mapped and sampled the sandstone bodies in detail. His to E. A. Cadigan. The Moenkopi Formation is a "red- findings indicate that the sandstone occurs in small thin bed" unit composed of very fine-grained sandstones, outliers that probably formed in middle Eocene time at coarse siltstones, clastic limestones, and gypsum. The the margin of a marine basin. The gold content of the rocks represent a variety of depositional environments deposits is low, substantially less than 1 ppm, and at ranging from continental to marine. Some very coarse present the deposits have very limited economic poten­ conglomerates are present but the formation is pre­ tial. However, these deposits may have contrbuted sig­ dominantly thin bedded, with little evidence of chan­ nificantly to marine placer deposits and could constitute neling or torrential bedding. The mode of occurence of an important source of gold and other heavy metals that the gold and its particle size and shape are not known. occur on the continental shelf off the mo^ith of the Gold values within the Moenkopi occur in a log- Eogue Eiver. normal statistical distribution and range from 0.02 to Geochemical and geophysical studies at Cripple Creek, O.YO ppm. The regional distribution of gold-bearing Colo. samples departs significantly from random. Probability of randomness was found to be less than 0.01 based on a Geochemical studies in the Cripple Creek district by chi-square test for significance. Major sources of chi- G. B. Gott and J. H. McCarthy, Jr., show that strong square deviation are: (1) a significantly greater than northwest-trending gold anomalies are reflected by the expected proportion of gold-bearing samples in the distribution of several metals and by zones of potassic northern (Uinta Mountains) part of the region; and, alteration. Within the strongest alteration zones, potas­ (2) a smaller than expected proportion of gold-bearing sium has been enriched, at the expense of sodium, by a samples in the central (Paradox Basin) part of the re­ factor of 2 to 3. Airborne radiometric mersurements, gion. No single stratigraphic member was found to have therefore, should define exploration targets in detail. a significantly higher proportion of gold-bearing sam­ Gravity and magnetic data collected by M. D. Klein- ples than the formation as a whole. The upper red mem­ kopf over the Cripple Creek caldera and adjacent Pikes ber, however, in southwestern Utah yielded the highest Peak granite have provided new information on the proportion of gold-bearing samples, in terms of the chi- geology and on the controls of mineralization in the square index, of all of the stratigraphic members. Subsequent sampling has not revealed any zones or Cripple Creek district. The Bouguer gravity data show areas of concentration, and this relation tends to sup­ a 10-mgal minimum anomaly conforming to the outline port the idea that the gold is generally disseminated of the caldera. The lowest gravity values as well as the throughout the rocks and that statistically significant negative magnetic anomalies correlate well with gold regional or stratigraphic differences have no economic and silver geochemical anomalies and with areas of importance. alteration and mineralization. Northwestern Colorado. Gold occurs with monazite Gold deposits at Thunder Mountain caldera, central in placer deposits of at least three ages in the Iron Idaho Springs Divide area northwest of Craig. According to Productive low-grade gold deposits of the Thunder P. K. Theobald, sand lenses in the Eocene Wasatch Mountain district, Valley County, may be essentially Formation about 50 feet below a tongue of the Green stratabound, according to B. F. Leonard. TH distribu­ Eiver Formation are the local source beds and are them­ selves mined on a small scale. Placer deposits in old tion of known deposits and prospects is consistent with terraces are derived from the Eocene rocks and, with the the notion that some process concentrated gold within Eocene rocks, contribute to placers in the modern allu­ the detrital and immediately underlying pyroclastic vium. The primary source for the gold and monazite filling of the Thunder Mountain caldera before this was in Precambrian crystalline rocks, most likely to the sinklike, partly andesite-flooded Tertiary structure was east of the present deposits. intensely block-faulted during Quaternary time. Much Southern Oregon. Deposits of magnetite-rich sand­ of the andesite and most of the sedimentary unit be­ stone, previously considered to be of Jurassic or Creta­ neath it have since been eroded. The crudely conform­ ceous age, crop out sporadically in the hills near the able, replacement character of the Dewey and Sunny- SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE PROGRAMS A7 side deposits was recognized some years ago by Ross.11 tration in the secondary iron byproducts of weather­ The hypothesis of stratabound gold accumulation has ing. Subsequent erosional dispersal of such secondary an obvious bearing on prospecting for additional low- iron phases may account for a significant part of the grade gold deposits in the bedrock. The broad, flat ridge gold in the sedimentary cycle. In addition, accretionary north of Dewey Hill is capped by thin flows of andesite. iron of any kind formed during weathering may be a The andesite is nearly everywhere in fault contact with valuable guide to ore. welded rhyolite crystal tuff that Leonard thinks must SILVER underlie the thin sedimentary unit exposed at the Argentiferous base-metal deposits, Needle Mount-tins, Dewey mine, where the sedimentary rocks themselves Colo. are in contact with a thin fault sliver of andesite. Three miles east, of the Dewey mine, conglomerates and sand­ Ore deposits in the Chicago Basin-Vallecito Basin stones rich in rhyolitic debris are exposed beneath ande­ area of the Needle Mountains, southwestern Colorado, site; the contact is an unconformity. Therefore, sedi­ were investigated by L. J. Schmitt, Jr., and W. H. Ray­ mentary rocks that are potentially gold bearing may un­ mond. A highly altered silicic porphyritic intr isive derlie at least, part of the 1.1 square miles of andesite plug of possible Tertiary age intrudes Precambrian that caps the flat ridge north of Dewey Hill, provided granite and is surrounded by argentiferous base-netal they were not completely eroded before the andesite fissure veins. The plug is composite and consists of rocks flowed over them. The exposed thickness of andesite is of both pre- and post-mineralization age. The vein min­ generally 200 to 300 feet. Its total thickness is indeter­ erals are mainly sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite minate, owing to faulting, but the strong topographic with lesser amounts of tetrahedrdte, and the veins con­ expression of the andesite suggests that its total thick­ tain significant amounts of silver. Anomalous amounts ness may not exceed 350 feet. The existence of favorable of molybdenum were found both in veins and in silicified gold-bearing ground beneath the andesite could there­ and argillized porphyry. fore be tested by drilling shallow holes from readily ac­ cessible sites on the flat ridge. OTHER COMMODITIES Mobility of gold during weathering COPPER Gold is appreciably enriched in secondary iron oxides Consumption of copper in the United States increased and hydroxides that develop during weathering. Z. S. from 1.4 million tons in 1950 to 2.3 million tons in 1966. Altschuler has found abnormal concentrations of gold Far more significant has been the rise in consumption in iron-rich selvages developed on the weathered sur­ in non-Communist countries, which has increased from faces of granite, in illuvial iron zones of lateritized 2 million tons in 1950 to 5.5 million tons in 1966. The granite, in iron-stained grus overlying gold-bearing por­ copper industry, through diligent exploration, aggres­ phyry, in secondary goethitic fracture fillings in hydro- sive expansion of production facilities, and technologic thermally altered argillites, and in concretionary iron development, has produced copper in quantities ade­ nodules from lateritic soils over gold mines. Composite quate to meet consumptive needs. Exploration for cop­ samples of soil nodules collected at 4 mines had gold per to meet anticipated needs will, however, become values of 500,800,1,300, and 1,700 ppb Au. increasingly difficult as more and more of the Nation's At the Calhoun mine, Lumpkin County, Ga., fresh area is tested. To aid in this continuing search, the Geo­ limonite mud forms a coating on the wall of an adit logical Survey has undertaken a number of projects driven 50 feet below an old stope. F. G. Lesure reports aimed at gaining more information on copper deposits. that the limonite mud assays 2.9 ppm An; whereas the Selected highlights of these projects are described in wallrock under the limonite, a quartz-biotite-muscovite the following section; other results are given in the sec­ schist containing about 0.1 percent, pyrite, has no detect­ tion "Geological, Geophysical, and Mineral-Resource able gold. Gold is apparently being taken into solution during the oxidation of pyrite in the stope and is being Studies." transported and redeposited with fresh limonite where Copper geochemical anomalies in central North Carolina iron-rich ground water is exposed to air in the adit be­ A geochemical study by A. A. Stromquist along the low the stope. Silver Hill-Gold Hill shear zone, a major structure 2 These results indicate appreciable mobilization of to 4 miles wide that strikes north-northeast across cen­ gold by ground water during weathering and concen- tral North Carolina, has revealed several copper 11 C. P. Ross, 1927, Ore deposits in Tertiary lava in the Salmon anomalies along en-echelon trend's as much as 1,100 feet River Mountains, Idaho: Idaho Bur. Mines and Geology Pamph. 25, p. 14-16. long and 400 feet wide. Within these anomalous areas,

318-835 O - 68 - 2 A8 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS samples contain 80 to 600 ppm Cu accompanied locally ments of these investigations is described in the fol­ by gold in amounts as high as several parts per million; lowing section. in general, however, the gold content is much less than Structural control of sedimentary uranium deposits, 1 ppm. southern Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoning Exploration targets in Hogatza area, Alaska Exploratory drilling in the Edgemont uranium dis­ Several exploration targets have been found in the trict should be aided by C. G. Bowles' recognition that Hogatza area northeast of Seward Peninsula as a result recurrent deformation along northeast-trending fault of fieldwork by T. P. Miller and O. J. Ferrians, Jr. zones controlled both the distribution of favorable host These include (1) copper mineralization at two locali­ rocks and the movement of ore-forming solutions. The ties at the north end of the Zane Hills pluton, together streams that deposited the host-rock sandstone of the with stream-sediment sampling that indicates an area Lower Cretaceous Inyan Kara Group flowed northwest­ of anomalous copper content; (2) boulders of barite, ward and were diverted by uplift along the perpen­ containing tetrahedrite, galena, and sphalerite, in tail­ dicular fault trends. Tributaries tended to concentrate ings of the abandoned placer in Utopia Creek, which, in areas of subsidence. Subsequent nondeposition or together with geochemical anomalies revealed by erosion on upwarped areas, deposition of finer grained sampling of stream sediments, indicate possible lead- sediments in relatively stable areas, and thicker accu­ silver mineralization; (3) lead mineralization south of mulation of sand in the more rapidly subsiding areas Purcell Mountain in the headwaters of the Hawk Kiver controlled the distribution of favorable host rocks. in a zone of quartz veins; and (4) a radioactivity Recurrent fracturing on the northeast-trer ding zones anomaly in border phases of the Zane Hills pluton. during later Cretaceous and Cenozoic time permitted Base-metal anomalies near Summitville, Colo. ground water, migrating down the flanks of the Black A geologic and geochemical study of the volcanic and Hills uplift in the Minnelusa Formation of Permian intrusive center around the Summitville mining district and Pennsylvanian age and probably in tita Pahasapa and Lookout Mountain in the eastern San Juan Moun­ Limestone of Mississippian age, to rise under artesian tains has revealed an exploration target for copper and pressure (F. A. Swenson, r!082). Fracture-controlled solution of anhydrite in the Minnelusa by the ascend­ other base metals. W. N. Sharp reports that over a large area volcanic rocks, a porphyry dike of the same age ing water produced collapse-breccia pipes, some of as the plug at Summitville, and a quartz monzonite which extended upward to the Inyan Kara Group, pro­ stock are altered to illite-kaolinite. Within this altered viding conduits for uraniferous ground water. area is a zone of more intense alteration characterized PETROLEUM by alunite and pyrophyllite. Several areas containing anomalous amounts of lead, molybdenum, copper, and Structure and petroleum accumulation, Wind River Basin, zinc also include parts of the dike, the stock, and the Wyoming zone of intense alteration. This combination of features Regional stratigraphic and structural interpretations strongly resembles the pattern of alteration and metal by W. R. Keefer suggest that conditions were favorable anomalies in the highly productive Summitville district. for generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons in pre-uppermost Cretaceous oil and gas reservoirs long URANIUM before the advent of Laramide deformation in latest The projected growth of nuclear power generation in Cretaceous time. Fluids tended to migrate as far east­ the United States will necessitate the discovery of ward as the present Wind River Basin are?, if individ­ nearly 500,000 tons of U3O8 to meet demands through ual reservoir conditions permitted, because the regional 1980 and to provide a needed 8-year reserve. This is dip of strata was westward toward the geosynclinal nearly double the amount that has been discovered in area in eastern Idaho, and because overburden pressures all the past. Although it is reasonable to expect that were always greater toward the west. Some primary this much economically recoverable uranium exists in accumulations of petroleum probably took place at or the United States, most of the more easily discovered near presently known oil and gas fields before folding near-surface deposits have already been found and new began. deposits will become increasingly more difficult to locate. Pronounced subsidence of the central basin area dur­ Part of the Geological Survey's investigations are ing the Laramide in latest Cretaceous and early Ter­ directed toward providing new geologic, geophysical, tiary times induced a secondary migration of fluids and geochemical information to aid in the search for updip toward anticlinal traps that developed contem­ new uranium deposits, and one of the recent accomplish­ poraneously along the basin margins. Hovever, facies SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE PROGRAMS A9 changes, unconformities, and porosity and permeability Appraisal of geochemical anomalies barriers within many of the pre-uppermost Cretaceous In the Burnt Nubble area of Squaretown, Somerset reservoirs tended to inhibit wholesale flushing of all the County, Maine, a diamond-drilling program carriec* out oil and gas formerly trapped in the central basin area. by F. C. Canney to determine the source and signifi­ It is believed, therefore, that still-unexplored strati- cance of strong geochemical and geophysical anomalies graphic traps may exist downdip from the present revealed a major belt of sulfide mineralization within margins of the basin. gabbro-norite of the Moxie pluton. The belt is at least 5,000 feet long and located 8 miles away from known EXPLORATION TECHNIQUES mineralization of the same type. The belt contains several sulfide zones with substantial amounts of dis­ Reconnaissance geochemical investigations seminated to massive pyrrhotite and minor amounts of In the Empire mining district, Clear Creek County, chalcopyrite. north-central Colorado, G. C. Curtin and others used Botanical investigations the gold content of forest humus, which consists of In studies of metal absorption by plants, H. L. Can­ mixed organic and mineral matter, to delineate gold non, H. T. Shacklette, and Harry Bastron (r!823) mineralization in the bedrock underneath colluvial or analyzed samples of Equisetum (horsetail) from ^ari- glacial cover. The ash of the humus layer in mineralized ous mineralized areas and reported that the ash of sam­ areas contains 0.2 to 6 ppm Au, whereas the underlying ples collected in the conterminous United States and colluvial soil (6-12 inch depth) contains lesser amounts. Alaska contained an average of 0.17 and 0.54 ppm Au, Also in one area of the Empire district, F. N. Ward respectively. The observation that the ash of Equisetum and others found that the bismuth or cadmium content had a lower metal content than the ash of other plants of forest humus is useful in pinpointing mineralized from the same locality suggests that it is not an accumu­ zones in bedrock underneath colluvial cover. Directly lator of metals as previously thought. Zinc is an excep­ over mineralized zones the bismuth content of humus tion, as it is consistently present in amounts greater ash is as much as 300 ppm and decreases to less than than are found in the substrate and often in amounts 25 ppm within a distance of 20 feet from the zones. greater than in the ash of other plants. Over mineralized zones the cadmium content of humus ash is 20 ppm and decreases to 5 ppm and less within a Airborne detection of mercury vapor as a tool distance of 20 feet from the zones. for exploration In the northern Sierra Cuchillo, Socorro County, N. An instrumental technique for measuring the mer­ Mex., W. B. Griffitts and others report that the minerals cury content of exhaled soil gas, developed by W. W. barite and fluorspar, as well as the elements tellurium, Vaughn,12 has been tested by Vaughn and J. H. lead, molybdenum, zinc, and copper, define a strong McCarthy, Jr., in the Ivanhoe district, Elko County, geochemical anomaly associated with argillized vol­ Nev. In this technique, the exhaled gas passes upward canic rocks. The significance of the anomaly is not into a pyramidal plastic tent and escapes through the known, but its magnitude is enough to justify further apex, which contains an amalgamator that selectively investigation. traps the mercury vapor. The amalgamator is removed after 2 hours and the trapped mercury is released and In a study of the minor-element association of gold measured in a mercury-vapor absorption photometer. in ore-related jasperoids, T. G. Lovering, H. W. Lakin, Apparently the diurnal changes in temperature and and A. E. Hubert observed a strong correlation of gold pressure at the soil surface causes back-and-forth ir ove- with tellurium, mercury, tin, arsenic, and possibly sil­ ment of soil gases. With decreasing barometric pressure, ver. The last three elements were usually detected in mercury is exhaled from the soil. Its concentration in routine spectrographic analysis of jasperoids, and the the air over a mineralized zone containing mercury strong correlation with gold suggests a means of ex­ minerals such as cinnabar, metacinnabar, and schuetteite ploration for the precious metal. may be as much as 100 times greater than the corcen- Geochemical studies in the Sheep Creek Eange, Lan- tration in air over an unmineralized area. der County, Nev., by G. B. Gott reveal strong geochem­ Over mineralized zones, anomalous mercury corcen- ical anomalies of zinc, lead, mercury, copper, silver, trations extend upward to at least 1,000 feet above the antimony, and arsenic in exposures of siliceous clastic surface. Eecently Vaughn, R. E. Learned, and Mc­ rocks of the upper plate of the Roberts Mountains thrust Carthy, in cooperation with D. R. Mabey and others, fault. Some of these anomalies conform to an aeromag- mounted mercury amalgamators in low-flying aircraft netic anomaly, but their significance is uncertain at 13 W. W. Vaughn, 1967, A simple mercury vapor detector for geo­ present. chemical prospecting: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 540, 8 p. A10 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS and found mercury concentrations in air over mercury boiling nitric acid, and cadmium is measured by atom­ deposits as much as 10 to 15 times background and in izing the supernatant liquid directly into an acetylene- air over porphyry copper deposits as much as 6 times air flame of an atomic-absorption spectroph^tometer. background. A similar method for determining bismuth in altered Mineral exploration by in-situ X-ray fluorescence rocks has been developed by F. N". Ward and H. M. Nakagawa (r0397). As little as 10 to 20 ppm Bi can be F. E. Senftle and A. B. Tanner tested the feasibility measured with a relative standard deviation of about of using X-ray fluorescence in the field for mineral de­ 10 percent. tection. Sensitivities for both gold and silver were im­ In a reappraisal of early spectrographic data for the proved considerably by special construction and con­ Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale Member of the Phos- figuration of the X-ray source. With a newly engineered phoria Formation in Jackson Hole, Wyo., J. D. Love direct linear readout and an improved source, the reported that one bed T1/^ feet thick and 1 feet above threshold of sensitivity for gold is about 100 ppm. Fur­ the base of the formation contained $2.70 Ag per ton ther development will probably improve the sensitivity (computed on the basis of $2.25 per troy ounce, and by at least an order of magnitude. short tons) and about 20 percent P2O5. The basal 2 feet Mineral exploration by in-situ neutron activation of this bed contained $3.78 per ton Ag. Other parts of F. E. Senftle, Perry Sarigianis, John Evans, and this bed contained 0.7 percent Cr, 0.3 percent each of P. W. Philbin (in U.S. Geol. Survey, r0439, p. A16) Sr and V, and lesser amounts of La, Mo, Ni, and Y. previously described instrumentation for determining Although significant amounts of gold have not been silver by in-situ neutron activation. This technique has reported from the Phosphoria Formation ir this area, 4 been improved by them to permit detection of silver in samples from a recently discovered surface section of concentrations of less than 0.1 oz per ton. Similar equip­ the Retort Phosphatic Shale Member 25 mibs southeast ment permits detection of gold in concentrations of 0.3 of Jackson, Wyo., contained 200 to 400 ppb Au. oz per ton. Techniques are being devised to improve F. N". Ward and M. E. Hinkle have developed a new these limits by at least an order of magnitude. method for the determination of mercury in vegetation Analytical procedures useful in geochemical prospecting and natural waters based upon the change in potential of a specific iodide electrode caused by the, reaction of As little as 0.01 ppm An in soils and rocks can be de­ mercury with iodide. Mercury concentrations as low as termined with an improved analytical method devel­ 10~* ppm in aqueous solution are easily mea sured. oped by G. H. VanSickle and H. W. Lakin. The gold is A spark-solution technique for emission spectro­ dissolved from a 100-g sample with a small amount of bromine and ethyl ether and subsequently treated with graphic work has been developed by D. J. Grimes and A. P. Marranzino. Samples are digested in acid, trans­ methyl isobutyl ketone by a special technique in which ferred to a porcelain boat, and the solution is fed into the volume of added ketone is optimum to form a "mud- the spark gap by means of a rotating disk. Sensitivities ball" with the powdered sample. Dilute hydrobromic as low as 0.1 to 1 ppm can be obtained for Ag, As, Au, acid displaces the ketone, and gold is measured by atom­ izing the ketone into an atomic-absorption spectropho- Bi, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sn, and Zn. tometer. The use of a large sample promotes better pre­ Interpretation of geophysical data by electronic computer cision and improved sensitivity. L. E. Cordell and R. G. Henderson have developed a Toluene-3,4-dithiol was used by W. R. Griffitts and method of successive approximations for deriving a others to detect small particles of molybdenite or ferri- three-dimensional structural model from gravity- molybdite in mineral concentrates. These particles are anomaly data, given certain limiting restrictions. A often too, small for positive identification under a petro- computer program was written and successfully tested graphic microscope. The mineral particles are placed on on synthetic and actual gravity data. a piece of filter paper previously dusted with a fine layer of the dry-powdered organic reagent. Concentrated Fourier analysis has been applied to total-magnetic- hydrochloric acid is allowed to diffuse slowly through intensity profiles by Henderson and Cordell in order to paper past the unknown mineral grains. Flecks of green calculate certain parameters of two-dimensional struc­ color around the mineral grains are positive evidence of tures such as depth, dip and width, and relief of molybdenum minerals. basement surfaces. In interpreting a magnetic anomaly As little as 0.2 ppm Cd in soils and rocks can be de­ related to sea-floor spreading, they were alxle to deduce termined by a method developed by H. M. Nakagawa directly the susceptibility variation in the basaltic and T. F. Harms. The powdered sample is leached with layer. SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE PROGRAMS /ll

A system was also developed for the automatic inter­ Niobium (Columbium)" Sulfur pretation of two-dimensional prismatic magnetic bodies Quartz crystal (piezo­ Talc (block steatite) from digitized aeromagnetic profiles. electric) Tellurium Microbiological investigations Eare earths Thorium Selenium Uranium Preliminary results of a research grant to Colorado State University to investigate the role of micro­ The following 9 minerals or metals are eligible for organisms in the solubilization of gold indicate that Government financial assistance of 75 percent of the some micro-organisms thrive in nutrient solutions that allowable costs of exploration: contain up to 10 ppm Au. These organisms will be Antimony Eutile tested for their ability to solubilize gold. Bismuth Silver Gold Tantalum OFFICE OF MINERALS EXPLORATION Mercury Tin Exploration for certain minerals within the United Platinum-group States and its territories and possessions is encouraged metals by a financial assistance program conducted by the Geo­ Combinations of the minerals or mineral products logical Survey's Office of Minerals Exploration (OME). listed in the 50- and 75-percent assistance groups may­ The program provides financial assistance to private be eligible for Government financial assistance of 62.5 industry on a participating basis. It is available to those percent of the allowable costs of exploration. who would not ordinarily undertake the proposed Activity in the OME program in the year ending exploration at their sole expense, and who are unable to obtain the necessary finances on reasonable terms March 31, 1968, and from February 1959 when the from commercial sources. An applicant must own, lease, first application was received to April 1, 1968, was or have an otherwise valid claim to the property he as follows: wishes to explore. Total estimcted Apr. 1,1967- Feb. mo- cost of proposed Exploration on approved projects may be conducted Mar.31,1968 Apr. 1,1968 exploration from the surface or underground using recognized and Applications received-­ 101 728 $72, 025, 366 Applications denied- __ 23 287 sound procedures in the search for new or unexplored Applications with- mineral deposits within a specified area or parcel of drawn______- 33 215 ground where geologic conditions favor their occur­ Executed contracts: Number of rence. Assistance is not available to "grubstake" or contracts ______20 154 Total value. _____ $1, 254, 180 $9, 977, 704 finance prospecting ventures. Government Kepayment to the Government of Federal funds share_.______$853,935 $5,610,609 Government expended on a contract plus simple interest is at the rate share spent, _ _ _ $588, 311 $2, 820, 434 of 5-percent royalty on production from the property. Repaid to Gov­ ernment If there is no production, no repayment is required. through The Government is not obligated to purchase any royalties on production. production..--. $14,973 $165,912 A total of 36 minerals or mineral products are eligible Distribution by principal mineral commodities of all for Government financial assistance, of which the fol­ OME contracts executed through March 31, 19^8, lowing 27 are eligible for 50 percent of the allowable was as follows: costs of exploration: Number of Total value of Percentage Principal commodity contracts contracts of total value Asbestos Fluorspar Silver. 55 $4, 108, 466 41.2 Bauxite Graphite (crucible 42 2, 347, 209 23. 5 Mercury. ______--_-- 11 726, 380 7.3 Beryllium flake) Lead-zinc. ______7 682, 030 6.8 Cadmium Iron ore Copper.______--_---_-- 10 578, 550 5. 8 Lead-zinc-copper. ______-- 11 487, 641 4.9 Chromite Kyanite (strategic) Molybdenum______3 384, 438 3.8 Cobalt Manganese Iron______---_-_--_-- 3 199, 580 2. 0 Beryllium______3 127, 440 1. 3 Copper Mica (strategic) All others (cobalt, fluorspar, Corundum Molybdenum mica, nickel, platinum, 335, 970 3.4 Diamond Monazite uranium) ______(industrial) Nickel Total (15 commodities).. 154 $9, 977, 704 ICO. 0 A12 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

As of March 31, 1968, 40 OME contracts were in force National Wildlife Refuges that are being considered for in 12 States, and 72 applications for financial assistance inclusion into the National Wilderness Preservation were under review. System. These brief reports have been published in the bulletin series of the Survey. Included are p.ll or parts MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO THE of the following refuges: Alaska Bering !?Q.a, Bogos- WILDERNESS ACT lof, Forrester Island, Hazy Island, St. Lazaria, Semidi, Simeonof, Tuxedni; Florida Cedar Keys, Island Bay, The Wilderness Act of 1964 directs the Secretary of Pelican Island, Passage Key; Georgia Okefenokee; Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior to review Maine Moosehorn; Massachusetts Monomoy; Mich­ the suitability or nonsuitability of lands being consid­ igan Huron Islands, Michigan Islands, S^ney; New ered for inclusion in the National Wilderness Preser­ Jersey Great Swamp; New Mexico Bitter Lake, vation System. They are to submit their recommenda­ Bosque del Apache; Oklahoma Wichita Tfountains; tions to the President and the Congress at the rate of Oregon Hart Mountain, Malheur, Oregon Islands, one-third of the areas within 3 years of passage of the Three Arch Rocks; Utah-Bear River; Washington Act, two-thirds of the areas within 7 years of passage Copalis, Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles : and Wis­ of the Act, and the remainder within 10 years of the consin Gravel Island, Green Bay. Act. The Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines are directed to make mineral surveys of the proposed MINERAL-RESOURCE APPRAISALS wilderness areas as one aspect of the suitability studies. NATIONAL COMPILATION PRIMITIVE AREAS The Geological Survey in its continuing work of The first 3-year period specified by the Act was examining the mineral resources of the Nation has pre­ reached in September 1967. As of then, the Geological pared numerous estimates of the availability of many Survey and Bureau of Mines had completed studies on different kinds and classes of mineral raw materials. more than one-third of the areas specified by the Act. The latest summary of these estimates is shown in table Most of the effort had been devoted to National Forest 1, with comparative world figures where available. The Primitive Areas, of which work in the following 12 estimates provide basic information on the relative suf­ Primitive Areas had been completed and the reports ficiency of domestic sources to fill the growing and published as Survey bulletins: San Raf ael, Calif.; Syca­ changing needs for minerals in our industrial economy. more Canyon, Ariz.; Flat Tops, Colo.; Spanish Peaks, Estimates of raw mineral materials are subject to Mont.; Mt. Jefferson, Oreg.; Stratified, Wyo.; Mount constant change, and reflect many degrees of certainty. Baldy, Ariz.; Pine Mountain, Ariz.; Devil Canyon, Technologic advancements create needs for new raw Calif.; Ventana, Calif.; Desolation Valley, Calif.; and materials and make it profitable to produce mineral High Uintas, Utah. substances that may have been uneconomic previously. No mineral-survey bulletins were published during Changes in demand, and resulting changes in price, the past year; however, field studies were active in the significantly affect the amounts of mineral materials following Primitive Areas: North Cascades, Wash.; that may be produced economically at any given time. Uncompahgre, Colo.; Idaho, Idaho; San Juan-Rio The geologic characteristics of the individual commod­ Grande, Colo.; Mission Mountains, Mont.; Emigrant ity have a direct bearing on material estimates. The vol­ Basin, Calif.; Blue Range, Ariz.; and Black Range, ume of coal or phosphate in sedimentary rocks may be N. Mex. The work is aimed primarily at appraising the estimated with a higher degree of certainty than a quan­ mineral potential of the areas. It includes reconnais­ tity of metallic materials that may be distributed spo­ sance geologic mapping, and extensive sampling of bed­ radically in vein deposits. On the other hand, higher rock units, stream sediments, and mineralized and non- unit values of metallic materials have led to more ex­ mineralized structures. From May 1965, when primitive tensive exploration of metallic deposits; thus there area work began, to January 1968, a total of 317,500 frequently is more information available for those ma­ analytical determinations on 19,000 samples had been terials than for many nonmetallic substances of less made. value. Most significant of all factors that concern the WILDLIFE REFUGES degree of certainty of reserve and resource estimates The Geological Survey has made office reviews of pub­ is the quality and quantity of information available lished and unpublished information on a number of on individual commodities. SPECIAL AND TOPICAL MINERAL-RESOURCE PROGRAMS A13

TABLE 1. Estimated reserves and resources of mineral raw materials

Reserves J Resources 2 Commodity World World than current USQ^ United States (including United States (including appraisal United States) United States)

Aluminum (bauxite)-- ______million long tons _ 45 5, 800 300 9, 600 U.S. Geol. Survey (USGS) Bull. 1228 (1967). Antimony (elemental) ______.. thousand short tons _ 50 2, 000 (3) (3) (4). Arsenic (As203) ______do 2, 500 Large (3) (3) (4). Asbestos __ .- _ -____- ____ ..million short tons 10 Large (3) (3) Barite 5_ ____----_____-____--______do 60 130 100 (3) Beryllium (equivalent beryl) _ _ _ _ _ .thousand long tons (3) (3) 6 1, 000 6 1, 650 Bismuth--.. ----______do 15 25 (3) (3) (4). Borates (B2O3)--- __ ... __- .__ __ _ million short tons 95 110 (3) (3) Bromine ______Unlimited source in sea water. Calcium and compounds lime, cement, Very Vast (3) (3) and limestone ______.short tons_ large. Chlorine. Unlimited source in sea water, brine, and rock salt. Chromite. ______.million long tons 0 2, 000 7 8 Several billion 7 Clay: High alumina clays. ______.._ _ million short tons (3) (3) 3, 000 (3) Bentonite.---. _ -______--_-___ -. -- do __ (3) (3) 1, 500 (3) Fuller's earth,. ... ______.____--__-__---_do--__ (3) (3) 1,500 (3) Miscellaneous clays ______._ _ __ -do- (3) (3) Very large (3) Cobalt..-- ___----__---_---_-----___ thousand short tons 50 2,200 (3) (3) Copper __ - ______million short tons_ 86 210 65 (3) U.S. Bur. Mines (USBM) Inf. Circ. 8325 (1967). Diamond industrial and gem__- - __ .million carats _ 0 (3) 0 (3) Fluorspar ore 8___ _ _.__ - _ million short tons 10 85 22 170 Gold. - _ -- -_ _. ___ .million troy oz _ 50 1, 000 9 400 (3) Graphite _ _ _ _ _ -thousand short tons__ 25 (3) 500 (3) USGS Bull. 1082-E (1960). Gypsum. ______.million short tons__ 50, 000 (3) (3) (3) (4). Helium _ - .__ _ . _ _-__-_billion cu ft _ 154 (3) 42 (3) USBM Minerals Yearbook, 1967. Iron ores______. __ -billion long tons 10 8 250 110 500 Kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite ore__ .million short tons__ 11 100 (3) Large (3) USGS Prof. Pap-^r 336 (1960). Lead. __ - ___ - _._. do 35 83 15 (3) USBM Inf. Circ. 8325 (1967). Lithium- _ _ _ Large source in brine. Magnesium and magnesium minerals: Brines and sea water Unlimited source in sea, large brine resources. Dolomite _ Vast Vast (3) (3) Magnesite _ _ _. .. .million short tons 65 8, 500 (3) (3) USBM Bull. 565 (1965). Brucite. ______. do o Q (3} (3~\ Do. Manganese ore 12 (metallurgical) _ ._ .million long tons 0 3, 800 1, 000 15, 000 Mercury 13 - .thousand 76-lb flasks 200 7, 000 750 15, 000 Mica: Sheet ___ - _..thousand short tons 0 (3) Small Large Ground ___ do (s) (3) Large Very (4)- large. Molybdenum-. _ _ _ ._ do __ 1, 500 2, 450 (3) (3) (4)- Nickel. _ _ _ do 14 250 60, 000 14 1, 400 (3) Niobium 15 (Nb»O5)_ - . do 125 9, 800 165 8, 600 Peat ____-_--______-__--______. _ million short tons 100 Vast 20,000 Vast Phosphate rock million long tons 16 12, 000 48, 000 48, 000 (3) Platinum group metals. __ million troy oz 17 3 50 (3) (3) Potash (K»O). _ _ _ . million short tons 1, 400 72, 000 5, 000 Vast Rare earths (Re2O3) 18 ______do 7 (3) (3) 3 Salt -_ _ -- trillion short tons 19 60 Vast Unlimited (3) Silver 20 . _-_.__._-____-_---____- million troy oz 1, 400 5, 500 500 (3) USBM Inf. Circ. 8325 (1967). Sulfur 21 - __---______--_-__-_____.__ million short tons (3) (3) 500 2, 000 Talc and pyrophyllite do 89 (3) Large (3) USGS Bull. 1167 (1964). Tantalum 22 (Ta_O5) _ ------_.______short tons 2, 100 170, 000 (3) 95, 000 Thorium (ThO2)--______thousand short tons 0 82 215 1, 200 Tin 23 _ ._ __-______-____ thousand long tons 9 5, 600 43 11, 400 Titanium 24 (TiOj)______. million short tons 100 500 (3) Vast See footnotes at end of table. A14 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

TABLE 1. Estimated reserves and resources of mineral raw materials Continued

Reserves l Resources 2 Source of estimate if other Commodity World World than current USGS United States (including United States (including appraisal United States) United States)

Tungsten___-____-___--_-__---___-_-thousand short tons__ 25 70 1, 500 200 Uranium 28 (U3O») ______do_ _ _ _ 210 742 675 2, 700 USGS Circ. 547 (1968). Vanadium___-__-_---_ _-_--___--__--___--_-_-_-__--do____ 200 4, 600 1,300 20, 000 Zinc______-_------_-millioii short tons__ 29 100 60 Zirconium 27 (as zircon)_-___----_---______----_-_do____ 6 30 Hydrocarbon mineral fuels bituminous rock (tar sands, and so forth)______-__-billion 42-gal bbl__ 2. 5-5. 5 (3) USBM Mon. 12 (1965). Coal 28 : Anthracite (> 14-inch beds)_-____-_--__-billion tons._____ 131 United States data Bituminous (____ do ___-)___--_-___-___----___-___ do_ ___ 670 } 4, 258 from IJSGS Bull. Subbituminous (>30-inch beds)______do____ 430J 1275 (in press), Lignite (___-do____)______do____ 450 856 USGS Bull. 1136 Oil shale: 25-100 gal per ton.______--_-_---_---billion 42-gal bbl__ 29 600 30 910 USGS Circ. 523 (1965). 10-25 gal per ton______--_--do____ 1, 600 2, 400 Petroleum 31 : Oil______--___-.-_-_---__--.-.billion 42-gal bbl__ 31] 416\ Resource data: Natural gas liquids___-_---_------_-----_-----do__-_ 9] 408 65J 2,385 USGS Circ. 522 (1965). Natural gas______-__----__--- -trillion cu ft- - 293 1, 185 2, 174 32 15, 454 Reserve data: Am. Petroleum Inst.; Am. Gas Assoc.; and Canadian Pe- trole'im Assoc., Monthly Rept. v. 22 H968).

i Reserves are known materials that may or may not be completely explored, but i? Includes platinum, palladium, indium, rhodium, ruthenium, and osmium. that may be quantitatively estimated; considered to be economically exploitable at United States reserves are almost entirely in copper ores. the tune of the estimate. 18 Excludes large but unknown resources in USSR. - Resources are materials other than reserves that may ultimately be exploitable; i» Many deposits would be commercial only near industrial centers. Unlimited they include undiscovered but geologically predictable deposits of materials similar resources in sea water and brine. to present reserves as well as known deposits of materials whose exploitation awaits 20 Reserves and resources largely are those associated with corner, lead, and zinc more favorable economic or technologic conditions. ores. Estimates include only non-Communist countries. 3 Data not available. 21 Includes only elemental sulfur deposits, and sulfur content in natural gas and 4 Statement by T. B. Nolan, U.S. Geological Survey, in "State of the Mineral petroleum and smelter byproduct. Does not include sulfur contained in coal, oil Industry," Hearings before the Subcommittee on Mining, Minerals and Fuels of the shale, anhydrite-gypsum, and other sources. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, U.S. Senate, 88th Congress, 1st Session: 22 World estimates do not include USSR; much of world reserve estimate is for tan­ May 9,1963. His estimates are cited as reserves only. talum contained in pyrochlore and may not be recoverable. 5 Expressed in BaSOj content of barite rock. 23 Reserves based on material minable at $1.37 per pound; resources based on mate­ 6 Includes deposits containing at least 1 percent equivalent beryl (0.1 percent BeO). rials minable at $3.00 per pound. 7 Includes deposits containing from 33 to 50 percent CrjOa and available as shipping 24 Unpublished U.S. Bureau of Mines estimate. World titaniu*n reserves include ores or concentrates at 3 to 6 times current price. 9 million tons of rutile in placers containing at least 0.5 percent rutile and the balance s Contains at least 35 percent CaFz or equivalent value in combined fluorspar and in ihnenite content of beach deposits with at least 1.4 percent TiCh content, in sapro- metallic sulfldes. lite deposits with about 7 percent TiOa content, and in anorthosite deposits contain­ 9 U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8331. ing 20 percent TiOj. 10 Estimated as iron ore comparable to that mined in recent years. 25 United States reserves based on at least 0.3 percent WOs content. 11 Southeastern United States only. 2° Reserves based on price of $5 to $10 per pound UsOg; resources based on price of 12 Reserves range from 30 to 50 percent Mn content; resources from 5 to 50 percent $5 to $15 per pound UsOs. Mn. 27 Unpublished U.S. Bureau of Mines sources. is Reserves contain at least 2 Ib of Hg per ton, resources based on at least 1 Ib of Hg 28 Resources within 3,000 feet of the surface. Includes signifiesnt reserves of coal. per ton. 29 Includes 80 billion bbl, probably recoverable under present conditions, and i4 United States reserves based on 1.5 percent average Ni content of lateritic de­ additional 520 billion bbl, available at higher prices or with improved technology. posits; United States resources based on 0.25 percent average Ni content of lateritic 30 Includes 190 billion bbl, recoverable under present conditions; some sources con­ deposits and 0.75 percent average Ni content in sulfide deposits. tain as little as 10 gal per ton. is Reserves based on at least 0.20 percent NbzOs. World estimate does not include 31 Estimates represent resources as of December 1967. World reserve and resource USSR. data on oil and natural gas are combined. "6 Includes, in western United States, material averaging at least 24 percent PaOs, s2 Includes cumulative gas production outside the United States. and not more than 100 feet below entry level. Some of this material would not be min- able at current prices. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A15

An appraisal of the iron-ore resources of the United AREAL COMPILATIONS States, prepared by Harry Klemic ts for inclusion in a In addition to the preparation of reserve and resource United Nations survey of the world's iron-ore resources, appraisals of the many mineral commodities on a na­ describes the distribution of some 110 billion tons of ma­ tional or worldwide basis, mineral-resource appraisals terials including both reserves and potential ores. Of of many areas have been prepared during the past year. this amount, 76 billion tons is in the Lake Superior Knowledge of potential mineral resources is most use­ region and the remainder is widely distributed through ful to the public if it is readily available in summary the rest of the country. Increasing use by the iron and form. Detailed geologic reports on many specific areas steel industry of higher grade natural ores from abroad provide descriptions of mineral resources and also give and pelletized concentrates made from low-grade taco- suggestions to aid in locating and developing additional nite ores in the United States indicates that medium- resources. Summary reports on larger regions provide grade materials not amenable to beneficiation are be­ information compiled from a variety of more detriled coming noncoinpetitive, hence are being relegated to the studies, which may provide regional clues to areas of status of potential resources, rather than being con­ highest mineral-resource potential. Regional sumimvries sidered as reserves. This shift, in use patterns of raw of the mineral resources of Arizona and Oregon are materials underscores the need for more precise data on under preparation in collaboration with the Arizona Bureau of Mines and the Oregon Department of Geol­ the grade and mineral ogical composition of iron-bearing ogy and Mineral Industries and other State and Fed­ materials in order to make adequate resource appraisals. eral agencies. The dominant role played by organic fuels in pro­ A resume of the known mineral resources of the Colo­ viding energy for our industrial economy requires de­ rado River region, centered around southwestern Colo­ tailed current knowledge of our fuel resources. A new rado, has been prepared as a guide for Federal and £ *:ate compilation of coal resources by Paul Averitt 14 shows agencies concerned with planning the best use, or com­ that remaining resources include about 13 billion tons bination of uses, of water and related land resources of anthracite and 670 billion tons of bituminous coal, to meet both short- and long-term needs. each in beds 14 inches or more in thickness within 3,000 feet of the surface. Similarly, about 430 billion tons of GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND subbituminous coal and 450 billion tons of lignite in MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES beds at least 30 inches thick occur within the same depth limitations. Under present conditions, about half these Geologic mapping and topical investigations are car­ remaining resources can be considered recoverable. In a ried out in many parts of the country in order to: (1) Establish the geologic framework necessary to assess related study, Averitt (rl!08) estimates that 108 billion the mineral-resource potential of areas favorable for tons of the Nation's coal resources are less than 100 feet occurrence of economic deposits; (2) locate favorable below the surface and are potentially recoverable by target areas that will attract further exploration and de­ open-pit raining techniques. Removal of this tonnage, velopment by private industry; (3) investigate funda­ which is about 700 times larger than strip-coal produc­ mental geologic processes that control formation and tion in 1965, would require turning over earth in an distribution of different types of mineral deposits in aggregate area about the size of the State of Ohio. Dis­ various geologic environments; and (4) gather and in­ turbing the surface of so large an area will obviously re­ terpret basic geologic data, including structural ir for­ quire development of plans to restore and utilize such mation, age, character, thickness, and relationships of strip-mined lands. rock bodies, needed for a host of applications involving land resources, construction activities, and mineral- 13 Harry Klemic, in press, Iron ore resources of the United States of America, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America, in Survey of World resource development. Results of these investigations Iron Ore Resources: United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social are summarized in this section according to the sub­ Affairs, (currently being edited at the United Nations). 14 Paul Averitt, in press, Coal resources of the United States a divisions of the conterminous United States show:^ on progress report, Jan. 1, 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1275. figure 1. A16 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

CENTRAL REGION L- AND-V

GREAT PLAINS

FIGURE 1. Index map of the conterminous United States, showing boundaries of regions referred to in the discussion of geological, geophysical, and mineral-resource studies.

NEW ENGLAND indicates that shearing directed east-southeast was a regional event contemporaneous with emp^cement of STRATIGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES dikes and sills of binary granite and was later than the peak of metamorphism. Northeastern Connecticut The rocks of the Eastford and Westford quadrangles, Western Massachusetts mapped by M. H. Pease, Jr., and J. D. Peper, consist Mapping in the Worthington quadrang1^ by N. L. mostly of interbedded metavolcaiiic and metasedimen- Hatch, Jr., and the Chester quadrangle by Hatch and tary gneisses and schists. A graphite-rich schist is S. A. Norton has revealed that isoclinal folds are continuous with formerly mined graphite deposits at dominant in the post-Taconic rocks. Although the rocks Sturbridge, Mass. The locally abundant pegmatites are are in the staurolite-kyanite zone of regional meta­ believed to have been formed by injection rather than morphism, sedimentary structures, particularly graded anatexis, because potassium feldspar is commonly con­ bedding and crossbedding, are abundant ard well pre­ centrated in and near them and the foliation is warped served. The map pattern of repeated long, r arrow belts around them. Small-scale folds are particularly common of relatively thin units is compatible with the fold sys­ in some lithologic types, but there is no evidence of tem indicated by the sedimentary structures. These folds large-scale folding, and these rocks appear to be a west- have subvertical axial surfaces, horizontal or gently northwest-dipping homoclinal sequence. North-north­ plunging axes, wavelengths of 300 to 2,000 feet, depend­ west-trending faults with apparent displacement of ing on the competence of the rocks involved, and am­ generally less than 500 feet are cut off in places by plitudes of about 7,000 feet. Two subsequent episodes of north-northeast-trending faults of uncertain but large folding produced widespread minor folds and slip displacement. Detailed study of small thrust-fault zones cleavage, but no mappable folds. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A17

Devonian island arc in Maine STUDIES OF ORE DEPOSITS

A belt of Lower Devonian felsic volcanic rocks in Emery deposits, western Massachusetts north-central Maine, including those of Mt. Kineo and The Chester emery deposits in the Chester quadrangle Traveler Mountain, has been studied by D. W. Eankin. apparently are metamorphosed aluminous laterite, ac­ Differences among rhyolites indicate at least five vol­ cording to S. A. Norton. The deposits are restricted to canic centers. Although the belt is in a geosyncline, at the upper part of the Chester Amphibolite Member of least the welded tuffs were deposited subaerially or in the Rowe Schist and occur discontinuously for a dis­ very shallow water. Paleontologic work by A. J. Boucot tance of 5 miles along strike. The original laterite ap­ shows that sandstones underlying the rhyolites are parently developed on the volcanic protolith of the characterized by shallower water faunas than are the Chester Amphibolite Member. Neither the Chester Mem­ more pelitic rocks (Seboomook Formation) on either ber nor the magnetic anomalies associated with the side of the belt. Thus, the volcanic centers lay along a emery extend outside the Chester quadrangle. It is be­ high-standing welt (the island arc) in Early Devonian lieved that appreciable reserves of emery or iron ore do time that subsequently became the locus of further not exist north or south of the present prospects and marine sedimentation, and finally the formation of syn- mines, but may be present at depth. clinoria during the Acadian orogeny. Sulfide mineralization, northeastern Connecticut Regional gravity study, Maine D. S. Harwood has discovered that the number of An analysis of regional gravity in Maine by M. F. joints increases westward in the Oneco quadrangle to­ Kane has led to the following conclusions: ward the Honey Hill thrust. A molybdenite occurrence (1) Regional gravity variations have their source, at on a joint surface and mercury and silver anomalies in least in part, in the upper part of the crust; (2) large quartz from a fault zone indicate that this area was local gravity anomalies are due to igneous plutons; (3) favorable for sulfide deposition, and may be a target of at depth, the lateral dimensions of some felsic intru­ economic significance. sions are very great compared to their outcrop area and vertical dimensions; and (4) in the southwest corner of PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY the State, a regional gravity anomaly correlates with high-grade regional metamorphism, indicating that the Richmond boulder train, southwestern Massachusetts metamorphism has had a marked effect on rock Restudy of the Richmond boulder train by G. W. densities. Holmes indicates that the boulders are confined to a STUDIES OF GRANITIC ROCKS relatively narrow band, typically 300 feet wide. Con­ centration of the largest boulders in a narrow band is Diorite and pegmatite in western Massachusetts difficult to explain other than by assuming that ice A hitherto undescribed body of diorite and horn- movement was remarkably linear, the source was ur ique blende-plagioclase pegmatite has been discovered by or nearly so, or the train represented a minor medial R. W. Schnabel in the West Granville quadrangle. The moraine. The train's path responds in detail to topog­ body, about 3 miles long, is intrusive into high-grade raphy, and the mean maximum boulder size decreases schists, granulites, and gneisses of Cambrian and Or- irregularly downglacier. Small amphibolite boulders dovician age. The effects of the intrusion on the country are found in streams crossing the main train am? are rock appear to be mainly chloritization of micas and widely scattered in the drift to the south and southeast; introduction of sulfides in a zone 20 feet thick. hence, earlier glaciations must have distributed the amphibolite more or less randomly downglacier from its Differentiation of granitic plutons, northwestern Maine source or sources. Mapping by D. S. Harwood in the eastern part of the Arnold Pond quadrangle has shown that the Spider Two tills recognized in Connecticut Lake and Sevens Ponds granitic plutons are one major Mapping of glacial geology in the Southbury-Water- body that ranges from granodiorite to quartz monzonite. bury area, west-central Connecticut, by Fred Pessl, Jr., A change in the color of biotite from dark green in and J. P. Schafer has identified the two tills previously the granodiorite to red brown in the quartz monzonite recognized elsewhere in southern New England. The is associated with an apparent slight increase in the lower till is moderately to very compact and jointed and amount of magnetite. The gradational change in texture is more than 100 feet thick in some drumlins. The upper and composition from granodiorite to quartz monzonite till is much less compact, not jointed, and contains less apparently reflects a continuous differentation trend. silt and clay and more stones than the lower till; in A18 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS very few places is it more than 10 feet thick. The two shown to be the time of greatest structural stability, and tills are somewhat different in fabric orientation, suit­ the Early Cretaceous and late Tertiary to Quaternary ability for fill, and stability on slopes. Five till fabrics were the times of greatest structural disturbance in the that were obtained by Pessl from a 32-foot thickness sourcelands. of the upper till near Torrington indicate a possible Stratigraphic relationships of the lower Tertiary shift in ice-flow direction from north-northwest to Brightseat and Aquia Formations of Maryland to the northeast during the late stages of deposition of this till. better known Hornerstown and Vincentcwn Forma­ History of glacial Lake Nashua, New Hampshire and tions of New Jersey have been determined by J. E. Hazel Massachusetts mainly on the basis of ostracode zonation. The Bright- seat Formation was previously assumed to be a time Detailed mapping by Carl Koteff in the Pepperell and equivalent of the Hornerstown, but Hazel's study shows Tyngsboro quadrangles, southern New Hampshire and that it is older and is equivalent to beds found only in adjacent Massachusetts, has shown that glacial Lake the subsurface in New Jersey. The Brightseat, there­ Nashua did not extend up the Nissitissit River valley as fore, is the oldest outcropping Paleocene formation in previously thought. Instead that valley was occupied by the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain. a separate lake, with an outlet about 20 feet higher than Lake Nashua. Deposits mapped in the main part of the STRATIGRAPHIC STUDIES OF MESOZOIC ROCKS Nashua River valley show a steplike lowering of glacial H. R. Bergquist reports that the Upper Cretaceous Lake Nashua, until it reached the level of glacial Lake beds (Blufftown, Ripley, and Providence Formations) Merrimack to the east. north of Eufala, Ala., have yielded planHonic Fora- Lateritic blanket on New England minifera which indicate an age range from Campanian through mid-Maestrichtian. That the Blufftown Forma­ According to C. A. Kaye, existence of a widespread tion may be no older than Campanian is indicated by lateritic blanket on New England in Tertiary time is the presence of Heterohelix pulchra (Brotzen), a species indicated by (1) pieces of bauxite in Pleistocene till on which has a restricted range from early Taylor (Cam­ Martha's Vineyard, (2) deep and complete alteration panian) through early Navarro (Maestricl +ian) in the of bedrock to kaolinite and siderite in the Boston area, western gulf coast. Heterohelix pulchra vras found as and (3) large pieces of ferruginous bauxite in weathered low as 10 feet above the transition zone between the serpentinite from Staten Island, N.Y. The data suggest Eutaw Formation and the overlying Bluftown. that weathering to depths of 500 feet or more below the Tertiary surface, including many scattered bauxite Studies by K. A. Dickinson suggest that degree of deposits, must have characterized southern New Eng­ crystallinity in clay minerals in Upper Jurassic rocks land before the ice age. of the Gulf Coastal Plain is related to roclr type and to environment of deposition. Chlorite, kaolinite, and illite COASTAL PLAINS in the sandstone are more crystalline than those in mud- stone or shale interbeds, and illite in evaporitic mud- STRATIGRAPHIC STUDIES OF TERTIARY ROCKS stone is more crystalline than that in nonmarine mud- In a regional study of the Miocene rocks of the At­ stone or marine shale. These differences in crystallinity lantic Coastal Plain by T. G. Gibson, foraminiferal may be due to derivation from different source areas. It zonation has been used to outline specific paleoenviron- seems likely that higher crystallinity of clay minerals ments in order to delineate migrating depositional in the sandstone is due to the large size of the clay basins. In a detailed paleoenvironmental analysis of one particles. The higher crystallinity in the evr.poritic mud- of these basins in North Carolina, the physiochemical stone may be related to abundance of cations in the brine. and geographic conditions which led to the precipitation of large volumes of phosphorite in the Pungo Rivei APPALACHIAN HIGHLANDS Formation were evaluated. Foraminiferal data indicate ADIRONDACK, VALLEY AND RIDGE, AND APPALACHIAN that the precipitation of phosphorite in the deeper parts PLATEAUS PROVINCES of the basin at depths of 100 to 200 m during mixing of water masses was coincident with structurally static Paleozoic paleoenvironment studies periods. A paleocurrent study of the Cambrian Potsdam J. P. Owens has examined the position of the carbon- Sandstone in northern New York by D. A. Seeland indi­ ate-facies-clastic-facies contact in the Atlantic Coastal cates that the sandstone in the northeasterr Adirondack Plain as a possible key to the history of tectonic activity Mountains was derived from the Canadian Shield, in the sourceland. The middle Tertiary (Oligocene) was whereas that in the northwestern Adirondacks had an GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A19

easterly or southeasterly source. Fossil deposits of Glacial geology, northeastern Adirondack Mountains placer gold derived from the Canadian Shield are there­ Broad areas of bare bedrock and abandoned glacial fore most likely to be found in the Potsdam in the north­ spillways are characteristic of the northeast end of the eastern Adirondacks. Adirondack upland near the Canadian border in north­ Recognition of key stratigraphic units in the Lower ern New York. According to C. S. Denny these features Ordovician part of the Knox Group in eastern Tennes­ record the easterly flow of water from glacial Lake see and parts of southwest Virginia has led to a better Iroquois in the St. Lawrence Valley around the north­ understanding of regional paleostructure and the east end of the Adirondacks into the Champlain Valley. paleophysiography developed on the Knox during the The largest area of bare rock, Flat Rock near Altone, Middle Ordovician erosion interval. Analysis of the N.Y., is 2 miles wide and 5 miles long. It was washed paleophysiography by L. D. Harris, Helmuth Wedow, clean by the easterly outflow of an arm of Lake Iroquois Jr., and R. A. Laurence has suggested that a paleo- that had been dammed by an ice lobe in the Champlain aquifer had developed in the upper part of the Knox. Valley. The edge of this lobe is marked by a momne Solution of carbonate by ground water in this aquifer that is traceable for about 15 miles. Other areas of tare system is thought to have produced stratigraphically rock were washed by outflow of small ice-dammed lakes. controlled collapse structures in which later mineraliz­ These lakes were fed by water that flowed from Lake ing solutions deposited commercial zinc ore. Iroquois by way of the glacial spillway near Covey Hill, Helmuth Wedow, Jr., reports that near Douglas Dam. Quebec, Canada. Later, for a very brief time, Lake Iro- Sevier County, Tenn., sphalerite containing as much as quois may have drained around the north end of the 2 percent Cd occurs in carbonaceous phosphatic upland, with the outlet stream having been held up on dolomite that constitutes breccia matrix and fill in solu­ this northward-facing slope by the ice sheet. Immedi­ tion cavities and' channels of the paleokarst terrain ately thereafter Lake Iroquois became confluent with developed on the Knox Dolomite. A few feet strati­ glacial Lake Vermont at the Fort Ann level. graphically above the phosphatic dolomite, highly fos- siliferous pyritic limestone of Middle Ordovician age Tectonic analysis of Pine Mountain and related faults is peppered with small phosphatic pellets and grains, Regional analysis of the anatomy of the Pine Moun­ and the basal 10 feet of the overlying Athens Shale con­ tain thrust plate in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia tains beds and lenses of lumpy or laminated black phos­ by L. D. Harris reveals the complexity of thin-skinned phorite locally as much as 1 foot thick. tectonics in the southern Appalachians. Thrust faults Detailed1 mapping in Greene County in southwestern develop along the plane of bedding in nearly flat lying Pennsylvania shows that the roof rock of the Sewickley deep-seated incompetent units, and then shear upward coal bed in the Monongahela Group is a tongue of sand­ diagonally across more competent beds either to the pur- stone and shale that thickens toward the south and face or to another incompetent unit. These diagonal east. An immediately overlying limestone unit thins shears develop both parallel (as ramps) and perpendic­ rapidly in the same directions. B. H. Kent suggests that ular (as transverse faults) to the strike of the thnst. differential compaction produced an initial dip and that Ramp and transverse faults play a dual role in the the location of minor low-angle thrust faults may have mechanics of thin-skinned deformation. If they cut to been controlled by the abrupt f acies change. The thrust the surface they serve to bound the thrust plate. If they faults have displacements of less than 5 feet and dip are confined to specific stratigraphic intervals they act southeast, toward the axis of the Fayette anticline. as connecting links between segments of the thrust at different stratigraphic positions. Apparently the Jacks- Talc deposit in the Adirondack Mountains, northeastern boro transverse fault at the southwest end of the F:ne New York Mountain plate, rather than limiting the Pine Mountain A new talc-tremolite-anthophyllite deposit was found thrust, is a connecting link between that fault and the by C. E. Brown in the Richville quadrangle, in the^ Chattanooga thrust fault. Thus, the Pine Mountain- northwest part of the Adirondacks. The southern end Chattanooga thrust forms a fault system extending of this deposit is poorly exposed over an outcrop as from southern Virginia to Georgia, a distance of 300 much as 100 feet wide and about 1 mile long. It plunges miles. gently northward beneath a sequence of gneiss, schist, and quartzite; then the plunge reverses, bringing the Tectonic framework of Anthracite region talc-bearing zone to the surface again 3 miles to the Northwestward-directed stresses of the late Paleozoic north. Because of the gentle plunges and low dips in Appalachian orogeny were largely responsible for the this area, the talc zone should be at a depth of no more development of the tectonic framework of the Anthra­ than 1,500 feet between the 2 outcrop areas. cite region of eastern Pennsylvania. Structural analysis A20 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS by G. H. Wood, Jr., and M. J. Bergin shows that tec­ relative topographic reversal and left its evidence in tonic development was controlled by five lithotectonic the gravity relations. Events that may be related to units of Silurian to Pennsylvania!! age. This control has the gravity slides include the emplacement of ultra- resulted in each lithotectonic unit developing a suite of mafic rocks and the extrusion of mafic volcanic rocks structural features which decreases in complexity just east of the area of detachment of the allochthonous northwestward. Rocks of the lower, middle, and upper sheets. lithotectonic units transmitted deforming stresses north­ A body of altered basaltic pillow lava, at Starks Knob, westward as struts whose relative competence ranged about 35 miles north of Albany, N.Y., is probably an from moderate to great. The rocks of the intervening allochthonous block in the wildflysch conglomerate that lithotectonic units functioned as ductile, intensively de­ occurs at or near the base of the Taconic allochthon. formed blankets. The more competent units character­ The knob has previously been interpreted as a volcanic istically folded into concentric, symmetric to asymmet­ neck. Petrographic studies by Zen indicate that the ric anticlines and synclines broken variably by low- to basalt had a submarine palagonitic origin. It was ini­ high-angle thrust faults, whereas the less competent tially spilitized and later partly replaced by calcite. units developed disharmonic folds, decollements, low- The rock is not indigenous to the area, but must have angle thrusts, and bedding faults and commonly sepa­ arrived there after metamorphism and metasomatism. rate discordant folds in the more competent units. Drilling of Reading prong Fracture traces in folded sedimentary rocks Diamond drilling near Riegelsville in eastern Penn­ In areas of horizontally bedded sedimentary rocks, sylvania has confirmed A. A. Drake, Jr.'s, interpreta­ the trend of joint and fracture traces commonly is very tion that the Precambrian rocks of the Reading prong similar. Significant departures of trends have been ob­ in the Delaware Valley are allochthonous and overlie served, however, in a few areas of folded rocks. A study inverted lower Paleozoic rocks, probably s,S'part of a by H. E. Johnston of strongly folded rocks in the Loys- giant nappe. Another hole drilled in the Birdsboro quad­ ville quadrangle in south-central Pennsylvania shows rangle near the southwest end of the prong cut only that a marked disparity exists between the major Precambrian rocks to a depth of 1,000 feet. This does fracture-trace trend and the two dominant joint trends. not prove, however, that such rocks are autochthonous Joints trend preferentially N. 20°-40° W. and N. 50°- there, because aeromagnetic data and regional relations 60° E. Fracture traces trend dominantly N 0°-10° E. A suggest that as much as 3,000 feet of Precambrian rocks less pronounced trend of fracture traces coincides with is preserved in a synform and that the lower Paleozoic that of the northwest joint set. Joints oriented parallel rocks of the Oley Valley are in thrust contact with the to the major fracture-trace set are sparse, indicating gneisses. that relative abundance of joints is not necessarily a BLUE RIDGE AND PIEDMONT controlling factor in the development of fracture traces. Selective development of fracture traces along widely Tectonic development spaced but well-developed vertical joints is a possible Studies of upper Precambrian sedimentary and vol­ explanation of the dominant northerly trend of these canic rocks in the Blue Ridge in northwestern North linear features. Carolina and southwestern Virginia by D. W. Rankin suggest that the late Precambrian shoreline lay to the TACONIC BELT AND READING PRONG northwest and that the sequence thickens rapidly south­ eastward. These relations, plus the distribution of Pale­ Origin of laconic allochthon ozoic metamorphic isogrades, indicate abcut 20 miles The Taconic allochthon in eastern New York is one of of northwestward transport of the Blue Pldge thrust several far-traveled composite-thrust slices of Cambrian sheet in northwestern North Carolina. They also indi­ and Lower Ordovician eugeosynclinal rocks that have cate that the thrust sheets of Lower Cairbrian rocks moved westward across miogeosynclinal rocks of similar in the Unaka belt northwest of the Blue Ridge could age in the northern and central Appalachians. These not have been derived from southeast of the Blue Ridge. masses are believed to be submarine gravity slides that took place in Middle Ordovician time. Studies by E-an Tectonics of Brevard zone Zen show that these slides probably occurred as a result G. H. Espenshade has found that northeast of Elkin of reversals of submarine topography. The slides now in Yadkin County, N.C., the faults of the Brevard zone occupy deep Bouguer gravity troughs while their source pass northeastward into a system of diverging faults areas lie on the axis of a sharp gravity ridge. Zen sug­ which he calls the Yadkin fault system. The nature gests that deep-seated transfer of material led to the and ages of these faults are not yet clear. Some have GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-HE SOURCE STUDIES A21

great linear extent and are marked by brecciated rock After emplacement these rocks were not strongly meta­ and silicified gouge. Some of these faults probably were morphosed or deformed in Precambrian time. The active as late as the Triassic, but others ceased activity Mount Rogers and Spruce Pine differ markedly. T7bl- in the Paleozoic. Movement along the faults apparently canic rocks of the former are near the base of a strati- had both horizontal and vertical components. graphic section that remained undeformed from late The relationship of the Blue Ridge thrust sheet and Precambrian to Middle Ordovician time. These rocks the Brevard zone in the Grandfather Mountain, N.C., are an example of nonorogenic rocks with peralkaline area, has been reexamined by J. C. Reed, Jr., Bruce affinities in which felsic units may have been derived by Bryant, and W. B. Myers. The lineation pattern partial melting of mafic rocks in the deep crust. The suggests that the Blue Ridge thrust sheet is rooted along Spruce Pine is an orogenic unit in which granitic mag­ the northwestern edge of the Brevard zone and that mas were probably generated by partial melting' of northwestward movement of the thrust sheet was con­ peraluminous sediments during the middle Paleozoic current with and directly related to left-lateral strike- metamorphism. slip movement along the Brevard. This is in accord with Linear discontinuity in magnetic pattern revealed the interpretation that the Brevard is a root zone, as Geologic mapping in the Quantico and Occoquan T1/^- recently suggested by Burchfiel and Livingston.15 minute quadrangles, eastern Virginia, by D. L. South- J. B. Hadley and A. E. Nelson have found that much wick and V. M. Seiders has revealed that a pronour?«d of the metamorphic rock southeast of the Brevard zone linear discontinuity in magnetic pattern (J. C. Reed, Jr., in southwestern North Carolina and northwestern South and others, r2l76) correlates with the contact betv^en Carolina is paragneiss representing a thick sequence boulder gneiss lithofacies of the Wissahickon Forma­ that is of clastic and volcaniclastic origin, felsic to mafic tion of late Precambrian age(?) on the northwest and in composition, and contains a number of thin units of low-grade metavolcanic rocks stratigraphically beneath quartz- and alumina-rich metasedimentary rocks. The the Quantico Slate of Ordovician age on the southeast. rocks are metamorphosed to sillimanite grade and are Further study is required to determine the nature of this injected by many small bodies of granitic rocks that ap­ contact, which is fundamental to understanding the pear to have resulted from local palingenesis. The closest stratigraphy and structure of the northeast Virginia regional analogs of the paragneisses seem to be (1) the piedmont. upper Precambrian volcanic and epiclastic gneisses of Lithologic and structural relations in Maryland piedrr<*nt the Spruce Pine area and (2) the lower Paleozoic vol­ canic and metasedimentary rocks of the Carolina slate Stratigraphic and structural relations in the Few belt. However, it is not known whether either of the lat­ Windsor quadrangle, northern Maryland, bear critic-'lly ter groups of rocks (1 and 2) truly correlates with the on the relations between the Glenarm Series of the metamorphdc rocks southeast of the Brevard zone. Maryland piedmont and the rocks of the folded Ap r>a- lachians. Lithologic similarity suggests that the meta­ Three formations recognized morphosed volcanic rocks of the New Windsor area are D. W. Rankin finds that igneous rocks in the Blue equivalent to the upper Precambrian Catoctin Forma­ Ridge of northwestern North Carolina and south­ tion of the Blue Ridge province. It is therefor© impor­ western Virginia can be divided into three formations tant to establish the stratigraphic relationship between on the basis of their geologic occurrence, petrography, the metavolcanic rocks and the rocks of the Glenp.rm and chemistry. These are the Cranberry Gneiss (middle Series. Preliminary structural studies by G. W. Fisher Precambrian), Mount Rogers Formation (late Precam­ suggest that large-scale, mappable recumbent folds are brian), and Spruce Pine Alaskite of Hunter and Mat­ present in these volcanic rocks, and prove that the direc­ tocks (1936) 16 (Paleozoic). Chemical differences be­ tion of tectonic transport was nearly vertical, and1 tween the formations can be related to A12O3 saturation, almost parallel to fold axes, rather than horizontal, as and this, in turn, can be related to orogenic environment suggested by previous workers. for at least two of the formations. The Hunting Hill peridotite body of probable Ordo­ The orogenic environment of the Cranberry is the vician age intrudes schist of the Wissahickon Forma­ least understood but emplacement was probably during tion near Rockville, Montgomery County, Md. Detailed an orogenic event related to the Grenville orogeny. study of the body by D. M. Larrabee (p. D195-D196) 17 shows that the peridotite was invaded by many dikes of 15 B. C. Burchfiel, and J. L. Livingston, 1967, Brevard zone compared gabbro. During serpentinization of the peridotite the to alpine root zones: Am. Jour. Science, v. 265, p. 241 256. 14 C. E. Hunter and P. W. Mattocks, 1936, Geology and kaolin deposits gabbro was metasomatised to rodingite, a rock composed of Spruce Pine and Linville Palls quadrangles, North Carolina: Tennes­ see Valley Authority, Div. Geology Bull. 4, p. 10-23. 17 See note opposite page Al for explanation of reference notatioi s. A22 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS principally of diopside, grossularite, zoisite, and hydro- feldspar appear in the upper part of the diabase. The grossularite. This is believed to be the first occurrence granophyre is characterized by red potasric feldspar of rodingite reported between Alabama and New which both mantles clouded plagioclase (An 35±5 ) and Jersey. forms micrographic intergrowths with quartz. The red Small gold deposits near Great Falls, Montgomery color in the feldspar is due to finely disseminated County, Md., occur in veins and shear zones cutting the hematite. Wissahickon Formation. J. C. Eeed, Jr., and J. C. Eeed, The intrusion is similar to sills in the Duluth, Minn., Sr., have found that mineralization was controlled by area described by Schwartz and Sandburg 18 and a series of anastomosing faults that trend a few degrees Ernst.19 The relative abundance of granophyre, more west of north, at a low angle to the regional structural than could be derived from fractional crystallization grain. The faults and the gold mineralization may be of a basaltic magma, is common to both ar^as, and the as young as Triassic. If so, similar deposits elsewhere explanations proposed by the above authors composite in the piedmont may be much younger than has gen­ intrusion, assimilation of felsitic material, or migration erally been supposed. (See also "Geology of Gold of the granophyre could apply as well to the intrusion Deposits in Eastern States" in section "Special and in the Matchwood quadrangle. Topical Mineral-Resource Programs.") PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHIC STUD^S

CENTRAL REGION AND GREAT PLAINS Lithofacies in Upper Ordovician rocks trend across PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS OF LAKE SUPERIOR REGION Cincinnati arch Studies by G. W. Weir and J. H. Peck along the east Keweenawan paleomagnetic pole positions flank and W. L. Peterson along the west flank of the Studies of directions of remanent magnetization in Cincinnati arch in Kentucky indicate that lithofacies in igneous rocks of Keweenawan age in the Lake Superior the Upper Ordovician rocks trend almost perpendic­ area by M. E. Beck, Jr., and K. G. Books show that ularly to the northward-striking axis of the arch. Strata those units with normal (N) polarity form a tight along the east flank south of Owingsville, rortheastern cluster of paleomagnetic pole positions, whereas units Kentucky, probably accumulated in shallower water with reverse (R) polarity have pole positions which than strata to the north. At least two significant trans­ tend to be scattered north and west of the N cluster. gressions of the sea occurred across the southern area In general, R units appear to be- older than N units; along the east side of the arch. no unequivocal example of the opposite age relation­ Atoka Formation thicker in grabens in Arkansas Valley ship is known. It is not known whether this contrast in dispersion between N and R poles represents a real Recent subsurface studies by B. R. Haley in the Van feature of the Keweenawan magnetic field, or whether Buren and Lavaca quadrangles in the Arkansas Valley it indicates simply that older R units accumulated of west-central Arkansas have demonstrated that the during a longer period of time than was required for Atoka Formation of Pennsylvanian age i? thicker in the accumulation of the N units. grabens than in nearby horsts. Thickness maps of the entire formation, the lower middle, and upper parts of Composite sill in Portage Lake Lava Series the Atoka, and individual rock units indicate that move­ Mapping by R. F. Johnson in the Matchwood quad­ ment along north- and south-dipping faults commenced rangle, Ontonagon County, in Michigan's Upper Penin­ shortly after the lowest part of the Atoka was deposited sula has disclosed the presence of a composite sill-like and continued during deposition of the rest of the intrusion within the Portage Lake Lava Series of middle Atoka. Wherever two or more reliable measurements Keweenawan age. The intrusion, which is about 600 feet of displacement along individual faults can be made, thick, is exposed for a strike length of 1.5 miles. The the greater displacement is at depth. lower 250 feet is dark-gray diabase which grades In the same quadrangles, natural gas is lithologically upward through a narrow blackish-red transition zone trapped in sandstones in the Atoka Formation by an in­ to red granodioritic granophyre. The base seems to be crease in the amount of clay and silt. The occurrence conformable with underlying basalt, but the top, which of gas does not seem to be related to structure, because is poorly exposed, may be discordant. Differentiation gas in any sandstone reservoir is produced from struc­ in the diabase is indicated by a decrease in grain size tural lows and highs and from in between, upward, together with a relative concentration of 18 G. M. Schwartz and A. E. Sandberg, 1940, Rock series in diabase olivine and ore minerals near the base. Grains showing sills at Duluth, Minnesota : Qeol. Soc. America Bull., v. 51, p. 1135-1171. 18 W. G. Ernst, 1960, Diabase-granophyre relations in the Endion sill, a micrographic intergrowth of quartz and potassic Duluth, Minnesota: Jour. Petrology, v. 1, p. 286-303. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A23

PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY thickness of lignite in beds 2 feet or more thick ranged from 2 to 32 feet and averaged 11 feet. Peccary family caught in Pleistocene duststorm Skeletons of four peccaries, probably members of a NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS single family, found in Pleistocene loess in a bluff fac­ ing the Mississippi River near Hickman, western STRATIGRAPHIC STUDIES OF MESOZOIC Kentucky, have been identified as Platygonus com- AND CENOZOIC ROCKS pressus by F. C. Whitmore, Jr. Southern and central Wyoming The skeletons were discovered by John Henson, a bull­ J. R. Gill has recognized that the Lewis Shale (Upper dozer operator, while opening a gravel pit. W. I. Finch Cretaceous) in southwestern Wyoming was deposited and J. D. Sims learned of the discovery and excavated in an embayment with only limited access over a sill into the bones. the open sea. The sill was formed by two coalescing o1elta The four skeletons a large adult male, a smaller systems, one extending southeastward from south-cen­ adult (probably female), and two young adults (prob­ tral Wyoming and the other extending northeastward ably yearlings) show that they were huddled together from northwestern Colorado. Several gas fields are with their snouts pointing eastward when they died. associated with sands deposited along the margin of the Their position and the fact that they were buried in loess southern delta. The fine-grained deposits of the silled indicate that they were overwhelmed and smothered basin have a higher organic content than do correlative in a duststorm. strata deposited in the open sea, and may thus be source Pre-Herman stage of glacial Lake Agassiz north of beds for the petroleum occurrences in barrier-bar and Mesabi iron range island sandstones of the lower part of the Lewis Shale Mapping of glacial deposits north of the Mesabi iron in the Rocky Springs area. range in northeastern Minnesota by T. C. Winter has M. W. Reynolds has shown that in the Lamont-Bp.roil revealed a previously unmapped glacial lake near Em­ area, arkosic sandstones heretofore included in the barrass, Minn. Evidence of the lake is largely topo­ Battle Spring Formation (Eocene) belong in the older graphic, but it has been confirmed in several places by Fort Union Formation. Identification of palynomorphs lake sediments exposed in ditches. The lake was prob­ in the sandstone by R. H. Tschudy confirms their Prleo- ably proglacial and formed during an early stage of cene age. These relations and the discovery of granite glacial Lake Algassiz. Its elevation, about 1,420 to cobbles in the lower part of the Fort Union adjacent to 1,440 feet above mean sea level, was a little higher than the Sweetwater arch indicate that major uplift and deep Herman Beach (1,405 feet), which was the earliest erosion of the arch occurred earlier than has previously and highest beach formed by Lake Agassiz nearby at been recognized. Tower, Minn. Northwestern Wyoming The lake was drained when a small moraine was During a continuing study of the stratigraphy and breached near Embarrass. The water flowed southward, structure of quartzite conglomerates in northwestern down what is now the Pike River valley, across a low Wyoming, J. D. Love has found that a large are<\ of divide into the Embarrass River valley, which is part conglomerate in the Teton Wilderness Area, previously of the St. Louis River and Lake Superior drainage believed to be Pinyon Conglomerate of Paleocene age, basin. Some water probably entered the Prairie River is instead the Harebell Formation of Late Cretaceous near Grand Rapids and thence flowed to the Missis­ age. This finding is based on analyses of 105 pollen sippi River. samples by E. B. Leopold and R. H. Tschudy. The Hare­ bell is nearly 10,000 feet thick in several places in nc rth- MINERAL-RESOURCES STUDIES ern Jackson Hole, and the Pinyon is 5,000 feet thick in the same area. Lignite drilled in Hettinger and Stark Counties, N. Dak. D. A. Lindsey is gathering quantitative data or the Beds of lignite as much as 14 feet thick have been paleocurrents, provenance, depositional environments, penetrated by test holes in the Fort Union Formation and petrography of the conglomerates. Current struc­ between Dickinson and south of Belfielcl in southwestern tures in the Pinyon Conglomerate and the Harebell North Dakota. Each of 28 holes drilled in the course of Formation include imbrication in the conglomerates, ground-water investigations penetrated one or more and cross-bedding, ripple mark, ripple cross-lamination, beds of lignite at least 2 feet thick within 200 feet of the and parting lineation in the sandstones. Reconstruction surface. According to Henry Trapp, Jr., the aggregate of the paleocurrent system based on these structures

318-835 O - 68 - A24 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS indicates a general easterly transport direction for both widespread epeirogenic emergence. The earlier, or formations. However, paleocurrent measurements in the Madison, transgression, which actually be^an in latest Pinyon south of the Buffalo River show a strong south­ Devonian time, pulsated eastward over a broad cratonic erly trend. Incomplete petrographic studies suggest that shelf. The sea shallowed from Osage to early Meramec the largest clasts are north of the Teton Range, and time and withdrew during the early or middle Meramec. that clasts in the Pinyon Conglomerate decrease in size The sea returned in later Meramec and Chester time toward the south in the area south of the Buffalo River. when the region differentiated into a miogeosynclinal Clast composition averages about 80 to 90 percent belt and a cratonic platform. quartzite, 5 to 10 percent volcanic rock, and lesser amounts of granite and sedimentary rocks, including INVESTIGATIONS IN MINERALIZED AREAS sandstone, limestone, shale, and chert. The regional per­ A Tertiary pluton and silver-lead-zinc mineralization in sistence of nonresistant rock types indicates that sig­ Little Belt Mountains, central Montana nificant tracts of sedimentary and volcanic rocks as well as quartzite existed in the source terrane. W. R. Keefer reports that a Tertiary porphyritic felsic intrusion underlies most of the northwest part STRATIGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PALEOZOIC ROCKS of the Neihart quadrangle and appears to be the source of solutions that formed silver-lead-zinc veins in Pre- Regional Devonian and Mississippian stratigraphy in cambrian crystalline rock of the now inactive Neihart northern Cordilleran region mining district. I. J. Witkind infers that this pluton A late Late Devonian (early Famennian) conodont extends in the subsurface into the southwestern part of fauna has been found by C. A. Sandberg and W. J. the adjoining Barker quadrangle. Evidence for this is Mapel in the Jefferson Formation in the southern Lost the presence of (1) small rhyolite porphyry dikes dated River Range of east-central Idaho. The fauna occurs by K-Ar methods as provisionally of Tertiary age, (2) in a 15- to 30-foot thick brachiopod-bearing silty nodu­ lead-zinc stringers, (3) prograde alteration, and (4) lar limestone 25 to 100 feet below the top of the forma­ sharp local uplift in the Precambrian crystalline tion. The Jefferson of east-central Idaho is therefore country rocks. Significant ore deposits may await dis­ thicker and includes younger beds than the type Jeffer­ covery in the buried parts of the intrusion and in the son of southwestern Montana, which is entirely early surrounding Precambrian rocks. Late Devonian (Frasnian). The oldest known faunas in Magnetic studies of altered and mineralized rocks in the overlying Three Forks Formation of both regions northern Boulder batholith are middle to late Famennian. These data strongly sug­ Magnetic properties of the Boulder batholith, the gest that, whereas Late Devonian deposition was vir­ older Elkhorn Mountains Voleanies, and the younger tually continuous in Idaho, a heretofore unrecognized Lowland Creek Volcanics in southwestern Montana have disconformity separates the Jefferson and Three Forks been studied by W. F. Hanna in a mireralized belt- Formations in Montana. A comparable disconformity marked by negative aeromagnetic anomalies. Individual has been reported by Belyea and McLaren 20 in the aeromagnetic lows within the belt occur over outcrops Rocky Mountains of Alberta. of the Boulder batholith and Lowland Creek Volcanics. C. A. Sandberg and R. C. Ghitschick report conclu­ All the units have a total magnetization nearly parallel sive microfaunal evidence for the Devonian age of the to the earth's field. The Lowland Creek Volcanics have lower half of the type Leatham Formation in the Wasatch Range, Utah. The Devonian-Mississippian reversed remanent magnetization, but the remanent boundary is believed to lie within the sparsely fossili- component is weaker than the induced component. As ferous upper part, of the formation. Their work altered rocks sampled from the areas of the aeromag­ strengthens current opinion that the succession of netic lows have a much weaker total magnetization than faunas and strata in the Leatham is nearly identical to equivalent unaltered rocks nearby, the negative anom­ that in the Sappington Member of the Three Forks alies appear to reflect rock alteration to considerable Formation of western Montana and comparable to that depth. in the Exshaw Formation of southern Alberta. Precambrian stratigraphy and alteration south of Coeur Regional biostratigraphic studies in the northern d'Alene region, Idaho Cordilleran region by W. J. Sando show that two Mis­ Reconnaissance mapping by A. B. Griggs in Kootenai sissippian marine transgressions were separated by a and Benewah Counties, northern Idaho, has shown that 20 H. R. Belyea and D. J. McLaren, 1964, Devonian correlations near many upper Belt Supergroup rocks in a down faulted Sunmapta Pass, Banff National Park, Alberta: Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 12, p. 779-807. block south of the large St. Joe fault are highly altered. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A25

They are strikingly similar to the "bleached" rocks wide­ Southern Rocky Mountain trench spread in the main part of the mineral-rich Coeur A large positive aeromagnetic anomaly found by d'Alene district, and probably resulted from similar M. D. Kleinkopf over thick Belt Supergroup strata at hydrothermal alteration. No significant mineral de­ the west edge of the Swan Range, northwestern Mon­ posits are known in the newly recognized altered area, tana, may have a source controlled by deep faulting in a but a sampling program is planned. postulated Rocky Mountain trench rift zone. A high- Griggs has also found several hundred feet of coarse­ amplitude positive anomaly superimposed on the larger grained quartzite in the Striped Peak Formation in this anomaly may be caused by near-surface igneous rocks area. These rocks are an order of magnitude coarser than and may be worthy of mineral-deposit investigation. A any others in the Belt terrane that extends hundreds of prominent north-trending steep aeromagnetic gradient miles to the east, and also far to the north and south, over the west side of the Mission Range correlates with clearly indicating a western source for the western Belt a fault zone which may be a subsidiary of the Rocky strata. Mountain trench; the steep gradient seems to have a shallow source and may be due to near-surface igmous STRUCTURAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS rocks emplaced along the fault zone. Montana disturbed belt Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic evolution of western A section of the Big Snowy Group (Upper Missis- Crazy Mountains Basin, central Montana sippian) more than 600 feet thick in southeastern Lewis Mapping by L. W. McGrew and B. A. Skipp indicate and Clark County, western Montana, has been mapped that large-scale faulting occurred in three stages: (1) by M. E. McCallum and G. D. Robinson, who have dem­ superficial folding and thin-skinned eastward sliding onstrated that the Big Snowy basin extended much into the Crazy Mountains Basin along faults near the farther west than had been thought previously. The Precambrian-Cambrian contact due to rise of the Big section is dominated by dark carbonate rocks and is Belt Mountains in late Paleocene time; (2) overturning strongly petroliferous. Exploration of the group farther and rupturing of the east limbs of earlier foldfe with for­ west must be by drilling, for the westernmost exposures mation of an imbricate thrust belt along the east ma rgin are overridden by Belt Supergroup rocks on the Lewis of the range, by continued uplift of the Big Belt Moun­ thrust. tains possibly in Eocene time; and (3) gravity faulting M. R. Mudge's paleotectonic studies in the Sun River at the eroded toes of the thrusts in late Tertiary or area, northwestern Montana, suggest stratigraphic con­ Quaternary time, which emplaced large slabs of Pre- trol of the configuration and style of "Laramide" struc­ cambrian rocks on eroded folds in Cretaceous rocVs. tures in the northern disturbed belt. The eastern edge Bay horse area, east-central Idaho of the disturbed belt is near the hinge zone between the craton to the east and the Cordilleran geosyncline, as New understanding of the structural framework in well as the eastern erosional edge of the Belt Super­ the Bayhorse region is emerging from detailed mapping group. Laramide structural trends are parallel to iso- of the complex Paleozoic stratigraphy by S. W. H obbs pach trends in many Paleozoic units. Other stratigraphic and W. H. Hays. At least three north-trending thrust variables that influence structure include f acies changes faults with probable large displacement have been recog­ and thickness of overburden at the time of faulting. nized, although two of them may be remnants of the In the Lincoln mining district of Lewis and Clark same folded fault. The thrusts are segmented by north- and Powell Counties, many of the stocks, such as the trending steep faults that are mainly older than the one associated with ore deposits of the Marysville mine, Challis Volcanics (of Eocene ?, Oligocene, and Miocene ? in western Montana, produce characteristic positive age) but may also be partly younger. These steep faults aeromagnetic anomalies. Several similar anomalies over are the main controlling structures of the lead-zinc- areas without igneous outcrops were investigated in silver mineralization in the region. the field by M. D. Kleinkopf, who found evidence of Teton Range-Jackson Hole region, western Wyoming alteration and mineralization just north of Stemple Mapping by J. D. Love provides new data on three Pass and near the headwaters of Warm Springs Creek. Kleinkopf also reports that the Scapegoat-Bennatyne major but poorly known north-trending fault systems: trend, a well-known northeast-striking regional tec­ (1) The Tripod fault, downthrown to the east in east­ tonic feature of the western high plains, has gravity and ern Jackson Hole, forms the west margin of a broad arch aeromagnetic expression southwestward across the dis­ connecting the Washakie and Wind River Ranges; this turbed belt, and appears to have controlled emplacement faulted arch rose at about the end of Paleocene time and of two large buried intrusions. was stripped of 12,000 feet of strata before deposition A26 KESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS of lower Eocene rocks. (2) The Pilgrim Creek fault, Mississippian age, and the Chugwater Formation of downthrown to the east, extends from Jackson Hole Triassic age, all previously unrecognized in northern into southern Yellowstone Park with 5,000 to 10,000 feet Yellowstone Park. of total displacement. Age of movement is probably The Laramide structures of the park reg; on were ex­ post-Oligocene, and rhyolitic welded tuff of Pleistocene tensively modified by later episodes of vo'canism and age is offset as much as several hundred feet. (3) The normal faulting. The continuation of one of these faults Teton fault, also downthrown to the east, has been ex­ into the Yellowstone Lake Basin has been traced by tended northward by newly discovered outcrops of Cre­ H. W. Smedes in a study of infrared imagery which in­ taceous fossiliferous rocks, and 3,000 feet or more of dicates several alined cold springs discharging onto the displacement has been demonstrated. floor of the lake along a linear topographic break with Geophysical studies by J. C. Behrendt are helping to up to 100 feet of relief. define the subsurface structure. Seismic-refraction pro­ files in Jackson Hole define an upper zone 3.5 km thick INVESTIGATIONS OF VOLCANIC RCCKS with a compressional-wave velocity of 2.5 km/sec prob­ ably composed of Cenozoic and upper Mesozoic rocks; a Yellowstone Rhyolite Plateau, Yellowstone middle zone up to 3.5 km thick with a velocity of 3.9 National Park km/sec that is probably lower Mesozoic rocks, and a R. L. Christiansen and H. R. Blank, Jr., report that lower zone with a 6.1 km/sec velocity that is probably the Yellowstone Tuff (upper Cenozoic) consists of three Paleozoic carbonate and Precambrian basement rocks. extensive ash-flow sheets associated with caldera forma­ The Teton fault is well outlined by gravity and aero- tion and separated by erosional unconformities, basaltic magnetic gradients and by seismic profiles. It has up to and rhyolitic lava flows, and episodes of faulting. Pre­ 7 km of relief, an apparently low dip near Jenny Lake, liminary K-Ar ages determined by J. D. Obradovich on and a northeastward divergence from the Teton Range sanidine from the rhyolitic rocks indicate that the Rhy­ near Jackson Lake with a change into a nearly vertical olite Plateau was formed between about 1.5 m.y. and fault near Arizona Creek. A 50-mgal negative gravity less than about 80,000 years ago. anomaly is associated with the low-density 2.5 km/sec Tentative remanent polarity measurements made in sedimentary rocks of Jackson Hole adjacent to the Te­ the field by Blank and Christiansen suggest that there ton Range. The Gros Ventre structural trends can be are three stratigraphic intervals in which nearly hori­ shown gravimetrically and aeromagnetically to intersect zontal geomagnetic-field directions are recorded. Two the later Teton trend. of these occur at the base and top of the middle ash-flow sheet, and the third occurs in the lowest ash-flow sheet Yellowstone National Park region of the Yellowstone Tuff. These data, togetHr with pre­ Mapping in and near south-central Yellowstone Park liminary K-Ar ages of 1.0 m.y. on sanidine from two by W. R. Keefer and J. D. Love has outlined major interlayered rhyolite flows, suggest that eruption of the structural features in the prevolcanic sedimentary rocks. middle sheet, which is composite, exactly t racketed the The regional structural pattern was established during Jaramillo normal polarity event. the latest. Cretaceous and early Tertiary deformation. Features originating during that time include: (1) a Absaroka volcanic field, northwestern Wyoming broad uplift toward the west, which was en echelon to W. H. Nelson has mapped several irregular stocks in the contemporaneous Teton-Gros Ventre arch; (2) a the Beartooth Butte quadrangle, which, along with central downwarp in which several thosuand feet of up­ previously known intrusives, lie in a northwest-trending permost Cretaceous and lowermost Tertiary sediments line parallel to such regional structures as the faults accumulated during deformation; and (3) a westward- that bound the north and south sides of tl^ Beartooth moving thrust block that overrode the east flank of the uplift, the Nye-Boulder lineament, and other faults to depositional basin. These structures are continuations the northwest. Volcanic rocks in the are&, around the of the structural elements of the Jackson Hole region newly mapped stocks are near-vent flows and flow brec­ to the south, and their large size suggests that they con­ cias, suggesting that the stocks occur in the volcanic tinued far northward into the area now underlain by centers. the Yellowstone Rhyolite Plateau. H. J. Prostka has shown that the Cathedral Cliffs Similar structures and a similar stratigraphic section Formation of Eocene age and its equivalents are far have been mapped by E. T. Ruppel in the northern part more extensive in northern Yellowstone Park than was of Yellowstone Park. His mapping has demonstrated previously recognized. The epiclastic volcanic debris the presence of the Bighorn Dolomite of Ordovician age, that forms the bulk of the unit was derived from at least the Three Forks Formation of Devonian and earliest four widely separated vent areas and thus exhibits GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A27

marked facies changes. The unity of the formation is Northeastern Washington established by through-going marker units welded- Reconnaissance mapping by R. C. Pearson in tuff sheets and mafic lava flows. east Washington has shown that widely separated lower A north-trending horst in the Electric Peak area of Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary strata older than northwestern Yellowstone Park has been shown by the basalt of the Columbia River Group are lithologi- H. W. Smedes to separate 2 dissimilar sequences of cally equivalent to the Tertiary section in the Republic Eocene volcanics, each 2,000 feet or more thick, which area (Siegfried Muessig, r0116). K-Ar age determina­ rest on Cretaceous or Paleocene strata. Facies changes tions by J. D. Obradovich and others confirm the and directions of thinning indicate that most of the lithologic correlations, showing that all these rocks material in both sequences was derived from vents in accumulated between 54 and 46 m.y. ago. the horst area but that basalt in the upper part of the western sequence came from north of the park. The GLACIAL GEOLOGY eastern sequence is a near-vent facies of the Cathedral Cliffs Formation. Yellowstone-Absaroka region Studies in east-central Yellowstone Park by G. M. W. L. Rohrer and J. D. Obradovich report K-Ar Richmond and H. A. Waldrop document the history of ages of 46 m.y. (late middle Eocene) determined on stagnation of two successive late Pleistocene icecaps in hornblende separated from andesite of the basal Wig- the Yellowstone Lake basin. The distribution and gins Formation of Pinnacle Buttes in the Togwotee Pass altitude of lake deposits of Bull Lake age in Pelican Val­ area. This accords with an earlier paleobotanical ley, Hayden Valley, and the Yellowstone River vdley assignment of middle Eocene for the underlying Tepee as low as the head of the Grand Canyon suggest gradual Trail Formation. Previously the Wiggins was regarded lowering of an ice-marginal lake to an eventual open tentatively as Ogilocene and the Tepee Trail as late lake retained by ice dams in the canyon and in the area Eocene, based on ambiguous fossil evidence. Strati- of modern Yellowstone Lake. In Pinedale time similar graphic interpretation in the Pinnacle Buttes area and evidence demonstrates gradual emergence of upland elsewhere in the southern Absaroka Mountains now areas from beneath cap ice, initial radial outwash drain­ suggests that the Tepee Trail is a fine-grained facies of age from ice in the Yellowstone Lake basin, and a suc­ the coarse fluvial volcaniclastic Wiggins. Oligocene fos­ cession of ice-contact stream and lake deposits between sils from the Wiggins have been reported by J. D. Love 670 feet and 60 feet above the present lake. At that from the Mink Creek area near Yellowstone National stage the lake became essentially open water and the Park and appear to represent a higher stratigraphic Grand Canyon was freed of ice to drain the region as level than the Wiggins at Pinnacle Buttes. at present. Challis Volcanics in Thunder Mountain caldera, central Evidence of pre-Bull Lake Glaciation has been found Idaho on top of Amethyst Mountain and on peaks of the Wash- New evidence from B. F. Leonard's studies of the burn Range, where K. L. Pierce discovered well-pre­ Thunder Mountain caldera, 18 miles east of Yellow served glacial polish and striations as much as 1,600 Pine, Idaho, supports the previous conclusion that the feet above the upper limit of Pinedale ice and probably Challis Volcanics (Tertiary) have a considerable range above the upper limit of Bull Lake ice. Ice flowed north­ in age. The youngest rocks in this westernmost part of ward across the Washburn Range from a center either the Challis are exposed in and near the central depres­ in the Yellowstone Lake area, as did the later icecaps, sion, where a thin sequence of volcanic sandstone and or from a highland that existed in the eastern part of the rhyolite plateau 1^ to 1 m.y. ago, before caldera conglomerate above the dominant rhyolitic tuff and collapse. welded tuff is unconformably overlain by alkalic, .W. L. Rohrer and J. D. Obradovich report a 0.48:+: andesite flows. Plant fossils collected from the sand­ 0.06 m.y. whole-rock K-Ar age for a sample of bfsalt stone are of Eocene age, probably late Eocene accord­ of Lava Mountain from south of Togwotee Pass. Ba­ ing to J. A. Wolfe. The K-Ar age of the andesite, deter­ saltic erratics from Lava Mountain occur in glrcial mined by R. F. Marvin, is 28.4 ± 1.4 m.y. latest Oli­ deposits tentatively correlated with the Washakie Point gocene or earliest Miocene. This considerable local age Glaciation. This correlation and the radiometric date range is consistent with the Eocene(?) to Miocene(?) place a maximum age near y2 m.y. on the earnest age generally accepted for the Challis regionally. glaciation recognized in northwest Wyoming. A28 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS PALEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY

PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS OF COLORADO Stratigraphy of redbeds Geologic mapping by V. L. Freeman in the Woody Relief on Precambrian surface Creek quadrangle, Pitkin and Eagle Counties, western Depth to the Precambrian basement in the North Colorado, has demonstrated that the redb'xls beneath Park-Middle Park basin of northern Colorado has been the Chinle Formation (Triassic) may be subdivided determined on the basis of seismic-refraction, gravity, into three units. The oldest redbeds exposed are inter- and well data in a study by J. C. Behrendt. The greatest bedded pebbly sandstone and siltstone characterized by depth is about 2.7 km below sea level, south of the west- poor sorting and by angular coarse quartz a nd feldspar northwest-trending Spring Creek fault just north of grains; these beds are considered typical of the Maroon the North Park syncline. Dip on the Spring Creek fault Formation (upper Paleozoic) in its type area. The dis­ is nearly vertical, and displacement is 2 km with the tinctive middle unit is unconf ormable on the older one north side up. A positive structure with an elevation of and consists of siltstone and sandstone that is better 2 km above sea level separates the North and Middle sorted and contains rounder coarse quartz grains than Park parts of the basin in the Buffalo-Green Ridge the lower unit. This middle unit thickens from about area. The basement in Middle Park has a minimum 900 feet to more than 3,000 feet from west to east across elevation of about 0.6 km above sea level and is at a the Woody Creek quadrangle. A distinctive sequence much shallower depth than in North Park. Maximum of well-sorted fine-grained sandstone form? part of the relief relative to Precambrian rocks cropping out in ad­ middle unit and is traceable for at least 25 miles along a jacent ranges is about 6.7 km. northwest trend in the region. The upper i^nit of these Geochronology redbeds is composed of poorly sorted pebbly sandstone Quartz monzonite plutons in Park Range, Routt, and containing angular quartz and feldspar grams; rounded Jackson Counties of northwest Colorado were intruded quartz grains derived from the underlying well-sorted in two distinct time periods, about 1.4 and 1.7 b.y. ago, sandstone occur at the base. as shown by geochronologic studies of C. E. Hedge. Work by R. B. O'Sullivan in the Nav&jo Reserva­ George Snyder reports that the older (1.7 b.y.) quartz tion of northeast Arizona and southeast Utah has monzonite bodies are prekinematic and are strongly clarified the stratigraphic relations of the informally foliated and contorted, whereas the younger (1.4 b.y.) designated division A of the Chinle Formation (Upper bodies are postkinematic or synkinematic and are Triassic). It is a reddish-orange very fine grained sand­ weakly foliated and undeformed. stone and siltstone unit that in parts of northeastern A whole-rock Rb-Sr age determination by C. E. Hedge Arizona has been named the Rock Point Member of the (r0143) on gneiss at the bottom of the Rocky Mountain Wingate Sandstone or the Church Rock Member of the Arsenal well about 10 miles northeast of Denver, Colo., Chinle Formation. In much of southeast Utah another also gives a probable age of about 1.7 b.y. similar to that unit of reddish-orange very fine grained sandstone and of the metamorphosed rocks exposed in the Front siltstone has been called the Church Rock Member of the Range. Mineral ages of 1.38 b.y. and 1.40 b.y. on biotite Chinle Formation, but according to O'Sullivan this unit from the gneiss probably reflect the age of widespread lies below the Hite Bed of Stewart and others (1959) 21 thermal effects associated with the emplacement of the which is recognized as being equivalent to division Silver Plume Granite. A. Thus, the reddish-orange unit in southeast Utah is W. R, Hansen and 2. E. Peterman (p. C80-C90) re­ lower stratigraphically than the Church Rock of port that whole-rock Rb-Sr analyses of basement rocks Arizona. exposed along the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Basal "Wasatch" probably Cretaceous Colo., yield the following ages: Black Canyon Schist, As a result of his studies near the Table Cliff Plateau 1,700 m.y.; Pitts Meadow Granodiorite, 1,730 m.y.; in Garfield County, southern Utah, W. E. Bowers be­ Vernal Mesa Quartz Monzonite, 1,480 m.y.; Curecanti lieves that a conglomerate unit that has been considered Quartz Monzonite, 1,420 m.y.; pegmatite (microcline the basal unit of the Wasatch Formation should no separate), 1,360 m.y.; and diabase, 510 m.y. The Pitts longer be considered part of the Wasatch. The unit Meadow is correlated temporally with Boulder Creek ranges from 25 to more than 400 feet in tlsickness and Granite of the Front Range, and the Curecanti with the Silver Plume Granite. The Late Cambrian or Early 21 J. H. Stewart and others, 1959, Stratigraphy of Triassic and asso­ Ordovician age of the diabase is the first such age to be ciated formations in part of the Colorado Plateau regior, with a section on Sedimentary petrology, by R. A. Cadigan: U.S. Qeol. 'Surrey Bull. reported from diabase in Colorado. 1046-Q, p. 487-576. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A29 consists of gray to red conglomerate and conglomeratic by intrusion, doming, and sulfide mineralization cen­ sandstone. It appears to rest conformably to uncon- tered at Hahns Peak. Erosion first stripped the pyro­ formably on the Kaiparowits Formation of Late clastic sediments and then the Browns Park Formation Cretaceous age. On the east side of the Table Cliff from all parts of the Hahns Peak dome, except at lower Plateau, the unit and about 200 feet of overlying red levels of the basin. and gray mudstone are overlain with apparent con­ Rio Grande depression extended formity by limy mudstone and limestone of the Wasatch Recent work by R. E. Van Alstine (p. C157-C160) Formation. On the northwest side of the plateau the in Chaffee and Saguache Counties of south-central conglomerate and overlying mudstone were deformed Colorado has shown that the Arkansas and San Luis and eroded prior to deposition of the Wasatch limy beds. Valleys are connected by a 3- to 4-mile-wide structural In a sample from a carbonaceous mudstone interbed in trough containing volcanic rocks and sediments of late the conglomerate unit, R. H. Tschudy found character­ Tertiary age, rather than being separated by a barrier istic Late Cretaceous pollen and spores that suggest a of Precambrian rocks as previously believed. The ex­ late Campanian age for this apparently pre-Wasatch istence of this connection indicates that the Rio Grande unit. depression extends northward continuously into central STUDIES INVOLVING CENOZOIC DEPOSITS Colorado by way of the upper Arkansas Valley. Pleistocene geology Volcanic breccia recognized A reconnaissance geomorphologic study of the Tet A sequence of epiclastic volcanic breccia and sand­ Mountain Valley, south-central Colorado, by G. R. S".ott stone on Porphyry Mountain, 1 mile west of the summit shows that a basin fill of pre-Wisconsinan gravelly of Hahns Peak in northwest Colorado, has been recog­ alluvium more than 100 feet thick overlies a bedrock nized by Kenneth Segerstrom and E. J. Young. This floor chiefly composed of granite and metasedimentary breccia contains abundant large clasts of altered rhyolite rocks of Precambrian age and volcanic flow rock? of porphyry and less abundant smaller clasts of shale and middle Tertiary age. Pedimentlike surfaces of at l°iast is intercalated with finer grained beds of the same mate­ five ages have been cut on the fill. Piedmont moraine^ of rial; graded bedding is common in the sequence, yet a pre-Bull Lake Glaciation in which all the stones are large clasts occur in places as sag blocks in the fine­ deeply weathered extend eastward from the Sangr^ de grained beds. The porphyry of the clasts is identical to Cristo Mountains onto the pre-Wisconsinan fill. High massive altered porhpyry that crops out on Hahns ridgelike moraines of the early and late stades of Rnll Peak, except that it contains no pyrite. The sequence is Lake Glaciation extend beyond these low-dissected several hundred feet thick, and it overlies, with probable moraines, and encircle the oldest moraine (early stac1^ ?) conformity, sandstone and conglomerate which are com­ of Pinedale Glaciation. Younger Pinedale and Holocene pletely devoid of porphyritic material. The preporphyry nonpiedmont moraines lie in the higher parts of the beds have been defined as the Browns Park Formation valleys within the mountains. Nearly every valley that of late Tertiary age. Both the beds derived from por­ heads in the center of the range has been glaciated. C:ily phyritic material and those of the Browns Park Forma­ two outwash terraces have been recognized that extend tion dip 35° to 40° away from Hahns Peak. The out­ away from the moraines and that can be traced to and crop distribution of older rocks on either side, chiefly along the Arkansas River. The older, about 70 feet above the Mancos Shale, indicates that the Browns Park modern streams, is Bull Lake in age; the younger, about Formation and the younger clastic beds are in a struc­ 25 feet above modern streams, is Pinedale in age. tural and topographic basin centered about 1 mile west J. A. Sharps reports that in the Lamar 1:250,000 of the present Hahns Peak. This newly recognized evi­ dence indicates that airborne clasts from a volcanic quadrangle of southeastern Colorado, the Arkansas eruption at the approximate site of Hafyns Peak were River has migrated laterally probably because of an dropped in the basin (locally in standing water) and on unequal supply of sediment from tributary streams. The other nearby areas on top of the Browns Park Forma­ 70-mile reach of the river west of the Colorado-Kansas tion and older rocks. More or less concurrently, rain­ State line has moved 4 to 6 miles southward since late water flushed pyroclastic material that was deposited on Nebraskan time. Farther upstream, between Fowler adjacent slopes, plus some of the underlying shale, into and La Junta, Colo., a 25-mile reach of the river moved the basin. The rhyolitic eruption was halted by plug­ 6 to 7 miles northward between early Nebraskan and ging of the vent or vents, and extrusion was succeeded early Wisconsinan time. A30 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

MINERALIZATION AND STRUCTURE Tertiary; and (3) intrusion of soda granite and forma­ tion of the Treasure Mountain dome, accompanied by Sulfide deposits associated with Whiterock pluton some vein formation and intrusion and extrusion of Near Aspen in Pitkin County, west-central Colorado, mafic rocks in the late Tertiary. disseminated sulfide deposits occur in the Whiterock pluton and in hornfelsed wallrock, according to Bruce COAL IN SAN JUAN BASIN Bryant (r2253). The deposits consist mostly of pyrite, but locally, especially in zones of highly altered rock in The Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in the the Cataract Creek area, they contain molybdenite and San Juan Basin of northwest New Mexico and south­ chalcopyrite. Semiquantitative spectrographic analyses west Colorado contains more than 200 billion tons of show that the rock in those altered zones lost Fe, Mg, subbituminous coal as estimated by J. E. Fassett and Ca, and K, and gained Na during alteration. These zones J. S. Hinds. Several billion tons of this cosl is covered trend east, parallel to a regional fracture system con­ by less than 100 feet of overburden and can be strip- taining dikes of porphyritic granodiorite that cut mined, but in the deepest part of the basin the Fruitland Whiterock granodiorite and country rock. coal beds are at depths of as much as 4,500 feet. In gen­ eral, the coal beds are lens shaped and are continuous for Age of mineralization in Colorado mineral belt only a few miles. They are elongate northwest-southeast Studies of Tertiary intrusive porphyries in the Front parallel to the paleoshorelines of the marine Pictured Range have given R. B. Taylor and R. U. King (r!342) Cliffs Sandstone, which underlies the Fruitland Forma­ further insight into the importance of Oligocene ig­ tion. Individual coal beds are as much as 45 feet thick neous and ore-forming events within the belt of igneous and have an aggregate thickness of more than TO feet rocks and ore deposits once regarded as entirely of in some places. Two zones of thick coal ertend north­ "Laramide" age. Rhyolitic intrusives south of George­ westward across the basin. The heat value cf the Fruit- town, about 40 miles west of Denver, are now correlated land coal beds, based on analyses of rotary-drill-cutting on geologic criteria with the 27-m.y.-old stock at Red samples and outcrop and mine samples, ranges from Mountain near Berthoud Pass. Six miles south of 8,000 Btu to more than 13,000 Btu on an as-received Georgetown, a plug of rhyolite and rhyolite breccia basis. In general, Btu values are highest in the north­ on Cabin Creek is interpreted as being the core of a western part and lowest in the southern part of the rhyolitic dome exposed near the level of venting. A mile San Juan Basin. Heat values on a moisture- and ash-free northwest, on Leavenworth Creek, a composite stock basis show a well-defined zonation that has a northwest composed of several varieties of rhyolite porphyry cut orientation. by numerous breccia masses and pebble dikes marks the site of a second vent. Most of the rocks of this stock BASIN AND RANGE REGION are extensively altered to a mineral assemblage con­ taining hydrothermal muscovite, kaolinite, and quartz, NEVADA with local alunite, and many contain geochemically Mineral belts anomalous amounts of Mo, Cu, and Pb. Numerous Northwest-trending mineral belts in Nevada, de­ smaller masses and abundant dikes in a zone extending scribed previously by R. J. Roberts, are believed by from the Leavenworth Creek stock into the Georgetown D. R. Shawe to coincide with deep-seated zones of mining district attest to extensive activity in the middle strike-slip faulting. Such zones (together with related Tertiary in this part of the Colorado mineral belt. northeast-striking faults or gash fractures) may have K-Ar ages of micas collected by F. E. Mutschler and served to localize both mining districts ani individual Bruce Bryant and analyzed by J. D. Obradovich from ore bodies. This hypothesis suggests that the extensive the Elk Mountains and vicinity in Pitkin and northern covered areas between known mining districts within Gunnison Counties, Colo., and mapping by Bryant, D. these belts may have a high potential for the discovery L. Gaskill, L. H. Godwin, and Mutschler indicate that of concealed ore bodies. at least three general periods of igneous and structural Roberts Mountains thrust events occurred in that region: (1) intrusion of por­ phyries and faulting and mineralization in the Aspen The trace of the Roberts Mountains thrust, well mining district at the margin of the Sawatch uplift in known for possible association with gold deposits at the Late Cretaceous; (2) intrusion of a sequence of Carlin and Cortez, Nev., has been mapped by J. H. granodiorite plutons, sills, stocks, dikes, and laccoliths, Stewart and E. H. McKee (rl!03) over an area of accompanied by some high-angle faulting, vein forma­ some 2,500 sq mi in southern Lander County. Siliceous tion, and disseminated sulfide deposition in the middle (western assemblage) rocks in the upper plate are thrust GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A31

eastward many miles over carbonate (eastern assem­ northeast. Local troughs, formed during earliest Middle blage) rocks of the lower plate. Windows through the Jurassic time, were the site of the last marine deposits thrust exposing the Koberts Mountains Formation in the area; many of these are nearly pure quartz sand­ (Silurian) are recognized in the Ravenswood area of stones resembling, and possibly correlative with, the the Shoshone Range, the Callaghan area about 15 miles Nugget and Navajo Sandstone of Utah and Colorado. north of Austin, in the Toiyabe Range 4 to 10 miles Ruby Mountains south of Austin, and near Petes Canyon in the Toquima Additional studies have shed new light on the geology Range about 20 miles south of Austin. Granitic rocks of the Ruby Mountains, long recognized as an are^ of are associated with two of these windows, enhancing structural and stratigraphic anomalies in eastern their economic interest. Nevada. A similar thrust window, known to be associated with Large recumbent nappes in regionally metamor­ low-grade gold and silver deposits, was recognized by phosed rocks form the core of the range near Lamoille K. B. Ketner .and J. G. Evans in the southern Inde­ Canyon, according to the work by K. A. Howard. They pendence Range, Nev. consist of interbedded quartzite and schist, locally con­ Thrusting in Eureka district taining sillimanite, and thick bodies of strongly recrys- Folded thrust faults that have brought together dis­ tallized calc-silicate marble. These metasediments are similar facies of Paleozoic rocks have been recognized extensively invaded by irregular granitic and pegrma- during continuing studies by T. B. Nolan and others titic masses ranging from a few feet to several hundred in the Eureka district, central Nevada. In contrast to feet in length. The amount of granitic material incre ases the pre-Mississippian age of the nearby Roberts Moun­ rapidly downward and in the deepest exposures reaches tains thrust, these faults involve rocks as young as Per­ nearly 100 percent. This sequence of highly metamor­ mian. The thrusts are folded on north-south axes into phosed rocks is overridden on a gently dipping decol- a series of north-trending anticlines and synclines whose lement thrust surface locally preserved along the vest- limbs have been the site of later faulting which accen­ em face of the range and in Secret Pass by mostly tuated the relative uplift of the anticlinal blocks, appar­ unmetamorphosed rocks ranging from Cambrian to ently beginning in Cretaceous time. Pennsylvanian in age. All known mineralization and several intrusive bodies The identity and age of the metamorphic rocks in in the district are localized in the uplifted blocks, sug­ the core of the range continue to be a problem. Hovard gesting that possible sites for exploration may exist believes them to be Paleozoic because the large volumes along strike where these structures are buried by Ter­ of carbonate rock observed are unknown in the Precam- tiary rocks or are downfaulted by later Basin and brian. On the other hand, T. W. Stern has obtained an Range faults. age of greater than 1 b.y. on zircon from a gneissic rock from the south edge of Howard's area. This sug­ Mesozoic thrusting in western and central Nevada gests that the Ruby Mountains either (1) expose Pre- A possible extension of the Gillis thrust of Mineral cambrian carbonate terranes seen nowhere else, or (2) County has been recognized by J. I. Ziony and F. J. that the dated units are separated from the massive Kleinhampl in northern Nye County, south-central carbonate by structural discontinuities not yet Nevada. The upper plate, formed of altered volcanics, recognized. quartzite, and minor limestone assigned to the Excelsior Purely structural evidence suggesting the existence Formation, has been thrust eastward over carbonate of Precambrian rocks was obtained farther south in and subordinate clastic rocks of the Liming Formation. the Ruby Mountains by Ronald "Willden and R. W. Deposits of silver, lead, tungsten, and magnesite or Kistler (r0374), who report that nearly isoclinal folds, brucite occur in the lower plate, and other deposits may believed to be the same set seen by Howard to the be concealed beneath its extension. north, have been refolded along with Cambrian and New insight into Mesozoic deformational history has Ordovician rocks. resulted from studies by R. C. Speed in the Lovelock- More explicit evidence of the complex metamorphic Hawthorne area of western Nevada. Deformation began and structural history of the Ruby Mountains has been with broad warping in the Late Triassic and culminated obtained by Kistler, who reports Rb-Sr isochrons b*>sed in northerly to northeasterly directed folds and thrusts on more than 30 whole-rock and 20 individual-mil era! near the end of the Early Jurassic. As a result, volcani- determinations from granitic, pegmatitic, gneissic, and clastic (eugeosynclinal) rocks in structural blocks in schistose rocks. These results indicate metamorphic and the southwestern parts of the area have overridden fine igneous events in the Precambrian (1.3-1.1 b.y.), Om- clastic or carbonate (miogeosynclinal) rocks to the brian (546±34 m.y.), Late Jurassic (160±22 m.y.), A32 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS and Late Cretaceous (78±10 m.y.). A body of peg- Volcanic stratigraphy matitic muscovite-biotite granite, at least 40 sq mi in The northern and northwestern edges of the wide­ extent just north of the Harrison Pass pluton, is iden­ spread welded ash-flow sheets that characterize much of tified with the Jurassic event; a much smaller body of east-central Nevada have 'been recognized by E. H. pegmatitic granite on the east front of the range has McKee and M. C. Blake, Jr., in western VTiite Pine, been recognized as Late Cretaceous. In addition, K-Ar southern Eureka, and southern Lander Counties. The data show that virtually the entire range carries an ignimbrite. of Windous Butte (about 30 m.y. old) was "overprint" of a widespread thermal event that oc­ originally defined in eastern Nye County, brt its lateral curred 21 m.y. ago. equivalents are recognizable over wide areas. Tuffs Age of vanadium-bearing shales recently mapped in the Eureka district and in southeast­ ern Lander County are correlated in the rocks of Wind­ Carbonaceous shales in the Cockalorum Wash quad­ ous Butte by lithologic and Stratigraphic pcsition. This rangle, central Nevada, that have been extensively correlation was confirmed by K-Ar dates of 33.1 ±1 drilled and sampled for vanadium were once thought and 32.6±1.3 m.y. on the rocks at Eurekr,, and by a to be in the Vinini Formation of Ordovician age and K-Ar date of 31.3±1.3 m.y. on the rocks for the To- therefore part of the western (siliceous) assemblage quima Range in Lander County. Rocks presumably that commonly forms the upper part of the Roberts equivalent to the Shingle Pass Tuff of eastern Nye Mountains thrust. Recent work by C. W. Merriam in­ County are called Bates Mountain Tuff in Lander, dicates that these rocks, though strongly deformed by Eureka, and White Pine Counties. The Bates Moun­ both folds and thrusts, appear to be part of a section tain Tuff in Lander County has yielded 4 K-Ar dates, that includes petroliferous shales and bioclastic lime­ the youngest of which is 23.7±1 m.y. and the oldest of stones containing Mississippian endothyrid Foraminif- which is 24.8 ±1 m.y. era. On this basis, they appear to be in part correlative These welded tuff units, derived from th<\ south, are with the Pilot Shale and Joana Limestone and there­ seen to interfinger with dacitic to latitic lava flows and fore to be part of the eastern (carbonate) assemblage with nonwelded air-fall tuffs of relatively local origin that is autochthonous with respect to the Roberts Moun­ along a very irregular line that extends approximately tains thrust. west-northwest through Ely and Eureka. K-Ar dates Hot Creek-Morey Peak caldera on the volcanics in the northern province range from A complex and much-modified caldera near Morey about 38 to about 20 m.y., thus bracketing the ages of Peak in the Hot Creek Range, central Nevada, has 'been the welded tuffs with which they interfinger. defined by geological and geophysical studies, K-Ar In northern Elko County, R. R. Coats has recognized dating, and deep drilling carried out for the AEC at a multiple-source rhyolite dome called the Circle Creek the central Nevada Test Site. The original structure, Rhyolite. Flow layering indicates that it rose through about 15 miles across, has been greatly modified by re­ a number of closely spaced fissures to flood a sag basin surgent doming at Morey Peak and by Basin and Range about 8 miles in diameter. It rests on the Idavada faulting and erosion. Intracaldera tuffs exposed in the Volcanics (lower Pliocene) and, according to its K-Ar ranges have been recognized at depths of more than 6,000 age of 10.6 m.y., is itself early Pliocene in age. feet beneath Hot Creek valley. The site of the original Linear magnetic anomaly in north-central Nevada caldera wall is marked in places by a breccia zone con­ A startlingly linear positive magnetic anomaly, 2 to taining great blocks of tuff and Paleozoic rocks, and in 15 miles wide and nearly 150 miles lonof, has been others by andesite dikes intruded along the ringlike delineated on aeromagnetic maps by D. R. Mabey and fracture system. Stratigraphic and petrographic others in Eureka and Lander Counties, north-central studies indicate that large volumes of calc-alkaline Nevada. This feature extends N. 25° W. from a point welded tuff were erupted into the caldera, and some 10 miles southwest of Eureka to a point 12 miles west probably accumulated in surrounding areas also; the of Midas. It ranges in amplitude from 25 gammas near the ends to more than 400 gammas in the central part, identification and extent of these have not been fully where the anomaly is clearly associated with a dike established. The caldera complex and its associated swarm believed to have fed Tertiary basalt flows which rocks are older than the widespread Bates Mountain occur along most of its extent. The anomaly appears to and Shingle Pass Tuffs. Studies are continuing to iden­ be too extensive, however, to be accounted for entirely tify extracaldera rocks and to define suspected calderas by the observed dikes and flows, suggesting the possible in nearby ranges. existence of additional magnetic material at depth. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A33

UTAH Brown (1939), and their correlatives, are involved in Raft River Mountains thrusting and strong deformation over much of siuth- Continuing study of the Raft River Mountains, north­ easternmost Arizona. As a result, they are separated by western Utah, by R. R. Compton has shown that folded a widespread unconformity from the less deformed and and deformed Paleozoic (?) rocks lying in thrust con­ less metamorphosed Upper Cretaceous strata. Or this tact in Precambrian basement rocks and overlain by basis, the early phase of the Laramide orogeny is a thrust sheet of unmetamorphosed Oquirrh Formation believed to have occurred in late Turonian time. owe their pervasive east- and northeast-trending linea- tions to a set of isoclinal folds whose axes trend nearly PACIFIC COAST REGION east and are strongly overturned to the north. Similar folds and lineations are also recognized throughout the Cenozoic strata and faulting in coastal California Grouse Creek Mountains to the southwest. Fabric New understanding of the complex faults and Terti­ studies of these and associated rocks indicate that the ary strata that characterize coastal central and southern axis of maximum compression is vertical or steeply California was obtained by field studies in the Los inclined, suggesting that gravity was the dominant Angeles Basin and Santa Monica Mountains, and in the deforming force. San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and Santa Cruz Mountains. Source of Keetley volcanic field The character and structural relationships of the Mapping by C. S. Bromfield east of Park City, Malibu Bowl thrust fault in the Santa Monica Moun­ northern Utah, has disclosed a subcircular volcanic cen­ tains and the Los Angeles Basin have been investigated ter with crudely radiating dikes which apparently was by R. H. Campbell and R. F. Yerkes. Campbell reports the source of dark pyroxene-andesite flows that are the that a sedimentary breccia in middle Miocene strata of youngest unit in this part of the Keetley volcanic field. the upper plate in the Point Dume quadrangle contains This center, about 3 miles northeast of Keetley, together blocks of Sespe Formation (late Eocene to early Mio­ with several shallow rhyodacitic intrusives inside the cene) and Vaqueros Sandstone (early Miocene). The edge of the Park City East quadrangle and near the nearest area where the middle Miocene rocks lie uncon- edge of the Heber quadrangle about ll/2 miles southeast formably on Sespe and Vaqueros is in the Simi Hills to of Keetley, may be the source of most of the volcanic the north. These relationships suggest that the thrust rocks in the field. They lie along an extension of the sheet slid southward from the ancestral Simi Hills Uinta axis and form a natural eastward prolongation of the intrusive belt in the central Wasatch Mountains. uplift. A segment of the Malibu Bowl thrust sheet is re­ ARIZONA sponsible for the hitherto puzzling stratigraphic rela­ Laramide orogeny tionships of the Topanga Formation. This middle Mio­ The Laramide tectonic history of an area extending cene formation, with its characteristic shallow-T^ater roughly east and south from Tucson, southern Arizona, megaf aima, is widespread in the Los Angeles Basir and has been synthesized by H. D. Drewes from available has long served as a useful geologic reference, ^t its geologic mapping, which now covers virtually all the type locality along the Old Topanga Canyon Road in exposed bedrock. An early tectonic phase involves the central Santa Monica Mountains, the Topang? ap­ northeast-directed stresses leading to the formation of pears to overlie the Sespe Formation. About 3 miles to northwest-trending fold axes and thrust faults. This the southwest, strata of Vaqueros age intervene between episode of deformation predates the Fort Crittenden the Sespe and the Topanga, so that an unconformity Formation (Upper Cretaceous) and related volcanic was suspected at the base of the Topanga in its type rocks dated at 72 m.y. -^" locality. Recent mapping in this area by Yerker has Following an epoch of quiescence, a late phase of demonstrated that a segment of the Malibu Bowl thrust the orogeny began that is best expressed in the Helvetia fault forms the contact between the Topanga and P°spe mining district. Northwest-directed thrust faults and Formations, and that about 2,000 feet of Sespe strata northwest-trending tear faults were formed almost con­ are truncated by the fault along the northeast margin temporaneously with intrusions of quartz-monzonite of the Sespe exposures. dated as 57 to 52 m.y. old. The Pearlblossom-Desert Hot Springs segment of Cretaceous sedimentation in southeastern Arizona is the San Andreas fault is a fault zone that is as much recognized by P. T. Hayes to reflect the structural as 20 miles wide, according to mapping by T. W. Dib- history described above. Lower Cretaceous strata, in­ blee, Jr. Strands anastomose through nearly all of the cluding the Bisbee Formation, the Amole Arkose of San Ga'briel Mountains, southern San Bernardino A34 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS Mountains, and the San Bernardino-Redl'ands urban Recent fieldwork has made substantial progress toward area. Some strands that were formerly highly active unraveling the puzzling relationships of the Galice, have become inactive, and vice versa. The mapping has Rogue, and Dothan Formations in the KlanLath Moun­ indicated at least 160 miles of right-lateral movement tains. W. P. Irwin and E. W. Wolfe report that the on this fault system. contact between the Galice (?) Formation and the Tri- The complex stratigraphic relations produced by con­ assic and Paleozoic rocks in the Pickett Peak quad­ temporaneous initrabasiii faulting and active sedimenta­ rangle, west-central Trinity County, Calif., is a re­ tion were illustrated by recent work in the Santa Cruz gionally important east-dipping thrust fault that brings Tertiary basin, which is adjacent to the San Andreas Triassic and Paleozoic rocks from the east over the fault. J. C. Clark, in collaboration with J. D. Reitnian Gali'ce( ?). Thrusting was later than both tin intrusion (Univ. of Calif, at Santa Barbara), has shown that the of the Galice (?) by the Glen Creek gabbro-ultramafic Zayante hinge line of the Santa Cruz basin is a continu­ complex and the intrusion of the upper plate rocks by ous feature from the Zayante fault in the Felton quad­ the Bear Wallow diorite complex. rangle to the Vergelles fault in the San Juan Bautista New readouts in western Josephine County, Oreg., quadrangle (Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties). have exposed the contact between the Rogue s\nd Dothan Bathyl deposition across the future site of the hinge line Formations, according to P. E. Hotz. The Dothan, of during the Eocene was followed by shallowing along uncertain age but possibly correlative with the Upper the hinge line during early Miocene time. Continuing Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan Formation, was uplift resulted in emergence of a crystalline complex formerly thought to underlie the Rogue with deposi- south of the line. Deposition of continental sediments tional contact. The new exposures show that the contact along the hinge line ended its importance as a struc­ is an east-dipping fault. It is believed to be a major tural feature during the middle Miocene. thrust fault with the Rogue overriding the Dothan from the east. The Galice Formation (Late Jurassic) struc­ Mesozoic stratigraphy and structural relations in Klamath turally overlies the Rogue in this area, but their strati- Mountains and adjacent areas graphic relationship is still uncertain. Biostratigraphic zonation has been successfully uti­ Lawsonite-crossite schist, showing at least two periods lized to subdivide a monotonous sequence of strata of deformation has been discovered in a window of 20,000 feet thick near Paskenta, Calif, (northwest edge pre-Tertiary rocks in north-central Oregon, directly of Sacramento Valley). D. L. Jones and E. H. Bailey along the proposed northeast trend of the Fraser have established six zones in the sequence, on the basis eugeosynclinal belt of the Cordilleran geosyncline. The of species of Buchia. Late Jurassic (Tithonian) and schist, which was found in Myers Canyon, near Mitchell, Early Cretaceous (Berrissian and Valanginian) stages by D. A. Swanson, is associated with chert, mafic meta- are represented. The relationship of the Buchia zones volcanic rocks, and marble containing poorly preserved to the standard European stages was confirmed by a Permian fusilinids. It is overlain by graywt.cke, shale, study of the ammonites by R. W. Imlay. These strata and conglomerate of Lower Cretaceous age. The trend north, dip steeply east, and are cut by three major lawsonite-crossite schist indicates that, at least locally, northwest-trending faults, named from south to north this part of the eugeosyncline underwent high pressure- the Paskenta, Elder Creek, and Cold Fork faults. South low temperature metamorphism, similar to that occur­ of the Paskenta fault, the lower 5 zones are present, but ring along the sole of a major thrust fr.ult in the zones 3 to 5 are thin. North of the Paskenta fault, Klamath Mountains in California (M. C. Blake, Jr., zones 3 to 5 are 10 times as thick. North of the Elder and others, r0002). Creek fault, only zones 5 and 6 are present and are still thicker and lithologically different from strata to the Ultramafic-rock studies south. North of the Cold Fork fault, the entire, Buchia- New gravity and magnetic data along the eastern bearing sequence is gone and the oldest Cretaceous rocks margin of the San Joaquin Valley have defined an belong to the younger Hauterivian stage and rest on anomaly with similar characteristics and in parallel basement rocks of the Klamath Mountains. position to a well-known major anomaly that under­ lies alluvium to the west. The recently discovered Jones and Bailey believe that the three faults are anomaly extends southward from a point eart of Fresno strike-slip faults and have brought together strata of through Smith Mountain, the Venice Hills, and into the differing thickness from different parts of a sedimentary Sierra foothills east of Exeter, according to H. W. basin. Total displacement across the three faults is un­ Oliver. In both the Exeter and Smith Mountain areas, known but is certainly large and may amount to tens of mafic intrusive rocks are present and ultramafic rocks miles. are either known or suspected at depth. Therefore, this GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A35

anomaly is thought to be the result of the mafic and ity of the faults suggests that both sets were simul­ ul'tramafic intrusive rocks rather than of volcanic rocks taneously active and that movements were probably ver­ or some phenomenon associated with isostatic compen­ tical. Movement on some of the faults occurred in sation of the Sierra Nevada. By analogy, the larger Cenozoic time. anomaly to the west is thought to have a similar origin. Western extension of Belt Supergroup in northec*tern Intense fracturing as well as folding have been found Washington to characterize the harzburgite and dunite of the Burro Recent work in the Chewelah quadrangles has resulted Mountain ultramafic body in Monterey County, Calif. in discovery of a section of rocks of the Belt Snper- This body is being studied as part of an integrated study group similar to those near Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. F. K. of Coast Range alpine-type ultramafic rocks by R. A. Miller and A. B. Griggs report that this section, for­ Loney, G. R. Himmelberg, N. J. Page, and R. G. Cole- merly thought to belong to the Deer Trail Group (Pre- man. Serpentine is related to the fracturing, the amount cambrian), actually contains the Prichard, Burke, St. of serpentine increasing markedly near shear zones Regis, Revett, Wallace, and probably the Striped Peak where fracturing is most intense. Partly serpentinized Formations of the Belt Supergroup. They are similar mylonite zones containing no sheared serpentine in­ in thickness and lithology to the section near Coeur dicate that fracturing started before serpeiitinization; d'Alene. the fractures provided channels for the water of ser- Rocks known to belong to the Deer Trail Group are pentinization. The products of serpentinization ser­ present within 4 miles of rocks belonging to the upper pentine minerals and brucite became more iron-rich as part of the Belt Supergroup. There are definite simi­ serpentinization progressed. Enstatite altered to "bas- larities between the two major Precambrian sections, tite" (lizardite), while olivine formed lizardite- but correlations are not yet possible. Important differ­ clinochrysotile-brucite. ences between the two sections also exist and suggest Gravity study of alpine-type ultramafic masses the possibility that the sections originated some distance Gravity measurements made by George Thompson apart and! have been faulted together. over outcrops of alpine-type ultramafic masses in the Volcanic rocks and stratigraphy in Washington and Pacific coast area indicate that most masses are asso­ Oregon ciated with wreakly positive anomalies. However, Reconnaissance mapping in the Harney Basin, Burns strongly serpentinized bodies yield weakly negative AMS quadrangle, southeastern Oregon, has delineated anomalies. The absence of strong positive anomalies most of three extensive Pliocene ash-flow tuff sheets, precludes downward extension of dense rock to great all of which are well exposed in Devine Canyon, along depth and suggests that the ultramafic masses are root­ Route 395 north of Burns. These welded tuffs and inter- less. Interpretations by Russ Robinson of aeromagnetic bedded sediments constitute most of the Danforth For­ data for the Twin Sisters, Wash., dunite mass support mation. R. C. Greene and G. W. Walker report that this conclusion and in addition show that serpentine the basal unit, of early Pliocene age, is rich in crystals cannot underlie the dunite except possibly near the mar­ of alkali feldspar and /?-quartz. Total extent of this gins. The geophysical data are consistent with the ash-flow tuff may exceed 3,600 sq mi. The middle- unit hypothesis of tectonic emplacement at subsolidus is completely free of crystals and contains little pumice temperatures. or rock fragments. The central part is characterized by Pattern of faulting in Foothills fault system of Mother large spherical gas cavities. Its extent may be as much Lode belt as 1,500 sq mi. The upper unit, of middle Pliocene age, Mapping in the Mother Lode mineralized belt, Ama- is characterized by a prominent central lithophysal zone clor County, Calif., by R. V. Sharp and W. A. Duffield and a dense upper zone with abundant flattened pumice fragments. Total extent of this upper tuff is about 3,500 has shown that the Foothills fault system is much more to 4,000 sq mi. complex than previously demonstrated. The Bear Complex assemblages of volcanic mudflows interbed- Mountain and Melones fault zones, 6 to 10 miles apart ded with coarse fluvial gravels that form terraces in and trending northwest, bound a block which is itself several valleys heading on Mount Rainier, Wash., are complexly faulted, especially so in its western part. A reported by D. R. Crandell. Each assemblage rhows large proportion of the faults trend' east of north, and repeated aggradation of the valley floor alternating they both truncate and are cut by faults bearing north­ with downcutting. The mudflow deposits are the result west, subparallel to the system as a whole. The resulting of an extended period of volcanism, and the youngest pattern of faulting resembles a mosaic of prisms whose assemblage is believed to be the result of eruptions that boundaries are nearly vertical. Limited lateral continu­ built the volcano's present summit cone. A36 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS D. R. Mullineaux reports finding scattered fragments An east-west belt of alkaline intrusive rocvs in north­ of gray to brown pumice as large as 2 inches in diameter ern Stevens County, Wash., and adjacent British Co­ on top of young moraines of the Emmons and Ohana- lumbia may have been derived from a source in the pecosh Glaciers at the east base of Mount Rainier. mantle, according to R. G. Yates. These intrusives, Tree-ring dating of the moraines by R. S. Sigafoos and dated by J. C. Engels at 50 m.y., include uncommon E. L. Hendricks indicates that the pumice is probably type such as shonkinite and lamprophyres. They are sim­ between 110 and 130 years old. It records the most recent ilar in composition and age to alkaline intrusives in known eruption of new magma by Mount Rainier, Montana, which fall on an eastward projection of the whereas new magma was formerly thought to have been belt, suggesting a genetic relationship. If such a correla­ last erupted about 2,000 years ago. tion is valid, the intrusive belt, crossing the grain of the Intrusive rocks from coastal Oregon and northern continent from Precambrian craton to Mesozoic eugeo- Washington syncline, would seem to be controlled by strictures and An unusual sill of granophyric ferrogabbro from the magma sources at great depth. central Oregon Coast Range is being studied by N. S. New information by C. D. Rinehart and K. F. Fox, MacLeod and P. D. Snavely, Jr. The sill, of Oligocene Jr., on the alkalic rocks of the northern Okanogan age, underlies much of the area between Stott Mountain Highlands in Washington is presented ir "Plutonic and Laurel Mountain. The magma that produced this Rocks and Magmatic Processes" in the section "Geologic sill had a high Fe/Mg ratio (about 9) that changed but and Hydrologic Principles, Processes, and Techniques." little during differentiation. This sill differs from related sills in the central Oregon Coast Range, which Geochronology have lower initial Fe/Mg ratios that increased during Recent K-Ar dating studies suggest that plutonism differentiation. The lower chilled margin of this sill in the Corclilleran region is periodic in nature. A com­ contains about 57.5 percent SiO2, 14.6 percent FeO pilation by J. F. Evernden (Univ. of Calif.) and R. W. + Fe2O3, and 1.5 percent MgO, and grades upward into Kistler shows that 5 major pulses of Mesozoic pluto­ granophyric ferrogabbro that near the center of the sill nism, on the basis of granitic rocks from 250 localities has about 51 percent SiO2, 18.5 percent FeO + Fe2O3, in California and Nevada, occurred during the interval and 2.2 percent MgO. Near the top of the sill is a zone of from Middle Triassic to Late Cretaceous. Their ages are ferrogranophyre, pegmatite, and granophyre. The as follows: (1) 210-195m.y., (2) 180-160m.y., (3) 148- granophyre, representing the final differentiate, con­ tains up to 76 percent SiO2,1.5 to 3 percent FeO+Fe2O3, 132 m.y., (4) 121-104 m.y., and (5) 90-77 m.y. Addi­ less than 0.3 percent MgO, and about 8 percent total tional data from South America and British Columbia alkalies. The bulk composition of the sill is nearly iden­ suggest that periodic plutonism is a feature of the tical with the composition of the chilled margins, indi­ entire Cordilleran region. cating that differentiation took place in a closed system The results of recent K-Ar dating studies are sum­ with respect to the major cations. marized in table 2.

TABLE 2. K-Ar dates from California and Washington

Area, pluton, and (or) rock type Age (years) Mineral Investigator Note at end of table

California

Southern California batholith: Main part__ _ 91-104. 9 v 106 Biotite, hornblende _.. _ David Gottfried, R. W. 1 Kistler. San Jacinto Mountains, tonalite. 85. 9 v 106 Do. 87. 7 v Do. Roubidoux granite _ 94. ? X 106 Do. Do _ 95. 0 v 106 Do. Woodson Mountain Granodiorite. 98. 4 X 106 Biotite- ___ -._ -_ . Do. Do__- 101. 9 V 106 Hornblende. _ . - _ _ _ _ . Do. Mono and Inyo Craters: Rhyolites______-______._ 6, 400-10, 200 Sanidine__-_- --__--__-__ G. B. Dalrymple. Klamath Mountains: Pit River stock (oldest plutonic 246 X 106 _-______---______- M. A. Lanphere, W. P. Irwin, group). P. E. Hotz. Intermediate-age plutonic group_-__- 165-167 X 106 ______Do. Do_-______---__---____-____ 145-155 X 106 -_.__--.--______-_-___ Do. Youngest plutonic group..-______127-140 X 106 Do. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A37

TABLE 2. K-Ar dates from California and Washington Continued

Area, pluton, and (or) rock type Age (years) Mineral Investigator end o* table

Washington

Northern Cascade Mountains: Large plutons.______85 X 10« ______J. C. Engels, F. W. Cater, Jr., D. F. Crowder, C. A. Hopson, M. H. Staatz, R. W. Tabor. 65 X 10" Do. 45 X 10" Do. Do ______20 X 10" Do. Methow graben: Pasayten and Rock Creek dikes. 86 X 10" ______J. C. Engles, R. W. Tabor, M. H. Staatz. Castle Peak stock______50 X 10« ______Do. Monument Peak stock______48 X 10s ______._..__..... Do. Loomis quadrangle: Four plutons______115-190 X 10" Hornblende-.--.-.------J. C. Engels, C. D. Rinehart, K. F. Fox, Jr. Osoyoos plutons and Colville batho- 50 X 10s Biotite, muscovite.______Do. lith. Colville 30-minute quadrangle (north half): Spirit pluton and Kaniksu batholith__ 100±3 X 10« _____-______--______J. C. Engels, R. G. Yates. Flows and dikes______50±15 X 10" Biotite, hornblende___-_- Do. Chewelah 1 and 4 quadrangles______- 50 X 10" Biotite-.--___._____ J. C. Engels, F. K. Miller.

NOTES : the Stuart Fork Formation of Davis and Lipman (1962) 2 and 1. K-Ar ages of hornblende-biotite pairs are reasonably con­ schists of Condrey Mountain. cordant, but some are notably less than Pbaoa/Ujss ages on zircon 4. The ages reported are believed to indicate pulses in the from the same rocks 116 m.y. for the Roubidoux granite and magmatic activity which has been adding material to the North­ 119 m.y. for the Woodson Mountain Granodiorite (Banks and ern Cascade Mountains since the Cretaceous. At least one pi-ton Silver) .l It is concluded that the K-Ar ages reflect geologic events grades into volcanic rocks. subsequent to their crystallization. 5. These ages are believed to define two periods of plutonism 2. K-Ar ages have been successfully determined for these which may be related to the periods of plutonism in the core of Holocene rhyolite domes. Statistical analysis suggests that real the Cascades. differences in age were detected between three of the domes. 6. The ages of hornblende from the four plutons show l^rge The ages are consistent with ionium ages on five of the samples discordances with ages of the coexisting biotite. The younger and with glacial and C11 evidence of age. ages of micas from the Osoyoos pluton and Colville bath?lith 3. The Nevadan orogeny in the Klamath Mountains is re­ are believed to date a late metamorphic event, perhaps the one that disturbed the biotites of the four older plutons, rather than stricted to the Middle and Late Jurassic. It is represented by indicate the age of Colville-Osoyoos intrusion. the younger three of the plutonic groups whose ages are reported. 7. These ages indicate two major intrusive events in northern These are accompanied by deformation and metamorphism of Washington. Two of the dikes having ages in the 50-m.y. r^nge have been tentatively correlated with the Coryell batholith rorth 1 P. O. Banks and L. T. Sliver, 1966, Evaluation of the decay constant of the international boundary. If this correlation is correct, of uranium 235 from lead isotope ratios: Jour. Geophys. Research, then plutonism as well as volcanism occurred at this time. v. 71, no. 16, p. 4037-4046. 2 G. A. Davis and P. W. Lipman, 1962, Revised structural sequence 8. These rocks give discordant ages on mineral pairs. The of pre-Cretaceous metamotrphic rocks in the southern Klamath Moun­ 50-m.y. ages is believed to represent only the age of the last tains, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 73, no. 12, p. 1547-1552. metamorphism.

ALASKA of existing knowledge permits recognition of the major structural features that existed during the Devonian. During the past year, geologic mapping and geo­ The main structural elements were a eugeosynclinal physical programs, as well as heavy-metal, biostrati- province in southeastern Alaska, a miogeosynclinal graphic, geochemical, and geochronologic investiga­ province in arctic Alaska, and a possible intervening tions, were carried out in several of the major regional shelflike environment in the vicinity of the Porcupine subdivisions of the State. This work has resulted in new and Kuskokwim Eivers in central Alaska. scientific and economic findings of significance, which No Lower Devonian rocks have been recognizer1 in are summarized below. An index map (fig. 2) shows the northern Alaska. In the Brooks Range, the Middle boundaries of the regions referred to. Devonian is represented by about 2,000 feet of limestone and shale (probably including most of the Skajit Lime­ GENERAL stone) , that locally may include some mafic dikes and Devonian rocks of Alaska volcaniclastic rocks. Plant-bearing rocks of probrble Devonian rocks are widespread in Alaska but are in­ Middle Devonian age were found in Topagoruk test completely known. A recent analysis by J. T. Dutro, Jr., well 1 near Barrow. The Upper Devonian consists of a A38 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

162° 156° 150° 144° 138°

1. Northern

V ">:%?> V" otWARU 2. West-central ^f \>^ \ PENINSULA 3. East-central J^fiaWl X^ _ 4. Southwestern 5. Southern 6. Southeastern

54°

168° 162° 156° 150° 144° 138° 132°

FIGURE 2. Index map of Alaska, showing boundaries of regions referred to in discussion of Alaskan geology. few thousand feet of unnamed Frasnian limestone and Gravity map of Alaska clastic rocks overlain by a Frasnian through Famen- A rapid increase in the gravity coverage of Alaska nian (or younger) sequence of shale, sandstone, and has permitted a significantly improved map of the State. conglomerate (Hunt Fork Shale, Kanayut and This map, which was originally prepared for the Na­ Kekiktuk(?) Conglomerates) as much as 10,000 feet tional Atlas by D. F. Barnes, shows major geologic thick. variations within the State and can be used to focus more Paleogeographic reconstructions suggest that in extensive geophysical exploration on areas of particular southeastern Alaska, clastic and possibly some volcanic interest. The range of Bouguer gravity anomalies is rocks were derived from emergent sources within the smaller in Alaska than in other parts of Nor^h America, geosyncline and that carbonate banks were developed although the State can be divided into three, areas, each locally. Submarine volcanism took place in northwest- with distinctive gravity and probable crustal-thickness trending troughs. In arctic Alaska a sequence of coarse variations. A long belt of low gravity ( 60 to 110 clastic rocks was deposited from an emergent region mgal) extends from the northern Yukon t order west­ near the Arctic Ocean, and carbonate rocks accumulated ward to a distinct termination east of the Noatak River on a probable shelf along the Porcupine and Kuskokwim and is produced by crustal thickening lN°,neath the Rivers. In the northeastern Brooks Range, evidence of Brooks Range. Throughout its length this low belt is pre-Mississippian folding and intrusion of granite at bounded by a gradual gravity rise beneath the Arctic Mount Michelson (dated as Devonian by the Pb-a slope and a sharp gravity rise to a belt of discontinuous method) indicate middle Paleozoic orogency in the highs along the southern foothills. Between the Brooks northern emergent area. Range and the Alaska Range, gravity anomalies average GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A39 near zero and the crust is probably thin over a broad bulk of the central part of the island. A specimen of area including the Yukon-Tanana Upland, the Seward limestone collected by G. W. Moore from the west side Peninsula, and much of the Bering and Chukchi shelves. of Uyak Bay contains fragments of fossil gastropods, Many local gravity variations within it range from 45 pelecypods, echinoderms, and coelenterates. According to +45 mgal, but most of these anomalies may be ex­ to N. J. Silberling, the most age-diagnostic organism plained by local intrusive bodies or small sedimentary recognizable in polished slabs of the limestone is the basins. South of this broad area, large gravity lows spongimorphid hydrozoan SpongiomorpJw. This genus represent significant crustal adjustment beneath the is evidently restricted to rocks of Late Triassic age, mountainous parts of the Alaska, Wrangell, and Chu- as the species present on Kodiak Island also occurs in gach Mountain Ranges, but the lowest gravity in all richly fossiliferous Upper Triassic rocks at Cape Ke- Alaska may be associated with the Cook Inlet sedi­ kurnoi, directly across Slielikof Strait on the Alaska mentary basin where Bouguer anomalies lower than mainland, 145 mgal have been measured. The anomalies along NORTHERN ALASKA the south coast are large and form a series of arcuate belts that splay out at the continental end of the Coal reserves along Kukpowruk River Aleutian arc. Twelve Cretaceous coal beds that range in thickness from 3 to 20 feet were located along the Kukpowruk NEW PALEONTOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES IN ALASKA River in the Howard syncline in northwestern Alaska by A. A. Wanek and J. E. Callahan. Tests indicate that Silurian a 20-foot coal bed and several thinner beds have cok­ The first conodonts reported from southeastern Alaska ing properties. Shallow drilling with a portable dia­ are under study by A. T. Ovenshine and G. D. Webster. mond drill shows that the 20-foot bed maintains its They date the limestone formation that makes up most thickness for at least iy2 miles east of the Kukpowruk of Kosciusko and Heceta Islands as ranging in age River and 1 mile west of the river. On the basis c f the from late Early Silurian to Late Silurian. outcrops at the river and the drill holes east of the river, Devonian indicated reserves of coal in the 20-foot bed are 7f mil­ Two new fossil localities of Devonian age on Hotspur lion tons, of which about 12 million tons would be Island, near Annette Island, contain the first reported strippable. occurrences of tentaculids and conodonts in southern WEST-CENTRAL ALASKA southeastern Alaska, according to H. C. Berg. Regional mapping of Yukon-Koyukuk basin Pennsylvanian Geologic mapping of approximately 14,000 £Douglass. The sec­ ton, Jr., T. P. Miller, and I. L. Tailleur. This part of tion yielded examples of MillereUa, Ps&itdostaffella, the Yukon-Koyukuk basin consists of a narrow sedi­ and F'usulmella^ but no more advanced forms were mentary trough along the Kobuk River flanked on the found. Apparently the youngest parts of the section south by a broadly geanticlinal volcanic-plutonic com­ exposed are of Middle Pennsylvanian age. plex, the Hogatza trend. The Cretaceous sedimentary Permian sequence of the Kobuk trough consists of an estimated Initial study of the brachiopods of the Tahkandit 6,000 to 10,000 feet of Lower Cretaceous grayv^acke Limestone by R. E. Grant in east-central Alaska sug­ "flysch'" deposits unconformably overlain by more than gests an early Late Permian (late Guadalupe) age, 3,000 feet of Upper Cretaceous quartz conglomerate roughly correlative with the "Svalbardian" of East and coal-bearing deposits. The rocks of the Hogatza Greenland and Spitzbergen. Further study should pro­ trend are chiefly lowest Cretaceous andesitic volcan- duce a somewhat more refined correlation with other iclastic rocks and flows which are intruded on the west Arctic areas. by syenite and monzonite plutons of late Early Creta­ Triassic ceous age and on the east by granodiorite and quartz Triassic fossils have been discovered on Kodiak Is­ monzonite plutons of Late Cretaceous age. Small land, in southwestern Alaska, that date part 01 a oeit patches of Unoer Cretaceous rhyolite and latite flows of rocks on the northwest side of the island that had and tuffs, which appear to be alined along a nortHast- not previously yielded fossils. This belt is thrust to the trencling fracture zone, occur in the south-central part southeast over later Mesozoic rocks that constitute the of the Hogatza trend.

318-835 O - 68 - 4 A40 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

Nature of Kaltag fault nonamygdular occurrences. Random grab samples of the The Kaltag fault has been traced for a distance of basalt indicate a copper content ranging between 150 275 miles across west-central Alaska from Norton Sound and 500 ppm, more than 2 times the average abundance to Tanana. Reconnaissance geologic mapping by W. W. of copper in basalt. The petrography of th?, flows and Patton, Jr., and J. M. Hoare along the fault indicates amygdule mineralogy is strikingly similar to the Pre- that between 40 and 80 miles of right-lateral offset may cambrian Keweenawan basalts of northern Michigan have occured since the Cretaceous. Study of aerial pho­ and the Triassic Nikolai Greenstone along the south tographs along the fault reveals evidence of recent ac­ flank of the Wrangell Mountains in scTith-central tivity over nearly its entire length and of local drain­ Alaska. age offset of as much as l1/^ miles. The remarkably New geological and structural interpretations in Fair­ straight trend of the fault, its parallelism with known banks area and suspected strike-slip faults of southwestern Alaska, The completion and tentative interpretation of the and the evidence of major lateral dislocation suggest first detailed geologic section across the Ester-Cleary that the Kaltag is a major strike-slip fault. mineralized belt by R. B. Forbes and H. D. Pilkington (both of the Univ. of Alaska), under a contract with the EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA Geological Survey, is a significant contribution to an Permian stratigraphy and potential source of copper on understanding of the regional geology and the localiza­ south flank of eastern Alaska Range tion of mineral deposits in the Fairbanks district. The Field mapping by D. M. Richter and M. A. Matson, Cleary anticline, as previously mapped by several Jr., in the Nabesna quadrangle in an attempt to unravel geologists, is now believed to include two distinct the stratigraphy and structure of the eastern Alaska metamorphic-rock units that are probably separated by Range and to evaluate the area's mineral potential has a southward-dipping thrust fault. The lower plate disclosed a thicker and more varied Permian section includes eclogitic and other high-grade iretamorphic than heretofore recognized. A minimum of 10,000 feet rocks; the upper plate rocks are of greenschist to am- of Permian rocks is exposed in a relatively narrow belt phibolite facies and are the host for most of the lode over 80 miles long on the south flank of the Alaska deposits in the district. Structural complexity is dis­ Range and south of the major strike-slip Denali fault. tinctly greater in the lower plate unit. Gravity and These strata dip at moderate angles to the north and magnetic traverses by Ken Holden, Lennar4: Anderson, northeast and consist of three distinct stratigraphic and Gordon Johnson lend support to this geologic and units: (1) a lower volcaniclastic unit with minor inter- structural interpretation. bedded andesite flows and tuffs and impure limestones Lower Paleozoic tectonic framework 500 to 1,500 feet thick; (2) a middle marine sedimentary A study of the middle Paleozoic stratigraphy, pale­ unit consisting of thin- and thick-bedded fossiliferous ontology, and tectonics of east-central Alaskr. by Michael limestones interbedded with shale, argillite, and minor Churkin, Jr., and Earl Brabb permits reconstruction of coarser clastic rocks 4,000 to 7,000 feet thick (Mankomen Paleozoic stratigraphic sections from the Arctic coast Formation), and (3) an upper amygdaloidal basalt unit to the Yukon River and from central Alaska to the with interbedded massive reeflike limestones 5,000 to Northwest Territories, Canada. These reconstructions 7,000 feet thick. The lower volcaniclastic unit overlies suggest that east-central Alaska in early Paleozoic time with apparent conformity a thick section of andesitic received thin shelf limestone and shale deposits and volcanic rocks that may also be of Permian age. Thin- was not part of the Cordilleran geosynclir^. Further­ bedded Triassic limestone and Jurassic and Cretaceous more, the Ordovician to Lower Devonian Richardson argillites unconformably overlie the amygdaloidol ba­ Mountains trough was not a connecting link between salt unit. The thick unit of Permian amygdaloidal basalt flows the Franklinian and Cordilleran geosynclines but in­ warrants attention as a future potential source of cop­ stead was a basin developed by differential subsidence per. Amygdule fillings consist principally of calcite, within the Yukon shelf. Lower Paleozoic roc\s in north­ quartz, chlorite, epidote, pumpellyite, prehnite, and ernmost Alaska are largely unknown, but reveral lines natrolite(?). Native copper occurs in minor amounts of indirect evidence suggest that a lower Paleozoic geo- throughout the flows in amygdules, scoriaceous flow tops syncline, perhaps largely destroyed by later earth move­ and bottoms, and in fractures and local shear zones. ments, lies along the northern edge of Alaska. Lastly, Bornite, and to a lesser extent chalcopyrite, is associated the Paleozoic facies belts seem to have been displaced with the native copper in many places, especially in the along a combination of strike-slip and thrust faults. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A41

Structure in northeastern Alaska tholeiitic, primarily olivine tholeiite, and the rest are As a result of reconnaissance mapping by W. P. highly alkalic basalt, primarily basanite. Field observa­ Brosge and H. N. Keiser in the Coleen and Table Moun­ tions supplemented by numerous radiometric age de­ tain quadrangles in northeastern Alaska, a major high- terminations made by G. B. Dalrymple reveal that the angle fault has been inferred to strike northeastward 2 types of volcanic activity were interspersed over a across the Porcupine Plateau, separating blocks with period of about 6 m.y. and that the youngest eruptions, opposite regional strike and differing lithology in Mis- which were alkalic, overlap the youngest tholeiitic erup­ sissippian rocks. Along the Porcupine River southeast of tions by about 0.3 m.y. this fault zone the pre-Mississippian rocks are mostly Effects of 1963 eruption of Augustine Volcano platform carbonate and sandstone deposits and the re­ Investigation by R. L. Detterman (p. Cl26-C12f) of gional strike is northeastward, approximately parallel Augustine Volcano on Augustine Island indicates that to the fault zone and to the course of the Porcupine the 1963 eruption was a laterally directed nuee arc"^nte River itself. Northwest of the fault zone the pre-Mis- eruption; the total mass of debris erupted during 1963- sissipian rocks are geosynclinal schist and conglomerate 64 was_ about 120 X106 cu yd. Also, the island was similar to those in the Brooks Range, and the regional uplifted 12 to 13 inches, probably as a result of the strike is north to northwest. The boundary fault between 1964 Good Friday earthquake. the two blocks of contrasting rocks is in a covered in­ terval about 10 miles wide along the middle reach of Age of plutonic rocks of southern Alosko Range and the Coleen River and probably extends northeastward Aleutian Range along Bilwaddy Creek to cross the United States- B. L. Reed and M. A. Lanphere have shown on the Canada border near lat 68°15' N. The boundary is also basis of K-Ar mineral ages that plutonic rocks in an inferred to extend southwestward along an exposed area of approximately 22,000 sq mi in the southern fault from the Coleen River to the northern margin Alaska Range and the Aleutian Range can 'be assigned of the Yukon flats. In this area the older platform to age groups that show differences in chemical char­ facies is still exposed in the block southeast of the fault, acteristics and geographic distribution. The plutonic but because of the regional southwest dip of the rocks groups are Early and Middle Jurassic, Late Cre­ in the northwest block, only Mississippian and younger taceous and early Tertiary, and middle Tertiary in sedimentary and Jurassic volcanic rocks are exposed age. Most of the plutonic rocks in the Aleutian Range northwest of the fault. south of Iliamna Lake appear to be Jurassic, but r-orth The inferred fault may have been active at several of Iliamna Lake, Jurassic plutonic rocks seems to be times since the Late Devonian or Early Mississippian. restricted to a belt on the southeast side of the Chigmit Pre-Mississippian rocks and possibly even basal Mis­ Mountains-Alaska Range. In the western or north­ sissippian rocks differ markedly across the fault, but western part of the Alaska Range north of Ilismna stratigraphic trends in the overlying Carboniferous to Lake, only Cretaceous and Tertiary plutonic rocks have Permian limestones cross the fault with little or no been found. Rocks rich in K-feldspar are predominant offset or change in thickness and lithology. The Permi­ in the Cretaceous and Tertiary plutons, but subordinate an (?) siltstones above these limestones are also similar in the Jurassic plutons. Most of the mineralization in on both sides of the northeastern part of the inferred the region is associated with the Cretaceous and Tertiary fault. The exposed southwestern part of the fault, how­ plutons. ever, has been active since the Permian, because it cuts SOUTHERN ALASKA Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and because Geology and ore deposits in southern Wra-^ell the Permian (?) siltstone sequences on both sides of this Mountains portion of the fault are different. Correlations that may Geologic mapping in the southern Wrangell Moun­ establish relative movement between and within the two tains by E. M. MacKevett, Jr., has resulted in greatly blocks await K-Ar dating of granitic plutons and iden­ increased understanding of the structure and strati­ tification of fossil collections from the Carboniferous graphy of this region. The geologic record indicates that and Permian(?) sedimentary rocks. two major orogenies occurred,, one probably in the SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA Pennsylvanian and the other at or near the close of the Jurassic or in the early Early Cretaceous. Three epi­ Volcanic rocks of Nunivak Island sodes of volcanism are documented in the region: the Geologic: mapping and laboratory study by J. M. first is represented by Permian lavas, the second by Hoare and W. H. Con don indicate that most (98 per­ Middle and (or) Upper Triassic Nikolai Greenstone, cent) of the volcanic rocks on Nunivak Island are and the third by Tertiary to Quaternary Wrangell Lava. A42 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

Most of the volcanic activity appears to have emanated is not, suggesting that some of the deforms tion may be from a mobile belt approximately coincident with the protoclastic. present trend of the Wrangell Mountains. The exten­ Preliminary thin-section and X-ray studies of bedded sive and generally fossiliferous Mesozoic sedimentary rocks on the eastern side of the island indicate that they rocks are dominantly marine shelf deposits, and are include K-feldspar-rich rocks that closely resemble dis­ overlain by continental sedimentary rocks and the tinctively altered felsic volcanic rocks of Tnassic age in Wrangell Lava. the Keku Islets area, some 150 miles to the northwest. The project has generated much information on the Should the units prove to be correlative, it may be pos­ ore deposits of the region, which include Kennecott- sible to estimate the amount of right-lateral displace­ type copper sulfide lodes; copper-iron-sulfide and ment on the Clarence Strait fault, which lies between the native-copper deposits in the Nikolai Greenstone; Annette Island-Keku Islets areas, and is one of the quartz vein deposits with gold, molybdenum and gold, major structural features of southeastern Alaska. or antimony, arsenic, and gold; and placer deposits that contain gold, silver, and copper. Many of the lode PUERTO RICO deposits can be directly or inferentially related to Structure of northern coastal region of Puerto Rico Tertiary plutonism. Many of the deposits are also in A gravity survey of the northern coastal area by part stratigraphically controlled. For example, the im­ Andrew Griscom indicates that Oligocene and Miocene portant Kennecott-type deposits are confined to the sedimentary rocks on land probably are nc where much lower, generally dolomitic parts of the Triassic Chiti- thicker than the 5,580 feet recorded in tta No. 4CPK stone Limestone. Recent work by A. K. Armstrong has test well drilled between Arecibo and Barc°loneta. The determined that the Chitistone Limestone formed en­ gravity data indicate that about 9 miles east, of Arecibo tirely or largely in shallow water in a back-reef en­ an east-trending anticline extends for about 3 miles and vironment and that much of its dolomite is probably raises the basement surface about 1,100 feet. West of primary or early diagenetic. Laboratory investigations Quebradillas and less than 2 miles offshore, an east- relevant to the ore deposits of the region are in progress. trending fault with uplift on the north side is suggested SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA by gravity, magnetic, and topographic data. Oligocene drainage in western Puerto Rico Isotopic relationships of ultramafic complexes Between San Sebastian and Moca, in wertern Puerto Geologic evidence suggests that a series of ultramafic Rico, the Lares Limestone intertongue,i with and complexes along a 350-mile-long belt in southeastern grades laterally into clastic beds of clay, sand, gravel, Alaska crystallized from magmas of ultramafic com­ and cobbles, which have been mapped with the under­ position, according to M. A. Lanphere.22 Some geolo­ lying San Sebastian Formation (W. H. Monroe, r2158). gists have proposed that these magmas were derived These clastic beds indicate that in middle and late from fractional fusion of ultramafic material in the Oligocene time a large but rapidly flowing river emptied upper mantle. The Sr8T/Sr86 ratios, corrected for growth into the sea in this area. Clastic deposits of the Guaja- of radiogenic Sr87, in total-rock samples and in min­ taca Member of the overlying Cibao Formation show erals from 4 ultramafic complexes, range from 0.7026 to that this river continued to flow until e^.rly Miocene 0.7068, and the K/Rb ratios in total-rock samples range time. The river may have been an ancestral Rio Blanco, from 300 to 1,200. These ratios from the Alaskan rocks and deposition of the clastic material may have stopped are similar to ratios for oceanic volcanic rocks. when this river was captured by the Rio Afiasco. Geology of Annette Island Porphyry copper deposits in central Puerto Rico Reconnaissance mapping of central Annette Island Several "porphyry copper" deposits occur in apophy- by H. C. Berg indicates that much of it is underlain by ses on the south side of the Utuado pluton. The deposits a leucocratic trondhjemite stock and by smaller plutons occur as small veins and as disseminated grains of of quartz moiizonite, granodiorite, and tonalite. The chalcopyrite in quartz diorite and granoiiorite. Two trondhjemite has been strongly deformed, with large deposits are in an area 5 km northeast of Ad juntas 23 parts marked by brecciation, fine milling, and develop­ and two others are on the west side of the Rio Tanama ment of planar structures. Locally this cataclasis is between Utuado and Lares (A. E. .Nelson and O. T. related to faults and shear zones, but in many places it Tobisch, r2050). These deposits can be ecoromically de­ veloped, as shown by intensive drilling carried out by 22 M. A. Lanphere, in press, Sr-Rb-K and Sr isotopic relationships n» ultramafic rocks, southeastern Alaska: Amsterdam, North-Holland Pub­ 23 P. H. Mattson, in press, Geologic map of the Adjuntas quadrangle, lishing Co., Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. 'Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-519. GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL-RESOURCE STUDIES A43

copper-mining companies, but .mining has not started. damsites, in planning highway alinements and subway Other deposits of copper are known in Puerto Rico, but routes, and so forth. Actual construction is aided they have not been as thoroughly prospected by drilling. through location of construction materials and estima­ tion of costs in site preparation. In some areas, geologic GEOLOGIC MAPS maps are indispensible in avoiding such hazards as landslides, swelling clays, and those areas possibly sub­ Much of the geologic and geophysical work of the ject to extensive seismic damage during earthquakes. U.S. Geological Survey consists of mapping specific areas, mostly for publication as quadrangle maps at INTERMEDIATE-SCALE GEOLOGIC MAPS scales of 1: 250,000, 1: 62,500, and 1: 24,000. Some of these studies are for the purpose of extending geologic Geologic mapping at a scale of 1 :250,000 make.? up knowledge in areas of known economic interest; some an important part of the Geological Survey's geologic- are to gain detailed knowledge at localities or areas for investigations program. The 1:250,000 and smaller rcale engineering planning or construction. Still other map­ geologic maps generally are based upon the generaliza­ ping studies are carried on with paleontology, sedi­ tion of available large-scale geologic maps supple­ mentary petrology, or some other specialized topic as mented by reconnaissance geologic mapping at inter­ the primary objective. mediate scales. Mapping at 1: 250,000 has now expanded The systematic description and mapping of rock units to a point where it constitutes about one-fifth of the to show local and regional relations likewise constitute geologic-mapping program of the Geological Surrey. a major scientific objective. Mapping the geology of the Many State geological surveys also have 1:250,000- United States is a mandate of the Organic Act establish­ scale geologic-mapping programs which are underlay ing the Geological Survey, and the completion of geo­ or completed. This joint effort by the Federal and S'^ate logic maps for the country at scales that will fulfill fore­ surveys as a nationwide program promises to provide seeable needs and uses is a long-range goal. geologic-map coverage of two-thirds of the Urited States by 1985. LARGE-SCALE GEOLOGIC MAPS The Geological Survey is participating in 1:250,000- scale geologic-mapping programs that will prc^dde Large-scale geologic mapping, principally at scales extensive or complete coverage of Alaska, Nevada, of 1: 24,000 and 1: 62,500, constitutes about four-fifths Colorado, and Nebraska within a few years. Single- of the geologic-mapping program of the Geological sheeit 1° by 2° geologic maps have been started in parts Survey. Geologic maps at. a large scale are available for of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, only about 20 percent of the conterminous United Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Iowa, North Carolina, States. Approximately half of these maps have been South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Figure 3 produced by the Geological Survey; the remaining maps shows the areas of the conterminous United Spates were produced mostly by various State organizations for which 1:250,000-scale geologic maps have been and educational institutions. The ultimate goal is to published. obtain complete detailed geologic map coverage of the The 1: 250,000-scale geologic maps have a variety of entire Nation. uses. They help define areas where the need for larger The Geological Survey is carrying out large-scale scale maps is most critical, and they direct attention to geologic mapping projects in many parts of the coun­ broad geologic problems involving large segments of the try, with intensive cooperative programs underway in earth's crust. They have already proved to be ideal for Kentucky, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Puerto geologic analysis of major tectonic and stratigrrphic Rico. Other areas where extensive mapping is under­ problems, for analysis of mineral provinces, and for re- way include Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, fating broad geophysical anomalies to surface geology. Montana, Michigan, New Mexico, and Washington. Large-scale geologic maps play a vital role in further­ MAPS OF LARGE REGIONS ing scientific knowledge of the earth and have many uses. Maps of mineralized areas are used to (1) locate The U.S. Geological Survey publishes a number of and explore for economic mineral deposits, (2) eluci­ geologic and geophysical maps of national or inter­ date the scientific, principles that underlie formation national scope. These maps of large regions brinaj to­ and distribution of ore deposits, and (3) prepare re­ gether great amounts of information from many serve and resource estimates. sources studies by Geological Survey personnel, and Geologic maps are used extensively in planning and published or unpublished information supplied by geol­ carrying out large-scale engineering works, in locating ogists of State geological surveys, private companies, A44 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS GEOLOGICAL, GEOPHYSICAL, AND MINERAL RESOURCE STUDIES A45 and universities. These small-scale compilations pro­ Other cooperative maps in preparation include: vide regional geologic patterns and relations which 1. Metallogenic map of North America, scale 1: 5,000,- may be compared and correlated with many kinds of 000. Contributions by the Geological Surveys or earth-science data. equivalent organizations of Canada, Central Cooperative projects American countries, Greenland, and Mexico have greatly assisted P. W. Guild in the task of pre­ The U.S. Geological Survey collaborates with other paring a first version of a metallogenic mrp of national scientific organizations and with international North America. A committee sponsored by the groups in preparing some maps of large regions. The Commission for the Geological Map of the World tectonic map of North America, scale 1:5,000,000, is and under the aegis of the International Geologi­ now in press. This map was compiled under the guid­ cal Congress and the International Union of ance of P. B. King, U.S. Geological Survey, and will be Geological Sciences met in Canada during 1967 a part of the tectonic map of the world, a compilation and resolved methods of emphasizing the geologic- sponsored by the International Geological Congress. tectonic settings of the ore deposits of the continent. The tectonic map of North America was an interna­ Two chief patterns or groups of deposit^ are tional undertaking, and was assembled with the formal emerging, one parallel to the depositional and de- and informal cooperation of other national geological formational grain of the continent, the other surveys in North America and with institutions and transverse to it. Ore deposits of the first group are individuals. The map gives a coordinated picture of the related to the development of geosynclines; they tectonics of North America and is expected to influence formed either contemporaneously with the en­ tectonic concepts and theories in the future; it may also closing rocks or within geologically moderate provide indirect leads to the discovery of areas favor­ periods of time after accumulation of the en­ able for the occurrence of new economic mineral closing rocks. Deposits of the second group m%y be deposits. emplaced in much older rocks; some are knorn to The basement-rock map of the United States, scale be related to deep fracture zones (geosutures) and 1:2,500,000, was published by the U.S. Geological Sur­ many others are suspected of having been localized vey in 1968 (R. W. Bayley and W. R. Muehlberger, by structures of this nature. The association of r20lT). It was sponsored by the Advanced Research many large deposits of the second type with Projects Agency and the U.S. Air Force, Department ancient structures that show evidence of repeated of Defense. The map was compiled under the direction movement suggests deep, possibly mantle sources of W. R. Muehlberger, University of Texas, and R. W. for the contained metals. By contrast, even very Bayley, U.S. Geological Survey. In addition to the con­ large but geologically young fractures are not figuration of the basement rocks, the map shows the mineralized. lithology of the buried basement rocks, as determined from the examination of thousands of cores and cuttings 2. Geologic and geophysical maps of the Transconti­ from deep borings. Lithology is shown by colors and nental Geophysical Survey Strip. The Transconti­ patterns representing a few broad lithologic categories nental Geophysical Survey (TGS) Strip, a band which permit wide application. All areas of exposed 4° wide centered on lat 37° N. and exterding basement rocks, such as in the Lake Superior region, across the United States and into the Atlantic and have been revised to include the latest field data, and Pacific Oceans, has been the focus for geophysical have been grouped within the same broad lithologic and geologic surveys since 1962. During fiscal year categories as used in the subsurface to facilitate surface 1968, twenty maps of the strip were compiled in to subsurface correlations. Parts of the map show rocks cooperation with the Environmental Science Serv­ that are not basement rocks in the accepted sense, but ices Administration, Department of Commerce, these departures are few and fully explained. The map and the Aeronautical Chart and Information Cen­ also shows selected structural features, and assumed ter, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, and basement-connected intrusive igneous rocks of all ages. the Naval Oceanographic Office, Department of The latter are divided as to geologic system by colors, Defense. These maps, which cover the area from and to type, mafic or f elsic, by patterns. The map is at a long 63° W. to 133° W., include bathymetric, geo­ scale twice as large as the basement-rock map of North logic, gravity, and magnetic maps at a scale America that was published in 1967.24 of 1:1,000,000, seismic profiles at a scale of 1:1,000,000, and radiometric age determinations ^American Association of Petroleum Geologists and U.S. Geological plotted at a scale of 1: 7,500,000. The maps are in Survey, 1967, Basement map of North America between latitudes 24° and 60° N.: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. Survey, scale 1: 5,000,000. press and will be published as Geological Survey A46 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Maps 1-531 Radiometric dating and other new data will permit a through 1-537. better classification of the Precambrian rocks, and of 3. Metamorphic map of North America, scale 1: 2,500,- Phanerozoic plutonic and volcanic rocks. 000. This map is being compiled for the Subcom- Paleotectonic maps mission for the Cartography of the Metamorphic The Geological Survey's program for compilation of Belts of the World, a part of the Commission for paleotectonic maps of the conterminous United States the Geologic Map of the World, which is affiliated for each geologic system is continuing. Three folios, with the International Geological Congress and consisting of maps and accompanying text, have been the International Union of Geological Sciences. published: the Jurassic System, in 1956; tbn Triassic Work on the map is being carried out in conjunc­ System, in 1959; and the Permian System in 1967. Maps tion with other national geological surveys in and texts for folios on the Pennsylvanian and Missis- North America, with H. L. James, of the U.S. sippian Systems are in preparation. Geological Survey, as chairman. In applicable Folios for each geologic system contain two sets of areas the map will show isograds (based on min­ maps: a factual set at a scale of 1:5,000,OCO, and an erals in pelitic schists), regional metamorphic interpretive set mostly at a scale of 1:10,000,000. The facies, and metamorphic-facies series. Although first set includes maps showing thickness of the system, considerable generalization is necessary, the map the thickness and lithofacies of divisions of the system will be useful in portraying broad regional meta­ that have been broadly correlated for the conntry as a morphic trends, in revising and in formulating whole, and geologic maps that show the distrfbution of tectonic concepts, and in considering large-scale rocks underlying and rocks overlying the system. The expressions of geothermal and geobaric gradients second set of maps shows reconstruction of the principal as evidenced by metamorphic-mineral assemblages. tectonic elements that influenced deposition, r nd identi­ 4. Geologic map of Arizona, scale 1: 500,000. This map fies some of the environments of deposition and the was compiled in cooperation with the Arizona Bu­ major directions of sediment transport. reau of Mines and is being prepared for publication as a single sheet by the U.S. Geological Survey. New geologic maps of Appalachian region The senior author was the late E. D. Wilson, of the A number of new State geologic maps of the north­ Arizona Bureau. The map was compiled from pub­ ern Appalachian region have been published during lished and unpublished detailed maps and exten­ the past 15 years, at scales of 1:250,000 and 1: 500,000. sive reconnaissance mapping of intervening areas These have made it worthwhile to prepare a map of the by the Arizona Bureau of Mines and the U.S. entire region at a scale of 1:1,250,000 that covers the Geological Survey. It shows more than 75 geologic- area between the Delaware River and the Gulf of St. map units by colors and supplants the map pub­ Lawrence. The new map, compiled by W. S. White, will lished nearly 50 years ago and long out of print. be much more generalized than the 1932 geologic map Features not shown on the old map include fold of the United States in that only 11 kinds of geologic axes, many more faults, and a more detailed and units are differentiated, but it will embody a large num­ up-to-date breakdown of formations. The synthesis ber of the many revisions, reinterpretations, and reloca­ of recent data on the structural features and the tions of geologic boundaries made since the older map distribution, lithology, and age relationships of was published. The map will show the varions units by rock units should aid in many kinds of earth- black-and-white patterns. The map, at a scale of science investigations, including the search for new 1: 500,000 and printed in black and red, is also to be used mineral and fuel deposits. in a forthcoming book on the northern Appalachian Geologic map of United States region. The geologic map of the United States, scale Several new State geologic maps of the central and 1: 2,500,000, is being revised by P. B. King, assisted by southern Appalachians have recently been published, H. M. Beikman. This new compilation by the U.S. and a considerable amount of new data has become Geological Survey will supersede the existing version, available. This new information has been ircorporated issued in 1932, and will illustrate the vast increase in by J. C. Reed, Jr. (r!414), in a revised tectonic map of knowledge of the areal geology in the United States the crystalline belt of the central and soutl «.rn Appa­ that has occurred in the past 35 years. The new map lachians betwen the Hudson River and Alrbama. The will present a better unification of stratigraphic units revised map (scale 1:2,500,000) uses the sp.me format and a simplification of the existing map explanation. and symbols as the 1961 tectonic map of the United WATER RESOURCES A47

States, but shows a more up-to-date interpretation of in 16 parts: 14 parts (determined by drainage basins) the stratigraphy and structure of the Blue Ridge and for the 48 conterminous States and 1 each for Alaska Piedmont provinces. The map will also soon appear as and Hawaii. The reports on water quality are published an illustration in a book on the central and southern annually. The water-quality records are grouped in Appalachians. terms of the same drainage basins used for the reports A geologic map of Appalachia has recently been pub­ on surface-water supply. The reports on ground-water lished by the U.S. Geological Survey as a plate that levels, in 6 parts which represent geographical sections accompanies a report on the mineral resources of the of the country, represent 5-year periods, although the Appalachian region (U.S. Geol. Survey and U.S. Bur. periods are staggered so that 1 part ends in each of 4 of Mines, r0924, pi. 2). The map shows 39 geologic units successive years and 2 end in the fifth year. In addition and was compiled by D. P. Cox, E. L. Miller, A. A. to all these basic-data reports, another series of Water- Drake, Jr., and J. B. Hadley from published and un­ Supply Papers describes the magnitude and frequency published sources. of floods for the entire country, by drainage-basin areas, and another series describes notable floods each year. WATER RESOURCES Areal investigations of water resources are made largely in cooperation with State, local, or Federal agen­ The U.S. Geological Survey investigates the occur­ cies listed on page A209. These studies include the vari­ rence, availability, and quality of surface and under­ ous aspects of the geologic and hydrologic environ ment ground waters and the sediment discharge of streams. that relate to the occurrence and movement of water on A national hydrologic-data network provides basic data the surface and underground. Such studies of water on the status of the nation's water resources. During resources stress the evaluation of sources of supply, 1968, discharge and water-level data for surface waters chemical and physical composition, computation of the were collected at about 8,700 stream-gaging stations quantity available for use, description of the direction and about 1,250 lake- and reservoir-level stations. The and rate of movement, evaluation of fluctuations in flow, quality of surface waters was monitored at about 2,450 and determination of disposition of the supply as use, stations chemical, temperature, and sediment data waste, or outflow. were collected. Continuous or periodic measurements of Diversified water-resources investigations ar^ in ground-water levels were made in about 30,000 regular progress in nearly every State. These fall into two gen­ network and project observation wells. eral categories: "area" and "systems" studies. Area Included among these observation stations are about studies cover investigations of specific hydrologic prob­ 47 hydrologic bench-mark stations which had been lems within an area, generally a political subdivision established by the end of the fiscal year. Each of these the problems of a municipality, a county, or a State. is in a small basin, as yet unaffected or little affected by Systems studies, on the other hand, are investigations man's activities, in which long-term hydrologic obser­ of the hydrologic environment of natural units sroh as vations will be made. At present, in addition to the a river basin or isolated valley or a major aquifer, stream gaging of each basin, water samples are being whose area may include a number of political rnbdi- collected for analysis. These observations provide a visions. The purpose of these investigations is to deter­ basis for (1) understanding hydrologic changes that mine the effect on the hydrologic system of changes in may occur in nearby basins as a result of man's in­ any part of it for example, to predict how use of fluence, and (2) documenting natural long-term hydro- ground water in one municipality may influence st~eam- logic changes. flow in another part of a river system. Basic hydrologic data collected by the Geological Investigations stressing the economic aspects of water Survey are published in the following Water-Supply as a resource are treated in the following section under four regions (fig. 4), which correspond to the adminis­ Paper series of the Geological Survey : trative subdivisions of the Water Eesources Division. "Surface Water Supply of the United States," In this section the names of the principal persons respon­ "Quality of Surface Waters of the United States," sible for carrying out the investigations are in paren­ and theses at the end of each paragraph. "Ground-Water Levels in the United States." Geological Survey participation in the International The surface-water-supply series, formerly published Hydrologic Decade, a 10-year cooperative international annually, is being published at 5-year intervals begin­ effort in scientific hydrology, was continued. This par­ ning with the period 1961-65. Each series of reports is ticipation is discussed in the volume where appropriate. A48 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS

FIGURE 4. Index map of the conterminous United States, showing areal subdivisions used in discussion of water resources.

DATA COORDINATION, ACQUISITION, March 1968 by the Water Resources Council. Coverage AND STORAGE under the "Catalog of Information on Water Data" was extended to include ground-water observation stations, OFFICE OF WATER DATA COORDINATION areal investigations, and miscellaneous activities of Fed­ eral agencies. In addition, the surface-water and water- The coordination of water-data activities under guide­ quality sections were updated to July 1,1967, and non- lines established in Bureau of the Budget Circular A-67 Federal agencies were invited to submit sta.tion infor­ has proceeded along three fronts: (1) design of a na­ mation on surface-water and water-quality stations that tional water-data network, (2) coordination of acquisi­ they operated. Thus, the "Catalog of Information on tion of water data, and (3) the updating and expansion Water Data" now contains the following sections, with of the "Catalog of Information on Water Data" and information as of July 1967: data-acquisition activities. 1. Surface-water stations reported by Federal and Continuing effort on network design resulted in de­ non-Federal agencies; velopment of the basic elements of the national water- 2. Water-quality stations reported by Federal and data network. The conterminous United States was non-Federal agencies; divided into 300 hydrographic units, and arrays of sta­ 3. Ground-water stations reported by Federal tions were selected out of each unit for accounting of agencies; surface-water quantity and quality parameters. The 370 4. Areal investigations and miscellaneous activities station sites selected, most of which are currently active reported by Federal agencies. stream-gaging stations, account for about 95 percent of the surface outflow from each of the 300 units. The All the station-type operations reported irvolved re­ station sites were selected with a view to their suit­ petitive observations for a period of 3 or more years. ability for collection of water-quality data as \vell. Indexes to each section, and maps showing the location Moreover, the 300 units have been designed to be com­ of water-quality and surface-water station? contained patible with water-resources regions designated in in the 1967 edition of the catalog, were published. WATER RESOURCES A49

WATER-DATA STORAGE SYSTEM which are briefly reported below, provide basic data and interpretations for use in such management. Figures of daily discharge collected by the Geological Survey at regular streamflow stations for about 150,000 INTERSTATE STUDIES station years of record are stored on a set of 23 magnetic tapes. This covers more than half of all the streamflow North Atlantic coast regional water-resources study data collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation A study of the north Atlantic coast region, the drain­ with State and municipal and other agencies. The data age area extending from southern Virginia through are stored in discrete units of daily figures for water Maine, was initiated in fiscal year 1967 in cooperation discharge from each gaging station for each month; with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The study in­ thus, the data are compatible with a variety of statistical cludes determination of the yield of wells in various for­ programs for analysis on the basis of calendar years, mations, the volume of recharge to the various forma­ water years, climatic years, or any other desired time tions, the relationship of ground water to surface water period. in the various terranes, the quality of the ground wpter, An automated system of storage and retrieval of sur­ and finally the cost of developing ground water face-water-quality data has been used since October in the various areas from the different rock formations. 1959. All data collected since then have been entered into Ground-water runoff rates for the glaciated par1: of the system, within which they have been separated into the region (the six New England States plus parts of five basic groups: New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) were esti­ 1. Surface-water chemical and physical analyses mated from an analysis of stream-discharge data. 2. Suspended sediment Ground-water runoff determined for 14 basins by hydro- 3. Water temperature graph-separation methods was compared with f->w- 4. Specific conductance duration curves for the basins; from the comparison it 5. Multi-item data collected by digital monitors. was concluded that a stream discharge equaled or ex­ The Geological Survey has coded data in machine ceeded 60 percent of the time as shown by flow-duration form for about 22,000 ground-water wells and from curves, could be used to estimate ground-water runoff about 13,000 chemical analyses of water from these rapidly and without excessive error. Ground-water run­ wells. The file, which uses the latitude-longitude system off rates range from about 0.14 mgd per sq mi in basins for locating wells, includes information relative to State, where impermeable bedrock is overlain by till to about county, use of water, use of well, depth, drilling method, 0.72 mgd per sq mi in basins were substantial amonnts drilling date, yield, water levels, physiographic data, of stratified drift overlie till and bedrock. (J. A. Baker) aquifers, lithology, and, when available, quality-of- New knowledge was derived from a recently com­ water data. pleted study of yields of deep wells in consolidated rocks. Although the yield of a single well in hard ricks ATLANTIC COAST REGION cannot be predicted, a reasonable estimate of the aver­ age yield of five wells can be made where the well? are The Atlantic coast region (fig. 4), although generally widely spaced. The values obtained are much larger characterized by the availability of moderate to large than the average yield given in many reports. Because supplies of water, has a number of problems relating reliable records for domestic wells, even deep domestic to the practicability and economics of developing those wells, are generally not available, only records for supplies and the protection of supplies already de­ groups of industrial and municipal wells can be used. veloped. Problems of quantity range from temporary Final estimates are based on a simple arithmetic aver­ excesses during floods to possible shortages during age of all such wells 350 feet or more deep in the area droughts, as well as to the makeup of rocks forming the of study, but yields of shallow wells greater than the natural underground reservoirs. Problems of quality in­ average yield of all deep wells must be included ir the clude those of salt-water encroachment into surface- and overall averaging. Where drawdown given at a stated ground-water reservoirs near many coastal population yield was small, only a small empirical increase in yield centers, and the pollution of numerous streams and some was made for adjustment to 100 feet of drawdown. Pro­ ground-water reservoirs by municipal and industrial jection of yield of wells of intermediate depth to prob­ wastes. In general the solution of many of these prob­ able yield at greater depth was not attempted. Ore or lems lies in early recognition of actual or potential two particularly high yields in an area probably reflect danger areas and appropriate action by water managers. special conditions and were ordinarily omitted. The The investigations of the Geological Survey, many of average yield of 5 widely spaced deep wells in the A50 RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS dominant rock types in the north Atlantic region was stone and shale aquifers are smaller than 0.75. The mean found to range from 40 gpm in shale to 50 gpm in specific capacities of the carbonate-rock and sandstone gneiss and (in New England) 90 gpm in schist, granite, aquifers are greater than 1.0 and those of th->, shale and and metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks, and to 160 gpm metamorphic-rock aquifers are less than 1.0. Glacial in sandstone and 300 gpm in limestone. (D. J. deposits have mean specific capacities greater than 10, Cederstrom) but have a wide range in standard deviations. Inter- A large volume of data on the water resources of the bedded lithologies have intermediate statistical coeffi­ Atlantic Coastal Plain section of the area is being com­ cients. For regional planning purposes, the probability piled and studied. The ground-water reservoir compris­ distributions in combination with hypothetical well ing all the Pliocene and Pleistocene rocks of the coastal designs were used to predict reasonable ranges in well plain (exceeding 20 feet of saturated thickness) and yields, the chances of a successful well, and ground- the Cohansey Sand of New Jersey contains 100 million water costs for each aquifer. The statistical coefficients acre-ft (3.3X107 million gal) of water. This reservoir allow quantitative definition and comparison of aquifer has a volume of 3.41 X108 acre-ft and a recharge area capability and variability on a regional basis with pos­ of 9,300 sq mi. Analyses of streamflow records indicate sible computer applications. (P. R. Seaber) that ground-water outflow ranged from near 0.5 mgd per sq mi in the southern part of Virginia, where the NEW ENGLAND reservoir has a low percentage of sand, to more than Water resources of Deerfield-Hoosier Riv*r basins, 1 mgd per sq mi in the northern sector, where the reser­ Massachusetts voir is 75 to 90 percent sand. The aquifers of Cretaceous Test drilling in the Deerfield River basin, northwest­ age common to all States in this coastal-plain area have ern Massachusetts, shows the valley of the main stem an estimated daily production capacity of 1 billion gal­ to be underlain in large part by as much as 100 feet of lons and a recharge area in excess of 1,700 sq mi. (G. R. glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine materials. Most of the Tarver) deposits penetrated are fine grained and yiel'l only very Delaware River basin runoff summaries small ground-water stipplies in the valley along the A digital-computer program to summarize stream- main stem; however, coarser deposits may b^ present in flow for a 40-year period in chronological, cumulative places as discontinuous stringers. Several trbutary val­ chronological, and numerical-order tabulations has leys contain coarse fluvial materials from which sub­ been developed using runoff figures representing natural stantial yields may be expected. Fine-grained materials flow in the Delaware River basin. Included in the sum­ predominate in the Connecticut lowland portion of the maries are average monthly and yearly discharges in Deerfield basin, and in general the presence of coarse various units; maximum, minimum, and median materials at depth cannot yet be demonstrated. Unde­ monthly and yearly discharges; cumulative volumes of sirably high concentrations of iron, manganese, or flow; and ranked monthly and yearly discharge figures. hardness are common where acceptable yields have been (D. P. Bauer) developed. Low-flow measurements in tin Deerfield Natural-flow figures for the pilot study were deter­ River basin indicate an average yield of 0.26 cfs per mined by estimating runoff for periods of no record and sq mi as compared to 0.42 for the Hoosic River basin, adjusting observed streamflow figures for diversion, Massachusetts, which has a larger area of unconsoli- change in storage, and evaporation from manmade dated surficial deposits. (L. G. Toler and F. B. Gay) reservoirs in excess of what probably would have Water availability in Southwick, Mass. occurred without the impoundments. (E. G. Miller and Hydrologic and geophysical data have been collected O. O. Williams) for a water-availability study of the Great Brook Regional statistical aquifer coefficients aquifer in Southwick, Hampden County, southwestern Specific capacities plotted on log-probability paper Massachusetts. The data confirm the presence of a deep, form log-normal distributions for all 68 aquifer units narrow northward-trending preglacial valley filled with analyzed in the Susquehanna River basin. Thus, the outwash and ice-contact sediments of Wisconsinan Age. geometric mean specific capacity of the plot defines The coarser components of these deposits have a median aquifer capability and the standard deviation defines permeability of 2,400 gpd per sq ft within an area of aquifer variability. The statistical coefficients of the approximately 2,000 acres. Saturated thicknesses that major lithologic units form distinct groupings. The vary from 60 to over 150 feet permit the development standard deviations of carbonate- and metamorphic- of wells yielding up to 2,000 gpm. Discharge per area rock aquifers are greater than 0.75 and those of sand­ (Q/A) values determined at base flow fall into two WATER RESOURCES A51 categories: (1) where the glaciofluvial material is less as 150 feet. Most of the other large stream valleys in than 15 percent, Q/A=0.l cfs per sq mi, and (2) where these counties are filled with finer grained glrcial the glaciofluvial material is greater than 50 percent, lacustrine sediments and, therefore, do not contain Q/A is directly proportional to transmissibility and aquifers in which large municipal or industrial ground- ranges between 0.1 to 0.6 cfs per sq mi. From this cal­ water supplies can be developed. (M. H. Frimpter) culation it was determined that 65 percent of the water Quality of water of western Oswego River basin entering Lake Congamond at low flow is discharged as ground water through glacial sediments to the north In the northern part of the Oswego Eiver basin, in and then into Great Brook. (W. E. Meyer, E. A. north-central New York along the Erie Barge Csnal, Brackley, and W. B. Fleck) much of the ground water is of poor chemical quality. Chloride concentrations of several thousand milligrams Water resources of northern part of Ten Mile and Taunton per liter and sulfate concentrations of over 1,000 mg/1 River basins, Massachusetts are often found in the shallow ground water. However, The principal aquifers, which occupy about 7 percent several aquifers composed of glacial outwash ar°- in of a 195-sq-mi area in the Ten Mile and Taunton Eiver hydraulic connection with the barge canal. Large- basins, southeastern Massachusetts, consist of stratified capacity wells drilled in these aquifers near the c-r.nal fine to coarse sandy gravel that ranges from 20 to 90 would be recharged by a better quality water from the feet in thickness. The estimated average annual sus­ canal than is now available in the aquifers, and they tained yield of the 13 principal aquifers is about 31 would thereby provide several million gallons per day mgd, not including water that may be infiltrated to of water of satisfactory quality. (L. J. Grain and J. B. wells from streams and ponds, but may be only 18 mgd Hood, Jr.) during a drought year such as 1965. Other aquifers, Hydrology of Lake Champlain upper Hudson River region capable of furnishing relatively small amounts of water to individual wells, include deltaic sand, sand and gravel A hydrologic study of 6,108 sq mi of the Lake Cl am- buried beneath fine-grained lacustrine deposits, and also plain and upper Hudson Eiver basins, in the northeast­ include certain coarse stratified deposits that have a ern part of New York, indicates that the average annual saturated thickness of less than 20 feet. Bedrock wells volume of precipitation is about 553 billion cu ft, which yield as much as 100 gpm, but their average yield is is equivalent to 39 inches over the entire region. Yearly only 8 gpm. (J. E. Williams) average runoff is about 328 billion cu ft. It is estimated that the extensive sand and sand-and-gravel deposits Ground-water reconnaissance of Vermont in the vicinity of Glens Falls have a safe yield of 50C 000 In northern Vermont the headwater sections of the gpd per sq mi. A previously uninvestigated artesian Lamoille, Missisquoi, Barton, Clyde, Nulhegan, and system formed by the sandstone and carbonate rocks Passumpsic Eivers, and the entire length of the Coati- of the Champlain valley in the vicinity of Plattsburgh cook and Sutton Eivers, have excellent ground-water discharges an estimated 11 mgd directly to Lake Cl am- potential. Lacustrine silt and clay, and shallow depths plain. (G. L. Giese and W. A. Hdbba, Jr.) to bedrock, limit the ground-water potential of Pleisto­ cene materials in the Lake Champlain islands and in NEW JERSEY much of the lowlands east of the lake. The Connecticut Eiver valley has a good-to-excellent ground-water Delineation of a buried-valley aquifer in northeastern potential north of Lemington, Vt., but from that point New Jersey southward it is generally filled with fine-grained A bedrock topographic map (W. D. Nichols, r!093) material with low permeability. (A. L. Hodges, Jr.) and subsurface exploratory data delineate a buried val­ ley system entrenched in Triassic rocks and filled with NEW YORK glaciofluvial sand and gravel deposits in eastern Mor­ ris and western Essex Counties. The valley-fill aquifer Ground water in Orange and Sullivan Counties is as much as 100 feet thick and is overlain in most Glacial-outwash deposits in the Neversink Eiver and places by glaciolacustrine sediments. The transmissivity Basher Kill valleys in southeastern New York are of the aquifer determined from pumping-test data is on capable of yielding as much as 100 mgd of water. The the order of 100,000 to 300,000 gpd per ft. Numerous valley-train aquifer extends southwestward 21 miles towns in the area obtain water supplies from this aqui­ from a large Wisconsinan recessional moraine at Sum- fer, which yields as much as 2,200 gpm to properly con­ mitville in Sullivan County. The aquifer has an average structed large-diameter wells. (John Vecchioli, W. D. width of about one-half mile and a thickness of as much Nichols, and Bronitis Nemickas) A52 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

Ground-water yield in Ramapo River basin nesses are 100 to 200 feet in the overdeepened parts of The sustained ground-water yield of the Ramapo the valley, but less than 100 feet in the shallower parts. River basin in the northeastern part of New Jersey At one site, in Shelton, wells 200 feet deep yield 2,100 averages 100,000 to 200,000 gpd per sq mi for the upland to 2,500 gpm each, with drawdowns of about 50 to 100 areas underlain by gneiss and 200,000 to 300,000 gpd per feet. (W.E.Wilson) sq mi for the upland areas underlain by the drift-cov­ ered sandstone and shale of the Brunswick Formation. PENNSYLVANIA These values, obtained from baseflow measurements Geohydrology of Lower Mississippian rocks of Shenango on tributary streams, represent only a few tenths of the and Stoneboro quadrangles total runoff of 1.2 mgd per sq mi from the basin as a A study of about 80 geophysical logs, in^uding many whole. (John Vecchioli and E. G. Miller) logs of abandoned oil and gas wells, has made it possible to map the stratigraphy and extrapolate the ground- CONNECTICUT water potential of deep bedrock formations not usually Water resources of upper Housatonic River basin penetrated by water wells in the Shenango and Stone­ Mapping of the stratified glacial-drift aquifers in the boro 15-minute quadrangles in Mercer County, north­ upper Housatonic River basin in western Connecticut western Pennsylvania. The Corry Sandstone of north­ indicates that large sustained withdrawals of ground ern Pennsylvania overlies the Berea Sandstone by less water are possible. Surface water and ground water in than 1 to about 10 feet in the Stoneboro quadrangle. the basin are generally of good quality; specific conduct­ It is about 30 feet thick at the eastern edge of the quad­ ance and hardness of water in those areas underlain rangle, but it thins out and disappears in the western by marble or mantled by glacial drift containing car­ part of the quadrangle. An unidentified sandstone in bonate fragments are higher than in parts of the basin the southern part of the Stoneboro quadrangle lies be­ underlain by noncarbonate rocks. At 90-percent dura­ tween the Berea and Cussewago Sandstorms. In many tion flow under natural conditions, streams draining places the Berea contains saline water, and in some of areas of carbonate rocks show a specific-conductance these places such as the southwestern par4^ of the She­ range of 322 to 393 micromhos/cm whereas streams in nango quadrangle the Berea is underlain by the Cusse­ noncarbonate-rock areas have a range of 33 to 183 wago, which is potentially a good aquifer. Drillers that /xmhos/cm. The carbonate hardness range is respectively generally stop drilling when they find saline water in the 166 to 188 mg/1 and 8 to 82 mg/1. Manganese is present Berea should drill deeper and test the Cussewago. How­ in potentially troublesome concentrations; 22 low-flow ever, the Cussewago is generally thin ?nd contains stream samples representative of the basin and 22 saline water in the Stoneboro quadrangle. (G. R. ground-water samples from 6 wells show median man­ Schiner and G. E. Kimmel) ganese concentrations of 0.13 mg/1 and 0.11 mg/1, re­ Ground water in Martinsburg Formation spectively. (M. A. Cervione, Jr., R, L. Melvin, and D. L. Data from more than 400 wells in Northampton Mazzaferro) County and 150 wells in Lehigh County, both in south­ Water resources of lower Housatonic River basin eastern Pennsylvania, that penetrate the Martinsburg Contouring of the buried bedrock floor of the Housa­ Formation of Ordovician age show a systematic change tonic River valley between Shepaug Dam and Derby, in the yield of the formation's three members. Wells in southwestern Connecticut, has shown that the relative the upper member have the highest yield and those in amount of glacial overdeepening was controlled in part the lower member have the lowest yield. Median yields by the directional trend of valley segments. The evi­ of public supply and industrial wells were 158 gpm in dence ^suggests that segments trending north and north- the upper member, 48 gpm in the middle member, and northwest are greatly overdeepened compared to seg­ 30 gpm in the lower member. Wells witl the highest ments trending in other directions. Knowledge of this yield may be somewhat more favorably situated with directional control may be useful in guiding explora­ respect to recharge than the others mentioned. Most of tion for large ground-water supplies in the valley. Some the water was obtained at depths of less than 200 feet; parts of the stratified-drift aquifer are relatively fine however, deep water-bearing zones were reported in grained. Hence, locations for high-yield wells cannot each of the members. The deepest reported zone, which be found everywhere. However, there is a high poten­ is in the middle member, is at a depth of 775 feet below tial for induced infiltration, particularly in the over- land surface. Well depths in the middle member are also deepened segments where the thickness of saturated greater than those of the other two members. (C. W. deposits is greatest. Maximum known saturated thick­ Poth) WATER RESOURCES A53

Water resources of Lehigh County historically, there has been little vertical flow between Wells yielding several hundred gallons per minute these aquifers. (W. E. Webb J are common in the carbonate rocks of Lehigh County, Hydrologic testing of buried valley near Salisbury east-central Pennsylvania. The median specific capacity Hydrologic characteristics of valley-filling deposits of wells in the carbonate rocks is about 7.4 gpm per foot near Salisbury, southeastern Maryland, were deter­ of drawdown. The principal streams flowing across the mined by a 30-day test in which the effects of pumping area underlain by carbonate rocks go dry in some 4,000 gpm from a production well were observed in 17 reaches during periods of drought. The Little Lehigh wells and 5 stream-gaging stations. Data showed that: Creek went dry in 1963 for the first time in 25 years (1) Water levels did not stabilize by the end of the and has been dry for periods of several months in each pumping period; (2) the transmissivity of the aquifer year since 1963. No-flow conditions in the Little Lehigh Creek result primarily from the lowering of the water near the production well is at least 400,000 gpd per ft.; table below the stream channel during severe droughts. (3) water in the aquifer is artesian; (4) static water Jordan Creek has been dry during part of the summer level was 19.91 feet above sea level after 30 days of or fall in at least 15 of the last 32 years. The largest pumping and, drawdown in the pumping well was ?4.23 measured water loss from 5.5 miles of the channel of feet; (5) specific capacity of the production well was Jordan Creek to the underlying carbonate rocks is 39 165 gpm per ft. after 30 days of pumping; (6) discharge cfs. The stage-loss relationship indicates that an in­ measurements on nearby Little Burnt Branch showed crease in stage of 1 foot during low-flow periods can that most of the normal 4 cfs flow of the stream was cause the loss to increase from 5 to 35 cfs. Water lost drawn into the aquifer; and (7) the water contains from Jordan Creek flows northward into the carbonate about 50 mg/1 of dissolved solids and less than 0.5 mg/1 rocks underlying the adjoining Coplay Creek basin and of iron, with no significant change noted during tiH 30 then eastward to the Lehigh River. Studies of coliform days of pumping. (F. K. Mack and W. O. Thomas) bacteria in ground water in semirural localities that are without public sewage systems indicate that 22 percent NORTH CAROLINA of the drilled wells used for private and semipublic supplies have been polluted by domestic wastes. (C. R. Ground-water resources of Belhaven and vicinity Wood, H. E. Flippo, Jr., and J. B. Lescinsky) A sand and shell aquifer in the Yorktown Formation offers a new source for municipal and domestic supplies MARYLAND in the Belhaven area about 150 sq mi in Beaufort Barrier-beach artesian-water supply County, east-central North Carolina. The aquifer con­ Studies made in cooperation with the National Park tains water of quality similar to that in the Castle Hayne Service indicate that the texture of the Yorktown For­ Limestone, which is the principal aquifer in the area. mation becomes more uniform from north to south off The Yorktown aquifer shows no apparent effects from the coast of Maryland along Assateague Island, result­ heavy pumping in a nearby phosphate-mining area. ing in less lithologic difference between aquifer and Gravel-packed 8-inch-diameter wells in this aquifer may aquiclude material. A lens of fresh water (less than 250 yield 450 gpm or more when spaced 1,000 feet apart. mg/1 chloride) occupies the formation near the north The specific capacity of the wells is about 9.5 gpm end of the island and appears to wedge-out to the south per foot of drawdown. (O. B. Lloyd, Jr., and E. O. near the Maryland-Virginia line at a depth of about Floyd) 300 feet. (E. F. Hollyday) Ground-water resources of New Hanover County Ground-water quality of two Eocene aquifers in part of Maryland coastal plain ' Ground-water supplies are available in three perme­ able zones throughout most of New Hanover County in Ground-water-quality maps for the two most heavily pumped artesian aquifers underlying Talbot, Dorches­ southeastern North Carolina. Salt water occurs in all ter, Calvert, and St. Marys Counties show that the hard­ zones below a depth of 180 feet in the northwestern part ness and iron content decrease downdip as the dissolved- of the county and below 340 feet in the southern and solids content increases. These water-quality variations, eastern parts. Yields of about 200 gpm can be obtained believed to be due to cation exchange, suggest: (1) a from properly constructed wells in the northwestern historic flow pattern different than the flow pattern part of the county, and yields of about 400 gpm can be based on the present piezometric surface, and (2) that, obtained in the east-central part. (G. L. Bain) A54 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

SOUTH CAROLINA aquifer at a rate of about 400 gpm. Once the high- chloride water has invaded the aquifer, it flows toward Water resources of Spartanburg County the center of the major cone of depression at an average A study of the water-supply potential of Spartan- rate of 300 feet per year. (D. O. Gregg) burg County, northwestern South Carolina, indicates that about 250 mgd is available from surface-water FLORIDA sources at least 90 percent of the time. Industrial and domestic uses are in excess of 30 mgd, or from 12 to Water production and use in Jacksonville arsa 15 percent of the available supply. The predominant In the Jacksonville area in northeastern Florida consumption is by the textile industry, which requires most of the surface streams contain relatively brackish about 15 mgd for processing purposes. Natural stream- water, and all the potable supplies must b-} obtained flow is generally insufficient for the dilution of addi­ from wells in the Floridan aquifer or fro*n shallow tional untreated waste, and it appears that the deciding semiartesian aquifers. Between 180 and 20C mgd was factor in further industrial growth may be the problem withdrawn from these aquifers in 1966 for public, of water quality rather than quantity. (W. M. industrial and commercial supplies, and about 860 mgd Bloxham) was taken from surface streams for generating electricity. (G. W. Leve) Water resources of Pickens County A reconnaissance appraisal of the surface- and Chemical character of Florida streams ground-water resources of Pickens County, a 401-sq-mi Analysis of the water of Florida streams in relation area in northwestern South Carolina, indicates an to the controlling environment indicates extreme vari­ abundant supply of water of excellent quality. The ability in mineral content of the surface water. Over surface-water 7-day median low flow varies from 0.3 large parts of the State, and especially at high flows, cfs per sq mi in the southern section of the county to the water tends to be acidic and high in botl color and more than 0.9 cfs per sq mi in the mountainous north. organic-iron complexes, reflecting the influence of Stream water has a low dissolved-solids content, except vegetation and soils. In other parts of the S+ate and at for a few streams that receive wastes. Ground water of low flows, the quality of stream water approaches that of excellent quality can be obtained at most locations in the principal hard alkaline ground-water aquifers, Pickens County. The yield of most wells ranges from 1 thereby emphasizing the close interrelation of surface to 300 gpm, and averages 21 gpm. One well in granite and ground water. Anomalies 'appear to reflect cultural gneiss that may be 'along a fault zone yields 500 gpm. influences. (M. I. Kaufman) An average yield of 48 gpm is obtained from wells Model studies of Hillsborough River basin drilled for maximum yield, many of which are less A technique of synthesizing hydrograpl ^ is being than 350 feet deep. (F. A. Johnson, G. E. Siple, and used to predict peak flows at a streamflow measuring T. R. Cummings) station in the Hillsborough River basin, Hillsborough GEORGIA County, west-central Florida. Although the technique Ground-water quality at Brunswick can take into 'account duration of precipitation, ante­ cedent precipitation conditions, and season of the year, In a small area in Brunswick, southeastern Georgia, consideration of these parameters was not necessary to domestic wells tapping the principal artesian (lime­ predict peak flows to an accuracy of about ? percent of stone) aquifer yield water containing abnormally high the actual peak flows. (J. A. Mann) concentrations of iron. The 'area affected is just north of the center of a major cone of depression. Water from Hydrology of Highland Ridge area the overlying Miocene sands, which have a higher iron Progressive lowering of water levels and greater content, may be leaking downward. In part of the city water demands as a result of municipal anc1 industrial of Brunswick the principal artesian aquifer is re­ growth have prompted the search for additional water charged by brackish water leaking upward from an supplies in and near the city of Lakeland, Polk County, underlying brackish-water zone. For each 1 foot of central Florida. An alltime low aquifer head is attrib­ water-level decline, the chloride concentration increased uted to a decline in the cumulative departure from by about 30 mg/1 in a production well near the focus normal precipitation and the effect of punpage. The of contamination. Between December 1962 and Decem­ areas best suited to future water-supply d-welopment ber 1966, water containing an estimated 2,000 mg/1 of appear to be about 3 to 8 miles east and northeast of chloride invaded the upper water bearing zone of the Lakeland. (A. E. Coker) WATER RESOURCES A55

Hydrology of Dunedin area Ground water in Venice area The city of Dunedin is on a 10-mile-wide peninsula The West Coast Inland Navigation District has con­ on the west-central coast of Florida. Its water supply, nected Lemon Bay to Eoberts Bay with a canal through which is obtained from the Floridan aquifer underly­ the city of Venice, Sarasota County, on the west-central ing the peninsula, is endangered by salt-water encroach­ coast of Florida. Salt-water encroachment intc the ment, and pumpage from two wells has been curtailed Venice well field is possible because the water table because of high salinity. The water level in the aquifer has declined owing to drainage from the canal banks ranges from about 12 feet above mean sea level near and because the upper fresh water zones have been con­ the center of the peninsula to near sea level at the coast. taminated by salty water draining from the spoil The annual fluctuation of the water level in the area dredged from the canal during construction. The chlo­ is 1 to 2 feet. Pumpage from supply wells has increased ride content of water in the well adjacent to the spoil from about 1 mgd in 1957 to about 3 rngd in 1967, and area increased from about 60 to 500 mg/1 in about 6 average withdrawal from each supply well is about 450 months. Little if any sea-water intrusion is occurring, gpm. The period of highest discharge of all wells is however, because the water-table gradients are still to­ generally in the late spring months when rainfall and ward the canal. (Horace Sutcliffe, Jr.) water storage are lowest. Aquifer tests show that the cone of depression produced by pumping wells in the Potential of ground-water development in southern area is shallow and widespread, and therefore the pro­ Okaloosa County duction wells nearest the coast where the water levels The transmissibility of the Floridan aquifer in the are lowest are most susceptible to salt-water encroach­ coastal areas of Okaloosa County, western Florida, in­ ment. (E. N. Cherry) creases considerably from the Gulf coast inland. How­ Hydrology of western Collier County ever, public-supply wells used at present (1968) are located in areas of low permeability. By more judicious Flow measurements in Collier County indicate the availability of major shallow ground-water supplies. selection of well-field locations, by optimum well Most of the flow in a newly developed canal system in spacing, and by proper well construction, ground water the western part of the county is dervied from ground- can continue to be developed in southern Okaloosa water inflow from permeable material along reaches County without excessive production costs and without of the canals. At the Golden Gate Canal it ranges from the possibility of depleting the ground-water supply. 39 to 2,390 cfs, while at the Cocohatchee Eiver it ranges (J. B. Foster and C. A. Pascale) from 8.8 to 192 cfs. Large future water supplies may Hydrology of sanitary-landfill sites in Hillsborough County be developed by locating well fields adjacent to major Preliminary studies of the hydrology of sanitary- canals. Such well fields would be recharged by infiltra­ landfill sites in Hillsborough County, west-central coast tion from the canals during the dry seasons. The shal­ low ground-water supplies are important sources of of Florida, indicate that the undifferentiated deposits supply because deep aquifers are saline and because of sands and clays (Pliocene to Holocene) are about 50 along the coast the shallow aquifers may become con­ feet thick in the western part of the county and nbout taminated by sea water. (J. N. Crenshaw and H. J. 80 feet thick in the eastern part. A shallow water table Voegtle) occurs in the sands and clays at a depth of 2 to If feet throughout the area except in the highly permeable, The aquifer system in Clearwater area well-drained deep sands in the north-central part of the The city of Clearwater is on a coastal peninsula along county. That area contains the greatest concentration of west-central Florida. Most of the peninsula is under­ lain by saline water. Geophysical and geological logs drain sinks and the largest spring (maximum measured of a test well, 548 feet deep, in eastern Clearwater show discharge 163 cfs) in the county. Most of the water for that saline water occurs below 400 feet beneath beds public, industrial, and irrigation supplies in the ccmity of dense dolomite and limestone of very low vertical is pumped from the Floridan aquifer, which has a lower permeability. The presence of these beds retards up­ head than the shallow water-table aquifer. Thus it ap­ ward movement of the salt water into the fresh-water pears likely that the Floridan aquifer can be lo-^ally aquifer. However, salt water has intruded the aquifer contaminated by downward infiltration from sanitary- in some areas adjacent to the coast. Eecharge to the landfill areas, particularly where the head difference fresh-water aquifer appears to occur through sinks between the shallow and deep aquifers is increased by and other breaches in a relatively impermeable and heavy pumping from the deep aquifer. In 1967 four areally extensive clay layer. (M. J. Weitzner) sanitary landfills were in operation by the county, and

318-835 O - 68 - 5 A56 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS in 1968 four new sites were proposed. (J. W. Stewart evaluate more effectively and quantitatively the effects and R. V. Hanan) of water-resources development and management. At the same time, water-data networks are being ex­ PUERTO RICO panded and improved to provide more timely and relevant water information to serve the accelerating Water resources of central Guanajibo valley needs of the general public, water planners, a nd govern­ The Rio Guanajibo discharges an estimated minimum ment agencies concerned with water resources. Tradi­ of 20,000 acre-ft of water per year (30 cfs) from the tional as well as new methods are used in the search for central Guanajibo valley, at the west end of the island. new sources of ground water, and saline ground water The discharge varies appreciably, and dry-season dis­ of marginal quality is being evaluated as a potential charges as low as 9 cfs have been measured. The valley resource. New challenges are being offered in the field contains two aquifers, one in alluvium and the other in of water management by an increasing array of prob­ limestone; together they are more than 200 feet thick lems related to underground storage of water and dis­ and contain an estimated minimum of 40,000 acre-ft of posal of liquid wastes. The programs are designed to ground water in transient storage. Most of the water is produce better knowledge of the subsurface hydrogeo- in limestone in the western part of the valley. About logic system in order to provide better solutions to these 4,000 acre-ft per year is pumped from the aquifers. problems. (R. B. Anders) Significant results of current studies in the mid- Salinity of water in Cano Tiburones continent region are reported below. Cafio Tiburones, a swampy area of about 8 sq mi along the north coast of Puerto Rico, is undergoing reclama­ MINNESOTA tion for agricultural purposes. The areal distribution Increased use of ground water for irrigation of fresh, saline, and sea-water zones in the caiio was delineated by comparison of the chemical and physical Irrigation during part of the growing season in Min­ characteristics of the surface and ground water in Caiio nesota has produced a significant increase in crop yield, Tiburones with those of sea water. Three major under­ resulting in intensified exploration for and development ground sea-water entrances have been detected in the of aquifiers capable of yielding large quantities of water north side of the cano, an area characterized by per- to wells. The Perham, Brooten, and Wadena areas in meaJble cemented sand dunes and limestone formations. west-central Minnesota are among several undergoing (J. R. Diaz) major irrigation development, and in these areas studies indicate significant potential for increased ground- Water in Coamo area water withdrawal. Analog models of the glacial aqui­ The 70 wells in the Coamo fan, an area of 25 sq mi in fers in the Brooten and Wadena areas are being con­ south-central Puerto Rico, pumped 51,000 acre-ft of structed to aid in predicting effects of ground-water ground water in 1967, resulting in an average net de­ pumpage under several possible development plans. cline of the water table of about 10 feet for the year. Comparison with water levels in 1960-61 reveals that In the Perham area the principal aquifer is approxi­ ground water is being mined and that most wells have mately 100 feet of glacial-outwash deposits. Additional pumped water levels below mean sea level. Unless re­ test-drilling in progress is expected to delineate the medial measures are taken, the Coamo fan will be areal extent and define the permeability of this aquifer. intruded with sea water in the near future. (E. V. (H. O. Reeder) Giusti) In the Brooten area the principal aquifer is less than MIDCONTINENT REGION 30 feet thick and of varying permeability; however, it is capable of yielding 1,000 gpm to wells in much of the An increasing variety is characteristic of the pro­ area and 500 gpm in about 60 percent of the area. (W. A. grams of water-resources investigations in the 14 States of the midcontinent region (fig. 4). The most notable Van Voast) program trends are (1) increasing emphasis on nat­ Studies in the Wadena area indicate thH sand and ural and man-induced quality-of-water conditions, (2) gravel units as much as 60 feet thick have trr.nsmissibili- measurement of new parameters that are relevant to ties that in some places exceed 100,000 gpi per ft. In today's problems of maintaining water-quality stand­ about 75 percent of the area the aquifer can yield about ards, (3) development of new methods to analyze the 300 gpm to wells, and in about 15 percent of the area complex relation between streamflow and the ground- yields are expected to exceed 1,000 gF*n. (G. F. water reservoir, and (4) use of computers and models to Lindholm) WATER RESOURCES

WISCONSIN Interaquifer movement of water in Cedar Rapids An analysis of quality and pressure-head data of Adequate future water supply in Fox River basin water from the Silurian and Jordan, aquifers indicates In the Fox River basin, southeastern Wisconsin, four interaquif ©r movement of the water through abandoned major aquifers can furnish adequate water supplies to deep wells in Cedar Rapids. The relatively shallow- meet projected needs through the year 1990. Fresh lying Silurian aquifer in Cedar Rapids and vicinity ground water is present to a depth of about 2,000 feet in is extensively developed for air conditioning and owl- most of the area. A dolomite aquifer, one of the four in ing purposes. The piezometric surface, which, was at the basin, has been contaminated by organic wastes. about 700 feet above sea level in the early 1900's, is pnr>es- The contamination is a potential health hazard in part ently at about 650 feet above sea level in the downtown of north-central Waukesha County, an area of rapid area. The total-dissolved-solids content of the water urban growth. (R. D. Hutchinson) from the Silurian aquifer throughout the county rar

Variability of ground water in Oakland County below the industrial complex decreased from about Yields of wells in Oakland County, southeastern 360 ing/1 to about -280 mg/1 when steel mills were not in Michigan, vary from a few gallons per minute to more production; and (4) about one-half the ^ulfate load in than 2,000 gpm owing to the heterogeneous nature of the Mahoning River was derived from ste°.l-mill wastes. the glacial deposits underlying the area. Haphazard (G. A. Bednar and C. R. Collier) deposition and extensive reworking of the deposits dur­ ing several subsequent glacier advances have resulted INDIANA in a complex geologic environment in which the areal Ground water in Wabash River basin extent, thickness, and permeability of aquifers are Sand and gravel deposits in buried bedrock valleys, difficult to delineate. Reasonably accurate prediction of which are the most productive aquifers in the Wabash well yields may depend on test drilling and evaluation River basin, yield as much as 2,000 gpm to wells. Lime­ of sand and gravel percentage, and permeability in the stone of Silurian age is the most productive of the vertical section penetrated. (F. R. Twenter) consolidated-rock aquifers, and yields as much as 500 Range in ground-water temperatures gpm in parts of the basin. (D. J. Nyman and R. A. Mean ground-water temperatures at a depth of ap­ Petti John) proximately 100 feet range from 43°F (6.1°C) in the ILLINOIS Upper Peninsula to 52°F (11.1°C) in the southern part Low-flow frequency in Illinois of the Lower Peninsula. The temperatures are for water Low-flow-frequency curves of Illinois streams can be that is unaffected by induced recharge, urbanization, or estimated from relationships based on the flow-duration other artificial influences that would cause temperature curve for a site. The relationships are based on a high changes. In addition, negligible heat conduction by degree of correlation between the shape cf the duration ground-water movement is assumed. Below a depth of curve and the pattern of the low-flow-frequency curves. 100 feet, the water is warmed in accordance with the For steep duration curves the corresponding frequency natural geothermal gradient of about 1.6°F (0.9°C) per curves are steep, widely spaced, and tend to be concave 100 feet of depth. Above the 65-foot depth, temperatures downward, whereas for flat duration curves the fre­ fluctuate as much as 20°F (11.1°C) about the mean. The quency curves are closely spaced and concave upward. amplitude of the fluctuation decreases with depth below Development of the equation model of the form Qc land surface and approaches zero at a depth of about 65 (Pt)~v for the frequency curve was practicable only feet. (P. R. Giroux and W. W. Wood) after devising a technique for transforming the recur­ OHIO rence-interval scale. In the above equation Qc is the average discharge for a specific period of time; i is the Ground water in northeastern Ohio intercept at the recurrence interval jPf = 1.0 year; and y The potential ground-water supply from the Berea is the slope of the frequency curve. The equation factors Sandstone is more extensive areally than previously were determined from multiple-regression analysis for thought. It is an important aquifer in all or parts of 16 long-term stations throughout Illinois. An obvious eight counties and yields more water to wells than do advantage of using this method of synthesizing fre­ the other consolidated rock units in northeastern Ohio. quency curves is that methods for synthesizing the The formation is about 50 feet thick and has an average duration curves at ungaged sites are available in a permeability of 60 gpd per sq ft; wells penetrating it report by Mitchell.25 (O. G. Lara) have an average specific capacity of about 1.5 gpm per foot of drawdown. (J. L. Rau and A. C. Sedam) MISSOURI Quality of surface water in Mahoning River basin Water quality in the Mahoning River basin, north­ Ground water in Missouri River valley eastern Ohio, is affected by increasing water use by A reconnaissance study of the ground-water resources industry particularly for cooling by steel mills and of the Missouri River alluvium in Missouri indicates other plants. Data on the quality of the river water show that about 7 million acre-ft of water is in storage in the that: (1) the water temperature is lower during higher saturated sands and gravels underlying the Missouri discharges, but increases with higher steel production; River flood plain. The aquifer is recharged by direct (2) the dissolved-oxygen content in the river above penetration of rainfall on the flood plain, by influent steel mills was almost always at acceptable levels, but water from streams, either from overbank flooding or below the mills it was less than 5 mg/1 for 67 percent 25 W. D. Mitchell, 1957, Flow duration of Illinois streams: Illinois of the time; (3) the dissolved-solids content in the river Dept. Public Works and Bldgs., Div. of Waterways, 189 p. WATER RESOURCES A59

sustained high river stage, and to a small extent by in ground-water storage which may be looked upon as underflow from bedrock aquifers. Wells drilled almost insurance for future water needs. (D. V. Whiitesic1-^) anywhere in the alluvium will yield several hundred gal­ Ground water in Tradewater River basin, west-cental lons per minute. However, by judicious test drilling and Kentucky proper design and construction, wells that yield over 2,000 gpm can be finished. The water in the alluvial The Pleistocene and1 Holocene alluvium, in the Trr de- deposits is a hard calcium bicarbonate or calcium- water River basin, from near the city of Providence magnesium bicarbonate type and generally contains upstream to about 9 miles southeast of Dawson more than 1.0 mg/1 of iron. This water is suitable for Springs, consists mostly of clays and silts with minor irrigation but must be treated for municipal and most amounts of sand

Aquifer traced in south-central Walsh County The Madison Limestone of Devonian and Mississip- The deltaic deposits associated with the sediments of pian age underlies most of the county and has potential glacial Lake Agassiz in Grand Forks County, north­ for large yields to wells where it is fractured or contains eastern North Dakota, have been traced northward for large solution channels. A well approximately 5,000 feet nearly 10 miles into the south-central portion of Walsh deep in the northeast part of the county penetrated County. Due to downcutting of the Forest River in about 190 feet of the Madison Limestone, and has a flow Holocene time, the deposits in Walsh County apparently estimated at 9,000 gpm. The water contains nearly 3,000 are not connected hydraulically with the deposits in mg/1 of dissolved solids and is classed as a sodium- Grand Forks County, but are similar to them in many calcium sulf ate water. Miocene and Pliocene rocks in the respects. The aquifer formed by this deltaic deposit in southwestern part of the county contain large, quantities Walsh County appears to be recharged mainly by direct of water having less than 1,000 mg/1 of dissolved solids. precipitation and runoff from the nearby till. Because The maximum saturated thickness of these rocks is esti­ the recharge is not through or across the relatively mated to be 1,000 feet. Ground water from deposits soluble bedrock of the region, the water from this aqui­ along Bates Creek in the southeastern part of the county fer is relatively low in total dissolved solids, generally could be used for irrigation and (or) to supplement the about 500 mg/1. (J. S. Downey) surface-water supplies. (M. A. Crist and M. E. Lowry)

Extensive aquifer located in McLean County SOUTH DAKOTA Test drilling shows that extensive water-bearing sand Temperature variations in flowing wells and gravel deposits (outwash and buried channels) underlie various parts of McLean County, central North Temperatures of water flowing from strati, of Creta­ Dakota. The specific conductance of the water from ceous age in wells of similar construction in South these deposits ranges from 400 to about 1,700 micro- Dakota are related to the depth of the well and the mhos. The data collected so far indicate that in places volume of discharge. For large volumes of discharge, the sand and gravel deposits may yield water to wells the temperature at the surface is very nearly that of at rates exceeding 1,000 gpm. (R. L. Klausing) the water in the formation. For wells of low flow, how­ ever, the temperature of the discharging water is not Elk Valley and Inkster aquifers in Grand Forks County as representative of formation temperature because it A study in Grand Forks County, northeastern North has been cooled during the relatively slow movement of Dakota, has revealed two major aquifers that are cap­ water up the casing. In 1960 a well producing water able of yielding adequate water for irrigation and in­ from the Minnelusa Sandstone from a dep^h of 2,225 dustrial purposes. The Elk Valley aquifer, the largest, feet discharged 75 gpm at a temperature of 39°C is located generally in the central part of the county and (102°F). In 1962, the flow had decreased to 24 gpm and has an area of more than 150 sq mi and an average the temperature to 36°C (97°F); in 1965, tH flow was thickness of more than 30 feet. The Inkster aquifer, 7 gpm and the temperature 32°C (90°F); and in 1967, which is located in the northwestern part of the county, the flow was 3 gpm and the temperature 27°C (81°F). is more limited in areal extent but equally productive. (D. G. Adolphson and E. F. LeRoux, p. D60-D62) Buried glacial aquifers in the eastern part of the county Aquifers evaluated in Charles Mix and Douglts Counties have been contaminated by more highly mineralized Buried-outwash aquifers underlie about 300 sq mi in water from the underlying Dakota Sandstone and Charles Mix and Douglas Counties, southeastern South Paleozoic rocks. (T. E. Kelly) Dakota. The aquifers consist of about 25 to 50 feet of sand and gravel at depths of 150 to 200 feet and are WYOMING confined to a major preglacial stream channel. The water level of these artesian aquifers ranges from a few feet Twenty-eight aquifers in Natrona County to about 100 feet below land surface. A water-table In Natrona County, central Wyoming, 28 aquifers aquifer in a surface outwash deposit, on the other hand, yield water to wells and springs. The aquifers range in has an areal extent of only about 12 sq mi; the deposit age from Precambrian to Quaternary. The ground is 20 to 45 feet thick. Preliminary chemical analyses water is variable in chemical quality, and in approxi­ show that the total dissolved solids of this water ranges mately 40 percent of the area contains more than 1,000 from 300 to 2,000 mg/1. Upper Cretaceous bedrock aqui­ mg/1 of dissolved solids. Water of suitable quality for fers that are used extensively in the area are the Nio- livestock can be withdrawn (or flows) from most of the brara Formation, the Codell Sandstone Member of the aquifers at well depths of less than 1,000 feet. Carlile Shale, and the Dakota Sandstone. (Jack Kume) WATER RESOURCES A63

Deep glacial aquifer Trend toward deep artesian wells in south-central S*uith A deep glacial aquifer, composed mostly of outwash, Dakota underlies about 160 sq mi of Campbell County, north- The Pierre Shale crops out over almost two-thirds of central South Dakota. The artesian aquifer occurs from Mellette County, and adequate supplies of suitable 150 feet below land surface at Pollock in northwestern ground water for domestic and stock use are difficult to Campbell County to 300 feet below land surface in the obtain. In most places the thin alluvial and terrace de­ southeastern part of the county, and is overlain by im­ posits are unreliable as aquifers. Because the deposits permeable lakebed deposits or till. The aquifer averages are in contact with the Pierre Shale, which is relatively 100 feet in thickness and contains about 21/^-million soluble, the chemical quality of water from them is poor. acre-f t of water in transient storage. Water levels range As a result, there has been a recent trend toward drilling from 25 feet below land surface east of Mound City deep artesian wells (over three-quarters of the artesian to 50 feet below land surface at Pollock. Yields of 1,000 wells in Mellette County have been drilled since 1£30). gpm or more can be obtained from properly constructed These deep wells are completed in the Dakota Sand­ wells. The water from the aquifer is predominantly stone, the Inyan Kara Group, or the Minnelusa Sand­ a sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate type. The average stone and Madison Group. Most of the artesian wells tap quality of water as classified for irrigation has a high the Dakota Sandstone, which is the shallowest of the salinity hazard and a medium sodium hazard. (N. C. artesian aquifers (well depths range from 1,500 to 2,500 Koch) feet). Water from the Dakota is usually soft to moder­ Aquifer in southeastern South Dakota not fully developed ately hard and ranges in dissolved-solids content from 1,000 to 3,000 mg/1. Wells in the Inyan Kara Group Large amounts of ground water, suitable for irriga­ have to be drilled 200 to 300 feet deeper than those in tion, municipal, and industrial use, can be obtained the Dakota. Although water from the Inyan Kara is from glacial-outwash sand and gravel along the Big usually suitable only for livestock (2,500 to 4,000 mg/1 Sioux River between the Brookings-Moody County line dissolved-solids content), it has a higher artesian head and Sioux Falls. The outwash is not fully developed as than water in the Dakota; furthermore, flowing wells a source of ground water and can yield additional large can be obtained in an area almost twice that of the area amounts of water. Probably as much as 30,000 acre-ft in which flowing wells can be obtained from the Dal*ota. per year more ground water than is currently being To tap the Minnelusa Sandstone and Madison Group, used could be withdrawn from the outwash deposits for which seem to function as a single aquifer, wells have to irrigation or other purposes. This 30,000 acre-f t (9.78 be drilled 500 to 800 feet deeper than wells in the Dakota billion gal) would be replaced annually by recharge Sandstone. The dissolved-solids content of water from to the aquifer from precipitation. More than 19,000 the Minnelusa and Madison ranges from 1,000 to 2,000 acres of the outwash is underlain by at least 20 feet mg/1, but it is extremely hard. The area where flowing of saturated sand and gravel, and properly completed wells can be obtained in the Minnelusa and Madison is wells in this area should yield more than 350 gpm. Al­ approximately the same area as the Pierre Shale out­ though water from the outwash deposits is very hard, crop. (M. J. Ellis, J. H. Ficken, and D. G. Adolph«on) it otherwise is of good chemical quality; most of it meets standards for drinking water, irrigation, and in­ NEBRASKA dustrial use. (M. J. Ellis, D. G. Adolphson, and R. E. West) Ground water in southeastern Nebraska Deep test well in Beadle County Open fractures and solution cavities account for the Cores from a test well 1,253 feet deep in Beadle capacity of Permian rocks, which are a potential source County, east-central South Dakota, have shown that of water supply in Johnson, Nemaha, Pawnee, and the basement rock is a chlorite-hornblende gneiss, rather Richardson Counties, to store and transmit wr.ter. than the Sioux Quartzite. An extremely-hard, coarse­ Locally, where fractures and solution cavities are ab^nd- grained sandstone was penetrated at a depth of 1,214 ant, yields to wells are probably moderately large, but feet. Ordinarily, drilling stops at this horizon, which is elsewhere yields may be small. The unconsolidated gla­ assumed to be the Sioux Quartzite. In the Beadle County cial deposits overlying the Permian rocks are composed test well, however, drilling continued through the hard mostly of clayey till; they yield only small quantities layer, into about 1 foot of unconsolidated sand, and then of water to wells. For this reason, newly obtained ir for­ into weathered basement rock. Beneath the weathered mation on the water-yielding potential of the Pemian zone, fractures in the basement rock have been filled rocks should be valuable to those seeking ground-water with calcite. (E. F. LeRoux) supplies for rural or urban development. (C. F. Ke?.ch) A64 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

UTAH as annual underflow from Idaho. Net loss by evapo- transpiration from the ground-water system in Utah Basin fill in Moab and Spanish Valleys is about 11,000 acre-ft annually, and pumpr^e is about Preliminary studies of the geology and water supplies 10,000 acre-ft annually. Discharge by springs and seeps of Moab and Spanish Valleys, east-central Utah, show near the edge of Great Salt Lake is about 29,000 acre-ft that the valleys are a continuous basin of eolian and annually, but only about 10,000 acre-ft read 3s the lake. alluvial sediments of Pleistocene and Holocene age Concentrations of dissolved solids in water range from underlain by Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations. The as low as 300 mg/1 in the western portion of the valley basin fill, which is as much as 300 feet thick and has a to about 3,000 mg/1 in the eastern portio^ and near saturated thickness that averages 50 feet, furnishes 10,000 mg/1 in the proximity of Great Salt Lake. (E. L. municipal, irrigation, and domestic water supplies. In Bolke and Donald Price) a limited area on the northeast side of the basin, the Major factors affecting ground-water development in Wingate Sandstone (Upper Triassic) is a source of Sink Valley both springs and well water. Quality of the water in these areas is considered good, although the water is A study of the hydrology of Tooele and Box Elder hard. There is no evidence of salt-water contamination Counties, northwestern Utah, has shown that the prin­ from evaporites of the Paradox Member of the Hermosa cipal limiting factors to any major deve^pment of Formation (Middle Pennsylvania!!). (C. T. Sumsion) ground water in Sink Valley are a low annual rate of recharge and generally poor chemical quality of the Artesian water in Cache Valley water. The total dissolved-solids content in water in Cache Valley is a graben-type valley extending south­ the shallower aquifers ranges from about 1,700 mg/1 ward from Idaho into Utah. Ground water, which oc­ at the upper end of the valley to about 2,800 mg/1 near curs mostly under artesian conditions, is trapped in the lower end; water from deeper aquifer^ is highly stream and lake deposits of gravel, sand, and conglom­ saline locally. Although more than 400,000 acre-ft of erate by a blanket of silt and clay laid down in ancient recoverable water is stored in the upper 100 feet of Lake Bonneville. Some flowing wells in the valley dis­ saturated valley fill, the annual rate of recharge amounts charge more than 2 cfs and many artesian springs in to only about 1,000 acre-ft. Pumpage witl drawals in local depressions on the valley floor discharge more than excess of 1,000 acre-ft a year over several years would 4 cfs. The artesian heads in wells range mostly between cause a progressive decline of water levels accompanied 5 and 35 feet but are as much as 60 feet in places. by a general deterioration of the water quality. (Donald (L. J. Bjorklund and L. J. McCreevy) Price and E. L. Bolke) Evapotranspiration consumes most water in Deep Creek Quality of surface water in Bear River basin valley Analyses of the chemical quality of water at 93 sam­ Deep Creek valley, in the basins of western Utah, is pling sites in the Bear Kiver basin, Utah, Wyoming, and an area of 281,000 acres that is largely Federally owned Idaho in September 1967 indicates: (1) The concen­ grazing land and Indian land; only about 4,000 acres tration of dissolved solids at all main-stem and major- is cultivated. Water available to the basin comes from tributary sampling sites above the Malad Fiver is less an estimated 290,000 acre-ft per year of precipitation, than 700 mg/1. (2) The principal chemical constituents of which less than 10 percent runs off. Of the runoff, it in water at main-stem sampling sites above Bear Lake is estimated that 17,000 acre-ft per year becomes are calcium and bicarbonate, and at main-stem sampling ground-water recharge. Of the streamflow and ground- sites below Bear Lake are magnesium and bicarbonate water discharge, it is estimated that less than 1 percent (the mean daily outflow from Bear Lake during the flows out of the valley; thus, mostly all the available sampling period was approximately 1,000-1,500 cfs). water is consumed within the valley. In contrast to (3) At headwater sampling sites in the Malad Kiver most other desert basins in western Utah, all water valley, the concentration of dissolved solids is less than sampled in Deep Creek valley was fresh. (J. W. Hood 500 mg/1; at downstream sites the concentration ranges andK.M.Waddell) from 1,680 to 4,380 mg/1. (4) The chemical quality of the water is not significantly deteriorated by irrigation Curlew Valley reconnaissance gives ground-water budget return flows. (K. M. Waddell) Annual ground-water recharge from precipitation in Quantitative studies in Utah Valley the Curlew Valley drainage basin is estimated to be An extensive aquifer test in southern U^ah Valley, about 72,000 acre-ft in Idaho and about 4,000 acre-ft in central Utah, was made during January-March 1967 Utah. About 36,000 acre-ft of ground water is estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the WATER RESOURCES A65 Utah State Engineer. The purpose of the. test was to near areas of late Tertiary or Quaternary volcanism. obtain data about the hydraulic characteristics of the The average dissolved-solids content of Thermo Hot aquifer in the valley and to determine whether pumping Spring is about 1,450 mg/1, of Roosevelt Hot Spring large-diameter wells decreased artesian pressures and about 7,000 mg/1, and of Abraham Hot Spring about resulting flow from the numerous small-diameter flow­ 3,600 mg/1. The water of Abraham and Roosevelt Hot ing wells in the valley. Springs is sodium chloride type, and that of Thermo The test data indicate that pumping in the area of Hot Spring is sodium sulfate-bicarbonate. (J. C. large-discharge wells contributes to a general lowering Mundorff) of water levels in southern Utah Valley. The more wells Wasatch Mountain valleys of central Utah have adec "

6. A program that sorts water-analysis data by strati- stantiate the reports. The area of high nitrate content is graphic unit and calculates basic statistics for in the east-central part of the area. Records since 1935 chemical analyses of water. This program was on the nitrate concentration in water from several developed in connection with a continuing study Show that, in general, the concentration decreased of saline water in the State, and it includes several the wells were deepened. (L. R. Kister) thousand analyses obtained from the petroleum Runoff in Tucson basin industry. In a 28-year period the mean annual number of days 7. A program for water-quality data synthesis, desig­ without flow at gaging stations in the Tucson basin nated the "Ropes'5 program, is used to facilitate ranged from 8 days at Sonoita Creek near Patagonia to interpretation of surface- and ground-water data. 338 days at Rillito Creek near Tucson, southeastern The program provides graphic output of water- Arizona. The median flow exceeded 1 cfs only at So­ quality data as well as such associated parameters noita Creek near Patagonia, the Santa Cruz B'ver as stream discharge, well depth, and geologic near Nogales, and Pantano Wash near Vail. The fame source. In addition, the program presents summary streams that are dry for long periods produce fl">ods distributions from a group of chemical analyses on that often exceed the capacity of the main channel. On a graphic plot, similar to the semilog milliequiva- the Santa Cruz River, 93 percent of the floods abc^e a lents per liter plots for a single analysis. flow that is selected to include an average of 3 p^aks ARIZONA each year have occurred in July, August, or September. The mean annual flow in the basin is highly variable; Ground water in southern Coconino County the coefficient of variation for the mean annual floTV The major aquifer in southern Coconino County, ranges from 0.49 at Sonoita Creek near Patagonia to central Arizona, is the Coconino Sandstone, which is 1.57 for Rillito Creek near Tucson. (A. C. de la Torre) estimated to contain about 80,000,000 acre-ft of water Tucson basin analog-model study at depths of less than 2,000 feet below the land surface. An electrical-analog model of the Tucson tasin Recharge to the aquifer is about 180,000 acre-ft per hydrologic system has been constructed and is b°dng year, but pumpage in 1966 amounted to only 2,000 acre- analyzed. The model is to be used to determine the pos­ ft-. Ground-water withdrawal is limited by the depth to sible effects of different ground-water-managenent water and the low transmissibility of the aquifer. Water schemes on the regional water levels. It indicates that in levels range from 200 to 2,000 feet below the land sur­ the southern part of the basin, where water levels are at face. The average coefficient of transmissibility is prob­ relatively shallow depths, about 25 percent of the irri­ ably less than 5,000 gpd per ft, but may exceed 50,000 gation water applied to the land returns to the ground- gpd per ft in fractured areas. (E. H. McGavock, W. L. water reservoir. The model also indicates that about Werrell,iand J. B. Gillespie) 50,000 acre-ft of water per year that was formerly b^ing Quality of ground water in Beardsley area lost through evapotranspiration is now being diverted Four main ground-water types sodium bicarbonate, to pumped ground water. (W. T. Anderson) calcium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride and sulfate occur in the Beardsley area, Salt TEXAS River valley, central Arizona. The sodium bicarbonate Fresh ground-water supply beneath Galveston Bay water occurs in coarser sediments consisting mainly of The occurrence of artesian fresh ground water under­ light-colored (felsic) crystalline rocks, the calcium bi­ lying Galveston Bay is being studied as a part of an carbonate water occurs in sediments consisting mainly investigation of the ground-water resources of Cham­ of dark-colored (mafic) crystalline rocks, and the bers and Jefferson Counties. The fresh water, which sodium chloride and calcium chloride and sulfate water occurs in the lower part of the Chicot aquifer between occurs in silt-clay gypsif erous sediments. about 250 and about 800 feet below sea level in this Observed changes in the quality of the ground water area, is available under about 250 sq mi of the bay. An since 1946 have been caused mainly by migration of bad- average of 100 feet of sand contains the fresh water, and quality water northward from the Gila River and in­ the maximum thickness of saturated sand approaches terception of water of better quality where wells have 200 feet in places. Information about the aquifer comes been deepened. Recirculation of salts hi irrigation water mainly from many electric logs and a number of may have caused the deterioration of ground water in analyses of water samples. About 5-million acre-ft of some areas. Nitrate concentrations as great as 100 mg/1 fresh water is in storage, but the threat of salt-wter were reported as long ago as 1905. Recent data sub­ encroachment would limit the full development of the A68 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS supply. Because the fresh water underlies Galveston Significant results obtained from studies made in the Bay, only a small amount of the water has been tapped region are presented in the following sections. by wells for use. (J. B. Wesselman) HAWAII Quality of surface waters of Colorado River basin, Texas Natural runoff in most of the Colorado River basin in Runoff exceeds apparent rainfall Texas is of good chemical quality and is suitable for The mean annual rainfall at Waialeale or the island most municipal, industrial, and agricultural purposes, of Kauai, as measured in a storage gage for a period of but the quality of the water in some parts of the basin 38 years, is 486 inches. Recent measurement? of runoff has been degraded by municipal and industrial wastes. from an adjacent 6,600-sq-ft plot of natural ground, The dissolved-solids concentration in most tributary located to the leeward of the rain gage, suggest that streams averages less than 250 mg/1, but the saline rainfall at Waialeale is even greater than i^ indicated inflow in the upper part of the basin keeps the average by the gage record. Usable records for 607 days between concentration in the main stem above 250 mg/1 through­ August 1965 and July 1967 show that runoff was nearly out its length. However, all the water-supply reservoirs 30 percent greater than rainfall caught by the storage in the basin contain water of acceptable quality for most gage. (G. T. Hirashima) uses, and water available for storage at potential reser­ voir sites is also of good quality. (D. K. Keifeste and M. Dikes impound ground-water reservoir W. Lansford) Numerous intersecting dikes within the central part of the west Maui mountain, where rainfall exceeds 100 PACIFIC COAST REGION inches a year, have impounded a large high-level body of ground water that maintains the base flo^ of peren­ The hydrologic and cultural extremes characteristic nial streams in the Lahaina district on the island of of the seven States in the Pacific coast region (fig. 4) Maui. Of the 340 mgd of rain that falls in the district, contain diverse environments. A wide variety of water- about 250 mgd falls over the recharge area. Streamflow resources studies is carried out within these States. is estimated to be 100 mgd, of which 55 mgd is diverted Within the region, almost all the known tools and for irrigation and domestic use. About 50 mgd is methods of hydrology are being used to satisfy the ever- pumped for irrigation from the basal water body that present and accelerating demand by water users and lies near sea level between the high-level water body and planners for a more precise definition of the occurrence, the shore. The fresh-water lens is thin owing to the ab­ use, and effects of development of all water resources. sence of a confining caprock structure that would retard Many areal and topical projects are directed toward discharge of fresh ground water to the se^- (George answering this demand. Yamanaga and C. J. Huxel, Jr.) Studies being made in the area of Puget Sound, in the Doubled water supply possible for Waianae Willamette and Columbia River basins, and in Alaska are providing a broad base of data for another growing Because more ground water is lost through evapo- need, namely, comprehensive descriptions of the quan­ transpiration than is used productively in tH Waianae tity and quality of water available, its use, and poten­ District, on the island of Oahu, the greatest potential tial for development in large geographic areas. for additional development lies in reducing that loss. Along with these areally large studies, smaller proj­ A large part of the total evapotranspiration takes place ects for resolving particular problems are being carried in low-lying coastal areas underlain by ccralline de­ out. New sources that provide larger supplies or water posits where the water table is at shallow depths and of better quality for small areas have been discovered the cover by nonbeneficial plants is heavy. Those areas in California, and means of improving existing supplies contain ground water of poor quality and are now use­ less as a source of fresh water because water levels can­ are being investigated in Hawaii. Streams and ground- not be sufficiently lowered to reduce the amount of water water aquifers are monitored to provide data used to used by plants. However, in mountainous areas, where establish the effects of climatologic change and water evapotranspiration is less but still significant and where use on sources of supply throughout the region. Increas­ water levels are also at shallow depth, dikes and other ingly, analog and digital models are providing solutions poorly permeable rocks impound ground water of good to complex problems. Data relating the causes and quality in a basaltic-rock aquifer. Lowering of water effects of changing ground-water levels and stream- levels in that aquifer by drainage to tunnels and by flow provide the information needed by managers and pumping could reduce evapotranspiration and provide planners seeking maximum benefit from existing at least a twofold increase over the 1967 use of 4 mgd. supplies. (K. J. Takasaki) WATER RESOURCES A69

GUAM of Pleistocene sediments underlying the surveyed area, and that a north-northeast-trending bedrock fault ex­ Eroded surface controls ground-water flow tending along the front of the Chugach Mountain? has The principal water-bearing rock in northern Guam at least 800 feet of vertical displacement. (W. W. Barn- is a highly permeable limestone overlying an irregular well, R. S. George, and L. L. Dearborn) surface eroded in nearly impermeable volcanic rock. In Ground water abundant in Susitna River area most of the area the limestone aquifer extends below sea Throughout most of the area between Palmer and level and, therefore, is subject to sea-water intrusion that Talkeetna, well yields of 10 to 50 gpm are predicted; causes high salinity of ground water in most coastal however, in the western part of the area, adjacert to zones and in many areas of heavy pumping. Studies the Susitna Eiver and its principal tributaries, yields suggest, however, that the shape of the volcanic surface in excess of 500 gpm are obtainable. Although it con­ controls the flow of much of the fresh ground water tains objectionable concentrations of iron at places, and retards the inland movement of sea water through the water is generally of good quality and contairs 50 the limestone in some areas. (D. A. Davis and C. J. to 200 mg/1 hardness. Boron concentrations of 2.6 mg/1 Huxel, Jr.) in ground water and 0.9 mg/1 in surface-water sairples ALASKA occur near Palmer, and might cause problems if the Water availability predicted for southeastern Alaska water is used for irrigation of boron-sensitive plants. Preliminary conclusions from a water-resources in­ The area containing boron extends westward beyond vestigation in the Greater Juneau Borough are as fol­ Wassila, northward up to the valley of the Matanuska lows : The principal aquifer on Douglas Island is Eiver, and southward to the Anchorage area. (/. J. metamorphic bedrock that is not expected to yield more Feulner and L. C. M. Friedman) than a few gallons per minute to wells. A specific capac­ Earthquake did not affect water quality in ity of 16 gpm per ft and a transmissibility of 20,000 south-central Alaska gpd per ft was calculated using data from an aquifer- Most public water supplies in south-central Alaska performance test of a 100-foot test well drilled in are of the calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type and con­ Juneau. In Mendenhall Valley, the water table fluctu­ tain moderate concentrations of dissolved solids. Nearly ates at least 4 ft per yr and the river gains about 7 cfs all are acceptable by Public Health Service standards. per mi from ground water. Although the chemical qual­ Water supplies containing excessively high concentra­ ity of water from the river during low-flow periods is tions of calcium, magnesium, and chloride were found very similar to that from wells in the area, the water is in the Copper Eiver region. Sodium-potassium chloride unusable without treatment to remove glacial flour. The and sodium-potassium bicarbonate types of water of average area of the 80 drainage basins in the 450-sq-mi high concentration were found in some coastal regions study area is less than 5 sq mi. During low-flow periods in the Kenai Peninsula. These data were obtained dur­ in 1966-67, only 5 streams discharged more than 50 cfs ing a postearthquake study of the quality of public and 11 discharged more than 5 cfs. The dissolved-solids water supplies. No effects of the 1964 earthquake were concentration in 37 stream samples ranged from 20 to detected. (C. G. Angelo and H. L. Hey ward) 200 mg/1 and averaged 57 mg/1. In nearby Haines and WASHINGTON Port Chilkoot, ground-water supplies adequate to allow expansion of municipal systems now dependent on sur­ Ancient glacial channels may control modern water face-water sources are available, according to data supplies near Tacoma obtained from test wells. However, water quality ranges Locating aquifers that will yield more than 400 gpm from very good to poor. (J. A. McConaghy) to wells in the Federal Way area northeast of Tacoma Water use in Anchorage in western Washington is difficult. Sand and gravel aquifers overlain by as much as 100 feet of till, and Static water levels near the Anchorage city well field underlain by a thick section of fine-grained sediments, have declined 10 to 20 feet since 1957. Water use during occur under parts of the area. Drillers' logs of veils, the 5-year period 1962-67 increased from 16 mgd in 1962 and the linear arrangement of successful wells, suggest to 24 mgd in 1967, an average annual increase, of 8 per­ that the aquifers are buried glacial outwash-cha,nnel cent. In 1967, 14 mgd was obtained from Ship Creek deposits. The first test well in a proposed series was suc­ and 10 mgd from wells. Data from geophysical surveys cessful in obtaining the desired yield from these suggest that no salt water occurs in the 800 to 1,000 feet fers. (D. E. Cline) A70 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

Washington water use is 7 million acre-ft in 1965 encroachment because of their near-shore location, only Nearly 7 million acre-ft of water was used in Wash­ 33 produced water with a sufficiently high chloride con­ ington in 1965 for municipal, industrial, and irrigation tent to suggest incipient-encroachment. Of these, only supply. About 13 percent of this amount was pumped 14 contained as much as 20 mg/1 of chloride, about 4 from wells. The irrigation demand was 5,500,000 acre-ft, times the concentration of chloride normally found in 95 percent of which was supplied from surface-water ground water in western Washington. sources. Irrigation demand was greatest in the eastern part of the State where rainfall is low. Public-supply OREGON agencies provided about 950,000 acre-ft of water for Ninety percent of Tualatin River flow discharged during municipal and industrial purposes, of which 70 percent winter months was obtained from surface-water sources. The per- The 708-sq-mi area of the Tualatin River basin near capita consumption for domestic use only, by the nearly Portland discharges an average volume of about 1 mil­ 214 million people served, was 125 gpd'. Industrial use, lion acre-ft annually, but only about 10 percent of the supplied by both municipal and private systems, total discharge occurs during the 6 months of May amounted to about an additional 970,000 acre-ft. The through October. A statistical appraisal of unregulated pulp and paper industry accounted for about two-thirds streamflow also indicates that, although they drain only of the industrial use. (L. B. Laird and K. L. Walters) 27 percent of the basin area, the Upper Tualatin River, Water quality limits use of ground water in Gales Creek, and East Fork Dairy Creek provide about Cowlitz County 58 percent of the low flow, 37 percent of the average Most of Cowlitz County, southwestern Washington, flow, and 35 percent of the high flow in the Tualatin has quantities of ground water adequate for present and River. (C.H.Swift III) foreseeable needs, but locally use of the water is limited Travel rates little affected by streambed slopes because of its quality. In some localities iron concentra­ Travel-time studies made at low flow, us'ng Rhoda- tions are more than 4.0 mg/1 and in numerous places mine B dye, indicate that in the John Day Fiver above chloride concentrations exceed 200 mg/1. Yields from the North Fork, where the average streamHd slope is wells screened in fluvial sand and gravel range up to 22 ft per mi, the travel rate is 1.2 mph, whereas on the 3,000 gpm. (D. A. Myer) South Fork John Day River, where the average slope Irrigation causes extensive water-level decline is 44 ft per mi, the travel rate was less thru 0.3 mph. near Odessa At moderately high flows, travel rates exceeded 2.5 mph Water levels have declined at rates ranging from less on several stream reaches. (D. D. Harris) than 10 feet to more than 20 feet per year in a 300-sq-mi Ground water of good quality abundant in area between Weber Coulee and Crab Creek, near Willamette Basin Odessa in eastern Washington, as a result of increased Ninety percent of ground water-sampler from the pumping from wells that tap areally extensive basalt Williamette River basin in northwestern Oregon con­ aquifers. Water-level declines in the Odessa area were tained less than 500 mg/1 of dissolved solids. This sug­ first noted in 1963-65 by A. A. Garrett. Pumpage has gests that water of good quality is available throughout increased from about 12,000 acre-ft (from about 170 most of the basin, although local water-quality prob­ wells) in 1963 to about 50,000 acre-ft (from about 140 lems do exist. The dissolved-solids content consists pri­ wells) in 1967. (J. E. Luzier) marily of calcium, sodium bicarbonate, and silica. Iron Salt-water encroachment in coastal areas of Washington concentrations in many wells north of Salem are greater An investigation by K. L. Walters and others of than 0.3 mg/1. Orthophosphate was found in varying sea-water encroachment along the coast and marine concentrations throughout the basin, and high arsenic waterways of Washington has revealed that saline con-* concentrations were reported from wells tapping the tamination of ground water has occurred' only locally, Fisher Formation near Eugene. Water containing more and that the problem, in general, is not serious. than 1,000 ing/1 of dissolved solids (predominantly so­ Encroachment has been detected at some wells near the dium, calcium, and chloride) is found in de^p aquifers shore where puinpage has been exceptionally heavy underlying Portland, in parts of the Tualatin Valley, in and at a few shallow wells on the beach. Definite but the Willamette valley north of Salem, and at Gladstone. small-scale encroachment has occurred at two localities "Salty" water, too highly mineralized for most uses, has at Tacoma, at a few isolated places near Olympia in been reported from bedrock wells in several parts of individual domestic wells, and in Kitsap County. Of the Coast Range on the west side of the basin. (J. J. S. 220 wells in Kitsap County potentially subject to Yee) WATER RESOURCES A71

Eighty percent of precipitation infiltrates dune sands sandstone beds is confined and for the most par4: dis­ Nearly 80 percent of the 78.5 inches of average annual charges to Monterey Bay. Water quality is generally precipitation on the Clatsop County dune-sand area suitable for municipal supplies. Salt water has not yet infiltrates the sands. A large part of the ground water intruded past the coastline, but as withdrawals near now discharges unused to the ocean while only an in­ the coast increase, salt water probably will be drawn in. significant quantity is pumped from wells. Data from (J.J.Hickey) three test wells indicate that large quantities of water Potable water at Lava Beds National Monument of good chemical quality can be pumped from wells, Water from shallow wells at the northern boundary although troublesome concentrations of dissolved iron of Lava Beds National Monument in northern Cali­ may occur in some places. (F. J. Frank) fornia is of such poor quality as to be unacceptable for Oregon's ground-water potential human consumption. However, water of excellent qual­ Oregon is the first Pacific coast region State whose ity having a dissolved-solids concentration of about total ground-water resource has been estimated. A com­ 200 mg/1 may be available from a confined aquifer at pilation of all available data, supplemented by esti­ a depth of approximately 2,000 feet, because several mates, suggests that in its 18 major drainage-basin re­ successful wells were completed to that depth recently gions, Oregon is underlain by more than 250 million in areas peripheral to the monument in a geologically acre-ft of ground water at depths of less than 500 feet. comparable environment. (W. R. Hotchkiss) Additional potential subsurface storage capacity is esti­ Santa Ana salinity-barrier water source assured mated to be between 55 and 60 million acre-f t, a signifi­ Completion of a well yielding 2,000 gpm of very cant part of which can be developed by artificial soft amber-colored water, with a total dissolved-solids recharge if need arises. (J. H. Robinson) concentration of 250 mg/1 indicates that the deep coastal aquifers in Orange County should be an excellent source CALIFORNIA of supply for the Santa Ana salinity barrier. However, Historic trends in water diversions in southern California the water would require treatment for removal of color The trend toward consolidating a number of small before use as a domestic supply. (J. A. Moreland) units into a few large units prevails in water-resources IDAHO development as in many other fields, according to a study of the Santa Ana River in southern California. Idaho's first ground-water network The first diversion was made in Orange County in the An observation-well network to monitor seasonal and vicinity of Olive, in 1810 or 1811. At that time, flow long-term water-level fluctuations and to aid in early was continuous most of each year to a point between detection of ground-water problems has been estab­ Olive and Orange. Diversion from the Upper Santa Ana lished in southwestern Idaho. A preliminary report on River, between the mouth of Santa Ana Canyon and this, Idaho's first regional ground-water surveillance Colton, began in about 1855. Many diversions were made system, includes well descriptions and locations and a between the mouth of Santa Ana Canyon and Olive statement of criteria used to select wells for the network. in following years. The many small diversions have been (N. P. Dion andM. L. Griffiths) consolidated in the major systems of today. The di­ versions from the tributaries have followed the same Interbasin movement of ground water through baralt in patterns as that of the Santa Ana River, beginning with southeastern Idaho the first diversion from Mill Creek in 1821. In the last The configuration of ground-water contours suggests 10 years many of the water companies that had diverted that water from the Blackfoot River basins in south­ water from the Santa Ana River or from its tributaries eastern Idaho is moving through fractured basalt into have sold their water rights and facilities to county the Bear River basin and thence, in turn, moving into water districts. The districts have consolidated those the Portneuf River basin. As a result, surf ace-water and systems under one management, and they supply water ground-water divides in these basins are by no means to the area formerly serviced by the many water coincident and may be widely separated arealty. Al­ companies. (M. G. Scott) though interbasin movement of ground water has- been Ground water in Soquel-Aptos area reported from carbonate-rock areas in Nevada, the ITdaho The major aquifers in the Soquel-Aptos area of cen­ occurrence is perhaps the first to be discovered in which tral coastal California are sandstone beds in the Puri- volcanic rocks provide natural conduits for trans- sima Formation of Pliocene age. Ground water in the mountaiii flow. (N. P. Dion) A72 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

Three-fourths of water diverted returns to Snake River SALINE WATER between Heise and Blackfoot In the reach of the Snake River between Heise and In the past, hydrologic studies relating to ss Tine water Blackfoot, in southeastern Idaho, the diversion of in­ have tended to regard the water only as a menace to creased volumes of water onto the Snake River Plain fresh-water supplies. Recent developments mainly may not increase proportionately the quantity of water growing scarcity of new supplies of low-cost fresh­ retained in storage in the aquifer. Computations of water make this philosophy obsolete, and projects are gains or losses in the river reach using figures of annual now being formulated by the Geological Survey which mean discharge show that inflow to the reach, less diver­ will give due consideration to saline water and saline- sions, is greater than outflow at the lower end of the water aquifers as possible valuable resources. reach, except in years during which the diversions are The projects, coordinated by F. A. Kohcnt, of the exceptionally large. The diversions and the losses com­ Survey's Water Resources Division, revolve around two puted annually for each year of record (1919-65) have fundamental changes in our culture and technology. The a high degree of correlation. On the average, an increase first of these is pollution control in surface streams and of 1,000 cfs in diversions decreases river losses in the the establishment of water-quality standards by the reach about 750 cfs. The following deductions can be individual States under the guidance of tl 3 Federal made from this relationship: (1) larger apparent losses Water Pollution Control Administration and the Secre­ occur in the river reach as diversions are reduced; (2) a tary of the Interior. The second is that in tH effort to large and continuing loss from the river channel re­ clean up surface streams, attention has been focused on charges the ground water; (3) within the range of the saline ground-water reservoirs (aquifers) r,s possible recorded irrigation diversions, loss from the channel is storage sites for untreatable industrial vastes. At counteracted by recharge to the channel resulting from present, the impact of injecting waste into saline water irrigation diversions at a rate of about three-fourths of now occupying the aquifer pore space is not well known. the irrigation diversions; (4) from item 3 it can be It is also believed that artesian saline aquifers assumed that if artificial recharge of the aquifer were (capped by an impermeable layer) can ac"-ept fresh attempted within the area irrigated by these diversions, water in the form of a bubble or lens surrounding an the river, not the ground water, might receive the major injection well, and it is known that only the outer sur­ part of the increase. (C.A.Thomas) face of the bubble will be contaminated by the saline water. Thus it is hoped that fresh water can be injected NEVADA into a saline aquifer during times of excess nnoff, and the fresh water can be retrieved during subsequent dry Faults hinder salvage of annual yield seasons. The technique is being tested near Norfolk, Va., Pumping for irrigation in Hualapai Flat, northwest­ by D. L. Brown in a cooperative project wi^h the city ern Nevada, during 1967 equaled the estimated 7,000 and State (see "Ground-Water Hydrology" in section acre-ft yearly yield of the basin. Faults between the "Geologic and Hydrologic Principles, Processes, and area of concentrated pumping in the north end of the Techniques"). A successful small-scale test of similar valley and the area of natural discharge may hinder type was made at Camp Peary near Williamsburg salvage of this discharge. Thus, it may not be possible during World War II. to salvage the entire yield by sustained pumping in the At the same time that the pore space of saline aqui­ area of development. (J. R. Harrill) fers has become potentially valuable for storage of Supplemental irrigation water available in Mason Valley waste, or of fresh water, advances in d^alination About one-half the average surface-water inflow, technology are lowering the cost of desalting saline 216,000 acre-ft, is consumed by users in the Mason Valley water. Thus, saline water itself is recognized as having of west-central Nevada. During an average year, about intrinsic value for solving water-supply shortages in 41,000 acre-ft is consumed by crops, 57,000 acre-ft by some areas. phreatophytes, and 10,000 acre-ft by domestic, indus­ Therefore, saline-water aquifers may become impor­ trial, and municipal use. This indicates that supple­ tant for storage of waste or storage of fresh water, and mental irrigation water can be pumped from the ground- may also be sources of water for desalination. To decide water reservoir during years of low flow in the Walker the best use for a given aquifer, there mus4: be an as­ River and that the aquifers can be recharged in later sessment of the aquifer's vertical and lateral boundaries, years of heavy runoff. (C. J. Huxel, Jr., and E. E. the chemistry of its rock particles and its native water, Harris) and its yield characteristics (or, reciprocally, its ability MAKINE GEOLOGY AND HYDKOLOGY A73 to accept liquid wastes). Similar studies must be made of significant scientific importance or high economic also of adjacent fresh-water aquifers that might be potential. influenced by these activities. New studies will be The Geological Survey is conducting diversified geo­ developed to satisfy this need for information. logic and hydrologic investigations on the Atlantic, One such project will be started in fiscal year 1969 in Gulf coast, Pacific, and Alaskan continental margins. the Kio Grande Water Resources Region in cooperation Some of these investigations are being conducted under with the Office of Saline Water, U.S. Department of the a research contract program with 11 universities and Interior. A smaller, more detailed study which will in­ educational institutions, and others are in cooperation clude the economic aspects of saline-water utilization with the U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Bureau of Com­ will be conducted in the Tularosa Basin, N. Mex., a sub- mercial Fisheries, Naval Oceanographic Office, and region of the Rio Grande, and the site of the city of other Federal agencies. Results of the past-year'.7 re­ Alamogordo and the White Sands Missile Range. The search program in marine geology and hydrology as study will be made by the Geological Survey and the yet largely unpublished, are summarized below. Where New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute under university personnel are cited, the work was performed the combined fiscal cooperation of these agencies, the under research contract. Office of the New Mexico State Engineer, and the Office of Water Resources Research and the Office of Saline ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL MARGIN Water, U.S. Department of the Interior. It is antici­ pated that the economic aspects of the Tularosa study The program of mapping the Atlantic continental may provide useful conclusions concerning future margin is in its sixth year. Reconnaissance-scale studies utilization of saline water in the much larger Rio of sediments and structures are being completed, and Grande Region. intermediate-scale mapping of structure and stratig­ raphy at a scale of 1:250,000 has begun. This pro­ MARINE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY gram, which is being carried out jointly with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and more The Nation's Continental Shelf and Slope constitute recently with Duke University, resulted in abort 40 challenging unexplored frontiers for the discovery of scientific publications during 1967. new sources of minerals, fuels, and water, which are Surficial geology needed in order to sustain the industrial growth of While investigating sediments of the Atlantic Con­ the country. The U.S. Geological Survey is responsible tinental Shelf on a reconnaissance scale, J. V. A. T~rim- for the evaluation of these resources in the 1 million bull has found that sediments north of Cape Cod are sq mi of the Nation's submerged domain. Early access derived primarily from glacial debris, and have been to knowledge of the mineral-resource potential of the reworked only slightly since glaciation. J. S. S^hlee continental shelves is required to provide a basis for and R. M. Pratt (WHOI), in joint studies, have been wise exploration, conservation, and management of able to infer the bedrock geology of the Gulf of Maine these resources. by detailed study of glacial gravels now found on its floor. Distinctive gravel lithologies include sedimerts of The major objectives of the Geological Survey's Triassic and Cretaceous ages, granites and feHtes, marine geologic and hydrologic investigations are to spotted schist and gneiss, and basic igneous rocks. J. D. make three-dimensional geologic and geophysical analy­ Milliman (WHOI) finds that shelf sediments south­ ses of the continental margins of the United States, in­ ward from Cape Cod are of two distinct ages. Most of cluding its estuaries and bays, as well as its oceanic the middle and outer shelf is covered by coarse, some­ islands and reefs. These analyses will be depicted on what rounded, iron-stained sands. Their characteristics maps at several scales: (1) reconnaissance analyses at do not represent the present regime, but rather condi­ 1:1,000,000 or smaller to identify those parts of the tions that prevailed during glacial-stage lowering of sea Nation's shelf that appear most promising to investi­ level. Finer grained and more angular sand representing gate for new sources of minerals; (2) analyses at an deposition under present conditions is found only near intermediate scale of 1: 250,000 of areas that have prom­ shore. ise for specific resources, or that require study for solu­ Structure of continental margin tion of critical regional problems related to geologic A summation of the geologic structure of the e-ntire hazards (earthquakes, tsnuamis) and engineering con­ east coast Continental Shelf and Slope was completed struction; (3) detailed analyses at a scale of 1:62,500 by Elazar Uchupi (WHOI), on the basis of more than or larger of selected parts of the shelf or coastal areas 20,000 km of continuous seismic profiling recorded by A74 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS the Geological Survey and WHOI between 1963 and indicates that large-scale slumping may be a common 1966. Some of the shelf formed by upbuilding and the characteristic of Outer Continental Shelf sediments. slope by outbuilding on a basement of Tertiary rock; A dive in Corsair Canyon by D. A. Koss (WHOI) both are slowly advancing seaward, and underlying showed that bottom currents capable of erosion now strata have been slightly warped on axes both parallel flow in the canyon. to and at high angles to the shoreline. Bottom sediments off North Carolina Mineral deposits on Blake Plateau Duke University, under a research contract, is study­ Major deposits of phosphorite and manganese-iron ing the nature and mineral content of bottom sediments oxides off the southeastern coast have been evaluated by off North Carolina. In order to determine provenance F. T. Manheim and K. M. Pratt (WHOI). Deposits in and transport distances of shelf and slope sediment, water depths ranging from 250 to 1,000 m on the north­ O. H. Pilkey (Duke Univ.) is investigating several ern Blake Plateau are estimated to include 2 billion mineralogic parameters. These include heavy-mineral tons of phosphorite nodules, 250 million tons of manga­ assemblages, feldspar composition, and quartz type. Re­ nese-iron nodules, and 1.2 billion tons of manganese- sults to date suggest that detailed investigations of the phosphorite pavement and nodules. Analyses of more quartz and feldspar will provide more datr. on prove­ than 100 samples show that the manganese-iron nodules nance than will heavy-mineral suites, because rivers contain less silicon, aluminum, and titanium and more draining the Coastal Plain and Piedmont provinces do calcium carbonate and phosphate than average deep- not show great variation in heavy minerals. Prelimi­ sea nodules. They also contain less copper than most nary results indicate that K-feldspar dominates over deep-sea nodules of comparable cobalt and nickel con­ Ca-Na feldspar in shelf sediment but that the latter centration. The great quantity of the Blake Plateau increases in abundance in a southerly direction from deposits, their relatively shallow depth, and their prox­ Cape Hatteras. Total feldspar varies in a regular and imity to the shore make them a possible future economic mappable fashion; Georgia shelf sediment tends to be resource despite their low grade. richer than that off North Carolina. Shel* sediments Geologic dives in DSRV Alvin appear to be richer in total feldspar than present-day fluvial sands. Investigations of quartz as a provenance Seventeen geologic dives to depths of as much as indicator include determination of variation in aver­ 1,800 m in the DSRV (deep-submergence research age sphericity, extinction characteristics, nature and vehicle) Alvin were recently conducted by members of abundance of inclusions, and amount of iron staining. the Woods Hole group and the Geological Survey. Quartz in coastal-river sediment is also being investi­ In four dives on the inner Blake Plateau, F. T. Man­ gated. Preliminary results indicate that it T"ill be diffi­ heim demonstrated that the phosphate-manganese pave­ cult to distinguish local river sources based on quartz ment area is scoured by strong north-flowing bottom types, but sediment from at least two irajor rivers currents that carry coarse f oraminiferal-pteropod sand contains distinctive and unique quartz grainr over the pavement. On the shelf off Chesapeake Bay, Results of gold analyses of 8 out of 70 shelf-sediment scattered groups of oyster shells were observed at a samples show a range in Au content of from less than depth of 45 m by K. O. Emery (WHOI) and R. L. 0.03 to 2 ppm. Twelve samples of carbonate sediment Edwards (Bur. of Commerical Fisheries) on a sub­ from the Continental Slope and Rise off North Carolina merged beach ridge; some shell mounds on land similar show 4 to 8 ppm Ag in the foraminiferal fraction. This to these were produced by early man. During dives on remarkable concentration of silver in a carbonate sedi­ the Continental Slope off Martha's Vineyard, ridges 3 ment confirms a similar report from the Gulf of Mexico, to 10 m high composed (at least on their surface) of and indicates that the phenomenon may be widespread. sandy silt and lying transverse to both the bottom cur­ rent and bottom contours were discovered at depths of Faunal analysis and paleontology off northeastern approximately 1,300 m. Such ridges have not been pre­ United States viously observed, and their origin is unknown. T. G. Gibson finds that foraminiferal fs.unas of the Six samples of rock of Cretaceous and Tertiary ages Continental Shelf and Slope off northeastern United were collected by J. C. Hathaway and J. V. A. Trum- States can be divided into three faunal provinces: the bull from vertical walls of bedrock 'at depths of as much seaward shelf near Nova Scotia, the Gulf of Maine, and as 1,500 m in Oceanographer Canyon. Age analyses by the shelf in the Georges Bank area and sou*hwestward. T. G. Gibson, J. F. Mello, and J. E. Hazel, and by K. M. The assemblages also show depth zonation, with Goll (WHOI) showed that the well-exposed wallrock changes in faunal composition occurring at 40, 90-100, of the canyon is not in proper stratigraphic order. This and 150 m. J. E. Hazel has found more than 50 species MARINE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY A75 of ostracodes of Pleistocene age in 25 rock samples cated by a decrease in the ratio of soluble humic dredged from 10 submarine canyons off the Atlantic substances to total organic matter, a marked decrease of coast. The taxonomic composition of the samples sug­ free sulfur, and an increase of carbon/nitrogen ratios. gests that during times of lowered sea level the present A study by V. E. Swanson of bottom sediments in the boundary between cold- and mild-temperate faunal northeasternmost part of the Gulf of Mexico shows provinces was displaced approximately 800 km south­ that most flocculated and particulate organic mn-tter eastward to the vicinity of lat. 38° N. from its present is concentrated in tidal-marsh areas rather than Hing position near lat. 42° N. Identification by J. D. Bukry swept seaward to be deposited in deep waters. Mc^t of of coccoliths in a Blake Plateau limestone indicates that the vast volume of soluble and particulate organic strata of late Campanian to early Maestrichtian Age matter contributed to the Gulf of Mexico by r;vers crop out there. The sample was collected at a depth of draining the broad swamp and forest areas of north- 555 m by F. T. Manheim while using the DSRV Alvin. central Florida and southeastern Georgia is deposited in the intertidal zone. Concentrates of humate in ccastal GULF OF MEXICO AND CARIBBEAN SEA sands, which in places are associated with peat, are indicative of stiUstands of sea level in Quateroary Geologic investigations in the Gulf of Mexico-Carib­ times. bean region are directed toward determining (1) how geologic settling affects modern sedimentation, (2) how Mississippi Submarine Canyon and Trench tectonic movements in the past affected the accumula­ Seismic profiles across the upper part of the tion of thick sequences of sedimentary rock, and (3) Mississippi Submarine Canyon and the filled part of how geologic processes affect the occurrence and distri­ the Mississippi Trench across the Continental Shelf bution of mineral resources. Studies underway include have been interpreted by J. P. Morgan (La. State investigations of (1) distribution of heavy-metal min­ Univ.). They show that considerable slumping and erals in the western Gulf of Mexico, (2) Quaternary mass movement of sediment occurred as the canyon filled geology of the Louisiana Inner Continental Shelf with and that the history of postglacial sea-level rise is emphasis on metallic-mineral content of the Mississippi recorded in sediments within the filled Mississippi Delta and sediments on the nearby shelf, (3) dynamics Trench. of sediment movement along the south Texas coast, (4) Texas nearshore studies diagenetic processes in sediments of Laguna Madre, Studies by H. L. Berryhill of the dynamics of sedi­ Tex., (5) configuration of the buried Pleistocene sur­ ment movement along the south Texas coast from Cor­ face along the shoreline of the western Gulf of Mexico, pus Christi Bay south to the mouth of the Bio Grande (6) the geologic framework of Mona Passage west of indicate that large quantities of sand are transported Puerto Rico, and (7) the nature of bottom sediments across the barrier islands, principally by major storms and organic geochemistry of sediments in the northeast and sustained winds. During the passage of Hurncane part of the Gulf of Mexico. Texas A. & M. University Beulah on September 23,1967,38 inlets were either cut and Louisiana State University, through research con­ or reopened across Padre and Mustang Islands t^ the tracts, are contributing to these investigations. 5- to 7-foot flood tides. Sand was carried by the flood Florida nearshore organic geochemical studies tide onto and, in many cases, completely across the Preliminary organic geochemical studies by J. H. Pal- barrier islands into Laguna Madre, forming wash- acas, V. E. Swanson, and A. H. Love in Choctawhatchee over deltas. The predominantly southeasterly winds Bay, an estuary in the panhandle of Florida, have shown create active dune fields from the storm washover;' that that the silty clays in the deeper areas of the bay con­ accumulate behind the fore dunes. These dune fields tain an average of about 7 percent total organic matter. then grow in size and migrate northwestward across Most quartzose sands in the shallower, nearshore areas the island. contain less than 0.5 percent organic matter. However, Color aerial photographs were used to map the vari­ the bitumen content of the sands, even though less than ous sedimentary environments and morphological units 50 ppm, may account for up to 4 percent of the total along the coastline of south Texas. These photographs organic matter. The average bitumen content of dried were found to be much superior to black-and-white in silty clays or muds is about 225 ppm, but it accounts respect to differentiating sediment types and in show­ for only 0.4 percent of the total organics. The alkaline- ing differences in water turbidity and sediment-trans­ soluble humic substances range from 5,500 to 17,000 ppm port directions along the bottom in shallow water. This and comprise 10 to 50 percent of the total organic mat­ study also indicates that synoptic color photography ter. Early diagenesis during shallow burial is indi­ from orbital altitudes will be of great value in evalu- A76 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

ating the effects of catastrophic events which affect PACIFIC CONTINENTAL MARGIN coastal areas. Geologic analysis of the Pacific shelf is a prerequisite Corpus Christ! Bay to solution of a broad spectrum of problems ranging The buried late Pleistocene surface beneath Corpus from mineral-resource appraisal to prudent use of the Christi Bay, Tex., is revealed on subbottom acoustical- marine environment in this earthquake-prone area. profile records, according to L. E. Garrison. Interpreta­ Studies of recently discovered submerged placer de­ tion of these profiles indicates that the average width of posits of heavy metals along coastal regions of Cali­ the ancient Nueces River valley is 8 km and the maxi­ fornia, Oregon, and Washington have continued. One mum depth is 33 m below present sea level. The course critical need for both reconnaissance and detailed geo­ of the buried channel was traced beneath Mustang logic analysis on the Pacific shelf is the assessment of Barrier Island and onto the shelf in the Gulf of Mexico geologic hazards in order to provide data needed for in a south-southeasterly direction. Many thick Holocene urban planning and development and for ensign and oyster reefs were found buried in the upper reaches of construction of major engineering installations adjacent the old Nueces River valley. The buried reefs are more to estuaries and on the sea floor. Through research con­ abundant than those now living in the bay. Many small- tracts with the Geological 'Survey, several universities scale faults are indicated in the alluvial fill of the are contributing to marine heavy-metals investigations buried valley. on the Pacific shelf. Included in this program are the Gulf of Mexico sediments University of Washington, Oregon State University, Study of sediment samples from the deep part of the University of Oregon, Stanford University, University Gulf of Mexico by D. K. Davies (Texas A. & M. Univ.) of Southern California, and University of California indicates that the sediments of the abyssal plain con­ at San Diego (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) sist largely of repetitious vertical successions of detrital (SIO). silt and mud and include several distinct carbonate Southern California nearshore studies layers. The thin carbonate layers probably are turbidites Joint investigations with the University of Southern that originated on the Campeche shelf and traveled as California consist of systematic sampling of the south­ much as 550 km into the Gulf of Mexico. ern California nearshore area from Point Conception Puerto Rico nearshore studies to the Mexican border, in order to obtain a reliable pic­ A new program, undertaken by the Geological Sur­ ture of the composition of sand entering the marine vey in cooperation with the Industrial Development Ad­ environment. D. S. Gorsline . (Univ. of S. Calif.) re­ ministration of Puerto Rico, is aimed at evaluating ports that the highest heavy-mineral concentration is the heavy-metal and oil and gas potential of a 3,900- found along the coast from the San Gabriel River to sq-km area in the Mona Passage and off the southwest the Mexican .border, reflecting the proximity of penin­ coast of Puerto Rico. Sediments were sampled from sular batholithic rocks. Preliminary petrolo^ic studies the beach outward to depths of 600 to 900 m. Subbottom suggest that the several species of feldspar and quartz acoustical profiling of Mona Passage and investigations can be distinguished and may prove to be useful indica­ of sediments and structure of the submerged shelf ad­ tors of source terrane. jacent to the southwest coast of Puerto Rico are in prog­ San Francisco Bay studies ress. Interpretation of the acoustical profiles by L. E. Studies of San Francisco Bay are designed to provide Garrison shows a number of west-trending faults with­ geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical datr, critically in certain areas of Mona Passage. The records indicate needed by the already large and burgeoning population that vertical displacement on at least one of these may that lives along the shores of one of the country's largest be more than 600 m, and some faults can be traced and busiest estuaries. Approximately 800 km of sub- shoreward onto Puerto Rico. High-resolution profiles bottom acoustic profiling with simultaneous rse of high- in harbors along the south and west coasts of Puerto and low-frequency sound sources have been done over Rico indicate an average thickness of 11 m for Holocene San Francisco Bay and adjoining San Pablo and Sui- sediment. Most of these sediments are ponded behind sun Bays to define the structure, distribution, and topog­ reefs which rim the shelf edge and overlie seaward- raphy of the bedrock and the overlying blanket of dipping sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age. A previ­ soft sediments. Two high-angle faults were discovered ously unreported submarine canyon that crosses the and traced near the city of San Francisco; they show southwest shelf and slope of Puerto Rico in a south- vertical displacements of at least 15 m and cut the young southwesterly direction appears to be fault controlled. sediments of the bay floor. The bedrock s irface and MARINE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY A77 the distribution and thickness of the overlying sedi­ State University as part of the Survey's heavy-metals ments have been mapped in the west-central portion program. Possible submerged Holocene beach placers of the bay. Some of this profiling (done in cooperation have been located, and their origin, extent, and ecor omic with the State of California Division of Bay Toll Cross­ potential are being investigated. ings) across a line of borings has defined the position Analyses of samples taken systematically on the Con­ of major unconsolidated geologic units along a proposed tinental Shelf off southern Oregon show the preser'ie of bridge crossing, and will decrease the cost of further two distinct large-scale gold anomalies in the surface bore-hole investigations. Bottom sediments have been sediment. The anomalies, verified by resampling, trend sampled along a preliminary network; these will es­ approximately parallel to the present shoreline an-i are tablish the grain-size distribution, the general miner­ both about 13 km long, 3 to 4 km wide, and in water alogy, and the organic and heavy-mineral content of depths of less than 55 m. The Au content, occurring as the bay sediments. A series of bathymetric-contour maps detrital grains, ranges from a^bout 0.01 to 0.15 pprn in of San Francisco Bay from the year 1853 to the present, one anomaly and 0.01 to 0.04 ppm in the other. The now in preparation, will assist in defining the patterns highest grades lie in a belt about 1 km wide in the center of sediment accumulation, transportation, and erosion of each anomaly. during the period of modification of the natural-sedi­ Several lines of evidence suggest that the anomalies ment budget by man's activities. are a "halo" on submerged relict beaches formed at Northern California nearshore studies previous low stillstands of the sea rather than as a result of present-day sedimentation on the shelf. / box A joint research study by Scripps Institution of core from a depth of 150 m off the Rogue River con­ Oceanography (SIO), La Jolla, Calif., and the Geo­ tained an assemblage of fossil shells that normally occur logical Survey to appraise the mineral-resource poten­ at depths of 25 to 45 m. Grain size of the gold is tial of the northern California Continental Shelf has similar to that found in present beaches. The gold begun. Unusually high concentrations of heavy min­ anomalies are much more linear than the heavy-mineral erals were discovered on the sea floor north of Crescent belts in which they occur perhaps because other 1 °;avy City, Calif., according to G. W. Moore and E. L. Silvers minerals, much less dense than gold, are more readily (SIO). In the richest tract, an area of about 15 sq km, scattered by bottom currents. The gold anomalies tend more than 40 percent of the minerals in the bottom to parallel the present shoreline, as do relict bead ?-s in sediment have a density higher than 2.85. These de­ emergent terrace deposits on the Oregon coast immedi­ posits extend from the toe of a modern beach to water ately onshore from the anomaly. If the anomaly is on depths of 27 m some 5 km offshore; acoustic-reflection the upper surface of a relict beach, the underlying sand profiles show that the sediment is less than 5 m thick. may contain enough gold, platinum, and other 1 °,avy The spatial relationship between the offshore concen­ minerals to warrant serious economic consideration. trations of heavy minerals and similar deposits onshore Several other submerged beach deposits are sugg'^ted suggests that the offshore deposits consist of black by linear concentrations of heavy minerals which ap­ sands of Pleistocene age that were reworked during the proximately parallel the present shoreline. Mapietic postglacial rise of sea level. anomalies consistent with the extent, thickness, and A submarine plateau lies adjacent to the Continental magnetic-mineral content of known buried relict benches Shelf off northern California and southern Oregon at occur over these deposits. depths of 800 to 1,000 m. It is about 25 km wide and is believed to be a depressed part of the shelf. Along Oregon black-sands provenance the outer edge of the plateau, about 75 km offshore, anti­ To determine the provenance of the heavy-metal- clinal basement ridges penetrate a cover of gently folded bearing black sands on the southern Oregon shelf, geo­ rocks. Foraminifera in rocks dredged along the axis logic studies are being conducted in several of the of several of these ridges off Crescent City, Calif., are major drainage systems adjacent to this area by Sam late Eocene in age. Interpretation of an acoustic-reflec­ Boggs, Jr., and E. M. Baldwin (both of the Univ. of tion survey of the surrounding bedrock suggests a sim­ Oreg.). Detailed sampling has been completed at 20 ilar age for much of the basement of this submarine localities on the Sixes River, which contains a number plateau. of gold and .platinum deposits. At each locality the sedi­ ment type on exposed bars and in the riverbed ,was Oregon black sands mapped. Textural, ipetrographic, and geochemical H. E. Clifton is jointly investigating the economic analyses are providing information on the sediment potential of black sands on the southern Oregon Con­ transport within this drainage basin. Heavy-mineral- tinental Shelf with L. D. Kulm and others from Oregon bearing sandstones in the Rogue River drainage, for- A78 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS merly considered to be of Jurassic or Cretaceous age, probably were formed by gravity slides irto deeper have been shown by Baldwin to be middle Eocene. parts of the marine basin during early Oligocene time. These sands probably constitute an important source of Graded sandstone beds with intercalated siltstone of Holocene heavy minerals in the offshore. early to middle Miocene age crop out between the Hoh Oregon terrace deposits and Queets Rivers. Massive to well-bedded sandstone and siltstone with thick conglomerate interbeds of late In the Port Orford-Cape Blanco areas, southwestern Miocene to Pliocene age occur between Cape Elizabeth Oregon, five levels of marine-terrace deposits of Plio­ and Grays Harbor. cene and Pleistocene age have been recognized and Several large through-going faults have intensely de­ mapped by R. J. Janda on the basis of lateral continuity, formed the pre-upper Miocene sequence; vertical to degree of soil-profile development, and erosional modifi­ overturned strata are common. Lateral displacements cation. Preliminary reconnaissance mapping suggests along these faults are probably many kilometers because that the 4 lower levels are correlative with 4 terraces in thick lenses of near-source conglomerate, composed of the Bandon area, 40 km to the north. Sediments on all siibangular to angular clasts of granitic and metamor- terrace levels in the Cape Blanco area were deposited in phic rocks, are found near Cape Alava. Their nearest a variety of coastal environments. Study of variations known source is on Vancouver Island, 80 km to the of sedimentary f acies within individual terraces reveals north. oscillations in relative sea level that are not discernible Acoustical subbottom-profile records of the Con­ from a study of physiography alone. At least three tinental Shelf adjacent to the Olympic Coast were re­ distinct periods of intensive dune activity have occurred cently obtained by L. C. Bennett and Muriel Grim (both since deposition of the youngest marine terrace in north­ of the Univ. of Wash.). Study of these records indicates ern Curry County. Relative changes in sea level have that broad folds characterize most of the outer shelf. influenced only the lowermost courses of the steep The structure is more complex near the shoreline and coastal rivers of southwestern Oregon. All five terraces the acoustic profiles show numerous faults, tight folds, in the Cape Blanco area have been warped tectonically, and penetration structures which may be shple diapirs. and at least the two oldest have been offset by normal Some structural elements on the shelf can be correlated faulting. A comparison of the structural trends dis­ with those exposed along the coastal belt and provide played by rocks of Quaternary, Pliocene, middle Mio­ much needed data on the tectonic framework of the cene, Eocene, and Late Cretaceous ages suggests that Olympic Coast .and adjacent shelf. T. L. Burnett, Jr. axes of deformation have shifted progressively west­ (Univ. of Wash.), is currently undertaking sedimento- ward with the passage of time. logic investigations of samples dredged from the Wash­ Washington nearshore studies ington shelf. Analyses of 30 of 200 samples collected Reconnaissance geologic mapping along the Pacific suggests a very low gold background (lesr than 0.01 coast of the Olympic Peninsula by P. D. Snavely, Jr., ppm) for this area. and N. S. Macleod has provided significant new data on the stratigraphy and complex structure of Tertiary ALASKA CONTINENTAL MARG'N sedimentary and volcanic rocks exposed in sea cliffs and on wave-cut platforms. A major unconformity separates A major part of the Geological Survey's marine pro­ highly deformed strata of Eocene to middle Miocene age gram is devoted to a comprehensive study of the geo­ from gently warped sedimentary rocks of late Miocene logic framework, mineral resources, and geologic and Pliocene age. The oldest exposed rocks in this hazards of the Continental Shelf areas adjoining the coastal belt, pillow basalts and breccias of early to mid­ coasts of Alaska. These shelf areas are amor g the larg­ dle Eocene age, crop out near Cape Flattery and in sev­ est geologically unexplored areas in the United States, eral fault blocks in headlands between the Queets River and studies indicate that they may contair major re­ and Point Grenville. A thick sequence of upper Eocene serves of petroleum, natural gas, and detrital heavy to lower (?) Oligocene siltstone, sandstone, and con­ minerals such as gold, tin, and platinum. In addition, glomerate crops out along the coast between Cape Flat­ studies in the Bering and Chukchi Seas are providing tery and the Hoh River. The sandstone beds are graded, new information on the evolution of the North Amer­ contain sole markings, and are probably turbidites. ican and Asian continents and the time and circum­ Also within this sequence are thick units composed of stances of their past land connections. Studies in the randomly oriented blocks of sandstone and conglomer­ Gulf of Alaska are also contributing information on ate set in a siltstone matrix, and large infolds of sand­ the development of island arcs and marginal deep stone as much as 30 m across. These chaotic units trenches, and on earthquake hazards that are important MARINE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY A79 in planning urban and port expansion in the areas where 100 bottom samples and dredge hauls were taken. Irter- much of Alaska's urban population is concentrated. The pretation of deep-penetration seismic profiles by D. W. studies in the Bering Sea are under the leadership of Scholl revealed a series of-deep basins containing as D. M. Hopkins and those in the Gulf of Alaska are led much as 2,000 m of sediments. Earlier studies by Scholl by R. E. von Huene. Several universities, conducting and E. C. Buffington (Naval Undersea Warfare Center) research under contract, and several other Federal had indicated that rocks composing an acoustic baser* ent agencies are participating in the Alaskan studies; these crop out on the continental margin, and a dredge haul include the University of Alaska (heavy-metal resource obtained from the Thompson shows that this baser* ent studies on the Gulf of Alaska shelf), the University of rock consists of turbidites of Late Cretaceous (Cam- Washington (general marine geologic studies of the panian) age. Rocks sampled by dredge hauls in the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea), the Naval Pribilof Canyon and boreholes offshore at Nome show Oceanographic Office (ship support in the Gulf of that the thick sedimentary cover in the basins is mostly Alaska and southern Bering Sea), the Naval Undersea of Neogene age. Upper Miocene marine rocks are present Warfare Center (joint Geological Survey-Navy geo­ at the continental margin, and upper Miocene or Plio­ physical studies in the Gulf of Alaska and southern cene marine sediments are present off Nome. The size Bering Sea), the Coast and Geodetic Survey (system­ of the basins, character of the rocks, and abundance of atic hydrographic and geophysical studies in the minor broad folds indicate that the Bering shelf has a northern Bering Sea), and the Bureau of Mines (bore­ large and entirely unexpected petroleum potential. hole investigations of possible gold placers in the north­ Gently folded rocks that may be of Tertiary age also ern Bering Sea). occur just north of Bering Strait, according to M. L. Gulf of Alaska investigations Holmes (Univ. of Wash.). High-resolution seismic profiles and dredged relict Joint studies with the University of Alaska in the sediments studied by D. M. Hopkins and by Muriel Grim Gulf of Alaska began with the 1967 cruise of the RV (Univ. of Wash.) show that glaciation has been far Acona. One hundred thirty-one samples were taken on more extensive in the western Bering Sea than had the shelf and in Yakutat Bay, and 2,000 km of continu­ been anticipated. Analysis of the dredge hauls and ous seismic profiles have been analyzed. R. E. von Huene comparisons with the geologic studies of C. L. Spins- and E. H. Lathram are collaborating with F. F. Wright bury and Hopkins on land on western Seward Peninsula of the university in this work. Submerged glacial mo­ and O. M. Petrov (Acad. Sci., USSR) on Chukotka raines were identified on the profiles in several areas, and Peninsula, Siberia, indicate that the glaciation was one of them appears to form one wall of Yakutat Sea probably of Illinoian age. Study by M. L. Holmes and Valley, in part controlling the course of this feature. J. S. Creager (both of the Univ. of Wash.) of seismic The gross tectonic nature of the Continental Shelf was profiles north of Bering Strait show that Cape Prince found to change near Yakutat Bay. Southeast of the of Wales Shoal is in part a constructional feature of bay the outer margin of the shelf is a northwest-trend­ Pleistocene and Holocene age and confirms an earlier ing anticlinal structure paralleling the coast, and the conclusion by Creager and D. A. McManus (Univ. of potential for petroleum is good if source rocks exist. Wash.) that the shoal is a spitlike feature formed by the West of Yakutat Bay, northeast-trending structures in­ strong northward currents passing through Bering terrupt the coastal trend; their age and nature are Strait. Both the glaciated area and the Cape Prince of important factors in evaluating the petroleum potential Wales Shoal are attractive target areas for possible sub­ west of this area. merged placer deposits of gold and tin. Research to define sedimentary processes in fiords is Grain-size and trend-surface studies by D. A. Mc­ being intensified as a basis for evaluating the economic Manus and his colleagues at the University of Washing­ potential of fiords. D. R. Hood (Univ. of Alaska) has ton show that the Yukon River has been an important begun research on the geochemical controls governing source of the recent bottom sediments in both the Bering transport and deposition of heavy metals in the glaci­ and Chukchi Seas. Analysis in the Geological Survey ated environment. laboratories indicates that the sandy mud covering much Bering Sea investigations of the bottom of the northern Bering Sea has an excep­ On a joint Geological Survey-University of Wash­ tional (0.03 to 0.10 ppm) background of fine, subvisible ington cruise of the RV Thotnas G. Thompson., magnetic gold. Although this mud is not economically minable, data and continuous seismic-reflection profiles were ob­ it provides important information on the geochemical tained along nearly 1,800 km of track, concentrated and sedimentary cycle of gold and suggests the possi­ mostly in the northern Bering Sea; in addition, about bility of finding higher local concentrations. A80 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

Nome nearshore studies Hawaii and the Eevillagigedo Islands off Mexico, the Geophysical data, bottom samples, and boreholes organic content of sediments in the deep Ncrth Pacific, drilled near the coast during a joint Geological Sur­ and Holocene sea-level changes in the western Pacific. vey-Bureau of Mines investigation in the Nome area Studies of the deep-ocean floor are requir^-d to assess have been studied by A. R. Tagg, C. H. Nelson, and their resources potential, and to provide guidelines for H. G. Greene and have defined the configuration of bed­ development of national policy in problems of owner­ rock, established the existence of mineralized fault ship or use. Investigations are also needed in the deep- zones offshore, and demonstrated the entirely unexpected ocean areas off islands for which the Nation has respon­ presence of late Tertiary marine sediments terminating sibility, such as the Trust Territory of the Pacific at a submerged and buried shoreline less than l1/^ km Islands. off the coast of Nome. These studies have defined 2 sheets Reef features of Caroline and Marshall Islands of glacial drift of Illinoian and pre-Illinoian age that J. I. Tracey, Jr., reports that extensive emergent reef extend in a lobate pattern about 5 km offshore in the limestone is found above highest tide lines or Guam and central part of the Nome area. Another previously un­ Midway, and small remnants containing corals in situ known buried beach line, probably of middle Wisconsin are present generally less than 1 m above the present age, lies within the Quaternary section at a depth of reef flat on the atolls of Onotoa, Funafuti, Bikini, and 21 m below present sea level, and late "Wisconsin and Ifalik. Radiocarbon ages for those from Guam, Mid­ Holocene beach lines expressed by ridges and scarps way, Bikini, and Ifalik range from 1,230±250 to on the sea bottom have been discovered at depths of 4,050±300 years, and most fall within the same 2,000- 23,20,17, and 11 m. A number of submerged and nearly to 3,000-year range that was found for the extensive buried river channels, formed during low sea-level flattopped platforms of cemented coral rubble in the episodes, were discovered and traced. Individual streams central Caroline-Marshall area. on land are represented by several channels offshore, Although accumulation of rubble platforms and lith- also suggesting more than one episode of sea-level ification in the intertidal zone do not require a higher lowering. sea level, many of these old platforms are extensively These discoveries at Nome define a series of important lithified horizontally and thus differ from the relict targets for future exploratory drilling. Gold from linear conglomerate remnants that mark the former mineralized fault zones may have been reworked into sites of island beaches. The low reef remrants, wide­ placers on nearby bedrock surfaces. The submerged and spread truncated reef flats, and contemporaneity of buried beach of late Tertiary age contains significant the rubble platforms indicate that conditions through­ gold concentrations. The glacial drift contains modest out the area were considerably different se.veral thou­ amounts of gold throughout the offshore area, as it does sand years ago. A relative sea-level stanc" somewhat onshore; in a few places, the gold content approaches higher than at present perhaps 1 m in this area pro­ values that may constitute a minable resource. The vides the simplest explanation. buried beach of middle Wisconsin age contains little gold where it has been tested, well east of the drift area, MARINE-RESOURCE APPRAISX I but it may prove to contain economic concentrations where incised into the Illinoian drift. The late Wiscon­ F. H. Wang has prepared for the United Nations a sin and Holocene beaches have not been adequately report "Resources of the Sea (Beyond the Continental tested by drilling, but they likely contain gold concen­ Shelf)" for UN. Economic and Social Council Reso­ trations in and near the drift area. Valleys cut into the lution 1112 (XL). The report, in English, French, drift during several intervals of low sea level have been Russian, and Spanish, was officially presented by the shown to contain gold concentrations. Secretary-General to the 44th Session of tin Economic and Social Council meeting in New York in May 1968. OCEANIC ISLANDS The report describes potential and known mineral re­ sources and the technology for their exploration and In addition to studies of the continental margins of exploitation. the United States, the Geological Survey is supporting Many offshore petroliferous sedimentary basins ex­ activities to increase knowledge of the deep-ocean floor, tend from the Continental Shelf onto the Continental mostly hi cooperative undertakings with other organi­ Slope. Although the subsurface geology cf the slope zations, including the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and beyond is little known, and therefore thQ, petroleum and various agencies of the Department of Defense. potential of the deeper water regions can H only ten­ These studies have resulted in recent significant con­ tatively evaluated, there can be little question that tributions to knowledge of submarine volcanism off potentially the most important mineral resources in MARINE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY A81 the slope are petroleum and natural gas. It is also con­ ual depletion of high-grade land deposits and chrnges ceivable that the Continental Rise (the apron of sedi­ in world demand for minerals may prove to stimu­ ments sloping toward the abyss from the base of the late ocean exploitation in the not too distant future. Continental Slope) may locally have developed con­ ditions favorable to generation and accumulation of MARINE SEDIMENTOLOGY petroleum. Marine sedimentology is the study of sediments de­ Other subsurface deposits, such as sulfur, coal, bed­ posited in the marine environment. As such it incudes ded salt, and potash deposits, certain iron ores, and not only study of the origin of marine sedimentary many metallic minerals in veins, are not likely to oc­ rocks, but also study of sediment as related to other cur in significant economic deposits in bedrock under­ problems, such as silting up of estuaries and harbors. lying the abyssal ocean floor. These sedimentologic studies include littoral sedim^ta- Submarine phosphorite deposits, occurring as blan­ tion, estuarine sedimentation, sedimentary processes kets of nodules, pellets, rock coatings, and mudbanks, are within submarine canyons, and the composition of sus­ generally low grade when compared with those now pended material. Experimental studies are also con­ mined on land. For certain coastal countries that do ducted on the nature and depositional mechanisr>s of not have land deposits, however, offshore deposits may turbidity currents and other forms of slurry flow. prove valuable. Studies of marine sedimentary rocks that are not an in­ Manganese nodules and slabs, which also contain cop­ tegral part of the Geological Survey's marine program per, nickel, cobalt, and other metals, have formed are described under "Sedimentary Petrology" within slowly on the abyssal ocean floor. Although their re­ the section "Sedimentology". gional distribution is as yet imperfectly known, their future potential is enormous. Littoral sedimentation Placer deposits containing tin, gold, diamonds, Study of the origin of beach lamination by H. E. chromite, iron sands, and many industrial minerals, Clifton shows that the laminae are produced by bed flow such as occur near shore, are not likely present beyond during wave backwash. Within the flowing bed a shear the shelf. Extraction from sea water of salt, bromine, sorting occurs that causes the finest and densest grains magnesium, and fresh water may one day be under­ to work their way downward with respect to coarser taken beyond the shelf, but it is now considered or lighter grains. The result is a two-fold sedimentation uneconomical. unit with a heavy-mineral or fine-grained lamination Today's marine mineral-exploration techniques are at the base that grades upward into a light-mineral or capable under many circumstances of locating and eval­ coarse lamination at the top. uating deposits under the sea but at a cost higher than Clifton also evaluated use of the bedding characteris­ on land. Exploratory drilling, which is now routine tics of littoral and fluviatile gravel for distinguishing in water as much as 300 m deep (and may be possible between these depositional environments in sedimentary eventually in over 1,000 m of water) is much simpler rocks. Study of 25 different gravels in terrace deposits than drilling for oil and gas recovery. Deep-water com­ whose origin is definitely or fairly certainly known in­ pletion and production techniques, rather than the ac­ dicates that most littoral gravel shows a greater lateral tual drilling, now limit oil exploitation in the ocean persistence of bedding and higher degree to which peb­ environment. However, great advances have also taken bles are concentrated into discrete beds than does fhvia- place in this field with the development of large self- tile gravel. Quantitative measures were devised to de­ contained multiwell and multideck production plat­ scribe the type of bedding present and to provide a forms, directional drilling, improved oil-well servicing, quantitative means for distinguishing between the two deep-diving techniques, underwater robots, submersi- types of gravel. bles, and other systems which provide more efficient and A previously undescribed sedimentary structure* was economic exploitation. found by R. E. Hunter to occur commonly on windrwept Among the problems involved in mineral-resources beaches. The structure consists of a series of arasto- development beyond the shelf, special attention should mosing ridges of sand spaced less than 1 cm apar* and be given to detailed bathymetric, geologic, and geophys­ elongated transversely to wind direction. It can be ob­ ical mapping of the sea floor and engineering research served to form where strong winds blow dry sand to improve today's exploitation technology. Engineer­ across moist sand on the foreshore. Hunter has found a ing capabilities and the high cost of deep-water work probably identical structure in the Keefer Sandstone (which can only be justified for highly valued products (Silurian) in Pennsylvania. Its presence indicates sub- recovered at a price competitive in world markets) cur­ aerial exposure and a probable beach environment, and rently restrict deep-ocean exploitation. However, grad­ its orientation indicates former wind direction. A82 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS

Submarine-canyon observations With special apparatus in which the channel, rather Observations of present conditions in a submarine than the debris flow, moves, it was found that coarse canyon were made by J. V. A. Trumbull and J. C. particles selectively move forward parallel tc the chan­ Hathaway from the DSRV Alvin in Oceanographer nel axis, moving neither sideways nor vertically until Canyon on the Atlantic shelf. The floor *of the canyon they reach the front of the flow. At the flow front some was 300 m wide and nearly horizontal where observed. of the particles move radially toward the edge of the Ripple marks, current crescents, and erosion of slightly channel and are deposited. At the center of the flow, consolidated deposits near the canyon floor indicate particles are turned over, overridden, and presumably strong down-canyon currents, although during the dives eroded by the advancing debris. Thus, permanent size the current velocity usually did not exceed 10 cm/sec. segregation within the moving flow takes plr,ce largely Slightly consolidated deposits lie unconformably on along the front sides of the flow. canyon-wall bedrock and dip 15° toward the floor; their Sedimentary mineralogy base is undercut. Thus a cycle of sedimentation and A system for computer processing of X-r^y diffrac­ subsequent erosion has occurred since the canyon was tion data on perforated tape has been developed by J. C. formed. Considerable erosion is also indicated by a Hathaway. The output pulses from the pulse-height 12-m escarpment in the middle of the floor that is analyzer of the diffractometer are accumulated and parallel to the canyon axis. A 3-m escarpment transverse punched as straight binary information on 8-channel to the canyon axis exposes a mixture of glacial cobbles perforated tape, which then contains the binary equiva­ and clasts of canyon-wall sediment. The material is lent of the usual scan-type diffractometer pattern. A similar to that previously cored from other canyon computer program transfers the punched information floors. Such transverse escarpments are reported from to magnetic tape, fits a polynomial curve to the back­ many canyons, but their cause is unknown. ground, and removes its effect. Peak positiors, heights, Composition of suspended material in Gulf of Mexico widths, and integrated intensities are determined, re­ The concentration of suspended material in 200 sam­ corded on magnetic tape, and printed. The trpe may be ples of the waters of three areas in the northern Gulf of used as input for qualitative mineralogic analysis, Mexico was measured, and the organic and mineralogic quantitative estimation, and determination of crystal- content of the material was determined by F. T. Man- lographic constants. heim and J. C. Hathaway. In the first two areas, one near Florida and the other in the central Gulf, concen­ ESTUARINE AND COASTAL HYDRO'OGY trations were less than 1 mg/1, and lower values were found in the third area 100 km off the coast of Louisiana Hydrologic investigations in the estuarice environ­ and Texas. Suspended matter more than 100 km from ment result largely from man's increasing need for shore was mainly combustible organic matter. Pollu­ water and additional areas for housing and recreation tants such as soot, coal, ash, and processed cellulose developments. The coastal areas of the United States fibers were found in a wide band up to 400 km from are experiencing most of the water problems common to land. Mineral grains in the suspended matter form inland regions, as well as problems that are unique. In­ three mineralogic suites that correspond roughly to the crease in the salt content of ground water, ba ys, estuar­ mineralogy of bottom sediments in the three areas. ies, and canals results from sea-water intrusion. Water quality and aquatic life are affected by waste effluents, Slurry flow heat, sediment, pesticides from cities and farms, and Experimental, field, and theoretical analyses of upstream diversion of fresh water for irrigation, indus­ slurry flow are being carried out by A. M. Johnson and trial, and municipal use. Solutions to these oM and new M. A. Hampton (both of Stanford Univ.) under Geo­ problems are being sought in better understanding of logical Survey contract. Preliminary experiments indi­ geology, hydrology, and water quality, and in improved cate that turbidity currents spread laterally in a uni­ management methods. However, the solution to many form way from the mouth of a channel where the chan­ of the problems depends largely on settlement of eco­ nel opens into a wide basin. Suspended sediment, nomic conflicts that are deeply rooted in tradition and however, is concentrated just within the basin along a law. line that is an extension of the axis of the channel. The The coasts of the conterminous United States and its energy of the flow is presumably concentrated in the outlying islands are tremendously diverse in climate, same place and may control the direction of turbidity- topography, and geology. Superimposed on this diver­ current erosion on submarine fans. Such radial channels sity of environment is a diversity of human history of have been observed on apices of modern submarine fans. exploitation of the abundant natural resources. As MARINE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY A83 western man's influence spread across the continent dur­ results from 1- and 3-morith panels closely agreed. The ing the past 3% centuries, the seeds of today's water fact that the attaching juveniles tend to concentrate problems were sowed 'along the Nation's waterways. at the lower depths lends further support to the tl ^ry Nowhere, however, are the problems as old or as press­ that advanced larval stages of estuarine benthic fauna ing as near the sea coasts, where the saga of the Nation's move downward in the water column, taking advantage development began. of a residual or nontidal drift upstream that is evident Estuarine sedimentation in most estuaries and was observed in this one. Attachment faunal observations were also mac1 ?, on Laboratory experiments suggest that suspended mat­ panels submerged in the intake and effluent cooling- ter in rivers is flocculated' and deposited where it reaches water canals of a large steam electric plant located on salt water. R. H. Meade has found, however, that the the estuary. Two to three times the amount of biomass concentration of suspended matter in estuaries associ­ accumulated on the panels in the effluent canal during ated with some moderately large rivers of the Atlantic the period February-August 1967, with no significant seaboard show no accelerated decrease that can be difference in species composition. The increased growth attributed to salt flocculation. The velocity of estuarine appears to be directly related to temperature, which waters is apparently sufficient to obscure the expected averaged 7°C higher in the effluent canal. effects of salinity and to keep the material in suspen­ sion. The general decrease in suspended matter associ-. Salt-water intrusion and municipal wastes in Miami- ated with increasing salinity in a seaward direction can Ft. Lauderdale area, Florida be attributed to simple dilution by sea water. In general the salt front in the highly permeable A maximum concentration of suspended matter near Biscayne aquifer is dynamically stabilized 2 to 8 miles the upstream limit of sea salt is superimposed on the inland from the coast in accordance with fresh-Abater general seaward decrease in suspended-matter concen­ levels maintained in controlled canals of the Central and tration. Suspended-matter concentrations decrease both Southern Florida Flood Control District. However, upstream and downstream from this maximum, which some intrusion continues in response to lowered fresh­ has been found at one time or another in all the estuaries water levels in the vicinity of tidal canals in which of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. It seems to reflect the salinity-control structures are located far upstream and accumulation of suspended matter near the salt limit in areas of extremely heavy pumpage, according to C. B. by net landward flow along the estuary bottom. Slierwood, H. J. McCoy, and Howard Klein. The development of ground-water supplies of as Tidal flow in Connecticut River estuary much as 100 mgd by induced infiltration from major Several gaging stations along the Connecticut River canals slightly upstream of control structures has been estuary are being used by F. H. Ruggles, Jr., and L. A. highly successful, but it also makes the careful monitor­ Weiss to compute upstream and downstream compo­ ing and control of intrusion into the well-field areas nents of tidal flow in the estuary. During 1966 the total highly critical. Salt-intrusion problems have required downstream-flow volume was 4X1011 cu ft, and the major improvements in the water-control system to total upstream-flow volume was 6X1010 cu ft. The alleviate salinity problems in the vicinity of the primary greatest volume of upstream flow during a single tidal well fields of both Miami and Ft. Lauderdale. In Miami cycle was 6.04 X108 cu ft on July 4. When fresh-water a new structure is being designed by the Corps of Engi­ inflow to the estuary is at the rate of about 1.3 XlO9 neers to control flow in the Miami Canal downstream cu ft per day, there is no upstream flow near Middle- from a tributary canal which has caused intrusion to­ town, Conn. ward the well field. In the Ft. Lauderdale Prospect Influence of temperature on attachment organisms in Well Field area a controlled feeder canal is being con­ Patuxent River estuary, Maryland structed by Broward County agencies to convey water During the period 1963-66, observations were made from the regional system into the well-field area to on macrof auna attaching to panels submerged at depths replenish the aquifer and thus provide a barrier against of 0.1, 3.5, and 7 m at the Patuxent River bridge by salt intrusion which is moving into the well field. This R. L. Cory and J. W. Nauman. Five of the six most is the first canal in this area constructed primarily as abundant species showed a significant increase in num­ a well-field-replenishment and salinity-control measure. ber with increase in depth, while only one showed a The effect of effluent wastes and pesticides ir the decrease. Despite the vertical variation in number, com­ canals of the Central and Southern Florida Flood Con­ munity productivity differed little at the 3 levels: 31 trol District is being monitored at several sites to detect percent of the total dry weight at the surface, 38 per­ potential problems. Analyses of samples from 4 canals cent at middepth, and 31 percent at the bottom. The in north Dade County and Broward County, which A84 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS receive as much as 2.5 mgd of treated effluent, indicates ground-water levels south of Homestead, ard (4) in­ a dissolved-oxygen content as low as 0.7 mg/1, low levels crease the frequency of tidal inundations of parts of of several minor chemical constituents related to efflu­ Everglades National Park. As a result of this study, ents, and detectable quantities of Lindane, Dieldrin, the Corps of Engineers agreed to build a temporary or DDT. Although no problems exist at present, the water-control structure and started a program to moni­ induced infiltration of large quantities of canal water tor changes in salinity and in water levels. into municipal well fields accents the need for careful To assist in the conservation of fresh water, F. A. monitoring of the quality of the water in the system. Kohout in his analyses of a plan for urbanization of Hydrology of Old Tampa Bay, Fla. 203 sq mi of swampland on the fringe of the Everglades, calls for the pumping of excess water westward over J. A. Mann is studying the feasibility of converting a dikes into a conservation area instead of eastward to iT-sq-mi area of salt-water estuary Old Tampa Bay into a fresh-water lake. One of the primary objectives tidewater. of the fresh-water lake is to reduce salt-water encroach­ Composition of San Francisco Bay water ment in the underlying aquifers. Test drilling at several D. H. Peterson is studying the waters of San Fran­ locations in the bay bottom have revealed a relatively cisco Bay with emphasis on distribution, charpcteristics, impermeable clay layer which, if areally extensive, and abundance of suspended clay minerals and organic should effectively seal off water in the bay from that in materials as related to season, source, and de positional the aquifers. environment. Nutrients associated with th«, organic Preliminary calculations indicate that the average materials are also being investigated. yearly runoff from the contributing area of the proposed Preliminary results show that waters at the south lake would be sufficient to displace the volume of water end of the bay, which are known to have a rela tively low in the lake twice each year. During 1956, the driest year dissolved-oxygen content (generally less than 5 mg/1), of record, the inflow would have been sufficient to are relatively high in dissolved organic material (up to maintain lake level at or above minimum design level 10 mg/1). The abundance of ammonium, nitrite, and for the entire year. nitrate appears to be too high to be explaired by the Digital water-quality monitoring equipment has been concentration of dissolved organic material. Tenta­ installed to record rainfall on the water surface as well tively, this suggests significant alteration of suspended as to record conductivity, temperature, and the stage of particulate organic material or decomposition of or­ Old Tampa Bay. A digital recorder equipped with a ganic matter to CO2 or to carbonaceous material that is conductivity probe has been installed on a deep well not detected as dissolved organic carbon. near Old Tampa Bay to monitor movement of the fresh­ Nitrate-nitrogen levels and planktonic production, Sacra­ water-salt-water interface in the principal artesian mento San Joaquin estuary, California aquifer. W. D. Silvey, in a study of dissolved-oxyger dynamics Hydrographs from shallow and deep wells near the in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary, reports that bay and from a deep well at some distance inland show nutrients, nitrogen, and phosphorus show no diurnal a pattern of water-level fluctuations that is similar to variations in concentration. Furthermore, phosphate- that in the bay. These relations may be a result of phosphorus levels were found not to be a limiting factor interconnection between water in the bay and that in with respect to planktonic growth activity. However, the aquifers or the effects of external compression of the nitrate-nitrogen levels were a limiting factor during the aquifer and its confining layer. spring maximum, and remained a factor tl rough the Some hydrologic effects of canal 111, Florida spring bloom period. The data strongly indicate that the essential nutrients are derived mainly from the A study of the canal 111 area in southernmost Dade bottom sediments of the estuary, and that the rate of County by H. H. Barnes, F. W. Meyer, and J. H. Hart- release of nitrate-nitrogen from the sediments limits well showed that excavation at U.S. Highway 1 near the plankton production. After the spring maximum, dif­ coast, which had been proposed, would both endanger ferent species of phytoplankton develop sm?,ll popula­ the ecology in parts of Everglades National Park and tions, suggesting that other factors possibly micro- accelerate salt-water intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer nutrients limit their growth. south of Homestead. Meyer and J. E. Hull, in an addi­ tional analysis of ground- water records for the area Tidal sediment transport, Bolinas Lagoon, Co I if. near canal 111, emphasized that the proposed excavation Measurements of water and sediment discharge were would (1) increase fresh-water seepage losses, (2) ac­ made through a tidal cycle on June 22,1967, at the inlet celerate inland encroachment of sea water, (3) lower of Bolinas Lagoon, north of San Francisco. One- MANAGEMENT OP NATURAL RESOURCES ON FEDERAL AND INDIAN LANDS A85 hundred-fifty-two tons of suspended sediment was car­ mixed fresh water and salt water override unmixed salt ried into the lagoon by the floodtide, whereas only 36 water, it was confirmed on 17 out of 22 occasions at the tons was carried out of the lagoon by the ebbtide. Ten surface, but on only 6 out of 15 occasions at depth, in water measurements and seven sediment measurements the salt water. At the mouth of the estuary the inverse were made during the floodtide (lower low water to relationship was found to exist 5 times out of 7 at the lower high water). Six water measurements and five surface, but only 1 time out of 7 at depth. sediment measurements were made during the ebbtide (lower high water to higher low water). According to MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES J. R. Ritter, the maximum measured water discharge and average velocity during floodtide were 5,810 cfs ON FEDERAL AND INDIAN LANDS and 3.5 fps, respectively, and during ebbtide were 3,720 The functions of the Conservation Division of the cfs and 2.4 fps. The range of floodtide was about 4 feet, U.S. Geological Survey relate to the conservation and and that of ebbtide about 1.3 feet. development of the water and leasable mineral re­ Chemistry of Mattole River water, California sources of the Federal and Indian lands, including the A detailed investigation of the Mattole River in Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Primary objectives northern California by V. C. Kennedy and R. L. Mal­ are: (1) to preserve public-land reservoir sites to assure colm is designed to establish the relationship at different their availability as needed for future water-resources times between stream discharge and quantity of organic development; (2) to promote the efficient and tiriely and inorganic constituents contributed to the sea. The development, maximum utilization, and proper disposal Mattole River was chosen because it is virtually free of of mineral resources which are leasable under the Min­ chemical changes caused by man. Analyses of the stream eral Leasing Acts on public, acquired, and Outer Con­ water show a consistent pattern of silica variation with tinental Shelf lands; and (3) to assure that the govern­ water discharge. When rain begins, the initial runoff ment receives a fair capital and royalty return for the shows a decrease in silica concentration, compared with exploitation of its lands and minerals. that before the rain. However, within 8 to 16 hours, the Division geologists and engineers evaluate and dissolved-silica content increases rapidly and commonly classify Federal lands for leasable minerals and for res­ exceeds the concentrations present before the storm. This ervoir and waterpower sites. They determine the value increase in silica can occur while the stream discharge of leasable mineral resources in such lands in orde,r to is still increasing and the specific conductance and dis- establish a minimum acceptable price for the sale, by solved-salts content are decreasing. Peak silica concen­ competitive bidding, of the right to prospect and de­ trations are reached in 3 to 4 days after maximum water velop the mineral deposits in them. Division engineers discharge. The silica concentration then slowly decreases also supervise the prospecting, development, and extrac­ while discharge continues to decrease and specific con­ tion of leasable minerals in Federal lands and establish, ductance increases. Silica concentrations range from 6 collect, and account for royalties on mineral production. to 7 mg/1 at the end of the summer dry season to a high Similar functions are performed for some Indian lands. of 12 to 13 mg/1 during the winter rainy season. The Field offices of the Division are listed on page A 215. silica and specific-conductance data suggest the possi­ Geologic and hydrologic investigations in progres^ by bility that seepage water from surface soils has a rela­ geologists and engineers of the Conservation Division tively high silica content and low dissolved-salts content are given in the list starting on page A221 under the compared with the deeper ground water of the area. categories "Geologic Mapping," "Glaciology," "Water- power Classification," and various commodities such as Behavior of phytoplankton in Duwamish estuary, "Coal" and "Petroleum and Natural Gas." Scientific and Washington economic results of these investigations are published An inverse correlation between tidal stage and chloro­ as books and maps in the regular series of Geological phyll concentration previously had been noted by E. B. Survey publications. Important scientific findings of Welch, of the U.S. Geological Survey, and G. W. Isaac, current interest by Division geologists are included in of the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, in a study the section "Geological, Geophysical, and Mineral- of phytoplankton in the Duwamish estuary, near Seat­ Resource Studies." tle. During the summer and early fall of 1967, field data gathered by L. J. Tilley afforded material for a test of CLASSIFICATION OF MINERAL LANDS the hypothesis of inverse relationship between the two parameters. In the upstream, fresh-water part of the The Organic Act creating the Geological Survey estuary the hypothesis was confirmed on 4 out of 12 charged the Director with the responsibility of classify - occasions. In the salt-wedge part of the estuary, where ing the public-domain lands. In order to prevent aliena- A86 RESOURCE INVESTIGATIONS tion of lands containing valuable minerals not subject to New geologic quadrangle maps prepared for classifi­ the general mining laws, large areas of such lands were cation purposes are published in the standard map series withdrawn and classified, and they may not be dis­ of the Geological Survey. posed of without a reservation of mineral rights to the government. Withdrawn lands not yet classified are WATERPOWER CLASSIFICATION PRESERVA­ being systematically investigated geologically and TION OF RESERVOIR SITES evaluated for their mineral potential. Mineral-land classification is a determination of the The objective of this program is to identify, evaluate, mineral or nomnineral character of the Federal lands classify, and segregate from disposal or adverse use all in terms of the quality, thickness, depth, and extent of reservoir sites on the public lands which have a signifi­ leasable mineral deposits. The geologic data for evaluat­ cant potential for future development, thus contribut­ ing these criteria are obtained from all sources, includ­ ing to the preservation of a scarce and vanishing val­ ing detailed mapping and sampling. Continual reap­ uable natural resource. Division engineers investigate praisal of classification and revision of the standards to stream basins to identify and evaluate reservoir sites, be used in classification determinations are required to and make resource studies to provide land-administer­ keep resource evaluations consistent with current ing agencies with information basic to land disposal geologic knowledge, mineral technology, and land use. and multiple-use-management decisions. Th^y also con­ Mineral-land classification complements the leasing tinually review previous classifications as more reliable provisions of the Mineral Leasing Acts by reserving to streamflow and topographic data are accumulated, as the government, in disposal of public land, the title to technology changes, and as alternative river develop­ such energy resources as coal, oil, gas, oil shale, asphalt, ments are undertaken or completed. Many early classifi­ and bituminous sands, and such fertilizer and industrial cations are being revised, and much land is released for minerals as phosphate, potash, sodium, and sulfur. All return to the unencumbered public domain for disposi­ minerals in acquired and Outer Continental Shelf lands tion or multiple-use management. During fiscal year are reserved and are subject to the Mineral Leasing 1968, about 123,000 acres of land withdrawn for water- Acts. power purposes were reviewed. A program "Marine Resource Evaluation" was ini­ The Geological Survey conducts a limited specialized tiated in 1968. This is designed to establish ,a value to mapping program, largely confined to sites in Alaska, to be used as the minimum acceptable price for OCS lease aid in water-resources classification of areas not covered blocks offered for sale by competitive bidding. In this by maps of standard accuracy in the topographic-quad­ program Division geologists and engineers analyze sub­ rangle series. River basins are mapped at a scale of surface data available from drilling by private com­ 1:24,000, and lake bottoms are contoured by precise panies in prospecting and developing leased tracts on sounding surveys. the OCS. The information thus acquired permits the evaluation of nearby undrilled lease blocks to be offered SUPERVISION OF MINERAL LEASING in future sales and is expected to return large benefits in increased financial returns from the sale of development Supervision of exploration, prospecting, develop­ rights to OCS mineral deposits. ment, and recovery of leasable minerals in deposits on Currently about 50 million acres of withdrawn or Federal and Indian lands is a function of th^ Geological prospectively valuable mineral lands requires classifica­ Survey under delegation from the Secretary of the In­ tion for leasable minerals to protect the public mineral terior. It includes: (1) Geologic and engineering in­ estate in the event of surface disposal and to provide vestigation of deposits of oil, gas, coal, oil shale, phos­ data for intelligent multiple-land-use management. phate, potash, sodium, and sulfur under application for Areas included in lease applications are classified to lease or prospecting permit; (2) approval of plans for determine whether they shall be subject to competitive drilling, mining, and producing these commodities; (3) or noncompetitive mineral lease or permit. Reports are inspection of operations to insure compliance with oper­ made on more than 20,000 leases and applications each ating regulations, leasing terms, and approved plans for year. development; (4) performance, or witnessing, of pres­ Determinations of mineral potential are made for the sure and flow tests on oil and gas wells; (5) determina­ guidance of various executive agencies, at their request, tion of well-spacing patterns that will pemit optimum on specific tracts of Federal lands under their supervis­ production of oil and gas with minimum expenditure ion that are proposed for sale or exchange. Nearly 5,000 of reservoir energy; (6) verification of production and such reports were made to other Federal agencies in collection of royalties (except that royalties on some 1968. minerals are paid directly to the Bureau of Indian Af- MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ON FEDERAL AND INDIAN LANDS A87

fairs); and (7) investigation of unleased Federal lands produced (except Alaska, which receives 90 percent), near producing fields to determine if they contain de­ and 10 percent to the Federal Treasury. Royalties from posits which are threatened by drainage. In event of other land categories are distributed in many different drainage, agreements are negotiated to compensate the ways as provided by law. Oil, gas, and sulfur royalties Government for oil and gas drained, or such lands are from the Outer Continental Shelf, constituting nore offered for lease under competitive-bidding procedures. than half of all Federal-land mineral royalties in f seal The Geological Survey acts as an advisor to the Sec­ year 1968, are paid directly into the Federal Treasury. retary of the Interior, to other bureaus of the Depart­ Total royalties from all Federal- and Indian-land min­ ment, and to other Government agencies in matters con­ erals exceeded $250 million in 1968. cerned with the administration of the Mineral Leasing Production of crude oil and gas and of other mireral Acts. products, the total value of mineral products, and the Royalties from public lands are distributed as fol­ royalties received from supervised leases on the several lows : 52% percent to the Reclamation Fund, 37^ per­ categories of Federal and Indian lands during fiscal year cent to the States in which the minerals or fuels are 1968 are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3. Mineral production, value, and royalties for fiscal year 1968

Lands Oil Gas Gas liquids Others Value Boyalty (barrels) (thousand cubic feet) (gallons) (tons) (dollars) (dollars^

Public _.___ _.__.__._._._. _ 189,000,000 900, 000, 000 500, 000, 000 25, 600, 000 829, 000, 000 85, 000, 000 11,000,000 28, 000, 000 500, 000 265, 000 51, 000, 000 6, 000, 000 31, 000, 000 125, 000, 000 65, 000, 000 11, 628, 000 132, 000, 000 16, 000, 000 Military- __ _ _ 1,500,000 48, 000, 000 50, 000, 000 _ 13, 500, 000 2, 200, 000 Outer Continental Shelf. _ . . 260, 000, 000 1, 400, 000, 000 _ 1, 900, 000 1, 104, 000, 000 180, 000, 000 Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 2____. __.____._._.__ 3, 000, 000 5, 000, 000 14, 000, 000 _ 10, 000, 000 1, 200, 000 TotaL-______495,500,000 2, 506, 000, 000 629, 500, 000 39, 393, 000 2, 139, 500, 000 290, 400, 000

1 Estimated in part. 2 All minerals except petroleum products; includes coal, potassium, sodium, and so forth.

GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

EXPERIMENTAL GEOPHYSICS Heat flow measured at Mertlo Pork, Calif., using oceanographic techniques GEOTHERMAL STUDIES In many regions, crystalline rocks are covered by hundreds of meters of unconsolidated and poorly con­ Model of thermal history of earth's mantle consistent solidated sediments. Estimates of heat flux within these with observations sediments using standard continental techniques (tem­ A plausible mathematical model of the thermal his­ perature and conductivity measurements of intervals of tory of the earth's mantle has been constructed by 10 to 30 m) are unreliable, mainly because of the diffi­ W. H. K. Lee. Numerical solutions of the heat equation culty in obtaining and preserving representative lengths with moving heat sources were obtained for several sim­ of core. In analysis of data from a hole drilled in Menlo ple radial models. Selective fusion of silicates was ap­ Park, Calif., by the Geological Survey, it has been proximated by melting of a multicomponent system and demonstrated that these problems can sometimes be redistribution of radioactive elements. It was found that circumvented by using oceanographic geothermal tech­ models with selective fusion give results compatible niques, which consist of carefully determining the ther­ with constraints imposed by seismic and heat-flow ob­ mal conductivity of short sediment cores and measuring servations. Models without selective fusion fail. The the thermal gradient with great precision over the cor­ results suggest continuous differentation of the earth's responding depth interval. J. H. Sass, R. J. Munroe, mantle throughout geologic time and support the hy­ and A. H. Lachenbruch have shown that heat flows pothesis that the earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and determined independently by this method at several crust have been accumulated by degassing and selec­ depths between 60 and 220 m all agreed to within 10 tive fusion of the mantle. percent. The heat flow at Menlo Park is high (2.1 /x,cal/cm2sec). Heat flow in Arctic Ocean The value agrees with preliminary results from, a se-^ond Measurements from ice island Arlis II have revealed site 12 km to the south. new information on water circulation in the Denmark Strait, as well as data on heat flow near the mid-ocean Thermal instability of fluid in large boreholes ridge. Applying heat-conduction theory to measured The geothermal gradient in water-filled drill holes temperatures in the sea-bottom sediment, A. H. Lachen- exceeds the adiabatic gradient and the stability criterion bruch and B. V. Marshall determined that the bottom put forth by Hale in 1937.27 Some sort of movement of temperatures fluctuated oa the order of 0.1°C for a few the water was, therefore, suspected. It was not until hours to a few weeks before each observation. Analysis 1965 that this was independently discovered by W. H. of synoptic bottom-temperature data revealed that these Diment (r2169) and Gretner*8 and the results reported fluctuations are very'systematic. They can be explained in companion papers. Diment found that wher the by the sudden discharge of a 100-km long %olus" of critical gradient is exceeded, the water moves in cells cold bottom water into the North Atlantic. This evi­ or eddies having dimensions on the order of the diameter dently sets up a damped oscillation of the 'bottom water, of the hole. The resulting temperature variations are a with a period of 4 weeks observable 200 km from the few hundredth of a- degree and exhibit a, complex source. Such discharges of Arctic water through the spectrum, with periods ranging from a few minutes to Denmark Strait are important because of their possible over an hour. The practical importance of the phe­ relation to the productivity of North Atlantic fishing nomenon is that these temperature oscillations limit the grounds and to climatic change, but they are difficult to resolution of geothermal logs in determining details of investigate by conventional oceanographic techniques. stratigraphy and the movements of fluids into and out The Arlis II results reveal also a systematic decrease of the drill hole from the surrounding rocks. in heat flow from 2.6 /*cal/cm2sec 100 km from the 27 A. L. Hale, 1937, Convection currents and geysers: Royal Astron. Soc. Geophysics Supp., v. 4, no. 1, p. 122-131. seismic and topographic axis of the midocean ridge to 28 P. B. Gretner, 1967, On the thermal instability of large diTmeter 1.3 ju,cal/cm2sec 200 km from it. wells An observational report: Geophysics, v. 32, no. 4> p. 7f 7-73S. A89 A90 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

Conductivity of common crystalline aggregates Mendon Center, N.Y.) an attempt is being made to Measurements of the thermal conductivity of rock- evaluate small meromictic lakes as an environment for forming minerals by W. H. Diment, supplemented by the measurement of terrestrial heat flow. published data, indicate that: (1) substitution of a Surface heat flow in geothermal areas evaViated from heavier cation for a lighter one in an isomorphous series rate of snow melting usually reduces the thermal conductivity; (2) sheet sili­ A semiquantitative method was developed by D. E. cates are anisotropic by a factor of 5 to 6, but the abso­ White and L. J. P. Muffler for measuring total heat flow lute values differ considerably (phlogopite 2 and 12 through hot ground adjacent to hot springs. The method meal/cm sec°C in directions perpendicular and parallel utilizes heavy individual snowfalls as calorimeters, ex­ to the plane of perfect cleavage, respectively, chlorite tending Dort's 29 qualitative observations. At selected 4 and 24, talc 4 and 24); (3) all common polymorphs intervals after a favorable snowfall, the retreating of Al2SiO5 have a high conductivity (20 to 30 for mono- snowline is mapped on a detailed topographic base. Each mineralic aggregates); and (4) the range in conductiv­ mapped line is a heat-flow contour and is calibrated by ity of a given mineral, particularly that of mono- determining how much heat is necessary to melt the mineralic aggregates, often exceeds 10 percent because snow still remaining on a unit area of well-insulated of impurities, alteration, imperfections, and low but objects along the contour line (boardwalks provide very significant porosity. Thus, most values, especially those convenient controls in many Yellowstone thermal measured at low pressures, should be regarded as too areas). Hot-spring water of measured temperature low. (and heat content above 0°C) is convenient and simple The mean conductivity of a surprising number of to apply in calibrating each contour. Twc reasonably igneous and metamorphic rocks falls between 6.5 and reliable contours have been mapped in the C Id Faithful 8.5. Exceptions likely to be of regional importance are test area, and these show that heat flow is roughly 680 anorthosites, the purer quartzites, dolomitic marbles, and 390 times the "normal" heat flow. There very high unaltered basalts, gabbros, and ultramafic rocks. The values are consistent with other evidence for high heat conductivity of mafic and ultramafic rocks is strongly flow. Under favorable conditions, use of snowfall calo­ controlled by the amount of chlorite and serpentine rimeters can provide much data with minimal time, present. Although the conductivity of the unaltered equipment, and expense, if large local differences in mafic and ultramafic rocks is far from the mean, their heat flow exist. altered equivalents are much closer to it. The thermal anisotropy of rocks probably is of no regional ROCK MAGNETISM significance. Annual thermal changes in stratified lakes Developments in geomagnetic-polarity time scale Periodic temperature observations in Green and The time scale for changes of the geomagnetic field Eound Lakes near Fayetteville, N". Y., by W. H. Diment from normal to reversed for the last 3.5 m.y. has re­ reveal several unexpected facts: (1) The lower water mained virtually unchanged during the last year, even zone (monimolimnion) is not stagnant. With onset of though the addition of new data has nearly doubled the ice cover it divides into several horizontal isothermal number of points determined. The best tine estimates zones which exhibit sharp boundaries with those above for boundaries between polarity epochs (R, reversed; and below. The number of zones and their persistence N", normal) are now into the summer differ with the two lakes. (2) The m.y. Matuyama (E)-Brunhes (N) 0.7 region near the central water zone (chemocline) warms Gauss (N)-Matuyama (R)______2.5 through the spring, summer, and even during the fall Gilbert (R)-Gauss (N)______3.36 when the upper zone (mixolimnion) is cooling. This feature is thought to be the result of the optical opacity Changes in polarity direction have been rocognized at of the bacterial layer that exists in the cheniocliiie, and 0.9 m.y. (Jaramillo normal), 1.6 m.y. (Gilsa normal), it disappears during periods of ice cover. (3) Tempera­ 1.9 m.y. (Olduvai normal), 2.7 m.y. (Kaena reversed), tures on the bottom exhibit an annual variation of a 3.1 m.y. (Mammoth reversed), 3.7 m.y. (Cochiti nor­ few tenths of a degree, but the amplitude and phase of mal), and 4.1 m.y. (Nunivak normal). In an attempt to the variation depend on the depth to the bottom. A extend the reversal time scale to middle and early Plio­ longer term variation of small amplitude also occurs. cene time, R. R. Doell, G. B. Dalrymple, A. V. Cox, and On the basis of these results and those from two newly discovered meromictic lakes (Clark Reservation Green 29 Wakefleld Dort, Jr., 1966, Rapid reconnaissance of heat-flow patterns in snow-covered thermal areas: Jour. Qeophys. Research, v. 71, no. 18, Lake near Jamesville, N.Y., and Devils Bathtub near p.4439-4440. EXPERIMENTAL GEOPHYSICS A91 C. S. Gromme studied 44 volcanic units from the west­ fault while a steady creep occurs elsewhere along the ern United States using paleomagnetic and K-Ar tech­ fault. niques. The results, along with those of a theoretical C. B. Raleigh compared slip mechanisms in olivine study by Cox and Dalrymple, indicate that there is not deformed experimentally under high pressure and tem­ much hope of extending the time scale much beyond 5 perature with slip in meteoritic and terrestrial olivines. or 6 m.y., unless the precision of K-Ar dating is sig­ The mineral in chondritic meteorites apparently was nificantly improved. deformed rapidly and at relatively low temperature, whereas terrestrial olivines and those in achondrites ap­ Paleosecular variation in Central Pacific pear to have been deformed at slow strain rates or high Directions of remanent magnetization of samples temperatures or both. Achondrites may have come from from 116 lava flows of the Waimea Canyon and Koloa deep in the supposed parent planet, and the chond rites Volcanic Series (Kauai, Hawaii) and from 111 lavas from near its surface. of the Waianae, Koolau, and Honolulu Volcanic Series (Oahu, Hawaii) have been reported by R. R. Doell. The apparent viscosity of Hawaiian basalt, measured The ages of these volcanic rocks range from about 5.5 directly in lava lakes and in laboratory experiments, m.y. for the Waimea Canyon Series to probably less than ranges from 102 poises at 1,300°C for molten roik to 0.7 m.y. for the Honolulu Series. In general, the amount 105 poises at 1,120°C for melt with 25 percent crystals. of scatter between directions of remanent magnetization H. R. Shaw has found that with decreasing tempera­ in different lavas within a given series is small, indicat­ ture the viscosity of the partly molten material be­ ing that secular variation generally has been subdued comes increasingly nonlinear (that is, non-Newtonian), in the Central Pacific throughout this period of time. and analysis indicates that viscous dissipation of heat A similar conclusion was reached from paleomagnetic occurs. Applied in reverse to convecting rock in the studies of lavas less than 0.7 m.y. old from the island mantle near the solidus temperature, this conchision of Hawaii. However, in a few superposed sequences of implies that viscous heating would be accelerated by lava flows, remanent magnetizations show marked direc­ shearing. This could explain progressive partial meHing tion changes, such that the virtual geomagnetic poles and possibly deep-focus earthquakes in the upper calculated from these directions move several tens of mantle. degrees along great-circle paths. These changes are in­ The effect of pressure on the longitudinal (Vp) and terpreted as being due to rapid infrequent movements shear (Vs ) velocities in Solenhofen limestone was of the geocentric dipole rather than to changes in the studied by Louis Peselnick and Robert Meister. For nondipole portion of the geomagnetic field. pressures from 1 atm to 5 kb, Vp increases 2 percent and Va 0.6 percent; the velocities are directly proportional MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS to density also, and extrapolations to the density of cal- cite agrees quite well with the velocities measured on PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE STUDIES single crystals. Above 5 kb, microfracturing and local deformation cause slight irreversible shifts in the ve­ Laboratory investigations of the elastic and defor- locities; testing samples without jacketing them also mational properties of rocks under high pressure were causes velocity-pressure loops due to fluid trapped in made with several techniques and apparatus. In a study the pores. The sharp decrease in velocity at 15 kb, the at room temperature of stick-slip sliding on fault sur­ calcite I to calcite II (or III) transition, is the result faces, J. D. Byerlee found that stick-slip begins at con­ of local stress concentrations in the limestone; observa­ fining pressures above 2 kb, and slip occurs with a drop tions of the time dependence of velocity changes with in stress after each buildup; the stress drop increases di­ small step increases in pressure in the 8- to 10-kb range rectly with confining pressure. Rocks with serpentine indicate that the calcite I to II (or III) transition oc­ alteration, for example some gabbros and dunites, and curs in times longer than microseconds but less than 10 limestones deform only with steady creep along faults, seconds. with no stick slip. Byerlee and W. F. Brace have pro­ The same transition of calcite I to II (or III) in pure posed that earthquakes develop in the crust by this limestone from Oak Hall quarry, Pennsylvania, was stick-slip mechanism, substantiating quantitatively studied in a cubic press by E. C. Robertson, Rudolph Reid's elastic-rebound explanation for earthquakes. The Raspet, and Louis Peselnick. Representative vah^s of experiments of Byerlee and Brace explain the increase Vp at various pressures are 5.9 km/sec at 1 atm, 6.15 in number and in energy-release of earthquakes with km/sec at 13 kb, 4.7 km/sec at 19 kb, and 5.7 km/sec depth in the crust; they explain also elastic buildup and at 30 kb; the 25-percent drop due to transition at 15 sudden motion by a stress drop at some places along a kb shows the sensitivity of Vp (and V8) to crystal struc- A92 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES ture; the change in volume was only 0.1 percent. The and these phases seem to have been isolated from fur­ hypothesized equivalence of mean stress to hydrostatic ther oxygen exchange, perhaps because of crystal pressure for phase transitions was corroborated by two settling. experiments on the limestone; at the transition calcite J. S. Huebner has improved the traditional gas-mix­ I to II (or III), the maximum stress difference was 4 ing apparatus, used for control of oxygen figacities in kb and the mean stress was 14.7 kb, compared to the open furnaces, by introducing the electrocl °anical cell 15.0 kb observed under hydrostatic pressure. developed by Sato (see preceding paragraph) as a di­ rect monitor of the oxygen fugacity. Calibration of gas PERMEABILITY STUDIES proportioning is no longer necessary, ard internal Permeability of a porous sandstone can be calculated equilibrium of gas species need not be asf^uned. Gras from grain size and porosity, and it can be corrected mixtures (for example, Pco2/Pn2 between about 103 to agree with the somewhat smaller measured perme­ and 104 ) whose compositions previously could not be ability by applying a correction factor, as demonstrated calibrated can now be used to extend the upper limits of by Gr. E. Manger. Reducing the porosity by Irmay's the oxidizing range, enabling study of mary reactions factor (1 So) 3, where the S0 is residual capillary water, at lower and more appropriate temperatures. The ap­ brings the computed permeability into reasonable agree­ paratus is being used to extend data for tl °, reactions ment with measured permeability for values above 1 NiO=Ni + i/2O2, 4Fe3O4 +O2 =6Fe2O3, and 6MnO + millidarcy; the assumption is that some fraction of O2 =2Mn3O4. the saturating fluid does not flow due to capillary forces. P. B. Hostetler and C. L. Christ have developed an apparatus for the study of aqueous-solution mineral equilibria at temperatures from 0° to 95°C, and at a GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND total pressure of 1 atm. It consists of a cylindrical water PETROLOGY bath that is constructed of %-inch-thick polypropylene and is approximately 24 inches in diameter and 9% EXPERIMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY inches high. Five polypropylene reaction vessels, 3 of Experimental methods and apparatus 1,800 ml capacity and 2 of 500 ml capacity, are sus­ pended from the lid of the bath. Each reaction vessel Motoaki Sato has expanded application of electro­ has a water presaturation vessel, and the^e are four chemical cells for measurement of oxygen fugacities smaller chambers for buffers. A valve system provides (in U.S. Geol. Survey, r0439, p. A158) to problems of for gas of any composition to be bubbled at any rate the thermal history of mineral assemblages. Individual through the reaction vessels. Temperature is controlled minerals (ferromagnesian silicates and various oxides) more closely than ±0.05° at 95 °C. This ty^e of silica- from a given assemblage are used to determine a curve free reaction vessel is particularly useful for the study of oxygen fugacity versus temperature by comparison of silicate minerals. The prototype of the present bath with a reference gas. The respective curves for two or was used to determine a value of 5 X10"49 for the activ­ more minerals from the assemblage are compared, and ity-product constant of chrysotile at 9C°C (P. B. a temperature of equilibrium oxygen partitioning be­ Hostetler and C. L. Christ, in U.S. Geol. Survey, tween the minerals is given by a point of intersection. r0439, p. A158-A159; r!876). Agreement or disagreement of such intersections for different mineral pairs gives information concerning Stability conditions for manganese oxides anH carbonate the past temperatures and equilibrium states of the J. S. Huebner has extended his study of the system individual minerals or assemblage as a whole. For ex­ MnO-C-Si-O by refinement of manganese oxide buffer ample, olivine and augite form a sample of the Duluth reactions using the electrochemical method of Motoaki Grabbro Complex showed identical oxygen fugacities Sato (see first paragraph of this section). The oxides (log /O2 =-11.18) at 1,200°C±10°. Comparison of studied are: manganosite (Mni.^O), H.usmannite curves for each of these minerals with an iron-titanium (Mn3O4), and "bixbyite" (Mn2O3). Curve-' of oxygen oxide, however, showed no intersection in the case of fugacity versus temperature were determined for the olivine, and an intersection at about 870°C (log pairs manganosite-hausmannite and hausmannite-bix- /O2 = 16.22) in the case of augite. This suggests that byite at 1 atm toal pressure for the temperature ranges the history of each of the minerals was somewhat differ­ 771° to 1,202°C and 594° to 952°C, respectively. Equi­ ent and that equilibrium was not established at the librium oxygen fugacities for these reactions are much lower temperature. Accordingly, the result given by the higher than those for analogous iron oxide? at the same pair olivine-augite is probably representative of condi­ temperatures. Consequently, substitution of manganese tions early in the crystallization history of the gabbro, in iron oxide phases probably implies higher equilib- GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND PETROLOGY A93 rium oxygen fugacities than would be inferred on the Textures in ore minerals basis of the pure phases. Edwin Koedder (r2175) has found microscopic evi­ Decomposition reactions of rhodochrosite involve dence that the well-known "colloform" textures of graphite, manganosite, hausmannite, braunite, bixbyite, many minerals, particularly sphalerite from various pyrolusite, olivine, and pyroxenoid, depending upon relatively shallow ore deposits, did not form as a result bulk composition, oxygen fugacity, temperature, and of the solidification of colloidal sulfide gels, as has long total pressure. Experiments in a CO2 + CO atmosphere been assumed. Instead these textures are merely fine­ indicate that at 1,000 bars, for example, rhodochrosite grained druses resulting from the formation of a large decomposes to manganosite and hausmannite at 715 °C number of nuclei, presumably owing to relatively rr»pid and log /O2 12.6; to hausmannite and bixbyite at precipitation from strongly supersaturated solutions. 330°C and log /O2 = 8.4, and to bixbyite and pyrolu­ The many criteria that have been proposed for a col­ site at 260 °C and log /O2= 5.6. Application of these loidal origin for these textures are shown to be ambig­ data indicates that oxygen fugacities prevailing during uous, invalid, or inapplicable to these samples. This metaporphism of bixbyite, braunite, or pyrolusite de­ finding eliminates one of the main lines of support for posits are greater than those of surrounding iron- and the concept of the transport of the ore elements in graphite-bearing country rocks. The steep oxygen nature as colloidal sols, and indicates that primary chemical potential gradient between the manganese fluid inclusions in such samples represent the ore fluid oxide deposits and the country rock precludes the for­ rather than some later fluid from the recrystallizstion mation of such a deposit from divalent manganese of a gel. minerals by regional metamorphic processes, and indi­ Edwin Boedder also reports the discovery of exceed­ cates disequilibrium between ore body and country rock. ingly minute, regular, periodically zoned crystal grc wth Thus, the high oxygen fugacities of the manganese- which is suspected to represent annual cyclic processes rich bodies are inherited from premetamorphic mate­ in their formation. These "varves" were found in crys­ rial. Conversely, relatively low oxygen fugacities pre­ tals of celestite from Clay Center, Ohio, and from simi­ vail during the metamorphism of rhodochrosite deposits lar localities, and in sphalerite crystals from several because impossibly large carbon dioxide fugacities are Mississippi Valley type ore deposits, including deposits necessary to stabilize rhodochrosite under oxidizing ut Pine Point (Northwest Territories, Canada), in conditions. eastern Tennessee, and Aachen, Germany. The indi­ vidual bands, each consisting of a light and a dark Ir.yer, Theory of phase diagrams are generaly 1/x, to 10/* thick. The causes of the color E-an Zen has established the sequences of meta- differences are not yet known, but in the celestite the stable phase assemblages for ternary equilibrium sys­ the differences may be caused by organic matter. tems having a total of five or fewer possible phases. The "varves" may be a result of continuous dilution of There are seven geometrically distinct situations. The saline ore-forming fluids with surface waters whose number of possible assemblages in sequence, for a given chemical composition or amount varied with the serson. pressure, temperature, and bulk composition, ranges These "varves" thus may have some usefulness in deline­ from 3 to 5, even though only one metastable univariant ating the rates of deposition and the hydrologic regimen extension exists between stable univariant curves in the during the formation of such deposits. neighborhood of a given invariant point. The sequences Fluid inclusions of assemblages, in terms of the Gibbs hierarchy, can be Edwin Koedder and B. J. Skinner (rl!83) have com­ stated unambiguously, and only those reactions can pleted a new study of leakage in fluid inclusions, a occur in nature that go from a higher member (less possibility which for years had cast doubt on their stable) to a lower member (more stable) of the sequence. usefulness in geologic thermometry.31 The suspicion of The results are useful in the interpretation of labora­ leakage was based on use of inclusions in thin pawn tory experiments in which metastable reactions are and polished plates. Using whole crystals or cleavage suspected. For example, the method has been used to fragments of quartz, calcite, and sphalerite undisturbed predict the P-T region in which the metastable reaction by sawing, Koedder and Skinner have found that most mullite = quartz + corundum should be found. The fluid inclusions do not leak under external water pres­ results agree with experimental data previously re­ sures of 2,000 or 4,000 bars and temperatures of 100°C ported by Aramaki and Boy *> and Zen (r0491). to 410 °C, maintained for periods of 70 to 406 hr. Many inclusions near the surface, even within 5ju., did not 80 Sbigeo Aramaki and Rustum Roy, 1963, A new polymorph of Al2SiO5 and further studies on the system A^Og-BiOo-H O: Am. Miner­ 31 B. J. Skinner, 1953, Some considerations regarding liquid inclrsions alogist, v. 48, p. 1322-1347. as geologic thermometers: Econ. Geology, v. 48, p. 541-550. A94 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES leak. The only inclusions that leaked were some in (Prewitt and Burnham 33), NaAl; a synthetic compound which the bubbles were small. Because these homog­ (Christensen and Hazell 34), Naln+3 ; and johannsenite enized at 140°C, they developed an internal pressure (Freed and Peacor 35), CaMn+2. The Si-O3 bonds, of about 5,000 bars on heating to 410°C, which caused which are the bridging bonds in the pyroxene chains, them to rupture and lose fluid in spite of the external exhibit considerable lengthening in the Ca clinopy­ pressure. These experiments effectively eliminate what roxenes, and their average is in general higher than the has been one of the major challenges to the validity average of the nonbridging Si-O 'bonds. T\e relative of the various data derived from inclusions. constancy and somewhat small value (abont 1.590A) of the pure Si-O2 bond distance in all these compounds Metals in aqueous solution makes this distance especially useful for predicting the J. J. Hemley (r2163), working in collaboration with amount of tetrahedral Al in clinopyroxenes with more Charles Meyer and others at the University of Califor­ complex chemical compositions. In the presence of tet­ nia, Berkeley, has studied the solubility of galena and rahedral Al this bond is expected to be significantly sphalerite in aqueous chloride solutions buffered by longer, and in fact Peacor 36 found a bond length of silicate mineral assemblages with muscovite present. 1.629±0.004A in a clinopyrOxene of compoHtion (M2) Metal concentrations in solution were found to be sig­ (Ml) Sii.5Alo.5O6. The Si-O3 bonds are much less sensi­ nificantly greater than had been found previously by tive to the presence of tetrahedral Al; Peacor found an other workers who used solutions at high values of pH, average 1.691A in the aluminous clinopyroxenes, which unbuffered by silicate assemblages. is only slightly longer than the 1.683A average for diop­ Peter Zubovic has found that gold fonus soluble com­ side and johannsenite. plexes with humic acid extracted from peat. When The relative flexibility of the pyroxene chains is shown humic acid functional groups become supersaturated by the deviations in the angle along the chain, OS-OS- with gold, the gold separates in colloidal form and OS, from the theoretical value of 180° for a straight leaves the humic acid complex in solution. This is dif­ chain. These deviations seem to be related to the cation ferent from the behavior of analogous iron complexes composition of the M2 sites, and the largest departure where the entire complex is precipitated when the bond­ from linearity, about 16°, is recorded for jchannsenite. ing sites are saturated. The work was done with metal Average Ml-O distances are quite consistent for the concentrations of 0.01-0.02J/ in the pH range 5 to 6. same cation in different clinopyroxenes, and are in good These metal concentrations are higher than those ex­ agreement with recent tables of crystal ionic radii pected in natural systems, and therefore the role of the (Shannon and Prewitt 37 ). The b unit-cell dimensions humic acid complexes in transport and localization of of the Na and Ca clinapyroxenes increase linearly with gold requires more study. the average Ml-O distance, an observation that should help in estimation of Ml chemical contents for clino­ MINERALOGIC STUDIES AND pyroxenes with more complex chemical compositions. CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY The 5 dimension for Na and Ca clinopyroxenes is ex­ pressed by the equation 5 = 2.562 (Ml^O) + 3.613; CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF ROCK-FORMING SILICATES Ml-O is the average Ml-O bond distance. Crystal chemistry of ordered clinopyroxenes ExsoluHon and recrystollization textures A crystal-chemical study of ordered clinopyroxenes, in clinoamphiboles (M2) (Ml)Si2O6, has been continued by J. E. Clark, Exsolution and recrystallization textures have been D. E. Appleman, and J. J. Papike 32 who have completed found in a variety of metamorphic, plutoric, and vol­ collection and refinement of X-ray diffraction data for canic rocks by Malcolm Boss, J. J. Papike, and P. W. the crystal structures of four isostructural clinopy­ Weiblen (r0879). The simplest exsolution textures are roxenes with (M2) (Ml) contents as follows: diopside, seen in the talc-amphibole schists of the metamorphosed CaMg; acmite, NaFe+3 ; ureyite (cosmochlore), NaCr+3 ; Grenville Series rocks, Gouvemeur mining district, and iron spodumene, LiFe+3. D. E. Appleman and D. B. 33 C. T. Prewitt and C. W. Burnham, 1966, The crystil structure of Stewart (r!835) had previously reported on spodumene, jadeite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 51, p. 956-975. 34 A. N. Christensen and R. G. Hazell, 1967, The crystal structure of LiAl. Clark and others give a comparison of cell param­ NaIn(SiO3) n : Acta Chem. Scand., v. 21, p. 1425-1429. eters, bond distances, and bond angles in these and in 35 R. L. Freed and D. R. Peacor, 1967, Refinement of the crystal structure of johannsenite: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, p. 709-720. the recently refined isostructural clinopyroxenes, jadeite 36 D. R. Peacor, 1967, Refinement of the crystal structure of a pyroxene of formula M^JI (Sii.sAlo.sJOe: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52,, p. 31t-41. 32 J. R. Clark, D. E. Appleman, and J. J. Papike, in press, Bonding 37 R. D. Shannon and C. T. Prewitt, 1968, Effective ironic radii in in eight order clinopyroxenes isostructural with diopside: Contr. to oxides and fluorides [abs.] : Am. Cryst. Assoc. Ann. Mtg., Tucson, Ariz., Mineralogy and Petrology. 1968, Program. GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND PETROLOGY A95 northern New York. Schists from the Arnold pit, for Hampshire (H. W. Jaffe and others 38) show very ir­ example, contain two primary clinoamphiboles; one is regular intergrowths of hornblende with cummington­ tremolite having the composition ite or P2i/w clinoamphibole. The composition may vary continuously from nearly 100:percent hornblende Ca1.49Mno.29Feo.o4Mg5.18Si8O22 (OH,F) 2 to 100-percent calcium-poor clinoamphibole across a and the other is a clinoamphibole with the unusual single grain. In addition to the submicroscopic inter- space-group symmetry PZjm having the composition growth of hornblende and a second amphibole, very fine visible lamellae of calcium-poor amphibole in 1 orn- 1Si8O22 (OH,F) 2. blende and of hornblende in calcium-poor P2i/m clino­ The tremolite and PZjm clinoamphibole show thin amphibole or cummingtonite are present in many grains. (101) exsolution lamellae of /%/m clinoamphibole and These observations indicate that amphiboles of the tremolite, respectively. This unmixing is interpreted as tremolite- ferroactinolite series and also certain horn­ due to continuous cooling of the schists, uninterrupted blendes often have a chemical composition such that the by other metamorphic events. large M4 cation positions are not fully occupied by cal­ cium or sodium. Some of the smaller metal atoms such Much more complex textures are observed in am- as Fe, Mn, and Mg must enter the M4 position. This phiboles from metamorphosed iron formations, Ruby atomic configuration is stable at high temperature but Mountains, western Montana, and from metamorphosed becomes unstable at lower temperatures, and a phase volcanic rocks from near Orange, Mass., and Richmond, rich in Mn, Fe, or Mg exsolves. This phase may be N.H. The rocks from the Ruby Mountains contain very either cummingtonite or grunerite with <72/m space- complex intergrowths of actinolite with P^/m clino­ group symmetry or the PZ-i/m clinoamphibole. Con­ amphibole or cummingtonite. Amphibole grains from versely, ciunmingtonite-grunerite amphiboles or P2^/ one sample are composed of a pleochroic green actino­ m-type amphiboles slightly enriched in calcium may ex- lite containing nearly colorless lamellae, ranging in solve from a calcium-rich amphibole such as tremolite thicknes? from I/* to 100/* of P^m clinoamphibole or hornblende. If the rocks cool at a very slow rate or oriented parallel to (101) and (100) of actinolite. The if there is a second metamorphic event, lamellae may two amphiboles are present in nearly equal amounts, so coalesce into homogeneous patches of one amphibole, it is immaterial which amphibole is called the "host" giving textures such as those seen in the Montana, Massa­ phase. Many grains show large homogeneous patches chusetts, and New Hampshire rocks. of a single amphibole. Approximate compositions of the actinolite and P^/m clinoamphibole are Crystal structure of clinoamphibole analog of pige^nite The crystal structure of a clinoamphibole analog of Cai.9Mg8.8Fe1.8Si8O22 (OH) 2 pigeonite with P2j/m. symmetry has been solved by and J. J. Papike, Malcolm Ross, and J. R. Clark (r2l70). Cao.2Mg3.3Fe3.4Si8O22 (OH) 2 This phase, originally described by M. G. Bown,39 respectively. has been identified by Ross and others (r0879) in the The intricate pattern of lamellae of various thickness following metamorphic rocks: (1) talc-amphibole oriented parallel to (101) and (100) of the "host," and schists, Gouverneur mining district, New York; (2) patchy intergrowths of calcium-poor and calcium-rich metamorphosed iron formations, Ruby Mountains, clinoamphiboles suggest that thin (101) exsolution Mont.; (3) metamorphosed Wabush Iron Formation, lamellae are the first to form, that these lamellae then Labrador, Canada ; (4) Eiksundsdal Eclogite Complex, thicken by diffusion parallel to c and by coalescence of Hareidlan, Sunnm0re, Norway; and (5) high-grade adjacent (101) lamellae through the formation of re­ metavolcanics, Richmond, N.H. Although this clino­ peated secondary (100) lamellae, and that a nearly amphibole is usually present only as fine lamellae in a complete intragranular recrystallization occurs when calcic amphibole host, a pure P^/m phase was identi­ (101) and (100) lamellae coalesce into large homoge­ fied in talc-amphibole schists from Talcville, N.Y., and neous patches of a single phase. The most important has the composition factor in controlling the recrystallization process is probably the cooling kinetics. Chemical changes such as change in oxidation potential may also be important. The clinoamphibole and (72/m cummingtonite According to K. W. Shaw and H. L. James the complex 88 H. W. Jaffe, Peter Robinson, Cornells Klein, Jr., 1968, ExscJution textures seen in the Ruby Mountains amphiboles may be lamellae and optic orientation of clinoamphiboles : Science, v. 160, no. related to the complex metamorphic history of the rocks. 3829, p. 776-778. 39 M. G. Bown, 1966, A new amphibole polymorph in intergrowth with Clinoamphiboles from the Richmond area of New tremolite: Clino-anthophyllite? [abs.] : Am. Mineralogist, v. 51, p. 259. A96 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES have very similar unit-cell dimensions and compositions. the c unit-cell parameter for this aluminous 1 ornblende Therefore, it is virtually impossible to identify one is only 0.01 A larger than for glaucophane (Papike and from the other except by single-crystal X-ray tech­ Clark, r2157) which has no tetrahedral aluminum. This niques. Extra weak reflections violating the CZ/in sym­ constant c axial length is maintained by kinHng of the metry of cummingtonite are found in the P2i/m phase. double chains of hornblende relative to glaucophane. Approximately 2,000 reflections, 500 violating C^/m, A measure of this kinking is given by the angle between symmetry, were measured on a crystal from the Talc- bridging oxygens along the chain, O(5)-O(6)-O(5). ville, N.Y., sample using an automated single-crystal This angle is 162°50' in the hornblende compared to diffractometer. The data show that this P^/m clino- 170°50' in glaucophane. amphibole crystal structure is much more distorted than The electron density contributed from the sodium the CQ/ni cummingtonite structure. The PQ-i/m amphi- and potassium atoms in the amphibole A site is smeared bole contains two independent tetrahedral chains out and can be interpreted in terms of pos:tional dis­ composed of two symmetry-independent tetrahedra, order. The alkali atoms appear to occupy one of two whereas the (72/m cummingtonite structure contains possible positions in space and time in the amphibole only one kind of tetrahedral chain composed of two structure. Bond distances from either of tlese 2 posi­ independent tetrahedra. The individual octahedra and tions to the coordinating oxygens are reasonable (2.88A tetrahedra show greater distortions in the P2i/m struc­ average for the 9 closest oxygens and 2.77A average for ture than in cummingtonite. The lowering of the sym­ the 7 closest oxygens). Thus the coordination of the metry from C2/m to P2i/w is due largely to the occu­ A-site cations in a clinoamphibole appears to be 7 or 9 pancy of the M4 site. The P21/m amphibole contains sig­ fold, not 6 or 10 as has been previously thought. nificant amounts of calcium, manganese, and magnesium From the crystal-chemical standpoint, hornblende is in the M4 site. The coordination requirements of these a logical phase to accomodate potassium at depth in the cations differ significantly, and the lower symmetry re­ earth, and tetrahedral aluminum may persist in this flects the distortions necessary to coordinate the dis­ phase because of the coordination requirements of ordered M4 cations. P^Jm clinoamphiboles are thought potassium. to be either phases with a higher temperature-stability field than those of the cummingtonites, or metastable Coexisting amphiboles from the blueschist facies phases resulting from cooling of calcium-enriched cum­ Four pairs of coexisting calcic and sodic amphiboles mingtonites. from the blueschist facies have been analyzed by G. E. Himmelberg and J. J. Papike. Except for ranges in Crystal-chemical role of potassium and aluminum in a hornblende of proposed mantle origin the Mg/(Mg+Fe+2) ratio and Fe+3/(Fe+3 +Al+Ti) ratio, the sodic amphiboles are remarkably simi­ A highly potassic and aluminous hornblende, lar in chemical composition. The amount of calcium (Na0. 6K0. 4) (Ca!. 6Na0. 3) (Mg2. 8F<£SFeJllTiotSAl0. 5) that substitutes for sodium in the M4 position ranges only from 0.19 to 0.21 ion per 23 oxygens. The calcic Si6. 0Al2. 0O23(OH), amphiboles show a range in the Mg/(Mg4-Fe) ratio, associated with pyrope and augite in a volcanic breccia, a range in the silicon ion content (actinolite-hornblende Kakanui, New Zealand, has been studied by J. J. Papike substitution), and a range in the Na/(Na 4-Ca) ratio and J. E. Clark (r2157). This material was proposed (glaucophane-calcic amphibole substitution). Three of by Mason 40 as having been derived from the lower crust the calcic amphiboles contain less than 1.5 calcium ions or upper mantle, and it provides an opportunity to per formula unit, which is a result of sodium substitu­ study the crystal-chemical roles of potassium and alu­ tion in the M4 position. The Na/(Na+Ca) ratio in­ minum in a natural phase formed at high temperature creases as the amount of silicon ion decreases indicating and pressure. that the solid solution of glaucophane in hornblende is Bond distances for the refined crystal structure indi­ greater than the solid solution of glaucophane in actin- cate some fractionation of aluminum between the 2 in­ olite. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that dependent tetrahedral sites with approximately 38 per­ a and & unit-cell parameters of the calcic amphiboles cent Al and 62 percent Si in T (1), and 12 percent Al and decrease with increased sodic amphibole in solid 88 percent Si in T(2). Although the aluminum-rich solution. tetrahedra are large relative to pure silica tetrahedra An ordering model for alkali feldspars (average T-O distance of 1.655A compared to 1.626A), D. B. Stewart and P. H. Eibbe (Virginia Polytech­ 40 Brian Mason, 1966, Pyrope, augite, and hornblende from Kakanui, nic Institute) have found that the unit-cell dimensions New Zealand : New Zealand Jour. Geology and Geophysics, v. 9, no 4 p. 474-480. of sodium feldspar vary with Al/Si order in a single GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND PETROLOGY A97 way which shows two recognizable stages similar to analysis of the major sulfide phases gives the following those found in potassium feldspars. One consequence compositions: (Fe,Ni) 3S4, 2.7 wt percent 1 ppm Th and 1.5 to 3.4 ppm U, whereas the younger m.y.) is 150°C or less. Thus, the fission-track dates (and more felsic) rocks generally contain 15.7 to 36.3 reflect the later cooling history of the rocks, which is ppm Th and 4.0 to 9.2 ppm U. The average Th/U ratio believed to be closely dependent on uplift and erosion. A102 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES. PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

The fission-tract data suggest a minimum average up­ settling of mafic minerals in the still-viscous upper lift of 340 feet per m.y. that was maintained for at least part of the magma, and (6) ultimate breaching of the 18 m.y. surface and violent emplacement, and possibly extru­ Alkalic plutons and diatremes of northern Okanogan sion of malignite breccia. Highlands, Wash. Intrusion temperature of a peridotite dike Investigations by C. D. Rinehart and K. F. Fox, Jr., Reflectance studies by J. B. Boen of ccke formed in the northern Okanogan Highlands, north-central adjacent to a peridotite dike in the Pittsburgh coal bed Washington, reveal that malignites and nepheline sye­ of the Waynesburg-Oak Forest area of Pennsylvania nites (Kruger alkaline rocks of Daly 43) fringing the indicate the coal was subjected to temperatures ranging eastern half of the Similkameen batholith grade to from 802°C near the contact to 526°C half an inch granodiorite in the core of the batholith. This relation from the contact. Most of the coke was form°d between indicates that the alkalic rocks are either differentiates 526°C and 604°C, temperatures in agreement with pre­ or contaminated phases of the Similkameen magma, not vious determinations by other methods involving large an earlier unrelated intrusion as postulated by Daly and amounts of coke. For example, Sosman 45 suggested by Campbell.44 a temperature of 520°C ± 30°C, and Clegg 46 determined Five small diatremes lie within a 25-mile-long belt a maximum of 600°C for the intrusion temperature that trends S. 70° E. from the Similkameen batholith. of peridotite dikes. Nevertheless, the 802°C determi­ The diatremes are oval in plan, half a mile to a mile nation close to the contact suggests the peridotite was in longest dimension, and are intruded into Permian intruded at this temperature, which is about 200°C and Triassic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. higher than previously determined. They contain cores of malignite similar to the Kruger malignite, and are thoroughly brecciated and typically Subsolidus reactions in igneous rocks and nvnerals are crosscut by narrow breccia and carbonatite dikes. The chemical composition of five biotites from the Limited exposures of the margins indicate that the Cartride Pass pluton, a zoned granitic intrusive of the external contact of each diatreme is marked by a zone Sierra Nevada batholith, have been studied by F. C. of fragmented country rock that grades inward into Dodge and J. G. Moore. The major elements are pres­ fenite and fenite breccia, and ultimately into the malig­ ent in all the biotites in nearly the same amounts, where­ nite of the core. The fenite is a fine-grained potassic as the minor elements vary in abundance in accordance nepheline-bearing metamorphic rock produced by re- with variation in the bulk chemical composition of the crystallization coupled with concomitant metasomatic enclosing rocks. The correspondence of minor-element addition of alkalis and subtraction of silica. abundance in the biotites with the bulk chemical com­ Examination of geologic maps of adjacent British position of the enclosing rocks is interpreted to indicate Columbia, and limited reconnaissance, suggest that that the biotites crystallized originally ove^ a temper­ the Olalla syenite-pyroxenite stock and the linear malig- ature range comparable with variations in the temper­ ature ranges of crystallization of the enclosing rocks. nitic border of the Oliver pluton could define a similar parallel belt lying 15 miles north-northeast of the The approximately constant major-element composition "Similkameen Belt." Neither of these belts is the site of the biotites suggests reequilibration under conditions of surface faulting; instead they may reflect composi­ of equal oxygen pressure, which could have resulted tional or tectonic features of the lower crust or upper from late buildup of water-fluid pressure throughout mantle. the pluton. The following sequence of events is postulated: (1) L. P. Greenland, David Gottfried, and E. I. Tilling, emplacement of Similkameen-type granodioritic magma using neutron-activation analysis, have determined at depth along the Similkameen and Olalla-Oliver the distribution of Mn between coexisting biotite and lineaments, (2) concentration of an aqueous, potassic, hornblende for 80 mineral pairs from igneous rocks of possibly carbon dioxide-rich residual melt after crys­ diverse provenance (including the southern California, tallization of the bulk of the magma, (3) perforation of Sierra Nevada, Boulder, and Boulder Greet batholiths, the magma chamber and expulsion of part of the resid­ and the Jemez Mountains volcanic rocks). ual liquid, (4) fenitization of the rock lining the con­ The distribution ratios (/r^Miihornbiend? MnMot ite) duit to produce fenites, syenite, and malignite, (5) indicate that equilibrium distribution of Mn is closely approached, though not completely attained, in most 43 R. A. Daly, 1912, Pre-Cambrian formations in south-central British Columbia [abs.] : Science, new ser., v. 31, p. 311 ; Geol. Soc. America 45 R. B. 'Sosman, 1938, Evidence on intrusion-temperature of perido- Bull. 23, p. 721. tites : Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 25A, p. 353-359. «C. D. Cajiipbell, 1939, The Kruger alkaline syenites of southern 48 K. E. Clegg, 1955, Metamorphism of coal by perHotite dikes in British Columbia : Am. Jour. Sci., v. 237, no. 8, p. 527-549. southern Illinois : Illinois Geol. Survey Kept. Inv. 178, 18 p. GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND PETROLOGY A103

samples from plutonic environments. Comparison of K& A previous application of the same procedures to a values of mineral pairs with the bulk chemical compo­ geochemical study of the basal Cambrian sandstone of sition of the host rocks reveals no correlation. Because the western United States by Miesch and Com or 47 the range of crystallization temperatures generally shows that about half the total geochemical variability varies with rock composition, the lack of correlation of could be described by sampling clusters of stratigraohic rock composition with K& values suggests that the sections, the clusters spaced on the order of 100 miles equilibrium distribution of Mn between biotite and apart. Reduction of the interval between clusters to 10 hornblende reflects exchange at subsolidus temperatures miles would result in relatively little additional infor­ rather than at primary crystallization temperatures. mation, as the comparative homogeneity of portions of This interpretation is supported by the fact that the the sandstone in the 100-mile interval would cause a highest Ka values are from volcanic rocks, in which large amount of sampling redundancy. rapid quenching has prevented subsolidus redistribution Application of the procedures to a study of the Foun­ of Mn. tain Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age in DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS eastern Colorado has demonstrated that some chemical constituents exhibit almost no regional variation over Investigations in sampling methods for geochemistry a distance of about 150 miles. Other constituents, how­ A. T. Miesch, J. J. Connor, and R. E. Tidball have ever, exhibit strong components of regional varirtion devised a general procedure for estimating the propor­ that could be described efficiently by sampling strati- tion of total variability of a geochemical constituent in graphic sections spaced at intervals of about 20 miles a rock body that may be described by sampling at a along the outcrop. A sampling interval of less than 15 given interval. Application of the procedure leads to or 20 miles would result in excessive sampling redun­ improved efficiency in geochemical sampling. The dancy. The results of this analysis are supported by procedures have been applied in studies of several Cam­ paleocurrent-direction investigations of Howard,48 who brian and Ordovician rock units in the western United showed that the Fountain Formation consisted of coa­ States, the Fountain Formation of Pennsylvanian and lescing alluvial fans which have an average breadth of Permian age in eastern Colorado, and selected Paleo­ about 20 miles in the area of their present outcrop. zoic sequences as well as soil and vegetation units Geochemical discriminant functions in Kentucky. The procedures involve hierarchical sampling schemes, analysis of variance techniques, and J. J. Connor has applied techniques of discriminant- construction of curves showing the proportion of vari­ function analysis to the problem of distinguishing be­ ance lost with each increase in the sampling interval. tween Mississippian and Pennsylvanian sandstone? oc­ Eesults indicate that frequently sampling intervals curring in isolated outcrops in western Kentucky. A selected intuitively may be inefficient and may be in­ number of discriminant functions have been derived creased severalfold with no significant reduction in the on the basis of chemical data and sandstones of krown proportion of the total variation that may be described. Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age. Although 26 In application of the procedures described above to chemical elements, including 14 minor elements, were geochemical surveys of selected rock, soil, and plant studied, only 6 have proved generally useful. These are units throughout Kentucky, J. J. Connor and E. E. Cr, Ti, Al, Mg, Ni, and H2O + . The most efficient dis­ Tidball have found that most geochemical variation is criminant functions are curvilinear on a logarithmic local in character. Regional components of variation scale and can be used to classify unknown outcrops with are generally small and are so masked by the local an accuracy of as high as 80 to 90 percent. variability that impractically large numbers of samples would be required to describe them. There are, however, GEOCHEMISTRY OF WATER some notable exceptions. The silica, alumina, potash, and gallium contents of Pennsylvanian sandstones, for The work of water in reshaping the face of the earth example, "display strong regional variation across the involves many chemical-solution and precipitation proc- State. Other rock units examined include Mississippian cesses. Studies of the details of these processes so that sandstones, two units of Mississippian limestones, and a they can be better understood are essential to improving black-shale unit that includes the Chattanooga, New methods of use and exploration for both water and min­ Albany, and Ohio Shales. Soil and plant units, also ex­ eral resources. amined across the major part of the State, consist of 47 U.S. Geological Survey, 1966, Geological Surrey Research 1966, Eed-Yellow Podzolic -soils and oak and hickory trees Chapter A: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 550-A, p. A155. 48 J. D. Howard, 1966, Patterns of sediment dispersal in the Fountain growing on this type of soil. Formation of Colorado : The Mountain Geologist, v. 3, no. 4, p. 147-153.

318-835 O - 68 - 8 A104 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

HYDROTHERMAL ORE DEPOSITS AND BRINES very high, with the metals transported as chloride Ore-depositing fluids derived from magma complexes. Sufficient sulfide may be provided by Concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu in 1 of 7 or more available mechanisms to cause pre­ hydrothermal fluids responsible for the ore deposits at cipitation of metal sulftdes at favorable sites. Provideiicia, Mexico, have been determined by R. O. 5. Because of dissolved salts, the density of a brine is Rye and Joseph Haffty in a study of the composition normally higher than that of other n^,ar-surface of primary fluid inclusions in quartz, calcite, and waters; this has important consequence? especially sphalerite.49 Analyses were made by Haffty using for syngenetic and early diagenetic ore deposits atomic-absorption techniques on water leaches of and epithermal ore deposits, where at least-two crushed inclusions that had previously been analyzed fluids of greatly differing densities are likely to for <5D and SO18. The concentrations of most elements have been involved. vary over a considerable range, reflecting widespread Salton Sea geothermal brine salinity differences in the hydrothermal fluids. These D. E. White has revised estimates of the amount of salinity differences were either a result of pressure fluc­ dissolved metals in 5 cu km of brine dispersed in 50 cu tuations or of rapid change of chloride concentration km of the reservoir rocks of the Salton Sea geothermal in the magmatic environment. Results agree very well system of southeastern California.50 The revised with conclusions based on an independent study of the amounts include, in short tons: Fe 10 million, Mn 7 SO18 of the hydrothermal fluids. Both studies indicate million, Zn 2i/2 million, Pb 450,000, As 60,000, Cu 30,000, that the ore-depositing fluids were probably derived Cd 10,000, and Ag 5,000. Nonsulfophile metals of pos­ from magma of the nearby Providencia granodiorite sible economic interest include, in short tonr: K 85 mil­ stock. The K/Na ratios are in the range expected of lion, Li 1.1 million (the largest known Li resource in the hydrothermal fluids derived from a magma of granitic United States), B 2 million, Rb 500,000, C- 75,000, Tl composition. Ca/Na ratios of the fluids support the 7,000, and Sn 2,500. The constituents of the brine, if re­ K/Na data. The Ca/Mg ratios of the fluids are quite covered, have a market value exceeding $5 billion. high, probably as a result of removal of Mg during Figures of similar magnitude can also be calculated for silication of limestone host rock. The ratios are con­ average granite or shale; they have little meaning unless sistent with the general absence of dolomite at the constituents can be recovered commercir.lly. Providencia. Environments of generation of some base-metal ore Alkaline brines containing high concentration of silica deposits B. F. Jones, S. L. Rettig, and H. P. Eug^ter (Johns The origin and characteristics of the fluids of five Hopkins Univ.) (r0905) have found that siliceous alka­ base-metal ore-forming systems have been reviewed by line brines in the western Great Basin am similar to D. E. White.50 Three are productive ore districts and brines from Lake Magadi in the rift valley of Kenya, two are large active systems (Salton Sea, in southeast­ Africa. Evaporation of solutions that contain mostly ern California, and Red Sea). sodium and bicarbonate can give a solution of high pH Major conclusions are: in which silica is relatively soluble. New hydrous sodium 1. Most hydrothermal ore deposits are formed by com­ silicate minerals precipitated in these saline lakes have plex rather than by simple processes; the water, been identified by Eugster, Jones, and R. /. Sheppard dissolved salts, metals, sulfide, and other critical (r2159). constituents of each deposit may be derived from two or more sources. PRECIPITATION, SURFACE WATER, AND 2. The ore-bearing fluids of base-metal deposits are SUBSURFACE WATER Na-Ca-Cl brines that generally contain 5 to 40 percent dissolved salts. Mineral content of precipitation 3. Brines of similar major-element composition may »D. W. Fisher has found that precipitation in the form in at least four different ways magmatic, eastern United States and the Virgin Islands contains connate, solution of evaporites followed by reac­ solutes from three general sources and tlat the total tion with sediments, and membrane concentration amounts carried to the land surface from these sources of dilute waters. are different in different areas. First, solutef originating i. The ratios of total dissolved sulfophile metals to from sea salt reach the land at an annual rate of 40 tons dissolved sulfide in the ore fluids may generally be per sq mi in the Virgin Islands but only 2 tons per sq mi 49 R. O. Rye and Joseph Haffty, in press, The chemical composition of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the lead-zinc deposits at 60 D. E. White, in press, Environments of generation of some base- Providencia, Mexico : Econ. Geology. metal ore deposits : Econ. Geology, v. 63. GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND PETROiLOGY A105 in western New York State. Second, an acidic compo­ of the initially permeable near-surface rocks in the nent contributes sulfate over and above the amount com­ upper, cooler parts of the hot-spring systems by depo­ ing from sea salt; this component is apparently derived sition of hydrothermal minerals. from the air over land areas and contributes more than 3. Preliminary logging of drill cores indicates that 10 tons per sq mi of sulfate in the Northeastern States significant differences exist in the nature and distribu­ but only 2 tons per sq mi in the Virgin Islands. The third tion of hydrothermal minerals in different areas seme component appears to be associated with soil dust. are characterized by zeolites and others by clay. Amounts of solutes contributed by this source are widely variable but generally less than 5 tons per sq mi per yr in CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS STUDIES the Northeastern States and North Carolina. Almost 50 Serpentinization produces distinctive ground water tons per sq mi per yr from this source was brought down in precipitation in the Virgin Islands, however. Two water types have been found by Ivan Barnes, V. C. LaMarche, Jr., and G. K. Himmelberg (r2164) to Minor elements in Arkansas River be discharged by ultramafic rocks. Most common i^ a Kobert Brennan reported that the principal minor ele­ magnesium bicarbonate type of water that constitutes ments in solution in the Arkansas Kiver above Buena a major perennial supply in the Coast Ranges of Cali­ Vista, Colo., are iron, manganese, and zinc. Small fornia. This type of water is unique chemically r.nd amounts of aluminum, copper, lead, molybdenum, represents meteoric water. A calcium hydroxide t;^pe nickel, and titanium also are present. The principal of water also has been found and is probably one of sources of these elements are the Leadville Drain and the products of present-day serpentine formation. At the California Gulch that drain the Leadville mining least 4 ultramafic bodies (3 in California and 1 in Ore­ district. Concentrations reached as high as 62 mg/1 gon) are presently undergoing serpentinization with Zn and 20 mg/1 Mn in the California Gulch. Concen­ large volume increases. trations of most of the heavy metals in solution are de­ Yellowstone Park bacteria manufacture sulfuric acid creased by dilution in the Arkansas Kiver, but the load of dissolved zinc and manganese does not decrease. In The rate of formation of sulfuric acid by bacteria in Leadville Drain and California Gulch, in addition to sulfurous hot-spring areas of Yellowstone Park aver­ the dissolved load, significant quantities of iron, manga­ ages about 10 g/sq m of ground surface per day, acco^d- nese, zinc, copper, and lead are transported also in sus­ ing to measurements reported by Robert Schoen. The pension and are found as coatings on rocks and vegeta­ range in rates is from 7^ to 15 g among the 4 localities tion in the streams. studied. Near uniformity of acid production among the 4 localities is remarkable considering that there is a In the upper reaches of the source streams, the water size factor of 19 among them. This rate is much l^ss generally is slightly acidic (pH<7.0). At the mouth of than the rate of sulfric acid production reported for the streams, the pH generally is greater than 7 except bacteria in laboratory cultures. during spring high flows when it may be as low as 3. Hot acid formed near sulfurous hot springs has a Yellowstone geothermal waters devastating effect upon nearby rocks and metal and D. E. White and L. J. P. Muffler, in cooperation with concrete structures. Although contamination of streams R. O. Fournier and A. H. Truesdell, are carrying on a by sulfuric acid from hot springs is a minor problem, the comprehensive study of geothermal areas in Yellow- similarity in origin between this acid and that produced stone National Park in order to understand the nature during the weathering of pyrite and marcasite in coal of the subterranean circulation systems, associated rock mines deserves further study. alteration, and heat-flow characteristics, and ultimately Forms of dissolved aluminum and solubility controls to apply this understanding to the genesis of epithermal Graphical methods which can be used to determine ore deposits. Ten diamond-drill holes have been com­ concentrations of free aluminum ions and hydroxide, pleted in hot-spring areas, with the following results: fluoride, or sulfate complexes with aluminum were de­ 1. In over half the holes the temperature increased veloped by J. D. Hem (r0536). The least soluble foms linearly with depth until the pressure-corrected, the­ of aluminum in mixed solutions of this type may not be oretical boiling point was attained, below which depth simple hydroxide minerals. C. E. Roberson and Hem the temperature followed the boiling-point curve. identified the minerals cryolite, ralstonite, and alunite 2. In nearly all the wells the water pressure meas­ in solutions aged at 25°C and 1 atm. Cryolite obtained ured at the surface exceeded atmospheric pressure. in these experiments had a standard free energy of for­ These "artesian" pressures became evident at drilling mation of 745.4±1.0 kcal per mole, in close agreement depths of 50 to 200 feet and are attributed to sealing with a recently published value. A106 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES ISOTOPE AND NUCLEAR GEOCHEMISTRY rocks are consistent with the hypothesis that the more radiogenic Sr is acquired by magmatic assimilation as ISOTOPE TRACER STUDIES the magma intrudes upward through the crust. How­ ever, the smaller variations in the Sr87/^!-86 ratio of Tritium rainout pulse and the hydrologic cycle basalts seem to reflect chemical inhomogeneities in the G. L. Stewart, T. A. Wyerman, and R. K. Farns- upper mantle. worth report that the tritium concentration in precipi­ Utilizing lead isotopes as a guide to ore tation and surface water has continued to decline since reaching a maximum in 1963. Precipitation in 1967 con­ B. R. Doe, J. S. Stacey, M. H. Delevaux, and I. T tained about 85 percent less tritium than precipitation Nkomo are evaluating the potential of lead isotopes as in 1963. The net result is that a large tritium rainout a guide to the economic potential of mineral prospects. pulse has been added to the hydrologic environment dur­ The relative abundance of lead isotopes hps previously ing the past few years. This natural pulse is being used been shown to be useful in prospecting for uranium to trace surface and ground water. For example, the ores 51 and in judging the probability of the size of a arrival of modern bomb-produced tritium has been ob­ lead-ore prospect.52 served at several monitoring wells within the Edwards Three developments during the past reveral years Limestone in the San Antonio, Tex., area. Wells close permit a more comprehensive look at the economic ap­ to principal recharge areas have shown a continued plications of lead isotopes: (1) development of analyti­ increase in tritium, whereas more distant wells have cal techniques that permit isotopic analyses of lead in shown no influx of modern tritium. The tritium-pulse all ordinary rock types except for ultrabaHc rocks, (2) tracing technique is being used to study water movement a major increase in precision of measurements of iso­ and mixing patterns in a salt-water encroachment study tope abundance in minerals such as galena where quar­ in Biscayne Bay near Miami, Fla. In the Silver Springs ter-gram quantities of lead are available, r.nd (3) some area of Florida, monitored wells show modern tritium increase in precision of measurements of isotope abun­ levels that appear to be closely related to annual tritium dance in rocks where only microgram (millionth of a rainout peaks. gram) quantities of lead are available. With these rela­ tively new techniques, one can compare the isotopic High tritium concentrations in plant tissue near Savannah composition of a given ore with that of possible sources. River Plant, S.C. If a prospect has lead isotopic composition similar to G. L. Stewart and Max Sherman examined the areal that of a hypothesized source, then the ore in the pros­ distribution of tritiated water around the Savannah pect may be derived from that source. This method has River Plant (SRP), S.C., by measuring tritium in sev­ been .applied in the Rocky Mountains 53 and in Saudi eral types of plant tissue taken from loblolly pine Arabia (M. H. Delevaux and others, rOSlY) where it (Pinus traeda, L.) and sweetgum (Liquidanibar styra- appears that a prospect has a higher probability of ciffua, L.) trees. being economic if it has a lead-isotope composition sim­ The tritium concentration in both free and bound ilar to that of a producing deposit. water for all types of plant tissue sampled was many The increased precision of analysis also makes it times greater for plants growing near the perimeter of possible to estimate the age of the source of the lead the SRP than for those growing about 50 miles away. in an ore (J. S. Stacey and others, r0807). This knowl­ Exchange and isotopic effect mechanisms appear to be edge may give clues to the age of the basement rock involved in the synthesis of plant tissue, water transfer of a region, as well as help in defining the source of in the plant, and evapotranspiration. an ore. Strontium isotopes in young igneous rocks from Western Lead isotopic composition of placer gold from Hahns United States Peak, Colo. C. E. Hedge has determined nearly 100 Sr87/Sr86 ra­ The isotopic composition of trace lead in placer gold tios on young igneous rock from Western United States. is of interest because of the possibility that it will serve Although the results show a large range, a considerable degree of order has begun to emerge. The Sr in mag­ 61 R. S. Cannon, Jr., L. R. Stieff, and T. W. Stern, 1958, Radiogenic lead in nonradiogenic minerals A clue in the search for uranium and mas which have not come up through an old sialic base­ thorium, in United Nations, Survey of raw material rerources: Internal. ment is no more radiogenic than the Sr in oceanic Conf. Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 2d, Geneva 1958, Proc., v. 2, p. 215-220. basalts. Most magmas that have penetrated an old base­ 62 R. S. Cannon, Jr., A. P. Pierce, and J. C. Antveiler, 1961, The ment contain a significant enrichment in radiogenic data of lead isotope geology related to problems of o~e genesis: Econ Geology, v. 56, p. 1-38. Sr, and the enrichment is inversely proportional to the 83 B. R. Doe, 1967, The bearing of lead isotopes on the source of granitic respective Sr concentrations. Data from rhyodacite magma : Jour. Petrology, v. 8, p. 51-83. ISOTOPE AND NUCLEAR GEOCHEMISTRY A107

to identify the bedrock source of gold. The Hahns Peak by evolutionary processes during Precambrian time. region, northwestern Colorado, was selected for an ini­ (2) The variation in the isotopic composition of lead in tial test because of uncertainty as to whether placer differentiated suites (lower to middle Eocene basalts gold that occurs there was derived from ore deposits of 'and upper Eocene to lower Oligocene basalts) may have Precambrian or of Tertiary age. Previous lead-isotope been caused by different magma sources, or by assimila­ studies of galenas from a number of ore deposits in tion of different lead from the wallrocks of the magma north-central Colorado paved the way for such a test reservoirs or conduits. because they indicated distinctive differences between Hawaii. The isotopic composition of lead and con­ Precambrian and Tertiary ore leads. Isotopic analyses centration of lead, uranium, and thorium in volcanic have now been made by J. C. Antweiler, B. R. Doe, rocks of the island of Hawaii were studied by Mitsnn- and M. H. Delevaux of trace lead from a gold placer obu Tatsumoto. All leads from the five volcanoes on the at the foot of Hahns Peak, of lead from a galena de­ island lie near the /*=8.6 growth curve, but range from posit in the Hahns Peak porphyry of Tertiary age, and + 200 to 300 m.y. in model age. Basalt from ei-.ch of galena-lead from the Greenville ore deposit of Pre­ volcano has a different lead isotopic characteristic, cambrian age about 12 miles southeast of Hahns Peak. which suggests that the magma chamber for each vol­ The trace lead extracted from placer gold is not the cano may be independent. The difference in the isotcnic same in isotopic composition as any galena-lead so far composition of lead suggests that the mantle-crust dif­ analyzed from this region. Although the composition ferentiation at the island of Hawaii started more than of the trace lead does suggest some kind of kinship 200 m.y. ago. with the Hahns Peak galena-lead, it is possible that The isotopic composition of Kohala Mountain itself the placer gold is a mixture derived from both Terti­ varies measurably and becomes more radiogenic from ary and Precambrian sources. If some placer gold forms the lower member to the upper member, although all through the accretion of very fine gold particles, an ex­ the rocks are less than 1 m.y. old. This implies that the cellent opportunity is afforded to incorporate extrane­ basalt source changed in isotopic composition either by ous lead into the nuggets, which could further compli­ (1) the melting of different parts of the mantle, (2) cate interpretation of the isotopic data. different degree of partial melting of mantle material, Isotopic composition of lead from volcanic rocks or (3) variation in degree of contamination of magma Southern Mexico. Ore leads from sulfide deposits from basaltic crust. The similarity in lead isofomc in the Pachuca-Real del Monte, Zimapan, and Taxco composition between an alkali basalt from the upper districts, located in the neovolcanic plateau of Pliocene flow of Kohala and an adjacent tholeiite suggests that and Pleistocene age in southern Mexico, were found differentiation from tholeiite to alkalic basalt may by A. P. Pierce to be of nearly uniform isotopic compo­ occur. sition. The average composition (Pb206/Pb204= 18.98, Distribution of lead in igneous and metasediment^ry Pb206/Pb307 =1.192, Pb206/Pb208 =0.4793) is similar to rocks of Colorado Front Range that reported in the literature for leads in manganese Lead determinations by L. B. Jenkins and Roosevelt nodules, ocean floor sediments, f umaroles, and a number Moore on 124 rocks collected by George Phair mainly of other sulfide deposits of the circum-Pacific region. from the Front Range, central Colorado, fall in the Lead of such composition throughout this region is following ranges: inferred to have originated in a widespread homoge­ Number of Ranpe neous source at depth. samples (ppir) Oregon Coast Range. Mitsunobu Tatsumoto has Precambrian rocks Gneisses, schists and amphibolites_____ 25 5.0- 22.0 determined the isotopic composition of lead and the Boulder Creek Granite______. 17 15. 0- 35. 0 concentration of lead, uranium, and thorium for Ter­ Silver Plume Granite______3 48. 0- 59. 0 tiary volcanic rocks from the Oregon Coast Range and Laramide intrusives Phaneritic stocks______. 39 6. 4-101. 3 two tholeiitic basalts from Washington. The lead iso­ Soda porphyritic-aphanitic stocks_ _. 12 8. 2-144 topic composition varies over a wide range so that the Dike rocks______28 20. 3-124 model lead isochron ages range from +100 to 1,000 m.y. The results suggest that (1) the volcanic rocks Individual intrusions of intrusive rock of each type were generated from more than one source because the tend to have distinctive lead ranges. The wide varia­ isotopic composition of lead in rocks of Eocene and bility of the lead results points up the difficulties in­ Oligocene age is distinctly different from that of Mio­ herent in the choice of a crustal U/Pb ratio a choice cene rocks. The source region of the Miocene basalts is demanded by most current hypotheses describing the thought to be a part of the upper mantle that was formed isotopic evolution of lead. A108 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES', AND TECHNIQUES

STABLE ISOTOPES ible alteration can be seen in thin section, samples show isotopic alteration by the hot-spring waters at distances Solute-water interactions of up to 50 feet from known hot-spring vents. The water An isotopic-fractionation technique has been used by temperatures were never above 93°C, and tl °> time dur­ J. R. O'Neil and A. H. Truesdell in studies of solute- ing which the hot waters acted was probably less than water interactions, the structure of water, and the char­ a few thousand years. The rather extensive isotopic al­ acterization of sulf ate ion-pairs in aqueous solutions. In teration in this area as compared to the small amount of these experiments dehydrated salt is added to water of alteration observed in similar carbonates in areas of known O18/O16 ratio and the solution is equilibrated iso- lead-zinc mineralization indicates that such minerali­ topically with a small quantity of CO2 gas which is sub­ zation may be fairly rapid. sequently analyzed by mass spectrometer. The equilibra­ C13/C12 ratios of metamorphic carbonaceous shales tions were carried out at 0°, 25°, and 38.5°C. Some of Fred Barker and Irving Friedman have carried out the conclusions are: (1) Mg+2 and Al+3 are solvated to C^/C12 determinations on Precambrian carbonaceous the game extent in associated sulfate ion pairs as they shales in the San Juan Mountains, southern Colorado. are in dissociated chloride solutions. (2) Conditions of Samples were selected from a single bed where the grade temperature and dielectric constant of electrolyte solu­ of metamorphism increases owing to the proximity of an tions can be found which drastically reduce or eliminate intrusion. The C13/C12 ratio of the shales increases and the interaction between cations and water. (3) The ex­ the carbon content of the shales decreases rs the intru­ tent of interaction of ions with water seems more a func­ sion is approached, and it seems evident that C12 was tion of the size of the ion than of charge or ionic poten­ preferentially lost from the shales durng contact tial. (4) From the temperature coefficients of the O18 metamorphism. fractionations between pure water and the solutions studied, at least three different structural states of water Hydrogen-deuterium ratio and tritium con*«nt of have been identified. Transitions from one structural atmospheric hydrogen state to another occur at specific concentrations of the Irving Friedman has established a laboratory at the electrolyte, and these critical concentrations differ for .summit of Mt. Evans, Colo. (alt., 14,000 feet) to col­ each electrolyte. (5) Extrapolation of these data to lect samples of uncontaminated air for analyses of higher temperatures yields valuable information on tritium content of atmospheric hydrogen. Collections aqueous solutions of geologic interest. have been made once a month throughout t^e year, and Secondary nature of ordered dolomite results to date indicate a high level of tritium of approx­ imately 106 T.U. (1 T.U.=1 tritium atom per 1018 J. R. O'Neil and Ivan Barnes have studied the iso­ atoms of hydrogen). The hydrogen-deuterium ratios of topic composition of carbonates and waters found in a the hydrogen samples are low and indicate that the drainage area underlain by ultramafic rocks at New sampling site is uncontaminated by automobile exhaust Idria, central California. The results suggest 'that and industrial gases. dolomite can form by reaction of precursor calcium carbonate- and magnesium-bearing ground waters by a Evapotranspiration in trees mechanism involving cation diffusion. Analyses of R. L. Wershaw and Irving Friedman hare conducted genetically related aragonite, calcite, stuffed calcic evapotranspiration studies on trees grown, in a con­ protodolomite, protodolomite, and ordered dolomite are trolled-atmosphere greenhouse. Initial experiments in­ essentially identical in O18 composition. This would be dicate that the leaves fractionate deuterium during expected if the carbonate lattice of the aragonite or cal­ transpiration by approximately the amount to be ex­ cite precursor remained intact during transformation to pected from equilibrium liquid-vapor relations. Results dolomite. Measurements of the O18 content of contempo­ of hydrogen-deuterium measurements on lepf water and raneously precipitated hydromagnesite indicate that if tree-input water from trees growing in the open in dolomite formed from calcium carbonate by solution Arizona are similar to greenhouse results. and redeposition the dolomite would contain a few parts O18/O16 and C^/C12 ratios in fluid inclusions per thousand more O18 than the calcium carbonates. R. O. Rye and J. R. O'Neil have determined the Isotopic alteration of limestone O18/O16 ratio of water and the C13/C12 rat.io of CO2 in Samples of Madison Limestone in the vicinity of the primary fluid inclusions in minerals from Providencia, Snake River hot springs near the southern border of Mexico. The SO18 of the inclusions in sphalerite Yellowstone National Park have been examined for is 1 to 3 parts per thousand lighter than pristine mag- O18 content by Irving Friedman. Even though no vis­ matic waters and has probably resulted f ~om isotopic ISOTOPE AND NUCLEAR GEOCHEMISTRY A109

exchange between the hydrothermal fluids and the series dating (J. N. Rosholt, r2l7l) was developed to crystalline granodiorite through which the ore fluids account for the disc6rdancy between Pa231/U235 and passed after they left a magmatic source. The measured Th230/U234 ratios. values for the SO18 of the hydrothermal fluids are in Apparent ages have been calculated from the open- reasonable agreement with values that were calculated system model by B. J. Szabo and J. N. Rosholt on from filling-temperature measurements of fluid in­ several mollusk shells from elevated marine terrace? in clusions, experimental isotope-f ractionation factors, and southern California described by Yerkes and Went- the SO18 of calcite and quartz. The SC13 of the CO2 in worth (p. 39).54 Seven species from near USGS loc. sphalerite is in the range believed to be typical of juve­ M2017 in the low terrace of Palos Verdes Hills have nile CO2. Fluid inclusions in oxygen-bearing minerals ages of 95,000±15,000 years, 7 species from USGS loc. such as quartz and calcite or carbon-bearing minerals M1710 on the Dume Terrace near Point Dume have r (*es such as calcite do not appear promising for direct deter­ of 105,000± 15,000 years, and 2 species from Terrace C minations of the SO18 or SC13 of hydrothermal fluids at Corrall Canyon have ages of 120,000±20,000 ye

ADVANCES IN GEOCHRONOMETRY portional to the isotope dilution ratios in the rock samples even though there may be considerable varia­ Neutron-activation analysis of protactinium tion in the total but not relative fluorescence as a result A new method for the determination of Pa231/U238 in of absorption effects. For this X-ray method, the overall fossil samples and common crustal rocks has been de­ precision (2a for the Rb/Sr ratio) is ±3 percent. veloped by J. N. Eosholt and B. J. Szabo using the Chronology of emplacement of Mesozoic batholithic technique of neutron activation. The method, which is complexes in California and western Nevada based on the accurate determination of protactinium in R. W. Kistler and J. F. Evernden (Univ. of Calif.) material containing uranium in the parts-per-million have concluded a geochronologic study of tl Q< Mesozoic range, has potential application to uranium-series dat­ batholiths in California and western Nevada. This ing of Pleistocene samples and to the investigation of the study took place over a period of 10 years and has in­ migration of uranium and thorium in common crustal volved over 400 age determinations at 250 localities. material. The nuclear reaction Initially, K-Ar ages of bioti'te samples gave geologically , 7) Pa232 |8 U232 a Th228 reasonable results for rather limited areas, but as a 1.3 day 72 yr greater portion of the Sierra Nevada batholith was studied the geochronometric results (K-^ r dates on with a thermal neutron cross section of about 220 barns,55 biotite) often contradicted the age relations established is used to produce U232 for subsequent comparison to on the basis of fieldwork. When the importance of horn­ the U238 that had been naturally incorporated in the blende as a suitable mineral for K-Ar dating was estab­ sample. The U232/U238 ratio, which is proportional to lished the reason for the geologic and geocl ronometric the Pa231/U238 ratio in the sample, is determined by com­ contradictions was readily apparent. A granite body parison with a reference sample irradiated with the same emplaced into an older plutonic terrane WPS shown to cumulative neutron flux. The optimum cumulative ther­ exhibit a pronounced effect in disturbing or resetting mal neutron flux is approximately 2X1019 neutrons/ the mineral ages in the older plutons. In fact, in the sq cm, which produces a U238/U232 activity ratio of 10. older terrane at distances from the contact equal to High-resolution alpha-spectrometer measurements are the dimension of the intruding body, the K-Ar and used to determine the isotopic composition of uranium Rb-Sr ages of biotites were reset to the ag°s of the in­ chemically separated from the irradiated sample. On truding unit. Because of the better argon retention the basis of considerations of accuracy alone, the tech­ properties of hornblende this same effect was noticeable nique appears to make obsolete all previous methods used for only half this distance. The advent of the whole- for the determination of protactinium. rock Rb-Sr isochron method, which is capable of deter­ Rapid method for measuring Rb/Sr ratio in silicate rocks mining the age of systems which have undergone regional or contact metamorphism, helped establish the A rapid, simple X-ray fluorescence method for deter­ upper age limit for some of the older plutonic bodies. mining Rb and Sr concentrations in silicate rocks has been perfected by W. P. Doering. For studies in Rb-Sr Additionally, it was shown that the K-Ar ages of horn­ geochronology in which a large number of samples with blendes approached or equaled the whole-rock Rb-Sr differing Rb/Sr ratios are needed to precisely define a isochron age, provided samples can be oHained suf- single isochron, the Rb/Sr ratio is used, rather than ficently far away from younger intrusives. absolute concentrations of each element. The coupling of all these methods has revealed dis­ For a suite of rocks with similar composition, it is tinct periods of magma generation and intrusion when common practice to do a representative series by isotope the ages are related to the distribution of genetic groups dilution analysis and the remainder by X-ray fluores­ of plutons based on geologic mapping. Five epochs of cence, using the isotope dilution values as standards. magma generation and emplacement that took from 10 Rb and Sr are consecutive elements, and the Ka. line to 15 m.y. to complete were initiated at approximately wavelengths (0.87660 A for Sr and 0.092688 A for Rb) 30 m.y. intervals. Each intrusive epoch was preceded by, are also close together so that in a given sample the or was in part contemporaneous with, a period of re­ matrix effects on Rb and Sr are almost identical and gional deformation in California or western Nevada. therefore nearly cancel each other. The uncorrected Further results of this study, as well as a table pro­ X-ray ratios, determined by proportional counting of viding data on plutons sampled, are given under the each wavelength for a predetermined period, are pro- heading "Pacific Coast Region" in the section "Geologi­ 55 1 = 10-24 sq cm. cal, Geophysical, and Mineral-Resource Studies." ISOTOPE AND NUCLEAR GEOCHEMISTRY Alll

Hydration-rind dating of rhyolite flows Increment heating studies on pyroxene Friedman and Smith described a technique for dat­ As part of a study to establish the age of the Still- ing obsidian artifacts based on measuring hydration water Complex, Montana, routine K-Ar dating was rinds.56 The technique depends on the fact that the arti­ applied to all K-bearing phases by R. W. Kistler. A fact maker, in chipping or flaking the artifact, exposed K-Ar age of 3.2 ±0.2 b.y. was obtained for a whole- a fresh surface of volcanic glass to the atmosphere. rock specimen from the chilled border phase, while ages Water vapor was then adsorbed on the surface and of 7.1 and 8.4 b.y. were obtained for an augite and slowly diffused into the body of the artifact, producing bronzite sample, respectively, showing that both pyrox­ a hydration layer or rind. Rates of diffusion were de­ enes contain excess radiogenic argon. Argon extracted rived by measuring hydration rinds on artifacts of from these pyroxenes by an increment heating proce­ known age, or on artifacts whose ages could be inferred dure demonstrates that argon is held in two positions in by C14 dating of associated carbonaceous material. The the minerals. Argon in the first position can be com­ rates were shown to be independent of relative humid­ pletely removed by heating the pyroxenes in a vacuum ity, but dependent on the temperature of hydration. at 800°C, while argon in the second position is removed Hydration rates varied from 0.36ju,2/l,000 years for the only upon fusion of the mineral. Tho excess radiogenic Arctic to 1 Wl,000 years for the tropics. argon is thought to have been introduced into the Recent work by Irving Friedman (r!07l) has shown crystal when the complex was metamorphosed about that this technique can be applied to the dating of 2.7 b.y. ago and not when the complex crystallized. It rhyolitic flows as well. At Glass Mountain, Medicine is concluded that this excess radiogenic argon in the Lake, northern California, several samples of trees Stillwater pyroxenes is held at interfaces between host burned by composite rhyolite-dacite flows yielded Cu crystals and exsolution lamellae and can be removed at dates of approximately 400 ±200 years B.P. Original temperatures that do not affect the argon in lattice surfaces, created when the flow was still in motion, dis­ positions. played rather uniform hydration thicknesses of After removal of this rather mobile component of 1.3±0.2ju, a thickness to be expected if hydration oc­ radiogenic argon, ages of 3.6 and 4.1 b.y. result using curred at surface temperatures over a period of 300 to the potassium content and the residual componert of 400 years. This technique was also applied to several argon, which is believed to be produced by the deca y of flows of Mono Craters, eastern California. Preliminary potassium. While these ages are surprisingly old, they results gave ages of approximately 1,300 years for are within the realm of possibility when the geologic Panum Dome, 1,800 years for the North Coulee (flow), uncertainties surrounding the complex are considered. 2,500 years for the Southern Coulee, 5,800 years for the Another study on a pyroxene sample from the Sierra caldera just north of Devils Punch Bowl, and ages rang­ Nevada which has undergone contact metamorphism ing from 8,700 to 31,000 years for 4 samples collected indicates that in the absence of exsolution lamellae no from Devils Punch Bowl. These ages are in general excess argon was introduced into the crystal. agreement with K-Ar ages reported by G. B. Dalrymple It is concluded that pyroxenes without exsolrtion (r0894) for the Mono Craters region. lamellae and those with lamellae but subjected to incre­ Dating of obsidian by hydration can be used to date ment heating studies may be uniquely useful for dating flows between 200 and 200,000 years old with errors of ultramafic complexes, and that useful information about ±20 percent caused by uncertainties regarding the rates metamorphic temperatures can be obtained by the tem­ of hydration. The minimum age is determined by the perature of release of argon driven into imperfections minimum thickness that can be measured and the maxi­ in pyroxene crystals during a metamorphic event. mum by the fact that the hydration layer spalls from the glass after reaching a thickness of approximately 20^. ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY The technique, also applicable to porphyritic glass, is inexpensive and rapid; in addition, the work can Natural radioisotopes in major United States rivers easily be done at the outcrop. However, this technique Information on the natural radioisotope levels in 12 of dating by hydration measures the time since the ob­ sidian surface or crack was made; where any one of major United States rivers has been made available as a many events could have created the surface that is result of a 3-year study.57 Levels of uranium in the Colo­ measured, care must be taken to correlate the correct rado River at Yuma, Ariz., averaged 7.5 ppib, the Mis­ event with the hydration date. souri River at Nebraska City, Nebr., averaged 5.0 ppb 66 Irving Friedman and K. L. Smith, 1960, A new dating method using ^ V. J. Janzer, 1965-67, Kadioisotopes in surface water: U.S. Geol. obsidian Pt. I, Development of the method: Am. Antiquity, v. 25, p. Survey Water Resources Rev., Dec. 1, 1965, May 1, 1966, Aug. 1, 1966, 476-493. Jan. 1, 1967, and Aug. 1, 1967 issues. A112 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES and the Mississippi River at Luling Ferry, La., aver­ understanding the origin of sedimentary rocks other aged 1.8 ppb during the study period. Maximum ura­ than marine sediments, which are descrbed under nium concentrations observed were 9.7 ppb in the "Marine Sedimentology" - in the section "Marine Colorado, 7.2 ppb in the Missouri, and 2.5 ppb in the Geology and Hydrology." Mississippi. Radium concentrations ranged from a high Sedimentary structures of 0.6 pc/1 in the Colorado River at Yuma to less than A newly recognized primary structure, teamed "dish 0.1 pc/1 at most other locations. A maximum gross alpha structure" by C. M. Wentworth, commonly occurs in the concentration of 31 /*g of uranium equivalent per liter central portion of graded beds in coarse-grained turbid- occurred in the Colorado River at Yuma and a maxi­ ites of the California Coast Ranges. Dish structure is mum beta concentration of 21 pc/1 of strontium-yttrium a form of internal stratification consisting of a sequence 90 equivalent was observed in the Missouri River during of small lenses 4 to 50 cm long and 1 to 6 cm thick which the 3-year period. are oval in plan and concave-upward at the base. Indi­ Thorium in Colorado surface and ground waters vidual structures are defined by a slightly clayey base V. J. Janzer reports that a fluorometric method has from which the clay content decreases and sand size been used for determining as little as 0.1 jug thorium in increases upward to a coarser clay-free top. Dish struc­ water. Thorium in the samples is coprecipitated with ture could be formed by standing-wave or antidune barium sulfate. The precipitate is redissolved and a flow within a turbidity current, with aggradation occur­ fluorescence, proportional to the thorium contained, is ring rapidly in pulses as the waves break and re-form. then developed using morin. A number of Colorado The size of individual dishes is compatible with that of surface and ground waters have been tested using the antidune structures formed in flumes, and recent re­ method, and thorium levels have been found to be less search on the origin of beach lamination (see H. E. than 0.1 ppb in almost every case. Water samples in the Clifton, under "Marine Sedimentology") demonstrates normal pH range which were collected in the vicinity of that movement of a thick tractive load can produce known thorium deposits have also contained less than reverse grading in sand such as that found in the 0.1 ppb thorium. However, acid mine-drainage water interior of individual dishes. lias been found to contain 4 ppb thorium. It appears that A comparison by G. W. Colton and P. R Margolin acidity is a major factor controlling thorium concentra­ of sedimentary structures within two units generally tion in natural waters. considered to be of grossly different origin showed that surprisingly few structures were unique to either unit. The units, both predominantly Late Devonian in age, SEDIMENTOLOGY are the Chemung Formation, generally interpreted as a marine deposit, and the Catskill Formation, generally Sedimentology, the study of sediments and sedimen­ thought to result from nonmarine deposition. Structures tary rocks, encompasses investigations of principles unique to the Chemung are (1) abundant r^sedimented and processes of sedimentation and includes develop­ marine shells and fish scales, (2) numerous flow rolls ment of new techniques and methods of study. Sedi- ("storm rollers" or "ball-and-pillow structure") of mentologic studies in the Geological Survey are sandstone and siltstone, and (3) relatively sparse thin directed toward two ends: (1) solution of water- beds and lenses of discoidal quartz pebbles in quartzose resources problems and (2) genetic interpretation of sandstone. Structures unique to the Catskill are (1) lo­ sediments and application of this knowledge to sedi­ cally abundant plates and spines of armored fish; (2) mentary rocks, in order to interpret more precisely their internal casts of tree trunks (arborescent l7copsids) in depositional environment. growth position; (3) leaf impressions; (4) casts of mud cracks (found atone locality only); (£) abundant, SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY almost ubiquitous, parting lineation; (6) tabular and Sedimentary petrology, as the term is used here, is trough types of medium- to large-scale crossbedding; the study of the origin of sediments and sedimentary and (7) in the lower part of many thick, channelled rocks. Many studies in the Geological Survey involving sandstones, commonly steeply crossbeddel lenses of sedimentary petrology are directly applied to other clay galls in a crystalline limestone matrix. topics such as economic or engineering geology or re­ In the laboratory, E. D. McKee experimentally con­ gional stratigraphic structural studies; these are re­ torted artificial sedimentary structures in sand and mud. ported elsewhere in this volume under their appropriate These experiments showed that analysis cf the struc­ headings. Studies described here apply directly to tural pattern produced may establish the t7pe of stress SEDIMENTOLOGY A113 and other factors involved in forming a particular concentrates strongly in the carbonate. The dolomites variety of contorted structure. This type of information thus are diagenetic, a byproduct of subterranean proc­ in turn is useful for interpreting the depositional en­ esses that convert sedimentary organic matter into nat­ vironment and postdepositional history of certain types ural gas and petroleum; their extraordinary isotopic of sediments showing contorted bedding. composition throws new light on the various chemical Paleogeography equilibria involved. J. H. Stewart has completed a study of the deposi­ tional environment of the upper Precambrian and FLUVIAL SEDIMENTATION Lower Cambrian strata of the southern Great Basin in The erosion of sediment within river drainage ar-^as, California and Nevada. The widespread uniformity of the movement of the sediment through stream channels, composition, thickness, and stratification within these and the deposition of the sediment along streams and strata indicates that they probably accumulated on a in other bodies of water is of great economic importance marine shelf, an interpretation supported by faunal to society even though many of the sedimentation proc­ evidence. The sediments were deposited by strong, ap­ esses are related to or are a part of natural phenomena. parently tidal currents that flowed dominantly west­ Unfortunately, much damage is unnoticed because it ward as indicated by cross-stratification direction. These occurs rather slowly. Therefore, the direct, and most data, combined with compositional studies of the sedi­ certainly the indirect, economic significance of fluvial ment, indicate the presence to the east of a cratonic sedimentation is usually ignored except where poss'ble lower Precambrian source terrane of metasedimentary corrective action is needed. and granitic rocks. In a chapter of a manual for sediment engineering, Textural studies in preparation by the American Society of Civil Ergi- A. T. Ovenshine and E. D. Pittman, in a study of the neers, Thomas Maddock, Jr., describes some aspectr of detritus of the Merced Eiver, Calif., related changes the economic significance of fluvial sedimentation. of shape and size distribution of pebbles to passage Most of the available information regarding erosion through a cataract. Immediately downstream from the is in terms of loss of plant nutrients, the increased cataract, the abundance of intermediate-size (8-32 mm) cost of land tillage, channel degradation, and loss of clasts declines, the incidence of broken round clasts in land by shore and streambank erosion. The cost of depos­ this size range increases, 'and the overall roundness of ited sediments involves maintenance or loss relative to the clasts decreases. These results are interpreted by the infertile material on flood plains, storage in reservoirs, following hypothesis of the mode of transport through channel aggradation, harbors, water-supply systems, the cataract: intermediate-size pebbles saltate with hydropower turbines, transportation facilities, the fish enough momentum to break upon collision with boulders and oyster industry, and wildlife and recreation ar^as. in the streambed, whereas larger pebbles move by roll­ ing-sliding traction and smaller pebbles are carried in EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD suspension. Impact of urban construction A computer program has been written by H. A. A comparison by W. J. Davis and T. H. Yorke of Tourtelot to generate the size-frequency distribution, data from two basins in the Maryland part of the Wash­ the cumulative size-frequency distribution, and the ington metropolitan area (Rock Creek and AnacoHia statistical parameters of the distribution for grain- River) for an "annual flood" indicates that the sediirent size analysis of a gravel or conglomerate in which the yield for the area under actual development (10 per­ material finer than about 8 mm is independently ana­ cent of the basin area) was approximately 26 tons per lyzed from a split of the original sample. Sieve weights acre (1,720 tons per sq mi). The yield from a nearby are the input data. primarily rural basin receiving nearly identical rain­ Compositional studies fall from the same storm was about 0.2 ton per acre or The origin of dolomite beds in the Miocene Mon- only 0.77 percent as much. terey Shale of California is indicated by the carbon- Effect of modifying vegetative cover isotope composition of the dolomite. K. J. Murata, According to L. M. Nelson the sediment yield of the Irving Friedman, and B. M. Madsen found that carbon 41.1-sq-mi Wynoochee River basin, measured at the in many of these beds is abnormally rich in C13. The gaging station near Grisdale, Wash., for the 1966 wr,ter most likely process for producing such heavy-carbon year was 3,100 tons per sq mi, of which about one-third carbonate calls for isotopic-exchange equilibration be­ was transported as bedload below the suspended- tween carbonate and methane. In this equilibration, C13 sediment sampling zone. The record also shows that 80 A114 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES percent of the sediment moved from the basin during movement occurred throughout the layer of the moving one rainy period, December 12-19,1966. Nelson believes 2-foot-high dunes, whereas for the firm fat bed con­ that the sediment instability and high erosion rates dition, the layer of particle movement war only a few are caused mostly by man's activity in removal of the grain diameters thick. forest cover and by road construction. Effect of sand-wave properties Effect of glaciation C. F. Nordin, Jr. (r!939), reports that if the sound­ On the basis of a preliminary 'analysis of sediment ing records of ripple and dune-bed configurations in yields in the Susquehanna River basin, K. F. Williams sand channels are standardized to account for scale, the reports that the yield from the glaciated part of the statistical properties of all sand-ripple and dune waves basin is highly variable and shows little relationship to are similar regardless of size of channel. H'e also noted land use. However, in the unglaciated parts of the that the profiles of sand waves can be approximately basin, land use has been shown to be a significant factor represented as stationary Gaussian processes with controlling the amount of sediment yield.58 parameters that relate to flow character sties. These Effect of soil texture and parent material on particle size findings make the sand-wave bedload equation devel­ oped by Simons and others for ripples anc1 dunes more According to R. F. Flint the St. Marys River near applicable.59 Fort Wayne, in northeastern Indiana, which drains an area of silty-clay loams and clay loams developed from Effect of particle size fine-grained glacial till, yielded suspended sediment In a series of flume experiments with radioactive- with an average particle-size distribution of 2 percent tracer sand particles, W. W. Sayre and Tsung Yang sand, 12 percent silt, and 86 percent clay. In contrast, found that, for both ripple and dune-bed conditions, Raccoon Creek near Fincastle, in western Indiana, fine sand particles are transported and dispersed more which drains an area of silt loams developed from rapidly than coarse or medium particles. There was medium-grained glacial till and loess, yielded an aver­ little difference in behavior between the coarse and the age particle-size distribution of 3 percent sand, 51 medium-size particles. They also found that the one- percent silt, and 46 percent clay. dimensional form of the stochastic model for the trans­ port and dispersion of bed-material particles (W. W. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Sayre and W. J. Conover, r0708) can be obtained as a Movement of boulders and cobbles special case of the more general conservation of mass In a theoretical analysis E. J. Helley found, by bal­ equations for the transport, deposition, and reentrain- ancing the forces of fluid flow with the resisting forces, ment of suspended sediment particles (W. W. Sayre, that shape, density, and angle of repose are important r21?2). This relationship may prove to H useful for factors controlling the initiation of motion of boulders predicting properties of the step-length distribution and cobbles. The calculation of a theoretical bottom function for particles in the stochastic model from velocity from consideration of particle character and known hydraulic and sediment-transport data. initiated motion matches the measured bottom velocity Relation between eddy diffusion and particH fall velocity at Blue Creek near Klamath, Calif. Helley also suggests that the step length of large-size particles is greatly In several experiments in a flume with a very rough affected by the shape of the particles. boundary, H. E. Jobson and W. W. Sayr^ found that, \ although the value of the vertical turbulent mass- Effect of streambed configuration transfer coefficient for a soluble dispersant i<* slightly less Field studies of sediment movement in streams by than the value of the momentum transfer coefficient, V. C. Kennedy and R. E. Rathbun indicated that 0.3- both are distributed approximately parabolically over mm quartz fluorescent-tracer particles were transported the depth of flow. Analysis to date indicates that the about 30 fpd along the streambed when the flow veloc­ value of the mass-transfer coefficient for su^ended sand ity was 2 fps and the bed had a dune configuration. particles is somewhat lower than for soluble materials In contrast these same particles moved 30,000 fpd and tends to decrease further with increasing particle where the streambed was flat and the mean flow velocity size. They also found that the average fall velocities of was 5 fps. It is further noted that the transport sand particles in turbulent flow agreed well with fall rates were not of the same ratio as the ratio of these flow velocities of like particles in still water for values of velocities; this is because, for the dune condition, the the Rouse number as large as 3. This to some extent

58 B. L. Jones, 1966, Effects of agricultural conservation practices 68 D. B. Simons, E. V. Richardson, and C. F. Nordin, Jr., 1965, Bedload on the hydrology of Corey Creek basin, Pennsylvania, 1954-60: U.S. equation for ripples and dunes: U.S. Geol. 'Survey Prof. Paper 462-H, Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1532-C, 55 p. 9 p. GLACIOLOGY A115 contradicts the results of Loyacano 60 who, by a some­ channel sections with a gamma ray probe. The volume what different experimental technique, found that fall deposited as measured with the probe compared closely velocities in turbulent flow were significantly larger with the volume as determined from suspended-sediment when the Rouse number was somewhat larger than 1. data for the intake water from the Mississippi River. From these data W. H. Doyle, Jr., made predictions of Evaluation of experiments in open flumes how and when the channel for Bayou Lafourche may By extensive measurements H. P. Guy, R. E. Rath- be stabilized. bun, and E. V. Richardson compared the flow and sediment-transport results of the two major types of GLACIOLOGY sediment feed systems for flume operations (H. P. Guy and others, r0791; R. E. Rathbun and H. P. Guy, Glacier dynamics rOTOT). The flume used was 20 cm wide and 10 m long, Extraordinarily large movements of glaciers (glacier and could easily be converted from the commonly used surges) of up to 10 km a year have been observed in recirculation system to a mechanical-feed system. Equi­ Alaska, Yukon, 'and British Columbia by Austin Post. librium-flow and transport conditions were not signifi­ An aerial-photograph study was made during 196T of cantly different for the two methods of operation. thousands of glaciers in the western mountains of the As logically expected, when nonequilibrium conditions conterminous United States and Canada and in Alaeka. were induced at constant water discharge, it was found The study disclosed 152 possible surging glaciers in that changes in the tailwater depth or sand-bed slope portions of the Alaska Range, northeast Wrangell resulted in. new equilibrium conditions for the recircula­ Mountains, Icefield Ranges, and the St. Eli as Mountains tion system, whereas the feed system returned to the near Yakutat and Glacier Bay. No apparent association hydraulic and sediment transport conditions existing of these surges with climate, topography, geology, or before the change. Also, when the sediment load was size of glacier has been found; a possible association changed, new equilibrium conditions were established with some of the large fault-related valleys suggests for both systems. however, that abnormal heat flow, bedrock permeability, Evaluation of tracer-dye loss or perhaps some other bed phenomenon is responsible for these unusual glacial advances. The loss of fluorescence of Rhodamine WT and The implications of glacier surges are far reaching Pontacyl Pink B dye on naturally occurring fine sedi­ and have attracted worldwide interest. One theory has ment in a fine sediment-water dispersion from the Rio been proposed in which a thinning and surging Ant­ Puerco near Bernardo, N. Mex., was investigated by arctic icecap caused the earth's major ice ages. J. C. C. H. Scott, V. W. Norman, and F. K. Fields. A pipet Behrendt has made additional measurements of the analysis of the sediment showed 99.9 percent to be finer gravity difference between McMurdo Sound and the than 62.5/t and 85.6 percent finer than 4/*. Dye concen­ South Pole and has calculated a gravity increase of trations ranged from 1.5 to 20/*g/l in sediment con­ 0.11 mgal/yr at the South Pole station for the period centrations ranging from 650 to 22,500 mg/1. 1957-66. A possible explanation for the increase is that The results showed that for both dyes all the loss the icecap at the South Pole is thinning at a rate of occurred in less than 30 minutes and was dependent on about 40 cm/yr. If this is true, it is in contrast to cur­ the concentration of sediment and independent of the rent knowledge which suggests that the Antarctic ice­ concentration of dye. The loss of fluorescence was negli­ cap is in an equilibrium state. gible for concentrations of less than 500 to 600 mg/1 of In the first tractable numerical model for three- fine sediment. The loss of Pontacyl Pink B increased dimensional, time-dependent glacier flow, developed by more rapidly in increasing concentrations of sediment W. J. Campbell and L. A. Rasmussen, some charac^er- than did the loss of Rhodamine WT. istics of glacier surges were reproduced by varying the SEDIMENT DEPOSITION bed-friction coefficient. The model, which is based on a viscous flow law and a linear relation of bed stres^1 to Deposition from Mississippi River water flow, forms a three-dimensional glacier with a two- Since 1955, the water requirements for a pumping dimensional flow field. The input is an arbitrary net- plant at Donaldsonville, La., have necessitated transfer balance versus altitude function applied to an arbitrary of sediment-laden water from the Mississippi River to bed configuration. The solution shows many features Bayou Lafourche. Measurements of the sediment de­ observed on real glaciers and, by varying the net- posited in the bayou were made by defining previous balance input, traveling waves such as those observed on the Nisqually Glacier are generated. °J. N. Loyacano, 1967, Fall velocity of sand particles in turbulent flume flow: Colorado State Univ., M.S. thesis, 76 p. M. F. Meier, in a calculation of the flow dynamics of A116 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES Nisqually Glacier, Wash., utilized known surface ve­ Photographs of Nisqually Glacier have been taken locities, surface altitude, and surface-slope data for a over a 24-year period by F. M. Veatch, and he has ana­ 23-year period and determined yearly values of shear lyzed them to determine their usefulness as an adjunct stress and bed slip. These values suggest that existing to glaciological studies. The photographs clearly show theories of bed slip cannot be correct or that it is im­ changes in length, extent, and activity of the glacier possible to calculate stress in a flowing glacier according during this period. Changes in surface slope and to simple two-dimensional statistical techniques. changes in thickness at one cross profile measured from these photographs agree well with values derived from Glacier hydrology and mass balance maps and stadia surveys. Crevasses, debris patterns, The mass balances of four glaciers being studied dur­ erosion of bedrock walls, and the effects of outburst ing the International Hydrological Decade were floods on the stream channel below the glacier can be measured and computed during 1967 (Gulkana and defined from the photographs. However, snowline alti­ Wolverine Glaciers, Alaska, L. R. Mayo; South Cas­ tudes could not be successfully determined on this cade Glacier, Wash., W. V. Tangborn; Maclure Glacier, rough glacier using these ground-station photographs. Calif., D. R. Scully). The Alaskan glaciers had very negative balance due, in part, to the low snow accumu­ lation during the previous winter. Mayo also reported PALEONTOLOGY on the high values of runoff from the glaciated Alaskan Range, which produces 10 times more runoff than the Research by paleontologists of the U.S. Geological adjacent lowlands. The winter-snow accumulation on Survey involves biostratigraphic, taxonomic, and phyl- South Cascade Glacier during 1966-67 was near the ogenetic studies in a wide variety of plant and animal highest on record. A long, warm summer followed, with groups. The results of this research are applied to spe­ high melting rates and little precipitation. The result cific geologic problems related to the Survey's program was a 0.50 m balance and a very high exchange (winter of geologic mapping and to application of the mapping accumulation plus summer ablation). The 1967 mass- to synthesis of the geologic history of North America balance computation for South Cascade Glacier was and the surrounding oceans. Significant rerults of pale- repeated using techniques developed by Randi Pytte of ontologic research attained during the past year, many Oslo, Norway, for Norwegian glaciers. The Maclure of them as yet unpublished, are summarized in this Glacier, in Yosemite National Park in California, had section by major geologic age and area. a very 'high winter-snow accumulation and a low Many paleontologic determinations are carried out summer-ablation rate. The resulting balance of +1.21 by palentologists of the Geological Survey in coopera­ m of water is undoubtedly abnormal for this glacier. tion with Survey colleagues. The results of these investi­ Another unusual glacier phenomenon is the sudden gations are reported elsewhere in this report and are outburst flood (jokulhlaup) from a glacier. D. R. Rich­ generally listed in the index as the entries "paleontol­ ardson (p. D79-D86) has studied eyewitness accounts ogy" or "stratigraphy" under names of States. of glacier floods from Mount Rainier glaciers and has concluded that the floods were due to the abrupt release PALEOZOIC OF THE UNITED STATES of water accumulated within the glaciers. Some jokulh- Cincinnati arch pelecypods laups were associated' with the occurrence of heavy rains, but no direct clamatic cause could be found for Acid etching of silicified Ordovician limestone from others. the Cincinnati arch area continues to yield r ew and valu­ able pelecypod speciments. Complete specimens of many Long-term glacier variations species have been recovered. One of the me st important W. V. Tangboni computed the ice and snow storage recent finds has been the first known examples of the changes of glaciers in the Thunder Creek drainage archaic pteriacean pelecypod Palaeopteria, Whiteaves basin, Cascade Mountains, Wash., for the period 1920- in the United States; specimens ofthis genus came from 65 by using hydrologic and meteorologic data from low- the upper part of the Lexington Limestone of Kentucky. altitude stations. The purpose of the computations was Ordovician pelecypods are not well krown largely to extend the record of glacier mass balances in the because of the poor preservation of originally aragonite mountain range in order to better understand the cli­ shells, and as a result, they have been little used for matic conditions which determine a glacier's balance. correlation of Ordovician strata. The new silicified ma­ The resulting balances agree with the balances actually terial is providing significant insights into the biostra- measured on two glaciers, one in the Thunder Creek tigraphy of the group, and the Cincinnati arch section basin and the other in the nearby Cascade River basin. will provide a standard to which other Ordovician PALEONTOLOGY A117 rocks in the eastern United States can be compared the Oil Creek and Joins Formations in Oklahoma and when their pelecypods become better known. John Po- occur in the Whiterock Stage in Nevada. Species of jeta, Jr., recognizes seven Ordovician pelecypod phyletic Multioistodus range through the Marmor and Ashby lines to which almost all younger pelecypod groups can Stages (Dutchtown Formation of McQueen (1937) 61 ) in be related. Because these seven lines represent the pri­ Missouri. The middle assemblage zone is characterized mary radiation of the class they can be taxonomically by Erismodus and the upper one by Polyplacognathm treated as subclasses. and Pkragmodus. These two assemblages probably be­ Rugose coral zonation long in the late Ashby and early Porterfield Stages. Rugose corals associated with stromatoporoids in Mississippian corals from Alaska strata spanning the Silurian-Devonian boundary in A. K. Armstrong has completed a study of the TTis- eastern New York (Cobleskill, Rondout, and Manlius sissippian rugose coral fauna from the Craig-Klawak Formations) define a succession of zones that may be region of the Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska. of value for regional correlations. According to W. A. The Mississippian limestones contain a large and diver­ Oliver, Jr., some of the corals are found in the same sified fauna of colonial corals of which approximately approximate stratigraphic positions as far south as 50 percent have been described previously. The Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia (Keyser For­ following genera are recognized: Lithostrotion (Si- mation) and as far north as Maine and Quebec. phonodendron) , Diphyphyllwn, LitJiostrotion°Ma, Late Silurian brachiopods and ostracodes Thysanophyllum^ and 8ciop~tiyllum. The coral fr.una Brachiopods and ostracodes from the Cobleskill Lime­ suggests an age equivalent to the Mount Head Folia­ stone, the youngest fossiliferous Silurian formation in tion of western Canada and to Sando's zones D and F in central New York, have been studied by J. M. Berdan. the Mississippian System of the western United States. One species of brachiopod and 14 species of ostracodes Conodont pairs recognized in California, Nevada, and are new. Three ostracode genera known hitherto only Oklahoma from Europe are reported from North America for Idiognathoides sinuata Harris and Hollingsworth the first time. The brachiopods and ostracodes reinforce and Idwgnathiodes corrugata (Harris and Hollings­ the correlation of the Cobleskill with part of the Rond- worth) occur in approximately equal numbers in r->cks out Limestone (Silurian and Devonian) of the Hudson of Pennsylvanian age in Elko County, Nev., in the Valley, the Decker Limestone of New Jersey, and the Bird Spring Formation (Mississippian, Pennsylvarian, Eccentricosta Zone of the Keyser Limestone (Silurian and Permian), southeastern California, and in the and Devonian(?)) of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir­ Wapanucka Limestone of Pennsylvanian age, Johnson ginia, and West Virginia. County, Okla. Previously these species have beer re­ New light on some mydocopid ostracodes garded as unpaired asymmetrical conodont elements and I. G. Sohn collected myocopid ostracodes having pe­ originally referred to different genera. J. W. Huddle culiar radial markings in Lower Pennsylvanian rocks regards the "two species" as slightly asymmetrical of Kentucky. These markings have been used to dis­ paired elements; left-hand forms are 7. sinuata, and the criminate the following species: Elpezoe radiata (Ul- right-hand forms are 7. corrugata. The occurrence of rich), of Ordovician age, and Oypridina radiata Jones, other pairs of "species" in Idiognathoides and related Kirkby, and Brady and C. aciculata Scott and Summer- genera should be looked for. Unpaired conodont ele­ son, of Pennsylvanian age. Preliminary study indicates ments are rarer than previously thought. that the markings are secondary in origin and should Late Paleozoic flora and fauna from New Mexico not be used for classification. The Pennsylvanian speci­ A significant collection of fossil plants and other or­ mens are abundant and large enough to be recognized ganisms was made by S. H. Mamay and A. D. Watt at with a hand lens in the field and make excellent strati- a presumably Late Pennsylvanian locality in the Man- graphic markers for field mapping. zano Mountains, southeast of Albuquerque, N. Tlex. Ordovician conodont zones recognized in Nevada The fossiliferous rocks lie in the upper part of the J. W. Huddle has tentatively recognized three cono­ Madera Limestone and contain an intimate and rich dont assemblage zones in collections made by R. J. Ross, association of plants, invertebrates, and fishes. Several Jr., from the Antelope Valley Limestone of the Pogonip new plant taxa were found, including a putative gink- Group in Nevada. The lowest zone contains three abun­ gophyte with twice-forked, needlelike leaves nearly 3 dant multiple-element species of Multioistodus, and Oistodus, and species of Ohosonodina and HistiodeUa. 91 H. S. McQueen, 1937, The Dutchtown, a new Lower Ordovician formation in southeastern Missouri: Missouri Geol. Survey and Water These conodonts have previously been reported from Resources 59th Bienn. Kept., app. 1, p. 12-25. A118 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES feet long. Also present is a specimen of a cycadeoidlike western part of the Cretaceous seaway of the western frond, suggesting a precursive Mesozoic element in the interior. Possible explanations include modifications in flora, which otherwise appears to be a typically Late the environmental preferences of f oraminiferal genera, Pennsylvanian assemblage. Associated animals in this supplemented by post-Cretaceous evolution of new taxa, collection include a scorpion, a new pleuracanth fish, and the presence of truly unusual environmental condi­ several isopodlike crustaceans, and an insect wing. tions within the Cretaceous seaway. First sAeps toward Pectenoid clams are abundant throughout the beds, the solution of this problem include summarizing what and several examples of neuropterid pteridosperm is presently known about Cretaceous foraminiferal fronds carrying sessile juvenile forms of these clams faunas, more intensive study of faunas fron? the central were found, as well as several spat falls. and eastern regions of the seaway, and integration of New Lower Permian plants foraminiferal data with what can be learned about Cre­ taceous environments from other fossils. S. H. Mamay interpreted a suite of seed-bearing struc­ tures from several Lower Permian outcrops in Texas, Relationships and diversity of western-interior snails Kansas, and Oklahoma as the megasporophylls of the A synthesis of the Late Cretaceous gastropods of the oldest known Cycadales. Previously, true cycads were western interior, by N. F. Sohl, has revealei that these not known in rocks older than Late Triassic. Two new assemblages are closely related to coeval faunas of the genera, both morphologically similar to megasporo­ Gulf Coastal Plain and are not endemic, as had been phylls of the living genus Cycas, are present. These are thought previously. During early Late Cretaceous postulated as being evolutionary derivatives of the (Cenomanian) time, a common fauna exirted in both Late Pennsylvanian genus Spermopteris, a fertile form areas, and this condition persisted until the Coniacian. of Taeniopteris a hypothesis supported by the con­ The tendency for development of an endemic post- sistent association of Taeniopteris foliage with both the Coniacian western-interior fauna was constantly modi­ new Permian forms and Triassic cycads. fied by migrants from the Gulf region which seldom Additional specimens of a loose, conelike plant struc­ ranged farther north than Colorado and by northern ture with coarsely ribbed, fanlike appendages are rec­ migrants that rarely reached as far south as New ognized as a new genus, of unknown affinity. These occur Mexico. in the Lower Permian Belle Plains and Vale Forma­ In gross aspect, diversity of the snail fauna is related tions of north-central Texas. Characteristics of detached to sediment type; nearshore sands contain the greatest appendages render them easily identifiable and poten­ diversity, whereas offshore finer grained ard carbonate tially useful as Leonard guide fossils. sequences contain a lesser diversity. In pr«,-Santonian deposits, a marked increase in diversity i^ coincident MESOZOIC OF THE UNITED STATES with times of maximum transgression. Molluskan assemblages from Delaware and Maryland Dimorphism in western-interior ammonite? A shallow-water nearshore molluskan fauna collected ScapMtes leei and Scaphites hippocrepi? are among by N. F. Sohl from the Upper Cretaceous Englishtown the more common and widely distributed ammonites in Formation along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal the western interior rocks of late Santonian to early in Delaware is the first diversified fauna to be discov­ Campanian age. W. A. Cobban has found that each ered in this normally unfossiliferous unit. Sohl, along species can be subdivided into several stratigraphically with L. C. Conant, J. P. Owens, and Z. S. Altschuler, useful forms and that populations at any level can be also collected similar fossils from the Marshalltown divided into morphologic types that are bes* interpreted Formation along the Sassafras River in Maryland, thus as sexual dimorphs. extending the known distribution of this fauna to the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay. CENOZOIC OF THE UNITED STATES Paleoenvironmental interpretation of Pierre Pliocene foraminifers of lower Colorado Rivr Shale Foraminifera Foraminifera of probable Pliocene agi*. have been Paleoenvironmental analysis of Foraminifera from identified by P. B. Smith from along the lov^er Colorado the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale by J. F. Mello, has River in southern California and Arizona. The foram­ shown that the foraminiferal assemblages are not com­ inifers, which occur in green and blue clays as much as parable, even at gross levels, to any likely recent en­ 700 feet thick intercalated in continental deposits, vironments. Analysis of published reports from this afford new insight into the paleoenvironment of this region indicates that anomalous or unconventional as­ area. semblages are characteristic of shale units from the In the north, near Parker, the marine section is thin PALEONTOLOGY

and contains only two species, Ammonia beccarii and shown to have a stratigraphic range extending from the Rosalina colimibiensis. To the south, the section thickens lower Campanian through the middle Paleocene in the and contains these species as well as EponideTia pal- Rocky Mountain region. marae, Elphidium cf. E. gunteri, Bolivina subesccavata, Quinqueloculina sp., and Globigerina sp. Furthermore, OTHER PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDIES in the Yuma area, an older fauna, consisting of abun­ dant globigerinids, Planulina sp., Uvigerina sp., and Foraminifera as temperature indicators Bolivina interjuncta, is found in addition to those listed P. B. Smith (USGS) and Cesare Emiliani (Unrr. of above. Miami, Fla.) have compared O18/O1G temperature meas­ The similarity of these faunas over such a wide area urements of benthonic Foraminifera with observed and through relatively thick stratigraphic sections temperature ranges off Central America. Monospe-nfic strongly suggests deposition in a marine embayment. and multispecific samples from depths of 47 to 885 This would agree with the Pliocene paleogeography of m were analyzed, and a close agreement between iso- this region as described by Durham and Allison,62 who topic and observed temperatures was found. postulated that such an embayment existed at the head Computer aid for study of fusulinid variation of the Gulf of California, which extended up into the present Imperial Valley and Colorado River basin. R. C. Douglass aided by N. J. Cotner and the Com­ puter Center Division has developed a computer pro­ Giant bison from Colorado gram for handling large numbers of measurements of A second horn core of a giant bison has been reported fusulinid Foraminifera. Measurements made at the from the Louviers Alluvium of Bull Lake age near various volutions of growth are converted to inter­ Canon City, Fremont County, Colo., by G. R. Scott and polated values for designated standard radii, thus G. E. Lewis. Measurements indicate that the horn cores providing meaningful comparisons with other speci­ of the original skull extended about 7 feet from tip to mens. Statistical summaries of the converted data tip. On this basis the specimen is identified as Giganto- are made for samples or groups of samples. The bison latifrons, the largest known species of bison. This programs have been applied to a suite of sarrples species has previously been considered as old as Yar­ from a limited stratigraphic interval in West Pakistan, mouth and as young as Sangamon, but the Louviers and more meaningful descriptions of the fusulinid taxa Alluvium occurrence extends its age range into Bull and their morphologic variation are now possible. Lake time. Miocene depth fluctuations at Midway Atoll Origin of arvicoline rodents Early Miocene smaller Foraminifera have been found C. A. Repenning's review of the jaw musculature of near the bottom of a deep drill hole on Midway Atoll the living arvicoline (meadow mice and related forms) by M. R. Todd and D. L. Low. The bottom of the bore­ and cricetine (hamsters and related forms) rodents has hole is in basalt at about 1,200 feet. A fauna consir^ing revealed diagnostic chewing specializations in the two chiefly of miliolid and paneroplid Foraminifera was subfamilies. Lower jaw configurations are of consider­ found at 1,186 feet and suggests reef or shallow water able aid in classifying Pliocene members of these prob­ deposition. A second fauna, 21 feet higher in the lematical rodents, and this study has aided in recogni­ sequence, at 1,165 feet is dominated by specimens of tion of the cricetine ancestry of the arvicolines. The bolivinid and buliminid Foraminifera suggesting dep­ arvicolines evolved rapidly throughout the Pleistocene, osition in moderately deep water. and a knowledge of their evolutionary trends places these rodents among the most significant Pleistocene First middle Eocene larger Foraminifera from Panama guide fossils in the Northern Hemisphere. Samples submitted by geologists of the U.S. A rmy Corps of Engineers from sites along one of the prof osed Rocky Mountain palynology routes of a new sea-level canal in Darien Province, B. D. Tschudy and E. B. Leopold have completed a Panama, have yielded well-preserved specimens identi­ taxonomic and stratigraphic study of selected compo­ fied by K. N. Sachs, Jr., as Lepidocyclina (Polylepi- nents of Aqmlapollenites (Rouse) Funkhouser, a genus dina) antillea in association with several species of of angiospermous pollen. Seventeen taxa are treated, in­ Discocyclina and Astrocyclina. This larger foramini- cluding 5 new species and 3 new varieties. The genus is feral association is characteristic of middle Eocene de­ 82 J. W. Durham and E. C. Allison, 1960, The geologic history of Baja posits elsewhere in the Caribbean area. These collections California [Mexico] and its marine faunas, in Symposium The biogeog- represent the first unequivocal Tertiary larger f oramini- raphy of Baja California and adjacent areas Pt. 1, Geologic history : Systematic /oology, v. 9, no. 2, p. 47-91. feral fauna older than upper Eocene from Panama,

318-835 O - A120 GEOLOGIC AND HYDRO-LOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

Contribution to stratigraphy and structure of north­ to water even if the settlements were besiegei. This sug­ western Jamaica gests that the drought of 1276 to 1299 was not the only Collections made by the late C. T. Trechmann in the cause (and perhaps not the major one) of the exodus of Lucea and John's Hall areas of Jamaica were submitted the sedentary Pueblo Indians from the region in the to N. F. Sohl by L. W. Chubb, of the University of the 13th century. Although most of these structures are West Indies, for identification. These collections formed large, with 50 or more rooms, the paucity of pottery and the basis for Trechmann's published conclusions that other cultural debris suggests a surpris:ngly short the Eocene Richmond Beds or Carbonaceous Shales period of occupancy for the effort involved in the con­ occurred widely west of the Wagwater Belt. The collec­ struction of the thick stone walls and the ercavation. of tions contain distinctive gastropods such as TrajaneUa kivas. A logical hypothesis is that encroaching preda­ Popovici-Hatzeg and iiTurritella>'> cf. T. cardenesis tory nomads robbed or destroyed the crops to drive out Boese that suggest a Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age. the Pueblo Indians, perhaps already discouraged by These findings support Chubb's contention that no drought-reduced harvests. Richmond Beds are present west of the Wagwater Belt, 3. The eroded remnant of a Pueblo site near Aneth, and remove the necessity for a complicated structural occupied in the late llth or early 12th century, is par­ interpretation of the Sunderland Inlier stratigraphic tially buried by alluvium. Lateral erosion of the river section. terrace has obliterated the debris mound, most of the Variation in corals southern tier of rooms, and half the kiva of the ruin, suggesting that locally the bank has been cut back at Study of colonies of rugose corals by W. A. Oliver, least 60 to 100 feet since 1880. This is confirmed by the Jr., indicates that for certain characters, intracolony relatively youthful growth of cottonwool and other variation may be much less than intercolony variation trees on the present flood plain. and suggests that such characters are closely controlled An unusual storm caused severe flooding in parts of genetically. In one colony, septal number is bimodally northern Arizona, southwestern Utah, and southern distributed, with the corallities of each mode predomi­ California during December 3-8, 1966. According to nating in different parts of the colony. This seems to be M. E. Cooley, B. N. Aldridge, and R. C. Euler (anthro­ an example of a colony with two genotypes, possibly pologist at Prescott College, Ariz.), the s^orm caused owing to a genetic accident but more likely formed by at least 13 different mudflows the first cnes ever re­ the intergrowth of adjacent colonies. ported in the Grand Canyon and many debris slides. The mudflows occurred in the upper canyon reaches of GEOMOftPHOLOGY Nankoweap, Lava, Crystal, and Shinumo Creeks in the north-rim area of the Grand Canyon. Most of the mud- Hydrological events determined from archeological flows were small; however, two of them one origi­ studies nating in Milk Creek, a tributary of Dragon Creek Prehistoric Pueblo Indian ruins on the terraces of in the Crystal Creek basin, and the other origi­ the San Juan River from Bluff, southeastern Utah, up­ nating in Lava Creek in Chuar Creek basin extended stream to the Four Corners bridge show a continuous from the north rim to the Colorado B :ver. Along occupation from about A.D. 700 to the late 12th cen­ Dragon Creek the mudflow apparently destroyed one of tury. Distinctive pottery types, made and used in the archaeological sites (mescal pits) surveyed by Euler periods of time identifiable by a tree-ring study of asso­ during the summer of 1966 and came within a few inches ciated specimens of wood, provide fairly accurate of inundating another. The mescal pits wer^ used by the dating of individual ruins. The location, construction, ancient Pueblo Indians about A.D. 1100±50, thus in­ and length of occupancy of some of the sites provide dicating that storms causing favorable conditions for some evidence of local changes in geomorphology and mudflows are relatively rare events in the Grand fluctuations in climate for the centuries in question and 'Canyon. even to the present. Three noteworthy observations have Changes in channel morphology been made by Deric O'Bryan: As part of a study to determine flow losses in an 1. A flood such as the Cottonwood Wash flood, which ephemeral stream channel, R. F. Hadley has established destroyed two-thirds of the town of Bluff in 1911, can 6 surveyed channel cross sections on a r^ach 4 miles be expected only once in over a thousand years. long on San Isidro Wash, near Cuba, northwestern 2. Because the Late Pueblo sites (classic Mesa Verde) New Mexico. In the period July 1963 to July 1966 no are located on the edge of low cliffs that confine the large flows occurred in the drainage basin, although channel of the river, the inhabitants would have access there were several small flows with peak discharges of GEOMORPHOLOGY A121 less than 100 cfs. In that 3-year period, the channel bed ance to flow remains nearly constant in the downslope was aggraded an average of about 0.7 foot. In August direction. Values of Manning's n were as high ar 1.0 1967 a flood with a peak of 1,590 cfs occurred, and the and averaged about 0.5, roughly corresponding to a channel bed was scoured an average of 1 foot over the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor of 100. Overland flow length of the reach. Thus, as would be expected, aggra­ is characterized by low Reynolds numbers, but the flow dation is dominant in years with small flows when flow is not truly laminar because of the disturbance of fall­ losses are high and, conversely, channels are eroded in ing raindrops and the influence of topographic irregu­ years with high flows. larities. Such a disturbed flow is capable of eroding and J. J. Hickey, in a study of the drainage basin of transporting sediments. No rills were formed by the northwestern California, used low-water streamflow flow and it is suggested that resistance to flow developed measurements to calculate streambed elevations near in a manner to maintain low velocities and thus low gaging stations. The average depth to water was sub­ erosion rates. Such interaction of hydraulic variables tracted from the gage height of the water surface to supports the concept of dynamic equilibrium among give average streambed elevation with reference to gage slopes within a drainage system. A theoretical model datum. The greatest change in streambed elevations based on most probable statistical concepts \pas devel­ generally occurred between the low-water periods of oped for overland flow on hillslopes, from laminar flow 1964 and 1965 and ranged from 2.8 feet of scour to 13.0 at the hilltop to fully turbulent flow at some distance feet of fill. At 25 of 51 stations the change in streambed down the slope. Evaluation of the model for most prob­ elevation exceeded 1 foot, and at all but 9 of the 51 sta­ able conditions requires that a hillslope must have a tions the change represented fill. Most of the fill ma­ convex upper segment, a straight middle segment, and terial probably entered the streams from bank erosion a concave lower segment, with the steepness and length and landslides associated with the December 1964 flood. of each slope segment being controlled by the runoff rate At some of the stations the streambed elevations were and the initial gradient at the top of the slope. Thus altered in response to manmade as well as natural the shape of each slope profile is related to its climatic causes. The principal manmade causes were the addi­ and geologic environment. tion of sediment as a result of highway construction Meteorological influences on streams and on soil for­ along the streams and the removal of sediment for chan­ mation in Sierra Nevada nel improvement or for commercial sand and gravel Reconnaissance observations of the suspended-sedi­ supplies. ment load of streams above 4,000 feet in the west-cen­ The channel of a small stream tributary to San Fran- tral Sierra Nevada were made by R. J. Janda during cisquito Creek near Palo Alto, Calif., has undergone 1966 and 1967. These observations suggest that during rapid change because of alteration of the flow regimen periods of spring snowmelt, land use has relatively little after much of the headwater region was paved as the effect on the suspended-sediment concentration, and result of urbanization. Studies by C. R. Goodwin and most of the suspended load is derived from bank erosion J. R. Crippen indicate that steps in the channel profile, in meadow areas. In contrast, during summer thunder­ characterized by potholes and their headwalls, are storms and intense winter rainstorms of regional extent, rapidly receding upstream now that runoff from the paved areas has brought frequent and relatively high much sediment is derived from roads, trails, and flows into the channel. A head wall of about 6 feet in recently logged areas. height eroded about 5 feet upstream during the fall and A study by R. J. Janda and P. W. Birkeland of the early winter months of 1967-68. Aerial photographs clay mineralogy of soils formed on Pleistocene glpcial indicate that before the upstream urbanization, when deposits in the eastern Sierra Nevada suggests that soil the channel carried only moderate flows of short dura­ formation in middle and late Quaternary time took place tion immediately after bursts of heavy rainfall, no mostly under climatic conditions similar to the present. such rapid changes occurred. Arkosic till and outwash weathering in this Medfter- Overland flow on hillslopes ranean-type climate produces principally halloysite In an investigation of overland flow resulting from and illite with some vermiculite in humid areas (more artificial rainfall on natural hillslopes, W. W. Em- than 30 inches of annual precipitation), illite and kao- mett has found that the flow responds to the downslope linite with occasional halloysite in subhumid or semi arid increase in discharge by increasing its depth and ve­ areas, and illite and montmorillonite with minor kaolin- locity. Depth absorbs about two-thirds of the increase ite in arid (less than 5 inches of annual precipitation) in discharge; velocity absorbs about one-third. For areas. Montmorillonite is abundant only in soils that straight-slope segments investigated in the field, resist­ developed under semiarid to arid climatic conditions A122 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES from deposits containing much detritus from mafic Continuing studies in California by J. F. Poland and igneous rocks. his associates, discussed fully in the section "Geology Origin, of salt flats in Chile and Hydrology Applied to Engineering and the Public Welfare," concern compaction phenomena in areas of Field studies of 20 salars (salt flats) in the Atacama heavy ground-water withdrawals. Currently, special Desert and Andean Highlands of northern Chile sug­ attention is being given to the effects of cessation of, or gest that rock-salt crusts have originated in 2 ways: (1) reductions in, pumpage on compaction rates. by evaporation of Quaternary lakes, and (2) by evap­ In studies similar to the above, and using environ­ oration of ground water and soil moisture near the mental criteria and basin sedimentation <\1 features ground surface. As evidence substantiating the latter identified in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, P. M. Brown is process, several field observations by G. E. Stoertz and developing means of predicting gross permeability dis­ G. E. Ericksen showed the following: (1) similarity of tribution in sedimentary aquifers. By application of color between salt crusts and underlying clastic sedi­ modern stratigraphic .principles, and through geophysi­ ment, resulting from cementation of loose sediment by cal-log interpretation, J. N. Payne is compiling gross- fresh salt; (2) growth of new salt crusts over clastic permeability distribution maps of deltaic and near- sediment exposed in the sides of excavations; (3) dis­ shore marine aquifers of the Gulf coast. Payne's sand- solution of excavated salt blocks and gradual reincor- percentage and isopach maps of Claiborne Group poration into an underlying salt crust; and (4) growth (Eocene) rocks in Webb and Atascosa Counties, Tex., of a new and continuous salt crust over the tops of in­ show a maximum thickness of about 1,900 feet for the active dunes that formerly must have moved actively Queen City Sand (Eocene). Patterns of deposition sug­ across an older salt crust. Hollow cones and tubes of salt gest that the sediments composing the Queen City Sand similar to features originally termed "salt cups" have were brought in mainly by an ancestral Rio Grande been found on 4 widely separated salt flats, 3 in north­ system. A progressive increase in salinity of water in ern Chile and 1 in the United States. These features are: these sediments (continuing from the underlying Rek- (1) a crust of massive halite in the northwestern part of law Formation (Eocene)) from bottom to top suggests Salar de Pedernales, Atacama Province; (2) a central active flushing by fresh-water leakage from the under­ halite crust in the southeastern part of Salar de Ata­ lying Carrizo Sand (Eocene). The flushing action ap­ cama, Antofagasta Province; (3) the central part of pears to be greatest where the Reklaw and Queen City Salar de Pintados, Tarapaca Province; and (4) a halite Formations are mostly sand. crust west of Badwater in Death Valley, Calif. H. J. Hansen has described the Potomac Group (Cretaceous) strata of the Baltimore-Washington area GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY as the product of fluvial (stream) and paludal (marsh) sedimentation. He has related spatial variations in Present emphasis by the Geological Survey in ground- transmissibility to the environmental history of sedi­ water hydrology is on research on geologic and hydro- mentation of the area. Detailed hydrologic and geologic logic aspects of aquifer systems, on applications of mapping by G. C. Faulkner in the Ocala-Silver Springs modeling techniques to analysis of ground-water sys­ area of Florida has added to the understanding of the tems, on flow phenomena in the zone of aeration, ,and on systematic evolution of drainage and the distribution of hydrologic aspects of ground-water management subsurface solution channels in the Floridan limestone. through artificial recharge and other management and R. W. Maclay and coworkers have identified an area of conservation practices. major ground-water discharge along the eastern edge of the glacial Lake Agassiz plain in northwestern Min­ Ground-water-systems analysis nesota. Criteria used to map the flow features included Kesearch related to ground-water-systems .analysis measurement of increases in point potentials with in­ involves both the geologic and hydrologic aspects of creasing depth of wells, accumulations of .alkali salts on aquifer systems. This work is basic to model simula­ surface soils, and changes in chemical quality of the tion and analysis and to water-resources appraisal. R. R. ground water as it moves to the area of discharge. Bennett and J. D. Bredehoeft are investigating funda­ mental principles of regional hydrodynamics and per­ Broadening applications of simulation techniques to meability distribution in large aquifer systems. Hy­ ground-water systems draulic and physical parameters are used to produce Research on, and applications of, simulation model­ functional distribution of permeability in space, a con­ ing to ground-water systems continued, with ,a notable ceptual sedimentation model is being developed, and increase in the sophistication of hydrologic problems the two approaches are being evaluated and compared. being treated by these methods. Although primarily GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY A123 used as aids to understanding the hydrology of aquifer charge. W. F. Hardt and E. H. Cordes state that a systems, Geological Survey model studies are serving second model layer will be constructed for an area along increasingly as support for conservation and manage­ the ocean front in the critical zone for salt-water in­ ment decisions. trusion. Wafer-level changes predicted by analog model in Snake Movement of water in zone of vadose water River Plain, Idaho Theoretical and laboratory experiments by W. O. R. F. Norvitch and coworkers report that a recently Smith and other workers on the mechanics of infiltration devised electric-analog model of the Snake River Plain and downward movement of vadose water are resolving aquifer of Idaho can be expected to compute aquifer- questions about the relative importance of "film flow" wide water-level responses to ground-water withdraw­ and "bulk flow" phenomena in the zone of aeration. als or artificial recharge with satisfactory accuracy. Be­ Results of experiments, in accord with theory, indicate cause of complexities in the natural system, local devi­ that film flow occurs locally at meniscal boundaries, ations from model results are to be expected. The model but that actual transfer of water is by bulk flow in silt indicates that by cyclically adding 185,000 acre-ft of and coarser materials, after moisture deficits have been water per 3 consecutive months at 4 specific places on met. the Snake River Plain, and by making the additions Estimates of transmissivity and ground-water component twice a year, then skipping a year, and repeating this 5 times, water-level rises of up to 5 feet will occur in some of evapotranspiration parts of the aquifer. Other parts of the aquifer remain R. W. Stallman has made estimates of transmissivity unaffected by the additions. and net vertical flux across the water table in an alluvial valley by measuring water levels in arrays of five Prediction of hydrologic effects of water-management wells and then introducing the data into finite-difference plans by analog models approximations of the ground-water-flow equations. P. A. Emery states that the water-table segment of an Preliminary computations of transmissivity and the electric-analog model of the multiaquifer system of the contribution to evapotranspiration from the water table San Luis Valley, Colo., is being verified. The artesian compare well with estimates obtained by pumping tests system will be added to the model to help predict hydro- and hydrologic-budget studies. logic effects of a variety of water-management plans proposed for the valley. Geologic structural controls of ground-water base-flow discharge An analog model has been constructed of the Tucson Basin hydrologic system in Arizona to evaluate various Integrated studies of geology and ground-water flow ground-water management schemes there also. The are demonstrating the influence of subsurface structural model revealed that in the southern part of the Tucson features on patterns of ground-water movement and Basin, where water levels are at a relatively shallow discharge. In the North Fork River and Bryant Creek depth, about 25 percent of the irrigation water applied basins of Douglas and Ozark Counties, Mo., structure to the land returns to the ground-water reservoir; and, is the principal control of ground-water outflow, accord­ that about 50,000 acre-ft. of water per year that for­ ing to John Skelton and E. J. Harvey. Their studies merly was lost through evapotranspiration is now being of sinkhole development and alinemen't and w^ter- diverted to pumping wells. conducting faults in these basins explain significant dif­ ferences in outflow from the two basins. New knowledge of coastal aquifer system A different kind of influence of geologic structure from analog model on ground-water discharge has been identified by E. L. A preliminary analysis of an electric-analog model Oakes, S. J. Field, and L. P. Seegar in the Pine-Popple of the coastal plain of Orange County, Calif., suggests River basin of Florence and Forest Counties, TVis., considerable revision of earlier concepts of the acquifer where a buried ridge of Precambrian bedrock exerts system. Reevaluation of the data and new information influence on regional ground-water movement. Ground suggest greater recharge to the system than originally water flowing eastward through .glacial outwaFh is programmed, because irrigation return water is an im­ forced upward toward the surface along the west flank portant source of aquifer recharge; apparently it pene­ of a bedrock "high" with a north-south trend. The trates a relatively impermeable bed and reaches the surface effect is to increase the base-flow runoff of underlying artesian system. The time period of the streams on the west flank of the bedrock high. model has been extended back from 1954 to 1945 in Gravity and magnetic maps of the valleys of the order to establish a stable base of uniform water levels Gila River and San Simon Creek, between Globe, Ariz., only minimally affected by pumping or artificial re­ and Rodeo, N. Mex., a distance of approximately 130 A124 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES miles, display several buried geologic features that affect and below the withdrawal level. Inflections of the pro­ the occurrence and movement of ground water in the file were correlated with pronounced discontinuities in area. Largely on the basis of the gravity map, G. P. permeability. Eaton suggests that the area is divisible into four bed­ In the Sparta Sand (Eocene), at Fordyce in south- rock "basins", separated by well-defined bedrock sills. central Arkansas, a negative departure of rbout 0.8 °C San Simon Cienega, 14 miles north of Rodeo, overlies from the natural profile was measured near the bottom one of these sills and is an area where ground water in of an idle municipal well situated close to a pumping the lower aquifer of the valley is forced to the surface. well. In an extensive piezometric depression in a shal­ The deepest of the four basins appears to underlie San low part of the principal artesian aquifer (Tertiary Bernadino Valley, south of Rodeo. Structure of the limestones) at Brunswick, Ga., a positive departure of buried bedrock surface is complex in the vicinity of about 1.9°C was measured. In the intensively developed Bowie, Ariz., where a large magnetic and gravity high, "500-foot" sand (Claiborne Group, Tertiary) of Mem­ believed to reflect a buried bedrock ridge, separates two phis, Tenn., a positive departure of about 0.8°C was major gravity lows. The low on the west extends measured near the bottom of a municipal well, and a northwest to San Carlos Reservoir and the one on the negative departure of about 0.4° C near the top of the east extends south to Rodeo and San Bernardino Valley. well screen. This profile departed positively more than The axis of this latter low coincides with the axis of 1.2 °C through the overlying confining beds, suggesting maximum thickness of the blue clay aquiclude, which downward infiltration of warm water from, a shallow separates an upper from a lower aquifer. source. Effect of geologic structure on dissolved-solids content Corrosion of water-well casings of ground water in Gulf Coastal Plain Studies by H. L. Hey ward of corrosion and encrusta­ Occurrence of fresh ground water in deltaic and tion problems at U.S. Air Force stations in Alaska show clastic marine sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico that bicarbonate waters do not appear to corrode the basin is not generally a function of the Ghyben-Herz- mild steel of well casings and distribution systems as do berg relation. Below the fresh-water zone that is re­ similar waters in warmer climates. The different reac­ charged by meteoric water, isolated bodies of fresh tion rates are tentatively attributed to th^ unusually water commonly occur in deposits of marine origin at low temperature of ground water in Alaska. However, various depths to about 16,000 feet. P. H. Jones and ground water in shallow aquifers of Alaska is in places R. H. Wallace state that in these settings water salinity nearly saturated with dissolved oxygen, which increases appears to be related to sediment f acies, geologic struc­ the rate of corrosion. ture, hydrologic history, depth, and temperature of the Interaquifer movement of water within wel> deposits. Jones and Wallace believe a general freshen­ ing of ground water occurs with depth, beginning at H. E. Gill and L. D. Carswell report that the practice between 8,000 and 12,000 feet, and that mechanisms of screening several aquifers in a single borehole in the responsible probably include (1) reverse osmosis as Potomac-Raritan-Magothy (Cretaceous) artesian aqui­ "connate" water escapes through clay beds from ab­ fer system of eastern New Jersey is creating potential normally pressured aquifer systems that are compart­ chloride contamination problems due to internal circu­ mentalized stratigraphically or structurally, and (2) lation from one aquifer to another. Detailed geophysical progressive decrease in the salinity of water expelled and hydrologic tests were conducted in an industrial from clay as compaction proceeds with deepening burial. well field at Courses Landing, Salem County, N.J., to measure local changes in the salt- and fresh-water bal­ Thermal characteristics of aquifer systems ance in the aquifer system brought on by interaquifer Data on the nature of the distortion of the geother- flow through wells. Measurements with brine trace- mal field by ground-water flow near pumping wells were ejector equipment revealed substantial changes in di­ obtained by Robert Schneider in several States. Using rection and rate of internal flow under pumping and a thermistor probe accurate to about ±0.01°C, he nonpumping conditions. Under nonpumping conditions made profiles in cased observation wells near pumping the lowest aquifer has a lower hydraulic head than over­ wells. Generally, departures from the natural thermal lying aquifers, and water moves downward in wells to profile appear to result from induced upward flow of the lowest zone. Rates as high as 50 gpm have been warmer water (assumed positive departure) and down­ measured. However, during pumping, internal flow ward flow of cooler water (assumed negative depar­ may be reversed, which may allow saline water from ture) . Magnitude and direction of these departures de­ below the fresh-water aquifers to move up through the pend on the vertical permeability of the rocks above well bores to the shallower fresh aquifers. In one multi- SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY A125 screened well, upward movement of water containing investigations, at the request of the Bureau of Reclama­ 200 to 350 mg/1 of chloride was measured at a rate of tion, of the technological and hydraulic factors bar­ 25 gpm. ing on the feasibility of artificial recharge in the sonth- ern High Plains. C. V. Theis has analyzed the recharge Hydrology of crystalline rocks effects of leaky canal systems, in order to determine Investigations of the factors that control the yield of the spacing of canals. The Survey is studying the runoff wells drilled in crystalline rocks continued. In Mary­ into the playa lakes that dot the High Plains to evaluate land, topographic conditions in the vicinity of the well, them as sources of recharge water. thickness of shallow weathered rock, rock type, and A deep test hole to explore the possibility of storing joint distribution appear to be among the principal fresh surface water in deep coastal plain saline aqui­ controls. Eesistance logs run in wells indicate that fers at Norfolk, Va., is completed. The method of un­ water-bearing zones in crystalline rocks exhibit lower derground water storage in otherwise low-value aqui­ electrical resistivity than nonproducing zones, a feature fers may have far-reaching applications in many such useful in detecting productive zones. coastal areas where surface storage is difficult and ex­ Pumping tests in the Brunswick Shale (Triassic) in pensive. It is anticipated that the injected fresh water, Mercer County, N.J., by L. D. Carswell and John Vec- taken from surface resources at times of surplus, will chioli, utilizing 13 wells drilled for the purpose, show "push back" the saline water, and that a large per­ that the ground water occurs mainly in discrete zones, centage of the injected water will be recoverable or de­ not uniformly throughout the formation. However, mand. D. L. Brown reported that water samples col­ "confining" rocks are not totally impermeable; all 13 lected at depths of 850 to 2,500 feet indicate a chic ride wells were affected by ground-water pumpage during content ranging from 1,000 mg/1 in the shallowest zone the test, though some wells tapped materials not nor­ to 27,900 mg/1 in the deepest zone. A recharge test well mally considered to be water bearing. is to be drilled, and the initial test hole converted to an observation well as a part of the recharge experiment. Hydrologic aspects of artificial-recharge and waste- The chemical and hydrologic effects of low-pH licuid- disposal practices waste disposal in a deep limestone aquifer in the, vi­ Storage is the most practicable means of evening out cinity of Pensacola, Fla., are being determined. Waste variations in water availabilty from place to place and consisting mainly of nitric acid, ammonium salts, boric time to time. Surface storage sites are becoming scarcer, acid, and a variety of organic acids, nitrites, and ke- placing a premium on discovering where and how un­ tones, and adjusted to a pH of 5.5, has been injected at derground space can be utilized for water-storage pur­ a rate of 2 mgd for the past 5 years into a limestone poses. The effort to exclude pollutants from streams aquifer at depths of 1,370 to 1,730 feet below sea hvel. has stimulated a corollary interest in underground dis­ Chemical effects were detected in a monitor well ir the posal of liquid wastes, raising questions of where and aquifer 1,300 feet from the injection wells about 8 how underground disposal can be practiced most eco­ months after injection began. Decomposition of organic nomically and with least harm to the environment. compounds and nitrate reduction are evidenced by evo­ Growing interest in opportunities for artificial re­ lution of methane and nitrogen gases when water taken plenishment of aquifers and their utilization for waste from the monitor well is exposed to atmospheric pres­ storage is reflected in the current research and applied sure. A clay aquiclude 220 feet thick overlies the aqui­ studies of the Geological Survey on hydraulics and fer. Although injection pressures are about 220 psig physics of the infiltration processes in both the unsatu- and the pressure influence probably extends laterally for rated and saturated zones, and on biologic and geo- 15 to 20 miles, no pressure increase or contamination chemical factors of concern to recharge and disposal from the waste has been detected above the clay aqui­ operations. clude. Similar tests using liquid industrial waste with a One region where artificial recharge, if feasible, is pH of 3.5 are planned. most urgently needed is the High Plains of Texas and New Mexico, especially the southern High Plains, which is the most heavily developed section. The ground water SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY is being "mined" in the sense that practically all the approximately 7 million acre-ft per yr being pumped Research on the occurrence and movement of surface is coming out of storage, and it is only a question of time water includes the mechanics of the flow process in until remaining storage will be impractical to develop stream channels, the simulation of the variation of flow at adequate rates and reasonable pumping costs. In in time, flood-frequency analysis, and the generaliza­ recognition of this, the Geological Survey is conducting tion of streamflow data by correlation of flow charac- A126 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES teristics with physical and climatic parameters of California streams defined the Manning roughness co­ drainage basins. The ultimate objective of this research efficient, n, for a wide range of discharges and depths. is to provide methodology for the measurement of flow, The values of n were correlated with R1/6/d, in which R the prediction of time of travel and dispersal rate of is the hydraulic radius and d is the particle size cor­ solids and solutes in streams, and the development of responding to 84 percent on the particle-size distribu­ deterministic and statistical models of the variation of tion curve. The standard error of the correlation was streamflow in time and space under both natural and about 16 percent. manmade conditions. Analysis of stream-temperature changes Mechanics of turbulence M. R. Collings found that stream-temperature data Measurements by E. V. Richardson and R. S. Mc- may be fitted by the least-squares method by use of a Quivey (r0738) of the turbulent characteristics of flow Fourier (harmonic) series. The first hamonic was over hydraulically rough and hydraulically smooth found to define more than 85 .percent of the variance for open-channel flow verified the Navier-Stokes equation each of the years analyzed. Mean monthly tempera­ in longitudinal direction. The flow Reynolds number tures from the first harmonic curves were compared to ranged from 8,000 to 20,000 and mean velocity ranged the mean monthly temperatures from tHrmograph from 0.3 to 2.8 fps. The relative turbulent intensities records at the same site. A regression analysis of 48 for flow over the smooth boundary were in agreement pairs of the synthetic and actual temperature data re­ with Laufer's measurements. Power-spectrum analysis vealed that the slope of the regression was not signifi­ of the turbulence showed that most of the energy was cantly different from 1, and that the intercept was not associated with low frequencies. significantly different from 0, at the 95-percent level. Experiments were conducted in an artificially rough­ The standard error of estimate of the relation was ened 10-inch conduit by H. J. Tracy, using %-inch cubes equally spaced in the conduit periphery as roughness Mapping flood plains elements. Various density patterns were tested. Measure­ ments of the mean- and turbulent-velocity distribution Flood-plain management is becoming an important indicate that these velocities are affected by proximity to tool in the prevention of flood damage. Identification of a roughness element, but that, in general, these effects the flood plains is thus important to cities engaged in are confined to a region fairly close to the boundary. planning the optimum use of land subject to inundation. As contrasted with smooth-boundary conditions, tur­ Pilot projects were conducted in 17 States in 1968 to test several methods of quickly identifying areas sub­ bulent-energy scales are not greatly affected by the addition of roughness elements; the Reynolds number ject to flooding. These areas were outlined on topo­ is of greater importance in the range of Reynolds num­ graphic maps by any one of four methods: (1) aerial bers tested (40,000-750,000). photographs of floods, (2) information on flood stages or flood profiles, (3) regional stage-frequency relations, Dispersion in open-channel flow or (4) stereoscopic inspection of aerial photographs. The theory developed by H. B. Fischer (r2165) for Flood-plain mapping was completed for about 400 predicting longitudinal-dispersion coefficients was fur­ quadrangles. These ,pilot projects demonstrated that any ther verified using data from a series of field tests. The of the four methods is feasible, and that flood plains predicted and measured dispersion coefficients agreed can be identified at a nominal cost. with an error of less than 30 percent in 5 of the 10 tests, Aerial photographs taken during or immediately and within a factor of 4 even in a very nonuniform .after a flood provide the best information on the extent stream. of inundation. Photographs were obtained for about Nobuhiro Yotsukura utilized Fischer's theory in an­ 200 miles of stream channels in the vicinit;^ of Boston, alyzing data collected on the Missouri River in 1966 and Mass., 2 days after the crest of a major flood in April 1967. The longitudinal-dispersion coefficients ranged 1968. The limits of inundation were sharply identified from 6,000 to 11,000 sq ft per sec. These are by far the on black-and-white photographs that were taken at an largest values ever reported for a nontidal stream. elevation of about 3,000 feet. Hydraulic roughness of stream channels Streamflow generalization The results of a study by J. T. Limerinos suggest Four pilot projects on streamflow generalization have that the bed-material particle size can be used to deter­ been completed in the Potomac River basin and in parts mine the hydraulic roughness of stream channels that of California, Kansas, and Louisiana. The projects ex­ are relatively free of extraneous roughness such as bank plored the feasibility of defining streamflow 'as a func­ irregularities or vegetal growth. Experiments on 11 tion of topographic and climatic character sties of the SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY A127 river basin. The objectives were to (1) find out how storm runoff from small drainage basins by utilizing much general information on streamflow could be pro­ recorded rainfall and evaporation data. Results of tests vided by use of streamflow data already collected, in on a 6-sq-mi drainage basin in North Carolina indicate conjunction with other associated hydrologic data, (2) an approximate tenfold range in the soil-moisture ten­ find general streamflow relations applicable to ungaged sion parameter necessary to fit the range of recorded as well as gaged sites, and (3) apply the findings of flood peak discharges experienced in a 30-year record. these studies toward altering or improving the present A major problem in the synthesis of flood hydro- data-collection system. graphs from precipitation records is to interpolate The streamflow characteristics investigated were among several long precipitation records to define the those most commonly used in hydraulic design or in precipitation characteristics at an intermediate site. E. hydrologic planning. They included the means and D. Cobb has accomplished this by synthesizing flood- other statistics of annual and monthly flows, percentage frequency curves from each of several long-term precip­ points on the daily duration curve, low and high flow itation records, using an at-site runoff-rainfall model. volumes for varying durations, and flood peaks. Many The variation in the synthesized frequency curves was physical and climatic basin characteristics were cor­ found to be related to the median rainfall of 3-hour du­ related with the streamflow characteristics by means of ration and to the mean annual rainfall. These varial^es, multiple-regression techniques. Results show that the defined from U.S. Weather Bureau publications for a median range of flow can be defined with acceptable ac­ particular site, are then used to define flood peaks for curacy, high flows with lesser accuracy, and low flows specific recurrence intervals at that site. with very little accuracy. The present trend of data col­ Streamflow characteristics such as the mean or vari­ lection is in part a shifting of effort from complete rec­ ance are used in models for generating synthetic flows. ord collection to collection of partial records at the ex­ At a given site a choice must be made between a stat; sti- tremes of flow, increased emphasis on data collection cal characteristic of the observed flows, y^ and a region­ for extreme affecting factors (smaller drainage areas, alized estimate of the flow characteristic, y}. The region­ higher elevations, and so forth), and increased research alized estimate is obtained from a regression of y on a on effective factors under low-flow conditions. set of basin characteristics. N". C. Matalas showed that if y>/F;-<2 p, then y} instead of y} is used in the gen­ Mean sfreamflow from discharge measurements erating model, where yt and Vj are the variances of y^ Mean flow of a stream is usually computed from a and yj, respectively, and p is a measure of the inter- continuous record of flow at a gaging station. H. C. station correlation. Riggs proposed a less costly method consisting of (1) estimating 12 individual monthly flows from 1 discharge Flood-frequency analysis measurement per month and a concurrent gaging-sta- A recent directive from the Water Resources Council tion record on a nearby stream, using (a different rela­ recommended uniform methods of flood-frequency anal­ tion for each month, (2) computing the annual mean ysis among government agencies. It proposed that a from the estimated monthly means, and (3) using a re­ base method be applied the log-Pearson Type-III lation based on gaging-station records to estimate the distribution. Studies are now underway to investigate long-term mean from the 1 annual mean. An annual the effect of use of the log-Pearson method in regional mean can be estimated within about 10 percent of its flood-frequency analyses; this is being done in ] Tew measured value even though both the gaged and un­ England and in Iowa, and results will be compared T^ith gaged streams are affected by diversions and have dif­ those already obtained by methods in use previously. ferent runoff characteristics. The method has greatest Research is being carried on toward solving some of utility in the western United States where mean runoff the existing problems in applying a statistical distribu­ is not closely related to drainage area. tion to a set of flood data. One of the problems is a list of annual flood peaks that contains some zero items. Streamflow simulation This happens frequently in small streams in arid and A physical model of infiltration described by J. R. semiarid regions. No standard statistical distribution Philip has been adapted by R. W. Lichty to the prob­ can provide a satisfactory fit to such a set of data. The lem of determining excess precipitation from recorded addition of a small constant to all items in the set, some­ rainfall data. The infiltration equation contains three times done to allow computation of a logarithm for the physically significant parameters relating to hydraulic zero item, does not result in a good fit. conductivity, soil-moisture tension, and soil-moisture A method that uses a combination of probabilities has content. The infiltration scheme is a major component been investigated by M. E. Jennings. The relation is of an overall mathematical model aimed at predicting expressed by P(XT)=P(X] P(Y/X), a standard- A128 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES probability relation, in which P(XY) is the probability Floodflow from small drainage basins in Illinois of occurrence in any year of an annual peak exceeding a W. D. Mitchell and D. W. Ellis have made a pre­ specified magnitude, P(X) is the probability of a peak liminary analysis of flood data from 93 drainage basins flow other than 0, and P(Y/X) is the conditional prob­ ranging in size from 0.02 to 10.0 sq. mi. for the purpose ability of a peak exceeding the specified magnitude, giv­ of defining flood-frequency relations for small drainage en that a peak other than 0 has occurred. The probabil­ basins. Multiple-regression techniques were used with ity P(X) is determined simply as the ratio of nonzero an electronic computer to correlate floods of selected peaks to the total number, and the probability of recurrence intervals with the following independent P(Y/X) is computed by applying the log-Pearson variables: Size of drainage basin, length of main chan­ Type III distribution to the set of nonzero peaks. nel, perimeter of watershed, and slope of main channel. The method was applied to 10 sets of actual flood rec­ The size of the drainage basin and slope of the main ords with a substantial number of zero peaks (as many channel were found to be the dominant independent as 40 percent) and resulted in a good fit in all cases. variables. The analysis further indicated th^.t the mean The same method was applied in a situation where a annual flood can be used as an index to which floods of crest-stage gage records only stages above some lower other recurrence intervals can be related in terms of limit; the peak discharges for annual peaks below this dimensionless ratios. stage are unknown, and not necessarily 0. The method appears to work equally well by separation of the two Probability analysis of allowable yield kinds of peaks at the lower discharge limit, rather than By combining probability distributions of seasonal atO. and annual streamflow, C. H. Hardison 64 found that Conventional methods of regional analysis of floods the drought of the 1960's in the Delaware River basin are not well adapted to use with short records (10 years had a recurrence interval of about 400 years, as com­ or so), because such records do not permit reliable defi­ pared with about 12 years for the draught of the 1930's nition of frequency characteristics. G. L. Haynes, Jr.,63 if the computation of allowable yield is for present has developed procedures for defining the regional char­ reservoirs. Additional reservoir capacity would increase acteristics of flood peaks from short records, using a con­ the number of years in the critical period of drawdown cept proposed by H. C. Riggs. The procedure does not and possibly give a different frequency for these require the preparation of individual frequency curves droughts. By combining probability distributions of and will produce estimates of floods of recurrence in­ tervals up to about 50 years from 10-year records if seasonal and over-year (carryover from year to year) many 10-year essentially independent records are avail­ storage requirements, he developed a family of curves able. The method is being refined and further tested to show how allowable rates of diversion rnd low-flow empirically. augmentation in the basin are affected by the choice of frequency used in the design. Geomorphic and botanical evidence for 400-year flood Seasonal low-flow forecasting Twice in the past 13 years, 1955 and 1964, record- breaking floods have occurred over large areas of north­ H. C. Riggs and R. L. Hanson used basvflow reces­ ern California. The "true" long-term recurrence inter­ sion curves, water content of snow, monthly mean run­ val of these destructive floods is difficult to estimate by off, and recent precipitation as indices for forecasting, conventional flood-frequency analysis because predic­ several months in advance, seasonal low flow? for periods tion of a given flood discharge is based on historical of 1 or 2 months' duration. Best results are obtained in records of flood peaks. To overcome this difficulty E. J. regions having little precipitation during the forecast Helley and V. C. LaMarche (Univ. of Ariz.) used geo- period. Where precipitation is appreciable during the morphic and botanical evidence to date a prehistoric ^forecast period, its effect can be appraisec1 on a prob­ flood on Blue Creek, a tributary to the Klamath River ability basis and an amount added to the b<\se forecast. in northern California. Radiocarbon analysis supple­ Relations used for forecasting late-summer assured mented by ring counts established a 400-year-old date flows, late-summer mean flows, winter mean flows, and for a flood event that had approximately the same order annual low flows were tested. Forecast reliability ranges of magnitude as that of the devastating flood of Decem­ from excellent to fair, depending on the hydrology of ber 1964. Thus, the record-setting flood of December the basin. 1964 had occurred once before in the last 400 years. 64 C. H. Hardison, 1968, Probability analysis of allowable yield of New 63 G. Li. Haynes, Jr., 1967, Regional flood-frequency analysts using a York City reservoirs in the Delaware River basin: U.S. Geol. Survey probability distribution : Univ. of Denver, thesis. release to Delaware River Basin Commission, 28 p., illus., tables. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS_{U.|iXlV A. JS**l*XfcJXX\XKJ WJ.OF WATERTT J*J. Jiiil. A129J.JI JLArft/

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL (>500 /anhos) reflected larger percentage contributions by Na+1 and CH ions and correspondingly smaller con­ CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER tributions by Ca+2 and SO4~2 ions. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIC SUBSTANCES INORGANIC SUBSTANCES Nature of colored organic material in water Water-quality changes in the hydrologic cycle An evaluation of organic color by W. L. Lamar (p. D24-D29) showed similarities in the complex color The change in chemical composition of water as rain­ macromolecules extracted with n-butanol from stream fall becomes ground-water recharge in the northeast waters that were subjected to pronounced difference? in part of the Tucson basin of Arizona is being studied by climatic conditions. In this study and in a previous R. L. Laney. Four stages can be observed first, the rain­ investigation,65 the infrared spectra of the principal fall itself, a very dilute solution containing mostly part of the organic matter were practically identical. calcium, sulfate and bicarbonate ions; second, the run­ The spectra were independent of the organic color off from granitic bedrock of the mountains, which is intensity, pH, and mineral content of the waters, as well characterized by sodium, sulfate, and bicarbonate; third, as the geographical location and climatic conditions. The the runoff in Rillito Creek and its tributaries where a observations indicate that the predominant part of the major part of the recharge occurs and the water contains organic matter in naturally colored surface waters con­ principally calcium and bicarbonate; and, fourth, the sists primarily of complex polymeric hydroxy car- ground-water body in the alluvial deposits of the adja­ boxylic acids. Also, evidence of aromatic unsaturation cent part of the Tucson basin. The ground water con­ was found. tains principally calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate. Its Examination of a large number of chemical analyses composition does not change significantly as it moves of highly colored surface waters shows that the organic toward the basin outlet. matter retained varying amounts of iron (up to about Consistent water-quality pattern in a small stream 2 mg/1) in apparent solution. Results of a prelimirary T. D. Steele described quantitatively the seasonal study of the relationship between iron and organic color variation in chemical quality of the major ionic constit­ suggests that under natural conditions iron, probably uents of surface water in the Pescadero Creek water­ as ferric hydroxide or oxide, forms colloidal sols T^ith shed, a 46-sq-mi coastal basin in California, for the 1967 the organic matter. Retention of the organic matter and water year. Despite the complex geology of the water­ iron by filters of various porosities signifies that these shed, the chemical-quality data showed surprisingly sols vary considerably in particle size. A source of iron unrelated to the organic matter appears to be generally consistent relations with level of discharge and with evident. specific conductance. R. L. Wershaw, P. J. Burcar, C. L. Sutula, and B. J. Simple regression equations of the form G=k/Qn Wiginton (r2162) have determined the size of "humic were developed by graphical or analytical methods, acid" particles in water using small-angle X-ray scat­ where G is solute concentration, Q is total stream dis­ tering. They have measured the sizes, shapes, and charge, and n and k are regression parameters. When molecular weights of different size fractions and deter­ solute concentrations were plotted against total stream mined, for the first time, the size of humic acid particles discharge, trends were consistently linear throughout in water solutions. This technique has value for identi­ the range of discharges for Na+1, K+1, and Cl"1 concentra­ fication of the colored material of natural water and tions, but a characteristic break in trends from low to may help in classifying and defining humic acids on a high discharges was clearly discernible for Ca+2, Mg+2, worldwide basis. HCCV1, SO4~2, and calculated dissolved-solids concen­ Fate of pesticides in natural water trations. The fate of pesticides in natural-water systeirs is A linear regression equation, 6"=a+&-£78C, proved to determined to a large extent by the interaction of these be the best form to relate solute concentration, tf, of compounds with the solid and dissolved components of individual constituents to specific conductance, G8C, the systems. R. L. Wershaw, P. J. Burcar, D. J. Pinck- where a and b are regression parameters. Relative pro­ ney, and S. J. Heller (r2l73) have shown by studying portions of solute concentrations contributing to the the interaction of pesticides with humic acid, the most specific conductance changed rather abruptly from low* 65 W. L. Lamar and D. F. Goerlitz, 1966, Organic acids in naturally colored surface waters: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1817-A, to high-discharge levels. Higher specific conductances 17 p. A130 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

common plentiful natural organic material, that the be­ RELATION BETWEEN SURFACE WATER AND havior of pesticides in natural-water systems is pro­ GROUND WATER foundly affected by the presence of organic materials in these systems. Their work has demonstrated that (1) Theory of ground-water outflow extended to include the soluble sodium salt of humic acid, which is probably unsaturated zone present in most basic soils, is a surfactant and because of The effect of water transfer within the unsaturated this increases the solubility of DDT in water at least zone upon transient flow from a water-table aquifer 40 times, and (2) humic acid, which is insoluble under into a river has been studied theoretically by Jacob acid conditions, strongly sorbs soluble herbicides. This Rubin and C. D. Ripple. Utilization of a digital com­ sorption of herbicides by humic acid is most likely the puter and of highly efficient numerical methods made it reason for the often observed greatly reduced phyto- possible to (1) rely solely upon the Darcian approach, toxicity of most herbicides in organic soils. (2) treat in a unified manner the saturated and the un­ M. C. Goldberg and D. J. Pinckney determined the saturated zones, and (3) eliminate the need for simpli­ extent of sorption of the fungicide dodecylguanidine fying assumptions that in the past characterized acetate on quartz, kaolinite, and a soil containing 2 per­ investigations of this problem. The present results in­ cent organic matter. In comparing the relative abilities dicate that for some time after the commencement of of all three materials to remove dodecylguanidine ace­ drainage into the river, the water-outflov rates are tate from aqueous solution, experiments show that the increased and the water-table decline rates are decreased soil organic material has a greater capacity for sorption by the slow seepage from the unsaturated to the satu­ than does pure quartz and has a sorptive capacity about rated zone, even in the absence of surface recharge. equal to that of kaolinite. Effect of pumping wells on flow of streams Behavior of pesticides in distilled water The effect of a pumping well on the flow of a nearby Examination of some characteristic hydrolysis reac­ stream can be calculated readily by using dimension- tions that take place in pure-water systems was carried less curves or tables, according to a report by C. T. Jen- out by M. C. Goldberg and Harry Babad. It was found kins (r!042). The report, which summarizes and simpli­ that pesticides containing phosphorus(V) are not as fies the results of work by previous investigators, was readily hydrolyzed in solutions of distilled water as had made as part of a hydrologic investigation of the Arkan­ previously been believed. O-O-dimethyl S-a-mercapto- sas River valley between Pueblo, Colo., and the Kansas- ^-methylacetamido dithiophosphate, O-ethyl-S-phenyl- Colorado State line. Techniques are described for ethylphosphono-dithioate, and the S-ester of O-O- computing rate and volume of stream depletion during dimethyl phosphorodithioate with diethyl a-mercapto- any pumping period and the residual effect after cessa­ succinate (Malathion) were subjected to total influx tion of pumping. An analog model can be used with the at 75° C for periods up to 240 hours in 2-phase solutions, techniques to improve the computed results. A model ranging from O.OIA" HC1 to O.OIA" NaOH in the aqueous for the Arkansas River valley was stressed r,t 266 points phase. Within the limits of detection used in these to determine the integrated effect on stream depletion of analyses about 3.5 percent there was detectable re­ irregular impermeable boundaries, stream meanders, covery of hydrolysis products. areal variations in aquifer properties, and distance from the stream. These points were the bs\sis for con­ PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS structing a map showing lines where the effect on the Monitoring specific conductance and temperature stream is equal. Thus by applying the techniques using the map values, the computed values of str°.amflow de­ J. H. Ficken reported that a continuous record of pletion are more realistic than those computed using the specific conductance and temperature has been collected highly restrictive assumptions of uniform water-bear­ for the 1967 water year on the Big Blue River at ing properties and idealized boundaries. Barneston, Nebr. A model SM-800 strip-chart in-situ monitor was used to collect the data. Inspection of the Mine drainage related to water levels analog traces shows that the daily mean values of tem­ Rating curves of ground-water stage ar-i mine dis­ perature and conductance could have been adequately charge have been developed by H. E. Kc°,ster in the represented for about 95 percent of the days from single Black Creek watershed near Mocanaqua, Pa. Fluctua­ determinations made at noon of each day. The values of tions in ground- and mine-water stages range from large conductance varied inversely with stream, discharge in the upper reaches of the basin and in adjoining from a low of about 50 jumhos at flood flow to about 700 basins to minor near the mine-drainage outlet. For the /xmhos at base flow. flooded portion of the mine, the rating is linear. For RELATION BETWEEN SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER A131 wells farthest from the mine discharge, the rating is Base flow related to aquifers parabolic, indicating a normal lag. In areas of under­ The relation between aquifers and base flow is being ground mining, fractures and mine openings permit the examined in the field as a part of river-basin studies. first, spring rain to produce a direct and rapid response According to H. L. Young and S. M. Hindall, low- in mine discharge. For this condition, discharge is flow measurements in the Chippewa River basin of greater than that given by the rating; however, after Wisconsin show variations directly related to the geol­ about 1 week, conditions stabilize throughout the basin ogy. In the upper part of the basin, where glacial de­ and the rating curve is valid until the following spring. posits overlie Precambrian basement rocks, rates of Geology related to infiltration supply ground-water runoff decrease from 0.6 cfs per sq mi in According to S. E. Norris, a study of infiltration con­ areas of outwash and end moraine to less than 0.2 cfs ditions in the alluvium-filled Mad River valley of west­ per sq mi in areas of ground moraine. In the lower part ern Ohio in the vicinity of the Springfield municipal of the basin, where the Cambrian sandstone outcrops, well field shows that bedrock highs beneath the stream, outflow rates are between 0.2 and 0.6 cfs per sq. mi. which result in local thinning of the aquifer, effectively In the Wild Rice and Sandhill River basins of north­ limit the reach of the stream through which induced western Minnesota, as reported by L. E. Bidwell, T. C. infiltration can occur. The 10 Springfield municipal Winter, and R. W. Maclay, two general areas of sub­ wells are spaced 300 feet apart along the east bank of stantial ground-water outflow have been defined. Gains in streamflow of 1 cfs per mile of channel were meas­ the Mad River. The sand and gravel aquifer is about ured in areas of glacial-outwash sand and gravel and in 100 feet thick in the vicinity of the wells, but thins the beach-ridge area at the eastern edge of the gkcial to approximately 20 feet at points 7,000 feet upstream Lake Agassiz plain. Little or no gain was measured and 4,000 feet downstream from the wells. Measure­ in other areas of glacial drift. ments of ground-water levels made in drive-point wells In Indiana, L. W. Cable, J. F. Daniel, C. H. Tate, installed in the bed of the stream showed in June 1967 and R. J Wolf have made hydrograph separations for that the water table was virtually at stream level at the 11 gaging stations in the upper White River basin. In points where the aquifer was thin and as much as 7 feet areas where clay and silt predominate, the average base beneath the streambed near the center wells. The water flow is 0.3 to 0.4 cfs per sq. mi. Where thick and extensive table progressively declined near the center wells, to bodies of highly permeable sand and gravel are in con­ approximately 14 feet beneath the streambed in Decem­ tact with streams, the average base flow is 0.8 cfs per ber. However, in profile, the water table appeared sq. mi. In areas where the sand and gravel bodies are hinged at the thin points where it remained essentially small or not in direct contact with the stream, the at stream level. It is evident that in any plan for drill­ average base flow is 0.4 to 0.6 cfs per sq. mi. ing additional wells at Springfield, the physical rela­ Observations of base flow in the Big Black River tionship between the river and the underlying bedrock basin, west-central Mississippi, enabled F. H. Thomson topography should be of prime consideration. and C. P. Humphreys, Jr., to determine general rela­ tions between the geologic terrace and dry-weather Electric analog for poor connection between aquifer streamflow. In areas where clayey units crop out, and stream streams cease flowing in dry season; in areas where In electric-analog modeling, a stream is usually sandy units crop out, streams are perennial. treated as fully penetrating and as freely connected to The configuration of the water-table surface in the the aquifer. These conditions seldom exist. As part of Quaternary alluvium of the Mississippi River alluvial studies of the Arkansas River valley, J. E. Reed has plain in northwestern Mississippi shows that although developed an analog procedure for modeling head the movement of ground water in general is southward, losses due to partial penetration of the stream and due the movement is modified toward the Sunflower River, to fine-grained material between the aquifer and the an influent stream whose drainage system lies wholly stream. In southeast Florida it was found that some of within the alluvial plain. The water table ranges from the canals in the regional water-management system near land surface to about 15 feet below land surface, could not be modeled with sufficient accuracy by simple whereas the river channel is 15 to 25 feet below the methods. C. A. Appel reports that the analog model alluvial plain. E. H. Boswell has determined from hy- has been refined to produce a closer representation of drographs and associated data that the sustained base the interflow relationships between the canals and the flow of the river, which at Sunflower, Miss., is about aquifers. 100 cfs during dry periods, is from ground water dis- A132 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES charged into the main channel. Tributary streams are and can be beneficially used. Current research projects mostly intermittent. have yielded results regarding (1) the manner by which D. R. Albin reports that record precipitation in 1967 moisture is retained in soils, (2) a means of monitoring resulted in an increase of 290,000 acre-ft of ground- changes in soil moisture in situ, (3) depths to which water storage in the valley-fill deposits of the South moisture penetrates sand dunes and is depleted by Platte River between Henderson and Julesburg, Colo. evapotranspiration, and (4) the influence on streamflow Return flow to this reach of the river increased from of the degree to which soils have been wetted. 518 to Y92 cf s. Mechanism of moisture retention in soil anH clay Relation between lake and ground-water levels Evidence compiled by R. F. Miller and I. S. McQueen A study of the water levels in natural river-cutoff from soil-moisture and moisture-stress profiles sampled lakes along the Red River and their relation to ground- under natural conditions on rangelands indicates that water levels is being made by A. H. Ludwig 'as part of a at stress levels greater than 0.21 bars, moisture is re­ water-resources appraisal of southwest Arkansas. tained primarily as a film on soil particles. The evidence Measurements of lake and ground-water levels in the also indicates that moisture held on the internal sur­ fall and winter of 196Y show that the ground-water faces of clays is not evacuated until stresses greater than level is 3 to 4.5 feet below the lake level. During this 140 bars are achieved. time, the lake level rose about 2 feet, while the ground; Soil moisture related to thermal conductivi water level declined about 0.5 foot. Silt, clay, and or­ C. R. Daum has been monitoring changes in soil- ganic material deposited in the lake are probably moisture content in situ. Thermal conductivity through largely responsible for inhibiting free movement of soil is sensitive to changes in the moisture content of water between the lake and the aquifer. soils, and preliminary tests show a direct relationship Infiltration into alluvial channels between measured thermal conductivity and the mois­ A new technique has been developed by D. E. Burk- ture content of soil. Freezing of the soil has such a radi­ ham for estimating long-term average infiltration into cal effect on thermal conductivity that the effect can be normally dry alluvial channels. The essentials needed used as an indication of periods during which the soil for application of the method are (1) an average rela-. is frozen. All the temperature relationships have not tion between rates of streamflow and infiltration, and been fully defined. (2) flow-duration curves. The end product is an infil­ Relationship between soil moisture and vegetation tration-duration curve from which the long-term aver­ Differences in moisture content under vegetation- age infiltration can be computed. The average relation covered and barren sites in the sand-dune area of west­ between rates of streamflow and infiltration for the ern Kansas were measured by R. C. Prill (p. D1-D9). main arroyos in the Tucson basin in Arizona is Neutron-moisture logs showed the manner of moisture infiltration rate=6'X (streamflow) ° 8 buildup and depletion under three conditions: (1) barren areas, (2) grass areas, and (3) sagebrush and in which C is constant for given length of channel. grass. Data from barren areas show that most of the In the metropolitan Tucson area the normally dry moisture buildup below the zone of high evaporation main arroyos are very efficient natural infiltration gal­ (upper 1 foot) percolates to depth. Data from sites leries. Of 66,000 acre-ft of water per year that enters covered by grass and by both sagebrush and grass indi­ the main arroyos, Yl percent infiltrates into the alluvial cate that moisture depletion by evapotransniration ex­ channels. The average infiltration rate is 354 acre-ft tends to depths of 11 feet and 20 feet, respectively. per mi per yr. Of the surface water that originates out­ Before moisture can percolate to depth after dry periods, side the metropolitan area in the main arroyos, 80 per­ the minimum moisture buildup required ma^ be as much cent infiltrates into the alluvium. Of the total surface as 8 inches under grass-covered areas, and as much as outflow from the metropolitan Tucson area, 66 percent 14 inches under sites covered by both sagebrush and is generated within the relatively small basins along grass. Precipitation in southwest Kansas is highest dur­ the main arroyos of the metropolitan area. ing the summer months, but this period is n^t favorable for recharge because of the high potential use by SOIL MOISTURE evapotranspiration. Recharge usually occurs when precipitation in the nongrowing season and the early Much of the water that precipitates onto land surfaces part of the growing season is considerably above aver­ becomes soil moisture. It is essential to learn more of age. A review of long-term precipitation records indi­ how water enters the soil, moves through it, is retained, cates that only during a few periods have conditions EVAPOTRANSPIRATION A133 been favorable for recharge in areas covered with either normally high. Consequently, a modification of this pan, grass or sagebrush and grass. which is insulated from the soil with 3 inches of p'Vly- urethane, is being tested. Soil-moisture storage in flood-plain sediments Evaporation at Warm Springs Reservoir in south­ The relationship between the moisture content of eastern Oregon is apparently much greater than that in­ sediments and the volume of streamflow was investi­ dicated by a land pan near the reservoir. Results of a gated near Winnemucca, in north-central Nevada, by water budget-mass transfer study by D. D. Harris in­ A. O. Waananen. The amount of moisture retained by dicate a mass-transfer coefficient for the reservoir that sediments along the river increased during the period is 2 to 3 times greater than expected in comparison with from 1962 to 1965, when it reached a maximum; but reservoirs of similar size in other parts of the United during 1966, a dry year, the moisture was depleted to a States. volume comparable with the low measured in 1961, following a 3-year drought period. Evaporation reduction by artificial destratificatior of This depletion of soil moisture and ground water reservoirs from the sediments along the river during 1966 may Two destratification experiments near San Diego, have resulted in a larger sustained summer flow in the Calif., have shown that annual evaporation from Lake Humboldt River than would have been produced by the Wohlford and El Capitan Reservoirs can be reduced annual precipitation and runoff alone. In contrast, an about 5 percent. Reductions in evaporation by artif oial increase in soil-moisture storage in 1967 resulted in a destratification of a reservoir are primarily a function correspondingly smaller flow in the Humboldt River. of the change in the advected energy term of the ene^gy- Data on changes in the water content of flood-plain sedi­ budget equation for determining evaporation. An analy­ ments thus may be significant in water-budget studies. sis of the energy budget by G. E. Koberg indicates that there is no change in the solar and atmospheric radi­ ation received or energy brought in by inflow when EVAPOJRANSPIRAJION artificial destratification techniques are applied. All the losses of energy from the reservoir (1) energy utilized Natural evapotranspiration is the source of an average by evaporation, (2) radiation emitted by the water, (3) of three-fourths of the precipitation that falls on the conduction of energy from the reservoir as sensible 1 Q-at, conterminous United States and accounts for from less and (4) energy taken out by outflow are affected by than one-third in humid areas to nearly all that falls in destratification. Evaporation, radiation emitted by the extremely arid regions. The quantity of evapotranspira­ water surface, and conduction are all functions of the tion is controlled by the availability of water and heat temperature of the water surface; and any reduction and by the means of carrying the vaporized water into in the temperature reduces these losses. Therefore, to the atmosphere. Quantitative measurements of when compensate for a decrease in energy utilized for evap­ and where evapotranspiration occurs are necessary to oration, the only possible loss that can increase is the develop and manage water resources. Included in U.S. energy taken out by outflow, and approximately half Geological Survey investigations are studies of (1) this energy is used to compensate for the reduction in evaporation from reservoirs, (2) evapotranspiration evaporation. (See also discussion of stability in F, de- from land surfaces, and (3) evapotranspiration by stratification experiment in section "Limnology.") phreatophytes. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM LAND SURFACES EVAPORATION FROM RESERVOIRS Change in evapotranspiration resulting from vegetr'ion Relation between reservoir and pan evaporation modification The relation between reservoir and pan evaporation T. E. A. van Hylckama reports that in the spring was investigated at two locations. At Vail Reservoir in of 1966 and again in 1967 the saltcedar was cut off on Riverside County, Calif., a study of the methods for two evapotranspirometers on the Buckeye project, Mari- determining evaporation losses in reservoirs is being copa County, Ariz. On two others the vegetation was conducted by E. R. Hedman. Evaporation measurements thinned out to 50 percent and on two more it was left made on the shore of the reservoir with a U.S. Weather undisturbed. As could be expected, the water use in the Bureau Class A pan and a sunken screened pan were "shorn" tanks dropped considerably to less than 20 not in agreement. When checked by three variations of percent of the original use; however, it rose to over 50 the empirical mass-transfer equation, the evaporation percent within 2 months as the vegetation reestablished rate from the sunken screened pan seemed to be ab­ itself. The rate of growth on individual sprouts was as A134 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES

much as 5 cm per day. The water use in the thinned-out where saltcedar is growing and using water is governed tanks dropped by not more than 20 percent. by both atmospheric pressure and the amount of water A single-basin study of about 2.5 sq mi of the forested used. Middle Branch drainage basin in Lebanon State Forest, Burlington County, N.J., made by E. C. Ehodehamel EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY PHREATOPHYTES shows that the average growing-season runoff of about 5 inches increased by as much as 12 to 13 inches during T. W. Robinson reports marked differences in the use the first growing season following an uncontrolled for­ of ground water among four species of phreatophytes est fire. This increased water yield is approximately grown in evapotranspiration tanks (evapo^ranspirom- equivalent to 0.6 mgd per sq mi throughout the year. eters), near Winnemucca in northwestern Nevada. Similar geology, soil-infiltration characteristics, topog­ Analysis of 5 years of evapotranspiration data shows raphy, vegetation, depth to the water table, and climate that willow was the highest user of grourd water; it throughout much of the approximately 2,250 sq mi of obtained 82 percent of its needs from that source. Wild- the New Jersey Pine Barrens region suggest that sim­ rose was the next highest us6r of ground water, drawing ilar values of increased yields would apply in other 70 percent from the ground; rabbitbrush ws s third with parts of the area. Comparison of these increased-yield 64 percent, and greasewood was lowest, obtaining 52 values with other such values in Northeastern United percent of its needs from ground water. Uee of ground States also indicates good agreement. water by greasewood varied with the amount of pre­ cipitation it was greatest, 68 percent, when the sea­ Evapotranspiration related to environment sonal rainfall was low, and least, 25 percent, when it was T. E. A van Hylckama made intensive studies of high. Use of ground water by willow, on the other hand, water use by saltcedar at the Buckeye project, Mari- was virtually independent of rainfall. The inverse rela­ copa County, Ariz., and reports the following relations tion between ground-water use and rainfall was appar­ between evapotranspiration and the environment: ent, but small, for wildrose and rabbitbrush. 1. Windspeeds are an important item in the applica­ S. E. Rantz (p. D10-D12) has prepared a graph and tion of the mass-transfer formulas for computing evap­ table for selecting values of the coefficient K to be used otranspiration. Profiles were obtained over 3-m-high in the Blaney-Criddle formula for estimating evapo­ saltcedar. About a thousand profiles of hourly wind- transpiration by native phreatophytes. Values of K are speeds at various heights were analyzed. More than 80 dependent on the species of phreatophyte, the density of percent of the profiles are logarithmic, and deviation growth, and the depth to water table. For example, the occurs only at very low windspeeds. At high windspeeds value of K for a light growth of saltgrs.ss, with the the vegetation is pushed down to a comparatively water table 5 feet below land surface, is 0.35. With the smooth surface and there is little wind within the thick­ same depth to water table, the value of K for a dense ets. At medium windspeeds the vegetation is a rough growth of saltcedar is 1.3. surface causing much turbulence inside the thickets where, at times, the windspeeds can be higher than above the vegetation. LIMNOLOGY 2. Earlier reviews reported a sharp decline in rates of evapotranspiration and growth for saltcedar at the end Lake-level changes in Florida of June or the beginning of July. It was postulated that In recent work on Florida lakes, a method was estab­ the lack of carbon dioxide in the air might have caused lished for estimating the probable change in the level this decline. However, round-the-clock measurements of a lake in a closed basin for periods of 1 to 3 months. of the CO2 content of the air in and above the vegetation G. H. Hughes reports that the method also gives the showed that there was no. deficiency. The CO2 profiles range of lake levels at the end of the periods 80 percent indicate that near the ground the CO2 content is low of the time. A sufficient number of lake-level records when the rate of growth is high during the day, whereas is required to define a relation between lake-level change during the night the CO2 content rises. The average CO2 and rainfall at some nearby weather statior where long- content inside the thickets is about 280 ppm during the term rainfall records are maintained. Due to the many day and 400 ppm during the night. 3. Records from ground-water-level recorders in­ hydrologic variables, accuracy in the results is achieved stalled on the evapotranspirometers showed remarkably by using separate relations between lake-level change large diurnal fluctuations. It was shown that atmos­ and rainfall for each period of 1, 2, and 3 months be­ pheric pressure has a strong effect on the water levels in ginning each month of the year. The method becomes tanks without vegetation. Thus, the water level in tanks less accurate when applied to periods longer than 3 PLANT ECOLOGY A135 months because of the increasing range of possible Nitrogen assimilation in model streams fluctuations. Biological effects on water quality were studied in Stability in a destratification experiment in El Capitan recirculating laboratory streams by G. G. Ehrlicb and Reservoir K. V. Slack. One stream received only inorganic nitro­ gen (calcium nitrate) and the other received only or­ In 1965 and 1966 a destratification experiment was ganic nitrogen (yeast extract). Proteolytic bacteria con­ conducted at the El Capitan Reservoir near San Diego, verted organic nitrogen to ammonia, which was partly Calif. An analysis of the computations of stability per assimilated by algae and partly converted to nitrate unit area (ft-lb per sq ft) by G. E. Koberg indicates that (nitrified) by bacteria. After large initial increases, a linear relationship exists between reservoir contents bacteria and ammonia decreased rapidly as organic and the minimum stability that an airbubbling can nitrogen became deficient. About half the nitrate in the maintain during the late spring and summer. The rela­ inorganic medium disappeared in 2 weeks, and nitrate tionship, based on reservoir contents ranging between was undetectable after 3 weeks. Bacterial counts were 15,000 and 25,000 acre-f t, indicates that when the reser­ relatively low and constant. Algae increased in both voir has a volume of 45,000 acre-ft the minimum stability streams as nutrients decreased, reaching quasi-steady (20 ft-lb per sq ft) will be the same as that observed on states after about 4 weeks. Nitrate, from whatever July 15, 1964, for a stratified reservoir whose contents source, was assimilated by algae. Biomass increased were 10,000 acre-ft. The biological- and chemical-oxygen more rapidly in the stream which received inorganic demand in the hypolimnion of the reservoir in 1964 was nitrogen. Nitrification apparently was not of major im­ such that little or no oxygen was observed. It would be portance in converting organic nitrogen to algal bio- expected, then, that conditions observed in 1964 would mass. Growth rates compared with the rate for natural return to the reservoir when the volume reached 45,000 conditions as follows: acre-ft even though the air-bubbling system was in Dry weight, total biomass operation. Presumably, there would be no change in the Beginning End biological- and chemical-oxygen demand. The relation­ of test of test ship may be useful to predict the capacity of a given Laboratory stream with inorganic nitrogen.__ 1.2 5. 5 air-bubbling system to alleviate problems of low dis- Laboratory stream with organic nitrogen .3 3. 8 solved-oxygen content in the hypolimnion. (See also Columbia River. ______----- . 5 7.0 discussion of evaporation reduction by artificial destrat­ Other parameters measured were also within natural ification in section "Evapotranspiration.") limits. Flushing time of Lake Tahoe estimated to be more than 1,000 years PLANT ECOLOGY Lake Tahoe lies on the California-Nevada border, Saguaro populations may record past hydrologic changes southwest of Reno. The lake is 1,645 feet deep, the second deepest lake in the conterminous United States (Crater Recent studies of a saguaro forest by R. M. Turner Lake, Oreg., depth 1,932 feet, is the deepest), and con­ and J. R. Hastings (Univ. of Arizona) show that the tains 122 million acre-ft of water. J. R. Crippen has yearly rate of establishment of new plants has been fall­ estimated the flushing time of Lake Tahoe to be about ing since the mid-1940's. The population may already 1,000 years. For comparison, the flushing time of Lake have entered a period of below-normal establishment Superior is about 185 years and that of Lake Erie, about similar to that indicated for the period from the 1880's 2.6 years. The flushing time of a lake is the time required to the 1930's. These studies, based on analyses of sur­ for complete exchange of the water in the lake, brought vivorship curves for a population of more than 2,500 cactuses, also show that the period from about 1825 to about by inflow and outflow and assuming complete 1880 was marked by above-normal establishment. Com­ circulation of the water within the lake. The average parison of saguaro survivorship with long-term trends annual outflow of Lake Tahoe is about 172,000 acre-ft, in temperature suggest that saguaro establishment is which results in a computed flushing time of about 700 favored by periods of relatively high temperature. years. However, the lake is believed to be monomictic, Further testing at- other sites throughout the sagnaro's with top-to-bottoin mixing occurring once a year. It is range will show whether fluctuations in saguaro popu­ unlikely that all the water enters the inflow-outflow lation can be used to reconstruct past climatic condit ions. regime of the lake in such an orderly progression that complete exchange is accomplished in 700 years. Because Negative pressure or moisture "suction power" of p'ants of this the true flushing time of the lake may be more In an extensive study of internal plant stresses (nega­ than 1,000 years. tive pressures or moisture "suction power") by F. A.

318-835 O - 68 - 10 A136 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES Branson, R. F. Miller, and I. S. McQueen, a large num­ channels in front of eight of the mountain's glaciers ber of stresses considerably higher than any previously from a study of dates of free establishment. Sigafoos reported was measured. A pressure chamber was used to and Hendricks identified abandoned melt-water chan­ make the field measurements. Internal stress in a salt- nels that cut through moraines of Emmonr Tahoma, desert shrub (Atriplex corrugata) in eastern Arizona and Carbon Glaciers. Some of these valleys (channels) was 102 atm or much higher than the previous record contained streams as long ago as 100 year^ whereas high of 84 atm reported for creosote bush. An additional others were stream channels as recently as 50 years ago. set of measurements surprisingly showed lower internal Either of two channels so dated and identified in front plant stresses for xerophytes growing below sea level in of Emmons Glacier could have been one mapped as a Death Valley than in xerophytes in adjacent deserts. stream by I. G. Russell in 1896. An apparent explanation of these unexpected results is the fact that Death Valley xerophytes grow mainly in NEW HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTS water-concentration areas such as rills, gullies, or washes. AND TECHNIQUES Gullies on forested slopes related to past land use Recording of data Gullies formed in the recent past, under land use different from now, have been identified by R. S. Siga- The number of digital recorders in use by the Water foos in his studies of vegetation in relation to areal Resources Division increased by about 1,500 units dur­ hydrology in the northern Virginia piedmont. On for­ ing the 1968 fiscal year, bringing the total to approxi­ ested slopes, these gullies are no longer being eroded, mately 6,700. While the majority of these are used to for rains that produce runoff in nearby ephemeral chan­ record water stage only, an increasing number are re­ nels draining only a few acres fail to move leaves in the cording ground-water data, and more extensive use of bottoms of these "fossil" gullies. Numerous gullies on water-quality monitors is being made in evaporation forested slopes at Reston, Va., are not now being eroded, studies and in other special applications. but the age of trees in their bottoms and on the gully C. R. Daum reports the adaptation of tH Fischer- walls shows that erosion stopped 100 years ago, started Porter digital punch to a multipoint recorder by syn­ again, and stopped most recently about 50 years ago. chronizing the punch with the recorder. Each time the Clearing for future construction will again cause severe recorder prints, a corresponding value is punched out erosion. in binary-decimal form on 16-channel tape. The data can then be transferred to magnetic tape for processing. Beech-maple forest related to presence of moist soil This system has been field tested and is now cr>erational. From a study of vegetation on Pleistocene drift and G. F. Smoot reports that development of the water- associated deposits in northern Kentucky, J. R. Keith quality monitoring system for recording on the ADR found that beech-maple communities grow on slopes (Analog-to-Digital Recorder) is continuing. The me­ of greater relief where such slopes are underlain by chanical programmer on the first model h^s been re­ glacial deposits than where the land surface is underlain placed by an all-solid-state unit in the second-genera­ by nonglacial deposits. Perhaps glacial soils have a tion model. Forty-four units have been delivered for greater water-holding capacity than nonglacial soils installation in the field. on relatively steep slopes and thus can support beech and maple trees which are believed to require considerable Transmission of data moisture. Adjacent areas of similar relief, but which A. A. Vickers and E. W. Moshinsky used a Fischer- have no glacial deposits, support only the more xeric Porter binary telemetry transmitter, which is designed oak-hickory communities. Thus the pattern of plant to transmit one 4-digit parameter, to transmit two or communities reflects the effects of glaciation even at the more 3-digit parameters. This is done by providing a extreme southern limit of drift in this region. suitable programmer to enter the different parameters into the transmitter memory system at specified inter­ Recent pumice deposit dated at Mount Rainier, Wash. vals. The beginning digit in each sequence identifies A recent pumice deposit identified by D. R. Mullin- the parameters being transmitted; transmission may be eaux as the product of the most recent eruption of Mount either by radio or telephone. Rainier, Wash., was dated by R. S. Sigaf oos and E. L. Hendricks from a study of tree ages at Emmons Glacier; Methods of discharge measurement it is older than about 110 years but younger than 120. The techniques of determining low-flow discharge on These ages were determined in a more extensive study large rivers by considering a dam and its gates as a of minimum ages of younger moraines and melt-water structure that can be calibrated, has been improved by NEW HYDROLOGIC INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES A137 the development of an over-ranging span limiter, ac­ contains an extension cable, water sampler, Secchi disk, cording to H. O. Wires. It provides a reliable digital water-color set, and other supplies. record of large dain-gate openings. Its use permits gate Measurement of subsurface-water flow and hydraulic openings to be recorded to 0.01-foot accuracy over the conductivity critical-minimum-opening range. Automatic sequential A method developed by R. W. Stallman for estimating gate recording each hour produces one digital tape that ground-water flow by means of temperature measure­ can be used in conjunction with other tape records of ments in fluid columns has been applied to estiirates headwater, tailwater, and lockages for discharge deter­ of flow in the zone of aeration. Criteria for determin­ mination by computer analysis. ing susceptibility of the fluid columns to convec- G. F. Smoot reports that streamflow measurement by tive overturn were developed by E. A. Sammel. Poth the moving-boat technique, which allows measuring dis­ glycerol and a special oil were used successfully in field charge in large streams and tidal estuaries while rapidly situations where temperature gradients had caused traversing a stream by boat, has had more successful water columns to be too unstable for use in grxyuid- applications this year. The equipment has been simpli­ water-flow analysis. fied and the technique refined. Results of extensive tests indicate that an accuracy of within 5 percent or less can Stallman has also made estimates of vertical hydrau­ be achieved. Sets of equipment for the moving-boat tech­ lic conductivity by placing pressure transducers at nique are in use in several Water Resources Division depths as great as 45 feet and measuring attenuation offices in the United States and in a few foreign proj­ and phase lag hi the pressure waves resulting from ects as well. atmospheric-pressure changes. Data from the pressure transducers is modeled on a simple electric-analog de­ Methods of velocity measurement vice in order to obtain a value for permeability tc air. A heated multiple-thermocouple probe has undergone This value is then converted to an estimate of hydraulic preliminary flume tests to determine its suitability for conductivity. low-velocity measurements and continuous recording. Measurement of coarse particle sizes H. O. Wires reports that the results are promising; sen­ sitivities well below 0.1 fps may be obtained. J. R. Ritter and E. J. Helley have found that the Zeiss particle-size analyzer provides a convenient Automatic pumping-type sediment samplers method of measuring the particle size of coarse bed ma­ Pumping samplers for the automatic collection of sus­ terial. This method is based on photographs of the pended-sediment samples from natural streams have un­ streambed and a volumetric procedure for determin­ dergone further refinement this year. John Skinner ing the size of the particles. The analyzer can be used reports that two types differing in sample capacity, to measure a few thousand particles within an hour, and portability, and cost are now available for use. One, the photographs can be utilized to record changes in the PS-66A, can pump 121 pint samples and is designed the streambed. Comparison of analyses by the analyzer for use at a fixed site. The second, the PS-67, pumps 48 with those by conventional methods shows that, the pint samples and is mounted on wheels for maximum analyzer is faster, more pratical, and more accurate portability. than a number of other methods. Joseph Beverage and John Skinner designed two elec­ trical control units for the PS-67 sampler. One unit con­ Well defects studied by television trols all operations within the sampler but requires an J. E. Eddy reports that a closed-circuit borehole externally supplied voltage pulse to start the sampling television camera, developed for a depth capability of cycle. The second unit, which must be coupled with a over 1,000 feet, was used in the exploration of 5 city water-level recorder, starts only when the water stage wells in Jacksonville, Fla. The camera enabled ob^erv- changes by a predetermined amount. ers to see the causes of defects inside 3 of the wells; the remaining 2 wells were found to be in good operating Portable water-quality kit condition. One well was producing sand, a second was K. V. Slack developed a small, lightweight kit for leaking through the casing below the ground surface, instrumental measurement of four water-quality param­ and the third was obstructed below the casing. A per­ eters in grab samples or in situ. The kit is useful for manent visual record of each problem was mad°> by repetitive or reconnaissance studies and is especially video tape. valuable in remote areas. The water-quality kit weighs 25 pounds and was assembled from commercial instru­ Borehole geophysics as applied to geehydrology ments for measuring temperature, pH, dissolved W. S. Keys reports that certain geophysical-logging oxygen, and specific conductance. An accessory package tools, new in ground-water investigations, are under- A138 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES going field testing and modification. A temperature- Flood frequency on small watersheds logging soiide provides simultaneous records of gradient A method using many short streamflow records of and differential temperatures. Measuring the difference small watersheds to determine 50- and 100-year flood between the 2 thermistors permits the detection of frequencies is reported by G. L. Haynes, Jr. The method changes of less than 0.01°C without off-scale deflec­ uses a probability distribution in combination with re­ tions. With this equipment water can be used as a tracer, gression techniques and allows the total flood experience and sources of water in wells can be located. in a region to be used directly in determining the fre­ A borehole-ad justed acoustic tool has provided ve­ quency. Evaluation of the method in New England and locity logs at a high sensitivity without cycle skipping. the southeastern States gave results that are closely Acoustic velocity is related to porosity, and acoustic comparable to those obtained by index-flood and multi­ amplitude is attenuated by fractures and may be re­ ple-regression methods and to the observed foods as de­ lated to permeability. A new motor-driven, piston-type fined by the station frequency curves. The nethod was water sampler and tracer ejector has been developed used also to develop flood frequencies up to the 100- and tested. Also, neutron logs have recently been found year level for small streams in Kansas and western to be effective in locating altered and fractured zones Oregon. which transmit water in granite, and in identifying hy­ drocarbon beds in sediments. ANALYTICAL METHODS Determination of carbonates in rock samples A new method of differential thermal analysis has ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY been devised by W. N. Lockwood for determination of Standard gold samples available amounts of calcium or magnesium carbonates in con­ solidated- or unconsolidated-rock samples. A series of A gold standard was prepared by J. W. Marinenko and H. T. Millard, Jr., from a gold-bearing quartz from tests of various mixtures of calcium carbonate with cal­ Montgomery County, Md. To obtain the desired homo­ cined alumina, a pure quartz sand, pure kaolinite, non- calcareous bentonite, and natural iioncalcareous silt and geneity, the ground sample was treated with aqua regia, dried, ignited, and mixed. The standard contains 2.6 clay were run according to the new method. The method, ppm Au and is now available for interlaboratory which is based on use of an internal standard in the sample against which peak heights of carbonate break­ standardization. downs are measured, is rapid, inexpensive, and in most Low-gold fire-assay fiux samples is accurate to within a few percent. Additional A procedure for preparing a fire-assay flux with a testing indicates that the internal standard compen­ low-gold blank was developed by F. O. Simon. The sated for any variation due to grain size. new flux is prepared by melting in pure aluminum ox­ Improved technique to measure pH and Eh values ide crucibles, a flux containing more than the usual F. A. Swenson reports that further development work concentration of lead. Part, of the lead is reduced by has improved the sensitivity of UNELAN, the system flour into a lead button which contains most of the gold. designed to measure pH and Eh values of aqueous solu­ The lead button is discarded, and the remaining glass tions in high-pressure environments. A new amplifier is ground and is used with additional flour as the flux system and sonde have been built and used to achieve a for fire assay. The gold blank is reduced to %0 the usual sensitivity of less than 0.1 pH unit. value or to 0.1 ppb Au in a 15-g sample wHn the new flux is used. Recording channel changes by time-lapse photography C. K. Goodwill has shown that useful and sometimes New activation-analysis procedures for determining dramatic results are obtained from time-lapse photo­ background levels of gold in rocks graphic equipment installed to record channel erosion H. T. Millard, Jr., and J. E. McLane have completed on a small stream. A normally unobservable series of work on an activation procedure which involves isolat­ erosional events during storms is compressed in time ing gold on an anion-exchange disk. After irradiation, by a factor of approximately 500. Semiautomatic, re­ the sample is fused with sodium peroxide in the pres­ mote photography has been achieved in this system by ence of a gold carrier, and the solidified melt dissolved sensing both rainfall and light intensity. No pictures in hydrochloric acid. Silicon is removed by evaporation are taken unless the light is suitable and at least 0.1 inch with hydrofluoric acid. The residue is picl'ed up with of rain has fallen. The pictorial record is useful for dilute hydrochloric acid and the solution passed through educational purposes and is also of interest to the gen­ a strongly basic anion-exchange disk. The gold is re­ eral public. tained on the disk relatively free from radioactive con- ANALYTICAL METHODS A139 taminants, allowing the gold-198 activity to be deter­ Chemical determination of rhodium in rocks mined by gamma spectrometry. The chemical yield of In the sequential chemical method previously devel­ the gold carrier is determined by reirradiating the disks. oped by F. S. Grimaldi and M. M. Schnepfe (r0023) J. J. Rowe and F. O. Simon report a major break­ for determining minute amounts of platinum and palla­ through in developing an extremely simple, practical, dium in rocks, a fraction containing the rhodium and routine method for determining gold at the parts-per- part of the iridium originally present in the sample is billion level. One-gram samples are irradiated for 10 to obtained after separating rock-forming elements and 16 hours in the Naval Research Laboratory reactor. noble metals. Schnepfe and Grimaldi have now devel­ After cooling for 10 days the radioactivity drops to oped a chemical method for determining rhodiun in levels which can be safely handled in the fire-assay lab­ this fraction (p. D210-D213). Approximately 10 ppb oratory (overall activity for 20 samples is less than Rh is determinable in a 10-g sample. The need for 1 /*c). The samples are carried through a classical fire separating rhodium from iridium (probably the nost assay with gold metal as a carrier. The final bead is difficult separation among the platinum metals) was ob­ weighed to determine yield and gamma counted to viated by adoption of a colorimetric method in which determine the gold originally present. As little as 0.1 interference from iridium is minimal. Iridium and rho­ ppb Au can be determined. Although the total elapsed dium are converted to complex chlorides, and the time for an analysis is 3 weeks, the total analyst's time rhodium color is developed in a perchloric-hydrobrcmic for processing 20 samples is less than 4 hours. acid medium by the addition of stannous brorride. Without this conversion, iridium would react also and Chemical determination of palladium and platinum in interfere seriously. rocks Neutron-activation determination of tantalum F. S. Grimaldi and M. M. Schnepfe (p. B99-B103) and hafnium completed development of a method for the simultane­ ous determination of platinum and palladium in rocks. A neutron-activation procedure suitable for routine Approximately 10 ppb of either Pt or Pd can be deter­ determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates has mined as a lower limit on a 10-g sample. Au, Pd, Pt, been developed by L. P. Greenland. The irradiated sam­ Rh, and part of the Ir are isolated by coprecipitation ple is fused with sodium peroxide, leached, and the with Te that is formed by reduction with stannous insoluble hydroxides dissolved in dilute hydrofluoric + chloride. Au and Te are separated from Pd, Pt, Rh, and hydrochloric acids. After scavenging with lanthanum Ir by extraction from 4.8./V HC1 into methyl isobutyl fluoride and silver chloride, tantalum and hafnium are ketone; Pd and Pt are separated from Rh and Ir by separated by anion exchange. Tantalum is obtained ra- extraction of Pd and Pt diethyldithiocarbamates into diochemically pure, and protactinium-233 and zir- chloroform; and Pd is separated from Pt by extraction conium-95 contaminants in the hafnium fraction are of palladium-a-furildioxime into chloroform and deter­ resolved by gamma-ray spectrometry. The chemical mined colorimetrically in this phase. Platinum in the yield of the procedure is determined by counting a fter aqueous phase is determined colorimetrically with stan- reirradiation. nous chloride. The procedure is thus a sequential one Atomic fluorescence and would permit determination of Au and Rh in their Three additional elements, selenium, tellurium, and respective fractions. antimony were found by J. I. Dinnin to yield significant atomic-fluorescence responses, making a total of eight Catalytic method for determining traces of platinum elements whose atomic fluorescence was first observed and palladium in the Survey laboratory. This work was done with A sensitive method for determining traces of plat­ flow-type electrodeless lamps built by A. W. Helz and inum and palladium in geologic materials has been de­ Dinnin. scribed by C. E. Thompson (r0396). It is based on the Infrared determination of water in rocks catalytic effect of these metals on reduction of molybdo- A technique was developed by I. A. Breger and «T. C. phosphoric acid to molybdenum blue, using formic acid Chandler for determining fixed water in rocks by in­ as the reducing agent. Platinum and palladium are dis­ frared-absorption analysis. The method requires less solved with hydrobromic acid containing free bromine than 10 mg of sample, which can be recovered if neces­ and are separated from most of the rest of the sample sary, and has been adapted to a routine procedure for by precipitating with stannous chloride, using tellurium all rock types except those containing clays. The method as a carrier. As little as 0.05 ppm can be detected, and requires less sample than the standard Penfield pir>ce- about 25 analyses can be made per man-day. dure and does not depend upon thermal elimination of A140 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND TECHNIQUES water from rocks. This work serves as a prelude for centrations. The matrix simulates the composition of a development of criteria by which infrared spectra can silicate rock. The product glasses were strair-fractured be used to discriminate between water and hydroxyl and then ground to approximately 200 meeh in high- groups in minerals. purity alumina-lined mills. Because the procedure for Determination of nitrates in saline minerals preparing these standards does not give complete as­ surance that all the elements will be present in the ex­ A method for determination of nitrates in saline min­ pected concentrations, their concentrations in all the erals was devised by L. E. Reichen and J. J. Fahey. standards will have to be determined analytically. When an aqueous solution of an alkali nitrate and an excess of magnesium sulfate is evaporated to dryness Combined fire assay-spectrochemical methods for gold and then heated in a muffle furnace for 40 minutes at and platinum metals 700°C, magnesium oxide is formed in stoichiometric re­ Because of potentially inhomogeneous distributions of lationship to the nitrate present in the sample. Silver gold and the platinum metals in geologic materials, large sulfate is added to counteract chloride which would samples for analysis are required. The techr. ique of fire otherwise react like nitrate. The magnesium oxide is assay persists as a very effective and converient means determined volumetrically with sulfuric acid. of concentrating, or collecting, these elements for subse­ quent detection by other analytical means. For reasons OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY of simplicity and speed, numerous attempts have been made to complete the analysis spectrographically by Trace elements in native gold ^burning" the fire-assay button or bead directly in a The trace-element content of native gold collected d-c arc. Poor precision resulting from thir direct ap­ from streambeds and other geologic settings is used in proach has been the reason why investigators have in­ field studies of gold. Interesting changes in trace-ele­ serted somewhat more complicating steps in the proce­ ment content relative to location downstream from the dure. Thus, as reported by L. B. Riley and Joseph source are being noted. To aid this work, A. L. Sutton, Haffty (in U.S. Geological Survey, r0439, p. A192), a Jr., developed a direct spectrographic analytical proce­ gold bead (the secondary collector) is dissolved, and dure of improved accuracy over the normally used evaporated aliquots of the solution are used for spectro­ semiquantitative d-c arc procedure. Gold "nuggets" graphic excitation. Pt is determinable to 10 ppb of the ranging in size from 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm in diameter may original sample, Pd to 4 ppb, and Rh to 5 ppb. P. R. be analyzed. Such samples are hammered flat, and a Barnett, D. L. Skinner, and Claude Huffman, Jr. (p. 5- to 10-mg section is cut from the center. The section C161-C163) reported a combined fire-assay, ion- is then chemically cleaned and dissolved. A 1-ml solu­ exchange, and spectrographic technique for determining tion of the sample is evaporated on a graphite disk for Au, Pt, and Pd in ores. These elements are removed with excitation in a spark source for spectrographic analysis. an ion-exchange resin from a solution. The resin is sub­ Numerous occurrences of 16 metallic elements have been sequently dried, admixed with silica sand, ignited, and found by this means. the spectrum excited in a d-c arc. They achieved excellent Standards for spectrochemical analysis precision with limits of detection of 0.03 ppm for Au Spectrochemical analysis is basically a comparative and Pt and 0.01 ppm for Pd. procedure in which spectra of samples are compared Direct excitation of the fire-assay bead s^ill remains with spectra of reference standards of similar composi­ an attractive procedure because of its simplicity. Re­ tion for deducing and calculating the elemental content newed efforts to accomplish this are being made by A. F. of the samples. The problem of obtaining suitable stand­ Dorrzapf, Jr., F. W. Brown, and F. O. Simon. It is ards is a major one for the analyst, and increasing de­ hoped the former difficulties of this approach will be mands in Survey laboratories for spectrochemical deter­ removed by special attention to details, th?. use of an minations have made this problem especially acute. Ar-O2 arc atmosphere, and by measuring the photo­ A. T. Myers and A. P. Marranzino plan to alleviate this graphed spectral lines with a chart-recording micro- problem by preparing glass standards which contain as photometer. Using 20-gram samples, gold for the sec­ many metallic elements as possible. Two-hundred-pound ondary collector, and direct excitation of the bead, batches have been prepared which contain the analytical detectabilities are: Pt, 2 ppb; Pd, 0.5 ppb; Rh, 4 ppb. elements in the following concentrations: blank, 0.5, 5, The method is not completed in that the precision has not 50, and 500 ppm. Each of the last 4 batches has 45 geo- yet been established, but the detection limits and sim­ chemically important elements in the above-noted con­ plicity of the procedure make further study worthwhile. ANALYTICAL METHODS

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE Atomic-absorption methods for determining minor elements X-ray fluorescence determination of rare-earth elements Methods have been developed by M. J. Fishmar for A combined chemical and X-ray fluorescence method the determination of trace amounts of silver and cad­ recently developed by H. J. Rose, Jr., and Frank mium. The metals are complexed with ammormm Outtitta was applied by them to solution of several prob­ pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate at pH 2.3, the complexes lems. As part of a systematic study of rare-earth dis­ extracted into methyl isobutyl ketone, and the ke^one tribution in apatite from various locations, rare-earth layer containing the metal chelates then aspirated. As concentrates weighing between 1.7 and 4.2 mg were little as 0.5 jug/1 Ag or Cd can be detected. analyzed for the individual rare-earth elements. Two Determination of cesium and strontium tracers in grr«md new minerals a cerium-earth carbonate, and braitsch- water ite, a calcium rare-earth borate were also analyzed. V. J. Janzer reports that an improved method has X-ray milliprobe been developed for determining the amount of cerium A new X-ray milliprobe designed specifically for in­ and strontium tracers in water samples collected during vestigations of small selected areas has added signifi­ ground-water studies. The dilute cesium-137 presert in cantly to the analytical capability of the laboratory. 1- to 5-galloii samples is concentrated by passing the This instrument replaces an earlier model that was lim­ water through a column of inorganic-ion-exchange ma­ ited largely to qualitative determinations. Conventional terial that is highly specific for cesium. The amount spectrometers have flat-crystal optics that require a large of cesium in the column is determined by gamma specimen area for maximum sensitivity. As the size of counting. the area under study becomes smaller, the efficiency of Strontium-90, which remains in solution as it passes flat-crystal spectrometers falls drastically. By convert­ through the column, is then concentrated by copre^ipi- ing to curved-crystal optics, intensities are improved tation on calcium-magnesium phosphate. The phosphate and such a focusing spectrometer is very effective in precipitate is dried and dispersed in a toluene-base viewing areas as small as 0.1 to 1.0 mm in diameter. scintillation solution that is stabilized with silica gel. Using a solution-dilution method, determinations of Fe, The dispersed sample is then counted in a liquid scintil­ the rare-earth elements, and Ca can be achieved in the lation counter to determine the strontium-90 content. nanogram range. The new unit should help considerably in mineral analysis, particularly when only a small sam­ Analyses by nuclear magnetic-resonance methods ple is available. It is also useful in examining small In a series of studies using nuclear magnetic reso­ single crystals qualitatively. nance, Harry Babad, Washington Herbert, and M. C. Goldberg (r2160), have prepared standard spectra of NEW METHODS IN WATER ANALYSIS 40 compounds containing phosphorus (V). Detriled high-resolution spectra of each compound were obtained Determination of fluoride by specific-ion electrode and serve as a record for identification of pure com­ A simple and rapid method for determining ionized pounds. Correlations of structure with phosphorus fluoride in natural waters was developed by M. J. Fish- coupling constants were made and general trends noted man. A fluoride specific-ion electrode in combination that aid in the use of nuclear magnetic resonance as a with a standard calomel reference electrode is used to tool for identification and analysis of these materials. measure the fluoride-ion activity of the sample. The A rapid analytical method for the determination of electrode measures fluoride-ion activity regardless of the isomer ratio of Systox-Sulfotepp mixtures was de­ sample ionic composition or total ionic strength. Fluo­ veloped by Harry Babad, T. M. Taylor, and M. C. Gold- ride-ion activity is equal to the product of the fluoride- berg (r2161). The integration circuit of a nuclear ion concentration and the fluoride-activity coefficient. magnetic-resonance spectrometer was used in conjunc­ The fluoride-activity coefficient is estimated directly tion with gas-liquid chromatography. The complete from specific conductance and the fluoride-ion concen­ analysis requires less than 0.1 g of sample and onlv 15 tration is then determined. Results compare favorably minutes of time. The isomer ratio in the sample ma y be with results obtained by the zirconium-Eriochrome determined to an accuracy of ± 1.5 percent without de­ Cyanine R method. stroying the original material.

GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE

As the technological aspects of our society become on crustal seismic velocities along the San Andreas fault more complex, the application of geology and hydrology system obtained from seismic-refraction profiling make to both engineering and public health also increases in it possible to determine earthquake epicenters and focal importance. For example, the public-safety aspect of depths quickly and accurately with the use of high-sneed locating nuclear-reactor power generators requires un­ computers. During the last half of 1967 approximately derstanding of potential geologic hazards such as 300 earthquakes occurred each month that were large earthquakes; in fiscal year 1968 the U.S. Geological enough to be recorded on 4 or more stations. The highest Survey provided the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission seismicity was found along the San Andreas fault from consultation on geologic and hydrologic aspects of the Cholame to Watsonville and along the Hayward and safety of approximatey 25 proposed sites for nuclear- Calaveras faults north of Hollister. Only a few very power reactors. Also, the increasing concentration of small earthquakes occurred along the San Andreas fault population and industry in urban areas requires greater on the San Francisco Peninsula between Watsonville knowledge and understanding of the geologic and hy­ and San Francisco; this zone includes part of the fault drologic environments for long-range beneficial land zone that ruptured during the 1906 earthquake. and resource use. Other geologic and hydrologic studies Terrain surrounding the San Andreas fault at Lake related to engineering and the public welfare are dis­ San Andreas on the San Francisco Peninsula has been cussed in the following sections. shown by geodimeter and theodolite observations to be undergoing distortion by combined right-lateral shear EARTHQUAKE AND CRUSTAL STUDIES and areal dilation. The deformation is probably caused by tectonic forces. Strain changes measured elsewhere GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES on the peninsula indicate that the fault zone is locally undergoing concentrated loading, resulting in possible San Andreas fault-system earthquakes and incipient slippage at certain localities. crustal strain In addition to the telemetered network of short-period The telemetered network of short-period seismo­ seismographs, portable short-period seismographs are graphs in central California was increased from 9 to 32 extensively used to probe the relationship betweer the stations during 1967. The network extends along the San Andreas fault and associated microearthquakes in San Andreas fault system from San Francisco to Cho- central California. J. P. Eaton and J. C. Roller (r2l78) lame, although most of the stations are located in the analyzed microearthquakes recorded on a special 70- San Francisco Bay area for study of earthquakes on km-diameter cluster of portable seismographs in the the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults. Seis­ area between Hollister and King City during July and mic signals from all stations are transmitted over tele­ August 1967. The 18 stations of this cluster were aug­ phone lines to the National Center for Earthquake Ke- mented by 11 additional temporary stations to record 2 search in Menlo Park, Calif. An extensive system of calibration shots that were detonated near the San An­ trilateration-triangulation networks, alinement arrays, dreas fault southeast and northwest of Hollister. The and level lines has been installed along the same general Bear Valley earthquake of July 22,1967, with a magni­ segment of the San Andreas fault system, for study of tude of about 4.5 occurred along the San Andreas fault crustal strain and fault creep. Conventional geodimeter, near the center of the portable cluster and only C km theodolite, and leveling techniques are used to measure from one of the calibration shots. The focus was shal­ surface distortion. In addition, 1 magnetometer and 1 low at a depth of about 5 km. More than 200 after­ tiltmeter have been installed in the San Francisco Bay shocks were recorded during the first 7 days after the area to begin experimental study of fluctuations in the main shock, and aftershocks were still continuirg at earth's magnetic field and of surface warping that may a rate of 5 to 10 per day at the end of 30 days. The epi­ be associated with tectonic activity along the San An­ centers were clustered around that of the main sho-?,k in dreas fault system. a region several kilometers across, with its longest axis The density of seismograph stations and information along the main fault. A143 A144 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE

Seismic studies of crustal structure in San Andreas fault Seismic studies of upper-mantle structure zone The EARLY RISE experiment was an international pro­ S. W. Stewart (r2l74) has been studying the crustal gram to study the structure of the upper mar tie beneath structure within the Coast Eanges of central California, the North American Continent. Shots fired in Lake in which the Upper Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Superior in July 1966 were recorded to the continental Gabilan Range and the Upper Jurassic to Upper Cre­ margins along profiles radiating from the shot point. taceous eugeosynclinal Franciscan Formation in the ad­ H. M. lyer (r2l77) and L. C. Pakiser (r2166) have been jacent Diablo Range represent two distinctly different jointly studying the traveltimes from these recordings basement-rock types that are clearly separated by the to obtain upper-mantle velocity models and have com­ San Andreas fault system. One detailed seismic-refrac­ pared these models with the velocity mode-Is of other tion profile was established within each of these base­ workers and the expected olivine-spinel tradition zone ment-rock types to investigate the seismic-velocity char­ in the upper mantle. The olivine-spinel trarsition zone acteristics and deeper crustal structure, and to improve for olivine consisting of 80-percent forsterite is pre­ the locating of local earthquakes. Each profile, about 200 dicted to occur at depths ranging from 335 to 475 km km in length, was parallel to the San Andreas fault for temperatures ranging from 1,200°C to 1,500°C. The zone and had 5 shot points distributed along it. velocity model deduced by lyer has a velocity transition The Franciscan material of the Diablo Range is char­ zone in the depth interval 360 to 470 km ir which the acterized by velocities ranging from 3.2 to 5.0 km/sec velocity of compressional waves increases from about in the upper 2 to 4 km, below which the velocity in­ 8.5 to 9.5 km/sec. Velocity models recently proposed by other workers 66 67 68 also have velocity transition zones creases to 5.7 km/sec. The seismic data suggest that the base of the Franciscan is at a depth of 10 to 15 km. in the depth range predicted for the olivine-spinel Below this the velocity is 6.8 to 6.9 km/sec, appropriate transition. for rocks of basaltic composition. The depth to the base Comparative study of Alps and western United States of the crust may be as much as 32 km. These results Claus Prodehl,69 a visiting scientist from the Univer­ suggest that the Franciscan sediments were deposited sity of Munich, Germany, has made a comparative study directly on an over-thickened oceanic crust. of crustal structure of the Alps and the western United Exposed granitic material of the Gabilan Range is States from seismic-refraction profiles. Record sections characterized by compressional velocities in the range for the profiles recorded in the Alps and their foreland 5.9 to 6.1 km/sec. An unexpected feature is the ex­ show a consistent arrangement and a slight curvature tremely rapid attenuation of seismic waves in the dis­ in the traveltime segments. This curvature is explained tance range 40 to 80 km. If this attenuation is due to by fairly large velocity gradients in the crust. A well- a crustal low-velocity zone, the zone begins at a depth established low-velocity zone is confined within the of no more than 10 km. Although a likely cause of such a depth range 10 to 20 km beneath the mountains, and zone may be the effect of increasing temperature with dies out beyond the Alps. At depths between 20 and 40 depth, another possibility is that the granitic material km a zone with a steep velocity gradient is found' with is underlain by lower velocity Franciscan material. velocities ranging from 6.4 to more than 8.0 km/sec. This Ground motion zone is as much as 20 km thick, but thins with increas­ R. D. Borcherdt (r2179) has measured and analyzed ing distance from the Alps. ground motion from seismic waves generated by nuclear Comparison of the Alpine studies with seismic- explosions in Nevada and propagated into the area refraction studies in the western United Spates, based surrounding the southern part of San Francisco Bay. on similar analysis, indicates the same general features These measurements reveal marked amplitude varia­ of the traveltime segments. No low-velocity zone is tions which are related consistently to the geologic observed in the Basin and Range province; there environment of the recording sites. The largest ground motions relative to two base stations on bedrock were « R. W. E. Green and A. L. Hales, 1968, The traveltines of P waves to 30° in the central United States and upper mantle structure: Seismol. recorded at the stations closest to San Francisco Bay Soc. America Bull., v. 58, p. 267-289. and appear to be related to the thickness of the un- 67 L. R. Johnson, 1967, Array measurements of P velocities in the upper mantle : Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, p. 6309-6325. consolidated bay muds. Drill-hole information at three es T. R. Lewis and R. P. Meyer, 196S, A seismic investigation of the of the recording locations indicates that the amplitude upper mantle to the west of Lake Superior: Seismol. Soc. America Bull., v. 58, p. 565-596. increases as the thickness of the bay mud increases, the w Claus Prodehl, 1968, Crustal structure of the Alps from seismic- largest variation being observed in the horizontal refraction measurements and a comparison with some profiles in the western United States tabs.]: Geol. Soc. America C^rdilleran Sec., ground motion rather than in the vertical ground Seismol. Soc. America, and Paleont. Soc., Ann. Mtg., Tucson, Ariz., motion. 1968, Program, p. 98. EARTHQUAKE AND CRUSTAL STUDIES A145 fairly sharp discontinuity separates the upper crust the San Andreas fault from Point Arena on the north from the lower crust. to the Mexican border on the south. Several of tl ?>se Aeromagnetic studies of continental structure have been released in the past year, and those row Isidore Zietz (U.S. Geol. Survey) and P. T. Taylor available to the public cover Tomales Bay to Bolinas and L. S. Dennis (Naval Oceanographic Office) have Bay,70 northern Gabilan Range to Cholame Valley (R. analyzed aeromagnetic data obtained by the Naval D. Brown, Jr., r!378), Cholame Valley to Tejon lass Oceanographic Office from a survey extending from the (J. G. Vedder and R. E. Wallace, r!377), and Tejon Gulf of Maine to the tip of Florida (rl!94). The survey Pass to Cajon Pass (D. C. Ross, r!376). Maps in prepa­ traversed parts of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain ration or nearing completion will show parts of the provinces and extended 200 miles beyond the Conti­ fault from Point Arena to Tomales Bay (E. W. Wolfe nental Shelf into the Atlantic Ocean. A continuous mag­ and R. D. Brown, Jr.), Bolinas Bay to northern Gabilan netic high is located on or near the Continental Slope Range (E. H. Pampeyan), and Cajon Pass to Salmon from northern Maine to approximately lat 36° N., at Sea (R. A. Hope). The maps are the first to show which point the anomaly splits. Both magnetic trends accurately the location of all known and suspected active parallel the 850-fathom contour to lat 31° N., and breaks along the entire landward portion of the Pan swing westward near Brunswick, Ga. South of lat Andreas fault. They also show that most of the active 31° N., the Continental Slope is not paralleled by a breaks overlap slightly and are a few hundred to many magnetic anomaly. It is possible that these continuous thousands of feet long, although two breaks may paral­ anomalies mark the edge of the Appalachian continental lel each other or one may splay or branch from anotl ^,r. land mass and are evidence of igneous rocks which have Long linear breaks are less common; but one was traced invaded the crust along a fault zone that marked the for about 9 miles in the Carrizo Plain and another, edge of the continent. The magnetic data suggest that more than 18 miles long, marks the fracture zone that Florida and parts of Georgia were accreted onto the accompanied the 1966 Parkfield-Cholame earthqua]-e. old continent in pre-Ordovician times. Seaward from Another outgrowth of the strip map investigations the Continental Slope anomaly, the magnetic map is is an accumulating body of evidence showing that dif­ comparatively featureless. Several interpretations are ferent segments of the San Andreas fault possess possible, but Zietz and his coworkers suggest that in this characteristic movement patterns and seismic activity. area the oceanic crust consists of relatively nonmagnetic Most segments of the fault have not moved appreciably greenstones derived mainly from basalt flows. since the last major earthquake 1906 in the northern part of California, 1857 in the southern part of the GEOLOGIC STUDIES State even though resurveyed triangulation nets sl^ow that deformation of the crust is continuing. A few seg­ The breadth and scope of current geologic research ments, like that near Parkfield and Cholame, exhibit on the United States' most active fault system, the San recurring low- to moderate-magnitude earthquakes Andreas, were disclosed at a symposium held at Stan­ accompanied by spasmodic fault movements, and still ford University, September 14-16, 1967, and jointly other segments appear to move largely by tectonic cr-^ep sponsored by the University and by the National Center with few or no large earthquakes. These characteristics for Earthquake Research of the U.S. Geological Sur­ of different parts of the San Andreas fault are described vey. The results of the symposium are contained in a and discussed by R. D. Brown, Jr., and R. E. Wallace 400-page volume edited by W. K. Dickinson (Stanford (rl7l6). From measurements of offset manmade fea­ Univ.) and Arthur Grantz (U.S. Geol. Survey) and tures of known age they find that a part of the fa.ult titled: "Proceedings of the Conference on Geologic between Paicines and Cholame Valley or about ir id- Problems of the San Andreas Fault System." Much of way between the 1906 and 1857 fault breaks is moving the current geologic research by the Geological Survey ab-an average rate of about 0.8 inch per year. Along this cited below is described more fully in the symposium part of the fault movement is largely by tectonic cr^-ep volume. which has been relatively constant for the period of Patterns of historic and geologically recent fault move­ historic record (about 50 years), and displacement is ment continuing now as shown by recurring fractures in As part of the continuing program to define and paved roads. Earthquakes are frequent along this p^rt evaluate earthquake risk along the San Andreas fault, of the fault, but most are of relatively low magnitude. Geological Survey investigators have prepared strip R. D. Brown, Jr., 1967, Most conspicuous strands of the San And'eas maps which show active strands of the fault or those and related faults, southwestern Marin County, California: U.S. strands that have moved most recently. Six maps cover Survey open-file rept., map with text, 1 sheet. A146 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE Brown and Wallace contrast these characteristics with ing the right-lateral displacement for the main San those found in the part of the San Andreas fault that Andreas fault, and contributing new evidence on rates extends southward from Cholame Valley to Camp Dix of displacement. New data on offset stratigraphic units along the trace of the great 1857 fault break. Despite its were gathered and interpreted by J. C. Cummings, record of past activity this part of the San Andreas W. O. Addicott, C. M. Wentworth, and H. E. Clifton. fault is crossed by 50-year old fences that are perfectly Cummings (r!719), in a study of the Santa Clara alined; moreover, it is seismically one of the most quiet Formation of Pliocene and Pleistocene age, deduces sections of the entire San Andreas fault. that Corte Madera facies gravels west of the San An­ Additional insight into the movement patterns of the dreas fault are displaced from their original position Cholame Valley-Camp Dix segment of the San An­ opposite a Cretaceous source area east of the fault. The dreas fault is offered by Wallace (rl729) in a separate source area is identified on the basis of characteristic investigation. From a statistical analysis of right- lithologies that are common to it and to bonlders, cob­ lateral offsets of stream channels he concludes that the bles, and pebbles of the Corte Madera facies; its original offsets were caused by abrupt fault movements (plus position is inferred from the manner in which clastic some tectonic creep) that commonly amounted to tens rocks of the Corte Madera facies coarsen with proximity of feet. A significantly large number of streams are to the fault. The model thus envisioned by Cummings offset about 30 feet and these he relates to fault displace­ requires approximately 17 miles of right-lateral move­ ments that accompanied the 1857 earthquake, and to ment since deposition of the Santa Clara Formation, tectonic creep immediately following it. Accurate geo- and implies rates of movement of about O.f of an inch chronologic dating of the larger (and hence older) per year for the past 2 to 4 m.y. stream offsets would provide a powerful tool for deter­ Study of the provincial Pacific coast molluscan mining rates of fault movement; efforts along these lines "Vaqueros stage" has convinced W. O. Addicott (r0242) are continuing, but no generally applicable technique that the present distribution of the warm-water has yet been found. "Vaqueros" fauna reflects substantial post-early Miocene Other California faults are also yielding evidence of right-lateral strike slip on the San Andreas fault. The modern activity. M. G. Bonilla (r!715) has uncovered index fossil for the "Vaqueros stage," Turritella reliable documentary evidence bearing on the contro­ inezana Conrad has been found to range northward to versial direction of fault movement during the 1872 Point Arena west of the San Andreas fault (Addicott, Owens Valley earthquake. The field notebooks of G. K. r0352), but east of the fault it has been found no farther Gilbert and W. D. Johnson, obtained from the National north than the northern Diablo Range. Other "Vaqueros Archives, clearly document right-lateral movement stage" fossils exhibit a similar distribution across the along the fault near Lone Pine, and several of the re­ San Andreas fault, and the apparent offset is further lations described by Gilbert and Johnson are verified substantiated by the distribution of northern cooler by Bonilla. From these records, from evidence afforded water "Blakeley stage" megaf ossils that Addicott shows by property surveys, and from reports of damage in the are contemporaries with those of the "Vaqueros." He Los Angeles aqueduct tunnel where it crosses the fault, finds that right-lateral shifts along the SHayward fault zone and has uncovered rela­ Tertiary marine basins. These basins, too, demonstrate tions that show the Pleasanton fault near Pleasanton right-lateral offsets at the San Andreas fauh and verify moved in historic time. She also cites evidence that rates of movement determined by other techniques. movement on the Calaveras fault is the probable cause A minimum of 270 miles of right-lateral strike slip of spillway damage at Coyote Dam near Gilroy, and on the San Andreas fault since Cretaceous time is re­ reports documentary evidence that movements along the quired by facies relations described by C. M. Wentworth Calaveras fault disrupted the ground surface near Dub­ (rl730). His studies of the Gualala Group of White lin during a severe earthquake in 1861. (1885) 71 of northern California have disclosed an un­ Tectonics of Son Andreas fault system usual sedimentary facies characterized by plagioclase

Evidence of displacements in past geologic time was « C. A. White, 1885, On new Cretaceous fossils from California: U.S. gathered by several investigators, further substantiat­ Geol. Survey Bull. 22, p. 8. EARTHQUAKE AND CRUSTAL STUDIES A147 arkose and a conglomerate that consists of gabbro and ary time, for rock units of middle Miocene age and quartz diorite clasts. No nearby source for these rocks younger do not show the profound dislocation found is possible, and the nearest potential source lies across in older strata. Vedder and Brown suggest that the (east of) the San Andreas fault and more than 270 Nacimiento fault is offset right laterally approximately miles to the southeast. 10 miles by the Big Pine fault and that it continues Cyclical patterns of deposition in middle Miocene southward as the Pine Mountain fault. On the basir of age rocks of the Caliente Eange are believed by H. E. offset streams, a reported 1852 surface fracture in Lock- Clifton (rl718) to document episodic movements on the wood Valley, and faulted Quaternary terrace depoeits, San Andreas fault which presumably formed the north­ they consider the Big Pine fault to be currently active. eastern boundary of the depositional basin in which Farther north, fieldwork by R. A. Loney on the Burro these rocks were deposited. Clifton notes a cyclical Mountain ultramafic body in southwestern Monterey gradation upward from marine to continental rocks, County has revealed significant new evidence conce^n- suggests that this indicates progradation across a sea­ ing the Nacimiento fault. Loney has found that much ward-shifting strandline, and infers that this pattern of the profound stratigraphic dislocation formerly can best be explained by periodic fault movements alter­ ascribed to this fault is in reality localized along an nating with periods of tectonic quiescence. Cyclical sedi­ eastward-dipping low-angle (20°-25°) thrust fault. In mentation ended in late middle Miocene time. Subse­ two areas northeast of the Nacimiento fault, the thrust quent deposition was dominated by floods of granitic fault brings unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks of debris deposited as alluvial fans derived from a massive Paleocene(?) age into fault contact with highly de­ granitic source to the northeast a source that was ap­ formed Franciscan (Jurassic and Cretaceous) cata- parently emplaced by lateral movements along the San clastic rocks. The thrust fault is cut by the Nacimiento, Andreas fault. showing that thrusting preceded latest movement on Other investigators have contributed new structural the Nacimiento fault. geologic analyses of parts of the San Andreas fault sys­ tem. Relations between the San Andreas fault and ENGINEERING GEOLOGY closely related structures such as the Banning, Mission Creek, and San Jacinto faults were studied in the San The effect that faulting has on the ground surface is Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains important in the siting and design of nuclear reactors by T. W. Dibblee, Jr. (r!720), who infers a complex and other major engineering structures. In a study for pattern of fault movement and geometry, but one domi­ the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission of historic sur­ nated by right slip and intimately related to the pres­ face faulting in the United States and parts of Mexico, ent San Andreas fault. M. G'. Bonilla (1257) reached the following conclu­ Farther to the southeast, field studies by R. A. Hope sions: (1) subsidiary faulting commonly accompanies in and near Joshua Tree National Monument contribute the main faulting at the ground surface; (2) the train new data on several west-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault zone and the zone of subsidiary faults are nar­ faults, the largest of which are the Pinto Mountain fault rower for strike-slip faults than for normal, reverse-, or and the Blue Cut fault. This group of faults shows oblique-slip faults; (3) subsidiary faulting has occurred marked similarities to one in the Transverse Ranges 150 at distances of as much as 1.8 miles from strike-slip miles to the northwest. On the basis of his fieldwork, faults and as much as 8.5 miles from other types; 72 and Hope suggests the two fault groups were once joined (4) three historic earthquakes have been accompanied and alined, and have been offset and separated by right by surface displacements of 0.3 to 4 feet on subsidiary slip on the San Andreas fault system. faults at distances of about 8 miles from the main faults. J. G. Vedder and R. D. Brown, Jr., (rl728) report New evidence of recent slippage along the Calaveras that south of the LaPanza Range the Nacimiento fault, fault zone in California southeast of San Francisco although subparallel to the San Andreas fault and al­ Bay has been found by D. H. Radbruch. Damage to most certainly related to it, displays clear-cut strati- the spillway of Coyote Dam northeast of Gilroy is prob­ graphic and structural evidence of vertical movement ably due to fault movement, and a little farther north, with the west side up. This sense of movement appar­ the Cochrane Bridge, which crosses the fault zon

An examination of old records indicates that a major Sharon Creek basin by streamflow from 1963 to 1965. earthquake in 1861 was accompanied by rupture of the The actual amount removed during the 3-year period ground surface along the Calaveras fault zone along the was about 144 tons. west, side of San Ramon Valley. Effect of urbanization on runoff Substantial property damage can occur if the effect URBAN AND SPECIAL ENGINEERING of urbanization on runoff is not taken into account in the design of stream-channel improvements and STUDIES bridges. W. B. Mills found that when 3.53 inches of URBAN STUDIES rain fell on the Turtle Creek watershed in Dallas, Tex., within a 5-hour period 011 April 28,1966, runoff was 92 Engineering geology in Denver metropolitan area percent from this wholly urbanized area of 7.98 sq mi. A nearby partly urbanized watershed of 7.51 sq mi had M. E. Gardner and C. G. Johnson have initiated a 85 percent runoff from 4.86 inches of rainf aJl during the cooperative project with the Inter-County Regional same storm. Although the amount or intensity of the Planning Commission, Denver, Colo. The objective of rainfall would normally occur several times" in 50 years, the project is to produce engineering-geology maps of the combination of the two in 1966 was su^h that pre­ much of the Denver-Boulder region at a scale of 1: 24,000. Discussions with county and municipal plan­ vious historic floods were exceeded at many places, and channels and bridges could not accommodate the runoff ners and engineers are clarifying geologic terminology, describing local geologic conditions of engineering sig­ that resulted. nificance, and aiding in a revision of subdivision design Effect of urbanization on stream temperature regulations. Discussions are mutually beneficial because In a study of the effect of urbanization, on stream they are providing the geologists with a better under­ temperature, E. J. Pluhowski chose five streams on standing of the needs of the principal users of the geo­ Long Island, N.Y., for detailed analysis. Summer tem­ logic maps, and these needs can be more effectively peratures in streams most affected by man's activities taken into consideration when the maps are prepared. are 10°F to 15°F above those in the upper reaches of the The project is timely in that the Colorado legislature Connetquot River, which was selected as r. control be­ recently enacted an 'amendment to the State subdivision cause it flows through one of the few remaining unde­ regulations which will permit counties to require an veloped areas of central Suffolk County. Pluhowski investigation of geologic and soil conditions of a pro­ observed that whereas temperatures are significantly posed subdivision before design plans are approved. higher in summer, winter temperatures mry be 5°F to This action by the legislature reflects a growing aware­ 10°F lower than those observed in reaches unaffected by ness of the importance of geologic conditions to the man. planning of residential subdivisions. Under natural conditions, the bulk of the streamflow on Long Island originates as ground-water outflow, and Basin development increases dissolved solids in streams less than 5 percent stems from direct surface runoff. Studies by J. R. Crippen indicate that the outflow In the highly urbanized areas of Nassau County the from 1963 to 1965 of dissolved solids from the basin of proportion of streamflow originating as surface runoff Sharon Creek, on the San Francisco Peninsula of cen­ has increased sharply since 1945. In these areas, during tral California, was more than 10 times that which periods of heavy rainfall, reaches affected t^ street run­ would have occurred had the basin remained in its na­ off may show temperature patterns that are markedly tural state. From October 1961 to September 1962 about different from those observed in strer.ms flowing 35 percent of the 245-acre basin was converted from pas­ through natural environments. For example, during the ture and brushland to use as an irrigated golf course, and period August 25-27,1967, a series of heavy rainstorms construction of 15 percent was taken for houses, office spread over all of Long Island. Throughout this pe­ buildings, and other roofed or paved areas; 50 percent riod, temperatures at each of the five observation sites of the basin was unchanged. Concentration of dissolved on the Connetquot River showed little day-to-day solids in streamflow leaving the basin was found to be change. In contrast, in the upper reaches of East Mea­ slightly higher in the postdevelopment period than it dow Brook, which drains highly urbanized central Nas­ had been under natural conditions, and the amount of sau County, temperatures increased steadily in response storm runoff was greatly increased. Comparison with a to the relatively warm street runoff. By August 27, nearby control basin that remained undeveloped re­ water temperatures had risen 10°F to 12°F above pre- vealed that under natural conditions about 13 tons of storm levels and were 15 °F higher than temperatures in dissolved solids would have been carried from the the control stream. URBAN AND SPECIAL ENGINEERING STUDIES A149

Water pollution in a limestone area past 5 years apparently were caused by stress changes A study by E. J. Harvey and John Skelton (p. C217- and stress concentrations induced by mining activities. C220) at Springfield, Mo., has shown how urbanization According to C. E. Dunrud, of the 1,500 tremors re­ of a karst area can cause pollution of ground water and corded by all the stations of the Geological Survey's change the natural hydrologic regimen. Dye tests seis­ local seismic network during this period, most origi­ mic studies, and seepage runs were used to prove that nated within or near the map position of the mine effluent from Springfield's main sewage (secondary) workings. Of a total of about 200,000 smaller tremors treatment plant enters open cracks in the Mississippian recorded only by those stations near the active nine limestone 'bedrock in Wilson Creek, travels under­ workings, many showed a cyclic frequent pattern that ground where it cannot be purified by aeration, and re­ correpsonded to the miners' workweek. In addition, appears in a spring 1.35 miles downstream. Effluent there is an irregular longer term pattern of seismic losses are inversely proportional to the height of the events of both small and relatively large magnitude water table. A sink hole 0.1 mile upstream from the which cannot now be correlated with any aspect of spring takes part of the flow of Wilson Creek at low mining. stages. The flow into the sinkhole passes beneath the Stress changes in rock related to geologic structures by creek channel at a rate of about 0.3 foot per second and use of newly developed borehole probe reappears in the spring. When ground-water outflow Changing stress conditions in rock masses are pre­ and creek stages are high, the sinkhole functions as a sumed to be related to geologic factors. Any chp.nge relief valve and discharges water into the creek. of the existing stress tensor is related to the attitude and physical properties of such geologic structures as SPECIAL ENGINEERING STUDIES faults, joints, foliations, shear zones, lineations, and Infrared surveys detect coal-mine fires bedding planes. To quantify this relation, T. C. Nichols, Aerial infrared surveys were made by E. M. Moxham Jr., J. F. Abel, Jr., and F. T. Lee (r!512) .have devel­ and G. W. Greene (Moxham 73, Moxham and Greene 74, oped a high-modulus, solid-inclusion borehole probe and Greene 75) of 22 coal-mine fires at various places in that can be strongly bonded to a rock mass, and that is Pennsylvania. The objectives were to define areas of, capable of measuring strains to determine 3-dimen- abnormal surface temperature associated with the fires sional stress changes essentially at a point within the and to determine the value of such surveys to detect rock. underground fires. As 8 of the areas were resurveyed The probe was fabricated from a 1-inch chrome- after 4 months and 1 area was surveyed 3 times, it was alloy steel ball, mounted with 3 strain-gage rosettes, possible to provide the U.S. Bureau of Mines with data and encapsulated in a waterproof epoxy stiffened with on the progress and effectiveness of control measures. additives. The probe's reliability was established by The surveys defined the extent of shallow fires (less subjecting it to hydrostatic and triaxial stress fields of than 10 m), and several fires were revealed in areas pre­ changing magnitude. In all these tests the probe re­ viously believed to be free of fire. Several years are sponded as predicted by elastic theory. Computer a nal- required for a thermal anomaly to reach the surface by ysis is used to compute the 3-dimensional stress tensor heat conduction from a fire at intermediate depths (10- from field measurements. 30 m). At least a decade is necessary for a thermal Field testing of the probe began in December 1966. anomaly to reach the surface by conduction alone from Four probes were installed at each of two locations in depths greater than 30 m. However, heat transfer by the Front Eange west of Denver, Colo.: in the Colo^do convection in open cracks provides useful data to the School of Mines experimental mine at Idaho Springs, infrared surveys concerning the extent of most inter­ and in the U.S. Bureau of Eeclamation's test adit at the mediate and deep fires. proposed Two Forks damsite. Stability of the probe Relation of earthquakes to coal mining at Sunnyside, and reliability of measurements have been good. Results Utah to date have demonstrated the intimate relation of stress- Most of the earthquakes that have originated in the field changes to attitudes of foliation, joints, and faults, Sunnyside mining district of east-central Utah in the as well as to original rock stresses 'and mining 73 R. M. Moxham, 1967, Infrared surveys at Scranton and Laurel Run, operations. Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Tech. Letter BM-1, 5 p., 5 figs. 74 R. M. Moxham and G. W. Greene, 1967, Infrared surveys of coal Slope stability at Anchorage, Alaska mine fires in the anthracite and bituminous fileds, Pennsylvania : U.S. Geol. Survey Interagency Rpt. BM-2, SO p. 35 figs. At the request of the Alaska Eailroad, D. J. Vsrnes 78 G. W. Greene, 1968, Interpretation of subsurface temperatures in (r!380) made a study of the engineering-geology the Laurel-Georgetown area, near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Interagency Rept. BM-3, 14 p., 9 figs. problems affecting industrial development of the Alaska A150 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE Railroad Terminal Reserve and adjacent lands in the The Survey's new in-hole gravity meter was used at port area of Anchorage. On the basis of a program of the Nevada Test Site to determine the in-pi tu density detailed topographic mapping, and soils exploration, of rocks overlying nuclear tests, and some larpte-diameter sampling, and testing by engineering firms, the study drill holes were descended by a man with a standard concluded that parts of the slopes adjacent to proposed gravity meter. In Yucca Flat the alluvium density aver­ developments are marginally stable under existing con­ ages 1.80 g/cu cm in the south-central part, and 1.96 ditions, and potentially unstable if shaken by an earth­ g/cu cm in the northern part. In Frenchman Flat the quake. Construction of filled land in the tidal-flat area alluvium density averages 2.03 g/cu cm. At Fahute Mesa of the port has contributed to poor drainage of surface the density of the volcanic rocks ranges from 1.83 to water. Varnes recommended that future construction 2.12 g/cu cm. At many places the density of the allu­ be allowed only after geologic problems have been recog­ vium is nearly that of the underlying volcanic rocks. nized and taken into account in the design of each new The Survey has developed two geophysical techniques development. to evaluate the stability of rocks in advance of actual tunneling at Rainier Mesa: (1) an inexpensive method of generating consistently recognizable shear waves by INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO the detonation of Primacord backing on aluminum NUCLEAR ENERGY plates emplaced in the tunnel, developed by R. D. Car- roll, and (2) instrumentation developed by Carroll and TEST-SITE STUDIES D. R. Cunningham to measure electrical resistivity and seismic velocity in horizontal drill holes that are drilled Since 1956 the U.S. Geological Survey has provided ahead of the mining face. The resulting measurements geologic and hydrologic information to the U.S. Atomic have been correlated with rock stability in order that the Energy Commission (AEC) and the Department of ground can be evaluated in advance of mining. To date, Defense in support of the underground nuclear-testing horizontal drill holes 830 and 960 feet long have been and development program of the United States. In recent years the tests have become larger and more logged successfully. complex, and the requirements for 'appropriate geologic J. R. Ege has developed correlation curve? that relate environments have become more severe. Schmidt hammer (portable rock-classification hammer) values to unconfined compressive strength and elastic Most of the nuclear tests have been made at the AEC properties of tuff in Rainier Mesa. This technique en­ Nevada Test Site. However, late in 1966 the commission ables the geologist to estimate immediately rock prop­ announced that it was necessary to investigate the suita­ erties at the field site, either on the outcrop or from cores bility of central Nevada and Amchitka Island, Alaska, as test sites to supplement the capability of the present from drill holes. Nevada Test Site for underground nuclear explosions. N. K. Yacoub, J. H. Scott, and F. A. McKeown have developed a computer program for tracing the path of In 1967 extensive drilling and exploratory programs seismic waves from an underground explosion. It is were started in those areas to evaluate their suitability anticipated that with this program it will b*- possible to for nuclear testing. In addition, earth-science investiga­ predict ground motions from explosions along any path tions continued at the Nevada Test Site. for which the geologic conditions are known. Nevada Test Site The BILBY event, an intermediate-yield nuclear explo­ The principal underground test areas at the Nevada sion detonated within the zone of ground-water satura­ Test Site are Yucca Flat, Rainier Mesa, Frenchman tion at the Nevada Test Site, produced a collapse chim­ Flat, and Pahute Mesa. The Rainier Mesa tests are con­ ney of much higher permeability than the surrounding ducted in tunnels, and tests in the other test areas are rock, which is volcanic tuff. Two postshot drill holes conducted at the bottom of vertical drill holes. have been used to study the hydrologic and radiochem- The Geological Survey maintains a systematic pro­ ical changes produced by the explosion. O^- hole, the gram for the continual collection of geologic and hydro- reentry hole, was drilled directly into the collapse chim­ logic data from all drill holes and tunnels at the Nevada ney, and the other hole, the offset hole, was drilled 400 Test Site. Subsurface correlation of stratigraphic units feet away on the down-gradient side of ground zero. is kept current, and constant evaluation of the geologic Radioactivity logging and analyses of wr-ter samples and hydrologic environment is under review. Favorable from the offset hole indicate that radioactivity from the sites for future tests are selected and explored in accord explosion is distributed only horizontally, parallel to with a program to provide an adequate number of sites the bedding in the tuff, rather than radially from the well in advance of current requirements. shotpoint as had been predicted. After hydrologic test- INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO NUCLEAR ENERGY A151

ing of the tuff section, the offset hole was deepened into as much as 10,000 feet of aggregate vertical displace­ the underlying Paleozoic carbonate rock, and the tuff ment. A striking feature of the caldera is a marginal section was cased off. Twelve million gallons of water zone of megabreccia containing giant slide blocks of was pumped from the carbonate aquifer, and analyses tuff and Paleozoic rocks from the caldera walls. Re­ were made for radiochemical constituents. None of the surgence of Morey Peak resulted in a domal structure analyses indicated that the samples had radioactivity in the Tertiary tuffs, but the uplift does not appear to be levels above background. Absence of water-level fluctua­ reflected in the Paleozoic rocks. Stratigraphic studies of tions in the reentry hole during pumping of the offset the Tertiary volcanic rocks show that two and possibly hole indicates that no major hydraulic connection exists three distinct sequences of ash flows are present so^ith between the collapse chimney and the underlying car­ and north of, and within, the caldera. bonate aquifer. Two calderas are present in the Pancake Range. mhe In October and November 1967, D. B. Grove, W. W. northern, younger one is about 12 miles in diameter. Dudley, Jr., and D. A. Baldwin conducted pumping The southern one is at least 20 miles in diameter and is tests of a fractured-dolomite aquifer at the Geological elongate in a north-northeast direction; its eastern v^all Survey tracer site in the Amargosa Desert, which is is buried in Railroad Valley and its western wall is down the hydraulic gradient from the Nevada Test Site. buried in Hot Creek Valley. The southern wall is of^et Duration of the tests ranged from 3 minutes to 51 hours. at least 10 miles in a left-lateral sense by a northwest- Water levels in observation wells at distances of 223, trending transcurrent fault that truncates the north 316, and 400 feet from the discharge well were monitored end of the Reveille Range. during the 51-hour test. In the first 2y2 minutes of pump­ G. D. Bath and D. L. Healey have successfully u^ed ing, during which most of the drawdown occurred, a method of combining aeromagnetic data and gravity drawdown measurements were hampered by oscillation data to estimate the thickness of alluvium and volcanic of water levels in the 2 observation wells and in the rocks buried beneath the valleys of central Nevada, ^he pumping well. Data for the first hour from the 400-foot alluvium is considered to be nonmagnetic and the mag­ well, which did not oscillate, provided a good fit to type netic-anomaly gradients are used to calculate the depth curves for a nonleaky artesian aquifer. Significant of the alluvium-volcanic rock contact. Taking these fluctuations in all wells from barometric pressure depths as a measure of alluvium thickness, the gravita­ changes and earth tides prevented the use of long-term tional effect of alluvium is removed from the total grav­ data for detecting leakage or hydrologic boundaries. ity anomaly, and the resultant gravity anomaly is ana­ During the 3-minute test, a pressure transducer was lyzed to give the thickness of the underlying volcanic installed in the observation well at a distance of 223 rocks. Assumptions of rock density are based on a weslth feet, and the response was documented on a high-speed of density data from geophysical logs, in-hole grav'ty- recorder. The inflection points on the oscillatory draw­ meter measurements, and laboratory measurements down curve were chosen as data points for analyzing from cores, and by calibrating values to make the depth aquifer properties. As shown in the following table, interpretations equal to the actual depths found in d ill the values of transmissibility (T) and coefficient of stor­ holes. age ($) were almost the same for all three wells. Hydrologic studies by the Survey are designed to Central Nevada Test Site evaluate the effect of nuclear explosions on ground The suitability of the northern part of Nye County, water and to provide hydraulic data on the inflow of Nev., for high-yield nuclear tests was appraised by ex­ water into underground excavations and drill holes. tensive exploratory-drilling programs. This area, be­ In the alluvium of northern Hot Creek Valley, the esti­ cause of its remoteness, is thought to be better suited mated movement of ground water is 0.5 foot per day for high-yield tests than is the Nevada Test Site. or less. Hydraulic tests in deep drill holes indicate that Hot Creek Valley was selected as the site for the first some intervals of welded tuff have sufficiently low per­ nuclear test in central Nevada, and at the end of 1967 meability to permit construction of underground cham­ preparations were completed for the first test. The Sur­ bers at a depth of 5,000 feet below the water table. vey mapped topographically and geologically five As part of continuing research to assess the response 15-minute quadrangles in Hot Creek Valley and the sur­ of aquifers and wells to seismic motion generated by rounding ranges. Three caldera complexes were identi­ nuclear explosions, water levels or pressures in selected fied in the area which, because of their great thickness wells were monitored for the FAULTLESS event (Jan. of volcanic tuff, provide ideal sites for nuclear testing. 19,1968) in Hot Creek Valley. Data presently avails.ble The Hot Creek-Morey Peak caldera is about 15 miles for sealed and open wells are tabulated below. T" ey across and is cut by large Basin and Range faults with indicate that well construction and local geology and

318-835 O - 68 - 11 A152 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE hydrology exert significant controls on the effect of Project Gnome seismic events, particularly in the case of open wells. Project GNOME involved the detonation of a 5-kiloton Amchitka Island, Alaska nuclear explosive in salt of the Salado Formation near In 1967 several drill holes as much as 7,000 feet in Carlsbad, N. Mex., December 10, 1961. W. A. Beetem depth were drilled on Amchitka Island, near the west­ reports that a 5-year postshot evaluation of water wells ern end of the Aleutian Islands chain, to explore for within a 5-mile radius of the explosion showed no nu­ sites suitable for high-yield nuclear explosions. Because clear contamination of any of the water from the offsite of its isolation, the island was selected late in 1966 as a wells. site for evaluation of its testing capability. Hydrologic applications The Geological Survey has mapped the geology of the A canvass of the ground-water environment within island, has selected the sites to be drilled, and has kept the United States has been completed, identifying areas a current geologic and hydrologic appraisal of the sub­ surface environment as drilling progressed. Magnetic, and sites where underground nuclear explosions might gravity, and infrared surveys supplement the surface offer potential advantages in managing and developing ground-water supplies. The first part of this study was geologic surveys and the drill-hole data. only to canvass, by general categories, ground-water Three sites have been explored by drilling. Two sites situations within the country in which nuclear detona­ are considered satisfactory for nuclear tests; the other tion appears potentially advantageous. The second part was abandoned because of the presence of a large high- angle fault. of this study will deal generally with the p ^acticability of detonation specifically with certain present defi­ The rocks on and beneath the island are mainly propylitized volcanic breccia with subordinate intrusive ciencies of knowledge as to the geometrv of rubble chimneys, with principal side effects of detonation, and and submarine volcanic rocks. with economic and legal considerations. Hydrologic studies by the Survey are designed to de­ termine the ground-water flow system of the island, to EARTH-ORBITING NUCLEAR GENERATORS determine the water yields of specific rock units, and to determine the pre- and post-explosion quality of the A study concerning possible ground-w£\ter contami­ water on the island. The propylitized breccias have very nation associated with the SNAP (Systems for Nuclear low permeability, but the numerous joints and faults Auxiliary Power) system is being made by the Geologi­ may contain much water. cal Survey in cooperation with the Atomic Energy Com­ mission and the Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N. Mex. PLOWSHARE PROGRAM This system is a thermoelectric generator that uses radi­ oactive material as its power source and is presently The Geological Survey participates in geologic and being used to supply energy to orbiting satellites. The hydrologic studies of PLOWSHARE sites and experiments. purpose of the project was to study radioactive contam­ PLOWSHARE is a program for studying the use of nuclear ination of ground water that could result if such a explosions for peaceful purposes. device should accidentally plummet to and become Project Bronco buried in the earth's surface. The project involves the A core hole (USBM/AEC Colorado core hole 3) was dynamic ion-exchange characteristics of trace concen­ drilled in the Piceance Creek Basin of northwestern trations of ions in saturated porous aquifers, with a Colorado in search of a suitable site for nuclear fractur­ great deal of reliance placed on formal analytical meth­ ing of oil shale and subsequent in-situ retorting of the ods and computer solutions of numerical finite differen­ shale. Hydraulic tests of the hole by the Survey showed tial equations. that a thick leached zone in the Green River Formation A general partial differential equation utilizing a (the-oil-shale formation) yielded 3,024 cu m per day of second-order kinetic-rate reaction to define the ion ex­ slightly saline water. A thick zone (about 300 m) of dry change was formulated into a finite differential equation oil shale separates the permeable leached zone from a by means of the Taylor's series and solved with a digital deeper bed of water-bearing sandstone. The lower sand­ computer. Computer programs were written for flow stone yielded 0.60 cu m per day of brine. The dry inter­ and exchange of ions through laboratory columns and val of oil shale may permit the use of a nuclear explosion homogeneous aquifers. Agreement of experimental efflu­ to fracture the shale without the resulting rubble chim­ ent breakthrough curves in laboratory-co^mn studies, ney becoming flooded with water from the leached zone. made outside the Geological Survey, whh those pre- INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO NUCLEAR ENERGY

dieted by the computer program was excellent. Varia­ ments characterized by slow deposition of fine-grained bles in the differential equations which were investi­ organic-rich sediments that are among the most radio­ gated included fluid velocity, kinetic-rate constant, active in the estuary. In cores, oxidation-reduction po­ equilibrium constant, and the dispersion coefficient. The tentials commonly are positive ( + 100 to +200 mv) in simulation of ion exchange under nontrace conditions is near-surface sediments and negative ( 100 to 200 presently in progress. mv) at depth; pH values tend to decrease with drr>th. Changes in oxidation-reduction potentials and pH DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES would seem to be of sufficient magnitude to affect uptake and (or) release of radionuclides by sediments. Rrdio- Radioactive materials in suspension or solution are nuclide analyses of anibient and interstitial waters from discharged to the environment as a result of a wide three environments suggest that manganese-54 is the variety of nuclear-energy activities. Research of the only radionuclide found in the estuary that is relatively Geological Survey sponsored by the Atomic Energy more abundant in interstitial water than in ambient Commission has included (1) transport by streams, (2) water. ground-water transport, and (3) studies related to new D. W. Hu'bbell, H. H. Stevens, Jr., and G. A. Lutz waste-disposal methods and techniques. have found that in the vicinity of Astoria, Oreg. (rver- mile 15), the concentration of radionuclides associated TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY STREAMS with suspended particulate matter and the concentre tion Columbia River and estuary of suspended sediment may vary by as much as an order The Columbia River transports radionuclides orig­ of magnitude during a tidal cycle. Although concentra­ inating from the Atomic Energy Commission's nuclear tions of radionuclides in solution differ in time, the reactors at Hanf ord, Wash. Studies by W. L. Haushild, variations usually are not excessively large. Howeve^*, at H. H. Stevens, Jr., and G. R. Dempster, Jr., indicate the Beaver Army Terminal (river-mile 53) neither the that the discharge of specific radionuclides into the Co­ concentration of radionuclides associated with particu­ lumbia River decreased linearly with time from January late matter nor the concentration of radionuclides in 1964 to September 1966; the decrease resulted from the solution varies appreciably during a tidal cycle. adjustment of the river system to the shutdown of three Application of a mathematical model of discharge, reactors from January to June 1964, and in continuing based on equations of one-dimensional unsteady flow improvement in operation of the reactors. At Pasco, and hydrographs of measured discharge, has indicated Wash., about 40 miles downstream from the reactors, that at the Beaver Army Terminal the roughness param­ the radionuclide discharge was nearly independent of eter is not a constant. Additional measurements are sediment or water discharge, whereas a dependent rela­ being obtained to define how the parameter varies. tionship was found at Vancouver, Wash., about 270 miles below the reactors. Mathematical models of radio­ TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY GROUND WATER nuclide discharge at these two stations were used to Snake River Plain aquifer simulate radionuclide discharge prior to the period of A mass-balance study was made at the National F.eac- record in order to compute continuous inventories of tor Testing Station, Idaho, by J. B. Robertson to com­ radionuclides in the streambed of the Pasco-Vancouver pare the total amount of tritium injected into the dis­ reach. One of the objectives is to use these inventories posal well of the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant to determine whether the average quantity of radio­ (ICPP) to the amount presently remaining in basalt of nuclide storage in the streambed equals the depletion tte Snake River Plain aquifer as indicated by coroen- from the streambed by sediment transport and decay trations in observation wells. A total discharge of 21,500 of stored radionuclides (steady-state system), or curies in 14 years was calculated, of which about 14,000 whether the radionuclide inventory in the streambed is would remain after decay. Approximately the same increasing. quantity appears to be present in the upper part of the In connection with studies of the factors and processes ground-water body, suggesting that waste is not mov­ that influence the disposition of radionuclides in the ing downward in the aquifer. various environments of the Columbia River estuary, The movement of peak levels of tritium in the observa­ J. L. Glenn has found that oxidation-reduction poten-. tion wells was studied by J. B. Robertson to interpret tials range from +200 to 200 mv in surficial sediment the local flow characteristics of the basalt. The s^udy samples; high negative potentials are found in environ­ revealed the extreme anisotropic and nonhomoger eous A154 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE

nature of the aquifer system. Movement of the peak OUTSTANDING FLOODS OF 1967-68 tritium-concentration levels indicates ground-water velocities of 25 to 11 feet per day at points TOO feet Floods of April 1967 in northern Wisconsin caused and 2 miles, respectively, downgradient from the injec­ extensive damage tion well. The spring breakup came very suddenly in northern Wisconsin. Unseasonably high daytime temperatures UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE GASES and warm nights occurred at the end of March and quickly melted the heavy snow cover. Record peaks One-million cubic feet of air containing 1,000 curies occurred on streams throughout northern Wisconsin, of xenon-133 was injected through a well at a depth of and millions of dollars of damage resulted. Several 120 feet into unsaturated basalt at the National Eeactor counties were declared disaster areas. Testing Station, Idaho. The test was conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission and its contractors, as May 1967 flood peaks in central and western Tennessee well as by the Geological Survey. The injection rate approach record highs of 1,000 cfm required a pressure of about 1.5 psi. The Total rainfall in the Tennessee Eiver basin below xenon-133 arrived at 3 wells 400 feet away within 2 Chattanooga was the greatest for May since 1893. Near hours from the start of injection, indicating radial midmonth, extensive flooding on Little Bigby Creek, movement from the injection well, according to J. T. Baptist Branch, Sugar Creek, and Duck Ewer forced Barraclough. The xenon was subsequently detected in hundreds of families from their homes, inundated high­ 15 observation wells and at the land surface where the ways, destroyed bridges, and deposited tons of sand, capping playa deposits are thinnest. The rate of move­ gravel, and debris on fertile farmland. Flo'vd peaks at ment and concentrations of the gas appeared to be con­ gaging stations in central and western Tennessee were trolled primarily by the subsurface distribution of nearly the highest ever recorded, as a result of .heavy permeability. rains during May 12-15. The transfer of air between the atmosphere and the June 1967 floods in midcontinent region zone of aeration was investigated with the view toward Unusually heavy and frequent rain caused floods in applying the results to studies of the underground dis­ Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and along the posal of radioactive gases. A "breathing" well in basalt Missouri Eiver in Missouri. Flood damage vas reported at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, was to be greater than $100 million. instrumented by W. E. Teasdale to study air-flow rates, and the temperature and relative humidity of the sub­ According to a report by H. H. Schwob (r!462), an surface air. During periods of air exhaust, which are outstanding flood occurred on June T in the Wapsino- associated with falling barometric pressure, the air noc Creek basin in east-central Iowa following a storm, temperature remains steady and the relative humidity nearly centered over the 180-sq-mi basin, that dumped rises. Conversely, intake cycles, which are associated 4 to 13 inches of rain in 14 hours. Peak discharges were with rising barometric pressure, are characterized by the greatest recorded in the past 50 year" in eastern fluctuating air temperature and by lower but fluctuating Iowa for streams that drain areas ranging in size from relative humidity. The occurrence of storms imposes 40 to 180 sq mi. very rapid changes on the system. In Kansas, major floods occurred on many small western streams and most small eastern streams. Stor­ FLOODS age in reservoirs prevented significant floods on large rivers. Although most of the estimated $6 nillion dam­ Three major categories in the study of floods by the age was to agricultural land, the towns of Eichland, U.S. Geological Survey are (1) measurement of stage Bossville, and Osawatomi in northeastern Kansas were and discharge, (2) definition of the relation between the partly inundated. As an example of the he?vy rainfall, magnitude of floods and their frequency of occurence, June 1967 was reported by the Weather Bureau to be and (3) delineation of the extent of inundation of the wettest month in Topeka since records began in 18T8. flood plains by specific floods or by floods having spe­ According to a report by F. B. Shaffer and K. J. cific recurrence intervals. The following section, accord­ Braun (r0794), heavy rains during the first half of June ingly? is subdivided into discussions of outstanding caused widespread flooding in the Platte Eiver valley floods of 1967-68, flood-frequency studies, and flood in northeastern Hall and southwestern Morrick Coun­ mapping. ties, Nebr. Grand Island and vicinity suffered damage FLOODS A estimated at $6.3 million. About a third of the city in southern Texas, especially in the Rio Grande valley. was inundated and many residents were forced from Record-breaking floods occurred in the lower reaches of their homes. Thousands of acres of cropland were the Guadalupe, San Antonio, Mission, Aransas, and flooded; also bridges and highways were damaged Nueces Rivers. Peak discharge of the San Antonio severely. River at Goliad was the highest in nearly 100 years of Lowland flooding occurred in the White, Bad, and record. The total storm rainfall was more than 20 inches Cheyenne River basins in the south-central part of near the coast and nearly 8 inches near San Antonio, 140 South Dakota. New maximum discharges for the 18- miles inland. year period of record occurred in the lower reaches of Floods of December 1967 in Arizona the Little White River on June 12. The peak discharge Two major storms near mid December caused ex­ on June 18 on Bad River near Fort Pierre exceeded by tremely heavy snowfall in northern Arizona and at high 30 percent the previous maximum in 39 years of record. elevations throughout the State, and heavy rainfall in By the end of June, the Missouri River was above central and southern Arizona. Rain and melted mow flood stage along its entire length in Missouri. The flood caused damaging floods, whose peaks exceeded those of crest on June 30 at Hermann, 60 miles west of St. Louis, December 1965 on the Gila River and its tributaries was 9 feet above flood stage. The U.S. Army Corps of the Santa Cruz, Agua Fria, and San Pedro Rivers. Engineers estimated flood damage along the Missouri Peak discharge on the upper Santa Cruz River, between River in Missouri at $20 million. Nogales at the international boundary and Tucson, was Flood of August 1967 at Fairbanks, Alaska the highest since 1914 and may have exceeded the 1914 The disastrous flood of August 12-20 on the Chena peak at some sites. River at Fairbanks was caused by a general rainstorm Central New England floods of March 1968 that covered the Chena River basin and adjacent water­ Heavy rains falling on frozen ground during March sheds. Storm runoff caused numerous landslides, washed 17-18 caused severe floods in Rhode Island and eastern out roads and tree-covered river terraces, and covered Massachusetts during the third week in March. On the flood plain at Fairbanks with water reaching 5 feet March 19, the daily mean discharge of the Wading Fiver in depth. About half of the 30,000 inhabitants in the near Norton, Mass., was the highest in 43 year^ of Fairbanks area were evacuated, and 5 deaths were re­ ported. J. M. Childers and J. P. Meckel (r0332) de­ record. scribed the flood and delineated the inundated area in FLOOD-FREQUENCY STUDIES the vicinity of Fairbanks. Flood-frequency synthesis for small streams in Alabama Floods of August 1967 in Delaware, Maryland, northern L. B. Peirce has defined the functional relatior be­ Virginia, and metropolitan Washington, D.C. tween storm-rainfall characteristics and peak flo^r for R. H. Simmons reported that the storm of August 11 Alabama drainage basins, ranging in size from 5 to 3-4 in Delaware caused the loss of 3 lives and extensive 15 sq mi, on the basis of 5 to 10 years of concurrent rain­ damage to farm crops, highway fills, and bridges. The fall and streamflow records. Amount and duratkn of maximum precipitation rate for the storm indicates a rainfall, the antecedent rainfall, and a seasonal factor recurrence interval exceeding 100 years. New maximum were used as independent variables in a graphical rrnlti- peak discharges occurred at 56 percent of the streamflow ple regression to compute an array of annual peak flows gaging stations, and peak-discharge rates ranged from for each basin. Available long-term weather records 373 cf s per sq mi in the coastal plain in southern Dela­ make possible the synthesis of flood-frequency curves ware to 1,200 cfs per sq mi in the piedmont area of reflecting 50 to 70 years of hydrologic experience. The northern Delaware. relation between rainfall and peak flow has also been A week of intermittent rain climaxed by 5.5 to 6 inches found useful for determining critical storm duration at some points late on August 24 caused unusually high and the relation between rainfall frequency and flood flows in small streams in. the metropolitan area of frequency in a given basin. Washington, D.C., which includes parts of Maryland Magnitude and frequency of Missouri floods and northern Yirginia. A statistical analysis of flood peaks on unregulated Hurricane Beulah creates havoc in southern Texas streams in Missouri by E. H. Sandhaus and John Hurricane-caused rains and high winds resulted in Skelton has shown that the dominant independent vari­ widespread and severe damage in late September 1967 ables affecting flood-frequency relations for Missouri A156 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE streams are size of drainage basin and stream slope. velopment. The key to the study is an analysis of the Two other independent variables mean annual pre­ effects of urbanization on floodflows. The time for water cipitation and basin altitude had some effect on the to discharge from a basin is drastically reduced by in­ accuracy of the relations; however, the improvement stallation of storm sewers. This, coupled vnth reduced in the standard error of estimate did not justify use of infiltration from paved areas, can greatly increase peak these two variables in the equations. flows. The study showed that the mean-r.nnual flood peak for a completely sewered urban watershed is about Flood-frequency relations for small drainage basins 4 to 6 times greater than that of a comparable rural in Montana watershed, and that the 100-year flood is about 2 A report by F. C. Boner and K. J. Omang (r2167) to 3 times greater than that for a comparable rural presents a method for determining the magnitude of watershed. floods with 10- and 25-year recurrence intervals from drainage areas of less than 100 sq mi in Montana. Curves show the relation of the 10-year flood to basin character­ WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION istics. In most of the mountainous areas of Montana, the size of drainage basin and the average annual run­ The development and use of water in many areas are off were found to be important factors in determining restricted or complicated by the presence of undesirable the magnitude of the 10-year flood. Only the size of waste products and natural constituents in surface and drainage basin was used as an independent variable in ground waters. To study these undesirable water con­ the remainder of the State. Ratios between the 25-year taminants, the Geological Survey conducts basic re­ flood and the 10-year flood are given for each of the search and area! investigations that defin** the causes 13 regions to obtain the magnitude of the 25-year flood. and the extent of contamination in the natrral environ­ ment. FLOOD MAPPING Pesticide survey in southern Florida Twenty-one aquatic sites in and near Everglades Na­ Flood-inundation maps of urban areas tional Park were sampled in a survey of residues of 10 To assist the Appalachian Regional Commission, a common chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Accord­ flood-mapping project was initiated in 1967. Hypotheti­ ing to M. C. Kolipinski and A. L. Higer, the waters were cal floods having recurrence intervals of 5, 25, and 50 relatively free of the insecticides, having average con­ years will be delineated on maps for each of 14 selected centrations of less than 0.01 ^g/1. This amount appears sites in 8 States in Appalachia; the maps will be pub­ low considering that more than 5 million pounds of lished as hydrologie-investigations atlases. Eleven of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides the 14 atlases have been completed, and are in press. was applied for agricultural and domestic use. How­ In response to recommendations in House Document ever, additional field data relating to other environ­ 465, the Geological Survey conducted a pilot project mental factors such as soils, plants, and animals indi­ in IT States to determine the feasibility of rapidly de­ cate that a considerable buildup of insect" cides in the lineating flood-prone areas on maps on the basis of milligram-per-liter range occurs in soirth Florida readily available flood information. A total of 400 quad­ ecosystems. rangle sheets were mapped during the year. The results Dissolved oxygen in Pearl River, Miss. of the pilot project will serve as a guide for decisions The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the Pearl concerning a proposal to delineate flood-prone areas River increases downstream for the 150-mile reach from throughout the conterminous United States. Georgetown, Miss., to Bogalusa, La., during periods of Flood-inundation study for urban areas low and median streamflow. According to D. E. Shat- Urban and suburban development has a striking effect tles, this increase indicates recovery of the stream from on flood flows. During the current year, D. G. Anderson the effects of waste disposal in the Jackson area up­ and F. P. Kapinos prepared 15 flood-inundation maps stream. The lowest values of dissolved oxygen were ob­ for 2 small streams in Fairfax County, Va. The large- served at Georgetown, where the concentration ranged scale maps (1:1,200; contour interval 2 feet), which from 5.3 to 5.8 mg/1 and the saturation from 57 to 64 have been released to the open file, portray flood-hazard percent. At 10 sites along the river reach studied, there areas for floods having recurrence intervals of 25, 50, was little diurnal variation in the dissoVed-oxygen and 100 years under conditions of ultimate urban de­ level. In general, the dissolved-oxygen values were WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION A157 higher during the October 1966 low-flow period than Strip-mine drainage in Cane Branch, Ky. during the May 1967 median-flow period, because the An 11-year study of the hydrologic environment of water was cooler in October. the basin of Cane Branch, a small stream in the Cumber­ Dissolved -oxygen in Duwamish River estuary, land Mountains of Kentucky, shows that strip mining of Washington coal has a strong influence on the quality of water. J. J. According to J. D. Stoner, the surface dissolved- Musser and R. J. Pickering report that the quality of oxygen concentration in the Duwamish estuary water in Cane Branch, which became a highly min­ decreases downstream, while the concentration at the eralized acid stream as a result of the mining, 1 *s bottom increases upstream from the mouth to about recovered to a limited degree only since mining ceared river-mile 4.85. The lowest dissolved-oxygen concen­ in 1959. During a 6-year period, leaching of the spoil tration in the estuary, however, occurs in the vicinity banks created by the mining produced a net dissolvfxl- of river-mile 4.85 at the bottom, where values as low as solids load of 14,000 tons per square mile of spoil bank. 0.8 mg/1 have been recorded. Data for the estuary since This rate of chemical weathering is 126 times greater 1948 indicate that the annual minimum dissolved- than the rate in unmined portions of the basin. The oxygen levels are declining. effect of acid mine drainage persists for about 3 miles downstream from the mined area. Oxygenation coefficients in Passaic River basin, New Jersey Water quality improves in Little River basin, Louisiana Oxygenation coefficients were computed by T. J. The chloride content of water from brine-affected Buchanan and O. O. Williams for streams in the Pas­ reaches of the Little River has decreased significantly. saic River basin of northeastern New Jersey for 3 dif­ M. W. Gaydos, J. E. Rogers, and R. P. Smith report a ferent discharges. They are based on an empirical rela­ tenfold decrease in chloride content from previously tionship that included both hydraulic and geometric observed values, which exceeded 9,000 mg/1 under simi­ parameters. The discharges ranged from 16 to 740 cfs lar flow conditions. The reduction is due to Louisiana's and the oxygenation coefficients ranged from 0.006 to pollution-abatement measures, which ban surface dis­ 9.78. The coefficients are being used to compute the effect posal of brine from oil-field operations. of waste-water discharge on the dissolved oxygen in the Brine contamination in southwestern New York river system. A study of the water resources of the Allegheny Relationship of soils to stream quality in Pennsylvania River basin in New York by R. R. Shields and M. H. The effect of soils on the natural quality of water is Frimpter shows that several tributaries are contami­ being evaluated as part of a study of eutrophication nated by oil-field brine discharged from oil-separat'on of Pennsylvania impoundments. A. N. Ott reports that tanks. Contamination is most serious during periods of a correlation exists between the electrical conductance low streamflow. The most active oil-producing area lies of stream water at low base flow and the exchange within the 13.4-sq mi drainage basin of Chipmunk capacity and exchangeable-base content of the basin Creek. At near-median streamflow (15 cfs) the spec; fic soils. Indirect effects of soil fertility are displayed in conductance of Chipmunk Creek is 3,100 jtmhos; at the both the vegetation and sediments derived from the lower flow of 4 cfs, the conductance is 12,000 /amhos. soil. The high-quality soils not only yield larger Ground-water contamination by salt washed fr^m amounts of vegetation than those of poor quality, but highways the vegetation contains larger amounts of nutrients. Investigations of the chloride contamination of Trace metals in sewage effluent at Seattle, Wash. ground water from the wintertime application of high­ J. F. Santos reports that treated sewage effluent from way salt have been going on since 1964 in Massachusetts. the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle contains sig­ S. J. Pollock and W. W. Caswell indicate that during nificant quantities of trace metals. Treated effluent from, 1967, chloride in quantities detrimental to domestic the plant's sewer outfall at Renton Junction contained water users was detected in shallow aquifers for the first cadmium and chromium in concentrations greater than time since the beginning of the study. Higher concen­ 100 /Kg/1. Copper, nickel, and zinc also were present in trations of chloride were noted in places where the appreciable amounts. Downstream from the sewer out­ water table is more than 15 feet below the land surface. fall, cadmium, chromium, copper, and zinc were par­ This higher accumulation probably resulted from abo^e- tially removed from solution during transit through normal precipitation in 1967 that passed through a a 1.7-mile reach of the Duwamish River estuarv. greater vertical distance in the ground before reaching A158 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE the water table, and dissolved more of the salt that Chromium values for these samples were tabulated, had accumulated above the water table during preced­ and a cumulative percent-frequency curve fov the values ing drought years. was compiled. From this curve the following percentile values for chromium were obtained: P10 =1f7 ppm, P2Q = Underground disposal -of liquid industrial wastes 27 ppm, P50 (median) =45 ppm, Pso 73 ppm, and D. A. Goolsby is evaluating the chemical and hydro- JP9o=95 ppm. It is apparent that chromium concentra­ logic effects of underground waste disposal through tions as high as 200 ppm are exceedingly rar?, in United deep wells near Pensacola, Fla. An average of 2 mgd States soils, and this study of one element suggests that of industrial waste has been injected since mid-1963. commonly accepted average contents of all metals in Major constituents in the wastes are nitric acid, am­ soils should be similarly reviewed. monium salts, boric acid, and a variety of organic acid, nitriles, and ketones. The pH of injected material is Metal content of plants and soils adjusted to about 5.5 with aqueous ammonia. Contamination of soils and vegetables f mri naturally The limestone aquifer into which the waste is in­ occurring metal concentrations and also as a result of jected extends 1,370 to 1,730 feet below sea level and is air pollution is being appraised in several areas. Soils overlain by a clay aquiclude 220 feet thick. Present and vegetables were collected by H. L. Cannon from well-head injection pressures are about 220 psig, and the Manning peat bog, Orleans County, F.Y., to de­ the pressure influence probably extends outward 15 to termine the distribution of all metals in the peat and 20 miles. No pressure increase or contaminant from the vegetables and to assess the possibility of excesses of waste has been detected above the clay aquiclude. A lead and cadmium in an area previously determined monitor well penetrating the aquifer is located about to contain abnormal concentrations of zinc. A reap­ 1,300 feet from the injection wells. Chemical effects of praisal of lead levels in soils and vegetables in south­ the waste were detected in this well about 8 months after eastern Washington County, Md., as relatec1 to distance injection began. Evolution of methane and nitrogen from roads, shows a noticeable increase of bad in vege­ when water is withdrawn from the well, and the pres­ tables grown within 25 feet of a road, but there is no sure reduced to atmospheric pressure, indicates decom­ consistent increase of lead in the soils. This suggests position of organic compounds and nitrate reduction. that lead in organic compounds from car exhaust is more available for uptake by plants than is lead that occurs in minerals in the substrate. DISTRIBUTION OF MINOR ELEMENTS AS RELATED TO HEALTH LAND SUBSIDENCE

The U.S. Geological Survey is investigating the rela­ Studies of land subsidence caused by artesian-head tionship of minor-element distribution of various dis­ decline are contributing to knowledge of the physical eases or pathological conditions indigenous to particular and hydrologic properties of leaky compressible aquifer areas. Some subjects of current interest include the dis­ systems, primarily through observing the response of tribution of strontium in comparison with incidence of these systems to change in applied stress. Tl ^ volume of dental caries, contamination of soils and vegetables by subsidence is a measure of the quantity of ground water lead from automobile exhaust, and the effect of chro­ yielded from storage by compaction of the fine-grained mium deficiency on health. beds in the aquifer system. Chromium content of United States soils Subsidence due to ground-water and oil ar*i gas with­ Because of the interest among nutritionists in the ef­ drawal fects of a chromium deficiency on health, M. E. Stro- A report by B. E. Lofgren and R. L. Klausing bell has examined the validity of the widely quoted aver­ (r!324) on land subsidence in the southeastern San age value reported in Russian literature of 200 ppm Cr Joaquin Valley indicates that during the period 1950- in worldwide soils. A statistical study was made of 62, 1.4 million acre-ft of subsidence occurred in the chromium values of samples from 691 locations in the Tulare-Wasco area as a result of pumping about 13.5 conterminous United States collected along east-west million acre-ft of ground water. The volume of subsi­ and north-south highways at 50-mile intervals by Geo­ dence, therefore, represents about 10 percent of the logical Survey personnel and analyzed spectrographi- total ground-water pumpage. The report also shows cally in Survey laboratories. that land subsidence can be effectively stopped by rais- LAND SUBSIDENCE A159 ing ground-water levels sufficiently to eliminate all Nearly all the cracks outside the areas of widespread excess pore pressures in the aquitards; this has been historic near-surface subsidence were the result of pre­ demonstrated during years of plentiful surface-water historic compaction due to wetting caused by stream- supply in the service area of the Bureau of Reclama­ flows. Earlier studies dealt mainly with surface tion's Friant-Kern Canal in Tulare and Kern Counties. settlement. The study of cracks adds substantially to The volume of subsidence caused by water-level de­ the fundamental background regarding near-surface cline is a direct measure of pore-volume reduction and subsidence in this area. of the water yielded by compaction of sediments. J. F. Elastic component of aquifer-system compaction and Poland finds that by 1966, the volume of ground water expansion, studied that had been yielded by compaction of sediments in the 3 major areas of land subsidence in the San Joaquin Intrepretation of records from compaction recorders Valley was about 11 million acre-ft; this volume is ap­ by W. B. Bull in the west-central San Joaquin Vrlley proximately equal to the gross pumpage of ground indicates that elastic compaction makes up only a small water from the entire San Joaquin Valley for the year part of the long-term compaction which occurs in the 1964. areas of intense land subsidence between Los Banos From analysis of repeated leveling of the U.S. Coast and Kettleman City. At one site, the elastic compaction and Geodetic Survey, B. E. Lofgren finds that measur­ is only 5 percent of the inelastic compaction that has able subsidence has occurred in the southern San caused 8 feet of land subsidence. Joaquin Valley owing to the extraction of oil and gas. Net expansion of the aquifer system recorded at 3 As much as 1.6 feet of subsidence occurred in one of the sites during times of head recovery indicates that under major oil fields southwest of Bakersfield between 1935 existing conditions only 1 to 10 feet of head recovery and 1965. Only a few bench marks in the producing is needed to cause a change from recorded compaction fields have adequate control for computing subsidence; to recorded expansion. The net specific-unit expansion also, in many of the fields, most of the oil was produced (the measured increase in thickness of the aquifer sys­ prior to establishment of the leveling control. There­ tem per foot of thickness of the deposits per unit de­ fore, the full magnitude of oil-field subsidence is not crease in applied stress as indicated by water-level rise) known. ranges from 1.4 X10-6 for a site where the deposits The direct cause of subsidence in areas of excessive consist of fine-grained clayey sediments, to YX10~6 ground-water pumpage is the change in effective stress for a site where the deposits consist largely of coarse­ in the deposits due to change in ground-water levels. grained micaceous sand. As demonstrated by B. E. Lofgren (p. B219-B225), Subsidence in Antelope Valley, Calif. water-level changes may change effective stresses in two ways: (1) fluctuations in the water table change Bench marks in the Lancaster area of Antelope Val­ the effective stress due to a change in the buoyant sup­ ley, Los Angeles County, were releveled by Los Angeles port of grains in the zone of the change, and (2) a County in 1967. In comparing present elevations with change in the position of the water table or the piezo- 1955 and 1961 leveling by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic metric surface (artesian head), or both, that induces hy­ Survey, R. E. Lewis and R. E. Miller report 2 feet of draulic gradients across confining beds produces seep­ subsidence in Lancaster (1955-67), and an estimated age stresses which are algebraically additive to subsidence of 2.2 feet 6 to 10 miles east. Water levels gravitational stresses. Thus, to compute changes in in the areas of most rapid subsidence have declined 4 to 9 stress that cause subsidence, changes of the water table feet per year in the 12-year period. The average rate of and of the head in underlying confined aquifers must subsidence of bench mark 2335 in Lancaster ha? in­ be known. creased from 0.03 foot per year (1926-55) to 0.17 foot per year (1955-67). Prehistoric near-surface subsidence study completed W. B. Bull completed a study of near-surface sub­ Subsidence in Eloy area, Arizona, exceeds 7 feet sidence cracks filled with eluviated clay along 100 miles Early in 1967, the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey re- of canal and stream-channel banks in western Fresno leveled a first-order loop in south-central Arizona from County, Calif. Many of the cracks in areas of wide­ Gila Bend east through Casa Grande and Eloy, north spread historic near-surface subsidence are the result via Florence past Phoenix, and then west and south of compaction due to wetting associated with agricul­ through Hassayampa to Gila Bend. Comparison with tural development, but some cracks are prehistoric. leveling of 1948^9 in the Eloy area by J. F. Poland and A160 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY APPLIED TO ENGINEERING AND THE PUBLIC WELFARE R. L. Ireland reveals that subsidence in the 18-year about 4 feet at La Palma. Other releveling ir 1952,1960, period increased from 0.4 at Casa Grande to 7.35 feet and 1964 indicates that most of the subsidence occurred near Eloy and was 4 feet at Picacho. North of Picacho between 1952 and 1964, suggesting that decline of the along the Southern Pacific Railroad, subsidence in- water level in wells probably was most rapid in that creased to a maximum of 7.5 feet 4 miles north and was period. ASTROGEOLOGY

LUNAR STUDIES struments on Surveyors V and VI that showed mare material to be of probable basaltic composition. Before mapping was begun on Lunar Orbiter photo­ Study of the results of the Surveyor missions by the graphs, lunar investigations had been based on geologic Geological Survey, led by E. M. Shoemaker, E. C. Mor­ mapping of the Moon from telescopic data at a scale of ris, and H. E. Holt, have concentrated*on interpreta­ 1:1,000,000. Figure 5 summarizes the status of the tion of television pictures returned by the spacecraft. mapping. Preliminary analysis shows that the mare surface in each of the photographed areas is covered by a low- SURVEYOR INVESTIGATIONS cohesion layer of fragmental debris probably derived by prolonged bombardment of the surface by solid par­ Surveyor soft-landing missions III, V, and VI alter­ ticles. The debris layer, or regolith, varies in thicl'ness nated with Lunar Orbiter missions during 1967, con­ at each of the landing sites; the thickness apparently is tinuing the closeup studies of the lunar surface begun a function of the age of the surface. The youngest sur­ the previous year by Surveyor I. A major achievement face is at the Surveyor I site in Oceanus Prooellarum, was the elemental analysis by alpha-backscattering in­ where the debris layer is 1 to 2 m thick. The oldest sur-

EXPLANATION

Preliminary uncolored map

Mapping in progress, to be completed in calendar year 1968

SCALE 1:1,000,000

FIGUKE 5. Index map of the Moon, showing status of geologic mapping at a scale of 1:1,000,000. LAC (Lunar Atlas Chart of Aeronautical Chart and Information Center) number and name are given in each region. I- numbers identify maps in the U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations series. A161 A162 ASTROGEOLOGY face is at the Surveyor VI site in Sinus Medii, where principal source of lunar geologic information. Orbiter the layer is 10 to 20 m thick. The median grain size of photographs are being applied to both detailed and re­ the fragmental material is also dependent upon the gional mapping projects. High-resolution pi otographs age of the surface. There are more fragments per unit (1-20 m) returned by Orbiter missions I, II, III, and area larger than 2 to 3 cm and fewer fragments finer V are being used for mapping in support of the Apollo than 2 to 3 cm at the Surveyor I site than at the older program of potential manned-landing siter in niaria Surveyor VI site. The size-frequency distribution of of the equatorial belt and in other, scientifically more small craters, from a few centimeters to 100 m in diam­ interesting, areas. Photography returned I y mission eter, is similar at each of the landing sites and follows IV of the entire earthward side at resolutions of 60 to generally an extrapolation of the average distribution of 100 m is being used to continue the series of lunar geo­ craters on the lunar plains determined from Ranger logic maps at a scale of 1:1,000,000 begun by telescopic VII, VIII, and IX pictures. means and to construct a map of a large part of the The fine-scale photometric .properties of the four earthward side at 1: 5,000,000. Mapping of the far side widely separated lunar mare areas also are similar. will be undertaken from the nearly complete coverage The albedo (normal reflectance) of the fine-grained un­ assembled by the five missions. disturbed surface ranges from 7.3 to 8.5 percent, while Early Apollo site mapping the rock fragments are noticeably lighter and have an In the spring of 1967, NASA selected 8 sites within estimated albedo of 14 to 19 percent. The photometric the equatorial belt of the Moon photographed by the function of the fine-grained material is similar to the first 3 Lunar Orbiters as potential early ApoUo landing lunar photometric function measured telescopically, while the rock fragments have a more Lambertian func­ spots. The Survey has prepared geologic maps in pre­ tion. The fine-grained material at depths of only a milli­ liminary form of each of the 8 sites at a scale of meter or two that was exposed by the spacecraft foot­ 1:100,000 (approximately 2,500 sq km each) and of the pads and by fragments rolling across the surface has an most attractive landing spots within each site at a scale albedo 10 to 25 percent lower than that of the undis­ of 1: 25,000 (approximately 100 sq km each). turbed surface. This rather sharp contact between mate­ The eight areas are covered with craters apparently in rials of contrasting optical properties at widely sepa­ various stages of destruction. Crater materials have rated localities on the lunar maria suggests that some been mapped according to their relative age, as esti­ mated from the morphology of the craters and fine process lightens the material at the surface and that some complementary process of darkening occurs at details of the floors and exterior rims. Virtually all the depths of a few millimeters and more in such a way that craters apparently belong to the Copernican System of the abrupt albedo contact is not destroyed by repeated the lunar geologic-time scale; the Copernican .System turnover of the lunar surface by solid-particle bombard­ has been divided into eight subdivisions for the pur­ ment. Color filters revealed no significant color dif­ poses of large-scale mapping. Seven of the eight land­ ferences in the various surficial materials, which all ing sites lie within mare material; one lies within appeared gray. material with properties that appear to be transitional Slope data and topographic profiles are being ex­ between mare and terra. The mare material in three tracted by photoclinometric methods, which under con­ sites in western Oceanus Procellarum, mapped by S. R. trolled conditions can produce results within ±2° of Titley, T. W. Offield, Jerry Harbour, D^vid Cum- the actual measured slope. Under the normal condi­ mings, P. J. Cannon, and M. N. West, is believed to be tions of lunar photography, photoclinometrically younger than that in sites in the central rnd eastern derived slope data were usually a few degrees in error parts of the equatorial belt, mapped by H. A. Pohn, T. and the topographic profiles rapidly accumulated A. Mutch, R. S. Saunders, H. G. Wilshire, L C. Rowan, significant errors. N. J. Trask, and M. J. Grolier. The western sites have (1) fewer large old craters, (2) more conspicuous re­ LUNAR ORBITER INVESTIGATIONS solvable blocks around small young crater? and (3) fresher appearing structural features such a? ridges and The Unmanned Lunar Orbiter project of the National small domes than do the central and eastern sites. The Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), suc­ area with properties transitional between mare and cessfully completed in 1967, has produced a rich terra, mapped by M. H. Carr and D. E. Wilhelms, has photographic-data bank that supersedes Earth-based fewer small craters than the other sites but a comparable telescopic photographs and visual observations as the number of large subdued craters, suggesting the pres- LUNAR STUDIES A163 ence of deposits of relatively young material covering Montes Cordillera, which is 930 km in diameter and up an older cratered terrain. to 3,000 m high. Coarse to fine radially braided material surrounding the cordillera scarp and extending outward Lunar Orbiter V scientific sites 300 to 500 km is the most extensive among the five re­ Although the first three Lunar Orbiter missions in­ gional stratigraphic units that can be recognized in and cluded targets of strictly scientific interest along with around the basin. The well-preserved texture of this the early Apollo landing sites, Mission V is the only blanket clearly suggests surface flowage radially out­ mission devoted mainly to high-resolution (2^-20 m) ward from the basin. Other convincing evidence of this photography of scientifically interesting sites and is flowage includes numerous "deceleration dunes" at the the mission upon which planning of most manned ex­ base of topographic obstacles, especially distal crater ploration after the first few landings will be based. walls, some 200 to 300 km from the cordillera scarp. Among the many superb photographs obtained in Au­ Harold Masursky and J. F. McCauley have pointec1 out gust 1967 by Mission V, the most nearly operationally that deposits with these braids and dunes probably re­ flawless of all the missions, particularly noteworthy sult from a "base-surge" mechanism of the type known were those of the young craters Aristarchus, Tycho, to occur in terrestrial nuclear and high-explosive ex­ and Copernicus with their incredible detail of "ponds", periments. The large field of secondary craters around flows, blocks, and fractures; the smaller fresh craters the basin is additional strong evidence for an impact Censorinus, Petavius B, Dawes, Stevinus A, Copernicus origin. The concentric scarps apparently result from H, Dionysius, and Messier; small fresh volcanic fea­ early compressive failure of large crustal segments tures such as the Hyginus Rille craters, Rima Bode II during initial shock-wave propagation and later gravi­ crater, Cruithuisen-region domes and craters, Tobias tational collapse. Through comparison with features of Mayer dome, and the Marius Hills; young dark vol­ the young Orientale basin, the less well preserved older canic deposits such as those near Littrow, Sulpicius basins of presumed impact origin such as Imbrium, Gallus, Copernicus CD, Rima Bode II, and the Aristar­ Humorum, and Crisium can be better understood, and chus Plateau; sinuous rilles such as Hadley, Rima Plato the structures and deposits formed simultaneously with II, Schroter's Valley, and those of the Harbinger the basin can be distinguished from erosionally pro­ Mountains; distinct flows in Mare Imbrium; and old duced land features and deposits formed after the b^-sin. terrains such as Eratosthenes, Gassendi, and the Altai A byproduct of Orbiter IV photographs of the I Tare Scarp, which will help calibrate young terrains. Sev­ Orientale basin is a means for distinguishing Ir.rge- eral sites (Marius, Hadley, Tycho) have been mapped diameter (more than 20 km) craters of impact and vol­ and more will be studied intensively as potential late- canic origin. Whereas the impact origin of many large Apollo landing sites. An exploration program is now lunar craters and the volcanic origin of many small ones being planned to insure the most efficient study of this have been established beyond reasonable doubt for some rich set of sites. time, large volcanic craters have not been so surely iden­ Lunar Orbiter IV regional studies tified, although their presence has been strongly sus­ pected. J. F. McCauley and R. E. Eggletoii have The fourth Lunar Orbiter mission, which was flown described two round craters with different rim in May 1967, may prove to be the most valuable to lunar morphology which cannot be due to a difference of. age geologic studies because of its wide areal coverage. An or erosional history, because both craters appear fresh example of the value of Mission IV photography is illus­ and are superposed on fresh features of the young trated by the study of the basin of Mare Orientale. Orientale basin. One crater, about 55 km in diameter, Orbiter IV photographs have confirmed interpretations made by Earth-based means that the multiring Orientale has a morphology previously explained in other craters basin, located on the Moon's west limb and only partly such as Copernicus as impact produced: this comprises seen from Earth, is the youngest of the large lunar a rough inner rim facies with arcuate convex-outward basins. The superb Orbiter IV photographs also show terraces, an outer rim facies of low radial ridges and much fresh and largely unexpected detail of structures grooves, and a well-developed surrounding field of and geologic units in and near the basin that are con­ secondary craters. The other crater, about 35 km in sistent with an impact origin for the basin. Orientale is diameter, has features that are unlikely in a fresh im­ only partly filled with mare material and is completely pact crater but are expectable in a caldera or other surrounded by four fresh inward-facing scarps or rings, volcanic crater: these consist of rim material that is the best developed of which is coincident with the smooth or undulating and without conspicuous con- A164 ASTROGEOLOGY centric or radial features all the way from the rim been continued by D. E. Stuart-Alexander. Intrusive crest to contact with the Orientale basin material, and materials are of two main types: (1) a matrix of igne­ a complete absence of secondary craters. These mor­ ous minerals with varying proportions of xenoliths, and phologic characteristics will help to identify the larger (2) disaggregated sedimentary rocks that wer«, admixed impact and volcanic craters in other lunar regions. with minor amounts of igneous xenocrysts, and rece- mented. Zones within the diatreme apparent^ were loci for repeated explosive activity, whereas thin layers and TERRESTRIAL ANALOGS OF dikes, both inside and outside the diatreme, were em- LUNAR FEATURES placed as single injections. Magnesite is abundant in the matrix of igneous materials, which is consistent with Investigations of volcanic landf orms and impact and an ultramafic composition and indicates that CO2 was explosive eruption craters on Earth are carried out an important explosive agent. with an eye to explaining features observed on the White Sands, N. Mex. Moon. Some examples of how terrestrial observations Other terrestrial investigations are of impact craters of overall morphology can be applied to Lunar Orbiter and their analogs. H. J. Moore, in continuing studies photographs are given in the following paragraphs. at White Sands Missile Range, has found that craters San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona produced in natural materials by high-velocity missile Analogs of many of the volcanic forms observed by impacts, and therefore analogous to lunar impact cra­ J. F. McCauley in the San Francisco field north of ters, are about the same size as craters produced by Flagstaff can be recognized in Orbiter photographs chemical explosives detonated at shallow depth when of the Marius Hills region of the Moon. These include the kinetic energies of the missiles are the same as the simple cinder mounds, linear vents, and coalesced chain energy release of the explosives. Similar types of defor­ craters. The distribution of most cones and domes in mation of materials in and around the target were the San Francisco field is controlled by regional struc­ found at missile-impact and explosive-crater sites. tural patterns. Zones of mixing, plastic deformation, and elastic- Lunar Crater, Nev. plastic deformation are found for both types of craters. In a detailed structural study of the Lunar Crater Accordingly, certain data acquired from explosive area, Nye County, Nev., D. H. Scott and N. J. Trask craters can now be applied more confidently to lunar have found that a series of basaltic vents are alined craters. along lineaments which project toward well-exposed Flynn Creek, Tenn. normal faults in the surrounding Tertiary ignimbrites. Surface geologic mapping combined with recent core Many of the normal faults appear to converge along drilling under the direction of D. J. Roddy indicates strike toward a common center located southwest of that the Flynn Creek crater contains a very shallow, Lunar Crater. Ultramafic inclusions of periodotite, bowl-shaped lens of breccia underlain by faulted and pyroxenite, dunite, and gabbro are present in the flows folded limestone. Six 2%-inch diameter cores were and ejecta around 2 cinder cones 5 and 10 km north of drilled along an east-west line within the crater and Lunar Crater. Explosive eruptions were evidently re­ came from depths between 276 and 596 feet. The drilling sponsible for the formation of Lunar Crater, which has information at Flynn Creek confirms that this shallow a raised rim of ejecta including blocks of country rock breccia lens is not part of a breccia pipe. T^e shallow up to 2 m in diameter. This explosiveness may have lower boundary of the chaotic breccia and the decrease continued, though somewhat abated, through the time in deformation of the rocks below the breccia lens in­ of formation of the younger cider cones north of Lunar dicate an origin involving surface deformation; that is, Crater and may be responsible for the presence of in­ an impact. The very thin breccia lens, the absence of clusions of deep-seated material. Deep-seated material mineralization and of volcanic or meteoritic materials, may also be associated with some volcanic features on the types of rim deformation, and the central uplift are the Moon, such as maar-type craters. consistent with the hypothesis of impact by a low-den­ Mule Ear diatreme, southeastern Utah sity body. The absence of lake deposits and of a fallback Detailed mapping of the Mule Ear diatreme, San zone and the presence of bedded dolomitic breccia with Juan County, an example of the root of a maar, was marine conodonts in the crater suggest that the initially begun by E. M. Shoemaker and H. J. Moore and has shallow waters of the Chattanooga sea w^,re present MANNED LUNAR-EXPLORATION METHODS A165 when the crater was formed and imply an early Late of shock deformation suggest that it is the eroded root Devonian age. The asymmetry of the surface deforma­ of an impact crater that was between 3 and 8 miles in tion suggests that the trajectory of the impacting body diameter. was from the southeast to the northwest. Crosses Bluff, Australia. The second structure stud­ Chemical-explosion craters in Canada ied, Gosses Bluff, 130 miles west of Alice Springs, Aus­ tralia, has been partly mapped by D. J. Milton and A geologic study of the chemical-explosion crater Dis­ P. R. Brett as part of a joint project of the Buref.u of tant Plain No. 6 was completed by D. J. Roddy as part Mineral Resources of Australia and the U.S. Geological of the structural analog comparisons with impact cra­ Survey. Gosses Bluff is situated at the center of a zone ters, in particular the Flynn Creek crater. In July 1967, about 15 miles in diameter in which otherwise flat-l^ing the Defense Research Establishment, Alberta, Canada, Paleozoic strata have been intensely disturbed. Gosses detonated 100 tons of TNT in the shape of a sphere ly­ Bluff itself is an annular range 3 miles across and 800 ing tangent to the ground surface. A crater about 30 m feet high composed mainly of sandstone, enclosing a in diameter and 5.5 m deep was formed in unconsoli- central hollow underlain by shale, limestone, and weaker dated flat-lying alluvium and lacustrine sediments. A sandstone. The bluff and the central low consist of imbri­ well-defined central mound about 2 m high occupied all cated, steeply dipping, outward-facing bedrock plates of the crater floor and contained beds structurally uplifted as much as 10,000 feet from their original po­ uplifted 3 to 5 m. Excavations of the central uplift sition. Structural details indicate tangential relative show that the internal structure is nearly identical to displacement between plates resulting from movement the tightly folded dome formed in the central mound inward as well as upward, so that the mean perun&ter of a 100-m-diameter crater produced by a 500-ton TNT along which any bed crops out is shorter thai the surface hemisphere experiment. Most of the ejecta and perimeter originally occupied. At the level of the pres­ fallback consist of sheared blocks produced by com­ ent outcrop some weaker beds were fragmented during pression of the upper meter of soil. Geologic studies emplacement to form monomict breccias lying between of rim uplift, faults, and folds concentric to the crater plates of the stronger rocks. Some plates of we^-ce- indicate that they are comparable in position and type mented sandstone transiently stood as walls and then to deformation in the rims of the Flynn Creek crater. toppled outward, or were perhaps propelled by their Analogs of lunar craters with central peaks original momentum, to lie as overturned blocks on breccia of the weaker rocks. Folding and faulting ^ith- Sierra Madera, Tex. One analog is the Sierra Ma- dera structure, which consists of deformed Permian and in individual bedrock plates is relatively minor. Shatter fracturing is, however, nearly ubiquitous. In some strata Cretaceous rocks at the southern edge of the Delaware it is expressed as the familiar cones, in others as inter­ basin in west Texas. It is a circular zone 7^ miles across. Mapping has been completed by H. G. Wilshire, secting sets of striated planar fractures. The structure, the shatter fracturing, and petrographic evidence of T. W. Offield, David Cuummings, and K. A. Howard. shock have convinced Milton and Brett that Gosses Inward from a belt of concentrically faulted and folded rock marking the outer limit of the structure is a ring- Bluff is the central uplift of an impact structure. Tho ab­ shaped depression that in turn encloses a marked cen­ sence of mixed breccia beneath the toppled walls sug­ gests that uplift occurred before the fallback settl^. tral uplift. High structural relief and intense folding, faulting, and brecciation are evident at the surface, but drill holes show that these structures die out at a depth MANNED LUNAR-EXPLORATION METHODS of 6,000 to 8,000 feet. Shatter cones in the Permian rocks point inward and upward toward a central focus if the The Geological Survey's program related to manned beds are restored to horizontal, indicating that they re­ exploration on the lunar surface includes geologic train­ sulted from a central source of energy before the cen­ ing of astronauts, development of methods and pro­ tral uplift formed. Individual minerals, especially in cedures for conducting lunar geologic field investiga­ breccias of mixed lithologies in the central uplift, show tions, developing and testing analytical equipment and extensive damage of a type known primarily in natu­ instruments for use on the lunar surface, developing rally and artificially shocked materials. The location of methods for gathering and analyzing data transmitted Sierra Madera in a broad area of otherwise mildly de­ from the lunar surface to the Earth, and develcning formed rocks, its lack of relationship to regional struc­ plans for geologic exploration. In addition, geological ture, its detailed and overall geometry, and many signs and geophysical studies are carried out on terrestrial A166 ASTROGEOLOGY analogs of lunar features, and on field sites to be used to volcanic vents buried beneath the alluvium. The grav­ for developing and testing procedures and instruments ity map shows several perturbations superimposed on and for training personnel for lunar missions. A geo­ the strong regional gradient. Quantitative analysis of physical observatory, equipped with a 3-component these perturbations is underway. standard seismometer and a continuously recording Seismic studies by R. H. Godson and H. D. Acker- magnetometer, is operated to support development of mann, and gravity and magnetic surveys by R. D. Regan, lunar geophysical investigations and telemetry and were conducted at Meteor Crater, central Arizona. The analytical systems. residual-gravity map shows a circular low of 0.8 mgal Astronaut training centered on the crater, and an elongated low of 0.45 mgal Astronauts of the fourth and fifth groups have com­ on the western rim. Calculations based on the average pleted courses of basic training in geology. The Geo­ outward gradient indicate that the disturbing mass is logical Survey conducted 10 lectures at the Manned less than 1,500 feet below the bottom of the crater. No Spacecraft Center, Houston, Tex., on the following pronounced anomaly is evident from the magnetic data. topics: A geologic approach to meteorites, D. P. Elston; There is, however, a widening of the contours over the remanent magnetism in extraterrestrial materials, R. L. western half of the crater and a negative departure of DuBois; degassing and cold-traps on the lunar surface, 20 gammas from the vertical-intensity regional gradient Kenneth Watson; cratering as a geologic process, E. M. in the center of the crater. Seismic results are still pre­ Shoemaker; geology of large impact structures, M. R. liminary, but the data show that the southern part of Dence; petrography of shock-metamorphosed rocks, the rim is more disturbed than other parts and that the E. C. T. Chao; tektites, E. C. T. Chao; lunar regional strata are sufficiently disturbed to alter the se;smic veloc­ geology, Harold Masursky; lunar geologic processes, ity out to distances of 1 mile from the rim. Harold Masursky; and geophysics, M. F. Kane. Field Field methods trips were conducted to Hawaii, Zuni Salt Lake-Hopi A Holocene cinder flat near Flagstaff, Ariz., was Buttes-Meteor Crater, Ariz., and Iceland. A 16-mm cratered with explosives to replicate at a scale of 1:1 a color-sound training film, illustrating the geology of portion of a mare surface shown in an Orbiter photo­ the Katmai area and the eruptive history of the ash flow graph. The stratigraphy exposed in shotholQ-s and in a in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska, was trench was logged before cratering, as the basis for eval­ prepared by the Film Documentation Unit and is avail­ uating later tests. A test exercise was conducted at the able for public showing. crater field to determine the problems and feasibility Field studies of locating the landing position from within the landed lunar module. Suited field exercises, simulating early Gravity and magnetic surveys by R. D. Regan over Apollo missions, were conducted to develop and test Zuni Salt Lake, in west-central New Mexico, show both procedures for traverse planning and static n. activities a positive gravity anomaly and a large magnetic high of on such early lunar missions. about 7,000 gammas centered near a cinder cone in the Other tests and exercises were held at the crater field southern part of the crater. A seismic survey by J. R. and at test sites in the Hopi Buttes to test procedures, Murphy in the vicinity of the large anomaly indicated an tools, and equipment for conducting geologic investiga­ irregular surface of very high velocity at a depth of tions on the lunar surface. Special attention ^as devoted about 250 feet. This surface was later confirmed when a to the problems of systematic description by radio, stor­ drill hole entered a very dense magnetic layer at 254 age and retrieval of data, and the use of TV pictures to feet. The magnetic data, in addition to showing the large supplement observation and description by the anomaly, suggest that the crater is bordered by an inward-dipping ring dike and not a flow as previously astronaut. suggested. Field instruments Gravity and magnetic surveys, under the direction of A miniaturized dKa spectrometer furnished by the R. D. Regan, in an alluvium-filled valley in the Castle Goddard Spaceflight Center and a miniaturized X-ray Butte area of Hopi Buttes, northeastern Arizona, show a diffractometer furnished by the Jet Propulsion Labora­ strong southwest-northeast regional gradient. The ver­ tory were tested for both field and laboratory use in tical-magnetic-intensity map shows several separate geologic investigations. Both instruments sh ow promise anomalies in all parts of the area; these are probably due for lunar as well as terrestrial use. COSMIC GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROLOGY A167

Field tests of a preliminary model of a miniaturized, Drill cuttings from Meteor Crater, Ariz. staff-mounted magnetometer developed by E. L. DuBois P. E. Brett (p. D179-D180) has examined drill cut­ showed promise that it will be capable of routinely meas­ tings from depths of 550 to 650 feet below the floor of uring total-field, remanent, and induced magnetism. Meteor Crater and has found Ni-Fe and Fe fragments, A continuously recording vehicle-mounted field mag­ magnetite + fayalite + glass and wiistite + fayalite netometer has been field tested and found to be opera­ eutectic-like intergrowths, and Ni-Fe spherules sur­ tionally feasible. Field tests also suggest that impact rounded by glass. Electron-microprobe analyses indi­ methods of producing seismic energy for shallow lunar cate that most of the metal was derived from drill steel, surveys are feasible. but the remainder came from the impacting meteorite. Development of an instrumented surveying staff and Evidence indicates that impact metamorphism was in­ automatic tracking system that incorporate the scien­ tense at depths of as much as 650 feet below the crater tific requirements for lunar geologic work is well under­ floor. way. The system includes a TV camera, a stereometric Melting relations of Fe-S mixtures at 30 kb film camera, and an orientation subsystem mounted in a hand-carried staff, plus a TV surveillance camera and Melting relations of Fe-FeS mixtures from Fei00S0 to a laser ranger-tracker subsystem mounted on the lunar Fe67S33 have been determined by P. E. Brett and P. M. module or lunar vehicle. The system will free an astro­ Bell (Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of naut from having to determine his position or to note the Washington) at a pressure of 30 kb. The phase relations orientation of staff-mounted film and TV cameras, and at this pressure exhibit behavior much closer to ideality should permit immediate map compilation on Earth of than at 1 atm. The eutectic has a composition of geologic information as the astronaut reports it and Fe73.5S26.5 and a temperature of 980°C. Solubility of S takes TV pictures of geologic features. in Fe at elevated temperatures at 30 kb is of the same order as at 1 atm. Interpolation of the 1-atm and ?0-kb Data processing melting data gives values of dT/dP ranging from A computer-based data-storage and compilation sys­ 2.3°C/kb to Y.O°C/kb, depending on the composition. tem has been outlined by D. H. Dahlem, to store oral These data demonstrate the dangers of extrapolation of geologic descriptions and navigational, geophysical, and high-pressure data to extremely high pressures such as analytical data transmitted via telemetry, and to make those at the core-mantle boundary. such data available for instant recall and display in the Astrogeologic Data Facility on either a computer Water in tektites printer or a plotter. The computer programs to control An infrared analytical technique has been developed this system are under development. by F. E. Senftle, A. N. Thorpe, and C. E. Alexander for measuring water in tektites, impactites, and artificial glass of tektite composition. Twenty-two tektites from COSMIC GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROLOGY various strewn fields had an average water content of 0.012 percent. Glasses melted in the atmosphere had Cliftonite in meteorites A proposed origin several times this 'amount of water. Because even at Cliftonite, a polycrystalline aggregate of graphite very high temperatures the amount of water in the with cubic morphology, is known to occur in 10 meteor­ glass is controlled by equilibrating with the water con­ ites. Some workers have considered it to be a pseudo- tent in the surrounding environment, the data generally morph after diamond, and have used the proposed suggest that tektites were formed under moderate or diamond ancestry as evidence of a meteoritic parent high vacuum conditions. body of at least lunar dimensions. P. E. Brett and G. T. Meteoritic spherules from deep-sea sediments Higgins synthesized cliftonite in Fe-Ni-C alloys in a Microscopic shiny spherules found in deep-sea sedi­ vacuum, as a product of decomposition of cohenite ments have been assumed to originate from ablation of [(Fe,Ni) 3C]. They therefore suggest that a high- iron meteorites during their passage through the atmos­ pressure origin is unnecessary for meteorites which con­ phere. This conclusion was based on the presence of tain cliftonite, and that these meteorites were formed Fe-Ni cores and by comparison with spherules found at low pressures. This conclusion is in agreement with after the fall of iron meteorites. H. T. Millard, Jr., other recent evidence. E. B. Finkehman, and M. B. Duke have obtained further

318-835 O - 68 - 12 A168 ASTROGEOLOGY evidence relating these deep-sea spherules to iron mete- tration in these objects was about 0.1 percert, by elec- orites by determining their mineralogic and chemical tron-microprobe analysis. Instrumental neutron-activa- composition. Wiistite, which occurs in the fusion crusts tion analysis lower this limit to 0.002 percent, which is of iron meteorites, was detected in 9 of 10 spherules much closer to known values for iron meteorites (about studied and a-iron was found in 5 of the 10. Prior to this 0.0001 percent) and much lower than the concentrations study, the lower limit for determination of Mn concen- found in terrestrial rocks. REMOTE SENSING AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS TO large part manifested by alinement of stream segments, are apparent on the photograph in the southern part GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS of the plateau, and may be developed parallel to a f ~ac- The application of remote-sensing studies to the U.S. ture system in the underlying bedrock, the presence Geological Survey program in geologic mapping and of which was not suspected heretofore. Part of the Si- analysis involved a continuation of previous empirical walik Group of late Tertiary age can be traced for nore investigations and a shifting emphasis toward labora­ than 50 miles, but in general, stratigraphic relation­ tory and theoretical studies, controlled field experi­ ships are less conclusive or reliable than the recognition ments, and development of data-analysis techniques for of structural features on the orbital photograph. geologic interpretation. Since 1964 most of these studies Color photography of the Pima copper district, Ari­ have been conducted in cooperation with the National zona studied by J. R. Cooper shows that pedimented Aeronautics and Space Administration. granodiorite is slightly browner in areas of known al­ Aerial and space photography teration and sulfide mineralization. It is also slightly browner in the immediate vicinity outside the are"1, of Utilizing only the color photographs taken during the mineralization. The color contrast is too subtle to be evi­ earth-orbiter Gemini IV and V flights, soil maps were dent on the ground and illustrates the value of aorial prepared by R. B. Morrison for a 600-mile strip along color photography in recognizing and mapping broad the United States-Mexico border, from west of the areas of mineralization. Colorado Kiver to east of El Paso, Tex. The color photo­ graphs were used to differentiate the principal soil as­ Line-scan imagery sociations, and the boundaries of the soil-association Field investigations at Surtsey island, Iceland, in units were mapped on rectified black-and-white en­ July 1967 by J. D. Friedman in cooperation with P. S. largements (to 1:250,000 scale) of these photos. A Williams, Jr. (Air Force Cambridge Research Labora­ 1:3,000,000-scale map was prepared for the entire strip, tories) confirmed that converting fracture systems and and 1:250,000 maps (using Army Map Service 1 by 2 secondary fumaroles in the area of 1964 and 1965 f ows degree quadrangles as a base) were made for a 350- from the Surtur II lava shield were recorded the pre­ mile-long sector (21,000 sq mi in the United States, plus vious year as anomalies on aerial infrared imagery. 14,000 sq mi in Mexico). The accuracy of these maps Surf ace-temperature measurements provided cortrol will be checked in the field in 1968, and criteria sought points for compiling an isothermal map and surface- for improving the accuracy and detail in mapping soils, temperature profiles of the island from isodensitracer surficial deposits, and landforms from ultra-small-scale scans of the infrared imagery. Preliminary study sug­ aerial photography. W. B. Hamilton has studied the gests that radial aeromagnetic profiles of the island pro­ same materials and is compiling tectonic features re­ vided by Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson (Science Institute, vealed on small-scale space photography. University of Iceland) show an inverse correlation with Study of the Gemini V color photography of the the surface-temperature profiles. Salt Kange and Potwar Plateau, West Pakistan, by In both the My^vatn and Reykjanes thermal fields, W. R. Hemphill and Walter Danilchik, shows that the thermal anomalies recorded on infrared imagery have regional continuity of some faults and folds may be been traced to tectonic lineaments channeling warm more readily recognized and interpreted from a single photograph taken from orbital altitude than from con­ ground water and to high-temperature thermal surface ventional aerial photographs, where hundreds of prints activity. In the Reykjanes field, seismic activity on Oc­ would be required to view the same area. On the basis tober 1, 1967, followed by dilation along at least one of rock-outcrop distribution, color, and drainage pat­ fissure caused extensive hydrologic changes in the sur: tern, several synclinal axes in the central part of the face of the field. Infrared emission from a rhy>lite plateau and a strike-slip fault at the western edge can tholoid and from fine hyaloclastite breccias in the be traced on the orbital photograph for a distance Myvatn areas suggests that near-surface circulation of equivalent to more than 25 miles. Linear features, in warm ground water occurred in these areas. A169 A170 REMOTE SENSING AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES Subtle thermal anomalies, on the order of a few de­ puter identification of specific geologic targets will grees C, have been found by K. M. Moxham to be asso­ greatly assist the analysis and use of data to H acquired ciated with faults extending northwestward from the from earth-orbiting spacecraft. presently known limits of the geothermal steamfield at J. R. Cooper completed studies of conventional color The Geysers, Sonoma County, Calif. These anomalies, and color infrared photography, side-looking radar, not readily visible on the infrared imagery, were ex­ and infrared imagery. He found (1) that conventional tracted by density-level slicing techniques and con­ color photography was most useful in delineating areas firmed by field temperature measurements made with a where plutonic rocks were rich in pyrite and chalcopy- thermistor array. rite; (2) that cross-polarized side-looking radar In conjunction with studies of coal-mine fires in Penn­ imagery helped outline new exposures of pyroxene sylvania and other studies of infrared imagery, K. M. rhyodacite as dark spots in an alluvial plain; and (3) Moxham, G. W. Greene, G. K. Boynton, and K. M. that nighttime (10:00-10:30 p.m.) infrared imagery Turner have developed portable automatic digital tem­ recorded gneiss and, locally, limestone as light (warm) perature-recording devices for field monitoring before, tones, white vein quartz as conspicuously dark (cool during, and following airborne infrared missions. tones); and unconsolidated alluvium as a distinctly These devices record not only surface-temperature darker (cooler) tone than older unoonsolHated fan- variations but also meteorological parameters that af­ glomerate and consolidated rocks. All the features de­ fect infrared imagery through the diurnal cycle. (See scribed above are either indistinguishable or poorly de­ also "Engineering Geology" in the section "Geology fined in conventional aerial photography. These studies and Hydrology Applied to Engineering and the Public are significant in that they point to the complementary Welfare.") nature of the multisensor approach in the study of min­ Field evaluation of thermal infrared imagery in the ing districts. Caliente and Temblor Ranges (Imperial and San Diego Instrumentation and data analysis Counties) and Carrizo Plain area (San Luis Obispo Outdoor tests by W. R. Hemphill with a Hgh-resolu- County) of southern California by E. W. Wolfe sug­ tion grating spectrometer and using the Fraunhofer gests that predawn thermal infrared anomalies pre­ line-depth method were successful in detecting lumi­ viously thought to be related to shallow ground water nescence intensities as low as 3 percent of the incident may be produced by trapping of cold air in topo­ solar energy for hand samples of colemarite, calcite, graphically low areas during the night. and phosphate rock. Because these preliminary results An evaluation of radar data by A. N. Kover, R. G. also identified the need for more definitive tests, an Reeves, and G. W. Luttrell is continuing. The high- instrument having a higher spectral scan rate and frequency fine-resolution side-looking radar imagery optical efficiency is being built and will be tested ini­ currently available gives an excellent synoptic view of tially on Rhodamine WT, a luminescent dye used as a the landscape. Structural features that are expressed tracer by hydrologists in studying current dynamics topographically can be imaged to enhance their detail of rivers and estuaries. and supply information which supplements conven­ B. F. Grossling has developed a technique designated tional aerial photography in many areas; however only as color mimicry to facilitate the interpretation of 2- a limited number of useful lithologic differences have dimensional arrays of data ("pictures") characterized been found by radar imagery. Mosaics of radar imagery by 2 or 3 variables at each field position. Each "picture" of inaccessible and cloud-covered regions have consid­ to be examined need not be a true photograph, but can erable potential for geologic, geographic, and topo­ be merely a gray-level representation of a variable in a graphic projects. 2-dimensional field. The data can be of an abstract Aerial remote-sensor surveys of Yellowstone ISfational nature or of a physical nature quite different from Park using a 12-channel optical-mechanical scanner radiation. In color mimicry, a different primary color were conducted by the Willow Run Laboratory of the red, blue, or green is assigned to each "picture" needed University of Michigan on contract to the Geological to display the different variables. The colored "pictures" Survey to supplement data acquired earlier by NASA are projected onto a screen, and the superposition of and other aircraft, and to provide material for special experiments in target discrimination by automatic their projected images gives the desired synthesis of the processes. Detailed ground monitoring of geothermal fields. features of the Geyser Basin and other areas was con­ As a demonstration, Grossling in October 1966 com­ ducted to provide quantitative information to support bined a conventional aerial photograph, an infrared these data. Electronic enhancement of data and com­ photograph, and an infrared image of the Kilauea REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS TO HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS A171 Caldera, Hawaii. Many different color combinations 12-channel imaging spectrometer operated by the Uni­ were tried; several of these showed structures that were versity of Michigan and is recorded on magnetic tape. almost imperceptible on the individual photographs The computer program involves determining the proba­ and image, and that greatly facilitated the analysis of bility description of each rock type in two or more cH.n- the myriad details of the individual pictures. nels, and then analyzing each resolution element in the A digital-computer program has been completed by imagery on the basis of its similarity or nonsimilarity Kenneth Watson to compute and plot the optical prop­ to these probability descriptions. The computer output erties (indices of refraction and absorption), reflec­ of the Mono Craters area is a 2-dimensional plot tivity, and transmissivity as a function of wavelength, covering about 12 square miles on which geologic ma­ using classical dispersion theory. This will provide val­ terials are symbolized by letter. uable insight for investigations of infrared reflection Laboratory and theoretical investigations and emission including modeling the effects of surface Preliminary analysis of reflection and emission roughness and surface stain. In addition, these results spectra by Kenneth Watson and R. D. Watson indi­ suggest that the most effective way to store spectral li­ cates that the small shift in the spectral signature of braries for comparison with field, airplane, or satellite quartz due to the shape of the Planck function asso­ observations is by using the fundamental optical prop­ ciated with its surface temperature is masked by the erties that is, resonant frequencies, oscillator strengths, more pronounced effects of surface roughness and and damping constants rather than emission or chemical stain. reflection spectra. As an example, the reflection spectra In order to interpret correctly the effect of atmos­ of quartz from 8/x to 30/t can be completely determined pheric transmission on the infrared spectral-emission by the oscillator strengths, and damping constants at data obtained in the field, Fourier analysis of the emis­ 7 resonant frequencies, with a spectral resolution of sion spectra of quartz has been made by R. D. Watsor, In 0.1/i. This results in an order-of-magnitude reduction in the absence of the atmosphere, a spectral resolution of at required computer storage. least 0.2/A is necessary to resolve the quartz lines at 8.50//,, R. M. Moxham, <3r. W. Greene, R. M. Turner, and G. R. 9.0/*, and 12.5/*. An atmospheric model based on high- Boynton concentrated their efforts on the development resolution measurements of infrared transmission of multiple-probe systems and automatic digital-record­ through one air mass was used. The spectrum of the ing units for continuous monitoring in the measurement atmosphere consists of a complex line structure resolv­ of surface temperatures during thermal infrared sur­ able only with a resolution of greater than O.I/A. Tr^ns- veys. The multiple-probe system uses an electronic ther­ mission of the quartz spectra through the atmosphere mometer with a sequencing switch that will scan up to results, in high-frequency modulation of the emission 11 thermistor probes in the input. A choice of 3 scan­ profile in all regions of the spectra except from 8.5^ to ning programs, covering 3, 7, or 11 inputs, can be se­ 12/i. As a result, the 8.5/i and 9.0^ lines are still resolv­ lected and the scanning time can be set to 20 seconds, 1 able with a spectral resolution of 0.2/i, but the 12.5^ line minute, or 5 minutes per channel. This system will en­ can no longer be resolved. The result indicates a com­ able the geologist to simultaneously record surface tem­ plexity in the interpretation of infrared emission due to peratures of large areas during aircraft or spacecraft infrared surveys. atmospheric effects. The digital thermistor recording system was devised REMOTE-SENSING APPLICATIONS TO to eliminate the time-consuming data reduction asso­ ciated with analog systems. The system accomm'odates HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS up to 10 thermistors in an array and each is sampled at Remote-sensing research in hydrology is aimed at in­ 10-minute intervals. For each sampling, the time, creasing the capability for collecting hydrologic data temperature, and probe number is printed. Tempera­ ture ranges of 0°C to 100°C and 0°F to 100°F are avail­ for problems and areas where present procedures are able. The digital system will operate unattended for 36 inadequate. Most research has been empirical evaluation hours. of airborne-sensor data collected over test areas ^ith W. R. Hemphill reports that an IBM 360 44 com­ identified problems and fairly well known hydrology. puter at Purdue University's Laboratory for Agricul­ Extension of the empirical results to lesser known areas tural Remote Sensing was used to discriminate basalt, is generally by analogy. rhyolite, lake and surficial deposits, and water shown on Aerial-photographic and thermal-infrared techniques multispectral imagery of the Mono Lake area, Cali­ are prime areas of investigation, but some studie^ of fornia. The imagery was acquired with an airborne radar and passive microwave frequencies are underray. A172 REMOTE SENSING AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

South Cascade Glacier drainage basin, Washington both water-quality and shore-vegetation surveys. The infrared photographs are particularly useful in delimit­ In order to understand the interplay between glaciers ing algal distributions, which can be an indirect measure and lakes, W. J. Campbell has been studying tempera­ of pollution. Turbidity and possibly oxygen content ture changes in South Cascade Lake. The surface-tem­ of the water may also be observed. PhragmMes, Spartina, perature distribution was measured simultaneously with Typha, Iva, and Nuphar are major species of shore four types of instruments: thermometers, thermistors, plants easily distinguished with this technioue. thermocouples, and infrared radiometers. Surface- temperature maps showing marked temperature fronts, Differentiation of glacial features which relate to glacier winds, were drawn from data Preliminary results from a study by W. W. Barnwell collected by the radiometers and by an airborne imager. and D. A. Morris of remote-sensing data in the An­ It was found that a "cold skin" effect occurs on the lake chorage, Alaska, area suggest that color infrared aerial during windy, clear-sky conditions. That is, a very thin photographs and infrared imagery (8ft-14/*) can be cool layer forms on the surface due to the dynamic bal­ used to differentiate glacial features and lineaments, ance of evaporation and radiation. Thus the radiation such as concentric moraines, more easily an-i accurately temperature of the lake surface can be as much as 2°C than conventional aerial photographs. Infrared imagery cooler than the surface temperature sensed by conven­ obtained in early May 1967 can 'be used to distinguish tional means. By scanning the lake surface with infrared muskeg and swamp areas and areas underlain by fine­ radiometers mounted on adjacent peaks, synoptic sur­ grained soils from well-drained areas underlain by face-temperature maps of the lake were obtained for a gravel or coarse-grained undifferentiated glacial sedi­ variety of meteorologic regimes. It was found that the ments. The areas underlain by fine-grained sediments temperature distribution undergoes large and rapid thaw more slowly and consequently register as cold fluctuations when glacier winds are supplanted by valley areas on the imagery. Also color infrared photography winds. Temperature fronts with gradients as large as increases resolution of estuarine features ruch as tidal 4°C/100 m are not uncommon. channels, mudflat areas, and sediment-load patterns. Ground-water discharge Infrared imagery of Barnegat Bay, NJ. Infrared photography and imagery have been used Seymour Subitzky and P. W. Anderson have made a by G. E. Siple to identify some elements of discharge preliminary analysis of infrared imagery along the from limestone aquifers into the Savannah Eiver along north shore of Barnegat Bay between Waretown and reaches extending several miles downstream from cen­ Forked Eiver, N.J., that shows temperature variations tral Allendale County, S.C. Similar techniques are being in the bay. The following conditions are shown, quali­ used to locate estuarine and submarine springs from the tatively at least, by the thermal variations: (1) the principal limestone aquifer of Eocene to Oligocene age discharge of ground water into the bay; (2) the dis­ off the coast from Charleston and Beaufort Counties, charge of water from manmade lagoon docks into the S.C. bay during receding tides; (3) changes in ecology in the surrounding marshlands and swamps; and (4), pos­ Sinkhole formation in Florida sibly, an exothermic reaction caused by decomposition Infrared imagery and multiband and infrared of vegetal material, which is deposited in certain rela­ photography were obtained from remote-sensing flights tively stagnant areas along the coastline. over the Peace and Alafia Eiver basins. The imagery of selected areas has been examined by A. E. Coker on Estuarine dispersion a continuous-strip viewer that enables simultaneous E. W. Paulson has analyzed infrared imagery and comparison of film obtained from several channels. Al­ conventional color and color infrared a°rial photo­ though no definite conclusions about sinkhole formation graphs of the Delaware Eiver estuary. The analysis can be drawn from the data, many patterns on the color indicates that infrared imagery is useful in estuarine infrared film suggest areas of possible future sinkhole reconnaissance studies and that estuarinc circulation, formation. reaeration, and dispersion may be studied effectively with this technique. Infrared imagery was also taken at Estuarine-vegetation mapping hourly intervals during part of one tidal cycle on a Studies on the Patuxent River, Md., by E. E. Ander- short reach of the estuary near Wilmington, Del. These son indicate that color infrared aerial photographs are data are being used to study estuarine dispersion and better than conventional color aerial photographs for circulation. CARTOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS A173

Effect of urbanization on stream temperatures for an initial satellite to view the earth and study re­ E. J. Pluhowski reports that one of the most interest­ sources from a near-polar, sun-synchronous, circular ing findings resulting from a NASA airborne infrared orbit using high-resolution television cameras in three survey of the Great South Bay-Hempstead Bay area 'spectral bands. This request generated considerable of Long Island on July 13,1967, was detection of heated interest in the aerospace industry, and almost all major water discharging into Barnums Channel. The warm companies have developed plans for satellites and sug­ water is effluent flow from a powerplant located between gested use of other facilities and instruments that might Oceanside and Island Park, N.Y. After being dis­ support the program. Their plans have been presented charged from the powerplant, the heated water (esti­ to a group of specialists at the NASA Goddard Space- mated to be 11°C warmer than ambient bay-water flight Center for analysis and recommendatior s to temperatures) flows eastward into Middle Bay, raising NASA Headquarters and the Department of the the temperature several degrees above that observed in Interior. Hewlett Bay to the west and East Bay to the east. Under the leadership of the U.S. Geological Survey, The influence of man on the thermal pattern of 10 bureaus within the Department have establisted a streams discharging into the bays along Long Island's system to manage the EROS Program. In addition, south shore was readily apparent in the imagery. applications of the proposed initial satellite have been Streams affected by ponding, channel relocation, and defined for each bureau. clearing off of trees and brush are warmer than the un­ Studies are now underway to determine user require­ affected streams. ments for satellite data so that automatic reception, processing, and distribution systems can be designed Thermal loading in Hudson River that will meet these needs in a rapid, efficient manner. M. W. Busby has analyzed infrared imagery of the The study will also attempt to define the systems needed, lower 30 miles of the Hudson River estuary. An in­ and their cost, to enhance data for the user, ard to teresting comparison of the thermal loads between the automate, as much as possible, interpretation processes. atomic-reactor electric generating plant at Indian Point, N.Y., and a steam generating plant nearby can CARTOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATIONS be made from the imagery. The degree and extent of thermal loading by the two plants appears to be the Lunar Orbiter profile data same. Stereomodels of Lunar Orbiter photographs were Missouri River water temperature used to provide profile data for parts of the lunar ter­ An aerial survey using a line-scanning infrared ra­ rain being studied as possible landing sites. The stereo- diometer was made by NASA in North Dakota along models were formed in an AP/C plotter that was made available for this study by the OMI Corp. of America. the Missouri River from Bismarck to the Garrison Tracking data and information telemetered from Reservoir. The imagery was analyzed by O. A. Crosby Orbiter's attitude sensors were used for stereonodel and is useful in showing the temperature changes of orientation. Garrison Reservoir at points of tributary inflow and at points of discharge from thermal-electric plants. The Effects of earth curvature and atmospheric refraction thermal effects may have been less than anticipated be­ The effects of earth curvature and atmospheric refrac­ cause of high discharge (40,000 cfs) during the period tion on photographs obtained from space and on stereo- models formed from these photographs are being inves­ of the survey. Another survey is scheduled when the tigated. Information from this study will be us?d to reservoir is discharging at a lower rate (10,000-15,000 correct the effects of these phenomena and to determine cfs). Operating personnel of the generating plants have whether space photographs can be used to compile noted a more pronounced thermal effect from one plant accurate maps. to the next at low flows. Since actual photographs are not available for this study, fictitious ground and photograph coordinate EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVATION values will be used with a suitable computer program. SATELLITE (EROS) PROGRAM This program permits perturbations of the photo­ graphic coordinate value to simulate the effects of tilt, On its inception in September 1966, the Earth Re­ atmospheric refraction, lens distortion, and other con­ sources Observation Satellite Program of the U.S. ditions. A second program will be used to form a photo- Department of the Interior specified to the National grammetric model by means of an analytical orienta­ Aeronautics and Space Administration its basic needs tion. This phase will determine the nature and A174 REMOTE SENSING AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES magnitude of errors that occur in forming a model from The U.S. Map Information Office (MIO) presently photographs obtained from orbital altitudes of 100 to stores and distributes Gemini materials as follows: 600 nautical miles. 1. Photographic copies (various scales) of the Automatic plotting of grids on photographs "Gemini Photomap of Southwest United States and Northern Mexico." A recently developed system for plotting geographic 2. Photographic copies of the "Gemini Photomap graticules and Universal Transverse Mercator grids on of the Tucson, Arizona, Vicinity." unrectified space photographs will aid' in identifying, 3. Contact (70-mm) and enlarged black-and-white interpreting, and cataloging the large numbers of pho­ positives and negatives of many Gemini pi otographs. tographs that will be obtained from space sensors. A 4. Photographic copies of the "Photo-Image Map of method for automating this system is being investi­ Parts of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile." gated; the method solves the photograph-orientation 5. Rectified black-and-white enlargements of all problem analytically and requires a minimum of three Gemini photographs used in the production of the ground-control points for each photograph. photomaps. Gemini photomaps Side-looking-radar mosaic A 1 :l,000,000-scale photomap of a segment of south­ A mosaic of side-looking-radar photo images of the western United States and northern Mexico (consisting of 29 enlarged, rectified Gemini photographs covering Yellowstone National Park area was recently com­ approximately 150,000 sq mi) and a 1:250,000-scale pho­ pleted. As expected, relatively accurate horizontal scale tomap of the Tucson, Ariz., area (consisting of 1 in the direction of the flight line was achieved, but the enlarged, rectified Gemini photograph covering scale normal to the flight line is less accurate. Visual approximately 5,200 sq mi) have recently been com­ presentations of radar-sensed imagery may become an pleted. They provide valuable information for earth- additional valuable tool in future ear^h-resources resources investigations. investigations. GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES International activities with which the U.S. Geologi­ programs involving the U.S. Geological Survey were cal Survey scientists are concerned may be classified underway in 1967 in Saudi Arabia, India, Turkey, Bra­ in six categories: (1) technical assistance, (2) scientific zil, and Colombia. Other assistance programs were exchange and cooperative technical investigations, (3) underway in Afghanistan, Chile, Costa Eica, Ethiopia, investigations to extend domestic research programs, Guyana, Kenya, Korea, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, (4) participation in international commissions, (5) rep­ Pakistan, Nicaragua, and Zambia. These programs resentation in international earth-science associations, utilized the services of 144 Geological Survey spe­ and (6) training or supervision of participants from cialists. For a summary of topographic technical- abroad. assistance programs, see "Foreign-Assistance Pro­ Of these activities, technical assistance to developing grams" in the section "Topographic Surveys and countries involves the largest and most continuous com­ Mapping." mitment of Geological Survey personnel. During the More than 997 technical and administrative docu­ past quarter of a century the Geological Survey has pro­ ments involving Geological Survey authors have been vided earth-science specialists for about 900 assignments issued since the beginning of the Survey's technical- in more than 70 developing countries. This assistance assistance program. During fiscal year 1968, 57 reports is provided at the request of recipient countries, under were published and (or) open filed, and 63 technical and the authority of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as administrative documents were prepared (table 4). amended. Although technical assistance has generally been TABLE 4. Technical and administrative documents issued in fiscal year 1968 as a result of the U.S. Geological Survey techr.ical- concerned with geologic mapping and appraisal of assistance program mineral and water resources or with applied geologic Reports or maps prepared and hydrologic studies, the long-range objectives have Project Reports ap- Reports Reports pub- reports proved for published lishec" or been to strengthen counterpart institutions and to Country and publication by outside releaseiby admin- by the U.S. technical the U.S. develop counterpart scientific personnel. A major result istrative Geological journals Geological reports Survey and Surrey of this cooperation has been the establishment of cadres counterpart of competent scientists and effective scientific and agencies resources agencies in many of the developing countries. Afghanistan. ______1 __. In those countries with which the Geological Survey Africa. _ _ . ______. 1 __- Bolivia. ______. 1 __ 1 has had long-continued programs of assistance in vari­ Brazil ______. 8 12 1 4 ous projects important for national economic develop­ Central America. ____. 1 ___ Chile____.______. 3 .__ 2 ment, the impact of the U.S. Geological Survey's tech­ Colombia ______1 3 5 1 nical assistance has been especially strong. Costa Rica ______2 __. 1 1 Dahomey ______1 ___ In fiscal year 1968, more than half of all international Ecuador. ______1 __. technical-assistance activities undertaken by the Geo­ Guyana ______2 ... India ______. 1 __. logical Survey were financed by loans to the recipient 1 ___. host government or directly by those governments. With Kenya ______1 __. Korea. ______1 3 1 2 this assumption of economic responsibility by host coun­ Libya. ______1 ._ 1 tries, the role of the Survey has become increasingly that Liberia. ______15 5 3 2 Morocco.. _ __.______. 1 ___ of coworker and consultant. This transfer of responsi­ 1 __ bility is a significant indication of scientific and tech­ Nigeria. ______. 1 1 Pakistan ______. 9 7 2 2 nical advancement. Science leadership is now emerging Philippines ______. 1 1 ___. in many developing countries, and among indigenous Saudi Arabia.. ______7 5 7 10 Sudan. _ _ __ _ . 1 political and economic leaders there is a growing reali­ Thailand______. 5 5 3 1 zation of the value of basic mineral and water-resource Tunisia. ______1 data in national economic planning and development. T*. irlrpv 2 1 1 Major geologic and hydrologic technical-assistance Total ______.. 63 45 27 30 A175 A176 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES As an integral part of the technical-assistance pro­ of Mexico in support of domestic arid-zone research; grams abroad, 85 earth-scientists and engineers from (5) review of available sources of manganese in Africa 25 countries pursued academic or intern training in the south of the Sahara, because of the limited manganese United States under Geological Survey guidance dur­ resources in the United States; (6) oceanograt>hic stud­ ing fiscal year 1968. Types of assistance given each ies of subsidence areas southwest of Iceland; (7) special country during the fiscal year are summarized in table programs abroad in training astronauts; and (8) 5. To date 928 participants have completed academic or arrangements abroad for the testing of remote-sensor intern training in the United States under Survey systems. Commissions and congresses participated in in­ guidance. cluded those for the Geologic Map of the World, Inter­ In addition to technical assistance and participant training, the Survey participated in a wide range of sci­ national Hydrological Decade, International Commis­ entific and technical international-exchange activities sion for Snow and Ice, Field Year of the Great Lakes, and related cooperative investigations. These included International Oceanographic Congress, International (1) unilateral scientific collaboration with West Ger­ Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Pacific Science Con­ many and Japan; (2) multilateral collaboration in map­ gress, International Water Supply Congress, Water for ping the Antarctic; (3) earthquake investigations in Peace, International Congress on Metallic Corrosion, Chile and Turkey; (4) ecological studies in the deserts and Pan American Institute of Geography and History. TABLE 5. Technical assistance to other countries provided by the U.S. Geological Survey during fiscal year 196i

USGS specialists assigned to other countries Scientists from other countries trained in the United States Country Number Type Type of Number Field of training activity'

Latin America

Argentina______1 Chemi8t-----______-__ D 2 Geochemistry (minerals). 1 Exploration and laboratory techniques copper. Bolivia.______1 Paleontology. 1 X-ray diffraction. 1 Subsurface geology. Brazil.______6 Geologist_-__-_____--_-__-__ A, B, D 5 Exploration for ground-water resources. 1 Administrative officer-______-----__- 2 Surface-water techniques. 2 Hydrogeologist______A, B 1 Mineral exploration. 2 Hydraulic engineer__--_____-_ A, B, D 1 Geological program planning. 1 Hydrologist______A, B 1 Photogeology, structural geology, stratig­ raphy. 1 Geologic administration, r*anagement, and relationship with space studies. 1 Economic geology. 1 Topographic mapping, photoframmetry. 1 Marine geology. Chile__----____--______1 Geologic evaluation and technology nonmetallic minerals. Colombia______9 Geologist .______A, B, C, D 1 Micropaleontology. 1 Geophysicist..---_-----_-_---_ D 6 Economic geology. 2 Cartographer.______D 2 Mineral resources exploration. 1 Mineral resources exploratior nonmetal­ lic minerals. Guyana.______4 Geologist______C 1 Cartography, photography. 1 Geochemist______--_-______-C 1 Geological program planning. 1 Chemist______C 1 Photogrammetry, cartography, photog­ raphy. 1 Photographer.______C 1 Quality of water, ground-water techniques. Jamaica______2 Hydrogeologist______D ______Mexico...______1 Hydrologist______C ______Nicaragua.______1 Geologist______C ______

Africa ______

Chad_.______1 Hydrologist______C ______1 Engineering technician______C ______Ethiopia ______2 Hydrogeologist______D ______Kenya ______2 ___do______D ______Liberia.... _____ 9 Geologist______A 2 Geology. 2 Geophysicist______A, D 1 Geophysics. 1 Cartographer.______A ______1 Cartographic technician_-______A ___-__._ 1 Administrative officer.______1 Secretary______See footnote at end of table. SUMMARY BY COUNTRIES A3 77

TABLE 5. Technical assistance to other countries provided by the U.S. Geological Survey during fiscal year 1968 Continued

USGS specialists assigned to other countries Scientists from other countries trained in the United States Number Type Type.of Number Field of training activity '

Africa Continued

Morocco______1 Hydrologist. ______.._____._ D Nigeria- ______1 Chemist ______.____-__ B 2 Hydrogeologist______..____-__ A, C 1 Hydraulic engineer. .___,______C Republic of Guinea.. 1 Geophysics. Uganda. .______. 1 Photogeology.

Near East-South Asia

Afghanistan ______2 Geologist ______D 4 Hydrologist __ ___ .__,._-_--__ A, C 1 Ground-water geology. 1 Hydrogeologist______.______D 1 Aerial photography and geologic mappfng. Cyprus. ______1 Spectroscopy. India ..______2 Geologist______..____-__ A 1 Chemist.. ______._-__-_. C 2 Hydrogeology. Nepal-. ______1 Hydraulic engineer __ _.______A 8 Hydrologic investigations. 2 Hydrogeologist______.______D Pakistan ______2 __ __do______A, B, D 1 Mineral exploration and development, geophysics. 5 Geologist ______._____-_ A, D 1 Analytical chemistry, geochemistry. 1 Chemist______.______D 3 Ground-water hydrology. 1 Isotopes and radiation in hydrology. 2 Hydrology. 1 Water quality analysis. Saudi Arabia______20 Geologist ______.______- A, B, C, D 2 Radioactive materials. 2 Administrative officer. _. 1 Petrography. 1 Secretary ______. 1 General services offlcer_ . 4 Geophysicist ______.__---__ B, D 4 Driller. ______. 1 Cartographer. ______.. ._.._-_ C 2 Chemist. ______.__._--_ B 1 Electronics techni cian _ . .._____._ D 1 Publications editor. _ ._____-_ D 3 Civil en gineer. ______B 6 Civil engineer (technician). ____B ______Turkey______6 Geologist ______.______A, C 1 Driller______. 1 Chemist______.._.__ D

Far East

Australia. ______1 Geologist...- ______Japan ______1 Minor elements igneous and metamor- phic rocks. 1 Hydrotherinal alteration in active hot- springs systems. 1 Marine paleontology and stratigraphy. Korea. ______Hydrologist______2 Geochemistry. 2 Geophysics. 2 Ground-water investigations. 1 Hydrology. 1 Structural geology. Philippines ______1 Mineralogy. Republic of China. __ 1 Petroleum geology. Thailand..... _____ 1 Geologist.- ______1 Economic geology. 1 Hydrologist ______Vietnam. ______2 _____do ______.__ 1 Ground-water development.

Other

France- ____ 1 Hydrologist ______1 Hydrogeology. Austria. _ _ 1 -____do______Germany______1 Engineering geology, hydrology. Great Britain. _ _ ... 1 Seismology. 1 Mapping phases color photography. Poland. ______1 Hydrology.

1 A, broad program of assistance in developing or strengthening earth-science institutions and cadres; B, broad program of geologic mapping and appraisal of resorrces; C, special studies of geologic or hydrologic phenomena or resources; D, short-range advisory help on geologic or hydrologic problems and resources. A178 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES Significant results of some of the Geological Survey of quartz monzonite from the nearby Yani batholith is cooperative investigations abroad during fiscal year only 60 m.y. This was an unexpected result and will 1968 are summarized in the following paragraphs. Most need to be confirmed by more work- of these investigations have involved the collaboration of counterpart scientists and the support of counterpart BRAZIL organizations. Natural resources survey, State of Bahia SUMMARY BY COUNTRIES Several new mineral prospects have been discovered in the State of Bahia by U.S. Geological Survey geolo­ gists and Brazilian geologists of the National Depart­ AFGHANISTAN ment of Mineral Production (DNPM), and geochemists Phosphate exploration of the University of Bahia with advisory assistance of A rapid field reconnaissance for phosphatic materials R. W. Lewis, Jr. (USGS). Prospecting along the Mara- was made by E. R. Cressman, the U.S. Geological Sur­ gojipe fault in eastern Bahia by the Geocheriical Insti­ vey (USGS), and counterpart geologists of the Afghan­ tute, University of Bahia, confirmed the presence of istan Ministry of Mines and Industries in selected areas copper mineralization along the fault. Analysis for cop­ of Afghanistan. Their purpose was to determine the po­ per in soil and for heavy metals both in soil and allu­ tential for a longer range exploration program. On the vium was found to be the most effective of several basis of present knowledge it appears unlikely that phos­ geochemical-prospecting techniques that were tested. phorites of sufficient grade and extent to support a ferti­ Regional geochemical prospecting in the Foquira lead lizer industry will be found in Afghanistan. However, district by DNPM geologists and R. W. Leris, Jr., dis­ further geologic studies are needed. Stratigraphic se­ closed two promising areas for future detailed prospect­ quences that warrant investigation include Paleozoic ing. The areas had not been previously explored. geosynclinal strata between Kandahar and Kabul, De­ Field investigations in the Barra do Mendes region vonian rocks that extend eastward from Iran's Elburz of west-central Bahia by J. L. Pomerene (USGS) and Mountains, marine Jurassic rocks southwest of Pamir, DNPM counterparts found indications of gold in sapro- and the Mesozoic and Cenozoic basin of north Afghani­ litic soil derived from gabbro. Complete lack of water stan. Although no evidence exists that phosphate ma­ requires dry-washing techniques for recovery of the terial is present in any of these areas, geologic conditions gold. Preliminary sampling indicates possible values of are favorable for its occurrence at several places. $0.50 to $0.70 of gold per cubic meter of soil. In the same region, an occurrence of free sulfur was fc^ind in dia­ BOLIVIA mond placer terrane. The sulfur is present in the clay fraction of alluvium fill in valleys that have formed New ages of batholithic rocks along fractures; sulfur is also present in ground-water New K-Ar ages of rocks from the Sorata and Yani seeping into pits dug in the valley floor. Both occur­ batholiths in the northern part of the Cordillera Real rences (gold and sulfur) however, still demand further and from the Quimsa Cruz batholith in the east-central investigation (sampling, drilling, and so forth) in part of the Bolivian cordillera were determined at the order to get a better evaluation. laboratory of Centro de Pesquisas Geocronologicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, under the direction COLOMBIA of Prof. U.G. Cordani. All ages are based on biotite ex­ Geologic mapping and mineral exploration cept those from the Yani batholith, which are based on The third year of systematic geologic reconnaissance muscovite. by geologists of the Colombia Mineral Inventory (6 The age of 2 samples of quartz monzonite from the from the U.S. Geological Survey and about 40 from the Quimsa Cruz batholith and a granodiorite from the Colombian Geological Service) saw completion of geo­ nearby Santa Vera Cruz stock was close to 23 m.y., al­ logic mapping at a scale of 1:25,000 of an area of about most identical with 2 ages reported previously by J. F. Seitz for rocks from this area analyzed in the Denver 24,000 sq mi. Geologic maps at a scale of 1:200,000 were laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey. A granodio­ completed for an area of 12,000 sq mi. The areas of in­ rite from the northern end of the Sorata batholith was vestigation are in the eastern and central Andes, and in determined to have an age of 195 m.y.; this is compa­ a structurally isolated unit, the Sierra Nevr.da de Santa rable to a previous determination of 180 m.y. made by Marta, located on the southern rim of th^- Caribbean J. F. Evernden (Univ. of Calif.). The age of a sample basin, near the northern coast of Colombia. SUMMARY BY COUNTRIES A179

Age relationships vassi, and E. Castillo, Costa Rica Geological Surrey, Geologic mapping supported by radiometric dating indicates the emplacement of a major intrusion of dio- has now identified and subdivided the Precambrian ritic composition, the Esecazu batholith, at some time basement rocks of the Guyana shield that project west­ after the early Miocene. Contacts of the intrusive mass ward beneath younger cover and reappear in the axes of are poorly known because of a thick saprolite and rain the folded and uplifted Andean Cordillera. Most of forest, but scattered outcrops suggest that the intrusive these rocks are of granulite facies, but no Precambrian mass is batholithic and only locally stripped of its plutonic intrusives, so conspicuous in the shield area, cover. Mineralization of the contact zone or of the intru­ have yet been recognized. The Precambrian rocks are sion is not known in place, but float in the Rio Grande widely overlain by low- to medium-grade Paleozoic do Orasi carries large amounts of micaceous hematite. schists, which locally grade to feldspathic gneisses, and The intrusion cuts the fossiliferous Terraba Formation by Ordovician, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian of early Miocene age in the Escazu area and the Doan sedimentary rocks. Formation of late Tertiary (?) age in nearby Tap^.nti. As the Doan Formation does not appear to have H#n Mineralization folded during the post-early Tertiary Talamaroan Kocks of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta appear to orogeny, the intrusion may postdate that orogeny. be sparsely mineralized. The Triassic batholiths of the The thick succession of lava flows, lahars, and ash Eastern Cordillera produced minor gold-silver base- beds that composes Irazu volcano suggests that no radi­ metal deposits in the California district northeast of cal or alarming change is to be expected in the n°iar- Bucaramanga. Upper Cretaceous ultramafic intrusives future activity of this volcano. Eruptions of lava from appear to be the source of most of the platinum, nickel, Irazu are historically unknown, but if these should talc, and asbestos, and the slightly younger Antioquian occur from the summit area, only sparsely populated batholith most of the gold of Colombia. areas are likely to be affected. Renewed activity in Cretaceous strata contain large amounts of limestone Barba volcano, directly north of the capital, San Jose, of various qualities, and locally gypsum; Upper Creta­ and the populous Central Valley, should probably c->use ceous rocks contain all the phosphate discovered to date, some concern as in its later history this volcano pro­ as well as the stratabound salt deposits in the region duced the very widespread and thick ash-flow deposits north and east of Bogota. The lead-zinc deposits in of the Central Valley. These rocks were emplacei at Santander, the zinc deposits of Junin, and the emeralds very high temperatures and over a very short period of for which Colombia is famous, occur in Cretaceous time. strata. The Tertiary sedimentary rocks contain most of GUYANA the coal, petroleum, and the only producing iron-ore deposit of the country. Geochemical prospecting Laboratory investigations of phosphate The Wanamu-Blue Mountains region of Guyara is Laboratory studies by J. B. Cathcart on the miner­ situated within the Guinea shield, about 110 miles north­ alogy of the phosphate deposits of the Eastern Cordil­ west of Georgetown. Serpentinites and overlying soil lera of Colombia indicate that material from beds of and laterite were analyzed for nickel, chromium, cobalt, noncalcareous phosphorite can be upgraded by standard copper, and gold in the Denver laboratories of the flotation methods to produce a concentrate containing U.S. Geological Survey. Maximum values of 1 percent as much as 35 percent P2O5. The phosphate mineral is a Ni, 3.8 percent Cr, and 0.15 percent Co were found in carbonate fluorapatite which, except for higher fluorine soil overlying serpentinite. content, is chemically very similar to material from In the Consolation Creek-Aranka River area, about Florida. 40 miles east of the Wanamu-Blue Mountains region, Mineral-dressing tests conducted by the U.S. Bureau soils and stream sediments in low-grade metamorohic of Mines on the impure talc deposits near Yarumal, terrane are locally enriched in cobalt (as much as 1,500 Antioquia, revealed that economic possibilities for up­ ppm) and copper (as much as 300 ppm). Disseminated grading are limited. pyrite and chalcopyrite give further indication of min­ eralization in this area. COSTA RICA NICARAGUA Summary of results regional mapping Earthquake study Regional mapping in the area of the Central Valley A field study of the Managua earthquake (magni­ of Costa Eica by E. D. Krushensky (USGS), E. Mala- tude 4.5) of January 4,1968, was made by R. D. Brown, A180 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES Jr. (USGS) and S. T. Algermissen, U. S. Coast and INDIA Geodetic Survey, during the week immediately follow­ ing the earthquake. This earthquake presented a unique Phosphate exploration opportunity to study the effects of shallow seismic phe­ Geological investigations and subsurface exploration nomena on nearby buildings and other human activities. of phosphatic rocks in the front range of the Himalaya The earthquake epicenter was in the middle of a very Mountains near Mussoorie are being carried out by the large, modern, low-cost housing project on the outskirts Geological Survey of India, with assistance from David of Managua where building construction was uniform Davidson and S. A. Stanin (USGS). The phosphate de­ and orientation varied. posits are in the so-called Tal series, in rocks now be­ Although a preliminary epicenter determination, lieved to be Early Cretacous, and overlie limestone as­ based on instrumental recordings of the earthquake, signed to the Krol series of Jurassic age. Initial results placed the earthquake's location well north of Managua, show that the strata are lenticular and discontinuous, it is now believed, on the basis of the field study, that the and are complicated by rapid changes in composition, epicenter is in the vicinity of the Colonia Centre Amer- by sedimentary structures that formed during deposi­ ica-Colegio Teresiano region, where the most severe tion, by postdepositional deformation, and by recent damage to structures was noted. The rapid falloff of slumping along the outcrop. observed intensity with distance from that area indi­ The phosphatic rocks are in four northwest-trending cates that the focus of the shock was shallow, probably synclinal basins. The thickest and most favorable de­ less than 10 km in depth. The maximum horizontal ac­ posits are in a synform northeast of Mussoorie, where celeration of 13.2 percent of gravity which was recorded they underlie an area about 22 miles long and 1 to 4 in the basement of the Banco Central de Nicaragua is miles wide. Preliminary exploration by the Geological unusually high for an earthquake of magnitude 4.5. Survey of India indicates that the phosphate deposits Preliminary interpretation of the accelerograms shows commonly have a calcareous matrix and will require in­ that the maximum acceleration was a single pulse with tensive study of mining and processing methods before a duration of approximately 3 seconds. The short dura­ the feasibility of development can be ascertained. Chem­ tion of the high acceleration is additional evidence that ical studies of the phosphatic rocks in the Geological the epicenter of the shock was located in the Conolia Survey of India laboratories and metallurgical studies Centre America area. by the India Bureau of Mines, with assistance from Geologic conditions may in part be responsible for Philip Good, metallurgist, U.S. Bureau of Mines, will the unusually heavy damage accompanying this earth­ help assess the economic potential of the deposits. quake. The heavily damaged areas are underlain to Potash resources depths of more than a hundred meters by waterborne In November 1967, G. I. Smith made a 1 -month sur­ and airborne volcanic debris. These rocks vary in com­ vey of the potash potential of India, at tin request of position and physical properties, but those that immedi­ the Agency for International Development and in co­ ately underlie Colonia Centre America are composed operation with the Geological Survey of India. Some predominantly of uncemented, poorly sorted, basaltic production of potash may be possible by extraction from debris with grains ranging in size from 4 to 32 mm. The sea water, and some may be produced from inland brines, rock appears to withstand static loads well, but because but discovery of a large potash-bearing marine evaporite of its lack of cement or matrix, it is probably extremely deposit is the best hope for a major domestic source. unstable under conditions of dynamic load such as re­ Smith was able to outline several areas that he con­ sult from the passage of seismic waves. Any tendency siders potentially favorable for potash deposits. toward such instability would be intensified by the struc­ tural attitude of the rocks in the damaged area. Dips are PAKISTAN about 4° N., somewhat steeper than the northward topo­ Water resources of Dera Isniaff Khan Distric* graphic slope. In the Dera Ismail Khan District, an area of 3,450 Evidence of some downslope movement is found in sq mi in West Pakistan, irrigation is practiced near the tensional fractures in the southern (higher) part of Co­ Indus River, using both the traditional inundation lonia Centre America, but downslope gravity move­ method as well as regulated flow from tH Paharpur ments do not appear to have caused a significant amount Canal. Elsewhere in the district, irrigation water is of damage. provided by kharezes, perennial streams from the Sulai- SUMMARY BY COUNTRIES A181 man Range, dug wells with Persian water wheels, and minerals, (2) copper-lead-zinc-antimony, (3) cons^ruc- some recently installed tubewells of modern construc­ tion materials, and (4) ceramic and refractory minerals. tion. According to J. W. Hood (USGS), and Lufti Ali Field investigations by D. L. Rossman (USGS), and Khan and Khalid Jawaid, of the West Pakistan Water counterparts, for chromite near Hindubagh, Quetta, and Power Development Authority, the district contains West Pakistan, suggest that a segment of limestone two areas favorable for additional ground-water de­ and shale of Cretaceous age still retains its initial rela­ velopment : (1) a belt 10 miles wide parallel to the Indus tive position beneath an ultramafic igneous complex. Eiver from the Khisor Range to Dera Ismail Khan The sedimentary rocks have been metamorphosed and a town, and (2) an area extending from the mouth of the metamorphic zone of hornblende garnet gneiss a few Gumal River gorge to the vicinity of Kot Azam. hundred feet in maximum width is present. The Ground-water development possibilities in much of the ultramafic complex is internally layered, and the district are, however, poor to mediocre, owing to deep chromite bodies tend to lie along some of these layered water table, poor-quality water, or low-yield aquifers. horizons. The present work is aimed at mapping the Ground-water resources of East Pakistan internal layered structure. A study of the chromite J. R. Jones and H. M. Babcock report that most of mineralized area near Malakand, Peshawar Division, the central part of East Pakistan is underlain by allu­ in West Pakistan, is also underway. vial aquifers in which wells yielding 1 to 4 cfs can be Lightweight aggregates in East Pakistan constructed. Requisite depths of wells may range from Lightweight aggregates, essential building material about 300 to 500 feet. Thick deposits of clay in the in East Pakistan, can be made from various clays vhich Mahupur Jungle area and along the northeast border have been found to be abundant and available in the of the province may preclude construction of high-yield Dacca and Chittagong areas. N. A. Parker (USGS) and wells, but additional test drilling is needed in these areas. Maroof Khan (GSP) have conducted investigations In deltaic deposits adjacent to the Mouths of the Ganges, which include field exploration and sampling, and labo­ fresh-water aquifers apparently interfinger with ratory mixing, molding of clay pellets, and firing and aquifers containing brackish or salty water. Aquifers crushing tests. Fabrication of concrete test cylinders in piedmont deposits adjacent to the Shillong Plateau and. crushing tests, as well as determinations of sp«xiific and the Chittagong Hills yield some water to wells, but gravity, liquid limit, plastic index, and in-place mois­ apparently are not as productive as the alluvial aquifers ture are included in the testing. This project could of the central part of the province. have profound significance in East Pakistan, T^here Fresh and saline ground-water zones in the Punjab region building materials are extremely scarce. Extensive drilling and water sampling from some Indus River damsite 1,125 test holes put down in the Punjab region of West As a result of prior regional geologic mapping of Pakistan have permitted both vertical and areal delinea­ the Hazara District, James Calkins was able to com­ tion of fresh and saline ground-water zones down to plete a general geological survey of the Tarbela damsite, depths of 1,500 feet. According to W. V. Swarzenski, a giant earthfill dam on the Indus River. The Tarbela saline ground water occurs down gradient from sources engineers were supplied with 'basic information needed of recharge, particularly in the central parts of the in- in their initial appraisal of the grouting and foundation terfluvial areas. Below depths of 1,500 to 1,700 feet problems and in planning a detailed drilling program. most of the Punjab region is underlain by saline ground Knowledge of the regional geology made it possible to water. Characteristically the water quality grades from predict the existence of a complex fault system that calcium-magnesium bicarbonate types near sources of passes down the Indus through the damsite. recharge, through intermediate mixed or sodium bicar­ bonate types, to sodium chloride or sulfate types where KENYA the water is highly mineralized, as in discharge areas. Salinity patterns can be best explained by processes of Ground water in the Coast Province of Kenya evaporation from the water table and solution of min­ D. W. Brown reports that the rangelands of the erals within the alluvial aquifer. Coast Province of Kenya have not reached their full Mineral investigations livestock and game potential owing largely to defHent Targets for investigation under the mineral-resources water supply, particularly in the dry season. Mo^t ex­ appraisal program conducted jointly by the Geological isting surface-water sources are temporary. However, Survey of Pakistan (GSP) and the U.S. Geological ground water is widely available in the weatherec1 zone Survey (USGS), include (1) chromite and associated and fracture systems of crystalline metamorphic rocks A182 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES that underlie most of the region; ground water is also to red laminated sandstones with intercalated arkoses, locally available in the more permeable beds of the siltstones, mudstones, and conglomerates. Tl ? beds are Duruma Sandstone. Moderately intensive hydro- relatively flat lying or dip gently toward the ITea. Except geologic exploration and appraisal of the region is for sparse carbonized and silicified plant fragments, no needed before extensive ground-water development is well-preserved fossils have been found. Cobble of sand­ undertaken. stone and black shale occasionally wash up on the LIBERIA beaches southeast of Monrovia. The shale is not known in the onshore sedimentary sequence, but it apparently Mineral resources crops out on the ocean bottom only a short distance Investigations of the Mt. Montro kyanite-bearing offshore. The rock is bituminous and contains ostra- gneiss by S. A. Stanin (r!473) (USGS) and B. R. codes(?) and carbonized plant fragments. Crude Cooper, Liberian Geological Survey (LGS), indicate petroleum residue occasionally washes up on the same that there are total reserves of approximately 10,150,000 beaches; the source of this conceivably is nearby off­ tons of kyanitic rock containing an estimated 2,400,000 shore seeps, but the material could 'be transported from tons of kyanite. The 411,000 cu yd of overlying residual afar. soil is estimated to contain 186,000 tons of kyanite. The Geologic mapping in the vicinity of the Mano River deposit should be of interest to private industry because iron mine by R. W. White (USGS) and M. W. G. Baker of the large size and favorable grade and purity of the (LGS) has shown that the bedrock consists of a se­ deposit, and its close proximity to a paved highway, port quence of metasedimentary rocks (iron formation, bio- facilities, and to water, electrical power, and timber tite and quartzofeldspathic schists, and amphibolite) supplies. metamorphosed to amphibolite facies, lying upon and L. V. Blade has delineated a widespread sedimentary folded into biotite granitic gneisses. The metasedimen­ clay deposit near Monrovia in the New Georgia- tary rocks seem to lie in synclines that trend north to Bushrod Island area. Field studies indicate that the northeast, separated by gneiss up warps; however, many deposit is as much as 20 feet thick and that it has a minor structures trend northwesterly, and multiple de­ total volume in excess of 1 million cu yd. The clay formation is probable. The metasedimentary rocks have is highly plastic; preliminary laboratory work suggests been intruded by sill-like ultramafic bodies, irregular that it could be used for ceramic ware as well as bricks pegmatites and aplites, and northwest-trending diabase and other industrial clay products. dikes. The iron deposits apparently are a result of en­ Sam Roseriblum (USGS) and S. P. Srivastava richment of iron formations and lateritic -weathering. (LGS) are investigating sands of the Monrovia region The primary iron formation seems to have f\ high pro­ as materials for a glass industry. Preliminary findings portion of silicate minerals in addition to quartz and indicate that relatively pure silica sands are available in iron oxides, which may be the cause of the high alumina large quantities in many places around Monrovia. Iron content of some of the ore. However, the lateritic iron­ content of the sands seems to be low, but the presence of stone capping is developed across schists, diabase, and some kyanite grains may prove detrimental, because other rocks intimately intermixed with the tightly this refractory mineral could cause melt problems. folded iron formation, which is a more important cause However, the high specific gravity of kyanite and its of the irregular grade of the ore. characteristic bladed habit may permit removal of the Mapping by U.S. Geological Survey and Liberian kyanite, possibly at little additional processing cost. The kyanite problem will be evaluated during the course Geological Survey geologists has shown that the broad, of the sand study. northwest-trending zone of diabase dikes, first recog­ nized by geologists of the Liberian-American-Swedish Geologic mapping, geochronology, and petrographic Minerals Co. (LAMCO) in the LAMCO exploration studies territory of central Liberia, is continuous through west­ Geologic mapping in Liberia by teams of U.S. ern Liberia into eastern Sierra Leone. Reconnaissance Geological Survey and Liberian Geological Survtefy work in southeastern Liberia has indicated a similar geologists and mining companies has previously shown that nearly all of Liberia is underlain by Precambrian broad zone of northwest-trending dikes on strike with crystalline rocks. However, a veneer of unmetamor- that to the northwest. A second, less well-defined zone phosed sedimentary rocks crops out intermittently of northwest-trending dikes parallels the shoreline in along the coastal area of western Liberia. Mapping by the coastal area of western and central Libfia. Initial R. W. White has shown that the sedimentary rocks in results (five determinations) on K-Ar age determina­ the area southeast of Monrovia are composed of white tions by G. B. Dalrymple (USGS) suggest that the SUMMARY BY COUNTRIES A183 two zones may be of differing ages, an interior zone of MAURITIUS about 400 m.y., and a coastal zone of about 180 m.y. Reconnaissance mapping and petrographic study by Ground-water reconnaissance of Mauritius G. W. Leo have shown that rocks of granulite facies crop According to P. T. Voegeli the island of Mauritius in out in a belt as much as 15 miles wide; it trends parallel the Indian Ocean is formed almost entirely of volcanic to the coast, extending northwest from Monrovia to the rocks of 'basaltic composition. Ground water on th°. is­ Sierra Leone border. Both metasedimentary granulites land occurs chiefly in a young highly permeable volcanic and mafic granulites of igneous origin are abundant. series which rests on an irregular surface of less perme­ The metamorphic grade ranges from pyroxene granulite able older rocks of similar lithology. At present the to hornblende granulite f acies, with almost impercep­ available ground-water resources of the island are only tible gradation to rocks of amphibolite f acies along at partly developed, chiefly through dug wells. Much fresh least a part of the boundary. water is lost to the sea from spring discharge along* the coast. A large potential exists for additional develop­ MOROCCO ment through drilled wells, spring captations, and galleries. Water-supply problems in Morocco TURKEY According to D. A. Phoenix, the availability of ade­ quate water-supply sources in Morocco is affected by the Mapping and mineral exploration program great diversity in climatic, physiographic, and geohy- A cooperative mineral-exploration and training pro­ drologic environments and the intensification of related gram was initiated by the Turkish Mineral Research and land and water use brought about by many centuries of Exploration Institute (MTA) and the U.S. Geological human occupancy. A few of the outstanding water Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Agency for Inter­ problems in the country today are: expanding industrial national Development. The program began with a recon­ and municipal water requirements, limitations in naissance of Turkey's principal iron and base-metal dis­ ground-water supplies, increasing irrigation perimeters, tricts ; the Egmir-Balya-Samli district of western Tur­ repetitive damage by floods, siltation of reservoirs, and key and the Ergani district of central Turkey were deterioration of water quality both along the coast and selected for systematic geologic mapping and investiga­ inland. Phoenix suggests that both research and hydro- tion of metalliferous deposits. Ten areas in northwestern logic education are needed in Morocco to develop and Turkey were identified as primary targets for aeronag- manage the water resources. netic surveys and geologic reconnaissance; six of these areas were surveyed during the year, 'but no economically NIGERIA important iron deposits were found. Artesian water in the So koto Basin Preliminary study of the Karamadazi iron mir^ in According to reports by H. R. Anderson and William south-central Turkey was completed by H. S. Jacobson Ogilbee (r0155) 76, borehole exploration in semiarid (USGS) and Turkish geologists.77 The mine is at a northwestern Nigeria has identified three extensive ar­ contact between granite and Carboniferous and Pernian tesian and subartesian aquifers that underlie most of limestones. Magnetite ore has f ormed by replacement in the 23,000 sq mi of the Sokoto Basin. The aquifers occur a contact zone which is about 1,150 feet long and SO to in sandy members of the Eocene Gwandu Formation 70 feet wide; reserves above the main mining levej are and the Cretaceous Rima Group and Gundumi For­ estimated at 1 million tons. mation. The Gwandu aquifer extends beneath an area of 5,700 sq mi in Nigeria with free-flow areas in about SAUDI ARABIA 1,000 sq mi. The Rima and Gundumi aquifers also yield Mineral investigations free flow to boreholes located in the fadama (lowland) of the Sokoto River, and although areally more ex­ The nature and extent of the ore beneath and beyond tensive, are generally somewhat less productive than the the principal workings at the ancient silver-mining site Gwandu. The chemical quality of water from all three of Samrah, south of Dawadami, were tested in 18 dia­ aquifers is generally good, although the iron content is mond-drill holes. Mineralization of economic grade and high in places, and salinity increases in the deeper parts minable width was noted in 9 holes over a strike length of the aquifers. of about 750 feet. The highest values were in one 5-foot section of core which assayed 58.0 oz Ag per ton, 13.0 78 William Ogilbee and H. R. Anderson, 1955, Exploratory drilling for ground water in western Sokoto Province, Nigeria, with particular 77 H. S. Jacobson, Durmaz Yazgan, Turan Arda, and Huseyin Fflibeli, reference to artesian aquifers in the Gwandu Formation : U.S. Geol. in press, Geology of the Karamadazi iron mine, Kayseri province, Tur­ Survey open-file report, 96 p., 9 figs. key : Turkey Maden Tetkik ve Arama Bnstitusu.

318-835 O - 68 - 13 A184 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES percent Zn, and 7.8 percent Pb. The principal ore min­ by 'both geophysical and geochemioal worV. Diamond erals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and several silver drilling is encouraging and will be continued to test minerals, of which pyrargyrite and tetrahedrite have the extent and depth of mineralization. been identified. The ore is found along steeply dipping The potentially valuable phosphate bed in the Thani- shears and fracture zones characterized in places by yat Turaif area has been traced in outcrop for about 30 brecciated mylonite and quartz-carbonate veins devel­ miles in a roughly west-trending bluff which forms the oped in a heterogeneous assemblage of igneous rocks rim of the Sirhan-Turaif basin. The bei ranges in ranging in composition from gabbro through granite. thickness from 1 to 10 feet and in grade fron about 12 to Disseminated copper minerals in metasedimentary 30 percent P2O5. The phosphate is soft and friable rocks have been discovered near Wadi Yiba, east of throughout its length. It occurs in a zone at the top of Qunfidah. Secondary chalcocite and malachite are the the Cretaceous Aruma Formation, which dips about minerals of principal interest, although zinc, gold, and iy2 ° north-northeast into the subsurface from its out­ silver are present, possibly in recoverable amounts. De­ crop at the rim-bluff. An adit driven 75 feet northward tailed studies, including geological mapping, geophysi­ into the phosphate on the west side of West Thaniyat cal surveys, diamond drilling, and sampling, extend indicated that the fresh phosphate rock is of the same over an area of approximately 3V& sq mi, and reconnais­ grade and friability as the weathered phorr>hate at the sance studies extend over a total strike length of 48 miles. outcrop. The friable nature of the phosphate bed, which Copper mineralization has been observed in siliceous contains impurities of quartz sand, clay, ard marl, sug­ dolomite, pyroclastic rocks, and along shear zones. The gests that beneficiation of the bed may be possible; most extensive mineralization found to date is in pyro­ channel samples have been sent to the Tenra.ssee Valley clastic rocks which are stratigraphically higher than the Authority for laboratory tests. siliceous dolomite. The general distribution of mineral­ ized outcrops and the concordant relationship of copper CENTO COUNTRIES mineralization to bedding where the rocks are only CENTO training slightly metamorphosed and relatively undisturbed sug­ gest that mineralization is stratabound. The copper- The second annual Central Treaty Organization bearing strata are sharply folded into a north-plunging (CENTO) training course in geologic-mapping tech­ syncline transected by at least two fault systems. The niques was conducted from July 6 to August 31, 1967, metasedimentary rocks are separated from older volcanic under the supervision of E. H. Bailey (USGS) as­ rocks by a major north-striking fault. In the northern sisted by D. H. Kupfer, of Louisiana State University, part of the area, siliceous thin-bedded tuff with alternate and J. W. Barnes, of the University of Wales, College beds rich in disseminated malachite are separated by of Swansea. Donald Schlick, of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, conducted a 1-week program of irstruction on beds poor in copper. Here it would seem that the mala­ sampling, calculating of reserves, and mine planning. chite was deposited contemporaneously with the tuff. The course was held in the Hindubagh DHrict, West The ancient Esh Sha'ib mine, about 30 miles south Pakistan, where part of the ultramafic-m<\fic complex of Tathlith and 5 miles east of the Bishah-Najran road, and the selected chromite mines were intensively studied lies in a" gossan developed on a thin sequence of meta­ and mapped by 15 trainees from the CENTO coun­ sedimentary rocks made up of impure quartzite, meta- tries Turkey, Iran, and Pakistan. A combined report arkose, marble, and hornblende schist. These rocks are on all work performed by the graduate stuc^nts is being cut by small dikes of pegmatite, diorite, and basalt. The prepared for publication. gossan, which crops out as a low ridge in a narrow wadi, has a continuous strike length of about half a mile and KOREA a width of 2 to approximately 100 feet. Two smaller gossans parallel the main gossan about 330 feet to the Ground water in the Anyang Chon Basin south. Analysis of nearly 200 samples of gossan material In an investigation of the ground-water resources of shows it to be anomalous in silver, barium, bismuth, the Anyang Chon Basin in Korea, J. T. Callahan and cadmium, copper, molybdenum, lead, antimony, tin, others (r2168) conclude that ground-water storage in vanadium, manganese, and zinc. Of these elements, only the 245 cu km basin-is about 1,410 million en m of which zinc, copper, and silver appear to be economically inter­ 190 million cu m is contained in alluvium, 980 million esting. Concentrations of zinc reach more than 8 per­ cu m in saprolite, and 240 million cu m in crystalline cent, copper more than 6 percent, and silver more tohan rocks. The aquifers of the basin should yield at least 100 150 ppm in the iron-rich samples. Extension of mineral­ million cu m of water per year, a little more than double ization beyond its presently known limits is supported the pumpage in 1967. ANTARCTICA M85 ANTARCTICA unity of this large area. The possible causes of florstic isolation still are under consideration. Comparison of Geological, geophysical, and paleontological studies the Antarctic Permian flora with that of other Gond­ were conducted in the laboratories and offices of the wana areas suggests that for the most part ArtinsHan U.S. Geological Survey on rocks, fossils, and data col­ to Tatarian deposits may be represented, but the pres­ lected by Geological Survey personnel in the Trans- ence of younger Permian deposits is not precluded. antarctic Mountains (fig. 6). These investigations are Deposits of Carboniferous age have not been proved part of the U.S. Antarctic Research Program, supported within Antarctica. Devonian collections, while not ex­ and coordinated by the U.S. National Science Founda­ tensive, are consistent with cosmopolitan plant distribu­ tion and resulting from fieldwork logistically supported tion. Triassic plant-bearing beds have been identified by the U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze. Base maps near the East Antarctic margin of the Transantarctic and aerial photographs are available through the Topo­ Mountains, in some places apparently conformable ^ith graphic Division of the Geological Survey as part of underlying Permian deposits. Possibly both Lower their mapping program in Antarctica (see section (Panchet) and Middle (Molteno) Triassic mar be "Topographic Surveys and Mapping, Mapping in represented. Antarctica"). Postorogenic basalt and diabase, Pensacola Mounliins Diabase and basalt in sills and dikes intrude sedinen- tary rocks of late Precambrian through Permian a^*^ in the Pensacola Mountains and adjacent Mount Sp^nn and Mount Ferrara area. Diabase of late Precambrian age is intensively deformed and metamorphosed to chlorite grade. Relatively unaltered diabase of probable Jurassic age, mapped and sampled by D. L. Schmidt, A. B. Ford, W. H. Nelson, and R. D. Brown, Jr., at the Pecora Escarpment in the southernmost Pensacola Mountains, occurs as sills in glossopteriod-bearing sedi­ mentary rocks of Permian age. This diabase appears closely related in chemistry to postorogenic basalt and diabase dikes that occur in folded sedimentary rochs as young as Permian in the northern Pensacola Mount ains and in the adjacent Mount Spann and Mount Ferrara area. The dikes thus are considered by Ford to plar/e a probable minimum age of Jurassic on the post-Perriian deformation in the Pensacola Mountains. Post-Permian deformation is unrecorded elsewhere in the Transant­ arctic Mountains except possibly in north Victoria Land but was extensive in the Ellsworth Mountains of West FIGURE 6. Index map of Antarctica. Antarctic. The postorogenic basalt and diabase have a thole Title character demonstrated by major oxide analyses which Gondwanaland paleobotany show low total alkalies (average about 2.5 weight per­ Antarctic Permian deposits are characterized by the cent) in relation to silica (average about 52 percent). common representatives of Glossopteridales, Cordai- Analyses of little differentiated chill zones plot between tales, and Equisetales that are known from other Gond- the hypersthene tholeiite and pigeonite tholeiite magma wana continents (Australia, India, Africa, southeastern types of B. M. Gunn for Jurassic sheets of south Vic­ South America) according to J. M. Schopf. The ap­ toria Land. The ratio of low total alkalies to silica of parent lack of subprovinces within the large Gondwana the Jurassic (?) basalt and diabase is shared by the gab- supercontinent, as defined on the basis of these plants, bros of the nearby Dufek Massif in the northern Pen­ is as difficult to explain as the conspicuous presence of sacola Mountains, which form the lower part of a post- the glossopterids within the whole of Gondwanaland Permian stratiform mafic complex. A. B. Ford and and their virtual absence elsewhere. The floristic isola­ W. W. Boyd, Jr., estimate that the thickness of this com­ tion of Gondwanaland from other land areas of the plex is about 7 km and that its area is at least 9,000 world is no more surprising than the remarkable floristic sq km. A186 GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES

Paleomcignetism of the Dufek stratiform intrusion, Elliott Sandstone are made up largely of volcanic Pensacola Mountains quartz, feldspar, and volcanic-rock fragments locally Paleomagnetic studies by M. E. Beck, Jr., N. C. derived from flows and tuffs of the Gambacorta Forma­ Lindsley, and A. B. Ford were continued on about 250 tion of probable Cambrian age. Sandstones of the oriented samples from the Dufek stratiform intrusion. Neptune Group and the Dover Sandstone contain pro­ The gabbros from the Dufek Massif are magnetically gressively fewer volcanic fragments strata graphically stable and yield a paleomagnetic-pole position of 47.5° upward, and the sediment was probably der ved largely S., 164.0° W., which, when corrected for a gentle south- from older sedimentary rocks and from era tonic rocks. westward dip of the igneous layering, is 56.0° S., 175.5° Gneiss and granite clasts in the Gale Mudstone were W. This pole is close to the pole position for Jurassic derived directly from the craton during glf tiation, but diabase sheets from elsewhere in Antarctica. Intensity of abundant rounded quartz grains suggest that much of remanent magnetism decreases stratigraphically down­ the sediment was incorporated from sedimentary rocks, ward from, a high in the gabbros of the Forrestal Kange probably from the underlying Dover Sandstone and to a low in the lower gabbro of the Dufek Massif. Two Neptune Group. Much of the feldspar-rich sandstone in zones of reversed polarity occur: (1) a lower zone be­ the Pecora Formation was probably derived directly tween 2 normal zones makes up about 20 percent of the from the craton, the only source capable of supplying 2,000-m Dufek section, and (2) an upper zone makes up large amounts of feldspar. about 65 percent of the 2,000-m. Forrestal section. Evi­ Continental!?) tillitic deposits of late Paleozoic age dence now points toward field reversal rather than Upper Paleozoic tillitic deposits in the Eorlick, Pen­ self reversal, although mineralogic studies are still sacola, and Ellsworth Mountains are unusually thick, incomplete. 300 to 1,000 m, and consist of massive nonstratified Origin of sandstones in the Pensacola Mountains diamictite with only minor beds of sandstone and silt- The composite column of sedimentary rocks, pre­ stone. Such massive tillite is commonly believed to be dominantly sandstone, within the Pensacola Mountains slump deposits of glacial-marine origin. However, ow­ is probably about 10,000 m thick and contains rocks ing to lack of other affirmative criteria for a marine ori­ ranging in age from late Precambian through Per­ gin, the tillitic unit in the Pensacola Mountains is tenta­ mian. On the basis of petrographic study by P. L. Wil­ tively considered by D. L. Schmidt and P. L. Williams liams these sandstones are either quartzites or subgray­ to be of nonmarine origin, partially on tin basis of its wackes; detrital feldspar is notably a subordinate low content of B, Li, S, Mn, Ni, and Co as compared mineral. with the content of the same minor elements in modern Sandstones in the turbidites of the Patuxent Forma­ glacial-marine deposits off the coast of Antarctica. tion of late Precambrian age are mostly poorly sorted Reconnaissance of north Victoria Land lithic subgraywackes with a fine-grained matrix meta­ North Victoria Land and the adjoining East Antarc­ morphosed in the chlorite zone. Sandstones in the Wiens tic region to the west is the only part of Antarctica Formation of Cambrian(?) age are well-sorted lithic where a transition between the Transantarctic Moun­ subgraywackes and graywackes. Sandstones of early tain fold belt of late Precambrian and early Paleozoic and middle Paleozoic age, the Elliott, Elbow, and Heiser age and the East Antarctic craton of older Precambrian Formations fo the Neptune Group and the overlying age might be traced out through exposed rock. Else­ Dover Sandstone, are well-sorted mature quartzite and where the transition is buried beneath thousands of quartzose subgraywackes. The Gale Mudstone, a tillite meters of ice and snow, if one assumes that none of the of Permian age, is a subgraywacke, and for a tillite has crystalline basement rock within the Transantarctic a relatively well sorted sand-size fraction. The Pecora Mountains is East Antarctic craton. Yet the stratig­ Formation of Permian age is a fine-grained graywacke. raphy in north Victoria Land still defies solution, even Most of the sandstones in the Pensacola Mountains though the rock units and regional structural trends are are marine deposits and are of varied and mixed prov­ now well known through three, sledging surveys by New enance, as indicated by lithic fragments. Sediment in Zealanders and an extensive helicopter reconnaissance the Patuxent Formation was derived largely from by W. B. Hamilton, D. F. Crowder, and D. A. Coates in granitic and high-grade metamorphic terrane of the November 1964. East Antarctic craton, but a part of the sediment was North Victoria Land is within the Transantarctic derived from intraformational volcanics and from lime­ Mountain fold belt part of the region. In the area stone and sandstone of a penecontemporaneous miogeo- (Crowder, p. D95-D107) the extensive rhythmically in- synclinal or shelf facies. The Wiens Formation and terbedded graywacke and siltstone sequence of the ANTARCTICA A187 Robertson Bay Group is bounded on the west by the analyses of rocks from the Hallett province with 22 Bowers Group, of shallower water origin. Both groups new analyses of rocks from the McMurdo volcanic prov­ are now low-grade semischists, phyllites, and slates with ince of the southern Ross Sea shows the two terranes to northwest-trending fold axes. The Bowers Group con­ be similar chemically. sists of the Camp Ridge Quartzite and, west of it, the Interpretation of magnetic-intensity map Sledgers Formation composed mostly of calcareous Absolute total-magnetic-intensity data collected in sedimentary rocks and some volcanic rocks. An exten­ the Antarctic area by expeditions of Australia, England, sive unit of medium-grade gneiss and schist lying west Japan, New Zealand, the United States, and the of the Bowers Group rocks may be more highly meta­ U.S.S.R. have been used by J. C. Behrendt to compile a morphosed equivalents of the low-grade sedimentary 2°-square mean residual total intensity m£p. This map rocks. shows a more negative residual field in East Antarctica Post-tectonic granodioritic plutons are of possible than in West Antarctica; the transition lies roughly middle or late Paleozoic age and are intruded into the along the Transantarctic Mountains. A 1°-square ir^an low-grade sedimentary rocks as discrete, equidimen- residual map compiled for a portion of West Ant­ sional masses with conspicuous aureoles of black horn- arctica and the area of the Transantarctic Mountains fels. Whether similar granodiorite plutons in the gneiss shows the linear gradients along this transition in more and schist terrane are of the some age is uncertain. detail. A correlation exists between the residual mag­ Small outliers of flat-lying arkosic sandstone lie un- netic data and Bouguer anomaly, crustal structure, conf ormably on the gneiss and schist and on the Sledg­ bedrock topography, and surface geology; therefore, ers Formation and are cut by dolerite sills. Locally, it seems likely that all or part of the source of the these Mesozoic Beacon and (or) Ferrar Group rocks are 3,000-km-wave-length magnetic anomaly is in the tilted or tightly folded. crust or upper mantle. Two types of models illustrate Hallett volcanic province that a source within the upper 40 km may be possible. The four long, narrow piles of upper Cenozoic One model controls the field by a single body with a basalt and trachyte that rise from the continental shelf varying contact between 15 and 35 km depth but re­ in a broken line trending northward along the moun­ quires a magnetization of 0.058 emu. A second model tainous Ross Sea coast of northeastern Victoria Land consists of many bodies of varying thickness of greater have been studied by W. B. Hamilton. From south to than 40 km depth that are so closely spaced that the north, the piles are Coulman Island (the shortest, 34 anomalies due to the individual bodies are super­ km), Daniell Peninsula, Hallett Peninsula, and Adare imposed, with a magnetization of 0.0056 emu. The high Peninsula (the longest, 77 km). Each pile consists of a magnetization of the first model requires a susceptibility thick foundation of palagonitic and pillow breccias, of 0.1 emu for induced magnetization or 0.05 emu with a dikes, and sills, and is topped by a veneer of subaerial Q of 1 with remanant magnetization in the same direc­ flows and tuffs. Each long pile is a composite of over­ tion as the present field and therefore is highly improba­ lapping products from central vents, most of which ble. The second model is more feasible in that it requires occur within a narrow zone; altitudes of the major susceptibility of 0.0098 emu even if only induced irag- young volcanoes are typically 1,800 to 2,100 m. The netization is assumed. The magnetic models and the breccia foundations formed when the continental Bouger anomaly agree qualitatively. Both models can shelf which in this region is now ice free 'bore grounded ice whose surface was as high as 1,800 m. be interpreted to indicate a greater amount of high den­ The precise age range of the breccias is not known, but sity, strongly magnetic mafic rock above the Curie iso­ that all the volcanic piles remain active is attested by therm in West Antarctica than in East Antarctica. Thus very young cinder cones upon them. The volcanic-rock it is concluded that the long-wave-length magnetic types range from ultramafic basanites to extremely sodic anomaly in Antarctica may reasonably be accounted for trachytes. The most common rocks are varied alkaline in the crust or upper mantle and does not necessarily augite and olivine basalts. Comparison of 33 chemical require a core source.

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING PROGRAM MANAGEMENT nected with a national telecommunications network to three regional offices, began in the fall of 1967. Federal mapping coordination Parts of an automated program data bank have been On May 6, 1967, the Bureau of the Budget issued a designed and programed for the computer. Either by revised Circular A-16, which placed govermentwide itself or combined with other management systems, leadership in the Department of the Interior for assur­ this library of planning and financial data is designed ing coordinated planning and execution of national for rapid retrieval and programed analysis. One qnery topographic mapping, production of the National Atlas, program is working. Options provide for listing- the map information activities, and the related carto­ information and plotting it either on a 1:4,500,000- graphic activities of other Federal agencies. This scale sectional base map of the United States or on larger responsibility was then assigned to the Geological Sur­ scale geographic diagrams. A book of contour intervals vey. Also included in the revised circular was a provision planned for about 54,000 map areas was printed with that the Interior Department would arrange for an these techniques, and provision was made for upda ting exchange of information among Federal agencies con­ the information. cerning technological developments in cartographic Portions of a new automated accounting management activities by civilian agencies. system are being integrated with the program data In beginning the implementation of the topographic bank, automated operating programing system, and mapping provisions of the revised Circular A-16, the Geological Survey accounting, personnel, and payroll Geological Survey has taken two actions to date, both systems. Costs are accumulated in management cen­ in the form of major conferences. On September 18 and ters and distributed to projects by direct hours of labor. 19,1967, it sponsored a Federal Mapping Coordination Reports will cover costs, schedules, production, and Conference in Washington, bringing together almost man-hours. The first stage planned for implementation 100 representatives and observers from Federal agencies is the work-in-progress segment of the data bank cover­ that either produce or use maps, to discuss coordination ing about 700,000 characters for about 10,000 records, of the Federal mapping effort, both from a program and and reports of production and hours for mapping. These a technical standpoint. reports are to be teleprocessed and computer edited On October 30 and 31, 1967, the Geological Survey to assure integrity of source data an important con­ held a briefing for the Federal mapping and charting trol procedure because most significant management agencies. This conference was the first of its kind which reports will be derived from these data. met the new A-16 requirement for technical exchange, Another major component of the management system and was broadened to serve the purpose of briefing the is the Resources Balancing System. In this system as Department of Defense and other mapping and chart­ many as 30 discrete operations for each of 6 years ing agencies on the National Topographic Program. are scheduled and semiautomatically balanced with Program analysis funds and capacity by the linear programing technique. Automation of management data, including profyram The Topographic Division has a contract with the decisions relative to current and new projects, has been System Development Corporation for a comprehensive designed. Ultimately, this balancing procedure w'll be program review. This review should enable the Division fully automatic, although managers can override any to develop a system for evaluating economic benefit part of the system and alternative solutions can be factors to be used in establishing mapping priorities and planning programs. readily developed. Computer reports include forecasts of cost, production, manpower, and schedules. Three Automation in program management major routines were developed and extended to all Significant segments of a comprehensive topographic- regional offices this year. program management system were installed while re­ Automation of source data and of several management search in automation continued on other segments. actions pertaining to the start of new projects was Central processing on the IBM 360/65 computer, con­ designed. In this system, it is planned to combine two A189 A190 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING documents on one form to permit single input of the and changes in the terrain. During fiscal year 1968, 359 data required to authorize new projects and to code general-purpose quadrangle maps (including- 88 interim their characteristics. revision quadrangles) of the 71/£-minute series and 9 quadrangles of the 1'5-minute series were revised and MAPPING ACCOMPLISHMENTS forwarded for printing. Most of these nr\ps are in urban areas or in States that are completely mapped in Objectives of the National Topographic Program the 71/£-minute series. About 1,700 maps ar^ currently The major function of the Topographic Division of in the revision program (fig. 8). the U.S. Geological Survey is to prepare and maintain Revision methods vary, but usually are a com­ maps of the National Topographic Series covering the bination of photogrammetric, field, and cartographic United States and other areas under the sovereignty procedures designed to update map content and to of the United States of America. The individual series, maintain or improve the original accuracy of the maps. at various scales, constitute a fundamental part of the The interim revision method, which was introduced in basic data needed to inventory, develop, and manage the fiscal year 1967 and implemented in fiscal year 1968, natural resources of the country. Other functions of the consists of obtaining information from aerial photo­ Topographic Division include the production of special graphs about changes in cultural and plani metric fea­ maps, and research and development in techniques and tures that have occurred in an area, and pointing the instrumentation. new data in purple on the previous edition of the map. Procedures for obtaining copies of the map products This type of revision relies primarily on photointer- of the Survey are given under "How to Order Publica­ pretation and involves no fieldwork or contonr changes. tions" in the section "Publications Program." Interim revision is being applied first ir the urban Series and scales and suburban sections of the country where rapid ex­ pansion and development have caused many maps to be­ All topographic surveys for general-purpose quad­ come out of date. As the revision backlog in urban areas rangle mapping, except those in Alaska, conform to is reduced, the interim revision program will be applied standards of accuracy and content required for publica­ to rural areas. tion at a scale of 1:24,000. Maps of a few remote areas have been published initially at a scale of 1:62,500. In fiscal year 1968 approximately 2,300 g-eneral-pur- However, the 1:24,000-scale surveys for these areas, in pose quadrangle maps were reprinted to replenish the form of map manuscripts, are available as advance stocks. prints and for future publication at the larger scale. 1 : 250,000-scale series Maps of Alaska are published at a scale of 1: 63,360, or The 48 conterminous States and Hawaii are com­ "inch-to-the-mile." pletely covered by 1:250,000-scale maps originally Quadrangle-map coverage of the Nation prepared as military editions by the U.S. Army Map General-purpose quadrangle-map coverage at scales Service. These maps are 'being revised and maintained of 1: 24,000,1: 62,500,1: 63,360 (Alaska), and 1: 20,000 by the Topographic Division, with certain changes and (Puerto Rico) is available for approximately 78 per­ additions to make them more suitable for civil use. The cent of the area of the 50 States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Geological Survey prepared and published P, reconnais­ Islands, Guam, and American Samoa. Included in this sance series for Alaska at. 1:250,000 scale in the past, coverage is about 8 percent of the total area which is now and is now replacing these maps with an improved se­ available only as advance prints at these scales. ries based on larger-scale source material and on photo­ A total of 1,372 maps, published during fiscal year grammetric compilations. Figure 9 shows revision work 1968, cover previously unmapped areas equivalent to in progress on 1: 250,000-scale maps. 2.5 percent of the area of the 50 States and territories State maps referred to above. In addition, 413 new maps at a scale State maps are published at scales of 1: 500,000 and of 1:24,000, equivalent to approximately 1 percent of 1:1,000,000 for all States except Alaska and Hawaii. the total area, were published to replace 15-minute State maps of Alaska are published at scales of 1:1,- quadrangle maps (scale 1:62,500) which do not meet 584,000 and 1:2,500,000. A State map of Hawaii has present needs. For the extent and location of map cov­ been authorized and will be prepared for publication erage, see figure 7. at 1: 500,000 scale. Map revision and maintenance The series of State maps, compiled according to mod­ Map revision is necessary to show changes in man- em standards, now contains 41 maps covering 45 States made features, such as new roads, buildings, reservoirs, and the District of Columbia (fig. 10). All these maps MAPPING ACCOMPLISHMENTS M91

t- s OB -i->3 -l->03 02 COto

June 30,1968

MAPPING IN PROGRESS

Interim revision

I Standard revision

FIGURE 8. Revision in progress, 7^- and 15-minute series topographic mapping. MAPPING ACCOMPLISHMENTS A193

June 30, 1968

Revision in prepress

FIGURE 9. Revision of 1: 250,000-scale topographic mapping. are published in planimetric editions; contour and Davenport-Rock Island- Norfolk-Portsmouth-Nevport shaded-relief editions are also available for most of Moline, Iowa-Ill. News, Va. Dayton, Ohio Oakland, Oalif. them. Five of the maps, California, Colorado, Illinois, Denver, Colo. Peoria, 111. Missouri, and New Mexico, are being revised. Other Detroit, Mich. (2 sheets) Philadelphia, Pa. (2 sheets) conterminous States are covered by an earlier series, Duluth-Superior, Minn.-Wis. Pittsburgh, Pa. also shown in figure 10. Fort Worth, Tex. Portland-Vancouver, Ore<*.- Gary, Ind. Wash. Metropolitan-area maps Hartford-New Britain, Conn. Rochester, N.Y. Metropolitan-area maps are prepared by combining Honolulxi, Hawaii Salt Lake City, Utah on one or more sheets the T1/^-minute quadrangles that Houston, Tex. San Diego, Calif. Indianapolis, Ind. San Francisco, Calif. cover a metropolitan area. Maps of 59 metropolitan Juneau, Alaska San Juan, P.R. areas have been published, including 3 revised maps Knoxville, Tenn. Seattle, Wash. that were completed during fiscal year 1968. Maps in the Little Rock, Ark. Shreveport, La. metropolitan-area series include: Long Beach, Calif. Spokane, Wash. Los Angeles, Calif. (2 sheets) Tacoma, Wash. Albuquerque, N. Mex. Buffalo, N.Y. Louisville, Ky. Toledo, Ohio Anchorage, Alaska Champaign-Urbana, 111. Madison, Wis. Washington, D.C. Atlanta, Ga. Chattanooga, Tenn. Milwaukee, Wis. Wichita, Kans. Austin, Tex. Chicago, 111. (3 sheets) Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. Wilkes-Barre-Pittston, Fa. Baton Rouge, La. Cincinnati, Ohio New Haven, Conn. Wilmington, Del. Boston, Mass. Cleveland, Ohio New Orleans, La. Worcester, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn. Columbus, Ohio New York, N.Y. (8 sheets) Youngstown, Ohio A194 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING

Jurv? 30, 1968

PUB'fSHED MAPS

|H Contour and planimetric

Plan metric only

MAPPIN'G IN PROGRESS

[\^| Contour and planimetric

Hn Con'our only*

*Planimetr'c edition published

FIGURE 10. Status of State topographic maps.

National-park maps Colorado National Monument, Great Smoky Mountains Na­ Colo. tional Park rnd Vicinity, Maps of 41 of the 214 national parks, monuments, Crater Lake National Park, N.C.-Tenn. historic sites, and other areas administered by the Na­ Oreg. Isle Royale National Park, tional Park Service have been published and are avail­ Craters of the Moon National Mich. able for distribution. These usually are made by com­ Monument, Idaho Lassen Volcanic National bining the existing quadrangle maps of the area into Custer Battlefield, Mont. Park, Calif. one map sheet, but occasionally surveys are made cover­ Devils Tower National Monu­ Mammoth Cave National Park, ment, Wyo. Ky. ing only the park area. Most of the other parks, monu­ Dinosaur National Monument, ments, and historic sites are shown on maps of the Mesa Verde National Park, Colo.-Utah Colo. general-purpose quadrangle series. Work in progress Franklin D. Roosevelt National Mount McKinley National included the preparation of one new map and the revi­ Historic Site, N.Y. Park, Alaska Glacier National Park, Mont. sion of three others. Published maps in the national- Mount Rainier National Park, Grand Canyon National Monu­ park series include: ment, Ariz. Wash. Olympic National Park, Wash- Acadia National Park, Maine Canyon de Chelly National Grand Canyon National Park, Badlands National Monument, Ariz. (2 sheets) Petrified Forest National Monument, Ariz. Monument, Ariz. S. Dak. Carlsbad Caverns National Grand Teton National Park, Bandelier National Monument, Wyo. Rocky Mountain National Park, N. Mex. N. Mex. Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colo. Black Canyon of the Gunnison Cedar Breaks National Monu­ Monument, Colo. Scotts Bluff National Monu­ National Monument, Colo. ment, Utah Great Smoky Mountains Na­ ment, Nebr. Bryce Canyon National Park, Colonial National Monument tional Park, N.C.-Tenn. (2 Sequoia and Kings Canyon Utah (Yorktown Battlefield), Va. sheets) National Parks, Calif. MAPPING ACCOMPLISHMENTS A195

Shenandoah National Park, Yellowstone National Park, (IMW). Eighteen of the 53 maps required to cove*- the Va. (2 sheets) Wyo.-Mont-Idaho conterminous United States have been produced. From Vanderbilt Mansion National Yosemite National Park, Calif. Historic Site, N.Y. Yosemite Valley, Calif. 1955 to 1959, the U.S. Army Map Service published 27 Vicksburg National Military Zion National Park (Kolob maps of the conterminous United States and 13 maps Park, Miss. Section), Utah of Alaska in a military series at a scale of 1:1,000,000. Wind Cave National Park, Zion National Park (Zion Eventually this military series will be modified slightly S. Dak. Canyon Section), Utah and published in the IMW series (fig. 11). New mapping of the Canyonlands National Park, Two of the maps, Hudson River and San Francisco Utah, is in progress, and the following are being revised. Bay, are no longer available as IMW maps, but the Grand Canyon National Park, Petrified Forest National Park Ariz. (formerly Monument), Ariz. areas are covered by maps in the military series. Maps Mesa Verde National Park, of both the IMW and the military series are available Colo. for Boston, Chesapeake Bay, Hatteras, Mississippi Million-scale maps Delta, Mount Shasta, and Point Conception. In addi­ The worldwide million-scale series of topographic tion, the American Geographical Society published the quadrangle maps was originally sponsored by the Inter­ Sonora, Chihuahua, and Monterrey maps; and Canada national Geographical Union and designated the In­ published the Regina and Ottawa maps. Puerto Rico is ternational Map of the World on the Millionth Scale covered by two maps compiled by the American Geo-

JUNE 30, 196«

PUBLISHED MAPS International Map of the World series

*° ^ Army Map Service «a ~£_ standard series

MAPPING IN PROGRESS HAWAII c> I I U. S. Geological Survey

FIGURE 11. Status of 1:1,000,000-scale topographic maps. A196 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING graphical Society and published by both the Society season's work, extending eastward to approximately and the Army Map Service. 110° W., will furnish control for ten 1:250,000-scale Some maps of the military series have been modified maps covering approximately 50,000 sq mi. for broader civil use by changing them to conform to M. E. Southern, D. E. Reed, B. L. Schwartz, and the IMW sheet lines and sheet-numbering system, but W. F. Marshall remeasured the 106-mile-long ice-strain they do not meet IMW specifications in all respects. net northeast of Byrd Station. The net was set by Sur­ These maps are recognized by the United Nations Carto­ vey engineers during Deep Freeze 64 and 65 and con­ graphic Office as provisional editions in the IMW series. sists of 106 wooden poles set to form a series of 52 nearly Work in progress includes seven new maps: Pikes square quadrilaterals with sides about 2 miles long. Peak, Blue Ridge, Mount Whitney, Quebec, Lookout Glaciologists will study the changes in these quadri­ Mountain, Des Moines, and Ozark Mountains. laterals to obtain information about dynamics of ice Aerial photography flow. In fiscal year 1968 the Topographic Division con­ Work performed for other disciplines included: (1) tracted for aerial photography covering approximately establishing a stellar astronomical positior at South 171,000 sq mi in the United States. This total included Pole Station; (2) remeasuring the ice movement stakes 159,000 sq mi of 6-inch-focal-length vertical photogra­ on the annual (seasonal) and fast ice between Hut Point phy, 4,000 sq mi of 12-inch-focal-length vertical photog­ and Koettlitz Glacier; (3) establishing a ba.se line for raphy, 1,000 sq mi of convergent low-oblique photogra­ a planimetric map of Byrd Station; (4) determining phy, and 7,000 sq mi of super-wide-angle photography. the azimuth of the geomagnetic tunnels at Byrd and A contract was also made for color photography Pole Stations; and (5) establishing a horizontal and a covering 550 sq mi. vertical position near the Earth Science Enilding at McMurdo Station. MAPPING IN ANTARCTICA Aerial photography U.S. Navy Air Development Squadron Six (VX-6) Topographic mapping of Antarctica, conducted as obtained aerial photographs for mapping in accordance part of the United States Antarctic Research Program with Geological Survey specifications, coverirg approxi­ of the National Science Foundation, continued during mately 145,000 sq mi in Coats Land, Shackleton Moun­ fiscal year 1968. Eight topographic engineers went to tains, Berkner Island, and the Kraul and Kottas Moun­ Antarctica during the austral summer of 1967-68 to tains in Queen Maud Land. J. N. Standifer served as obtain geodetic control for the topographic mapping technical adviser on aerial photography and as visual program and to make surveys in support of other disci­ navigator on all photographic flights. plines. Also, a specialist in aerial photography was as­ Cartographic activities signed to McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for photo- The status of Geological Survey topographic map­ graphic-liason duty with the U.S. Navy. ping in Antarctica is shown in figure 12. Twelve Topographic field operations 1:250,000-scale topographic maps were published in T. E. Taylor, L. J. Hill, J. L. Harry, and C. R. Hen- shaded-relief editions in fiscal year 1968, completing the kle completed 850 miles of electronic-distance traverse, Queen Maud Mountains and the Heritage Range proj­ part of the 3,400-mile multidiscipline Marie Byrd Land ects. Three maps in the north Victoria Land project Survey begun in the austral summer of 1966-67. This have been completed and are awaiting publication. year's work consisted of two traverses, one based on Mapping at the same scale is in progress for 15 maps an astronomical station in the Ames Range and the in northern Victoria Land, 9 in the Pensacola Moun­ other based on an astronomical station between the tains, and 13 in Marie Byrd Land. One 1: 500,000-scale Kohler Range and the Toney Mountains. From the sketch map in the Byrd Land area was published in a Ames astronomical station the engineers ran a traverse shaded-relief edition; two in Ellsworth Land have been north to tie in last season's work, and southeastwardly completed and are awaiting publication; ?,nd one in through the Executive Committee Range. A traverse was run from the second astronomical station south to eastern Ellsworth Land is in production. the Crary Mountains, northeast to Mount Murphy, and The surface model of the two-piece plastic relief map northwest to the coast. of Antarctica was updated and awaits bathymetric and A combination stellar and solar astronomical station subsurface data from the National Science Foundation was established on the north side of Carney Island. This for completion. MAPPING IN ANTARCTICA /197

30 30

- ANTARCTIC "-PENINSULA V

120

150 150

180

PUBLISHED MAPS MAPPING IN PROGRESS Topographic with Relief Shading ___ Topographic with Relief Shading f | 1:250,000 scale | | 1:250,000 scale __ Planimetric Manuscripts ^_J 1:500,000 scale i i Various scales SKetch Maps with Relief Shading J J 1:500,000 s'cale

FIGURE 12. Index map of Antarctica, showing status of topographic mapping hy the U.S. Geological Survey as of June 30, 1968. A198 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING FOREIGN-ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Foreign-participant training programs The Topographic Division continues to aid in train­ Saudi Arabia ing principals from other countries in various phases The Geological Survey is continuing to assist the of mapping operations. During the fiscal ye<\r, partici­ Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources (MPMR) pants came from Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, and the of Saudi Arabia in assessing the mineral potential of United Kingdom. Tours of the Division mapping facil­ the Precambrian shield area of central and western ities and short training periods of a week or less for Saudi Arabia. Since the beginning of the program the foreign engineers and technicians are arranged by the Topographic Division has had two engineers and a Branch of International Activities. photogrammetric specialist in Saudi Arabia to support these investigations. NATIONAL ATLAS During fiscal year 1968, R. L. Walderich has acted as Topographic Division group leader, K. S. McLean as Fifteen maps constituting 30 .pages of the Na­ field surveys specialist, and F. G. Lavery as photogram­ tional Atlas have been published and are available for metric specialist. In January 1968, six field survey spe­ sale to the public. In addition, 200 pages are being pro­ cialists R. E. Kenfield, W. E. Smith, R. C. Nixon, D. J. cessed in color separation, with many to be published Winstead, C. E. Morrison, and A. A. Shands went to for individual sale during the next year. Saudi Arabia for a 6-month period to establish field During the past year, a contract was awarded by the control necessary for mapping several phosphate de­ Government Printing Office to obtain pa,per for print­ posits in the Turayf area near the Trans-Arabian pipe­ ing the separate maps. Approximately 750,000 sheets of line and at Thaniyat-Turayf. The control work has been paper will be delivered under this contract. Another completed in the first area and is progressing satisfac­ contract was awarded for automatic data processing torily in the second area. The two areas consist of forty- of Atlas names (approximately 45,000), more than one 71/2-minute quadrangles of approximately 2,633 sq 12,000 of which have been delivered to the contractor mi. for inclusion in the Atlas index. Brazil RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Technical Assistance Loan Agreement, adminis­ tered by the U.S. Agency for International Develop­ FIELD SURVEYS ment (AID), for mineral and water projects with the Brazilian National Department of Mineral Production Portable tower for control surveys (DNPM) and National Department of Water and For second-order horizontal-control surveys, truck- Energy (DNAE) of the Ministry of Mines and Energy mounted towers are needed in some areas to obtain the has been approved and signed by the Government of required 1-mile minimum distance between traverse sta­ Brazil. This program provides for the Topographic tions. However, tests have indicated that the towers Division to furnish technical assistance to DNAE's presently in use are not stable enough for high-order photogrammetric service and to train several Brazilian surveys in adverse weather. Consequently, a new truck- participants in this country. mounted tower designed for stability is beir g built and Liberia tested. The tower consists of four units which can be nested The geological exploration and resources appraisal for mounting on the truck. The longest unit is 30 feet; project in Liberia is a cooperative effort of the Govern­ the shortest, 27 feet. The individual units can be com­ ment of Liberia and the U.S. Agency for International bined to extend the tower, with inner and outer ele­ Development under a development loan agreement. The ments, to an observation height of either 33 feet or 60 Topographic Division had two people in Liberia during feet. A stabilization tank is mounted on the bottom of fiscal year 1968 to support this program. the inner tower. When the tower is erected, the tank The Branch of Special Maps is completing 1: 40,000- can be filled with liquid from drums on the truck. scale form-line maps of selected areas in Liberia; ap­ Several modifications have been incorporated to im­ proximately 105 such maps have been compiled from prove the stability and performance of the tower: the source data and aerial photographs dating back to 1949. ladder on the upper unit of the outer tower is an inte­ Funding is available for the Branch to continue to sup­ gral part of the diagonal and horizontal members to port this program through fiscal year 1969. permit telescoping of the units; the observer's platform RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT A199 is smaller and has a mesh floor to reduce wind resist­ modates either PAE 36 or PAE 46 sealed-beam bulbs. ance when the tower is erected or being transported; Eegardless of the pointing or the type of bulb, the fila­ and a new instrument support has been designed. ment remains exactly centered over the vertical axis of In the new instrument-support arrangement, the the lamp. The control box houses a high-density printed theodolite is not attached directly to the inner tower but circuit board on which the electronic components are is mounted on a 6-inch aluminum tube anchored to a mounted. laterally adjustable bracket on the stabilization tank at Eemote control is obtained by radio link. The system the bottom of the tower. The tube assembly consists of operates with any compatible transmitter and receiver three flanged sections that can be bolted together 2 and an audio-tone generator. The transmitter and audio- sections for the 33-foot observing height, and 3 sections tone generator are used remotely to send a command for the 60-foot observing height. For the 33-foot height, signal. At the lamp location, the audio output from the the tube is restrained from lateral movement by a receiver is fed into the speaker and to a frequency filter built-in bracket on the inner tower; for the 60-foot in the electrical circuitry. The lamp responds only to a height, two additional lateral-movement restraints are signal which is of proper frequency to pass through the used. These restraints do not transmit the axial motion filter circuit. of the inner tower; hence, torque in the inner tower Local tests of the prototype model have shown 100- will not cause the tube to move. percent lamp response to remote radio commands at a Preliminary reliability tests of theodolite observa­ distance of 4:3 miles. Parts for fabricating 60 signal tions from this modified tower indicate that stability re­ lamps have been ordered. quirements will be met. Further tests are being conducted to evaluate the tower. Photographically graduated precise level rods Greater accuracy is now expected for elevations de­ Flashing signal lamp termined by precise leveling. This improvement in ele­ The extensive use of electromagnetic distance-meas­ vation accuracy is gained by equipping level rods with uring equipment as surveying tools has brought a need photographically graduated strips of Nilvar (trade for improved targets for angle measurements. For name for a nickel-invar alloy with a low coefficient of geodetic control surveys, lamps mounted on wooden thermal expansion). One hundred such strips were pro­ tripods are often used as targets. The lamps must be duced in one batch. All were contact printed from the effective yet not large and cumbersome. However, a com­ same 12-foot glass master negative onto sensitized scrips mon deficiency of the signal lamps has been dimness at of Nilvar. To reduce cumulative error, the strips were long distances and under less than ideal atmospheric subjected to the same tensile stress during the printing conditions. and calibration processes as is used when they are Eecognizing the need for a versatile, dependable sig­ mounted in the rod frames. nal light with enough power for most situations, engi­ Quality-control tests revealed that all strips have the neers at the research laboratories in McLean, Va., same individual error pattern of ±0.001 inch for any undertook the design and construction of a new battery- one graduation; the overall linear accuracy is 1: 50,000 powered lamp. The new signal light has provisions for or better under 16 pounds of tension; and the individual variable intensity, precise pointing and leveling, flash- residual errors are generally less than ± 0.0015 inch. or-steady output, and for stacking multiple lamps verti­ An extra benefit resulted from the batch production cally over a common point. An outstanding feature is process. Because all strips closely follow a single pat­ on-and-off switching by radio control or by clock tinier. tern in their calibration curves, it was possible to com­ The basic lamp consists of 3 aluminum castings the pute a master error curve to serve for all strips. Thus, a cover, the bulb mount, and the control box. The surfaces common correction factor can be applied to all scrips of all three units are anodized by a hard-coat process for processed in one batch. protection from oxidation and abrasion. Contact sur­ faces subject to rotation are given an additional electro­ Studies of atmospheric refraction chemical treatment which provides a permanent dry With theodolites now available for measuring vertical lubricant. Besides housing the entire lamp assembly, angles to a high degree of precision, the accuracy of ele­ the cover also serves as the means for affixing the lamp to vations determined by vertical-angle observations is a tripod. A bull's-eye level attached to the bottom of limited mainly by the variations of atmospheric re­ the cover is used for rough leveling. If more precise fraction over the sightline. The most commonly used leveling is required, an accessory leveling base can be expedient, for eliminating the effects of refraction, and used. Pointing is facilitated by an adjustable peepsight measuring its absolute values, is the taking of simul­ attached to the bulb casting. The bulb mount accom­ taneous reciprocal sights. This method is only partly

318-835 O - 68 - 14 A200 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING successful, because the effective value of refraction photoimagery on a diapositive plate, converts the optical varies continuously over a sightline, which might best imagery to electrical signals, and stores the scanned scene be described as a spiral curve with many variations in (or signature) on a magnetic drum. Once a scene is the radius of curvature. This description contrasts stored or memorized, the correlator can vievr the same sharply with the assumption of a circular arc, found in scene from the same or a different perspective point and all conventional discussions of the ray path, to reduce indicate both the general degree of correlation and dis­ calculations of differences of elevation to a tolerable placements in terms of a?, y, and swing (0) with microm­ effort. eter (0.001 mm) accuracy. In an attempt to use the electronic computer to derive The instrument contains a viewing microscope and practical empirical equations, more than 6,000 observed reticle, which enables the operator to view and center vertical angles and the associated meteorological data on discrete image points, and a 'beamsplitter, which re­ were subjected to regression analysis. The derived equa­ flects the same imagery into the scanning system. The tion proved accurate within the desired limits, but it is comparator provides a means of measuring diapositive necessary that the input data include the clearance dis­ displacements in a? and y. tances between the sightline and the terrain, at the mid­ Preliminary tests have demonstrated that, after a point of each quarter length of the sightline. random displacement of the diapositive 'by the hand- The requirement for 2 values between the sightline wheels of the comparator, the original position can be and the terrain seems to place the method beyond practi­ recovered within a micrometer (0.001 mm) or two by cal application. However, if the method is applied on observing the readout dials of the correlator. Moreover, projects where analytical aerotriangulation is used, it a type of traverse, in which several perspective views of may be possible to determine the elevations of the re­ the same scene are correlated sequentially, vith a final quired ground points by a preliminary vertical solution correlation back to the original stored signature, has and to refine the results of the vertical-angle observa­ generally produced closures of 3 to 8 micrometers. tions. This possibility is being tested. On the basis of these encouraging results, the correla­ tor has been modified to expand its memory capacity PHOTOGRAMMETRY from 5 to 8 channels, and it will be transferred to a 9- X 9-inch encoded comparator for further testing. Stereolmage Alternator system The Stereolmage Alternator (SIA) system of view­ Orthophotoscope modification ing stereomodels by means of synchronized rotating In the late 1950's, the Geological Survey developed the shutters has gained wide acceptance. Nearly 100 SIA Orthophotoscope, a precision instrument used to convert units have been adapted to Government-owned projec­ perspective photographs into equivalent crthophoto- tion-type stereoplotters, and 'several commercial firms graphs. Since the first model was built, sever?,! modifica­ have been licensed to manufacture and sell SIA units tions and changes in design were made in the instru­ in the United States. ment. The latest model is the T-64. Compatibility of the system with the use of color Because of the increasing demand by the map-using photographs in low-cost projection-type stereoplotters public for orthophotomaps (a new map product made has been a considerable influence in its acceptance, be­ from orthophotographs), the effort to improve the tech­ cause heretofore color photographs could be used only niques, materials, and instruments for orthophotomap- in the more complex instruments with a separate optical ping has been intensified. Part of this effort has been a train for each eye. Other advantages of the system, as research project, completed this year, to improve the compared with anaglyphic filtering, are: (1) model resolution of orthophotographs. illumination is more than doubled, and the light loss The T-64 Orthophotoscope was designed for three due to the viewing device is negligible; (2) model defini­ ER-55 projectors, which use diapositives of P3-mm X 83- tion is improved; (3) image separation is complete; mm format. The reduction of the original aerral negative (4) light balancing is less critical; and (5) no special from its 230-mm X 230-mm format to the ER-55 dia­ filters are needed. positive format and subsequent optical projection to ex­ posure scale causes a loss in resolution. It was recognized Image correlator that the use of the original negative, or a contact diaposi­ A Bolsey Image Correlator, mounted on a 7- X 7-inch tive made from it, as the master for exposing the ortho- a?, y comparator, was obtained in December 1967 for tests photograph would improve the resolution. However, to evaluate its utility for various photogrammetric ap­ three Kelsh-type projectors, which use 230-mm X 230- plications, particularly data gathering for analytical mm diapositives, cannot be fitted to the T-64 Ortho­ aerotriangulation. The correlator scans annular rings of photoscope for two reasons: (1) the minimum base RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT A201 (separation between exposure stations) allowable with at test points and the discrepancies at tie points, and projectors for 230-mmX230-mm plates would give an on the results of field tests. undesirably large scale in the plane of projection; (2) The IBM/360 version of the Geological Survey's to retain the economical double-model coverage produced direct geodetic constraint method of fully analytical with three projectors would require a much larger in­ aerotriangulation is now operational. The maximum strument and therefore an entirely new physical design. size of problem that the program will now handle i^ 45 An unorthodox approach circumvented these two photographs. The number of auxiliary storage units difficulties. Experimentation showed that an ER-55 (magnetic tape or disk) required by the program has projector and a Kelsh-type projector with a correspond­ been reduced to two. The Bowling Green, Va., research ingly short projection distance could be used together project comprising eleven 7.5-minute quadrangles has to project anaglyphic stereomodels. There was no detect­ been aerotriangulated for production operations by the able parallax even though the projected diapositives direct geodetic constraint method. The solutions ^ere differed in size by a ratio of nearly 3:1. Therefore, the constrained to 42 horizontal and 277 vertical cortrol center (blue-filtered) ER-55 projectors on all T-64 points. An additional 75 vertical points, spread over Orthophotoscopes were replaced with Kelsh-type projec­ about one-third of the area, were withheld for us-*, as tors with special lenses, and the left and right (red- test points. All these points, both horizontal and ver­ filtered) ER-55 projectors were retained. This change tical, were targeted on the ground for identification on did not require any basic redesign, but only an adapta­ the photographs. The pass points were marked with a tion of a new component to instruments already in PUG point-transfer device on all photographs upon operational use. which they appeared, and the photocoordinates v^ere Several advantages have been gained 'by the replace­ measured on a Nistri monocomparator. ment of the center (exposing) projector. Besides increas­ The current specifications for aerial photography ing resolution of the orthophotographs, the new modifi­ have been reviewed, and amendments have been sug­ cation permits greater control of scale. Also, it is gested to enable the procurement of superior quality now possible, by shifting the projectors and placing a photographs suitable for analytical aerotriangulation. color plate in the Kelsh projector, to make color In general, the proposed amendments will restrict the orthophotographs. cameras that qualify for taking aerotriangulation photo­ graphs to those having the better lenses and those hav­ Analytical aerotriangulation ing eight fiducial marks or, alternatively, a glass rew.au A research project is being carried out in cooperation in the focal plane. The current specifications will con­ with the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS) to tinue to apply to photographs taken for other mapping evaluate the applicability of the C&GS fully analyti­ purposes. cal block method of aerotriangulation in topographic mapping. The study, which involves the aerotriangula­ Semianalytical aerotriangulation tion of a 30-minute-square area near Tucumcari, In the Topographic Division, semianalytical aero­ N. Mex., is designed to determine the horizontal and triangulation has replaced the graphic and mecharical vertical accuracy capabilities and the costs of the methods formerly used for providing control for photo­ method when used with small-scale photographs and grammetric mapping. In semianalytical aerotriangula­ targeted control located on the perimeter of the area. tion the coordinates (based on an arbitrary origin) of The aerotriangulation will establish photogrammetric selected photoimages are obtained from stereomodels. control for lower-altitude photographs to be used for The plotting instruments which form the stereomodels subsequent compilation of map details. The two agen­ are equipped with encoders and analog-to-digital cies collaborated in establishing and targeting the (A/D) conversion and readout devices so that coordi­ points needed for horizontal and vertical control and nate data are furnished in digital form ready for irput for testing. The C&GS has obtained both the small- to an electronic computer. In the computer, the data are scale (1:60,000) super-wide-angle aerotriangulation adjusted to control points which have known ground photographs and the 1:20,000-scale wide-angle map­ positions and have been identified on the photographs. ping photographs. Stereocomparator measurements to Several methods of adjustment have been pro­ obtain basic input for the aerotriangulation are being gramed, and the particular program that is used made by C&GS personnel. They will also perform the depends upon the type of terrain, the photogrammetric aerotriangulation on the IBM STRETCH computer of the control requirements, and the instrumentation a^ail- Naval Weapons Laboratory. The Geological Survey able. Computer programs are available that 1 ave will compile two selected quadrangles, which will be options so that either horizontal, vertical, or horizontal evaluated on the basis of the aerotriangulation residuals and vertical adjustments in a least-squares solution can A202 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS AND MAPPING be specified, and either linear or nonlinear horizontal graphs (both contact prints and glass dia positives) is adjustments may be selected. surer and more complete than with normal black-and- Some of these programs perform a block adjustment white photographs. This is an important consideration of horizontal coordinates by joining the points from a when the revised maps are not given a field check. Dif­ large number of independent stereomodels or groups of ferences in production rates with the two kinds of photo­ models and fitting the block, thus formed, to known graphs were not significant. ground points. Other programs join independent The Bemidji, Minn., project compared the utility of stereomodels or groups of models and fit the block, thus color and black-and-white photographs for normal formed, to known ground points. Other programs join photogrammetric map compilation. Original negatives independent models into strips and then adjust the were not of high quality and apparently had not been strips to each other and to ground control. Still other processed properly. They lacked color contrast and were programs are designed to adjust blocks of strips. slightly soft and fuzzy in definition, qualities which The data required as input to these programs include carried over into the prints and diapositiver The stereo- ground control and stereomodel coordinates of image compilers noted residual y parallax in most of the color points and control points, either in single-model, multi- models, ranging from minor to severe, in no predictable model, or strip units. pattern. The parallax problem caused abiut a 50-per­ Current research activities include streamlining the cent increase in compilation time with the, color photo­ existing methods and evaluating them for various appli­ graphs. These results were similar to those of the cations. Other research projects are underway to Thebes, 111., project, compiled in the same office from develop new methods specifically applicable to Geologi­ overly dense, underexposed reversal-film exposures. cal Survey instrumentation and operations. For exam­ Further investigations are needed to identify the cause ple, a program is being written to mathematically join of the residual y parallax. independent models at common image points and per­ The Starrucca, Pa., project has not y^t been com­ spective centers of the projectors to provide strip coordi­ pleted, although preliminary reports indicate no serious nates for all points in the models. These strip coordinates problems and perhaps a slight advantage in compila­ are then adjusted to ground control with a strip or tion rates with the color photographs (which are of block adjustment method. very good quality). A project in Nevada has been post­ Applications of color aerial photographs poned because of difficulty in obtaining satisfactory photographs. Two attempts at photographing the se­ The increased availability in recent years of color lected area produced unusable photographs. aerial films intended for photogrammetric use has led A fifth project currently underway concerns the to many investigations aimed at evaluating the utility evaluation of Aero-Neg color and comparable black- of these films for various photogrammetric tasks. Photo- and-white photographs taken over the McLean and Res- interpreters have welcomed the extra dimension of ton areas of northern Virginia with a Zeiss camera of color, but metrical tests were less conclusive, especially 12-inch focal length at several flight heights. Prelimi­ when the element of cost versus benefits was considered. nary examination of these photographs indicates that Color aerial photographs cost about 5 times as much they are of excellent quality. However, color balance as black-and-white photographs, exposure and process­ and differentiation change markedly witli a change in ing requirements are critically exacting, and there is no flight height. assurance that a given photographic mission will be suc­ cessful at the time the photographs are needed. Camera acceptance tests During fiscal year 1968, four projects were under­ The acceptance test which the Geological Survey spe­ taken to evaluate the utility of color photographs in cifies for all cameras used to take map compilation topographic map compilation and revision. Dual photo­ photographs has been programed in FORTRAN IV graphic coverage was planned with standard black-and- for the IBM 360/65 computer. white film and the Kodak Aero-Neg system, in which Although the test is now done analytically, the basic exposures on Special Ektachrome MS film are processed approach of evaluating the camera by testing for stereo- to color negatives. Five different second-generation model flatness remains the same. Film photographs are products can be made from the negatives: color prints, taken on the Survey's multicollimator camera calibra­ glass diapositives, or film transparencies, and black- tor. Coordinates of selected points on diapositives made and-white prints or diapositives. from the film exposures are measured on a precision Two projects have been completed. The results of the comparator. The resulting photocoordina tes are proc­ Albuquerque, N. Mex., interim revision project indicate essed on an electronic computer with a program that that photointerpretation from high-quality color photo­ mathematically orients adjacent exposures. The com- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT A203

puter program fits a mathematical plane of regression Orthophotomapping to the nine calibration points forming a stereomodel. If In fiscal year 1968, orthophotomaps were officially in­ a calibration point departs from the plane by an amount troduced into the National Topographic Program, ^he exceeding 1/5000 of the camera focal length, the camera orthophotomaps covering the Okefenokee Swamp are is rejected. The analytical approach eliminates the sub­ being published as sales items (eight printed and eight jective effects obtained in visual depth-perception more in reproduction), and hence, for the first time, a measurements. new map product lias replaced the standard topographic map. CARTOGRAPHY An orthophotomap, as prepared by the Geolog^al Survey, is a topographic map on which the natural and Autoplot coordinate-plotting system cultural features are portrayed by color-enhanced Automatic coordinate-plotting systems have been in­ photographic images in true position. Cartographic stalled in the four regional offices of the Topographic symbols are added as needed for interpretation. Division. Having passed the final testing phase, the Acceptance of the orthophotomap as a standard nap Autoplot systems (Roy Mullen, r0408) are now in pro­ product came after an extended research effort. The first ductive use in the preparation of map base sheets. experimental orthophotomap, the Roanoke, Va., quad­ For each map base sheet, the Autoplot scribes the rangle, was printed 6 years ago. Although at that time projection lines and grids, plots and labels the associ­ a photoprocessing technique had been developed ated control points, and scribes the quadrangle name, whereby the photoimagery could be reproduced litho­ all from instructions generated on magnetic tape by graphically without halftone screening, other phase^ of a computer program. Two orientation points are plotted Orthophotomapping had not yet been perfected. in diagonally opposite corners of the sheet to facilitate reorienting the sheet to the plotter at some later date. As a result of recently intensified research, tone bal­ Although the Autoplot is primarily used for prepar­ ancing between adjacent photographs has been im­ ing bases for topographic map compilation, several proved; mosaic lines have been eliminated; a shorter other kinds of jobs have been done with the system. The photographic process has been developed which pro­ epicenters of 1,500 earthquakes, dating back to the 17th duces better imagery; design modifications have im­ century, were plotted on base maps for the National proved the Orthophotoscope, the instrument used to Atlas. A computer program converted the latitude and prepare orthophotographs; and many cartographic longitude of each point to a? and y coordinates based on techniques 'have been introduced which enhance the ap­ the Albers equal-area projection of the base maps. The pearance and usefulness of orthophotomaps. earthquakes were divided into eight time intervals; for The current research effort is devoted to (1) finding each interval, the computer program sorted the coordi­ out which terrain types can be portrayed most effectively nates of the points so as to minimize the distance by orthophotomaps and (2) experimenting with various traveled by the plotting head. Earthquakes in each time scales, cartographic techniques, and symbols for por­ interval were plotted on a separate base sheet. Earth­ traying these terrain types. quake intensities were assigned magnitudes ranging An experimental orthophotomap of an area along the from 4 to 12. These magnitudes were represented on the Great Salt Lake has demonstrated that photoimagery is maps by the size of the triangle used to mark the epi­ superior to conventional map symbols for portraying centers. This plotting, which would have required sev­ detail in the extensive areas of the shore that have b°^en eral man-days of manual effort, was completed in about exposed by subsidence of the water level. Four other iy2 hours with the Autoplot. experimental orthophotomaps of rural and remote areas On another project for the National Atlas, the Auto­ are being compiled at 1: 24,000 scale for evaluation and plot was used to plot on a base map the birth rates and comparison with conventional topographic maps. In death rates in 3,000 counties in the United States. The addition, orthophotomaps of four urban areas are being rates are divided into six categories numbered from 1 prepared at two scales (1:12,000 and 1:24,000) and to 6. The latitude and longitude of a reference point in with various cartographic treatments. each county were converted into x and y coordinates Swamps, deserts, scrub woodland, and broad shores based on the Albers equal-area projection. The Auto­ are now considered to be suitable areas for Orthophoto­ plot plotted the points and wrote the appropriate rate mapping. In the near future, as new guidelines for car­ categories. The program sorted the counties according to tographic symbolization and annotation are developed, coordinates in order to minimize the distances the plotter orthophotomaps of urban areas are likely to become head had to travel between points. standard map products.

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY The Computer Center Division made several advances online communications with the central computer. This during fiscal year 1968, both in expansion of its facilities step was made possible by the implementation of the and in computer applications. These improvements con­ Houston Automatic Spooling Program in conjunction siderably strengthened the computational support avail­ with the IBM Operating System/360 (MFT). T^ese able to Geological Survey scientists and engineers. two programs allow the central computer to accept jobs The effort to convert from first- and second-genera­ from remote devices, as well as from the local card tion equipment, begun in fiscal year 1967, was continued reader, and to overlap input and output of programs and largely completed. Nearly 99 percent of the scien­ and data with computation. This greatly increased the tific programs written for older computers have been efficiency of the central computer, and also facilitated rewritten, translated, or adapted to the IBM 360/65 the use of the computer from the field centers. Since that system. This extensive project was accomplished during time, 3 other terminals have been added to the system, a time of increased computer activity generally, along bringing ttye total number to 7. These new terminals are with work on new programs. in Washington, D.C., Kansas City, Mo., and Cincinnati, The administrative reprograming included two large Ohio, at offices of the Federal Water Pollution Control projects the payroll-personnel-labor distribution sys­ Administration. Additional terminal locations, which tem, and the royalty-accounting programs. These major would increase the system to a level of 18 to 20 terminals applications were written in IBM's new programing in all, are planned. This will make it one of the largest language, PL/I, which is designed to replace both such computer systems of the Federal Government. FORTRAN and COBOL. Other new equipment includes three plotters and an STATPAC and GEOPAC are new programs of gen­ optical scanner. The plotters are of 3 types, and are in eral interest that have been adapted to the new IBM 3 different locations, allowing for a variety of applica­ 360/65 system. They are sets of related programs which tions. In Washington, a Stromberg-Carlson 4020 pro­ are stored in the program library of the 360/65, and can duces printing or plotting on microfilm or photographic be called out by anyone using the system. paper at the rate of 7,000 lines per minute. The plotter in STATPAC is for statistical analysis of data, using the Denver, Colo., center is a Gerber flat-bed plotter; several types of commonly used methods plus some more and the Menlo Park, Calif., center has a Benson-LeHner powerful methods. The data must be presented as a two- drum plotter, which can be used from another loca­ dimensional matrix, but it need not be complete. Missing tion and the output mailed to the user. data, such as the geochemical notations "not detected," The Farrington 3030 optical scanner, which is located "trace," or "less than" can either be handled as valid in Washington, D.C., can read the output of a standard data, or ignored, as appropriate. The output generated office typewriter (equipped for optical fonts), and yri'te by the system can be in the form of tables and charts, it on magnetic tape for direct computer input, bypass­ or it can be plotted on 1 of the 3 plotters in the computer ing keypunching entirely. Two applications, royalty center. accounting and general ledger accounting, were in­ GEOPAC was written to process two- and three-di­ stalled on the scanner, and other programs are b^ing mensional geophysical and magnetic data. The pro­ written to take advantage of this new capability. grams calculate residuals, derivatives, and more sophis­ Another event of the past year was noteworthy; the ticated interpretations of data. The calculated gravity IBM 360/65 replaced the Burroughs 220 computer sys­ or magnetic effects resulting from a known or hypo­ tem, which was installed in late 1959 as a replacement thetical structure can be rapidly determined in detail. for the Survey's first computer, a Burroughs 205. Much Gravity effects can be computed for models having ir­ of the progress made by the Geological Survey in both regular shapes, and can be automatically plotted and earth-science computing and the administrative uses of contoured. automation was due to the availability of the B-220 In December 1967, the Geological Survey Eemote for more than 8 years of continual use. Computing System became operational with the con­ As a part of carrying out its program of support to version of the remote terminals from offline to direct the other divisions of the Geological Survey, the Com- A205 A206 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY puter Center Division has been reorganized and ex­ The Geological Survey's nationwide computing sys­ panded. A new Branch of Computer Technology was tem expedites work in volcanology and earthquake created to provide systems programing, standards and studies, earth-orbiting-satellite surveys, lunar-geology training, systems analysis, and staff support to the studies, minerals investigations, hydrologic studies and division and its users. The field-center offices were given hydrologic-simulation studies, the national topographic- branch status, and their staffs were increased to mapping program, and the preparation of tli e National provide more support to remote-terminal users. The Atlas. Computer-technology applications related to the expansion of both staff and equipment has led to a above disciplines and investigations are reported else­ significant increase in the number of people using the where in this chapter and are generally listed under computer, especially in the field centers. the heading "Computer Technology" in the index. PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM Results of research and investigations by the Geologi­ 050 copies of maps were distributed, including 464.500 cal Survey are made available to the public through index maps. More than 5 million copies of maps were various reports and maps, most of which are published sold and $1,558,969.66 was deposited to miscellaneous by the Survey. Of the formal reports published by the receipts in the U.S. Treasury ($1,431,993.79 in fiscal Survey, books are printed and sold by the Government year 1967). Printing Office, and maps are printed and sold by the Also during the fiscal year, the Geological Survey Survey. distributed 463,250 technical book reports, without All books, maps (exclusive of topographic quad­ charge and for official use, and 1,454,550 booklets, free rangle maps), and related publications published by the of charge, chiefly to the general public. In addition, Geological Survey are listed in "Publications of the 174,950 copies of the monthly publications announce­ Geological Survey, 187i9-1961," and in yearly supple­ ment and 300,800 copies of a sheet showing topographic ments that keep the catalog up to date. New publica­ map symbols, were sent out. tions are announced each month in "New Publications The total distribution was implemented by 447,300 of the Geological Survey." All these lists of publica­ individual orders. The following table compares tions are free upon request to the tr.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Geological Survey map and book distribution (includ­ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242. ing booklets but excluding monthly announcements and Books, maps, charts, folios, and atlases that are out symbols sheets) during fiscal years 1967 and 1968: of print can no longer be purchased from any official source. They may be consulted at many libraries, and Distribution points FY 1967 FY Change some can be purchased from dealers in secondhand (percent) books. Eastern (Arlington, Va.)_--_- 5, 563, 892 5,282,534 -5 Western (Denver, Colorado). 2, 920, 089 3, 136, 385 + 7 Alaska (Fairbanks, Alaska)._ 73,976 52,030 -30 PUBL/C.477ONS ISSUED 12 other Survey offices. _____ 607, 393 583, 924 -4 During fiscal year 1,968, 237 technical book publica­ Total--__-__-__----- 9,165,350 9,054,873 -1 tions were published (252 in fiscal year 1967). Maps printed totaled 4,361, comprising some 19,098,000 copies (16,248,000 copies in fiscal year 1967) as HOW TO ORDER PUBL/CAT/ONS follows : Ordering book reports Professional papers, bulletins, water-supply papers, Kind of map FY 1967 FY 1968 "Geophysical Abstracts," "Topographic Instructions," "Techniques of Water Resources Investigations," Topographic______3,330 3,590 Geologic and hydrologic______231 225 "Abstracts of North American Geology," and some mis­ Maps for inclusion in book reports.______228 186 cellaneous reports can be purchased from the SUPERIN­ Miscellaneous, and maps for other agencies_ 215 360 Total.... ______4,004 4,361 TENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. Prepayment is required and Geological Survey maps are distributed by mail from should be made by check or money order payable tc the bulk stocks at Arlington, Va., Denver, Colo., and Fair­ Superintendent of Documents. Postage stamps are not banks, Alaska. Over-the-counter distribution of maps is accepted, and cash is sent at the sender's risk. Book pub­ made by these and 12 other Survey offices as well as by lications of the series listed above may also be purchased 665 authorized commercial dealers throughout the on an over-the-cownter basis from the Geological Survey United States. Public Inquiries Offices listed on page A215. In addition to 71,500,000 maps and books on hand "Geophysical Abstracts" and "Abstracts of North at the beginning of the year, 17,561,500 copies of new American Geology" are available on subscriptior at and reprinted maps and 1,521,100 copies of books (in­ rates described in the Survey's monthly announcement, cluding popular-information booklets) were received "New Publications of the Geological Survey." A sub­ into the Survey's distribution system. A total of 7,137,- scription to this monthly announcement a catalog of A207 A208 PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM publications (1879-1961) with annual supplements material should be directed to the MAP INFORMATION circulars, and some miscellaneous reports may be ob­ OFFICE, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242. tained free on application to the TJ.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, State surface-water and quality-of-water records WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242. Pending resumption of publication of surface-water Ordering maps and charts records and quality-of-water records in it 3 water-sup­ Maps, charts, folios, and hydrologic atlases are sold ply paper series, streamflow and quality-of-water rec­ by the Geological Survey. Mail orders for those covering ords are being released in separate annual reports that areas east of the Mississippi River should be addressed are entitled "Water Resources Data for [State]" and tO the DISTRIBUTION SECTION, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 1200 consist of two parts: "Part 1, Surface Water Records," SOUTH EADS ST., ARLINGTON, vA. 22202, and for areas west and "Part. 2, Water Quality Records," on the basis of of the Mississippi River to the DISTRIBUTION SECTION, u.s. State boundaries. Distribution of these basic-data re­ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, FEDERAL CENTER, DENVER, COLO. 80225. ports, which are free on request, is limited and is pri­ Remittances should be check or money order payable to marily for local needs. Those interested should write to the Geological Survey, or cash exact amount at send­ the State or States for which records are needed. er's risk. Postage stamps are not accepted. Retail prices State water-resources investigations folders are quoted in lists of publications and, for topographic A series of 8- by lO^-inch folders entitled "Water maps, in indexes to topographic mapping for individual Resources Investigations in [State]" is a project of the States. On an order amounting to $20 or more at the Water Resources Division to inform the public about retail price, 20-percent discount is allowed; on orders of its current program in the 50 States and Puerto Rico, $100 or more, 40 percent is allowed. Most geologic maps the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Oki­ are sent folded in envelopes unless flat copies are re­ nawa. As the programs change, the f older? are revised. quested. Topographic maps are sent flat, except for or­ The folders are available free on request tc the u.s. GEO­ ders of six maps or less; however, flat copies will also LOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242. be sent for small orders on request. These publications also may be obtained on an area basis, by over-the- State lists of publications on hydrology and! geology counter sale (but not by mail) from the Geological A series of 6- by 9-inch booklets entitled "Geologic Survey Public Inquiries Offices listed on page A215. and Water-Supply Reports and Maps, [Str.te]" provide Residents of Alaska may order Alaska maps from the a ready reference to these publications on a State basis. DISTRIBUTION SECTION, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 310 FIRST The booklets, which also list libraries ir the subject AVE., FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99701. State where Survey reports and maps may be consulted, Indexes to topographic-map coverage of the various are available free on request to the u.s. GEOLOGICAL SUR­ States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and Guam VEY, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242. and American Samoa are released periodically and are Open-file reports free on application. The release of revised indexes is Open-file reports include unpublished manuscript announced in the monthly list "New Publications of the reports, maps, and other material made available for Geological Survey." Each State index shows the areas public consultation and use. Arrangements can gen­ mapped, with listings of special and United States maps, erally be made to reproduce them at private expense. and gives lists of Geological Survey offices from which The date of release and places of availability for con­ maps may be purchased and also of local agents who sell sultation by the public are given in pres^ releases or maps. other forms of public announcement. In general, open- file reports are placed in one or more of tre three Geo­ Advance material available from current topographic logical Survey libraries: ROOM 1033, GENERAL SERVICES mapping is indicated on quarterly releases. This mate­ BLDG., WASHINGTON, D.C.; BLDG. 25, FEDERAL CENTER, rial, including such items as aerial photo

FEDERAL COOPERATORS Department of Transportation: Coast Guard Agency for International Development Federal Highway Administration Environmental Science Services Administration Atomic Energy Commission: Environmental Science Services Administration, Weather Albuquerque Operations Office Division of Isotopes Development Bureau Executive Office of the President, Office of Emergency Planning Division of Military Applications Division of Raw Materials General Services Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory National Reactor Testing Station National Science Foundation Nevada Operations Office Puerto Rico: Oak Ridge National Laboratory Aqueduct and Sewer Authority Department of Industrial Research, Economic Development San Francisco Operations Office Savannah River Operations Office Administration Department of Public Works Washington, D.C., Laboratory Department of Agriculture: Land Authority Mining Commission Agricultural Research Service Water Resources Authority Forest Service Tennessee Valley Authority Soil Conservation Service Virgin Islands Government Department of the Air Force: Alaskan Air Command Cambridge Research Center STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL Special Weapons Center Technical Applications Center COOPERATORS U.S. Air Force Academy Department of the Army: Alabama: Army Research Office Alabama Department of Conservation Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Alabama Highway Department Corps of Engineers City of Mobile Department of Defense, Defense Intelligence Agency City of Montgomery, Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Board Service Geological Survey of Alabama Department of Housing and Urban Development Alaska: Department of the Interior: City of Anchorage Alaska Power Administration Greater Anchorage Area Borough Bonneville Power Administration Greater Juneau Borough Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Kenai Peninsula Borough Bureau of Indian Affairs State Department of Fish and Game Bureau of Land Management State Department of Health and Welfare Bureau of Mines State Department of Highways Bureau of Reclamation Arizona: Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Apache County Superior Court Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Arizona Highway Department National Park Service Buckeye Irrigation Company Office of Saline Water City of Flagstaff Office of Water Resources Research City of Safford Department of Justice City of Tucson Department of the Navy : City of Williams Marine Corps Naval Ordnance Test Station Flood Control District of Maricopa County Naval Weapons Center Gila Valley Irrigation District Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Maricopa County Municipal Water Conservation District Office of Naval Research No. 1 Department of State: Metropolitan Water District of Southern California International Boundary and Water Commission Navajo Tribal Council International Joint Commission Pima County Board of Supervisors A209 A210 COOPERATORS AND OTHER FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS DURING FISCAL YEAR 1968

Arizona Continued California Continued Salt River Valley Water Users' Association United Water Conservation District San Garlos Irrigation and. Drainage District University of California Show Low Irrigation Company Ventura River Municipal Water District State Game and Fish Department Water Resources Control Board State Land Department Westlands Water District University of Arizona Colorado: Arkansas: Arkansas River Compact Administration Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas City of Aurora, Department of Public Utilities Arkansas Geological Commission City of Colorado Springs, Department of Public Utilities Arkansas State Highway Commission City and County of Denver, Board of Water Commissioners California: Colorado River Water Conservation District Alameda County Flood Contrt'l and Water Conservation Colorado State Mining Industrial Development Board District Colorado Water Conservation Board Alameda County Water District Denver Regional Council of Governments Cooperative Antelope Valley East Kern Water Agency Office of State Engineer Big Bear Lake Pest Abatement District Southeastern Colorado Water Conservancy District Board of Supervisors, County of San Benito Connecticut: Bolinas Harbor District City of Hartford, Department of Public Works Calaveras County Water District City of New Britain, Board of Water Commissioners City and County of San Francisco, Public Utilities City of Torrington Commission Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey City of San Diego Connecticut State Highway Department City of Santa Barbara Connecticut Water Resources Commission Coachella Valley County Water District Greater Hartford Flood Commission Contra Costa County Flood Control and Water Conserva­ Delaware: tion District Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware County of San Mateo Delaware State Highway Department County of Ventura, Flood Control District District of Columbia: Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology Department of Sanitary Engineering Department of Fish and Game Florida: Department of Water Resources Broward County Desert Water Agency Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District East Bay Municipal Utility District City of Boca Raton Georgetown D'ivide Public Utility District City of Fort Lauderdale Imperial Irrigation District City of Jacksonville Kings River Conservation District Cities of Miami and Miami Beach Lake County Flood Control and Water Conservation City of Naples District City of Perry Los Angeles County, Department of County Engineers City of Pompano Beach Mojave Water Agency City of Tallahassee Montecito County Water District Collier County Monterey County Flood Control District Dade County Newhall County Water District Dade County Port Authority Orange County Fiood Control District Florida Board of Conservation, Division of Geology Orange County Water District Florida Board of Parksi and Historic Memorials Reclamation Board Florida State Road Department Ridgecrest County Flood Control and Water Conservation Hillsborough County District Jacksonville City Commission Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation Orange County District Polk County San Benito County Water Conservation and Flood Control Reedy Creek Drainage District District Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund San Bernardino County Flood Control District Georgia: San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District Division of Conservation, Department of Mines, Mining, and San Bernardio Valley Water Conservation District Geology San Gorgonio Pass Water Agency State Highway Department San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Con­ State Planning Bureau servation District Water Quality Control Board Santa Barbara County Water Agency Hawaii: Santa Clara County Flood Control and Water District City and County of Honolulu Santa Cruz County Flood Control and Water Conservation City and County of Honolulu, Board of Water Supply District Department of Land and Natural Resources-, Division of Santa Maria Valley Water Conservation District Water and Land Development STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL COOPERATORS A211

Idaho: Massachusetts: Idaho Department of Highways Massachusetts Department of Public Works: Idaho Department of Reclamation Bureau of Transportation, Planning, and Development Illinois: Division of Highways City of Springfield Division of Waterways Cook County, Forest Preserve District Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commission, Water Fountain Head Drainage District Division Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission Massachusetts Water Resources Commission Sanitary District of Bloom Township Massachusetts Water Resources Commission, Divisio^ of State Department of Public Works and Buildings: Water Pollution Control Division of Highways Michigan: Division of Waterways Michigan Department of Conservation: State Department of Registration and Education: Geological Survey Division Geological Survey Division Water Resources Commission Water Survey Division Minnesota: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago Minnesota Department of Administration University of Illinois, Civil Engineering Department Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters Indiana: Minnesota Department of Highways Indiana Department of Natural Resources Minnesota Geological Survey Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Minnesota Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Com­ Water mission Indiana State Board of Health Mississippi: Indiana State Highway Commission City of Jackson Iowa : Harrison County Board of Supervisors and Harrison County City of Cedar Rapids Development Commission City of Fort Dodge Jackson County Port Authority and Jackson County Board City of Iowa City of Supervisors Iowa Geological Survey Mississippi Board of Water Commissioners Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research Mississippi Geological, Economic, and Topographical Survey Iowa State Conservation Commission Mississippi Research and Development Center Iowa State Highway Commission, Iowa Highway Research Mississippi State Highway Department Board Pearl River Basin Development District Iowa State University Pearl River Valley Water Supply District Iowa State University, Iowa Agricultural Experiment Sta­ Tombigfoee River Valley Water Management District tion Washington County Board of Supervisors Linn County Missouri: Kansas: Curators of the University of Missouri City of Wichita Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District Kansas State Department of Agriculture Missouri Conservation Commission, Fisheries Division Kansas State Department of Health Missouri Division of Geological Survey and Water Resovrces Kansas State Geological Survey Missouri State Highway Commission Kansas State Water Resources Board Missouri Water Pollution Board State Highway Commission of Kansas Montana: Kentucky: Endowment and Research Foundation Montana F*ate City-County Planning Commission of Lexington and Fayette University County Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky Montana State Fish and Game Commission University of Kentucky Research Foundation Montana State Highway Commission Louisiana: Montana Water Resources Board Louisiana Department of Conservation Wyoming State Engineer Louisiana Department of Highways Nebraska: Louisiana Department of Public Works Nebraska Department of Water Resources Sabine River Compact Administration State Department of Roads Maine: University of Nebraska, Conservation and Survey Div'sion Maine Public Utilities Commission Nevada: Maine State Highway Commission Nevada Bureau of Mines Maryland: Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resoxirces City of Baltimore, Bureau of Water Supply Maryland Department of Health Nevada Department of Highways Maryland Geological Survey New Hampshire: Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Commission New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Maryland State Roads Commission Development Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission New Hampshire Water Resources Board A212 COOPERATORS AND OTHER FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS DURING FISCAL YEAR 1968

New Jersey: North Dakota Continued Camden County Planning Board State Highway Department County of Bergen State Water Conservation Commission Delaware River Basin Commission Ohio: New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic De­ City of Columbus, Department of Public Workp velopment : Miami Conservancy District Division of Fish and Game Ohio Department of Health Division of Water Policy and Supply Ohio Department of Highways New Jersey Department of Health, Division of Clean Air Ohio Department of Natural Resources: and Water Division of Geological Survey New Jersey Department of Transportation Division of Water North Jersey District Water Supply Commission Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission Passaic Valley Water Commission Ohio State University Research Foundation Water Resources Research Institute at Rutgers, The State Oklahoma: University City of Oklahoma City New Mexico: Oklahoma Department of Highways City of Gallup Oklahoma Geological Survey Costilla Creek Compact Commission Oklahoma Soil Conservation Board New Mexico School of Mines and State Engineer Oklahoma Water Resources Board New Mexico State Engineer State Department of Health New Mexico State Highway Commission Oregon: Pecos River Commission Burnt River Irrigation District Rio Grande Compact Commision City of Astoria Town of Silver City City of Coos Bay-North Bend, Water Board New York: City of Eugene Brighton Sewer Commission District No. 2 City of McMinnville, Water and Light Department City of Albany City of Monmouth City of Auburn City of Portland, Bureau of Water Works County of Westchester City of The Dalles Dutchess County Board of Supervisors City of Toledo Hudson River-Black River Regulating District County of Clatsop, Board of Commissioners Nassau County Department of Public Works County of Coos, Board of Commissioners New York City Department of Water Supply, Gas, and County of Douglas, County Court Electricity and New York City Board of Water Supply County of Lane, Board of Commissioners New York State Department of Conservation, Division of County of Washington, Board of Commissior^rs Water Resources North Unit Irrigation District New York State Department of Health, Pollution Control Oregon State Board of Higher Education Board Oregon State Game Commission New York State Department of Transportation Onondaga County Department of Public Works Oregon State Highway Commission Onondaga County Water Authority State Engineer of Oregon Oswegatchie River-Cranberry Reservoir Commission Water Resources Department, Office of the State Engineer Suffolk County Board of Supervisors Pennsylvania: Suffolk County Water Authority Chester County Water Resources Authority Village of Nyack, Water Department City of Bethlehem North Carolina: City of Easton City of Asheville City of Harrisburg City of Burlington City of Philadelphia City of Charlotte Delaware River Master City of Durham Lehigh County Soil and Water Conservatior District City of Greensboro Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, S'^-ate Soil and City of Lenoir Water Conservation Commission City of Morganton City of Winston-Salem Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters, Water North Carolina Department of Conservation and Develop­ and Power Resources Board ment, Division of Mineral Resources Pennsylvania Department of Internal Affairs, Bureau of North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources Topographic and Geologic Survey North Carolina State Highway Commission Pennsylvania State University North Carolina State University Rhode Island: Town of Waynesville City of Providence Wake County Board of Commissioners State Department of Public Works: North Dakota: Division of Harbors and Rivers North Dakota Geological Survey Division of Roads and Bridges Oliver County Board of County Commissioners State Water Resources Coordinating Board STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL COGPERATORS A213

South Carolina: Virginia Continued City of Spartanburg City of Roanoke Commissioners of Public Works, Spartanburg Water Works City of Staunton Pickens County Planning and Development Commission County of Chesterfield Spartanburg County Planning and Development Commis­ County of Fairfax sion Virginia Department of Conservation and Economic Devel­ South Carolina State Development Board opment : South Carolina State Highway Department Division of Mineral Resources South Carolina State Pollution Control Authority Division of Water Resources South Carolina State Public Service Authority Virginia Department of Highways South Dakota: Washington: Black Hills Conservancy Subdistrict City of Port Angeles City of Sioux Falls City of Seattle East-Dakota Conservancy Subdistrict City of Tacoma: South Dakota Department of Highways Department of Public Utilities South Dakota State Geological Survey Department of Public Works South Dakota State Water Resources Commission King County Water District 100 Tennessee: Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle City of Chattanooga Washington State Department of Fisheries City of Lawrenceburg Washington State Department of Game City of Memphis Washington State Department of Highways City of Murfreesboro Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Divi­ City of Oak Ridge sion of Mines and Geology Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County Washington State Department of Water Resources Tennessee Department of Conservation: Washington State Pollution Control Commission Division of Geology Western Washington State College Division of Water Resources West Virginia: Tennessee Department of Highways Clarksburg Water Board Tennessee Department of Public Health, Stream Pollution Morgantown Water Commission Control West Virginia Department of Natural Resources Tennessee Game and Fish Commission West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Division Texas: of Water Resources City of Dallas West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey City of Houston West Virginia State Road Commission Orange County Commissioners Court and Sabine River Wisconsin: Authority of Texas Regents of the University of Wisconsin, Geological and Pecos River Commission Natural History Survey Sabine River Compact Commission Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Texas A and M University Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: Texas Highway Department Division of Conservation Texas Water Development Board Division of Resource Development Winkler County Commissioners Court and City of Kermit Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of High­ Utah: ways Bear River Commission Wyoming: Salt Lake County City of Casper, Board of Public Utilities Utah Department of Natural Resources: City of Cheyenne, Board of Public Utilities Division of Water Rights City of Rawlins Division of Water Resources Office of the State Engineer Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Wheatland Irrigation District Utah State Road Commission Wyoming Department of Health, Division of Environmental Sanitation Utah State University, Water Research Laboratory Wyoming Game and Fish Commission Vermont: Wyoming Geological Survey Vermont Department of Highways Wyoming Highway Department Vermont Geological Survey Wyoming Natural Resource Board Vermont Water Resources Board Wyoming State Department of Agriculture Virginia: Wyoming State Engineer City of Alexandria City of Newport News OTHER COOPERATORS AND CONTRIBUTES CWty of Norfolk: Department of Public Works Bucknell University Division of Water Supply Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFFICES MAIN CENTERS

Main Office: General Services Building, 18th and F Streets NW., Washington, D.C. 20242; 202 343-1100 Rocky Mountain Center: Federal Center, Denver, Colo. 80225; 303 233-3611 Pacific Coast Center: 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, Calif. 94025; 415 325-6761 PUBLIC INQUIRIES OFFICES

Location Official in charge and telephone number Address Alaska, Anchorage 99501 ______Margaret I. Erwin (277-0577)______108 Skyline Bldg., 508 2d Ave. California, Los Angeles 90012___._-___ Lucy E. Birdsall (213 688-2850)______7638 Federal Bldg., 300 N. Los Angelesr St. San Francisco 94111 ______Jean V. Molleskog (415 556-5627)------504 Custom House, 555 Battery St. Colorado, Denver 80202_____.____._ Lorene C. Young (303 297-4169)__-__-__-- 1012 Federal Bldg., 1961 Stout St. Texas, Dallas 75202___._-__.__,-_____ Mary E. Reid (214 749-3230) -______602 Thomas Bldg., 1314 Wood St. Utah, Salt Lake City 841!!_.______Maurine Clifford (801 524-5652)___-__-_-- 8102 Federal Bldg., 125 S. State St. Washington, Spokane 99201____---.-__ Eva M. Raymond (509 838-4611, ext. Ill, 678 U.S. Court House, West 920 Riverside 112). Ave.

SELECTED FIELD OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES AND PUERTO RICO [Temporary offices not included; list current as of July 1,1968. Correspondence to the following offices should be addressed to the Post Office Box, if one is given]

COMPUTER CENTER DIVISION Location Official in charge and telephone number Address Arizona, Flagstaff 86001______Donald L. Hogans (602 774-1312, 1311).-- 601 E. Cedar Ave. California, Menlo Park 94025-______James L. Mueller (415 325-2660, 2661)._ 345 Middlefield Rd. Colorado, Denver 80225______Frederick B. Sower (303 233-6463, 6170)_ Bldg. 25, Federal Center. Missouri, Rolla 65401______Keith M. Beardsley (314 364-6985)______P.O. Box 41.

CONSERVATION DIVISION

[The small letter in parentheses following each oflacial's name denotes branch affiliation in the Conservation Division as follows: c Branch of Mineral Classification, m Branch of Mining Operations, o Branch of Oil and Gas Operations, w Branch of Waterpower Classification] Location Official in charge and telephone number Address Alaska, Anchorage 99501.______Leo H. Saarela (m) (907277-0578), Alexander P.O. Box 259; 207 Skyline Bldg., 218 F St. A. Wanek (c) (907 277-0570), W. J. Linton (o) (907 277-0579). California, Los Angeles 90012. ______William C. Gere (c) (213 688-2846), D. W. 7744 Federal Bldg., 300 N. Los Angeles St. Solanas (o) (213 688-2846). Sacramento 95814-______Kenneth W. Sax (w) (916 449-2203).-___ 8030 Federal Bldg., 650 Capitol Mall. Bakersfield 93301.______Harry Lee Wolf (o), E. E. Richardson (c) 309 Federal Bldg., 800 Truxtun Ave. (805 323-7201). Colorado, Denver 80202._.______Edward R. Haymaker (o) (303 297-4752), 6041 and 6029 Federal Bldg., 1961 Stou4-, St. John P. Storrs (m) (303 297-4751). Denver 80225-______George H. Horn (c) (303 233-8168)_----- Bldg. 25, Federal Center. Denver 80202__-_--__--_-_____._ William C. Senkpiel (w) (303 297-4753), 6023 and 6025 Federal Bldg., 1961 Stout St. Robert G. Dickinson (c) (303 297-4751). Durango 81302______Jerry W. Long (o) (303 247-5144)______P.O. Box 1809; Jarvis Bldg., 125 W. 10th St. Louisiana, Metairie 70002_____._-__-_ Robert F. Evans (o), Gayle A. Oglesby (c) 336 Imperial Office Bldg., 3301 N. Causeway (504834-9501) ______Blvd. Lafayette 70501 ______George Kinsel (o) (318 232-0239) ______P.O. Box 52289; 239 Bendel Rd. A215

318-835 O - 68 - 15 A216 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFFICES

Location Official in charge and telephone number Address Montana, Billings 59103______Albert F. Czarnowsky (m), Hillary A. Oden P.O. Box 2550; 217 Post Office Bldg. (o) (406 245-6711, ext. 6368), Elmer M. Schell (c) (406 245-6711, ext. 6367). Great Falls 59401-.------Andrew F. Bateman (c) (406 761-3314), P.O. Boxes 2265 and 1215; 510 1st Ave. N. John A. Fraher (o) (406 761-3336). New Mexico, Artesia88210.______James A. Knauf (o) (505 746-4841)______Drawer U; 200 Carper Bldg., 105 S. 4th St. Carlsbad 88220______..__...__. Robert S. Fulton (m), James S. Hinds (c) P.O. Box 1716; Federal Bldg-., 114 S. Hala- (505885-6454). gueno St. Farmington87401______.__ PhilipT. MeGrath (o), J.E.Fassett (c) (505 P.O. Box 959; 409 Petroleu-n Club Plaza, 325-4572). 3535 E. 30th St. Hobbs 88240______-_.___. Arthur R. Brown (o) (505 393-3612)_.____. Box 1157; 205 N. Linam St. Roswell 88201.._-.-______J. A. Anderson (o) (505 622-9857), Donald Drawer 1857; Federal Bldg. and U.S. Court- M. Van Sickle (c) (505 622-1332). house, Richardson Ave. at 5th St. Oklahoma, Holdenville 74848..-.______GerhardtH. W. Schuster (o) (405379-3840). P.O. Box. 789; 5 Federal Bldg. McAlester 74501--.______Alex M. Dinsmore (m) (918 423-5030)_____ P.O. Box 816; 509 S. 3d St. Miami 74354..___..______Claro V. Collins (m) (918 542-9481)______P.O. Box 509; 205 Federal Bldg. Oklahoma City 73102_____-____-- Charley W. Nease (o) (405 236-2311)______4321 Federal Courthouse and Office Bldg., 220 N.W. 4th St. Tulsa 74103-______Edward L. Johnson (c) (918 584-7638), 4562 New Federal Bldg., 333 W. 4th St. N. Orvis Frederick (o) (918 584-7632). Oregon, Portland 97208______Loyd L. Young (w) (503 234-3996)..______P.O. Box 3202; 830 N.E. Holladay St. Utah, Salt Lake City 84111______Ernest Blessing (m) (801 524-5646), Rod- 8402, 8416, and 8422 Federal Bldg., 125 S. ney A. Smith (o) (801 524-5650), Howard State St. F. Albee (c) (801 524-5643). Washington, Tacoma 98401 _-______Gordon C. Giles (w) (206 383-5380)______P.O. Box 1152; 244 Federal Pldg. Wyoming, Casper 82601______J. R. Schwabrow (o) (307 265-3405), Wil- P.O. Box 400; 305 Federal Bldg. Ham H. Laraway (c) (307 265-3270). Newcastle 82701__.-_____--__---_ Glenn E. Worden (o) (307 746-4554)______P.O. Box 219; 214 W. Main St. Rock Springs 82901______Gerald R. Daniels (o) (307 362-6422), Arne P.O. Box 1170; 201 and 204 First Security A. Mattila (m) (307 362-7350). Bank Bldg., 502 S. Front FS. Thermopolis 82443______-_____- Charles P. Clifford (o) (307 864-3477)----- P.O. Box 590; 202 Federal BJdg.

GEOLOGIC DIVISION

Location Official in charge and telephone number Address Alaska, College 99735.______Robert M. Chapman (479-7245).______P.O. Box 580; Brooks Memorial Bldg. Arizona, Flagstaff 86001______.______Alfred H. Chidester (602 774-1455)_-___-__ 601 E. Cedar Ave. Hawaii, Hawaii National Park 96718._ Howard A. Powers (678-485)______Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Kentucky, Lexington 40503.__.______Paul W. Richards (606 252-2312, ext. 2552). 496 Southland Drive. Maryland, Beltsville 20705___-_.___. Norman L. Hatch, Jr. (301 474-4800, ext. U.S. Geological Survey BMg., Dept. of 470). Agriculture Research Center. Massachusetts, Boston 02116______Lincoln R. Page (617 223-7202)______80 Broad St. New Mexico, Albuquerque 87106____ Charles B. Read (505 247-0311, ext. 483)__ P.O. Box 4083, Station A; Geology Bldg., Univ. of New Mexico. Ohio, Columbus 43210_____.__-____.._ James M. Schopf (614 294-1810)__-.-.__ Orton Hall, Ohio State Univ., 155 S. Oval Drive. Puerto Rico, Roosevelt 00929.______Regionald P. Briggs (Hata Rey 766-5340) P.O. Box 803. Tennessee, Knoxville 37902. _.-_-___._ Robert A. Laurence (615524-4011, ext. 4261). 11 Post Office Bldg. Texas, Austin 78701____.______D. Hoye Eargle (512 476-6580)______801 Federal Center. Utah, Salt Lake City 84111______._ Lowell S. Hilpert (801 524-5640)___.____.. 8426 Federal Bldg. Washington, Spokane 99204______Albert E. Weissenborn (509 838-3121)_____ South 157 Howard St. Wisconsin, Madison 53706.______Carl E. Dutton (608 255-3311, ext. 2128) __ 222 Science Hall, Univ. of Wisconsin. Wyoming, Laramie 82071 ______J. David Love (307 FRanklin 5-4495)__-_- Box 3007, Univ. Station; Geology Hall, Univ. of Wyoming.

TOPOGRAPHIC DIVISION

Location Engineer in charge and telephone number Address California, Menlo Park 94025. ______Roy F. Thurston (415 325-2411) ______345 Middlefield Rd. Colorado, Denver 80225,. ______Roland H. Moore (303 233-8548) ______Bldg. 25, Federal Center. Missouri, Rolla 65401...______Daniel Kennedy (314 364-3680)______P.O. Box 133, 9th and Elm S*s. Virginia, Arlington 22201 ______James S. Crabtree (703 557-0927) ______1109 N. Highland St. SELECTED FIELD OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES AND PUERTO RICO A217

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION

REGIONAL OFFICES Location Official in charge and telephone number Address Atlantic Coast Region: Arlington, Virginia 22209.------George E. Ferguson, Regional Hydrologist Rm. 317 George Washington Bldg., Arling- (202 343-8841). ton Towers, 1011 Arlington Blvd. Midcontinent Region: St. Louis, Missouri 63103------Elwood R. Leeson, Regional Hydrologist 1252 Federal Bldg., 1520 Market St. (314 622-4361). Rocky Mountain Region: Denver, Colorado 80225.______Thad G. McLaughlin, Regional Hydrologist Bldg. 25, Federal Center. (303 233-6701). Pacific Coast Region: Menlo Park, California 94025-.--- Warren W. Hastings, Regional Hydrologist 345 Middlefield Rd. (415 325-6761, ext. 337, 338, 339).

DISTRICT OFFICES

Alabama, Tuscaloosa, University 35486. William L. Broadhurst (205 752-8105)_____ P.O. Box V; Oil and Gas Board B^dg., Univ. of Alabama. Alaska, Anchorage 99501.______Harry Hulsing (907 277-5526, 5527).------Skyline Bldg., 218 E St. Arizona, Tucson 85717.______Horace M. Babcock (602 792-6391, 6392, P.O. Box 4070; 2555 E. 1st St. 6393). Arkansas, Little Rock 72201 ______Richard T. Sniegocki (501 372-4361, ext. Rm. 2301, Federal Office Bldg., 700 W. 5270, 5246, 5219, 5706). Capitol Ave. California, Menlo Park 94025------R. Stanley Lord (415 325-6761, ext. 326, 855 Oak Grove Ave. 327, 465, 466). Colorado, Denver 80225._ _. ___. _... Edward A. Moulder (303 233-8621) ______Bldg. 25, Federal Center. Connecticut, Hartford 06101______John Horton (203 244-2528)______-___--_ P.O. Box 715; Rm. 235, Post Office Bld«?. Delaware.______Walter F. White, Jr. (301 828-7460)______See Maryland District Office. District of Columbia ______Walter F. White, Jr. (301 828-7460). ______See Maryland District Office. Florida, Tallahassee 32304.______Clyde S. Conover (904 224-1202, 1203)____ P.O. Box 2315; Gunther Bldg., Tennessee and Woodward Sts. Georgia, Atlanta 30309.______Albert N. Cameron (404 526-5663, 5664) __ Rm. 301, 900 Peachtree St. N.E. Hawaii, Honolulu 96814.______Mearle M. Miller (588-692, 693)______Rm. 330, First Insurance Bldg., 1100 Ward Ave. Idaho, Boise 83702_____.______WillisL. Burnham (208342-2711, ext. 538)- Rm. 365, Federal Bldg., 550 W. Fort St. Illinois, Champaign 61820.______William D. Mitchell (217 359-3918)______P.O. Box 1026; 605 N. Neil St. Indiana, Indianapolis 46204.______Malcolm D. Hale (317 633-7398)______Rm. 516, 611 N. Park Ave. Iowa, Iowa City 52240______Sulo W. Wiitala (319 338-0581, ext. 475)___ 508 Hydraulic Laboratory. Kansas, Lawrence 66044_--____-._--_. Robert J. Dingman (913 864-4321)_.____ P.O. Box 768; USGS Bldg., West of 19th and Iowa Sts. Kentucky, Louisville 40202. ______Floyd F. Schrader (502 582-5241, 5242, Rm. 310, Center Bldg., 522 W. Jeffersor St. 5243). Louisiana, Baton Rouge 70806.______Rex R. Meyer (504 348-4281)______Rm. 215, Prudential Bldg., 6554 Flcrida Blvd. Maine, Augusta 04330______Gordon S. Hayes (207 623-4511, ext. 708)__ Vickery-Hill Bldg., Court St. Maryland, Towson 21204._-______Walter F. White, Jr. (301 828-7460)------724 York Rd. Massachusetts, Boston 02203______Charles E. Knox (617 223-2822)-.__.-____ Rm. 2300, John F. Kennedy Federal Bid?:. Michigan, Lansing 48933-______Arlington D. Ash (517 372-1910 ext. 561)__ Rm. 700, Capitol Savings and Loan Bld«?. Minnesota, St. Paul 55101.___.______Charles R. Collier (612 228-7843, 7842)____ Rm. 1002, New Post Office Bldg. Mississippi, Jackson 39205______William H. Robinson (601 948-7821 ext. P.O. Box 2052; Rm. 302, U.S. Post Office 326). Bldg. Missouri, Rolla 65401._.______Anthony Homyk, Jr. (314 364-1599) ____ P.O. Box 340; 103 W. 10th St. Montana, Helena 59601------______Charles W. Lane (406 442-9040 ext. 3263) P.O. Box 1696; Rm. 421, Federal Bldg. Nebraska, Lincoln 68508. ______Kenneth A. MacKichan (402 475-3643)____ Rm. 127, Nebraska Hall, 901 N. 17th S4;. Nevada, Carson City 89701 _____-__. George F. Worts, Jr. (702 882-1388)______222 E. Washington St. New Hampshire____---_--__------Charles E. Knox (617 223-2822)______See Massachu&etts District Office. New Jersey, Trenton 08607_-_-_------John E. McCall (609 599-3511, ext. 212, P.O. Box 2415; Rm. 420, Federal Bldg. 213). New Mexico, Albuquerque 87106------William E. Hale (505 247-0311, ext. 2246). P.O. Box 4369; Geology Bldg., University of New Mexico. A218 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFFICES

Location Official in charge and telephone number Address New York, Albany 12201-____...____ Garald G. Parker (518 472-3107) ._._.. P.O. Box 948; Rm. 343, U.S. Post Office and Court House. North Carolina, Raleigh 27602______Ralph C. Heath (919 828-9031, ext. 126). P.O. Box 2857; 4th Floor, Federal Bldg. North Dakota, Bismarck 58501____._ Harlan M. Erskine (701 255-4011, ext. 227, P.O. Box 778; Rm. 348, New Federal Bldg., 228). 3d St. and Rosser Ave. Ohio, Columbus 43212.______John J. Molloy (614 469-5553, 5554)__.--. 975 West 3d Ave. Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73102._____ John W. Odell (405 236-2311, ext. 257, Rm. 4301, Federal Bldg. ard U.S. Court 258). House, 200 N.W. 4th St. Oregon, Portland 97208_..___.______. Stanley F. Kapustka (503 234-3361, ext. P.O. Box 3202; 830 N.E. Holiday. 1976, 1977, 1978). Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19106_-_-_- Norman H. Beamer (215 597-7366)______Rm. 607, U.S. Custom House, 2d and Chestnut Sts. Puerto Rico, San Juan 00934______Dean B. Bogart (809 783-4660, 4469, 4788). 2d Floor, Bldg. 653 at Ft. Buchanan; Bldg. 652, U.S. Naval Station Annex. Rhode Island.. ______Charles E. Knox (617 223-2822)______See Massachusetts District Office. South Carolina, Columbia 29204_____ John S. gtallings (803 253-8371 ext. 401) 2346 Two Notch Rd. South Dakota, Huron 57350.______John E. Powell (605 352-8651 ext. 293, P.O. Box 1412; Rm. 231, Federal Bldg. 294). Tennessee, Nashville 37203...._ ___ Edward J. Kennedy (615 242-8321 ext. Rm. 144, Federal Bldg. 5424). Texas, Austin 78701______Trigg Twichell (512 475-5766, 5767, 5768) Federal Bldg., 300 E. 8th Ave. Utah, Salt Lake City 84111______Theodore Arnow (801 524-5663, 5657, Rm. 8002, Federal Bldg., 125 S. State St. 5658). Vermont____---______---____--_ Charles E. Knox (617 223-2822)______See Massachusetts District OHce. Virginia, Richmond 23220---._____ James W. Gambrell (703 649-2427)_____ 200 W. Grace St. Washington, Tacoma 98402____.______Leslie B. Laird (206 383-2861, ext. 384)__ Rm. 300, 1305 Tacoma Ave., South. West Virginia, Charleston 25301.______William C. Griffin (304 343-6181, ext. Rm. 3303, New Federal Bldg. and U.S. 310, 311). Court House, 500 Quarrier St., East. Wisconsin, Madison 53706__-----__-_- Charles L. R. Holt, Jr. (608 262-2488)__ Rm. 200, 1815 University Ave. Wyoming, Cheyenne 82001-----.---- Leon A. Wiard (307 778-2317, 2331, 2414, P.O. Box 2087; 215 E. 8th Ave. 2474).

OFFICES IN OTHER COUNTRIES

GEOLOGIC DIVISION

Location Official in charge Address Brazil, Brasilia______U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID/Brasilia, APO New York 09676. Recife______U.S. Geological Survey, U.P- AID/Recife/ American Consulate, APO New York 09676. Rio de Janeiro.______Max G. White.. _--_ __- _ ____ U.S. Geological Survey, USAID/ENRG/ USGS, 2637 BEG Bldg., APO New York 09676. Colombia, Bogota______Earl M. Irving_____ -__ - ______U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID/UID Bogota, c/o American Embassy, Bogota", Colombia. Bucaramango______U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. . AID/UID Bogotd, U.S. Dept. of State, Washington, D.C. 20521. MedelHn__ . _- ______- _ ___ U.S. Geological Survey, c/o American Con­ sulate, Medellin, Colombia India, New Delhi ..______S. Anthony Stanin.______U.S. Geological Survey, Ne^ Delhi (ID), U.S. Dept. of State, Warhington, D.C. 20521. Liberia, Monrovia____- ______Warren L. Coonrad______U.S. Geological Survey, c/o American Em­ bassy AID/Geology, APO New York 09155. Pakistan, Lahore.____-___.--___.____ Darwin L. Rossman.______._ U.S. Geological Survey, U.S1 AID/Lahore, U.S. Dept. of State, Washington, D.C. 20521. OFFICES IN OTHER COUNTRIES /219

Location Official in charge Address Saudi Arabia, Jiddah______Glen F. Brown______U.S. Geological Survey, c/o American Em­ bassy, APO New York 09697. Turkey, Ankara. ______John P. Albers...____-___-______-U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID, c/o American Embassy, APO New York 09254.

WATER RESOURCES DIVISION

Location Official in charge Address Afghanistan, Kabul______.__ Arthur O. Westfall______,______U.S. AID (USGS) Kabul, U.S. Dep^. of State, Washington, D.C. 20521. Brazil, Recife.-.---._.---_____--_. William C. Sinclair.______-_-__ AID/Geological Survey, c/o American Con- Gen/Recife, APO New York 09676. Rio de Janeiro.______Glennon N. Mesnier______U.S. AID/ENRG/Rio, 2645 BEG Eluding, APO New York 09676. Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.__.______James R. Jones...... ___..._____. U.S. AID, APO New York 09319. Korea, Seoul...------.----.--.- Joseph T. CaUahan....______.-..---._ U.S. Geological Survey, USOM/BUREC, APO San Francisco, California 96301. Nepal, Katmandu----__---._--__-___ Woodrow W. Evett...-_____._..._.._ U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID, c/o American Embassy, APO New York 09674. Nigeria, Kaduna______Raymond T. Baser._-______--.. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID/Nioceria, c/o American Consulate, Kaduna, Nigeria. Kano_-_____-__-__-__.___-___- Billy E. Colson_____-____.______. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID/Lagos, U.S. Dept. of State, Washington, D.C. 20521. Maiduguri______G. Chase Tibbitts, Jr_.______U.S. Geological Survey, c/o Geological Survey of Nigeria, P.M.B. 32, Maidnguri, Northern Region, Nigeria. Pakistan, Lahore.-_-_-..-.______Herbert A. Waite______U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. AID/Lfhore, U.S. Dept. of State, Washington, D.C. 20521.

INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS Investigations in progress at the end of fiscal year 1968 are listed below, together with the names and head­ quarters of the individuals in charge of each. Headquarters at main centers are indicated by (W) for Washington, D.C., (D) for Denver, Colo., and (M) for Menlo Park, Calif.; headquarters in other cities are indicated by name (see list of offices, p. A215, for addresses). Inquiries regarding projects for which no address is given in the list, of offices should be directed to the appropriate Division of the Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20242. The lowercase letter following the name of the project leader shows the Division technical responsibility: c, Conserva­ tion Division; w, Water Resources Division; no letter, Geologic Division. The projects are classified by principal topic. Most geologic-mapping projects involve special studies of stratigraphy, petrology, geologic structure, or mineral deposits, but are listed only under "Geologic Mapping" unless a special topic or commodity is the primary justification for the project. A reader interested in investigations of volcanology, for example, should look under the heading "Geologic Mapping" for projects in areas of volcanic rocks, as well as under the heading "Volcanology." Likewise, most water-resources investigations involve special studies of several aspects of hydrolpgy and geology, but are listed only under "Water Resources" unless a special topic such as floods or sedimentation is the primary justification for the project. Areal geologic mapping is subdivided into mapping at scales smaller than 1 inch to 1 mile (for example, 1:250,000), and mapping at scales of 1 inch to 1 mile, or larger (for example, 1:62,500; 1:24,000).

Analytical chemistry: ; Artificial recharge Continued Analytical methods water chemistry (M. W. Skougstad, Texas, artificial recharge study High Plains of Texas w, D) and New Mexico (R. F. Brown, w, Lubbo-.k) Analytical services and research (I. May, W; L. F. Rader, Asbestos: Jr., D) Southeastern United States, ultramafic rocks (D. M. Lar- Chemical equilibrium and kinetic studies surface and rabee, W) solution chemistry of aluminum hydroxides Arizona, Blue House and McFadden Peak quadrangles (R. W. Smith, w, M) (A. F. Shride, D) Natural organic micromolecules in water (R. L. Wer- Base metals: shaw, w, D) Colorado, Wet Mountains (Q. D. Singewald, W) Organic geochemistry and infrared analysis (I. A. Missouri, iron (P. W. Guild, W) Breger, W) See also base-metal names. Organic substances pesticides in water (W. L. Lamar, Bibliographies and abstracts: w, M) Alaskan geology, index of literature (E. H. Cobb, M) Pesticides, determination in water (G. Stratton, w, Arid-land hydrology, bibliography (S. E. Rantz, w, M) Columbus, Ohio) Geophysical abstracts (J. W. Clarke, W) Radioactivation and radiochemistry (H. T. Millard, D) Hydrology of the United States, bibliography (J. R. Ran­ Radiometric methods of analysis (L. L. Thatcher, w, D) dolph, w, W) Rock and mineral chemical analysis (J. J. Fahey, W) Lunar bibliography (J. H. Freeberg, M) Rock chemical analysis: North American geology, bibliography (J. W. Clarke, W) General (L. C. Peck, D) Specific yield of ground water, California, annotated b'b- Rapid (L. Shapiro, W) liography (A. I. Johnson, w, D) Testing for phenols in water (S. D. Faust, w, Trenton, Vanadium, geology and resources, bibliography (J. P. N.J.) Ohl, D) Trace analysis methods, research (F. N. Ward, D) Berates: Trace analysis service (K. W. Keong, D) Borate marshes, California, Nevada, and Oregon (W. C. Water analysis methods manual (E. Brown, w, D) Smith, M) See also Spectroscopy. California: Artificial recharge: Furnace Creek area (J. F. McAllister, M) Florida, injection of wastes in deep wells (D. A. Searles Lake area (G. I. Smith, M) Goolsby, w, Ocala) Chromite. See Ferro-alloy metals. Idaho, Snake Plain aquifer (R. F. Norvitch, w, Boise) Clays: New York, treated sewage through an injection well, Clay chemistry (D. Carroll, M) Bay Park, Long Island (G. D. Bennett, w, Appalachia, northern part (J. W. Hosterman, W) Mineola) A221 A.222 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Clays Continued Coal Continued Florida and Georgia, Attapulgus-Thomasville fuller's North Dakota Continued earth deposits (S. H. Patterson, W) White Butte NE, NW, W, and E quadrangles (K. S. Coal: Soward, c, Great Falls, Mont.) Resources of the United States (P. Averitt, D) Oregon: Alaska: Bandon SE quadrangle (R. G. Wayland, c, W) Bering River coal field (A. A. Wanek, c, Anchorage) Coquille SW quadrangle (R. G. Wayland, c, W) Kukpowruk River coal field (A. A. Wanek, c, Anchor­ Pennsylvania: age) Anthracite region, flood control (M. J. Bergin, W) Nenana (C. Wahrhaftig, M) Claysville-Avella area (S. P. Schweinfurth, W) Arizona: Mather-Garards Fort area (B. H. Kent, D" Cummings Mesa quadrangle (F. Peter son, c, D) Southern anthracite field (G. H. Wood, Jr., W) Navajo Reservation, fuels potential (R. B. O'Sullivan, Waynesburg-Oak Forest area (J. B. Roen, W) D) Western Middle anthractie field (H. Arndt, D) Arkansas, Arkansas Basin (B. R. Haley, D) Utah: California: Canaan Creek quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Hernandez Valley quadrangle (E. E. Richardson, c, Carcass Canyon quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Bakersfield) Cummings Mesa quadrangle (F. Peterson, c, D) Priest Valley SE quadrangle (E. E. Richardson, c, Dave Canyon quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Bakersfield) Death Ridge quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Colorado: Gilbert Peak 1 NE quadrangle (E. M. Schell, c, Bill­ Banty Point quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) ings, Mont.) Chair Mountain quadrangle (L. H. Godwin, c, Los Griffin Point quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Angeles, Calif.) Henrieville quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Corral Bluffs quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Horse Flat quadrangle (H.. D. Zeller, c, D; Hanover NW quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Jessen Butte quadrangle (E. M. Schell, c, Billings ^ Hot Sulphur Springs quadrangle (G. A. Izett, c, D) Mont.) Kremmling quadrangle (G. A. Izett, c, D) Navajo Reservation, fuels potential (R. B. O1 Sul­ Mellen Hill quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) livan, D) Montrose 1 SE, 1 SW, and 4 NE quadrangles (R. G. Phil Pico Mountain quadrangle (E. M. Fchell, c, Dickinson, c, D) Billings, Mont.) Peoria quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Pine Lake quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, Tx Rangely 7^-minute quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Seep Flat quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Rangely NE quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Upper Valley quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Wide Hollow Reservoir quadrangle (E. V. Stephens, Strasburg NW quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) c, D) Watkins quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Virginia: Watkins SE quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Big Stone Gap district (R. L. Miller, W) Montana: Pocahontas coal beds (K. J. Englund, W) Black John Coulee quadrangle (H. J. Hyden, c, D) Wyoming: Gardiner SW quadrangle (G. D. Fraser, c, D) Browns Hill quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Hardy quadrangle (K. S. Soward, c, Great Falls) Ferris quadrangle (R. L. Rioux, c, W) Jordan 2 NE quadrangle (G. D. Mowat, c, Billings) Ferry Peak quadrangle (D. A. Jobin, c, D) Jordan 2 SE quadrangle (H. J. Hyden, c, D) Fish Lake quadrangle (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) Livingston Trail Creek (A. E. Roberts, D) Jackson quadrangle (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Lake City, Rocky Reef quadrangle (K. S. Soward, c, Great Falls) Utah) Nevada, Coaldale area (L. H. Godwin, c, Los Angeles, Jessen Butte area (E. M. Schell, c, Billings, Mont.) Calif.) Munger Mountain (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Lake City, New Mexico: Utah) Fruitland Formation (J. E. Fassett, c, Farmington) Observation Peak quadrangle (H. F. Alt^e, c, Salt Gallup West area (J. E. Fassett, c, Farmington) Lake City, Utah) Manuelito quadrangle (J. E. Fassett, c, Farmington) Oil Mountain quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Casper) Samson Lake quadrangle (J. E. Fassett, c, Farming- Pilot Knob quadrangle (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) ton) Poison Spider quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Casper) San Juan Basin, east side (C. H. Dane, W) Reid Canyon (W. H. Laraway, c, Casper) Twin Butte quadrangle (J. E. Fassett, c, Farming- Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D; ton) Sheridan Pass quadrangle (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) North Dakota: Square Top Butte quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Cas­ Clark Butte 15-minute quadrangle (G. D. Mowat, c, per) Billings, Mont.) Taylor Mountain quadrangle (M. L. Schrceder, c, D) Dengate quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Teton Pass quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Glen Ullin quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Turquoise Lake (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Heart Butte and Heart Butte NW quadrangles (E. V. White Rock Canyon quadrangle (H. J. Hyden, c, Stephens, c, D) North Almont quadrangle (H. L. Smith, c, D) CONSTRUCTION AND TERRAIN PROBLEMS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION A223

Construction and terrain problems: Contamination, water Continued Austere airfield site studies, worldwide (W. E. Davies, See also Analytical chemistry; Salt-water intrusion. Arlington, Va.) Copper: Botanical techniques for on-site investigations (H. T. Alaska, southern Brooks Range (W. P. Brosge, M) Shacklette, D) Arizona: Deformation research (S. P. Kanizay, D) Ray porphyry copper, (H. R. Cornwall, M) Electronics instrumentation research (J. B. Bennetti, D) Twin Buttes area (J. R. Cooper, D) Foreign playas (D. B. Krinsley, Arlington, Va.) Michigan, Michigan copper district (W. S. White, W) Geologic effects analysis, nuclear explosives (F. A. Utah, Bingham Canyon district (E. W. Tooker, M) McKeown, D) Crustal studies. See Earthquake studies; Geophysics, re­ Geologic environmental studies for land-use planning, gional. California (C. M. Wentworth, Jr., M) Detergents. See Contamination, water. Mudflow studies, Washington, Oregon, Colorado (D. R. Earthquake studies: Crandell, D) Aeromagnetic investigation for crustal studies (I. Zietz, Reactor site investigations (H. H. Waldron, D) W) Research in rock mechanics (T. C. Nichols, Jr., D) Crustal strain studies (R. O. Burford, M) Research on faults for land-use planning (M. G. Bonilla, Crustal studies (ARPA) (I. Zietz, W) M) Earth structure studies (J. H. Healy, M) Seismicity as related to geologic parameters (R. O. Fault-zone geophysical studies (W. H. Jackson, M) Castle, M) Ground motion studies (R. D. Borcherdt and J. H. Healy, Sino-Soviet terrain atlas (J. Rachlin, W) M) Source materials services (L. D. Bonham, Arlington, Hazard analysis: Va.) Anchorage, Alaska (E. Dobrovolny, D) Special intelligence (M. J. Terman, Arlington, Va.) Juneau, Alaska (R. D. Miller, D) Topical geophysics (R. D. Carroll, D) Small coastal communities (R. W. Lemke, D) Vela on-site inspection (R. E. Davis, D) Project Sterling (J. H. Healy, M) Water-resource development, potential applications of Research on faults for land-use planning (M. G. Bonilla, nuclear explosives (F. W. Stead, D) M) California, San Francisco Bay sediments engineering Research on rock mechanics (T. C. Nichols, Jr., D) geology studies (D. R. Nichols, M) Seismicity as related to geologic parameters (R. O. Colorado: Castle, M) Black Canyon of the Gunnison River (W. R. Hansen, Stress studies (C. B. Raleigh, M) D) Alaska, Montague Island earthquake investigations Straight Creek tunnel (F. T. Lee, D) (G. Plafker, M) Massachusetts: California: Sea-cliff erosion studies (C. A. Kaye, Boston) Basement and volcanic rock studies along San Andreas Western Massachusetts, materials maps (G. W. fault (D. C. Ross, M) Holmes, W) Breaks along the San Andreas fault (R. D. Brown, Jr., Nevada, Nevada Test Site, site studies (P. P. Orkild, D) M) Utah, coal-mine bumps (F. W. Osterwald, D) Evolution of sedimentary basins near San And-eas See also Urban geology. fault (J. G. Vedder, M) Contamination, water: Geologic framework of San Andreas fault (T. W. Dib- Pesticide pollutants in water (R. L. Wershaw, w, D) blee, Jr., M) Alabama, sewage lagoon study (W. J. Powe 11, w, Geophysical studies, San Andreas fault (J. H. Healy, Tuscaloosa) M) Massachusetts, ground-water contamination from high­ Hayward-Calaveras fault zones (D. H. Radbruch, M) way salt (S. J. Pollock, w, Boston) Regional tectonic analysis (R. E. Wallace, M) New Hampshire, ground-water contamination from high­ Colorado, Denver earthquake studies (D. B. Hoover, D) way salt (H. A. Whitcomb, w, Concord) Utah, Wasatch fault zone (M. E. Morisawa, D) New York: Ecology: Abatement of pollution, southwestern Nassau County Biology of streams as related to hydrological, chemical, (N. M. Perlmutter, w, Mineola) and physical factors (B. W. Lium, w, Salt Lake Cadmium-chromium and detergent contamination in City, Utah) ground water, Nassau County (N. M. Perlmut­ Washington, Influence of stream hydraulics on ter, w, Mineola) anadromous fish migration and propagation Detergents, contamination at three public-supply well (M. R. Collings, w, Tacoma) fields, Suffolk County (N. M. Perlmutter, w, Engineering geologic studies. See Construction and terrain Mineola) problems; Urban geology. Pennsylvania, hydrology of acid-mine-drainage demon­ Evaporation: stration projects (T. G. Newport, w, Harris- Evaporation from lakes and reservoirs (J. S. Meyers, w, burg) D) West Virginia, acid mine drainage, Grassy Run Roaring Creek (J. T. Gallaher, w, Morgantown) A224 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Evaporation Continued Extrat&rr-eetrial studies Continued Verification of mass-transfer and pan relations for large Lunar exploration techniques Continued lakes and reservoirs, Salton Sea (A. M. Stur- Astrogeologic data facilities studies (D. H. Dahlem, rock, Jr., w, Salton City, Calif.) Flagstaff, Ariz.) California, Vail Reservoir evaporation study (E. R. Hed- Early Apollo geophysical topical studies (H. D. Acker- man, w, Garden Grove) mann, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Indiana, evaporation losses from lakes (C. H. Tate, w, Geophysical methods and site control (F, H. Godson, Indianapolis) Flagstaff, Ariz.) Louisiana, pond-evaporation study (F. N. Lee, w, Baton Lunar materials, resources and processes (D. P. Rouge) Elston, Flagstaff, Ariz.) North Carolina: Mission planning (T. N. V. Karlstrom, Flagstaff, Lake Michie, evaporation analysis (J. F. Turner, w, Ariz.) Raleigh) Photogrammetry (R. M. Batson, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Roxboro Lake, evaporation and thermal-loading Post-Apollo investigations: analysis (J. F. Turner, w, Raleigh) Geologic instruments studies (G. G. Schaber, See also Hydrologic instrumentation. Flagstaff, Ariz.) Evaporation suppression: Lunar geologic methods studies (D. L. Schleicher, Mechanics of evaporation suppression and evaporation Flagstaff, Ariz.) (G. E. Koberg, w, D) Research in geologic methods (M. R. Brock, Flag­ E vapotranspiration: staff, Ariz.) Hydrologic effects of vegetation modification (R. M. Lunar mapping: Myrick, w, Tucson, Ariz.) Apollo site mapping (D. E. Wilhelms, M] Phreatophytes and their effect on the hydrologic regimen Lunar stratigraphy (D. E. Wilhelms, M) (T. W. Robinson, w, M) Lunar trafficability (L. C. Rowan, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Root-zone conditions and plant-physiological processes Ranger geologic mapping (N. J. Trask, M) as factors in evapotranspiration, Imperial Selenography (D. W. G. Arthur, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Camp (O. M. Grosz, w, Yuma, Ariz.) Surveyor-coordination and geologic syrthesis (E. C. Use of water by saltcedarin evapotranspirometers, Morris, Flagstaff, Ariz.) measured and computed by energy budget and Terrain analysis (L. C. Rowan, Flagstaff, Ariz.) mass transfer methods, Arizona (T. E. A. van Lunar remote sensing techniques: Hylckama, w, Lubbock, Tex.) Experimental photometric investigations (R. L. Arizona: Wildey, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Phreatophyte project, Gila River (R. C. Culler, w, Experimental photometry (H. A. Pohn and H. E. Holt, Tucson) Flagstaff, Ariz.) Study of effects of vegetation manipulation on surface Infrared studies (R. L. Wildey, Flagstaff, Ariz.) runoff, Sycamore Creek (H. W. Hjalmarson, Lunar orbiter operations (L. C. Rowrn, Flagstaff, w, Phoenix) Ariz.) California, root-zone conditions and plant-physiological Polarimetry (R. L. Wildey, Flagstaff, Ariz.) processes as factors in evapotranspiration, Surveyor-photometry andphotoclinometry(H. E. Holt, Imperial Camp (O. M. Grosz, w, Yuma, Ariz.) Flagstaff, Ariz.) New Jersey, interception and evapotranspiration of a Theoretical photometry (R. L. Wildey, Flagstaff, forest-floor shrub layer (E. C. Rhodehamel, Ariz.) W. A. Reiners, w, Trenton) Tektite and meteorite investigations: Extraterrestrial studies: Chemistry of cosmic and related materials (F. Cut- Impact investigations: titta, W) Experimental impact investigations (H. J. Moore, M) Mineralogical studies (M. B. Duke, W) Impact metamorphism (E. C. T. Chao, W) Petrography of tektites (E. C. T. Chao, W) Missile impact investigations (H. J. Moore, M) Petrology of meteorites (P. R. Brett, W) Investigations of terrestrial analogs: Ferro-alloy metals: Bend, Oreg., volcanics (L. C. Rowan, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Chromium resource studies (T. P. Thayer, W) Flynn Creek, Tennessee (D. J. Roddy, Flagstaff, Manganese: Ariz.) Geology and geochemistry (D. F. Hewet% M) Gosses Bluff, Australia, astrobleme (D. J.Milton,M) Resource studies (J. V. N. Dorr II, W) Lunar Crater, Nevada (N. J. Trask, M) Molybdenum-rhenium resource studies (R. U. King, D) Mule Ear, Utah (D. E. Stuart-Alexander, M) Ultramafic rocks of the Southeastern United States (D. M. San Francisco volcanic field (J. F. McCauley, Flag­ Larrabee, W) staff, Ariz.) Idaho, Blackbird Mountain area (J. S. Vhay, Spokane, Sierra Madera (H. G. Wilshire, M) Wash.) Lunar exploration techniques: Montana, chromite resources and petrology, Stillwater Advanced systems traverse research (G. E. Ulrich, complex (E. D. Jackson, M) Flagstaff, Ariz.) Oregon, John Day area (T. P. Thayer, W) Apollo geological instruments(J. W. M'Gonigle, Flag­ Flood characteristics of streams at selected sites: staff, Ariz.) Hydrologic effects of flood-retarding structures (G. E. Apollo geological methods (M. H. Hait, Jr., Flagstaff, Harbeck, Jr., w, D) Ariz.) FLOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAMS FLOOD-INUNDATION MAPPING A225

Flood characteristics of streams at selected sites Con­ Flood frequency Continued tinued Colorado, Denver metropolitan area (D. D. Gonzalez, w, Alabama, flood studies and bridge-site investigations Denver) (C. O. Ming, w, Tuscaloosa) Georgia (C. M. Bunch, w, Atlanta) Florida (W. C. Bridges, w, Tallahassee) Illinois (D. W. Ellis, w, Champaign) Georgia, bridge-site investigations (C. M. Bunch, Iowa (H. H. Schwob, w, Iowa City) w, Atlanta) Kansas (L. W. Furness, w, Lawrence) Iowa, flood information at selected bridge sites (H. H. Louisiana: Schwob, w, Iowa City) Flood frequency of small areas (J. L. Simmons, w, Kansas, characteristics of flood hydrographs (L. W. Baton Rouge) Furness, w, Lawrence) Hydrology and hydraulics for highways (B. L. Neely, Kentucky (C. H. Hannum, w, Louisville) w, Baton Rouge) Minnesota (L. C. Guetzkow, w, St. Paul) Missouri: Mississippi, bridge-site flood investigations (C. P. Magnitude and frequency (E. H. Sandhaus, w, Rolla) Humphreys, Jr., w, Jackson) Jefferson County (J. E. Bowie, w, Rolla) Montana, bridge-site investigations (M. V. Johnson, w, North Carolina, flood frequency and high-flow studies Helena) (H. G. Hinson, w, Raleigh) Nebraska (E. W. Beckman, w, Lincoln) Ohio (R. I. Mayo, w, Columbus) New Mexico, peak flood-flow characteristics of small Tennessee, magnitude and frequency of floods on small streams (A. G. Scott, w, Santa Fe) streams (I. J. Hickenlooper, w, Nashville) North Dakota (O. A. Crosby, w, Bismarck) Utah, magnitude and frequency (E. Butler, w, Salt Lake Ohio (R. I. Mayo, w, Columbus) City) Oregon, Luckiamute and Little Luckiamute Rivers, step- Wisconsin, magnitude and frequency (D. H. Conger, w, backwater flood profiles (C. H. Swift III, w, Madison) Portland) Flood-inundation mapping: South Carolina (B. H. Whetstone, w, Columbia) Flood-inundation maps (A. R. Green, J. O. RostveCarpenter, w, College Park) Milford quadrangle, southeastern Nebraska (F. B. Massachusetts (C. G. Johnson, Jr., w, Boston) Shaffer, K. J. Braun, w, Lincoln) Mississippi (J. W. Hudson, w, Jackson) New Jersey (T. G. Ross, w, Trenton) Montana (M. V. Johnson, w, Helena) New York (S. Hladio, w, Albany) Nebraska (E. W. Beckman, w, Lincoln) Ohio (E. E. Webber, w, Columbus) Nevada (R. D. Lamke, w, Carson City) Pennsylvania, Perkiomen Creek basin (W. F. Busch, w, New Jersey (A. C. Lendo, w, Trenton) Harris burg) North Dakota (O. A. Crosby, w, Bismarck) South Carolina, Anderson area (B. H. Whetstone, w, Ohio (E. E. Webber, w, Columbus) Columbia) Oregon (John Friday, w, Portland) Tennessee, Nashville-Davidson County metropcUtan Rhode Island (C. G. Johnson, Jr., w, Boston, Mass.) area (L. G. Conn, w, Nashville) South Carolina (B. H. Whetstone, w, Columbia) Texas, Dallas, Bachman Branch, Joes Creek, Turtle South Dakota (L. D. Becker, w, Huron) Creek, and White Rock Creek (G. R. Demp^ter, Tennessee, statewide (I. J. Hickenlooper, w, Nashville) Jr., w, Ft. Worth) Texas (E. E. Schroeder, w, Austin) West Virginia, Logan, andMartinsburgareas(P. M. Frye, Vermont (C. G. Johnson, Jr., w, Boston, Mass.) w, Charleston) Virginia (E. M. Miller, w, Richmond) Wisconsin, flood inundation study (J. O. Shearman, w, Flood frequency: Madison) Nationwide (A. R. Green, w, W) Puerto Rico (w, San Juan): North Atlantic slope basins (R. H. Tice, w, St. Louis, Storm waves along north coast of Puerto Rico (F. K. Mo.) Fields, D. G. Jordan) Semiarid regions, study of floods from small streams ATiasco area (F. K. Fields) (G. L. Haynes, Jr., w, D) Caguas, Juncos, Gurabo, San Lorenzo area (F. K. Alabama, flood frequency synthesis for small streams Fields) (C. O. Ming, w, Tuscaloosa) Guanajibo Valley (F. K. Fields) A226 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Flood-inundation mapping Continued Foreign nations, geologic investigations: Puerto Rico (w, San Juan)--Continued Brazil, mineral resources and geologic training (M. G. Guayanilla-Yauco area (F. K. Fields) White, Rio de Janeiro) Jobos-Guayama area (F. K. Fields) Colombia, minerals exploration and appraisal (E. Irving, Vega Alta and Vega Baja area (I. J. Hickenlooper) Bogota) Yabucoa area (F. K. Fields) Liberia (W. L. Coonrad, Monrovia) Flood investigations, areal: Pakistan, mineral-resources development (D. L. Ross- Arkansas River basin, floods of June 1965 Colorado, man, Lahore) Kansas, and New Mexico (C. T. Jenkins, w, D; Saudi Arabia, crystalline shield, geologic and minerals O. J. Larimer, w, Santa Fe, N. Mex.) reconnaissance (G. F. Brown, Jidda) Far Western States, floods of December 1964 (A. O. Foreign nations, hydrologic investigations. See Water re­ Waananen, w, M; D. D. Harris, w, Portland, sources, other countries. Oreg.) Fuels, organic. See Coal; Oil shale; Petroleum and natural Flood reports (J. O. Rostvedt, w, W) gas. Upper Mississippi River basin, Floods of March-May Gas, natural. See Petroleum and natural gas. 1965 Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Geochemical distribution of the elements: Missouri (D. B. Anderson, w, St. Paul, Minn.; Abundance of heavy metals in sedimentary rocks (H. A. I. L. Burmeister, w, Iowa City, Iowa) Tourtelot, D) Alaska, Chena River basin, floods of August 1967 (J. M. Botanical exploration and research (H. L. Cannon, D) Childers, w, Anchorage) Coding, data, and samples (A. T. Miesch, D) Arizona, flood hydrology (B. N. Aldridge, w, Tucson) Coding and retrieval of geologic data (T. G. Lovering, D) Arkansas (R. C. Christensen, w, Little Rock) Data of geochemistry (M. Fleischer, W) California: Data of rock analyses (M. Hooker, W) Floods of December 1964 (A. O. Waananen, w, M) Geochemical sampling and statistical analysis of data Floods of December 1966 in the Kaweah-Kern area (A. T. Miesch, D) (W. W. Dean, w, Sacramento) Light stable isotopes (J. R. O'Neil, M) Georgia, flood gaging (C. M. Bunch, w, Atlanta) Organometallic complexes, geochemistry (Peter Hawaii, Oahu, flood gaging (S. H. Hoffard, w, Honolulu) Zubovic, W) Iowa, flood profiles (H. H. Schwob, w, Iowa City) Sedimentary rocks, chemical composition (H. A. Kansas: Tourtelot, D) Statewide (L. W. Furness, w, Lawrence) California, Sierra Nevada batholith, geochemical study Unit-hydrograph characteristics (I. C. James, w, (F. Dodge, M) Lawrence) Colorado, Mt. Princeton area (P. Toulmin III, W) Louisiana: Georgia, biogeochemical reconnaissance (H. T. Rainfall-runoff relations (F. N. Lee, w, Baton Rouge) Shacklette, D) Unit-hydrograph studies (V. B. Sauer, w, Baton Kentucky, geochemical census (J. J. Connor, D) Rouge) Montana, Boulder batholith, petrochemistry (R.I. Tilling, Mississippi, floods of 1965 and 1966 (C. P. Humphreys, W) Jr., w, Jackson) Geochemical prospecting methods: Missouri, Current River basin (E. E. Gann, w, Rolla) Application of silver-gold geochemistry to exploration New Jersey, flood warning (E. W. Moshinsky, w, Trenton) (H. W. Lakin, D) New York, peak discharge of ungaged streams (B. Dunn, Botanical exploration and research (H. L. Cannon, D) w, Albany) Elements in organic-rich material (F. N. Ward, D) Tennessee: Geochemical exploration studies with volatile elements Chattanooga Creek, flood profiles (A. M. F. Johnson, (J. H. McCarthy, D) w, Nashville) Mercury, geochemistry (A. P. Pierce, D) Nashville-Davidson County metropolitan area (L. G. Mineral-exploration methods (G. B. Gott, D) Conn, w, Nashville) Mobile spectrographic laboratory (A. P. Marranzino, D) Texas: Ore-deposits controls (A. V. Heyl, Jr., D) Effects of floodwater-retarding structures on Texas Reconnaissance and geochemical exploration (P. K. water resources (C. R. Gilbert, w, Austin) Theobald, D) Floods of September-October 1967 (R. U. Grozier,w, Sulfides, accessory in igneous rocks (G. J. Peuerberg, San Angelo) D) Virginia: Arizona, geochemical halos of mineral deposits (L. C. Statewide (E. M. Miller, w, Richmond) Huff, D) Fairfax County, flood hydrology (F. P. Kapinos, w, Idaho, geochemical exploration in Coeur d'Alene (G. B. Fairfax) Gott, D) Wyoming, flood-hydrograph investigations in selected Maine, anomaly characterization (F. C. Canney) drainage areas under 10 square miles (G. S. New Mexico, geochemical halos of mineral depnsits(L. C. Craig, Jr., w, Cheyenne) Huff, D) Fluorspar: Pennsylvania, geochemical investigations, Lancaster Colorado, Bonanza, and Poncha Springs quadrangles area (J. Freedman, Lancaster) (R. E. Van Alstine, W) GEOCHEMISTRY GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROLOGY A227

Geochemistry, experimental: Geochemistry and petrology, field studies--Continued Chemical weathering and alteration (J. J. Hemley, M) Geochemical differentiation of volcanic rocks (A. T. Chemistry of cosmic and related materials (F. Cuttitta, Anderson, Jr., W) W) Geochemical studies in southeastern States (H. Bell, W) Environment of ore deposition (P. B. Barton, Jr., W) Geochemical survey of the Rocky Mountain region (J. D. Experimental mineralogy (R. O. Fournier, M) Vine, D) Fluid inclusions in minerals (E. W. Roedder, W) Geochemistry of heavy metals in the weathering and Geologic thermometry (D. B. Stewart, W) erosion of granite (Z. S. Altschuler, W) Heavy metals in igneous rocks (D. Gottfried, W) Geochemistry of sediments, San Francisco Bay, Calif. Impact metamorphism (E. C. T. Chao, W) (D. S. McCulloch, M) Kinetics of igneous processes (I. Shaw, W) Humates, geology and geochemistry, Florida, New Late-stage magmatic processes (G. T. Faust, W) Mexico, and Wyoming (V. E. Swanson, D) Mineral equilibria, low-temperature (E-an Zen, W) Inclusions in basaltic rocks (E. D. Jackson, M) Neutron activation (F. E. Senftle, W) Layered intrusives (N. J. Page, M) Organic geochemistry (J. G. Palacas, D) Manganese, geology and geochemistry (D. F. Heweti% M) Organic geochemistry and infrared analysis (P. Zubovic, Mercury, geochemistry and occurrence (A. P. Pierce, D) W) Meteorites, petrology (P. R. Brett, W) Organometallic complexes, geochemistry (P. Zubovic, W) Niobium and tantalum, distribution in igneous rocks (D. Solution-mineral equilibria (C. L. Christ, M) Gottfried, W) Stable isotopes and ore genesis (R. O. Rye, D) Oceanic rocks and evolution of earth's crust (A. E. J. Tektites, petrography (E. C. T. Chao, W) Engel, La Jolla, Calif.) Geochemistry, water: Ore lead, geochemistry and origin (R. S. Cannon, D" Atmospheric precipitation, chemistry (D. W. Fisher, w, Origin of epithermal gold-silver deposits (D. E. White, W) M) Chemical constituents in ground water, spatial distribu­ Pacific coast basalts, geochemistry (K. J. Muratr, M) tion (W. Back, w, W) Pierre Shale, chemical and physical properties, Montana, Chemical weathering and geobotanical correlations in a North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, and portion of the White Mountains, Inyo and Mono Wyoming (H. A. Tourtelot, D) Counties, Calif. (D. E. Marchand, w, M) Rare-earth elements, resources and geochemistry (J. W. Corrosion and encrustation mechanisms in water supplies Adams, D) (F. E. Clarke, w, W) Regional metamorphic studies (H. L. James, W) Corrosion and encrustation studies, U.S. Air Force Residual minor elements in igneous rocks and veins (G. stations (H. L. Heyward, w, Anchorage, Alaska) Phair, W) Elements, distribution in fluvial and brackish environ­ Solution transport of heavy metals (G. K. Czamanske, M) ments (V. C. Kennedy, w, M) Sulfides and precious metals in Missouri mafic rocks Fluvial geochemistry of silver and gold (E. A. Jenne, w, (G. A. Desborough, W) D) Thermal waters, origin and characteristics (D. E. White, Geochemical controls of water quality (I. Barnes, w, M) M) Geochemical studies at nuclear sites (W. A. Beetem, w, Titanium, geochemistry and occurrence (N. Herz, V) D) Ultramafic rocks, petrology of alpine types (R. G. Cole- Heavy-metal sorption and desorption, mechanisms and man, M) rates (E. A. Jenne, w, D) Watershed geochemistry (R. R. Tidball, D) Hydrosolic metals and related constitutents in natural California: water, chemistry (J. D. Hem, w, M) Burney area (G. A. MacDonald, Honolulu, Hawaii) Influence of water-seepage characteristics upon the com­ Coast Range ultramafic rocks (R. A. Loney, M) position of exchangeable pore-water solutes Kings Canyon National Park (J. G. Moore, M) (J. Rubin, w, M) Colorado, Mt. Princeton area, distribution of elements Mineralogic controls of the chemistry of ground water (P. Toulmin III, W) (B. B. Hanshaw, w, W) Florida, Pamlico Sound area, organic geochemistry (H. L. Molybdenum, occurrence and distribution in surface Berryhill, Jr., D) water of Colorado (P. T. Voegeli, Sr., w, D) Hawaii, Hawaiian volcanology (H. A. Powers, Havaii Radiochemical surveillance (V. J. Janzer, w, D) National Park, Hawaii) Water-quality simulation model (T. D. Steele, w, M) Idaho, Wood River district (W. E. Hall, M) Waters of deep origin and their alteration products (D. E. Montana: White, R. Schoen, w, M) Bearpaw Mountains, petrology (B. C. Hearn, Jr., W) See also Quality of water. Boulder batholith, petrochemistry (R. I. Tilling, W) Geochemistry and petrology, field studies: Stillwater complex, petrology and chromite resources Basin-Range granites (D. E. Lee, D) (E. D. Jackson, M) Behavior of heavy metals in an organic environment Wolf Creek area, petrology (R. G. Schmidt, W) (J. D. Vine, D) New Mexico, Valles Mountains (R. L. Smith, W) Cauldron and ash-flow studies (R. L. Smith, W) Utah, Mule Ear (D. E. Stuart-Alexander, M) Crustal abundance in heavy metals (R. V. Mendes, D) Wyoming: Distribution of elements, western craton (A. T. Miesch, Absaroka volcanic rocks, eastern Yellowstone D) National Park (H. W. Smedes, D) East and central San Juan volcanic field, Colorado (P. W. Green River Formation, geology and paleolimnc logy Lipman, D) (W. H. Bradley, W) A228 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Geochemistry and petrology, field studies--Continued Geologic mapping Continued Wyoming- -Continued Map scale smaller than 1 inch to 1 mile Continued Rhyolitic rocks of Yellowstone National Park (R. L. Idaho Continued Christiansen, D) Spokane-Wallace region (A. B. Griggs, M) Thermal waters, Yellowstone National Park (D. E. Montana: White, M) Butte 2-degree quadrangle (M. R. Klepper, W) Yellowstone thermal area, geology (L. J. P. Muffler, M) Spokane-Wallace region (A. B. Griggs, M) Geochronology: Nevada: Carbon-14 method (M. Rubin, W) Churchill County (C. R. Willden, M) Geochronology, Denver (Z. E. Peterman, D) Elko County (R. A. Hope, M) Igneous rocks and deformational periods (R. W. Kistler, Lander County (J. H. Stewart, M) M) Nevada Test Site, special studies (L. M. Card, Lead-uranium method (T. W. Stern, W) E. B. Ekren, D) Post-Pleistocene alluviation and erosion in the lower Nye County, northern part (J. I. Ziony, M) San Juan drainage (D. O'Bryan, M. E. Cooley, Pershing County (D. B. Tatlock, M) T. C. Winter, w, W) Ruby Mountains (C. R. Willden, D) Potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium methods (M. A. White Pine County (R. K. Hose, M) Lanphere, W) New Mexico: Radioactive-disequilibrium studies (J. N. Rosholt, D) Geologic map (C. H. Dane, W) Tree growth as a record of moisture availability in the Black Range (G. E. Ericksen, W) Southwest (D. O'Bryan, N. C. Matalas, North Carolina: L. Horner, w, W) Knoxville 2-degree quadrangle (J. B, Hadley, W) See also Isotope and nuclear studies. Winston-Salem 2-degree quadrangle (D. W. Geologic mapping: Rankin, G. H. Espenshade, W) Geologic map of the United States (P. B. King, M) Oregon, geologic map (G. W. Walker, M) Map scale smaller than 1 inch to 1 mile: South Carolina, Knoxville 2-degree quadrangle (J. B. Colorado Plateau: Hadley, W) Geologic maps (2-degree sheets) (D. G. Wyant, Tennessee: D) Knoxville 2-degree quadrangle (J. B, Hadley, W) Photogeologic mapping (A. B. Olson, W) Winston-Salem 2-degree quadrf ngle(D. W. Sino-Soviet Terrain Atlas (Jack Rachlin, W) Rankin, G. H. Espenshade, W) Alaska: Utah, Grand Junction 2-degree quadrangle (W. B. Geologic map of State (G. Gryc, M) Cashion, D) Central and northern part, Cenozoic (D. M. Hop- Virginia, Winston-Salem 2-degree quadrangle (D. W. kins, M) Rankin, G. H. Espenshade, W) Northern part, petroleum investigations (G. Gryc, Washington, Spokane-Wallace region (A. P, Griggs, M) M) Wyoming, Preston 2-degree quadrangle (S. S. Oriel, Southeast Alaska (D. A. Brew, M) D) Bettles-Ruby area (W. W. Patton, Jr., M) Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger: Big Delta quadrangle (F. R. Weber, M) Alaska: Brooks Range, southern part (W. P. Brosge, M) Geologic reconnaissance of possible powerplant Charley River quadrangle (E. E. Brabb, M) sites at Spur Mountain, Syee, and Eagle Lakes, Delong Mountains quadrangle (I. L. Tailleur, M) SE Alaska (J. E. Callahan, and A. A. Wanek, Hughes-Shungnak area (W. W. Patton, Jr., M) c, Anchorage) Iliamna quadrangle (R. L. Detterman, M) Annette Island (H. C. Berg, M) Lower Yukon-Norton Sound region (J. M. Hoare, Bering River coal field (A. A. Wanek, c, Anchorage) M) Fairbanks district (R. M. Chapman, College) Point Hope quadrangle (I. L. Tailleur, M) Gulf of Alaska, Tertiary province (G. Plafker, M) St. Lawrence Island (W. W. Patton, Jr., M) Koscuisko Island area (A. T. Ovenshine, M) Tanacross-Eagle quadrangle (H. L. Foster, M) Kukpowruk River coal field (A. A. Wanek, c, An­ Antarctica, Victoria Land, northeastern part (W. B. chorage) Hamilton, D) Nenana coal investigations (C. Wahrhaftig, M) Colorado: Nome district (C. L. Sainsbury, D) Oil-shale investigations (D. C. Duncan, W) Southern Wrangell Mountains (E. M, MacKevett, Durango 2-degree quadrangle (T. A. Steven, D) Jr., M) Grand Junction 2-degree quadrangle (W. B. Yakutat (G. Plafker, M) Cashion, D) Antarctica, Pensacola Mountains (D. L. Schmidt, W) Lamar 2-degree quadrangle (J. A. Sharps, D) Arizona: Montrose 1:250,000 quadrangle (W. J. Hail, Jr., Blue Horse Mountain quadrangle (A. F. Shride, D) D) Bradshaw Mountains (C. A. Andersor, M) Pueblo 2-degree quadrangle (G. R. Scott, D) Cochise County, southern part (P. T. Hayes, D) Idaho: Cummings Mesa quadrangle (F. Peterson, c, D) Preston 2-degree quadrangle (S. S. Oriel, D) Empire Mountains (T. L. Finnell, D) Snake River plain, central part, volcanic petrol­ McFadden Peak quadrangle (A. F. Shride, D) ogy (H. E. Malde, D) Mt. Wrightson quadrangle (H. Drewes, D) GEOLOGIC MAPPING, ARIZONA MAINE A229

Geologic mapping Continued Geologic mapping--Continued Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger Continued Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger Continued Arizona--Continued Colorado Continued Navajo Reservation, fuels potential (R. B. O'Sul­ Niwot quadrangle (M. McLachlan, D) livan, D) North Park, eastern part (D. M. Kinney, W) Ray district, porphyry copper (H. R. Cornwall, M) Peoria quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Sahuarita quadrangle (H. D. Drewes, D) Poncha Springs quadrangle (R. E. Van Alstine, W) Twin Buttes area (J. R. Cooper, D) Rangely 7M-minute quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Winkelman quadrangle (M. H. Krieger, M) Rangely NE quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Arkansas, Arkansas Basin, coal investigations (B. R. Rico district (E. T. McKnight, W) Haley, D) Rico-Hermosa Peak quadrangles (W. P. Prat% D) California: Ruedie quadrangle (V. L. Freeman, D) Barcroft Mountain quadrangle (K. K. Krauskopf, San Juan mining area (R. G. Luedke, W) M) Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Big Maria Mountains (W. B. Hamilton, D) Snowmass Mountain quadrangle (B. H. Bryant, D) Blanco Mountain quadrangle (C. A. Nelson, Los Squaw Pass and Evergreen quadrangles (D M. Angeles) Sheridan, D) Bucks Lake quadrangle (A. Hietanen-Makela, M) Straight Creek tunnel (F. T. Lee, D) Coast Range, ultramafic rocks (E. H. Bailey, M) Strasburg NW and SW quadrangles (P. E. Soister, Emigrant Basin (H. T. Morris, M) c, D) Furnace Creek area (J. F. McAllister, M) Watkins quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Hernandez Valley quadrangle (E. E. Richardson, Watkins SE quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) c, Bakersfield) Wet Mountains (Q. D. Singewald, W) Hetch Hetchy Reservoir (R. W. Kistler, M) Woody Creek quadrangle (V. L. Freeman, D) Klamath Mountains, southern part(W. P. Irwin, M) Connecticut: Los Angeles basin, eastern part (J. E. Schoell- Connecticut cooperative mapping program (L. R. hamer, M) Page, Boston, Mass.) Malibu Beach quadrangle (R. F. Yerkes, M) Taconic sequence (E-an Zen, W) Merced Peak quadrangle (D. L. Peck, W) District of Columbia, Washington metropolitan area Palo Alto and San Mateo quadrangles (E. H. (H. W. Coulter, C. F. Withington, W) Pampeyan, M) Florida, Attapulgus-Thomasville area, fuller's earth Point Dume and Triunto quadrangles (R. H. Camp­ deposits (S. H. Patterson, W) bell, M) Georgia, Attapulgus-Thomasville area, fuller's earth Priest Valley SE quadrangle (E. E. Richardson, c, deposits (S. H. Patterson, W) Bakersfield) Idaho: Sacramento Valley, northwest part (R. D. Brown, Bancroft quadrangle (S. S. Oriel, D) Jr., M) Bayhorse area (S. W. Hobbs, D) Salinas Valley (D. L. Durham, M) Elmira quadrangle (J. E. Harrison, D) San Francisco South quadrangle (M. G. Bonilla, M) Hawley Mountain quadrangle (W. J. Mapel, D^ Searles Lake area (G. I. Smith, M) Henrys Lake area (I. J. Witkind, D) Sierra Nevada batholith (P. C. Bateman, M) Montour quadrangle (H. E. Malde, D) White Mountain Peak quadrangle (D. F. Crowder, Mt. Spokane quadrangle (A. E. Weissent orn, M) Spokane, Wash.) Colorado: Patterson quadrangle (E. T. Ruppel, D) Aspen 15-minute quadrangle (B. Bryant, D) Riggins quadrangle (W. B. Hamilton, D) Banty Point quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Wood River district (W. E. Hall, M) Black Canyon of the Gunnison River (W. R. Hansen, Yandell Springs quadrangle (D. E. Trimble, D) D) Yellow Pine quadrangle (B. F. Leonard, D) Bonanza quadrangle (R. E. Van Alstine, W) Indiana: Central City area (R. B. Taylor, D) Ohio River Quaternary (M. C. Weiss, Colurrbus, Chair Mountain quadrangle (L. H. Godwin, c, Los Ohio) Angeles, Calif.) Ohio River valley, Quaternary geology (L. L. Ray, Corral Bluffs quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) W) Denver metropolitan area (R. M. Lindvall, D) Kentucky: Front Range, northeastern part, Fort Collins area Appalachian folded belt, southern part (L. D. Har­ (W. A. Braddock, Boulder) ris, Knoxville, Tenn.) Hanover NW quadrangle (P. E. Soister, c, D) Kentucky cooperative mapping program (P. W. Hot Sulphur Springs quadrangle (G. A. Izett, c, D) Richards, Lexington) Jefferson quadrangle (F. Barker, D) Maine: Kremmling quadrangle (G. A. Izett, c, D) Blue Hill quadrangle (D. B. Stewart, W) Mellen Hill quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Castine quadrangle (D. B. Stewart, W) Montezuma quadrangle (F. Barker, D) Chain Lakes area (E. L. Boudette, W) Montrose 1 SE, 1 SW, and4 NE quadrangles (R. G. Southern Aroostook County (L. Pavlides, W) Dickinson, c, D) Stratton quadrangle, geophysical and geologic Nederland quadrangle (D. J. Gable, D) mapping (A. Griscom, M) A230 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Geologic mapping Continued Geologic mapping Continued Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger Continued Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger Continued Maine Continued New Mexico: The Forks quadrangle (F. C. Canney, D) Gallup West area (J. E. Fassett, c, Frrmington) Maryland: Madrid quadrangle (G. O. Bachman, D) Cecil County (L. C. Conant, W) Manuelito quadrangle (J. E. Fassett, c, Farming- Delmarva Peninsula (J. P. Owens, W) ton) New Windsor quadrangle (G. W. Fisher, W) Manzano Mountains (D. A. Myers, D) Washington, D. C., metropolitan area (H. W. Raton coal basin, western part (C. L. Pillmore, D) Coulter, C. F. Withington, W) Samson Lake quadrangle (J. E. Fassett, c, Farm- Massachusetts: ington) Massachusetts cooperative mapping program San Juan Basin, east side (C. H. Dane, W) (L. R. Page, Boston) Starvation Peak area (R. B. Johnson, & Taconic sequence (E-an Zen, W) Twin Butte quadrangle (J. E. Fassett, c, Farm- Michigan: ington) Gogebic Range, eastern (V. A. Trent, W) Valles Mountains, petrology (R. L. Smith, W) Isle Royale National Park (N. K. Huber, M) New York: Matchwood and Bergland quadrangles (R. F. John­ Taconic sequence (E-an Zen, W) son, M) Dannemora quadrangle, surficial geology (C. S. Western Negaunee quadrangle (L. D. Clark, M) Denny, W) Mississippi, Homochitto National Forest (E. L. John­ Plattsburgh quadrangle, surficial geology (C. S. son, c, Tulsa, Okla.) Denny, W) Montana: Pope Mills and Natural Dam quadrangles (C. E. Barker quadrangle (I. J. Witkind, D) Brown, W) Bearpaw Mountains, petrology (B. C. Hearn, Jr.) North Carolina: Black Butte quadrangle (L. W. McGrew, Laramie, Central Piedmont (H. Sundelius, W) Wyo.) Northern Slate Belt, North C a r o 1 i n a-V i r g i n i a Black John Coulee quadrangle (H. J. Hyden, c, D) (Lynn Glover, O. T. Tobisch, W) Boulder batholith area (M. R. Klepper, W) North Dakota: Butte North quadrangle (H. W. Smedes, D) Clark Butte 15-minute quadrangle (G. D. Mowat, Crazy Mountains Basin (B. A. Skipp, D) c, Billings, Mont.) Gardiner SW quadrangle (G. D. Fraser, c, D) Dengate quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Hardy quadrangle (K. S. Soward, c, Great Falls) Glen Ullin quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Henrys Lake area (I. J. Witkind, D) Heart Butte and Heart Butte NW quadrangles, (E. V. Holter Lake quadrangle (G. D. Robinson, D) Stephens, c, D) Jordan 2 NE quadrangle (G. D. Mowat, c, Billings) North Almont quadrangle (H. L. Smith, c, D) Jordan 2 SE quadrangle (H. J. Hyden, c, D) White Butte NE, NW, W, and E quadrangles (K. S. Livingston Trail Creek area (A. E. Roberts, D) Soward, c, Great Falls, Mont.) Neihart 1 quadrangle (W. R. Keefer, D) Oregon: Ringling quadrangle (L. W. McGrew, Laramie, Bandon SE quadrangle (R. G. Wayland, c, W) Wyo.) Coquille SW quadrangle (R. G. Wayland, c, W) Rocky Reef quadrangle (K. S. Soward, c, Great Pennsylvania: Falls) Anthracite region, flood control (M. J. Bergin, W) Sun River Canyon area (M. R. Mudge, D) Claysville-Avella area (S. P. Schweinfurth, W) Wise River quadrangle (G. D. Fraser, c, D) Delaware River basin, lower part(J. P. Owens, W) Wolf Creek area, petrology (R. G. Schmidt, W) Hyndman area (W. de Witt, Jr., W) Nevada: Mather-Garards Fort area (B. H. Kent, D) Structure of Mesozoic rocks in northwest Nevada Nazareth quadrangle (J. M. Aaron, W) (R. C. Speed, Chicago, 111.) Shenango quadrangle, Mercer County (G. R. Ashdown 4 quadrangle, Humboldt County (J. Smith, Schiner, w, Harrisburg) M) Southern anthracite field (G. H. Wood, Jr., W) Bellevue Peak quadrangle (T. B. Nolan, W) Stoneboro quadrangle, Mercer County (G. R. Coaldale area (L. H. Godwin, c, Los Angeles, Schiner, w, Harrisburg) Calif.) Waynesburg-Oak Forest area (J. B. Roen, W) Eureka quadrangle (T. B. Nolan, W) Western Middle anthracite field (H. Arndt, W) Kobeh V a 11 ey (T. B. N o 1 an, W; C. W. Merriam, Wind Gap and adjacent quadrangles (J. B. Epstein, M) W) Lamoille quadrangle (K. A. Howard, M) South Dakota: Montello area (L. H. Godwin, c, Los Angeles) Keystone pegmatite area (J. J. Norton, W) Nevada Test Site: Rapid City area (J. M. Cattermole, D) Geologic studies (E. B. Ekren, D) Tennessee: Site studies (P. P. Orkild, D) Appalachian folded belt, southern part (L. D. Har­ Pinto Summit quadrangle (T. B. Nolan, W) ris, W) Spruce Mountain 4 quadrangle (G. D. Fraser, c, D) Midway belt, western part of State (W. S. Parks, New Jersey, Delaware River basin, lower part (J. P. w, Nashville) Owens, W) GEOLOGIC MAPPING GEOMORPHOLOGY A231

Geologic mapping Continued Geologic mapping Continued Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger Continued Map scale 1 inch to 1 mile, and larger Continued Texas, coastal plain, geophysical and geological Washington Continued studies (D. H. Eargle, Austin) Togo Mountain quadrangle (R. C. Pearson, D) Utah: Twin Lakes quadrangle (G. E. Becraft, W) Bingham Canyon district (E. W. Tooker, M) Wyoming: Canaan Creek quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Badwater Creek (R. E. Thaden, D) Carcass Canyon quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Beartooth Butte quadrangle (W. G. Pierce, M) Causey Dam quadrangle (T. E. Mullens, c, D) Browns Hill quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Coal-mine bumps (F. W. Osterwald, D) Clark Fork quadrangle (W. G. Pierce, M) Crawford Mountains (W. C. Gere, c, Los Angeles, Clause Peak quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Calif.) Deep Lake quadrangle (W. G. Pierce, M) Cummings Mesa quadrangle (F. Peterson, c, D) Devils Tooth quadrangle (W. G. Pierce, M) Dave Canyon quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Ferris quadrangle (R. L. Rioux, c, W) Death Ridge quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Ferry Peak quadrangle (D. A. Jobin, c, D) Gilbert Peak 1 NE quadrangle (E. M. Schell, c, Fish Lake quadrangle (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) Billings, Mont.) Grand Teton National Park (J. D. Love, Larrmie) Griffin Point quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Hulett Creek (C. H. Maxwell, D) Henrieville quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Jackson quadrangle (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Lake City, Horse Flat quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Utah) Huntsville and Willard Peak areas (M. D. Critten- Jessen Butte area (E. M. Schell, c, Billings, Mont.) den, Jr., M) LaBarge 1 SW and 2 SE quadrangles (R. L. Rioux, lessen Butte quadrangle (E. M. Schell, c, Billings, c, W) Mont.) Lander area phosphate reserve (W. L. Rohrer, c, Morgan quadrangle (T. E. Mullens, c, D) D) Navajo Reservation (R. B. O'Sullivan, D) Munger Mountain (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Lake City, Oak City area (D. J. Varnes, D) Utah) Ogden 4 NE quadrangle (T. E. Mullens, c, D) Observation Peak quadrangle (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Ogden 4 NW quadrangle (R. J. Hite, c, D) Lake City, Utah) Phil Pico Mountain quadrangle (J. R. Dyni, c, D) Oil Mountain quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Pine Lake quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Casper) Promontory Point (R. B. Morrison, D) Pilot Knob quadrangle (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) Raft River area (R. R. Compton, M) Poison Spider quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Salt Lake City and vicinity (R. Van Horn, D) Casper) Seep Flat quadrangle (H. D. Zeller, c, D) Reid Canyon quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Sheeprock Mountains, West Tintic district (H. T. Casper) Morris, M) Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Upper Valley quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Sheridan Pass quadrangle (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) Vernal phosphate area (E. M. Schell, c, Billings, Spence-Kane area (R. L. Rioux, c, W) Mont.) Square Top Butte quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Wide Hollow Reservoirquadrangle(E. V. Stephens, Casper) c, D) Sweetwater County, Green River Formation (W. C. Virginia: Culbertson, D) Appalachian folded belt, southern part (L. D. Taylor Mountain quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, Harris, W) D) Big Stone Gap district (R. L. Miller, W) Teton Pass quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Delmarva Peninsula (J. P. Owens, W) Turquoise Lake (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Fairfax quadrangle (P. M. Hanshaw, W) Wapiti quadrangle (W. G. Pierce, M) Northern Slate Belt, North Carolina-Virginia White Rock Canyon quadrangle (H. J. Hyden, c, D) (Lynn Glover, O. T. Tobisch, W) Wind River Basin, regional stratigraphy (W. R. Quantico 15-minute quadrangle (R. B. Mixon, W) Keefer, D) Washington, D.C., metropolitan area (H. W. Yellowstone National Park, pre-Tertiary rocks: Coulter, C. F. Withington, W) Northern part (E. T. Ruppel, D) Washington: South-central part (W. R. Keefer, D) Proposed Paterson Ridge reservoir site, Benton Geomorphology: and Klickitat Counties (R. C. New comb, w, Geomorphology and hydrology, basic research (C. W. Portland, Oreg.) Carlston, w, W) Chewelah No. 4 quadrangle (F. K. Miller, M) Mathematical geomorphology (A. E. Scheidegger, w, Inchelium quadrangle (A. B. Campbell, D) Urbana, 111.) Loomis quadrangle (C. D. Rinehart, M) Mudflow studies (D. R. Crandell, D) Mt. Spokane quadrangle (A. E. Weis sen born, Ohio River Quaternary (M. C. Weiss, Columbus, Ohio) Spokane) Ohio River valley, geologic development (L. L. Ray, W) Olympic Peninsula, eastern part (W. M. Cady, D) Relation of drainage networks and basin development to Puget Sound Basin (D. R. Mullineaux, D) rock type and climate (R. F. Hadley, w, D) Stevens County (R. G. Yates, M)

318-835 O - 68 - 16 A232 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Geomorphology Continued Geophysics, regional Continued Sediment effects on fluvial morphology (S. A. Schumm, Upper mantle gravity studies, west of the Mississippi w, D) (D. R. Mabey, D) California: Antarctica, Pensacola Mountains, geophysical studies Alluvial fans and pediments (L. K. Lustig, w, Tucson, (J. C. Behrendt, W) Ariz.) New England: Channel morphology of San Francisquito Creek (J. R. Geophysical studies (M. F. Kane, W) Crippen, w, M) Magnetic properties of rocks (A. Griscom, M) Effect of diversion works on the Trinity River (K. M. Pacific Northwest, geophysical studies (M. D. Kleinkopf, Scott, w, Sacramento) D) Northwestern California streambed changes (J. J. Pacific States, geophysical studies (A. Griscom, M) Hickey, w, M) United States, aeromagnetic surveys (J. L. Meuschke, D) Sierra Nevada, geomorphic studies (R. J. Janda, w, Yellowstone National Park, geophysical study (H. R. M) Blank, M) Indiana, channel-meander studies (J. F. Daniel, w, In­ Alaska, regional gravity surveys (D. F. Barn?s, M) dianapolis) Arizona, Safford Valley, geophysical studies (G. P. Eaton, Maryland, Potomac River, geomorphic aspects of the D) Sisters and Watts Branches (L. B. Leopold, w, California: W) Los Angeles basin, gravity study (J. E. Schoelhamer, Massachusetts, sea-cliff erosion studies (C. A. Kaye, M) Boston) San Andreas fault, ground studies (W. F. Hanna, M) New Mexico, Santa Fe, particle movement and channel Sierra Nevada, geophysical studies (H. W. Oliver, M) scour and fill of an ephemeral arroyo (L. B. Colorado, Middle Park-North Park basins, geophysical Leopold, w, W) studies (J. C. Behrendt, D) New York, northeast Adirondacks (C. S. Denny, W) District of Columbia, eastern Piedmont, geophysical Wyoming: studies (S. K. Neuschel, W) Wind River Mountains, Quaternary geology (G. M. Maine: Richmond, D) Island Falls quadrangle, electromagnet'': mapping Yellowstone National Park, glacial and postglacial (F. C. Frischknecht, W) geology (G. M. Richmond, D) Stratton quadrangle, geophysical and geologic mapping See also Sedimentation; Geochronology. (A. Griscom, M) Geophysics, regional: Maryland, Piedmont (J. W. Allingham, W) Aeroradioactivity surveys, California, San Andreas fault Massachusetts: (W. H. Jackson, M) Application of geology and seismology to public-works Borehole geophysics (C. J. Zablocki, D) planning (C. R. Tuttle, Boston) Crust and upper mantle: Geophysical studies (M. F. Kane, W) Aeromagnetic investigation for crustal studies (I. Minnesota: Zietz, W) Keweenawan rocks, magnetic studies (K. G. Books, W) Analysis of traveltime data (J. C. Roller, D) Southern part, aeromagnetic survey (E. R. King, W) Crustal strain studies (R. O. Burford, M) North Carolina, Piedmont (J. W. Allingham, W) Geophysical Observatory (H. L. Krivoy, Flagstaff, Pennsylvania, magnetic properties of rocks (A. Griscom, Ariz.) M) Geophysical studies (I. Zietz, W) Texas: Geophysical studies, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (G. D. Coastal plain, geophysical and geological studies Bath, D) (D. H. Eargle, Austin) Gravity surveying (D. Plouff, M) Statewide, electrical, gamma-ray, and temperature Seismic field operations (W. H. Jackson, M) well logging (C. R. Follett, w, Austin) Seismologic studies (J. P. Eaton, M) Virginia, eastern Piedmont, geophysical studies (S. K. Fault-zone geophysical studies (W. H. Jackson, M) Neuschel, W) Instrument development and maintenance (J. O. Ellis, M) Geophysics, theoretical and experimental: Remote sensing: Borehole geophysics as applied to geohydrology (W. S. Environmental effects (K. Watson, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Keys, w, D) Infrared spectrometry and imagery (R. M. Moxham, Crustal studies (ARPA) (I. Zietz, W) W) Earth structure studies (J. H. Healy, M) Radar interpretation (A. N. Kover, W) Earthquakes, local seismic studies (J. P. Ea*on, M) Remote sensor automatic data processing (K. Elastic and inelastic properties of earth materials (L. Watson, Flagstaff, Ariz.) Peselnick, W) Rock magnetics, northern Rocky Mountains (W. F. Geophysical data, interpretation using electronic com­ Hanna, M) puters (R. G. Henderson, W) Spectral analysis of gravity and topography (W. B. Geophysical program and systems developnent (G. E. Joyner, W) Andreasen, W) Ultraviolet absorption and luminescence (W. R. Geothermal studies (A. H. Lachenbruch, M) Hemphill, W) Ground motion studies (R. D. Borcherdt, J. H. Healy, M) Ultramafic rocks, geophysical studies: Ground-water geophysics (A. A. R. Zohdy, D" Alpine-type rocks (S. H. Burch, M) Heat flow in the Appalachian Mountains (W. H. Diment, Intrusions (G. A. Thompson, M) Rochester, N. Y.) GEOPHYSICS HEAVY METALS ^233

Geophysics, theoretical and experimental--Continued Heavy metals Continued Induced polarization (L. A. Anderson, D. B. Hoover, D) Mineralogy (F. A. Hildebrand, D) Infrared and ultraviolet radiation studies (R. M. Moxham, Origin of epithermal gold-silver deposits (D. E. White, M) W) Placer deposits, Western United States (M. G. Johnson, M) Magnetic and luminescent properties (F. E. Senftle, W) Reconnaissance and geochemical exploration (P. K. Magnetic model studies (G. E. Andreason, W) Theobald, D) Magnetic properties laboratory (M. E. Beck, Jr., River­ Regional variation in heavy-metals content of Colorado side, Calif.) Plateau stratified rocks (R. A. Cadigan, D) Model studies (B. F. Grossling, W) Solution transport (G. K. Czamanske, M) Project Sterling (J. H. Healy, M) Stratigraphy and composition of the Roberts Mountains Remanent magnetization of rocks (R. R. Doell, M) Formation, Nevada (T. E. Mullens, D) Resistivity interpretation (A. A. R. Zohdy, D) Synthesis and reconnaissance (W. B. Myers, D) Rock behavior at high temperature and pressure (E. C. Appalachian region: Robertson, W) Northeastern, heavy minerals (A. V. Heyl, Jr., D) Stress studies (C. B. Raleigh, M) South-central (A. R. Kinkel, Jr., W) Thermodynamic properties of rocks (R. A. Robie, W) Southeastern, sediments (J. P. Minard, W) Ultramafic intrusions, geophysical studies (G. A. Thomp­ Southern (F. G. Lesure, W) son, M) Great Lakes region (D. A. Seeland, D) Ultraviolet absorption and luminescence (W. R. Hemphill, Rocky Mountain region, fossil beach placers (J. F. W) Murphy, D) Glacial geology, Antarctica, Pensacola Mountains (D. L. Southeastern States, geochemical studies (H. Bell, W) Schmidt, W) Alaska: Glaciology: Central part (C. C. Hawley, M) Glaciological research, International Hydrological Dec­ Eastern Brooks Range (W. P. Brosge, M) ade (M. F. Meier, w, Tacoma, Wash.) Gulf of Alaska, nearshore placers (E. H. Lathram,M) Nisqually Glacier, analysis and publication of photographs Hogatza Trend, Alaska (T. P. Miller, M) of the glacier (M. F. Meier, w, Tacoma, Wash.) Kenai-Chugach-eastern Alaska Range (D. H. Richter, Water, ice, and energy balance of mountain glaciers, and Anchorage) ice physics (M. F. Meier, w, Tacoma, Wash.) Rampart, Alaska (R. L. Foster, M) Alaska, Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers (L. R. Mayo, w, Seward Peninsula, nearshore (D. M. Hopkins, M) Fairbanks) Southeastern part (D. A. Brew, M) Montana, Glacier National Park, Grinnell and Spe r r y Southern Alaska Range (B. L. Reed, M) Glaciers (A. Johnson, c, Grand Forks, N. Dak.) Southwestern part (J. M. Hoare, M) Gold. See Heavy metals. Wrangell Mountains, Alaska (E. M. MacKevett, Jr.,M) Ground water-surface water relations: Yukon-Tanana Upland (H. L. Foster, M) Flow losses in ephemeral stream channels (R. F. Hadley, Arizona, Gold Basin-Lost Basin district (P. M. Blacet, w, D) M) Florida, Lake Okeechobee, levee underseepage (F. W. California: Meyer, w, Miami) Klamath Mountains, gold (P. E. Hotz, M) Kansas (L. W. Furness, w, Lawrence) Mattole River, sediment transport(V. A. Kennedy, Nevada, regional surface-water and ground-water flow M) (F. E. Rush, w, Carson City) Mother Lode (W. A. Duffield, M) New Jersey, hydrologic analysis of the Pine Barrens Sierra Nevada, Tertiary gravels (D. W. Petemm, (E. C. Rhodehamel, w, Trenton) M) Tennessee, Upper Buffalo River (W. J. Perry, w, Nash­ Colorado: ville) Northwestern part, exploration (K. Segerstrom, D) Texas: San Juan Mountains: Lake Corpus Christi, water budget (C. R. Gilbert, w, Central reconnaissance (L. J. Schmitt, D) Austin) Eastern, reconnaissance (W. N. Sharp, D) Lower Nueces River valley (S. Garza, w, Austin) Northwestern (R. P. Fischer, D) Relation of impounded floodwater from Hurricane Idaho, conglomerates (T. E. Mullens, D) Beulah to ground water in Kleberg, Kenedy, Maine: and Willacy Counties (B. N. Myers, w, Austin) Southwestern part (D. P. Cox, W) Wisconsin: West Pembroke (R. H. Moench, D) Central Sand Plains, hydrology (E. P. Weeks, H. G. Missouri, sulfides and precious metals in mafic ro~ks Stangland, w, Madison) (G. A. Desborough, W) Wetlands, hydrology (L. J. Hamilton, w, Madison) Montana, ore deposits, southwestern part (K. L. Wier, D) Heavy metals: Nevada: Abundance in sedimentary rocks (H. A. Tourtelot, D) Aurora and Bodie districts, Nevada-California (F. J. Behavior in an organic environment (J. D. Vine, D) Kleinhampl, M) Crustal abundance of heavy metals (R. V. Mendes, D) Basin and Range, heavy-metals studies (D. R. Sha^ve, Fluvial transport of heavy metals (C. F. Nordin, Jr., w, D) Fort Collins, Colo.) Carlin mine (A. S. Radtke, M) Heavy metals in igneous rocks (D. Gottfried, W) Comstock district (D. H. Whitebread, M) A234 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Heavy metals Continued Hydraulics, ground-water--Continued Nevada Continued California Continued Cortez window and vicinity (J. D. Wells, D) Specific yield Continued Elko County, central part (K. B. Ketner, D) Specific yield and related properties of California Goldfield district (R. P. Ashley, M) sedimentary materials (A. I. Johnson, w, D) Midas-Jarbidge (R. R. Coats, M) Kansas, gravity flow of water in soils and aquifers, west­ North-central part (R. J. Roberts, M) ern partx>f State (R. C. Prill, w, Lawrence) Shoshone Range (C. T. Wrucke, D) New Mexico: New Hampshire, eastern part (D. P. Cox, W) Effects of detonations (F. C. Koopman, v, Albuquer­ North Carolina, southwestern part, reconnaissance (J. W. que) Whitlow, W) Fluid dynamics of the Bandelier Tuff (J. L. Kunkler, Oregon-California, hydrologic investigations, black w, Albuquerque) sands (R. J. Janda, M) Water conditions in Carlsbad Caverns (W. E. Hale, Oregon-Washington, nearshore area (P. D. Snavely, Jr., w, Albuquerque) M) Texas, compilation of results of pumping texts (B. N. South Dakota, northern Black Hills (R. W. Bayley, M) Myers, w, Austin) Utah, conglomerates (T. E. Mullens, D) Hydraulics, surface flow: Wyoming, northwestern part, conglomerates (J. C. Channel characteristics: Antweiler, D) Manning coefficient, determination from measured Hydraulics, ground water: bed roughness in natural channels (J. T. Applicability of the unsaturated flow theory to the Limerinas, w, M) phenomena of drainage and infiltration (J. California: Rubin, w, M) Determination of channel capacity, Merced River Areal ground-water control (E. A. Sammel, w, D) (J. C. Blodgett, w, Sacramento) Dielectric behavior of water-bearing sediments (W. O. Determination of channel capacity, Stony Creek Smith, C. E. Mongan, w, W) near Orland (K. W. Lee, w, Sacramento) Ground-water mechanics, treatise (J. G. Ferris, w, Mean annual runoff as related to channel geometry Tucson, Ariz.) (E. R. Hedman, w, Garden Grove) Mechanics of aquifers principles of compaction and Recording channel changes by time-lapse photog­ deformation (J. F. Poland, w, Sacramento, raphy (C. R. Goodwin, w, M) Calif.) Channel constrictions: Mechanics of ground-water flow (H. H. Cooper, Jr., w, Bridge-site studies, Alaska (J. M. Childers, w, W) Anchorage) Mechanics of transport processes in fluid flow (A. Ogata, Bridge-site verifications, Louisiana (B. L. Neely, w, w, Honolulu, Hawaii) Baton Rouge) Permeability distribution study Atlantic Coastal Plain Hydraulic criteria for design of bridges and culverts (P. M. Brown, w, Raleigh, N.C.) (C. O. Ming, w, Tuscaloosa, Ala.) Permeability of fractured rocks (F. W. Trainer, w, W) Overall efficiency of bridges (C. B. Nuckolls, w, Jack­ Regional hydrologic system analysis hydrodynamics son, Miss.) (R. R. Bennett, w, W) Scour research at bridge piers, Alaska (L. S. Leveen, Regional hydrologic system analysis permeability dis­ w, Anchorage) tribution (J. D. Bredehoeft, w, W) Verification of hydraulic techniques (W. J. Randolph, Response of well-aquifer systems to explosions (S. W. w, Nashville, Tenn.) West, w, D) Flow characteristics: Theory of multiphase flow applications (E. A. Sammel, Alluvial channel flow (C. F. Nordin, Jr., w, Fort Col- w, D) lins, Colo.) Transient flow in sediments (W. O. Smith, C. E. Mongan, Dispersion by turbulent flow in open channels (N. w, W) Yotsukura, w, W) Unsaturated flow of water in sediments (W. O. Smith, w, Dispersion processes in estuaries and rivers (H. B. W) Fischer, w, University of California, Berkeley) Velocities of ground water and radionuclides at the Effect of temperature on winter runoff (W. D. Simons, Amargosa tracer site, Nevada (D. B. Grove, w, w, M) D) Mechanics of flow structure and fluid resistance- California: movable boundary (R. S. McQuivey, w, Fort Aquifer-test reevaluation(E. J. McClelland, w, Sacra­ Collins, Colo.) mento) Mechanics of fluid resistance (H.' J. Tracy, w, At­ Permeability studies: lanta, Ga.) Application of laboratory data (A. I. Johnson, w, D) Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic phenomena by Selected laboratory techniques (A. I. Johnson, w, digital computer (Chintu Lai, w, F) D) Unsteady flow and saline intrusions in rivers and Specific yield: estuaries (R. A. Baltzer, w, W) Field moisture-con tent measurements by Vertical-velocity characteristics, Columbia River sampling and nuclear-meter techniques (A. I. gaging stations, Washington and Oregon(J. Johnson, w, D) Savini, w, Tacoma, Wash., G. L. Bodhaine, w, Moisture-tension techniques (A. I. Johnson, w, D) Portland, Oreg.) HYDRAULICS HYDROLOGY A235

Hydraulics, surface flow--Continued Hydrologic instrumentation--Continued Laboratory studies: Laboratory research, instruments water (G. F. Srroot, Grain-size distribution and bedload transport (G. w, W) Williams, w, W) Moving-boat discharge measurements (G. F. Smoot, v, W) Local mass transfer in open-channel turbulent shear System for measuring discharge in large rivers, us'nga flow (H. E. Jobson, w, Fort Collins, Colo.) boat (N. A. Kallio, w, Portland, Oreg.) Open-channel flow (H. J. Tracy, w, Atlanta, Ga.) California: Systems analysis of hydrologic processes (G. F. Acoustic-velocity meter feasibility, Chipps Island Smoot, C. E. Novak, w, W) (Winchell Smith, w, M) Time-of-travel studies: Automatic sediment sampler (B. L. Jones, w, Sacra­ Solutes (J. F. Wilson, Jr., w, W) mento) Indiana (R. E. Hoggatt, w, Indianapolis) Response of bubble-gage manometers to surges in Maryland (K. R. Taylor, w, Cumberland) water levels (J. Beck, w, M) Nebraska and Missouri, rate of travel of dye in Specific yield, evaluation of installation methods for the Missouri River (J. E. Bowie, w, Rolla, Mo., nuclear meter access tubes (A. I. Johnson, w, and L. R. Petri, w, Lincoln, Nebr.) D) New Jersey (T. J. Buchanan, w, Trenton) See also Hydrologic-data collection and processing. New York (H. L. Shindel, w, Albany) Hydrology, ground-water: Oregon, John Day River basin (D. D. Harris, w, Geohydrologic environmental study (J. N. Payne, w, Baton Portland) Rouge, La.) Pennsylvania, Susquehanna River (C. D. Kauffman, Geologic structure and fresh ground water in the Gulf Jr., w, Harrisburg) Coastal Plain (P. H. Jones, w, Baton Rcuge, See also Hydrologic instrumentation. La.) Hydrologic-data collection and processing: Hydrogeology of carbonate rocks (V. T. Stringfield, w, W) Automation systems and equipment for water (W. L. Hydrology of the crystalline-rock system in Southeastern Isherwood, T. R. Dyar, w, W) States (H. E. LeGrand, w, Raleigh, N.C.) Channel processes (W. W. Emmett, w, W) Nevada, Smith Creek playa, flow system and cherrical Data storage, retrieval, and application by digital-com­ quality (F. E. Rush, J. R. Harrill, w, Carson puter techniques (C. O. Morgan, w, Lawrence, City) Kans.) New Jersey: Drainage-area determinations: Bedrock topography of eastern Morris and western Indiana (R. E. Hoggatt, w, Indianapolis) Essex Counties, showing possible areas of Kentucky (H. C. Beaber, w, Louisville) valley-fill aquifer deposition (W. D. Nichols, w, Mississippi (J. D. Shell, w, Jackson) Trenton) New Jersey, gazetteer of streams (E. G. Miller, w, Hydrogeology of consolidated rock aquifers ir the Trenton) vicinity of Honey Branch near Pennirgton Tennessee (G. H. Wood, w, Nashville) (L. D. Carswell, w, Trenton) Texas (P. H. Holland, w, Austin) North Dakota, hydrology of prairie potholes (W. S. Eisen- Rapid transmission and dissemination of current data lohr, Jr., w, D) (J. E. McCall, w, Trenton, N.J.) Oregon, basalt aquifers, Hermiston-Ordnancearea(J. H. Sediment loads in streams methods used in measure­ Robison, w, Portland) ment and analysis (J. V. Skinner, w, Min­ Tennessee, limestone aquifers, upper Stones River b*sin neapolis, Minn.) (G. K. Moore, w, Nashville) Statistical inferences (N. C. Matalas, E. J. Gilroy, w, W) Hydrology, surface-water: Water budget of North America (R. L. Nace, w, W) Major hydrologic limitations on interregional transfers World water budget (R. L. Nace, w, W) of water (A. M. Piper, w, M) Maryland, automation of ground-water records (W. E. Lakes and reservoirs: Webb, w, Towson) Alabama, study of conservation lakes (C. F. Hain^, w, Nevada, inventory of water use (J. R. Harrill and C. F. Tuscaloosa) Worts, Jr., w, Carson City) Arkansas, streamflow, rainfall, and trap efficiency New York, Long Island, storage and retrieval of hydro- studies (S. R. Kennedy, Ft. Smith, Ark.) logic data (D. E. Vaupel, w, Mineola) Florida: Ohio, hydrologic data network design, northwest part, Statewide, lake studies (G. H. Hughes, w, Talla- water quality (P. A. Kammerer, Jr., w, hassee) Columbus) Orange County, lake studies (W. F. Lichtler, w, See also Hydrologic instrumentation. Orlando) Hydrologic instrumentation: Indiana, lake mapping and stabilization (R. L. Stevart, Development of techniques for measurement of moisture- w, Indianapolis) energy relationships in soils and vegetation Missouri, small lakes (E. E. Gann, w, Rolla) (I. S. McQueen, w, D) Montana, Hungry Horse Reservoir (M. I. Rorabfugh, Electronic-equipment development water (J. E. Eddy, w, w, St. Louis; W. D. Simons, w, M) W) Nevada, bathymetric survey of Pyramid Lake (E. E. Energy-budget evaporation studies, instruments (C. R. Harris, w, Carson City) Daum, w, D) North Dakota, hydrology of prairie potholes (V. S. Instrumentation research water (H. O. Wires, w, Colum­ Eisenlohr, Jr., w, D) bus, Ohio) A236 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Hydrology, surface-water Continued Iron: Lakes and reservoirs Continued Michigan: Oregon: Gogebic County, western part (R. G. Schrridt, W) Crater, East, and Davis Lakes (K. N. Phillips, w, Gogebic Range, eastern (V. A. Trent, W) Portland) and geochemistry of the lakes (A. S. Matchwood and Bergland quadrangles (R. F. Johnson, Van Denburgh, w, Tacoma, Wash.) M) Klamath Lake water budget (L. L. Hubbard, w, Negaunee and Palmer quadrangles (J. E. Gair, D) Portland) Western Negaunee quadrangle (L. D. Clark, M) Lake Abert and other closed-basin lakes in Oregon, Missouri (P. W. Guild, W) hydrology and geochemistry (A. S. Van Isotope and nuclear studies: Denburgh, w, Carson City, Nev.) Isotope ratios in rocks and minerals (I. Friedman, D) Utah, Great Salt Lake, chemical hydrology (D. C. Isotopic hydrology (G. L. Stewart, w, W) Hahl, w, Salt Lake City) Lead isotopes and ore deposits (J. S. Stacey, D) See also Evaporation; Limnology. Nuclear irradiation (C. M. Bunker, D) Streams: Nuclear reactor facility (G. P. Kraker, w, D) Delaware River basin natural flow (E. G. Miller, w, Stable isotopes and ore genesis (R. O. Rye, D) Trenton, N.J.) Tritium concentrations in precipitation, surface water, Reconnaissance of bank storage potential (W. D. and ground water, coastal plain of New Jersey Simons, w, M) (E. C. Rhodehamel, w, Trenton) Alabama, Wragg Swamp Canal investigation, second New York, carbon isotope geochemistry of water in phase (J. F. McCain, w, Tuscaloosa) Magothy Formation, Long Island (F. J. Pear- Alaska, Statewide stream discharge and (or) stage son, Jr., w, Albany) (H. Hulsing, w, Anchorage) See also Geochronology; Radioactive materials, trans­ California: port in water; Radioactive-waste d'sposal. Historical record of streambed changes in south­ Land subsidence: ern California(E. R. Hedman, w, Garden Grove) California, San Joaquin Valley (J. F. Poland, w, Sacra­ Santa Ana River, changes in regimen (M. B. Scott, mento) w, Los Angeles) Lead and zinc: Massachusetts, Merrimack River estuary and Millers Lead isotopes and ore deposits (J. S. Stacey, D) River, infrared imagery study (J. E. Cotton, w, Ore lead, geochemistry and origin (R. S. Cannon, D) Boston) Colorado, Rico district (E. T. McKnight, W) Missouri, storage requirements for Missouri streams Tennessee, origin and depositional control of selected (J. Skelton, w, Rolla) deposits (H. Wedow, Jr., Knoxville) Nevada: Utah: Runoff, ungaged areas (D. O. Moore, w, Carson Park City district (C. S. Bromfield, D) City) West Tintic district, Sheeprock Mountains (H. T. Mor­ Runoff to Truckee Meadows (R. D. Lamke, w, ris, M) Carson City) Virginia, origin and depositional control of selected zinc New Hampshire, small streams (C. E. Hale, w, deposits (H. Wedow, Jr., Knoxville, Tenn.) Boston, Mass.) Wisconsin, lead-zinc (W. S. West, Plattville) Oregon: Limnology: Alsea River basin, effects of logging on stream- Interrelations of aquatic ecology and water quality (K. V. flow, sedimentation, and temperature (R. C. Slack, w, M) Williams, w, Cheyenne, Wyo.; D. D.Harris,w, Mineral matter-water interaction in saline environments Portland) (B. F. Jones, w, W) Tualatin River basin (C. H. Swift III, w, Portland) Thermal and biological characteristics of lakes (R. G. Willamette basin (C. H. Swift III, w, Portland) Lipscomb, w, Fort Wayne, Ind.) Pennsylvania, Philadelphia area (E. L. Smith, w, Use of remote sensing in physical limnology (A. M. Philadelphia) Sturrock, Jr., w, Salton City, Calif.) Tennessee: Indiana: Upper Buffalo River (W. J. Perry, w, Nashville) Pretty Lake, nutrients and gases in aerobic and Water resources of Center Hill Lake region (J. W. anaerobic zones during thermal stratification Wilson, w, Nashville) (C. H. Wayman, w, D) Utah, determination of a basis for estimating mean Pretty Lake, paleoecology (A. S. Jones, w, Univ. of annual runoff from ungaged areas (E. Butler, Indiana, Bloomington) w, Salt Lake City) New York: Wisconsin, hydrologic effects of small reservoir, Limnology and geochemistry of Oneida Lake and basin Nederlo Creek basin (J. H. Green, w, Madison) (F. J. Pearson, Jr., w, Albany) See also Evapotranspiration; Flood investigations, areal; Statewide, physical, chemical, and biologic character­ Marine hydrology; Mining hydrology; Model istics of lakes (P. E. Greeson, w, Albany) studies, hydrologic; Plant ecology; Urbaniza­ See also Contamination, water; Quality of water. tion, hydrologic effects. Low flow and flow duration: Industrial minerals: Florida, frequency studies (R. C. Heath, w, Ocala) Ultramafic rocks of the Southeast (D. M. Larrabee, Georgia, statewide (R. F. Carter, w, Atlanta) W) Illinois: See also specific minerals. Frequency analyses (W. D. Mitchell, w, Champaign) LOW FLOW MINERAL AND FUEL RESOURCES A237

Low flow and flow duration Continued Marine geology Continued Illinois - - Continued Puerto Rico cooperative program, Mona Passage (L. E. Partial-record investigation (W. D. Mitchell, w, Garrison, M) Champaign) Marine hydrology: Saline Branch and Salt Fork basins (D. E. Winget, w, Atlantic Coast sediment movement and bottom conditions Champaign) in Atlantic coast estuarine and nearshore Indiana, low-flow characteristics (C. H. T a t e, w, Indi­ waters (E. Bradley, J. E. Eddy, w, W; D. W. anapolis) Moody, w, Philadelphia, Pa.) Iowa, frequency studies (H. H. Schwob, w, Iowa City) Maryland, effects of water quality changes on biota in Kansas, seepage flow of streams (I. C. James, w, Law­ estuaries (R. L. Gory, J. W. Nauman, v, W) rence) New Jersey: Maryland, flood and low-flow frequency curves and flow Recording of maximum tides (T. G. Ross, w, Trenton) duration curves (P. N. Walker, w, Towson) Tidal stage, discharge and velocity studies (A. C. Massachusetts (G. K. Wood, w, Boston) Lendo, w, Trenton) Missouri, seasonal distribution and base-flow recession New York, flow and salinity in the Hudson River estuary (J. Skelton, w, Rolla) (M. W. Busby, w, Albany) New Jersey (E. G. Miller, w, Trenton) Washington, influence of industrial and municipal wastes New York, low-flow frequency (O. P. Hunt, w, Albany) on estuarine and offshore water quality (J. F. South Carolina, statewide (J. S. Stallings, w, Columbia) Santos, w, Tacoma) Tennessee, low-flow frequency (W. J. Perry, w, Nash­ Washington-Oregon, movement of radionuclides in the ville) Columbia River estuary (D. W. Hubbe1!, w, Texas: Portland, Oreg.) Low-flow studies of selected streams in Texas See also Salt-water intrusion; Hydrology, surface water; quantity and quality (B. N. Myers, w, Austin) Quality of water; Radioactive materials, trans­ Pecos River, base flow and water delivery, quantity port in salt water. and quality (R. U. Grozier, w, Austin) Mercury: Sabine and Old Rivers near Orange, quantity and Geochemistry (A. P. Pierce, D) quality (J. Rawson, w, Austin) Mercury deposits and mercury resources (E. H. Bailey, Washington (F. T. Hidaka, w, Tacoma) M) Wisconsin: California, Coast Range ultramafic rocks (E. H. Bailey, Low-flow character of small streams (R. W. Devaul, M) w, Madison) Meteorites. See Extraterrestrial studies. Low-flow study (W. A. Gebert, w, Madison) Mineral and fuel resources compilations and tcpical Lunar geology. See Extraterrestrial studies. studies: Manganese. See Ferro-alloy metals. Asphalt-bearing rocks (A. E. Roberts, D) Marine geology: Carbonate-rock resources (G. E. Ericksen, W) Clay chemistry (D. Carroll, M) Iron resource studies, United States (H. Klemic, W^ Marine mineral resources, world-wide (F. H. Wang, M) Lightweight-aggregate resources, nationwide (A. L. Submarine volcanic rocks, properties (J. G. Moore, M) Bush, D) Atlantic continental shelf and margin (R. H. Meade, Jr., Metallogenic maps, United States (P. W. Guild, W) Woods Hole, Mass.) Mineral-resources appraisal, northern Wisconsin (C. E. Gulf coast hydrology (P. Jones, Baton Rouge, La.) Dutton, Madison, Wis.) Gulf of Mexico Caribbean region (H. L. Berryhill, Jr., Mineral-resources map, Utah (L. S. Hilpert, Salt Lake Corpus Christi, Tex.) City, Utah) Pacific Island studies (G. Corwin, W) Mineral-resources surveys: Alaska: Northwestern United States (A. E. Weissenborn, Spo- Bering Shelf (D. M. Hopkins, M) kane, Wash.) Gulf of Alaska, nearshore placers (E. H. Lathram, M) Primitive and Wilderness Areas: Prince William Sound (R. E. Von Huene, M) Blue Range Primitive Area, Ariz. (J. C. Ratte, D) Seward Peninsula, nearshore (D. M. Hopkins, M) Idaho Primitive Area, Idaho (F. W. Cater, D; California: Northern Cascades Primitive Area, Wash. (M. H. Channel islands and basins (J. G. Vedder, M) Staatz, D) Continental margin: Sawtooth Primitive Area, Idaho (T. H. Kiilsgaard, Central part (G. E. Rusnak, M) W) Southern part (J. G. Vedder, M) Spanish Peaks Primitive Area, Mont. (G. E. La Jolla marine geology laboratory (G. W. Moore, Becraft, W) La Jolla) Upper Rio Grande Primitive Area, Colo. (T. A. Northern part, offshore black sands (G. W. Moore, Steven, D) La Jolla) Southeastern United States (R. A. Laurence, Fnox- San Francisco Bay: ville, Tenn.) Geochemistry of sediments (D. S. McCulloch, M) Peat resources, Pennsylvania (C. C. Cameron, W) Marine geology (D. S. McCulloch, M) Resource analysis (V. E. McKelvey, W) Florida, Biscayne Bay (F. A. Kohout, W) Resource data storage and retrieval (R. A. Weeks, W) Oregon-California, black sands (H. E. Clifton, M) Resource study techniques (R. A. Weeks, W) Oregon-Washington, nearshore (P. D. Snavely, Jr., M) Vanadium commodity study (R. P. Fischer, D) A238 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Mineral and fuel resources compilations and topical Oil shale Continued studies - - Continued Utah, oil shale (W. B. Cashion, Jr., D) Wilderness Program, geochemical services (A. F. Mar- Wyoming: ranzino, D) Green River Formation, Sweetwater County (W. C. Wildlife refuges (T. H. Kiilsgaard, W) Culbertson, D) Zinc deposits, origin and depositional control,Tennessee La Barge 1 SW and 2 SE quadrangles (R. L. Rioux, c, and Virginia (H. Wedow, Jr., Knoxville, Tenn.) W) See also Specific minerals or fuels. Paleobotany, systematic: Mineralogy and crystallography, experimental: Diatom studies (G. W. Andrews, W) Crystal chemistry (M. Ross, W) Floras: Crystal chemistry studies in metamorphism (J. J. Cenozoic, Western United States, and Alaska (J. A. Papike, W) Wolfe, M) Electrochemistry of minerals (M. Sato, W) Devonian (J. M. Schopf, Columbus, Ohio) Mineralogic services and research (M. L. Lindberg, W; Permian (S. H. Mamay, W) R. J. Gude, D) Fossil wood and general paleobotany (R. A. Scott, D) Mineralogy of heavy metals (F. A. Hildebrand, D) Plant microfossils: See also Geochemistry, experimental. Cenozoic (E. B. Leopold, D) Mining hydrology: Mesozoic (R. H. Tschudy, D) Study of the hydrologic and related effects of strip mining, Paleozoic (R. M. Kosanke, D) Beaver Creek watershed, Kentucky (R. J. Paleoecology: Pickering, w, Columbus, Ohio) Faunas, Late Pleistocene, Pacific coast (W. O. Addicott, Minor elements: M) Geochemistry (G. Phair, W) Foraminifera: Niobium: Cenozoic, larger forms (K. N. Sachs, Jr., W) Niobium and tantalum, distribution in igneous rocks Ecology (M. R. Todd, W) (D. Gottfried, W) Pamlico Sound, North Carolina (L. R. Berryhill, D) Phosphoria Formation, stratigraphy and resources Recent, eastern Pacific (P. J. Smith, M) (R. A. Gulbrandsen, M) Green River Formation, Wyoming, geology and paleo- Colorado, Wet Mountains (R. L. Parker, W) limnology (W. H. Bradley, W) Rare-earth elements, resources andgeochemistry(J. W. Mollusks, Pacific Islands, biogeography (H. S. Ladd, W) Adams, D) Ostracodes, Recent, North Atlantic (J. E. Haz?l, W) Tantalum-niobium resources of the United States (R. L. Paleoenvironment studies, Miocene, Atlantic Coastal Parker, W) Plain (T. G. Gibson, W) Trace-analysis methods, research (F. N. Ward, D) Pollen, Recent, distribution studies (E. B. Leopold, D) Model studies, hydrologic: Tempskya, Southwestern United States (C. B. Read, Al­ Analytical model of the land phase of the hydrologic buquerque, N. Mex.) cycle (D. R. Dawdy, w, M) Vertebrate faunas, Ryukyu Islands, biogeogrrphy (F. C. Electric analog models: See Water resources; Hydro logic Whitmore, Jr., W) instrumentation. Paleontology, invertebrate, systematic: Hydrologic model of the Delaware River (T. J. Buchanan, Brachiopods: w, Trenton, N.J.) Carboniferous (M. Gordon, Jr., W) Molybdenum. See Ferro-alloy metals. Ordovician (R. B. Neuman, W; R. J. Ross, Jr., D) Moon studies. See Extraterrestrial studies. Permian (R. E. Grant, W) Nickel. See Ferro-alloy metals. Upper Paleozoic (J. T. Dutro, Jr., W) Nuclear explosions, hydrology: Bryozoans: Hydrologic studies of small nuclear test sites (S. W. Ordovician (O. L. Karklins, W) West, w, D) Upper Paleozoic (H. M. Duncan, W) Hydrology of Amchitka Island Test Site, Alaska (S. W. Cephalopoda: West, w, D) Cretaceous (D. L. Jones, M) Hydrology of Central Nevada Test Site (G. A. Dinwiddie, Jurassic (R. W. Imlay, W) w, D) Triassic (N. J. Silberling, M) Hydrology of Nevada Test Site (R. K. Blankennagel, w, Upper Cretaceous (W. A. Cobban, D) Las Vegas) Upper Paleozoic (M. Gordon, Jr., W) Potential applications of nuclear explosives in develop­ Chitinozoans, Lower Paleozoic (J. M. Schopf, Columbus, ment and management of water resources (A. M. Ohio) Piper, F. W. Stead, w, M) Conodonts, Paleozoic (J. W. Huddle, W) Mississippi, Tatum salt dome area, water-resources Corals, rugose: evaluation (J. W. Lang, w, Jackson) Mississippian (W. J. Sando, W) Oil shale: Silurian-Devonian (W. A. Oliver, Jr., W) Oil-shale resources of the United States (D. C. Duncan, Foraminifera: W) Fusuline and orbitoline (R. C. Douglass, VT) Colorado: Cenozoic (R. Todd, W) State resources (D. C. Duncan, W) Cenozoic, California and Alaska (P. J. Smith, M) Banty Point quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Cretaceous (J. F. Mello, W) Rangely NE quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Mississippian (B. A. L. Skipp, D) PALEONTOLOGY PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS A239

Paleontology, invertebrate, systematic--Continued Paleontology, stratigraphic--Continued Foraminifera Continued P aleozoic Continued Pennsylvanian-Permian, fusuline (L. G. Henbest, W) Type Morrow Series, Washington County, Ark. (L. G. Tertiary, larger (K. N. Sachs, Jr., W) Henbest, W) Gastropods: Cambrian (A. R. Palmer, W) Mesozoic (N. F. Sohl, W) Ordovician: Miocene-Pliocene, Atlantic coast (T. G. Gibson, W) Bryozoans, Kentucky (O. L. Karklins, W) Paleozoic (E. L. Yochelson, W) Stratigraphy and brachiopods, Eastern United Graptolites, Ordovician-Silurian (R. J. Ross, Jr., D) States (R. B. Neuman, W) Mollusks, Cenozoic, Pacific coast (W. A. Addicott, M) Western United States (R. J. Ross, Jr., D) Ostraeodes: Silurian- Devonian: Cenozoic (J. E. Hazel, W) Corals, Northeastern United States (W. A. Ol'ver, Lower Paleozoic (J. M. Berdan, W) Jr., W) Upper Paleozoic (I. G. Sohn, W) Great Basin and Pacific coast (C. W. Merriam, M) Pelecypods: Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian, Eastern United Inoceramid (D. L. Jones, M) States (J. M. Berdan, W) Jurassic (R. W. Imlay, W) Mississippian: Paleozoic (J. Pojeta, Jr., W) Stratigraphy and brachiopods, northern Reeky Triassic (N. J. Silberling, M) Mountains and Alaska (J. T. Dutro, Jr., W) Radiolaria (K. N. Sachs, Jr., W) Stratigraphy and corals, northern Rocky Moun­ Trilobites: tains (W. J. Sando, W) Cambrian (A. R. Palmer, Stonybrook, N.Y.) Pennsylvania^ Ordovician (R. J. Ross, Jr., D) Fusulinidae, north-central Texas (D. A. Myers, D) Paleontology, stratigraphic: Spores and pollen, Kentucky (R. M. Kosanke, D) Cenozoic: Permian: Coastal plains, Atlantic and Gulf (D. Wilson, W) Floras, Southwestern United States (S. H. Mamay, Diatoms, Great Plains, nonmarine (G. W. Andrews, W) W) Stratigraphy and brachiopods, Southwestern United Foraminifera, smaller, Pacific Ocean and islands States (R. E. Grant, W) (M. R. Todd, W) Upper Paleozoic, Great Basin (M. Gordon, Jr., W) Mollusks: Paleontology, vertebrate, systematic: Atlantic coast, Miocene (T. G. Gibson, W) Artiodactyls, primitive (F. C. Whitmore, Jr., W) Pacific coast, Miocene (W. O. Addicott, M) Pleistocene fauna, Big Bone Lick, Ky. (F. C. Whitmore, Western Pacific islands (H. S. Ladd, W) Jr., W) Pollen and spores, Kentucky (R. H. Tschudy, D) Soricidae (C. A. Repenning, M) Vertebrates: Tritylodonts, American (G. E. Lewis, D) Pleistocene (G. E. Lewis, D) Paleotectonic maps. See Regional studies and compilat'ons. Atlantic coast (F. C. Whitmore, Jr., W) Pegmatites, South Dakota, Keystone pegmatite area (J. J. Pacific coast (C. E. Repenning, M) Norton, W) Panama Canal Zone (F. C. Whitmore, Jr., W) Permafrost studies: Mesozoic: Hydrology of permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska (D. A. Mor­ Pacific coast and Alaska (D. L. Jones, M) ris, w, Anchorage) Pierre Shale, Front Range area (W. A. Cobban, G. R. Petroleum and natural gas: Scott, D) Oil and gas resources of the United States (S. P. Schvein- Cretaceous: furth, W) Foraminifera: Organic geochemistry (J. G. Palacas, D) Alaska (H. R. Berquist, W) Principles in petroleum resource estimates (W. W. Mal- Western interior United States (J. F. Mello, W) lory, D) Gulf coast and Caribbean (N. F. Sohl, W) Upper Jurassic rocks, northeast Texas, southwest Molluscan faunas, Caribbean (N. F. Sohl, W) Arkansas, northwest Louisiana (K. A. Dickin- Western interior United States (W. A. Cobban, D) son, D) Jurassic, North America (R. W. Imlay, W) Williston basin, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, South Triassic, marine faunas and stratigraphy (N. J. Sil­ Dakota (C. A. Sandberg, D) berling, M) Alabama, Pre-Selma Cretaceous (L. C. Conant, W) Paleozoic: Alaska, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province (G. Plafker, M) Fusuline Foraminifera, Nevada (R. C. Douglass, W) Arizona: Mississippian biostratigraphy, Alaska (A. K. Arm­ Haystack Mountains (E. A. Merewether, D) strong, M) Navajo Reservation, fuels potential (R. B. O'Sullivan, Onesquethaw Stage (Devonian), stratigraphy and D) rugose corals (W. A. Oliver, W) California: Paleobotany and coal studies, Antarctica (J. M. Schopf, Eastern Los Angeles basin (J. E. Schoellhamer, M) Columbus, Ohio) Elk Hills (R. J. Lantz, Bakersfield) Palynology of cores from Naval Petroleum Reserve Salinas Valley (D. L. Durham, M) No. 4 (R. A. Scott, D) Colorado: Subsurface rocks, Florida (J. M. Berdan, W) Banty Point quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) A240 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Petroleum and natural gas Continued Phosphate Continued Colorado Continued Utah Continued Chair Mountain quadrangle (L. H. Godwin, c, D) Phil Pico Mountain quadrangle (J. R. Dyni, c, D) Grand Junction 2-degree quadrangle (W. B. Cashion, Vernal phosphate area (E. M. Schell, c, Billings, D) Mont.) Hot Sulphur Springs quadrangle (G. A. Izett, c, D) Wyoming: Mellen Hill quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Clause Peak quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Northwestern part, Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy Ferry Peak quadrangle (D. A. Jobin, c, D) (J. R. Gill, D) Jackson 7^-minute quadrangle (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Rangely 7^-minute quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Lake City, Utah) Rangely NE quadrangle (H. L. Cullins, c, D) Jessen Butte area (E. M. Schell, c, Billings, Mont.) Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Lander area phosphate reserve (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) Kansas, Sedgwick Basin (W. L. Adkison, Lawrence) Munger Mountain quadrangle (H. F. Albee, c, Salt Lake Mississippi, Homochitto National Forest (E. L. Johnson, City, Utah) c, Tulsa, Okla.) Observation Peak quadrangle (H. F. Albee, c, Salt New Mexico: Lake City, Utah) San Juan Basin, east side (C. H. Dane, W) Taylor Mountain quadrangle (M. L. Sdmeder, c, D) Undifferentiated formations of Silurian and Devonian Teton Pass quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) age (L. B. Haigler, c, Roswell) Turquoise Lake quadrangle (M. L. Schneder, c, D) North Dakota, White Butte 15-minute quadrangle (K. S. Plant ecology: Soward, c, Great Falls, Mont.) Basic research in vegetation and hydrology (R. S. Utah: Sigafoos, w, W) Grand Junction 2-degree quadrangle (W. B. Cashion, D) Hydrologic phenomena associated with vegetation Navajo Reservation, fuels potential (R. B. O'Sullivan, changes, Boco Mountain, Colo. (G. C. Lusby, D) w, D) Northeastern part, Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy Periodic plant-growth phenomena and hydrology (R. L. (J. R. Gill, D) Phipps, w, W) Upper Valley quadrangle (W. E. Bowers, c, D) Site criteria for conversion of sagebrush lards to grass­ Virginia, Big Stone Gap district (R. L. Miller, W) lands (L. M. Shown, w, D) Wyoming: Vegetation changes in southwestern North Airerica (R. M. Upper Cretaceous regional stratigraphy (J. R. Gill, D) Turner, w, Tucson, Ariz.) Browns Hill quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Water use by trees (C. R. Daum, w, D) LaBarge 1 SW and 2 SE quadrangles (R. L. Rioux, c, See also Evapotranspiration; Geochronology; Limnology. W) Potash: Lament-Baroil area (M. W. Reynolds, D) Colorado and Utah, Paradox basin (O. B. Ra'ip, D) Lander area phosphate reserve (W. L. Rohrer, c, D) New Mexico, Carlsbad, potash and other saline deposits Oil Mountain quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Casper) (C. L. Jones, M) Poison Spider quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Casper) Public and industrial water supplies: Reid Canyon quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Casper) Maryland, chemical character of municipal water sup­ Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) plies (S. G. Heidel, w, Towson) Spence-Kane area (R. L. Rioux, c, W) North Carolina, public water supplies (H. E. LeGrand, w, Square Top Butte quadrangle (W. H. Laraway, c, Cas­ Raleigh) per) _ See also Quality of water; Water Resources. Taylor Mountain quadrangle (M. L. Schroeder, c, D) Quality of water: Petrology. See Geochemistry and petrology. Reaeration of open-channel flow (W. W. Sayre, w, Fort Phosphate: Collins, Colo.) Phosphoria Formation, stratigraphy and resources (R. A. Saline ground water of the United States (F. A. Kohout Gulbrandsen, M) and'W. L. Hiss, w, W) Southeastern United States, phosphate resources (J. B. Alaska: Cathcart, D) Earthquake-affected area (C. G. Angelo, w, Anchor­ Florida, land-pebble phosphate deposits (J. B. Cathcart, age) D) Statewide stream quality of water and (or) tempera­ Montana, Wise River quadrangle (G. D. Fraser, c, D) ture (H. Hulsing, w, Anchorage) Nevada: Statewide stream sediment discharge (H. Hulsing, w, Montello area (G. D. Fraser, c, D) Anchorage) Spruce Mountain 4 quadrangle (G. D. Fraser, c, D) Summary of surface and ground water (/, J. Feulner, Utah: w, Anchorage) Causey Dam quadrangle (T. E. Mullens, c, D) California: Crawford Mountains (W. C. Gere, c, Los Angeles, Effects of waste discharge on ground-water quality, Calif.) Upper Santa Ana River (J. A. More1 and, w, Gar­ Gilbert Peak 1 NE quadrangle (J. R. Dyni, c, D) den Grove) Jessen Butte quadrangle (J. R. Dyni, c, D) Geochemical reappraisal of ground-water quality in Morgan quadrangle (T. E. Mullens, c, D) western Fresno County (G. L. Bertoldi, w, Ogden 4 NE quadrangle (T. E. Mullens, c, D) Sacramento) Ogden 4 NW quadrangle (R. J. Hite, c, D) QUALITY OF WATER RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS A241

Quality of water--Continued Quality of water--Continued California--Continued Pennsylvania: Ground water in Orange County (J. A. Moreland, w, Brandywine Creek basin, water-quality reconnais­ Garden Grove) sance (A. N. Ott, w, Harrisburg) Striped bass mortalities (W. D. Silvey, w, Sacramen­ Delaware River, chemical characteristics (R. W. to) Paulson, w, Philadelphia) Trace elements and ground-water quality, Santa Clara Lehigh River basin, water quality of streams (E. F. Valley (W. D. Silvey, w, Sacramento) McCarren, w, Philadelphia) Turbidity, northwestern California streams (J. R. Neshaminy Creek basin, quality of surface waters Ritter, w, Sacramento) (E. F. McCarren, w, Philadelphia) Florida: Water quality of Pennsylvania reservoirs (A. N. Ott, Chemical characteristics of Florida streams (M. I. w, Harrisburg) Kaufman, w, Tallahassee) South Carolina: Hydrology of sanitary land-fill areas (J. W. Stewart, Salinity, Edisto estuary (T. R. Cummings, w, Colum­ w, Tampa) bia) Indiana, saline-water resources (R. A. Pettijohn, w, In­ Statewide reconnaissance of streams (T. R. Cjm- dianapolis) mings, w, Columbia) Kansas: Texas: Cedar Bluff Irrigation District (R. B. Leonard, w, Canadian River basin, surface water (H. L. Kunze, w, Lawrence) Austin) South Fork Ninnescah River basin (A. M. Diaz, w, Colorado River basin, surface water (D. K. Leifeste, Lawrence) w, Austin) Walnut River basin (R. B. Leonard, w, Lawrence) Guadalupe and San Antonio River basins, surface water Kentucky: (J. Rawson, w, Austin) Quality of surface and ground water Statewide in­ Hubbard Creek basin (L. S. Hughes, w, Austin) ventory (H. C. Beaber, w, Louisville) Quality of water of Texas bays and estuaries (E. C. Saline-water investigations (H. T. Hopkins, w, Louis­ Hahl, w, Austin) ville) Red River basin, surface water (D. K. Leifeste, w, Louisiana, saline ground-water studies (A. N. Turcan, Austin) Jr., w, Baton Rouge) Statewide surface waters (L. S. Hughes, w, Austin) Maryland, extent of brackish water in tidal rivers (S. G. Trinity River basin, surface water (D. K. Leifeste, w, Heidel, w, Towson) Austin) Nebraska, statistical analysis of chemical quality of sur­ Utah: face waters (K. A. MacKichan, w, Lincoln) Chemical changes in Great Salt Lake (R. J. Madison, Nevada, water-quality distribution (A. S. Van Denburgh, w, Salt Lake City) w, Carson City) Reconnaissance of water-quality characteristics of New Jersey: surface waters in the Bear River basin (K. M. Passaic River basin, water-quality and streamflow Waddell, w, Salt Lake City) characteristics (P. W. Anderson, w, Trenton) Statewide, quality of ground water (A. H. Handy, w, Raritan River basin, water-quality and streamflow Salt Lake City) characteristics (P. W. Anderson, w, Trenton) Water quality in Flaming Gorge Reservoir (F, J. New Mexico: Madison, w, Salt Lake City) Rincon-Mesilla Valleys (J. A. Easier, w, Albuquer­ Virginia: que) James River basin, water quality and streamflow Saline-water resources of Capitan (reef) limestone characteristics (S. M. Rogers, w, Richmond) (W. L. Hiss, w, Albuquerque) Statistical analysis of water quality records for Vir­ New York: ginia (S. M. Rogers, w, Richmond) Glowegee Creek at AEC reservation near West Mil­ Washington: ton (G. G. Parker, w, Albany) Grays Harbor (J. P. Beverage, w, Tacoma) Long Island, preliminary evaluation (P. Cohen, w, Statewide quality of surface water (N. F. Leibbrand, Mineola) w, Tacoma) North Carolina, chemical quality of surface waters in Wyoming, selenium in ground water near Casper, Nat rona North Carolina (H. B. Wilder, w, Raleigh) County (M. A. Grist, w, Cheyenne) Ohio: See also Geochemistry; Hydrology, surface water; Lim­ Auglaize River basin (P. G. Drake, w, Columbus) nology; Low flow and flow duration; Marine Ohio River basin, ground water (M. Deutsch, w, Gahan- hydrology; Model studies, hydrologic; Public na) and industrial water supplies; Sedimentation; Saline water resources (A. C. Sedam, w, Columbus) Water resources. Oklahoma, Keystone Reservoir (R. P. Orth, w, Oklahoma Quicksilver. See Mercury. City) Radioactive materials, transport in water: Oregon: Contamination of ground water by the earth burial of a Umpqua River basin, surface water (J. J. S. Yee and space nuclear auxiliary power (SNAP) device D. A. Curtiss, w, Portland) (D. B. Grove, w, D) Willamette Basin, surface and ground water (R. C. Disposition of radionuclides, Lower Columbia River Williams, w, Cheyenne, Wyo.) (W. L. Haushild, w, Portland, Oreg.) A242 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Radioactive materials, transport in water--Continued Salt-water intrusion--Continued Distribution and movement of radionuclides at selected Puerto Rico Continued explosion sites (D. B. Grove, w, D) Salinity reconnaissance and monitoring system, south Movement of radionuclides, Columbia River estuary coast (J. R. Dfaz, w, San Juan) (D. W. Hubbell, w, Portland, Oreg.) Washington, reconnaissance of sea-water encroachment See also Geochemistry, water. (K. L. Walters, w, Tacoma) Radioactive-waste disposal: See also Marine hydrology; Quality of water. Hydrogeologic studies: Sedimentation: Idaho, National Reactor Testing Station (J. T. Barra- General studies of erosion and sedimentation and evalu­ clough, w, Idaho Falls) ation of erosion-control practices (N. J. King, New Mexico: w, D) Disposal of treated radioactive-waste effluents, Measurement of river bedload; rivers near Pinedale, Bandelier Tuff (W. D. Purtymun, w, Albuquer­ Wyo. (L. B. Leopold, w, W) que) Relating sediment yields to watershed variables Susque- Waste-contamination studies, Los Alamos (W. D. hanna River basin (K. F. Williams, w, Harris- Purtyman, ,w, Albuquerque) burg, Pa.) South Carolina: Sources, movement, and distribution of sediment in a Savannah River Plant (I. W. Marine, G. E. Siple, small watershed (M. G. Wolman, w, Baltimore, w, Columbia) Md.) Savannah River Plant, tank farm hydrology project Transport properties of natural clays (R. G. V'rolff, w, W) (W. E. Clark, w, Columbia) California: See also Geochemistry, water. Bolinas Lagoon (J. R. Ritter, w, Sacramento) Rare-earth metals. See Minor elements. Eel River basin, sediment transport (J. R. Ritter, w, Regional studies and compilations, large areas of the United Sacramento) States: Fluvial sediment transport to San Francisco Bay (G. Basement rock map (R. W. Bayley, M) Porterfield, w, Sacramento) Discharge of river water from the shores of the con­ North coastal streams, sediment transport (N. L. terminous United States, Alaska, and Puerto Hawley, w, Sacramento) Rico (A. Wilson, w, Tucson, Ariz.) San Juan Creek (D. M. Stewart, w, Garden Grove) Military intelligence studies (M. J. Terman, W) Sediment characteristics of California streams (B. L. National Atlas, water-resources section (H. E. Thomas, Jones, w, Sacramento) w, W) Sediment yield of Piru Creek above Puramio Dam Paleotectonic-map folios: (C. G. Kroll, w, M) Mississippian System (L. C. Craig, D) Sedimentation in western tributaries of the Sacramen­ Pennsylvanian System (E. D. McKee, D) to River (B. L. Jones, w, Sacramento) Reservoirs. See Evaporation. Trap efficiency (L. E. Young, w, M) Rhenium. See Minor elements and Ferro-alloy metals. Use of turbidity records to determine sediment dis­ Saline minerals: charge (B. L. Jones, w, Sacramento) Colorado, Piceance Basin (D. A. Brobst, D) Colorado, Badger Wash area, effect of grazing exclusion Colorado and Utah: (G. C. Lusby, w, D) Paradox basin (O. B. Raup, D) Indiana, reconnaissance of sediment yields in streams Saline facies of Green River Formation (J. R. Dyni, (R. F. Flint, w, Columbus, Ohio) c, D) Louisiana, Bayou Lafourche, channel-12 buildingpro- Nevada, Coaldale 30-minute quadrangle area (L. H. God­ cesses (W. H. Doyle, w, Baton Rouw) win, c, Los Angeles, Calif.) Minnesota, Upper Mississippi River basin, evaluation of New Mexico, Carsbad potash and other saline deposits sediment data (C. R. Collier, w, St.. Paul) (C. L. Jones, M) Missouri, St. Louis harbor (P. Jordan, w, Columbus, Wyoming, Sweetwater County, Green River Formation Ohio) (W. C. Culbertson, D) Montana, sedimentation in Little Prickly Pear Creek Salt-water intrusion: (A. R. Gustafson, w, Worland, Wyo.) Water-contamination studies, effects of saline fronts in New Jersey: Delaware River estuary on wells adjacent to Changes in sediment yield due to construction of a Delaware River (E. Donsky, w, Trenton, N.J.) major highway (L. J. Mansue, w, Trenton) California, Orange County, analog simulation of ground Coastal-plain streams, sediment reconnaissance water (E. H. Cordes, w, Garden Grove) (L. J. Mansue, w, Trenton) Florida, Dade County and city of Miami (C. B. Sherwood, Stony Brook watershed, fluvial sedimentation (L. J. w, Miami) Mansue, w, Trenton) Georgia: New Mexico: Brunswick area (D. O. Gregg, w, Brunswick) Mechanics of flow and sediment transport in Rio Savannah area (H. B. Counts, w, Atlanta) Grande conveyance channel near Bernardo North Carolina, salt-water encroachment in North Caro­ (J. K. Culbertson, w, Albuquerque) lina estuaries (H. B. Wilder, w, Raleigh) Reservoir trap efficiency (J. D. Dewey, v, Albuquer­ Puerto Rico: que) Salinity in Calto Tiburones (J. R. Dfaz, w, San Juan) SEDIMENTATION STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 4243

Sedimentation- - Continued Springs- -Continued North Carolina, sediment characteristics of streams in Utah (J. C. Mundorff, w, Salt Lake City) the State (H. E. Reeder, w, Raleigh) See also Marine hydrology. Pennsylvania: Stratigraphy and sedimentation: Bixler Run watershed, hydrology and sedimentation East-coast continental shelf and margin (R. H. Meade, (L. A. Reed, w, Harrisburg) Jr., Woods Hole, Mass.) Corey Creek and Elk Run watershed (L. A. Reed, w, Middle and Late Tertiary history, Northern Rocky Moun­ Harrisburg) tains and Great Plains (N. M. Denson, D) Susquehanna River basin, fluvial sediment recon­ Paleozoic rocks, Ruby Range Montana (E. T. Ruppel, D) naissance (K. F. Williams, w, Harrisburg) Phosphoria Formation, stratigraphy and resources (R. A. South Carolina, statewide reconnaissance of streams Gulbrandsen, M) (T. R. Cummings, w, Columbia) Pierre Shale, chemical and physical properties, Montana, Washington: North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Ne­ Chehalis River basin, fluvial sediment transport braska (H. A. Tourtelot, D) (P. A. Glancy, w, Tacoma) Potomac River sediment transport (E. Bradley, Arling­ Palouse River basin, fluvial sediment transport (P. R. ton, Va.) Boucher, w, Pasco) Regional synthesis, Gulf Coastal Plain and Continental Snohomish River basin, fluvial sediment transport Shelf (J. C. Maher, M) (L. M. Nelson, w, Tacoma) Sedimentary petrology laboratory (H. A. Tourtelot, D) Walla Walla River basin, fluvial sediment transport Sedimentary structures, model studies (E. D. McKee, D) (B. E. Mapes, w, Pasco) Southwest Basin and Range Tertiary stratigraphy, Utah- Wisconsin, reconnaissance sediment investigations(R. F. California- Nevada (F. N. Houser, D) Flint, w, Columbus, Ohio; S. M. Hindall, w, Upper Jurassic stratigraphy, northeast Texas, southwest Madison, Wis.) Arkansas, northwest Louisiana (K. A. DicMn- Wyoming, Wind River basin, sediment transport (D. C. son, D) Dial, w, Worland) Williston basin, Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, South See also Geochronology; Hydraulics, surface flow, chan­ Dakota (C. A. Sandberg, D) nel characteristics; Hydrologic-data collection Arizona, Hermit and Supai Formations (E. D. McKee, D) and processing; Radioactive materials, trans­ California, sediment transport, Mattole River (V. A. Ken­ port in water; Urbanization, hydrologic effects. nedy, D) Sedimentation, reservoirs: Colorado: California, Dos Rios Reservoir sediment study (J. M. Northwestern part: Knott, w, M) Jurassic stratigraphy (G. N. Pipiringos, D) Georgia, North Fork Broad River, subwatershed 14 near Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy (J. R. Gill, D) Avalon (R. G. Grantham, w, Atlanta) Kansas, Sedgwick Basin (W. L. Adkison, Lawrence) Louisiana, B a y o u Dupont watershed, reservoir (R. L. Massachusetts, central Cape Cod, subsurface studies McAvoy, w, Baton Rouge) (R. N. Oldale, C. R. Tuttle, C. Koteff, Boeton) Maryland, North Branch Rock Creek near Rockvilie Nebraska, central Nebraska basin (G. E. Pricharc1 . D) (W. J. Davis, w, College Park) Nevada, stratigraphy and composition of the Roberts Nevada, Peavine Creek (P. A. Glancy and D. O. Moore, Mountains Formation (T. E. Mullens, D) w, Carson City) Oregon-California: Utah, Paria River basin, Sheep Creek near Tropic sedi­ Black sands (H. E. Clifton, M) ment barrier (G. C. Lusby, w, D) Hydrologic investigations, black sands (P. D. Snavely, Selenium. See Minor elements. Jr., M) Silver. See Heavy metals. Utah: Soil moisture: Northeastern part, Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy Development of field criteria for evaluating sites for (J. R. Gill, D) flood waterspreading (R. F. Miller, w, D) Uinta Mountain Group, stratigraphy (C. A. Wallace, M) Hydrologic implications of the physical and chemical Wyoming: characteristics of soils (R. F. Miller, w, D) Green River Formation, geology and paleolimnology Plants as indicators of soil-moisture availability (F. A. (W. H. Bradley, W) Branson, w, D) South-central part, Jurassic stratigraphy (G. N. Water application and use on a range water spreader, Pipiringos, D) northeast Montana (F. A. Branson, w, D) Upper Cretaceous, regional stratigraphy (J. R. Gill, See also Evapotranspiration. D) Spectres copy: Lamont-Baroil area (M. W. Reynolds, D) Mobile spectrographic laboratory (A. P. Marranzino, D) See also Paleontology, stratigraphic, and specific areas Spectrographic analytical services and research (A. W. under Geologic mapping. Helz, W; A. T. Myers, D; H. Bastron, M) Structural geology and tectonics: X-ray spectroscopy (H. J. Ross, Jr., W; W. W. Bran- Deformation research (S. P. Kanizay, D) nock, M) Rock behavior at high temperature and pressure (E. C. Springs: Robertson, W) California, Coast Ranges north of San Francisco Bay Transcurrent fault analysis, western Great Basin, (C. F. Berkstresser, w, Sacramento) Nevada-California (R. E. Anderson, D) Missouri (A. Homyk, w, Rolla) A244 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Structural geology and tectonics Continued Urban geology Continued Nevada, structure of Mesozoic rocks in northwest part California: of State (R. C. Speed, Chicago, 111.) Hayward-Calaveras fault zones (D. H. Radbruch, M) See also specific areas under Geologic mapping. Malibu Beach quadrangle (R. F. Yerkes, M) Sulfur: Palo Alto and San Mateo quadrangles (E.H.Pampeyan, Sulfur deposits in the Gulf Coast region (A. J. Bodenlos, M) W) Point Dume and Triunfo Pass quadrangle (R. H. Talc: Campbell, M) Southeastern United States, ultramafic rocks (D. M. San Francisco Bay: Larrabee, W) Marine geology (D. S. McCulloch, M) Tantalum. See Minor elements. Sediments, engineering-geology stud'es (D. R. Temperature studies, water: Nichols, M) Thermal characteristics of aquifer systems (R. San Francisco South quadrangle (M. G. Bonilla, M) Schneider, w, W) Colorado, Denver metropolitan area (R. M. Lindvall, D) Missouri River, North Dakota (O. A. Crosby, w, Bis­ District of Columbia, Washington metropolitan area marck) (H. W. Coulter, C. F. Withington, W) Upper Delaware River, Pennsylvania-New York-New Maryland, Washington, D. C., metropolitan area (H. W. Jersey (O. O. Williams, w, Trenton, N.J.) Coulter, C. F. Withington, W) Illinois, Illinois River temperature observations (C. R. Massachusetts, Boston and vicinity (C. A. Kaye, Boston) Sieber, w, Champaign) South Dakota, Rapid City area (J. M. Cattermole, D) North Carolina, thermal characteristics of surface Tennessee, Knoxville area (J. M. Cattermole, D) waters, statewide (T. H. Woodard, w, Raleigh) Utah, Salt Lake City and vicinity (R. Van Horn, D) South Carolina, thermal gradients in the State (G. E. Virginia, Washington, D. C., metropolitan area (H. W. Siple, w, Columbia) Coulter, C. F. Withington, W) Texas, statewide temperature of streams (J. Rawson, w, Washington, Puget Sound Basin (D. R. Mullin^aux, D) Austin) Urbanization, hydrologic effects: Washington, stream temperatures (M. R. Ceilings, w, Effect on flood flow: Tacoma) Kansas, Wichita area (L. W. Furness, w, Lawrence) See also Evaporation; Limnology; Marine hydrology; Mississippi, Jackson area (C. P. Humphreys, Jr., w, Quality of water. Jackson) Thorium: North Carolina, metropolitan areas of Charlotte, Dur­ Colorado, Wet Mountains (Q. D. Singewald, W) ham, Lenoir, Morganton, and Wirston-Salem Titanium: (A. L. Putnam, w, Raleigh) Economic geology of rutile (N. Herz, W) Tennessee, Nashville-Davidson County iretropolitan Economic geology of titanium (N. Herz, W) area (L. G. Conn, w, Nashville) Tungsten. See Ferro-alloy metals. Effect on stream temperature (E. J. Pluho^vski, w, W) Uranium: Effect on water resources (H. P. Guy, w, Fort Collins, Resources of radioactive minerals (A. P. Butler, Jr.,D) Colo.) Uranium-bearing pipes, Colorado Plateau and Black Hills Urban hydrology (W. J. Schneider, w, W) (C. G. Bowles, D) California, hydrologic effects of urbanization (J. R. Crip- Colorado: pen, w, M) Cochetopa Creek uranium-thorium area (J. C. Olson, Maryland, sedimentation and hydrology in Rock Creek D) and Anacostia River basins (W. J. Davis, w, Savery quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) College Park) Idaho, Mt. Spoka'ne quadrangle (A. E. Weissenborn, Spo- Pennsylvania, documentation of pre-urbanization hydro- kane, Wash.) logic conditions (R. A. Miller, w, Harrisburg) New Mexico: Texas: Ambrosia Lake district (H. C. Granger, D) Urban hydrology study, Bryan (E. E. Schroeder, w, San Ysidro area Jurassic studies (E. S. Santos, D) Austin) Wingate-Thoreau district (C. T. Pierson, W) Urban hydrology study, San Antonio (E. E. Schroeder, Texas: w, Austin) Coastal plain, geophysical and geological studies Vegetation: (D. H. Eargle, Austin) Elements in organic-rich material (F. N. Ward, D) West Texas Permian basin (J. C. Wright, W) See also Plant ecology. Washington, Mt. Spokane quadrangle (A. E. Weissenborn, Volcanic-terrane hydrology: Spokane) Columbia River Basalt (R. C. Newcomb, v, Portland, Wyoming: Oreg.) Badwater Creek (R. E. Thaden, D) See also Artificial recharge. Browns Hill quadrangle (C. S. V. Barclay, c, D) Volcanology: Central part, selected uranium deposits (F. C. Arm­ Cauldron and ash-flow studies (R. L. Smith, W) strong, D) Pacific coast basalts, geochemistry (K. J. Murata, M) Hulett Creek (C. H. Maxwell, D) Submarine volcanic rocks, properties (J. G. Moore, M) Shirley Basin area (E. N. Harshman, D) Volcanic ash (R. E. Wilcox, D) Urban geology: Arizona, San Francisco volcanic field (J. F. McCauley, Application of geology to urban planning, research in Flagstaff) techniques (G. G. Johnson, D) VOLCANOLOGY WATER RESOURCES A245

Volcanology- - Continued Water resources Continued California, volcanic hazards, Lassen Peak and Mt. Shasta Alabama (w, Tuscaloosa): (D. R. Crandell, D) Hydrogeologic study of State (W. J. Powell) Colorado, east and central San Juan volcanic field, pe­ Rapid appraisals of water for industrial development trology (P. W. Lipman, D) (J. G. Newton) Hawaii, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (H. A. Powers, Relation of oil and gas industry to water resources Hawaii National Park) (W. J. Powell) Idaho, central Snake River Plain, volcanic petrology Water resources: (H. E. Malde, D) Choctawhatchee-Escambia River basins (J. C. Montana: Scott) Bearpaw Mountains, petrology (B. C. Hearn, Jr., W) Coosa River basin, upper part (J. R. Harkins) Wolf Creek area, petrology (R. G. Schmidt, W) East-central part (L. V. Causey) Nevada: Piedmont area (J. C. Scott) Morey Peak caldera study (W. J. Carr, D) Southwest part (J. R. Avrett) Paintbrush and Timber Mountain tuffs (P. W. Lipman, Tennessee River basin (J. R. Harkins) D) Tombigbee-Black Warrior River basin, upperr>art New Mexico, Valles Mountains, petrology (R. L. Smith, (K. D. Wahl) W) Alaska, (w, Anchorage, except as noted otherwise): Oregon, Bend area, volcanics (L. C. Rowan, Flagstaff, Ground water: Ariz.) Haines-Port Chilkoot area (J. A. McConrghy, Washington, Tertiary volcanic rocks (R. C. Pearson, D) Juneau) Wyoming, deposition of volcanic ash in the Mowry Shale Matanuska-Susitna Borough (A. J. Feulner) and Frontier Formation (G. P. Eaton, River­ National parks (D. A. Morris, Anchorage; J. A. side, Calif.) McConaghy, Juneau) Water management: Statewide water levels (A. J. Feulner) Florida, southeastern part, water-management effects Hydrology: (S. D. Leach, w, Tallahassee) Amchitka Island test site (W. C. Ballance) Illinois, the role of water in land-use planning (A. M. Anchorage area (W. W. Barnwell) Spieker, w, W) Greater Juneau Borough (J. A. McConaghy, Jureau) New York, water-management alternatives on Long Kenai Peninsula Borough (S. H. Jones, G. S. An- Island (P. Cohen, w, Mineola) derson) Tennessee, Memphis area, piezometric mapping aid to Remote sensing (W. W. Barnwell) management (J. H. Criner, Jr., w, Nashville) Summary of water-supply conditions (A. J. See also Nuclear explosions, hydrology. Feulner) Water resources: American Samoa, (S. Valenciano, w, Honolulu, Havaii) Application of aerial photography (W. J. Schneider, w, W) Arizona (w, Tucson): Electrical analog models: Hydrologic reconnaissance of lower Tonto Creek Sparta Sand analog study (E. M. Gushing, w, Mem­ basin (H. H. Schumann) phis, Tenn.) Water resources chapter of "Mineral and water re­ Texas, Louisiana, aquifers in Gulf coast area (A. N. sources of Arizona" (J. J. Ligner) Turcan, Jr., w, Baton Rouge, La.) Ground water: Delaware River basin, drought (J. E. McCall, w, Tren­ Analysis of water-level declines (E. B. Hodges) ton, N.J.) Beardsley area (W. Kam) Delmarva Peninsula, hydrology (E. M. Gushing, w, Tow- Big Sandy Valley (W. Kam) son, Md.) Coconino County, southern part (E. H. McGavock) Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, study of the prin­ Electric-analog analysis of hydrologic data for cipal limestone aquifer (Suwannee Strait, in Avra Valley (O. Moosburner) part) (S. M. Herrick, Atlanta, Ga.) Kingman area (J. B. Gillespie) Kanawha-New River basin, West Virginia, Virginia, and Navajo Indian Reservation (M. E. Cooley) North Carolina, ground water (P. W. Johnson, Safford area (E. S. Davidson) w, Charleston, W. Va.) Supply for fish hatchery, Apache County (C. B. Lower Colorado basin, hydrology (O. J. Loeltz, w, Yuma, Bentley) Ariz.) Tucson basin (E. S. Davidson) Public domain: Williams, analysis of public water supply (B. W. Hydrology of the public domain (K. R. Melin, w, D) Thorns en) Pacific coast area, water-supply exploration (C. T. Yuma Proving Ground (D. E. Click) Snyder, w, M) Hydrology: Rocky Mountain area, water-supply exploration (N. J. Alluvial basins (M. E. Cooley) King, w, D) Remote sensing Gila River phreatophyte project Western States, areal hydrology (G. C. Lusby, w, D) (R. C. Culler) Upper Brazos River basin project, Permian Basin pro­ Arkansas (w, Little Rock): gram (P. R. Stevens, w, Austin, Tex.) Ground water: Upper Mississippi River basin (P. R. Jordan, w, Gahanna, Arkansas River valley methodology reports (M. S. Ohio) Bedinger) A246 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Water resources--Continued Water resources Continued Arkansas Continued Colorado Continued Ground water Continued Ground water--Continued Ground-water hydrology of alluvial valleys of Piceance Basin (D. L. Coffin) Arkansas and Verdigris Rivers (M. S. Pueblo Army Depot (F. A. Welder) Bedinger) U.S. Air Force Academy ground-water supply Clay, Craighead, Greene, and Poinsett Counties (F. A. Welder) (M. S. Hines) Hydrology: Hempstead, Lafayette, Little River, Miller, and Arkansas Valley, Pueblo to State line (O. J. Taylor) Nevada Counties (A. H. Ludwig) San Luis Valley (P. A. Emery) Ozark Plateaus province (A. G. Lamonds) South Platte River basin, Henderson to State line California (w, Menlo Park, except as noted otherwise): (D. R. Albin) Ground water: Water resources, Rocky Mountain National Park (F. A. Antelope Valley (R. M. Bloyd, Jr.) Welder) Bar stow, Marine Corps Supply Center (G. A. Connecticut (w, Hartford): Miller) Water resources: Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base, continuing Part 3, Thames River basin (C. E. Thomas, Jr.) inventory (F. W. Giessner) ' Part 4, Southwestern coastal basins (R. B. Ryder) China Lake, Naval Ordnance Test Station, con­ Part 5, Lower Housatonic River basin (W. E. tinuing inventory (J. A. Westphal) Wilson) Cuyama Valley (W. V. Swarzenski) Part 6, Upper Housatonic River ba^in (M. A. Death Valley, Texas-Travertine Spring area (G. A. Cervione) Miller) Part 7, Upper Connecticut River b*sin (R. B. Death Valley National Monument hydrologic re­ Ryder) connaissance (G. A. Miller) Florida (w, Tallahassee): Edwards Air Force Base (F. W. Giessner) Geohydrology, Cocoa well-field area (W. F. Lichtler) Fremont Valley (W. R. Moyle, Jr.) Statewide, special studies (C. S. Conover, R. W. Pride) Fresno area (R. W. Page) Water atlas (E. R. Hampton) Ground-water inventory, Upper Santa Margarita Ground water: River basin (J. S. McLean, w, Garden Grove) Dade County, special studies (C. B. Sherwood) Harper Valley (W. R. Moyle, Jr.) Fort Lauderdale area, special studies (H. J. Mc- Indian Wells Valley appraisal (L. C. Dutcher) Coy) Ivanpah Valley (W. R. Moyle, Jr.) Hydrology: Los Angeles County, geohydrology (R. M. Miller) Analog model, Biscayne aquifer (C. A. Appel) Madera area (H. T. Mitten) Model study, Hillsborough River basin (J. A. Mann) Mojave River analog model (W. F. Hardt) Remote sensing, Everglades (M. C. Kolipinski) Orange County, deep test hole (J. A. Mpreland) Remote sensing, west-central Florida (A. E. Panamint and Searles Valleys (W. R. Mo.yle, Jr.) Coker) Pinnacles National Monument (J. P. Akers) Water resources: San Gorgonio Pass area, appraisal (R. M. Bloyd, Broward County (C. B. Sherwood) Jr.) Charlotte County (H. Sutcliffe) San Joaquin Valley, southern part (M. G. Croft) Clearwater area (M. J. Weitzner) San Luis Rey River valley area (J. H. Koehler) Cross Florida Barge Canal (G. L. Faulkner) San Timoteo area (J. J. French) Dunedin area (R. N. Cherry) Santa Clara County, analog model (P. R. Wood) Duval County (G. W. Leve) Tracy-Dos Palos area, San Joaquin Valley (K. M. Everglades National Park (M. C. Kolipinski) Scott) Lake County (D. D. Knockenmus) Upper Santa Clara River Valley, Los Angeles Lakeland Ridge area (A. E. Coker) County (R. E. Miller) Lee County (D. H. Boggess) Vandenberg Air Force Base, continuing inventory Mid-Gulf basins (R. N. Cherry) (F. W. Giessner) Myakka River basin (B. F. Joyner) Whitewater-Coachella area (R. E. Miller) Southwestern St. Lucie County (H. W. Bearden) Hydrology: Upper St. Johns River basin (L. J. Sne1!) Cachuma Reservoir (E. R. Hedman) Upper Tampa Bay (J. A. Mann) California comprehensive framework study (S. E. Volusia County (B. J. Bermes) Rantz) Western Collier County (J. N. Crensha^) Hydrologic bench marks (J. R. Crippen) Yellow-Shoal Rivers area (J. B. Foster) Lake Tahoe Basin (J. R. Crippen) Georgia (w, Atlanta): Lava Beds National Monument (W. R. Hotchkiss) Hydrogeology, Pulaski, Wilcox, Crisp, Dooly, Lee, Colorado (w, Denver): and Sumter Counties (R. C. Vorhis) Ground water: River-systems studies (A. N. Cameron) Baca and southern Prowers Counties (L. A. Statewide special studies (A. N. Cameron, H. B. Hershey) Counts) Bent County (J. H. Irwin) Ground water: High Plains of Colorado (A. J. Boettcher) Floyd and Polk Counties (C. W. Cressler) WATER RESOURCES, GEORGIA MARYLAND A247

Water resources Continued Water resources Continued Georgia Continued Kansas Continued Ground water--Continued Ground water Continued Gordon, Murray, and Whitfield Counties (C. W. Hamilton County (H. E. McGovern) Cressler) Jefferson County (J. D. Winslow) Water resources: Johnson County (H. G. O'Connor) Colquitt County (E. A. Zimmerman) Kearny County (H. E. McGovern) Liberty County, Riceboro area (G. D. Tasker) Montgomery County (H. G. O'Connor) Guam: Pratt County (D. W. Lay ton) Water resources, Andersen Air Force Base, northern Rush County (J. McNellis) Guam (D. A. Davis, Honolulu, Hawaii) Water resources: Hawaii (w, Honolulu): Kansas Valley A b i 1 e n e to Kansas City (S. W. Water resources: Fader) Kauai, Waialeale, rainfall (M. M. Miller) Washington County (D. E. Miller) Maui, Lahaina area, reconnaissance (G. Yamanaga) Kentucky (w, Louisville): Maui, Wailuku area, reconnaissance (G. Yamanaga) Ground water: Oahu: Hydrology of buried Pennsylvanian channel sand­ Pearl Harbor area, ground-water study (R. H. stone (R. W. Davis) Dale) Jackson Purchase area (R. W. Davis) Pearl Harbor area, recharge investigations Water resources: (G. H. Hirashima) Bowling Green area (T. W. Lambert) Waianae area (K. J. Takasaki) Lexington-Fayette County (D. S. Mull) Idaho (w, Boise, except as noted otherwise): Mammoth Cave area (R. V. Cushman) Ground water, Kooskia National Fish Hatchery, water Tradewater River basin (H. F. Grubb, P. D. Ryder) supply (A. H. Harder) Louisiana (w, Baton Rouge, except as noted otherwise): Hydrology, Upper Malad River basin (E. J. Pluhowski, Tangipahoa-Tchefuncta River basins (D. J. Nyman) W) Ground water: Surface water, Bruneau River basin, systems gaging Avoyelles Parish (J. R. Marie) (H. C. Riggs, W) Evangeline and Jasper aquifer, southwest part Water resources: (M. S. Whitfield) Bear River basin, Idaho part (N. P. Dion) Gramercy area (C. Kilburn) Big Lost River basin (E. G. Crosthwaite, C. A. Hydrology of the Red River valley (M. S. Bedinger, Thomas) Little Rock, Ark.) Craters of the Moon National Monument, water Lower Red River valley (M. S. Bedinger, Little supply for Cottonwood Canyon Campground site Rock, Ark.) (R. F. Norvitch, R. R. Bell) Morehouse parish (T. H. Sanford) Goose Creek-Rock Creek area(E. G. Crosthwaite) Norco area (P. B. Bieber) Little Lost River basin (H. A. Waite, S. O. Decker) Water resources: Raft River basin (E. H. Walker, S. O. Decker) Amite-Tickfaw River basins (M. D. Winner, Jr.) Rathdrum Prairie-Spokane Valley aquifer inflow Lake Pontchartrain study (G. T. Cardwell) (C. A. Thomas) Little River basin (M. W. Gaydos) Snake River inflow, Milner to King Hill (C. A. Ouachita Parish (J. E. Rogers) Thomas) Plaquemine-White Castle area (C. D. Whiteman, Indiana (w, Indianapolis): Jr.) Analog model, Columbus area (F. A. Watkins, Jr.) Pointe Coupee Parish (M. D. Winner, Jr.) Ground water, Wabash River basin (R. A. Petti John) Site studies (R. L. Hosman) Upper White River Basin (L. W. Cable) Southwestern part (A. H. Harder, S. M. Rogers) Iowa (w, Iowa City): Maine (w, Augusta): Ground water, availability, south-central part (J. W. Ground water: Cagle) Lower Androscoggin basin (G. C. Prescott) Southeast part, water atlas (R. W. Coble) Lower Kennebec basin (G. C. Prescott) Kansas (w, Lawrence): Maryland (w, Towson, except as noted otherwise): Analysis of hydrologic data (J. M. McNellis) Ground water: Electrical analog model studies of areal hydrologic Assateague Island National Seashore (E. F. Holly- problems (J. D. Winslow) day) Streamflow variability (C. V. Burns) Evaluation of Magothy aquifer, Annapolis rrea Ground water: (F. K. Mack, Annapolis) Northwestern part (E. D. Jenkins) Exploration of Salisbury paleochannel(J. M. Southwestern part (H. E. McGovern) Weigle) Atchison County (J. R. Ward) Sedimentary rocks, occurrence of ground water, Cherokee County (W. J. Seevers) coastal plain (H. J. Hansen, w, State employee, Doniphan County (C. K. Bayne) Baltimore) Ellsworth County (C. K. Bayne) Susquehanna River basin (P. R. Seaber, w, Harris- Finney County (W. R. Meyer) burg, Pa.)

318-835 O - 68 - 17 A248 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Water resources Continued Water resources Continued Maryland- - Continued Mississippi Continued Water resources: Water resources: Crystalline rocks, occurrence of ground water, Amite, Franklin, Lincoln, Pike, an-} Wilkinson Piedmont area (L. J. Nutter) Counties (R. Newcome) Georges Creek basin, a corner of Appalachia (D. Clarke, Jasper, Lauderdale, Newton, Scott, and O'Bryan, w, W) Smith Counties (E. H. Boswell) Lower Bay Counties (Calvert, Charles, and St. Harrison County (D. E. Shattles) Marys) (J. M. Weigle) Jackson County (D. E. Shattles) Remote sensing on Delmarva Peninsula (E. F. Lee County (B. E. Wasson) Hollyday) Natchez Trace Parkway, investigations along Massachusetts (w, Boston): (F. H. Thomson) Ground water: South-central Mississippi (R. E. Taylor) Boston, central area (J. E. Cotton) Washington County (R. E. Taylor) Cape Cod National Seashore (R. G. Petersen) Missouri (w, Rolla, except as noted otherwise): Water resources: Ground water, Missouri River alluvium (L. F. Em- Charles River basin (E. H. Walker) mett) Deerfield-Hoosic River basins (L. G. Toler) Water resources: Neponset-Weymouth River basins (W. R. Meyer) Joplin area (E. J. Harvey) Taunton River basin (J. R. Williams) Northeast Missouri (E. E. Gann) Michigan (w, Lansing): St. Louis, St. Charles, and Jefferson Counties Hydrology of river-based recreation (G. E. Hendrick- (H. G. Jeffery) son) White River basin (G. M. Hogenson, Little Rock, Ground water: Ark.) Houghton-Keweenaw Counties (G. E. Hendrickson) Montana (w, Helena): Oakland County (F. R. Twenter) Ground water: Ontonagon County (G. E. Hendrickson) Central Powder River valley (W. R. Miller) Tri-county area (K. E. Vanlier) Eastern Judith Basin (R. D. Feltis) Water resources: Kalispell Valley (D. L. Coffin) Grand River basin (K. E. Vanlier) Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (W. B. Kalamazoo County (J. B. Miller) Hopkins) River basins in southeastern Michigan (R. L. Ravalli County, Bitterroot Valley (R. G. Knutilla) McMurtrey) Minnesota (w, St. Paul): Tobacco and Upper Stillwater River valleys (D. L. Hydrogeology, Twin Cities metropolitan area (H. O. Coffin) Reeder) Two Medicine, Badger-Fisher, and Birch Creek Hydrologic parameters controlling recreational use Irrigation Units (R. G. McMurtrey) of Minnesota rivers (R. F. Brown) Water supplies for national parks, monuments, and Ground water: recreation areas (C. H. Carstens, R. D. Feltis, Geology and water-bearing characteristics of and D. L. Coffin) glacial deposits, northeastern Minnesota (T. C. Wiota-Wolf Point Irrigation Unit (W. B. Hopkins) Winter) Yellowstone River basin, Billings to Park City Ground water at St. James (J. O. Helgesen) (E. F. Pashley, Jr.) Ground water for irrigation near Brooten (W. A. Nebraska (w, Lincoln): Van Voast) Water in Nebraska (R. Bentall) Ground water for irrigation near Perham (H. O. Water resources of Polk County (C. F. Keech) Reeder) Nevada (w, Carson City): Ground water for irrigation near Wadena (G. F. Water resources: Lindholm) Big Smoky Valley (F. E. Rush and C. V. Schroer) Water-resources reconnaissance of watershed units: Butte Valley (P. A. Glancy) Blue Earth River (W. A. Van Voast) Columbus Salt Marsh-Soda Spring Valley area Buffalo River (R. W. Maclay) (A. S. Van Denburgh) Cottonwood River (W. A. Van Voast) East Walker Antelope Valley area (P. A. Glancy) Crow Wing River (G. F. Lindholm) Granite Springs Valley area (P. A. Glancy, A. S. Hawk Creek (W. A. Van Voast) Van Denburgh) Kettle River (G. F. Lindholm) Hualapai Flat (J. R. Harrill, P. L. So\ile) Lower St. Croix River (G. F. Lindholm) Lower Moapa-Lake Mead area (F. E. Rush) Otter Tail River (T. C. Winter) Mason Valley (C. J. Huxel, Jr.) Red Lake River (L. E. Bidwell) Mesquite and Ivanpah Valleys (P. A. Glancy) Redwood River (W. A. Van Voast) Paradise Valley (J. R. Harrill, D. O. Moore) Snake River (G. F. Lindholm) Pilot Creek Valley area (A. S. Van T-mburgh and Wild Rice River (R. W. Maclay) P. A. Glancy) Yellow Medicine River (W. A. Van Voast) Snake River drainage area (D. O. Moore, T. E. Mississippi (w, Jackson): Eakin) Ground water at Mississippi Test Facility (R. New- Virgin River Valley area (P. A. Glancy) come) WATER RESOURCES, NEW HAMPSHIRE OREGON A249

Water resources--Continued Water resources Continued New Hampshire (w, Boston, Mass.): New York Continued Ground water, Ashuelot River basin (H. A. Whitcomb) Water resources Continued New Jersey (w, Trenton): Lake Ontario plain (W. A. Hobba, Jr.) Geohydrology, Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer Long Island, western, preliminary water-budget system (H. E. Gill, D. Langmuir) analysis (O. L. Franke, Mineola) Ground water: Mohawk River basin (W. G. Weist, Jr.) Water-level fluctuations, 1963-67 (J. H. Nakao) New York, except Long Island (I. H. Kantrowitz) Cam den County, geology and ground-water re­ Oswego River basin, western (L. J. Grain) sources (E. Donsky) St. Lawrence River basin (G. L. Giese) Cumberland County (J. G. Rooney) Susquehanna River basin (R. D. MacNish) Essex County (W. D. Nichols) Western New York region (R. A. Gardner) Hackensack River basin (L. D. Carswell) North Carolina (w, Raleigh): Ocean County (H. R. Anderson) Ground water: Passaic County (L. D. Carswell) Blue Ridge Parkway (A. T. Long) Ramapo River basin (J. Vecchioli) Craven County (E. O. Floyd) Union County (B. Nemickas) New Hanover County (G. L. Bain) Wharton Tract (E. C. Rhodehamel) Surface water, low-flow and water-availability studies New Mexico (w, Albuquerque): (J. F. Turner) Ground water: Water resources of Great Smoky Mountains National Canoncito Navajo Day School (G. C. Doty) Park (E. F. Hubbard) Capitan Reef (W. L. Hiss) North Dakota (w, Bismarck): DeBaca County (W. A. Mourant) Ground water: Dulce Canyon (J. W. Shomaker) Benson and Pierce Counties (P. G. Randich) Fort Wingate (J. W. Shomaker) Burke and Mountrail Counties (C. A. Armstrong) Gallup-Tohatchi area (J. B. Cooper) Grand Forks County (T. E. Kelly) Grant County (F. D. Trauger) McLean County (R. L. Klausing) Harding County (F. D. Trauger) Mercer and Oliver Counties (M. G. Croft) Los Alamos water supply (W. D. Purtymun) Nelson and Walsh Counties (J. S. Downey) Malaga Bend area (J. S. Havens) Renville and Ward Counties (W. A. Pettyjohn) McMillan delta area (J. S. Havens) Stark and Hettinger Counties (H. Trapp, Jr.) Roswell basin, Chaves and Eddy Counties, quan­ Traill County (H. Jensen) titative analysis of the ground-water system Wells County (F. J. Buturla, Jr.) (G. E. Welder) Williams County (C. A. Armstrong) Silver City area (F. C. Koopman) Ohio (w, Columbus, except as noted otherwise): White Sands Missile Range, ground-water explo­ Ground water: ration (G. C. Doty) Lower Great Miami River basin (A. M. Spieker, White Sands Missile Range, water levels and W) pumpage (F. E. Busch) Mill Creek valley, analog model study (R. E. Hydrologic investigations: Fidler) Alamogordo-Acme, Pecos River (F. C. Koopman) Northeastern part, geological logging in limestone Gila River (J. D. Hudson) areas (S. E. Norris) Pojoaque River system (F. D. Trauger) Northeastern part, principal aquifers (J. L. Ra\i) San Juan River valley (W. A. Mourant) Springfield area, infiltration study (S. E. Norris) New York (w, Albany, except as noted otherwise): Oklahoma (w, Oklahoma City, except as noted otherwise): Ground water: Ground water: Orange-Ulster Counties (M. H. Frimpter) Arkansas and Verdigris River valleys (H. H. Queens County (J. Soren, Mineola) Tanaka) Suffolk County, mid-island area (J. Soren, Beaver County (R. B. Morton) Mineola) Cimarron County (D. B. Sapik) Syracuse area (I. H. Kantrowitz) Ground-water hydrology of alluvial valleys of Ar­ Surface water: kansas and Verdigris Rivers (M. S. Bedinger, Dutchess County (G. Ayer) Little Rock, Ark.) Gazetteer of streams (F. L. Robison) Interpretation of records and requests (J. H. Irwin) Oswego River basin, eastern (R. A. Gardner) Hydrology, Platt National Park (D. L. Hart, Jr.) Upland basins, central New York (R. D. MacNish) Water resources: Water resources: Ardmore and Sherman quadrangles, south-central Allegheny River basin (M. H. Frimpter) Oklahoma (D. L. Hart, Jr.) Black River basin (R. M. Waller) Fort Smith quadrangle, central-eastern Oklahoma Central New York region (W. G. Weist, Jr.) (M. V. Marcher) Champlain-Upper Hudson basin (G. L. Giese) Oregon (w, Portland): Crown Point Fish Hatchery vicinity (I. H. Ground water: Kantrowitz) Clatsop Plains area (F. J. Frank) Genesee River basin (B. K. Gilbert) Lower Santiam River basin (D. Helm) Lake Erie-Niagara area (A. M. LaSala, Jr.) Medford quadrangle, availability (J. H. Robison) A250 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Water resources--Continued Water resources--Continued Oregon Continued South Dakota Continued Ground water Continued Water resources Continued Molalla-Salem slope area (E. R. Hampton) City of Sioux Falls, analog model study (E. A. Water resources: Ackroyd) Crater Lake National Park, appraisal (F. J. Frank) Douglas and Charles Mix Counties (J. Kume) Lower Silvies basin, Harney County, (A. R. Mt. Rushmore National Memorial (J. E. Powell) Leonard) Tennessee (w, Nashville): Willamette Basin, availability and appraisal of Water resources: water resources (A. R. Leonard) Center Hill Lake region (J. W. Wilson) Pennsylvania (w, Harrisburg, except as noted otherwise): Memphis area (J. H. Criner, Jr.) Coordination of estuarine remote sensing in the At­ Stones River basin, upper (G. K. Moore) lantic coast region (R. W. Paulson, Philadel­ Texas (w, Austin, except as noted otherwise): phia) Ground water: Gazetteer of Pennsylvania streams (W. F. Busch) Changes in water levels in alluvium of the Rio Remote sensing of the Delaware estuary (R. W. Paul- Grande, El Paso-Juarez (E. R. Leggat) son, Philadelphia) Aransas County (G. H. Shafer) Ground water: Bastrop County (C. R. Follett) Lackawanna County (J. R. Hollowell) Blanco County (C. R. Follett) Lancaster County, carbonate rocks (H. Meisler) Brazoria County (J. B. Wesselman) Loysville quadrangle (H. E. Johnston) Cass County (M. E. Broom) Luzerne County, Wyoming Valley (J. R. Hollowell) Chambers County (J. B. Wesselman) Martinsburg Shale, Lehigh and Northampton Chamizal National Monument, irrigation supply Counties (C. W. Poth) well (E. R. Leggat) Mifflintown quadrangle (H. E. Johnston) Collingsworth County (J. T. Smith) Susquehanna River basin (P. R. Seaber) Dickens County (J. G. Cronin) Water resources of Lehigh County (C. R. Wood) Donley County (B. P. Popkin) Puerto Rico (w, San Juan): El Paso area, continuing quantitative studies (M. E. Water resources: Davis) Coamo area (E. V. Giusti) Floyd County (J. T. Smith) Jobos area (N. E. McClymonds) Fort Bend County (J. B. Wesselman) Juana Dlaz area (E. V. Giusti) Galveston County continuing quantitative studies Ponce area (N. E. McClymonds) (R. K. Gabrysch) Rhode Island (w, Boston, Mass.): Gregg County (M. E. Broom) Water resources: Houston district, continuing quantitative studies Branch River basin (J. B. Gonthier) (R. K. Gabrysch) Lower Pawcatuck River basin (J. B. Gonthier) Jefferson County (J. B. Wesselman) South Carolina (w, Columbia): Jim Wells County (G. H. Shafer) Ground water: Johnson County (G. L. Thompson) Coastal plain: Kent County (J. G. Cronin) Northeastern part, geology and ground-water Kerr County (R. D. Reeves) resources (G. E. Siple) Kimble County (W. H. Alexander, Jr.) Subsurface geology and hydrology (G. E. Siple) Kleberg County (G. H. Shafer) Piedmont, alluvial aquifers (G. E. Siple) Marion County (M. E. Broom) Water resources: Montgomery County (B. P. Popkin) Pickens County (F. A. Johnson) Motley County (J. T. Smith) Spartanburg County (W. M. Bloxham) Navarro County (G. L. Thompson) South Dakota (w, Huron): Ogallala Formation, southern High Plains, Texas Ground water: and New Mexico (J. G. Cronin) Eastern part of State, basic research (E. F. Orange County and adjacent area, continuing LeRoux) ground-water studies (G. D. McAdoo) Studies of artesian wells and selected shallow San Antonio area, continuing quantitative studies aquifers (D. G. Adolphson) (P. L. Rettman) Brown County (N. C. Koch) Trans-Pecos area, continuing regional ground- Campbell County (N. C. Koch) water studies (M. E. Davis) Crow Creek and Lower Brule Indian Reservation Upshur County (M. E. Broom) (L. W. Howells) Val Verde County (R. D. Reeves) Marshall County (N. C. Koch) Ward County (D. E. White) Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (M. J. Ellis) Washington County (W. M. Sandeen) Rosebud Indian Reservation (M. J. Ellis) Wheeler County (M. L. Maderak) Water resources: Winkler County, reappraisal of ground-water con­ Eastern part, hydrology of glacial drift in selected ditions (R. D. Reeves) drainage basins, Big Sioux Basin from Sioux Hydrologic investigations: Falls to Brookings County line (M. J. Ellis) Big Bend NationalPark, availability of water (E. R. Bon Homme County (D. G. Jorgensen) Leggat) WATER RESOURCES, TEXAS OTHER COUNTRIES A251

Water resources--Continued Water resources Continued Texas Continued Washington Continued Hydrologic investigations Continued Water resources: Red River valley (M. S. Bedinger, Little Rock, Colville River basin (W. R. Scott) Ark.) Coulee Dam National Recreation Area (H. W. Small-watershed hydrology: Anderson) Calaveras Creek (J. T. Smith) Puget Sound and adjacent waters (J. R. Mount) Cow Bayou (W. B. Mills) West Virginia (w, Charleston): Escondido Creek (W. H. Goines) Water resources, Little Kanawha River basin (G. L. Green Creek (B. B. Hampton) Bain) Pin Oak Creek (J. T. Smith) Wisconsin (w, Madison): Utah^w, Salt Lake City): Water resources: Domestic water supply at Cedar Breaks National Central Wisconsin (E. A. Bell) Monument (C. T. Sumsion) Chippewa River basin (H. L. Young) Ground water: Fox (Illinois) River basin (R. D. Hutchinson) Statewide ground-water conditions (R. M. Cordova) Lake Michigan basin (R. D. Cotter) Cache Valley (L. J. Bjorklund) Milwaukee River basin (R. D. Hutchinson) Golden Spike National Historical Site (D. Price) Pine-Popple River basin (E. L. Oakes) Sanpete Valley (G. B. Robinson, Jr.) Rock-Fox River basins (R. D. Cotter) Upper Fremont River valley (L. J. Bjorklund) St. Croix River basin (H. L. Young) Utah Valley, southern part (R. M. Cordova) Statewide (F. C. Dreher) Hydrologic reconnaissance: Wyoming (w, Cheyenne, except as noted otherwise): Curlew Valley (E. L. Bolke) Laramie, Shirley, and Hanna Basins, reconnaissance Deep Creek Valley (J. W. Hood) (M. E. Lowry) Grouse Creek Valley (J. W. Hood) Ground water: Rush Valley (J. W. Hood) Black Fork picnic area (E. R. Cox) Sink Valley area (D. Price) Campbell County (W. G. Hodson) Water resources: Green River structural basin, reconnaissance Heber-Kamas-Park City area (C. H. Baker, Jr.) (G. E. Welder) National parks, monuments, and historical sites Natrona County (M. A. Crist) (C. T. Sumsion) Wind River Indian Reservation (L. J. McGreevy) Salt Lake County (A. G. Hely) Hydrology: Spanish Valley area (C. T. Sumsion) East Fork area near Boulder (D. J. O'Cornell, Vermont (w, Boston, Mass.): Riverton) Ground water, statewide reconnaissance (A. L. Evaluation of remote-sensing data (E. R. Cox) Hodges) Water Resources: Virgin Islands (w, San Juan, Puerto Rico): Grand Teton National Park (E. R. Cox) Water resources: Yellowstone National Park (E. R. Cox) St. Croix (D. G. Jordan) Other countries: St. John (O. J. Cosner) Afghanistan, surface water, national program (A. O. St. Thomas (D. G. Jordan, O. J. Cosner) Westfall, w, Kabul) Virgin Islands National Park (O. J. Cosner) Australia, well sites on Northwest Cape (D. A. Davis, Virginia (w, Richmond, except as noted otherwise): w, Honolulu, Hawaii) Ground water: Brazil: Eastern Shore Peninsula (A. Sinnott) Hydrogeology, northeastern part (W. C. Sinclair, Northern Neck Peninsula (A. Sinnott) w, Recife) Spotsylvania County (S. Subitzky) Surface water: Storage of fresh water in brackish water aquifer Northeastern part (W. F. Curtis, w, Recife) (D. L. Brown, Norfolk) National program (G. N. Mesnier, w, Rio de Washington (w, Tacoma): Janeiro) Ground water: Ethiopia, ground water, national program (J. R. Jores, Adams, Franklin, and Grant Counties (J. W. w, Addis Ababa) Bingham) Korea, ground-water investigation in Han River besin Federal Way area (D. R. Cline) (J. T. Callahan, w, Seoul) Grant, Adams, and Franklin Counties, recharge Nepal, surface water, nationwide investigations (W. W. (G. E. Maddox) Evett, w, Katmandu) Hydrology and development, east-central part Nigeria: (J. E. Luzier) Ground water, national program (D. A. Phoenix, w, Island County (H. W. Anderson, Jr.) W) Klickitat County, central (J. E. Luzier) Hydrogeology: Mason County (D. Molenaar) Chad Basin (G. C. Tibbitts, Jr., Maiduguri) Odessa area, optimum ground-water withdrawal Sokoto Basin (H. R. Anderson, w, W) rate (A. A. Garrett) Surface water: Olympic National Park (K. L. Walters) Eastern part (E. Lucero, w, Enugu) Spokane County, northern (D. R. Cline) Northern part (B. E. Colson, w, Kano) A252 INVESTIGATIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE GEOLOGIC, WATER RESOURCES, AND CONSERVATION DIVISIONS

Water resources--Continued Waterpower classification--Continued Other countries Continued C alifornia Continued Okinawa, sedimentation investigation, northern part San Gabriel River waterpower resources (S. R. Os- (S. S. W. Chinn, w, M) borne, c, Sacramento) Pakistan, hydrologic investigations related to water­ Small reservoir sites (K. W. Sax, c, Sacramento) logging and salinity control in the Punjab region Stanislaus River (S. R. Osborne, c, Sacramento) (H, A. Waite, w, Lahore) Colorado: Waterpower classification: Waterpower resources of Cache La Poudre and Alaska: Thompson Rivers and St. Vrain Creek (V. C. Kakhonak River (J. B. Dugwyler, c, Tacoma, Wash.) Indermuhle, c, D) Lake Clark region: Clear Creek basin (W. C. Senkpiel, c, D) Kijik River (J. D. Simpson III, c, W) Eagle River (V. C. Indermuhle, c, D) Kontrashibuna Lake (J. P. McDonald, c, Tacoma, Upper Gunnison River basin (H. D. Tefft, Jr., c, D) Wash.) Montana: Tazimina River and Lake (J. D. Simpson III, c, W) Clark Fork River (J. P. McDonald, c, Tacoma, Wash.) Maksoutof River and Lake (J. P. McDonald, c, Tacoma, Thompson River (J. P. McDonald, c, Tacoma, Wash.) Wash.) New Mexico: Miscellaneous damsites, Fairbanks, Prince William Waterpower resources of Pecos River (H. D. Tefft, Sound, and Skagway regions: Jr., c, D) Nellie Juan dam site (G. C. Giles, c, Tacoma, Waterpower resources of Rio Tularosa (L. E. Pease, Wash.) c, W) Shovel Creek damsite (G. C. Giles, c, Tacoma, Oregon: Wash.) Deschutes River basin (J. L. Colbert, c, Portland) West Creek damsite (G. C. Giles, c, Tacoma, North Umpqua River basin (L. L. Young, c, Portland) Wash.) Waterpower resources of Siuslaw River (J. L. Colbert, Newhalen River (J. B. Dugwyler, c, Tacoma, Wash.) c, Portland) Spur Mountain, Syee, and Eagle Lakes powersites, Wyoming: southeastern Alaska (J. E. Callahan, and A. A. Big Horn River (G. C. Giles, c, Tacoma, Wash.) Wanek, c, Anchorage) Wind River basin (J. D. Simpson III, c, W) Vodopod River (J. P. McDonald, c, Tacoma, Wash.) Zeolites: Arizona, waterpower resources of Arizona (H. D. Tefft, Southeastern California (R. A. Sheppard, D) Jr., c, D) Zinc. See Lead and zinc. California: Background, power appendix, California framework study, Pacific Southwest Interagency Commis­ sion (K. W. Sax, c, Sacramento) CONTENTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968, CHAPTERS B, C, AND D Listed below are the contents of Professional Papers 600-B, -C, and -D, comprising 132 papers, many of which are cited in the preceding pages. References to the papers are given in the text in the following form: Desborough and Rose (p. B1-B5); the chapter is identified by the letter preceding the page number.

CHAPTER B

GEOLOGIC STUDIES

Mineralogy and petrology Page X-ray and chemical analysis of orthopyroxenes from the lower part of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, by G. A. Desborough and H. J. Rose, Jr______.______.______Bl Occurrence and composition of biotites from the Cartridge Pass pluton of the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, by F. C. W. Dodge and J. G. Moore______6 Phosphate nodules from the Wills Point Formation, Hop kins County, Tex., by Charles Milton and A. P. Bennison____ 11 Intrusive rocks of north-central Puerto Rico, by A. E. Nelson.______16 Serpentinization in a sheared serpentinite lens, Tiburon Peninsula, Calif., by N. J Page______21 The source of travertine in the Creede Formation, San Juan Mountains, Colo., by T. A. Steven and Irving Friedman__ 29 Laminar flowage in a Pliocene soda rhyolite ash-flow tuff, Lake and Harney Counties, Oreg., by G. W. Walker and D. A. Swanson.______37 Rhabdophane from a rare-earth occurrence, Valley County, Idaho, by J. W. Adams_____----__---__--______48 Petrography Precambrian rocks penetrated by the deep disposal well at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Adams County, Colo., by C. T. Wruckeand D. M. Sheridan...______...______.___ 52 Economic geology Localization and control of uranium deposits in the southern San Juan basin mineral belt, New Mexico An hypothesis, byH. C. Granger...... _.__..__..___...... _...... -....-._-.._--._-_.-.-_- 60 Isotope geology Radioelement composition of surface soil in Adams County, Colo., by C. M. Bunker and C. A. Bush ___._.____._. 71 Application of coincidence counting to neutron activation analysis, by L. P. Greenland.______76 Geophysics Thickness of valley fill in the Jordan Valley east of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, by Ted Arnow and R. E. Mattick___._ 79 Seismic-refraction studies of the Loveland Basin landslide, Colorado, by R. D. Carroll, F. T. Lee, J. H. Scott, and C. S. Robinson___-___.______--.___-..___--___-.--___-_____-_--__--_------_------_------83 Gravity anomalies in the Ruby Mountains, northeastern Nevada, by J. F. Gibbs, Ronald Willden, and J. E. Carlson.. 88 Hawaiian seismic events during 1965, by R. Y. Koyanagi______-______-_------_------_------95 Geochemistry Determination of palladium and platinum in rocks, by F. S. Grimaldi and M. M. Schnepfe.____-_-___-____---_----_ 99 Origin of the sodium sulfate deposits of the northern Great Plains of Canada and the United States, by I. G. Grossman. 104 Copper, strontium, and zinc content of U.S. Geological Survey silicate rock standards, by Claude Huffman, Jr.______110 Concentration and minor element association of gold in ore-related jasperoid samples, by T. G. Lovering, H. W. Lakin, and A. E. Hubert...... ___...___...___..____._.___..___...... ____...... H2 Spectrochemical analysis of stream waters in geochemical prospecting, north-central Colorado, by E. C. Mallory, Jr 115

A253 254 CONTENTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968, CHAPTERS B, C, AND D

Analytical methods page Use of the diffracted-beam monochronator in X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, by J. W. Hosterman ______B117 Determination of micro amounts of cesium in geologic materials, by Wayne Mountjoy and J. S. Wahlberg______119 Atomic absorption determination of tsllurium, by H. M. Nakagawa and C. E. Thompson ______123 Automatic sample changer for atomic absorption spectrophotometry, by Leonard Shapiro and C. J. MassonL______126 Rapid analysis for gold in geologic materials, by C. E. Thompson, H. M. Nakagawa, and G. H. VanSickle ______130 Paleontology Schwagerina crassitectoria Dunbar an d Skinner, 1937, a fusulinid from the upper part of the Wichita Group, Lowe*1 Per­ mian, Coleman County, Tex., by D. A. Myers__-______---_-_-____------_---_------133

Structural geology and stratigraphy Recent fault scarps in Independence Valley near Tuscarora, Elko County, Nev., by R. R. Coats______140 Late Tertiary syncline in the southern Absaroka Mountains, Wyo., by F. S. Fisher and K. B. Ketner______144

Geomorphology and Pleistocene geology Cypress Bayou, Grand Prairie region, Arkansas An example of stream alienation, by M. S. Bedinger______148 Geology and radiocarbon ages of late Pleistocene lacustrine clay deposits, southern part of San Joaquin Valley, Calif., by M. G. Croft______.______151 Tree-throw origin of patterned ground on beaches of the ancient Champlain Sea near Plattsburgh, N.Y., by C. S. Denny and J. C. Goodlett____------_---______157

Sedimentation Quality control of adjustment coefficients used in sediment studies, by H. P. Guy______165 Origin of Ordovician quartzite in the Cordilleran miogeosyncline, by K. B. Ketner.______169 Dark-mineral accumulations in beach and dune sands of Cape Cod and vicinity, by J. V. A. Trumbull and J. C. Hatl away. 178

TOPOGRAPHIC STUDIES Sketch map series Sketch map series for Antarctica, by W. R. MacDonald.____-___-__-______-_-_---_-----_---_-______185

HYDROLOGIC STUDIES Limnology and surface water Relation between land use and chemical characteristics of lakes in southwestern Orange County, Fla., by F. L. Pfischner_ _ 190 Reservoir effect on downstream water temperatures in the upper Delaware River basin, by O. O. Williams ______195

Ground water Preliminary assessment of ground water in the Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah, by R. D. Feltis______200 Double-mass-curve analysis of the effects of sewering on ground-water levels on Long Island, N.Y., by O. L. Franke.- 205 Temperature profiles in water wells as indicators of bedrock fractures, by F. W. Trainer.______210

Relation between surface water and ground water Relation of channel width to vertical permeability of streambed, Big Sandy Creek, Colo., by D. L. Coffin______-__- 215

Land subsidence Analysis of stresses causing land subsidence, by B. E. Lofgren______---_---__-_------219

Hydrologic instrumentation Neutron moisture measurements by continuous- and point-logging procedures, by R. C. Prill and W. R. Meyer _ ___ 226 CONTENTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1068, CHAPTERS B, C, AND D 255

CHAPTER C

GEOLOGIC STUDIES

Economic geology page Occurrence of refractory clay in Randolph County, W. Va., by K. J. Englund and H. J. Goett. ______Cl Mineralogy and petrology Texture and composition of outcropping phosphorite in the Turayf region, northern Saudi Arabia, by J. B. Cathcart__ 4 Albite-pyroxene-glaucophane schist from Valley Ford, Calif., by T. E. C. Keith and R. G. Coleman ______13 Chemistry of primary minerals and rocks from the Red Mountain-Del Puerto ultramafic mass, California, by G. R. Himmelberg and R. G. Coleman ______-_---______-_-____------_-______18 Refractive index of glass beads distinguishes Tertiary basalts in the Grays River area, southwestern Washington, by E. H. McKee______-______-______._____-__ 27 Problems of small-particle analysis with the electron microprobe, by N. J Page, L. C. Calk, and M. H. Carr______31 Mineralogy of a rutile- and apatite-bearing ultramafic chlorite rock, Harford County, Md., by D. L. Southwick. ______38 Quartz diorite-quartz monzonite and granite plutons of the Pasayten River area, Washington Petrology, age, and emplacement, by R. W. Tabor, J. C. Engels, and M. H. Staatz______-_-_-__------______-__.______45 Stratigraphy Permian and Pennsylvanian stratigraphy and nomenclature, Elk Mountains, Colo., by B. L. Bartleson, Bruce Bryant, and F. E. Mutschler______._ __ _-.______53 Zonal relations and paleomagnetism of the Spearhead and Rocket Wash Members of the Thirsty Canyon Tuff, southern Nevada, by D. C. Noble, G. D. Bath, R. L. Christiansen, and P. P. Orkild. ______61 Coincidence of fossil and lithologic zones in the lower part of Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale, Slick Rock district, Col­ orado, by D. R. Shawe-___--______--_--____-_------______-_------_------__-_---____-_- 66 Paleontology Foraminifera from the Clayton Formation (Paleocene) in southeastern Hardeman County, Term., by S. M. Herrick and D. R. Rima ______69 Stratigraphic paleontology of the Barstow Formation in the Alvord Mountain area, San Bernardino County, Calif., by G. E. Lewis ______75 Geochronology Basement-rock geochronology of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison, Colo., by W. R. Hansen and Z. E. Peterman. ______80 Precambrian geochronology of the northwestern Uncompahgre Plateau, Utah and Colorado, by C. E. Hedge, Z. E. Peterman, J. E. Case, and J. D. Obradovich_------_-___--_---___--_------______91 Geochemistry Organic geochemistry of Recent sediments in the Choctawatchee Bay area, Florida A preliminary report, by J. G. Palacas, V. E. Swanson, and A. H. Love. ______-----_-___-______-__-_-_---_-_-_--______97 Isotope geology A comparison of field and laboratory measurements of radium-equivalent uranium, thorium, and potassium by gamma-ray spectrometry, Ludlow, Calif., by C. M. Bunker, C. A. Bush, and J. T. O' Connor. ______107 Geophysics Spectral analysis of seismic measurements from explosions in southern Mississippi, by Roger Borcherdt. ______-_-_-- 113 Earthquakes from common sources beneath Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes in Hawaii from 1962 to 1965, by R. Y. ______--______--_--_-_-_--______--_-_-__-_--_-_-______120 Volcanology Recent volcanic activity on Augustine Island, Alaska, by R. L. Detterman ______126 Geomorphology A postglacial mudflow of large volume in the La Paz Valley, Bolivia, by Ernest Dobrovolny ______130 The Troy Valley of southeastern Wisconsin, by J. H. Green ______135 High-level Quaternary beach deposits in northwestern Puerto Rico, by W. H . Monroe. ______140 Marine geology Geology of the Klamath River delta, California, by G. W. Moore and E. A. Silver. ______144 256 CONTENTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968, CHAPTERS B, C, AND D

Structural geology Page A transcurrent structure in Fayette and Greene Counties, Pa., by J. B. Roen______---_-_-__-_-_-______C149 Structural controls on streamflow in the North Fork River and Bryant Creek basins, Missouri, by John Skelton and E. J. Harvey_-_------_--__----_-_------_------153 Tertiary trough between the Arkansas and San Luis Valleys, Colo., by R. E. Van Alstine_-__-______158 Analytical methods Determination of gold, platinum, and palladium by a combined fire-assay, ion-exchange, and spectrochemical technique, by P. R. Barnett, D. L. Skinner, and Claude Huffman, Jr_-__-_------_------__- _ 161 A rapid method for measuring the Rb/Sr ratio in silicate rocks, by W. P. Doering______164 Remote sensing A photomosaic of western Peru from Gemini photography, by J. A. MacKaUor...______169 Cartographic techniques Determination of rectangular coordinates for map projections Modification of basic formulas and application to com­ puter plotting, by Donald Plouff______-__--_-_____----__------_---_--_ -_ 174 "Cut-and-try" method for locating distant geologic features on topographic maps, by R. L. Sutton..-______._-____ 177

HYDROLOGIC STUDIES Ground water Regional draft-storage relations in west-central Alabama, by P. O. Jefferson._-_---_------_------_----_-----_--- 182 Notes on the geohydrology of the Dakota Sandstone, eastern North Dakota, by T. E. Kelly__.___-____--__-__-_-_-_ 185 Relation between aquifer constants and estimated stress on an artesian aquifer in eastern Montana, by O. J. T~ylor__ 192 Surface water Preliminary estimates of low-flow frequency interrelations for upstate New York streams, by R. M. Beall___-__-___-_ 196 Method of volume-diversion analysis of a stream, by M. R. Ceilings.____-_-_-_-_-_-______-_____-___-__-___-_ 199 The boundary conditions in the implicit solution of river transients, by Chintu Lai.______--____-__--__-__--_ 204 Hydrologic techniques Freeze-drying of organic matter, clays, and other earth materials, by R. L. Malcolm....-______.______.__-__--_ 211 Waste-disposal problems Hydrologic study of a waste-disposal problem in a karst area at Springfield, Mo., by E. J. Harvey and John Skelton___ 217 CONTENTS OP GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968, CHAPTERS B, C, AND D 257

CHAPTER D

HYDROLOGIC STUDIES Page Characteristics of the zone aeration Movement of moisture in the unsaturated zone in a dune area, southwestern Kansas, by R. C. Prill.______Dl Evaporation A suggested method for estimating evapotranspiration by native phreatophytes, by S. E. Rantz______10 Geochemistry of water Adsorption of traces of silver on sample containers, by T. T. Chao, E. A. Jenne, and L. M. Heppting______13 Prevention of adsorption of trace amounts of gold by containers, by T. T. Chao, E. A. Jenne, and L. M. Heppting-_ _ _ - _ 16 Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(V) pesticides III, The hydrolysis of aliphatic pesticides by aqueous solutions, by M. C. Goldberg, Harry Babad, Dennis Groothius, and H. R. Christianson______20 Evaluation of organic color and iron in natural surface waters, by W. L. Lamar______24 Sodium as a clue to direction of ground-water movement, Nevada Test Site, by S. L. Schoff and J. E. Moore______30 Geohydrologic dating December 1964, a 400-year flood in northern California, by E. J. Helley and V. C. LaMarche, Jr.______34 Submergence along the Atlantic coast of Georgia, by R. L. Wait______---____----_-_--_------_------38 Analytical studies of streamflow Computation of reaeration coefficients for a river system in northeastern New Jersey, by T. J Buchanan______42 Slope-discharge relations for eight rivers in the United States, by C. W. Carlston______45 The use of precipitation records for peak streamflow synthesis, -by E. D. Cobb______48 Flood height-frequency relations for the plains area in Missouri, by E. E Gann______52 An empirical formula for determining the amount of dye needed for time-of-travel measurements, by J. F. Wilson, Jr__ 54 Flood-flow characteristics of a rectified channel, Jackson, Miss., by K. V. Wilson.______57 Analysis of ground water characteristics Temperature variations of deep flowing wells in South Dakota, by D. G. Adolphson and E. F. LeRoux.______60 Thermal springs near Midway, Utah, by C. H. Baker, Jr.______1--____------_------63 Ground-water discharge toward Great Salt Lake through valley fill in the Jordan Valley, Utah, by R. W. Mower______71 A water-balance equation for the Rathdrum Prairie ground-water reservoir, near Spokane, Wash., by E. J. Pluhowski and C. A. Thomas______-_-_-__-______75 Glaciology Glacier outburst floods in the Pacific Northewst, by Donald Richardson.______----_------79 Sedimentation Field procedure for measuring settling characteristics of sediment samples, by G. L. Fitzpatrick and N. J. King-______87

GEOLOGIC STUDIES Structural geology and stratigraphy Geology of a part of north Victoria Land, Antarctica, by D. F. Crowder______-____------95 Isoclinal folding indicated by primary sedimentary structures in western Massachusetts, by N. L. Hatch, Jr _____ 108 Devonian paleotectonics in east-central Idaho and southwestern Montana, by W. J. Mapel and C. A. Sandberg-______115 The Bouse Formation (Pliocene) of the Parker-Blythe-Cibola area, Arizona and California, by D. G. Metzger _____ 126 Provenance of igneous rocks in Cretaceous conglomerates in northwestern Montana, by M. R. Mudge and R. /. Sheppard --_-______--___--_----_------137 The Kaltag fault, west-central Alaska, by W. W. Patton, Jr., and J. M. Hoare______-_--_------147 Base of the John Day Formation in and near the Horse Heaven mining district, north-central Oregon, by D. /. Swanson and P. T. Robinson______-----_------154 Lithofacies of Upper Ordovician rocks exposed between Maysville and Stanford, Ky., by G. W. Weir and J. H. Peck 162 Paleontology Late Pliocene lagomorphs of the San Pedro Valley, Ariz., by J. S. Downey______---_--_------169 258 CONTENTS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1968, CHAPTERS B, C, AND D

Economic geology Residual enrichment and supergene migration of gold, southeastern United States, by A. R. Kinkel, Jr., and F. G. Lesure__ _--______-_---_-_-______-______-______-_-_------_--_--_------174 Mineralogy and petrology Opaque minerals in drill cuttings from Meteor Crater, Ariz., by Robin Brett______-______-_-___---_----- 179 The updip termination of a large dike of Westerly Granite and the regional distribution of the Westerly and lTar- ragansett Pier Gianites in Rhode Island and Connecticut, by Tomas Feininger______--_____-______- 181 Palmer Gneiss An example of retrograde metamorphism along an unconformity, by J. E. Gair and G. C. Simmons. ___ _ 186 Serpentinite and rodingite in Hunting Hill quarry, Montgomery County, Md. A summary, by D. M. Larrabee___ 195 Accessory zircon from granitoid rocks of the Mount Wheeler mine area, Nevada, by D. E. Lee, T. W. Stern, R. E. Mays, and R. E. Van Loenen-___-______------_------197 Analytical methods Solving problems in phosphate mineralogy with the electron probe, by C. W. Mead and M. E. Mrose_____-_-___-____ 204 Atomic adsorption determination of cadmium in geologic materials, by H. M. Nakagawa and T. F. Harms ______207 Determination of rhodium in rocks, by M. M. Schnepfe and F. S. Grimaldi__-______--_------_---_----- 210 Determination of bromine and iodine by X-ray fluorescence, by J. S. Wahlberg and A. T. Myers______214 A temperature-controlled water bath for mineral solubility studies, by P. B. Hostetler and C. L. Christ. ______217 Marine geology Fossiliferous rocks from submarine canyons off the northeastern United States, by T. G. Gibson, J. E. Hazel, anH J. F. Mello______-______--__-_--_--_-_---_---.---_-- 222 Tortugas Terrace, a slip surface?, by Elazar Uchupi______.______-_____-_-_---_------_------231 Geomorphology The Carter Mountain landslide area, northwest Wyoming, by W. G. Pierce.____.______-__-____------.----- 235 Geochronology Potassium-argon ages of some igneous rocks in northern Stevens County, Wash., by R. G. Yates and J. C. EngeTs __ 242 Paleomagnetism Magnetization of the lowermost Keweenawan lava flows in the Lake Superior area, by K. G. Books ______248 Geophysics Seismic-refraction profiles across six canyons in the Wasatch Range near Salt Lake City, Utah, by R. E. Mattick______255 The effect of current leakage and electrode spacing errors on resistivity measurements, by A. A. R. Zohdy___-__-_-_- 258 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

A complete list of abstracts, papers, reports, and maps (exclusive of topographic maps) by U.S. Geological Survey authors and published or otherwise released to the public during fiscal year 1968 (July 1, 1967-June 30, 1968) is given below. Publications are listed alphabetically by senior author. Because many Geological Survey authors collaborate with colleagues from outside the Survey in the preparation of reports published both by the Survey and by cooperating agencies and of articles in technical journals, not all the senior authors of the putHca- tions listed below are members of the U.S. Geological Survey. Each citation is identified by an acquisition number that was used in computer compilation of the list (in the text, the first cipher of the numbers is replaced by the prefix "r"). References to this list are identified in the preceding text by author and acquisition number: for example, J. W. Adams (r0979). The list also includes a few publications that were not listed in "Geological Survey Research 1967" and earlier volumes.

Abel, John F., Jr. See Nichols, Thomas D., Jr. 01512 Alexander, W. H., Jr. See Anders, R. B. 01120 Abel, John F., Jr. See Lee, Fitzhugh T. 01574 Alfors, John T. See Mrose, Mary E. 01837 Adams, J. B. See Gault, D. E. 00668 00085 Alien, Howard E.; Mycyk, Roman T. Floods in Elwood quadrangle, northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-254, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. 00979 Adams, John W.; Fish, George E., Jr. Thorium and rare-earth metals, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 430- Alien, William B. See Rosenshein, J. S. 01106 435, illus., tables, 1968. 01774 Allingham, John W. Remanent magnetism of rhyolitic tuffs at Rainier Mesa, 00994 Adams, John W. Rhabdophane from a rare-earth occurrence, Valley County, Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 383, 1968. Idaho, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof Paper 600-B, p. B48-B51, illus., tables, 1968. 01633 Altenhofen, Robert E. Semianalytical aerotriangulation in quadrangle mapping: Preprint for Am. Soc. Photogrammetry, 34th Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968, 00242 Addicott, W. O. Zoogeographic evidence for late Tertiary lateral slip on the p. 4-19, 1968. San Andreas fault, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 593-D, p. D1-D12, illus., 1967. 01634 Altenhofen, Robert E. Operational use of semianalytical aerotrinngulation programs, in Symposium on computational photogrammetry, Washington, D. C., 00352 Addicott, Warren O. Age of the Skooner Gulch Formation, Mendocino County, 1967. California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-C, p. C1-C11, illus., 1967. 00586 Altschnler, Z. S.; Berman, Sol; Cnttitta, Frank. Rare earths in phosihorites 01714 Addicott, Warren O. Mid-Tertiary zoogeographic and paleogeographic Geochemistry and potential recovery, in Anatomy of the western phosphite field discontinuities across the San Andreas fault, California, in Proceedings of conference Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, p. 125-135, illus., tables, 1967. Sci., v. 11, p. 144-165, 1968. 00252 Amos, Dewey H. Geologic map of part of the Smithland quadrangle, Livingston Alarcon, Hngo. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 County, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-657, scale 1:24,000, sections, text, 1967. Albee, Arden L. See Sheridan, Douglas M. 00118 01887 Amos, Dewey H. Preliminary map showing faults in the Blackford quadrangle, western Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 196S". 00367 Albee, Howard F.; Jobin, Daniel A.; Schroeder, Marvin L. Northwesterly extension of the Darby thrust in the Snake River Range, Wyoming and Idaho, in 01120 Anders, R. B.; McAdoo, G. D.; Alexander, W. H., Jr. Ground-water resources Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- of Liberty County, Texas: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 72, 140 p., illus., tables, D, p. D1-D3, illus., 1967. 1968. 02185 Albee, Howard F. Geologic map of the Munger Mountain quadrangle, Tetoti 01500 Anders, Robert B. Reconnaissance of the water resources of the central and Lincoln Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-705, Guanajibo Valley, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 15 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01610 Albers, J. P. Topography of California: California Div. Mines and Geology Andersen, Bjorn G. See Ford, A. B. 01656 Mineral Inf. Service, v. 21, no. 5, p. 76-77, illus., revised 1968; originally published 1966. 01171 Anderson, A. T. Reduction of iron-titanium oxide phenocrysts during eruption of alkaline and subalkaline basaltic magmas [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., 01698 Albers, John P.; Kleinhampl, Frank J. Spatial relation of mineral deposits to v.49, no. 1, p. 352, 1968. Tertiary volcanic centers in Nevada [abs.]: Mining Eng., v. 19, no. 12, p. 41, 1967; Econ. Geology, v. 63, no. 1, p. 89-90, 1968. 01582 Anderson, A. T.; Greenland, L. Panl. Phosphorus fractionation A direct measure of the amount of crystallization of basaltic liquids [abs.]: Am. Geophys. 01750 Albers, John P.; Cornwall, Henry R. Revised interpretation of the stratigraphy Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 352, 1968. and structure of the Goldfield district, Esmeralda and Nye Counties, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 285, 1968. 01615 Anderson, A. T. Possible consequences of composition gradients in basalt glass adjacent to olivine phenocrysts [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, 00746 Albin, Doaald R.; Mines, Marion S.; Stephens, J. W. Water resources of Jackson p. 227, 1967. and Independence Counties, Arkansas: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-G, p. G1-G29, illus., tables, 1967.

A259 A260 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01254 Anderson, B. M. (compiler). Aeromagnetic map of the Beowawe and Carlin 00937 Arndt, Harold H.; Averitt, Pan); Dowd, James; Frendzel, Dons Id J.; Gallo, Phillip quadrangles. Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file A. Coal, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. Paper 580, p. 102-133, illus., tables, 1968.

00009 Anderson, C. A. Precambrian wrench fault in central Arizona, in Geological 00999 Arnow, Ted; Mattick, R. E. Thickness of valley fill in the Jordan Valley east Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C60- of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. C65, illus., 1967. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B79-B82, illus., 1968.

00562 Anderson, C. A.; Creasey, S. C. Geologic map of the Mingus Mountain 01869 Arteaga, F. E.; White, Natalie D.; Cooley, M. E.; Sutheiimr, A. F. Ground quadrangle, Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ- water in Paradise Valley, Maricopa County, Arizona: Arizona State Land Dept. 715, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. Water-Resources Rept. 35, 76 p., illus., 1968.

01255 Anderson, C. A. Preliminary geologic map of the SW 1/4 Mayer quadrangle, 00344 Averitt, Panl. Geologic map of the Kanarraville quadrangle. Iron County, Utah: Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-694, scale 1:24,000, sect'on, 1967.

00578 Anderson, Don L.; Kovach, Robert L. The composition of the terrestrial planets: Averitt, Panl. See Arndt, Harold H. 00937 Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 3, no. 1, p. 19-24, illus., tables, 1967. 01108 Averitt, Paul. Stripping-coal resources of the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey 00155 Anderson, H. R.; Ogilbee, W. Exploration for artesian water in the Sokoto basin. Bull. 1252-C, p. C1-C20, tables, 1968. Nigeria: Ground Water, v. 5, no. 3, p. 42-46, illus., 1967. 01417 Averitt, Panl. Total estimated remaining coal resources of the United States, 01344 Anderson, H. W., Jr. Ground-water resources of Island County, Washington, January 1, 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 sheet, 1968. with a section on quality of the ground water, by A. S. Van Denburgh: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 254 p., illus., 1967. Avrett, J. R. See Newton, J. G. 00172

01965 Anderson, John A. The Geological Survey and leasable minerals on Government Avrett.J. R. See Scott, J. C. 01872 land [abs.]: Am. Petroleum Inst. Drilling and Production Practice 1966, p. 202, 1967. 01155 Avrett, James R. A compilation of surface water quality data in Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Circ. 36, 574 p., 1966. Anderson, R. E. See Rogers, C. L. 00058 01039 Ayer, G. R.; Pauszek, F. H. Streams in Dutchess County, New York Their 01775 Anderson, R. E. Possible relationship between type of volcanic center and flow characteristics and water quality in relation to water problems: New York magnitude of hydrothermal alteration in southern Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Water Resources Comm. Bull. 63, 105 p., illus., tables, 1968. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 383-384, 1968. 01871 Ayer, Gordon R. Reforestation with conifers Its effect on streamflow in central 01776 Anderson, R. E.; Ekren, E. B. Widespread Miocene igneous rocks of intermediate New York: Water Resources Bull., v. 4, no. 2, p. 13-24, illus., 19<>8. composition, southern Nye County, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 384, 1968. Baars, D. L. See Poole, F. G. 00745 Anderson, R. E. See Ekren, E. B. 01785 02160 Babad, Harry; Washington, Herbert; Goldberg, M. C. Nuclear magnetic 00825 Anderson, W. L.; Evenden, G. L; Frischknecht, Frank C. Methods of calculating resonance studies of phosphorus (V) Pt. 1, Chemical shifts of protons as a means and verification of results, App. in Fields about an oscillating magnetic dipole over of identification of pesticides: Anal. Chim. Acta, v. 41, p. 259-26S, 1968. a two-layer earth, and application to ground and airborne electromagnetic surveys: Colorado School Mines Quart., v. 62, no. 1, p. 79-81, table, 1967. 02161 Babad, Harry; Taylor, T. M.; Goldberg, M. C. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus (V) Pt. 2, A rapid determination of the isomer ratio of Anderson, Warren. See Lichtler, W. F. 02200 systox: Anal. Chim. Acta, v. 41, p. 389-392, 1968. Andreasen, G. E. See Zietz, Isidore. 00698 00351 Bachman, George O.; Stotelmeyer, Ronald B. Mineral appraisal of the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. 01051 Andrews, George W. New names for late Pleistocene diatom species: Jour. Survey Bull. 1260-B, p. B1-B9, illus., 1967. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 244, 1968. 00776 Bachman, George O. Mineral appraisal of the Salt Creel area. Bitter Lake Angelo, Clifford G. See Feulner, Alvin J. 00031 National Wildlife Refuge, Chaves County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-A, p. A1-A10, illus., table, 1967. Annell, C. S. See Cuttitta, Frank. 01675 Back, William. See Hanshaw, Bruce B. 00460 00021 Annell, Charles. Spectrographic determination of volatile elements in silicates and carbonates of geologic interest, using an argon d-c arc, in Geological Survey 00638 Back, William; Hanshaw, Bruce B. Hydrogeology of the northern Yucatan research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C132-C136, illus., Peninsula, Mexico, in Yucatan field trip guidebook (2d edition) Geol. Soc. tables, 1967. America, 1967 Ann. Mtg., Field Trip 7: New Orleans, La., New Orleans Geol. Soc., p. 64-78, illus., tables, 1967. Annell, Charles. See Chapman, Dean R. 00664 Bailey, Andrew V. See Wayland, Russell G. 01635 01835 Appleman, D. E.; Stewart, D. B. Crystal chemistry of spodumene-type pyroxenes [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 5-6, 1968. Bailey, E. H. See Jones, D. L. 01686 Appleman, Daniel E. See Takeda, Hiroshi. 00841 00514 Bailey, Edgar H.; Barnes, John W.; Knpfer, Donald H. Geology and ore deposits Appleman, Daniel E. See Takeda, Hiroshi. 00842 of the Kure district, Kastamonu province, Turkey, in CENTO summer training program in geologic mapping techniques, Pt. 2: Beirut, Lebanon, Catholic Press, Appleman, Daniel E. See Clark, Joan R. 01174 p. 17-73, 1967. Applin, Esther R. See Applin, Paul L. 00237 Bailey, Edgar H. See Wollenberg, Harold A. 00682 00237 Applin, Paul L.; Applin, Esther R. The Gulf Series in the subsurface in northern 01389 Bailey, Norman G. Cinder Lake crater field location test: U.S. Geol. Survey Florida and southern Georgia: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 524-G, p. G1-G34, open-file report (Interagency Rept. Astrogeology 2), 17 p., illus., 1967. illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Baker, Arthur A. See Bromfield, Calvin S. 01260 Armbrnstmacher, Theodore J. See Wrucke, Chester T. 01031 00809 Baker, C. H., Jr.; Price, Don. (and others). Developing a state water plan 01663 Armstrong, A. K. Biostratigraphy of Mississippian system in north-central New Ground water conditions in Utah, spring of 1967: Utah Div. Water Resources Mexico [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 6-7, 1968. Coop. Inv. Rept. 5, 89 p., illus., 1967. 00151 Armstrong, C. A. Geology and ground water resources. Divide County, North 00754 Baker, Claud H., Jr.; Panlson, Q. F. Geology and ground water resources, Dakota Pt. 3, Ground water resources: North Dakota Geol. Survey Bull. 45, pt. Richland County, North Dakota Pt. 3, Ground water resour^s: North Dakota 3 (North Dakota Water Conserv. Comm. County Ground Water Study 6), 56 p., Geol. Survey Bull. 46, pt. 3 (North Dakota Water Comm. County Ground Water illus., table, 1967. Study 7), 45 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00513 Armstrong, Richard Lee; Hamilton, Warren; Denton, George H. Glaciation in Baker, Naydean. See Clarke, James W. 01235 Taylor Valley, Antartica, older than 2.7 billion years: Science, v. 159, no. 3811, p. 187-189, 1968. 01319 Baker, R. C. Measured stratigraphic sections, Salt Croton and Croton Creek Valleys, Kent and Stonewall Counties, Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Arndt, H. H. See Barr, J. L. 01053 24 p., illus., 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A261

00852 Ballance, W. C. Arkansas River basin Geography, geology, and hydrology, 01053 Barr, J. L.; Arndt, H. H. Geologic map of the Dorton quadrangle, PiVe County, HI Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-713, scale 1:24,000, section, Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 11-23, illus., tables, 1967. text, 1968.

00853 Ballance, W. C.; Titns, F. B., Jr. Southern High Plains Geography, geology, Barr.J. W. See Giese, G. L. 00162 and hydrology, in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 39-50, illus., tables, 01448 Barraclongh, J. T.; Teasdale, W. E.; Jensen, R. G. Hydrology of the National 1967. Reactor Testing Station area, Idaho Annual progress report 1965: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 107 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00605 Baltz, E. H., Jr.; West, S. W.; Read, Ci B.; Tranger, F. D.; Shomaker, John. Road log from Gallup to Albuquerque on U.S. Highway 66 (Interstate 40), in Bartlett, Alexandra S. See Emery, K. O. 01571 Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and New Mexico New Mexico Geol. Soc., 18th Field Conf. 1967: Socorro, N. Mex., New Mexico Bur. 00203 Barton, Pan! B.; Skinner, Brian J. Sulfide mineral stabilities, [Chap.] 7 in Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 215-224, illus., 1967. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits (H. L. Barnes, editor): New *'ork, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 236-333, illus., tables, 1967. 00606 Baltz, E. H., Jr.; Rapaport, Irving J.; Silver, Caswell; Smith, Clay T.; West, S. W.; Monrant, Walter A.; Read, C. B.; Tranger, F. D.; Shomaker, John. Road log 01126 Barton, Paul B., Jr. Possible role of organic matter in the precipita*!on of the from Albuquerque to Gallup, New Mexico, along U.S. Highway 66 and Interstate Mississippi Valley ores, in Genesis of stratiform lead-zinc-barite-fluorfte deposits 40, HI Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and New Mexico (Mississippi Valley type deposits) A symposium, New York, 1966: Ecoi. Geology New Mexico Geol. Soc., 18th Field Conf. 1967: Socorro, N. Mex., New Mexico Mon. 3, p. 371-377, illus., 1967. Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 203-214, illus., 1967. 01664 Barton, Paul B., Jr.; Skinner, Brian J. Reaction points of possible interest in 00206 Baltz, Elmer H. Stratigraphy and regional tectonic implications of part of Upper geothermometry studies of ore deposits [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Snec. Paper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, east-central San Juan Basin, New Mexico: U.S. 101, p. 12, 1968. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 552, 101 p., illus., table, geol. map, 1967. Barton, Panl B., Jr. See Toulmin, Priestley, 3d. 01741 00415 Baltz, Elmer H.; West, S. W. Ground-water resources of the southern part of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation and adjacent areas. New Mexico: U.S. Barton, R., Jr. See Donnay, Gabrielle. 00667 Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1576-H, p. H1-H89, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Bastron, Harry. See Cannon, Helen L. 01823 02187 Barclay, C. S. Venable. Geology of the Gore Canyon-Kremmling area. Grand 00736 Bateman, Panl C.; Eaton, Jerry P. Sierra Nevada batholith: Science, v. 158, County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 187 p., illus., tables, 1968. no. 3807, p. 1407-1417, illus., 1967. Barghoorn, E. S. See Emery, K. O. 01571 01853 Batem'an, Paul C. Geologic structure and history of the Sierra Nevada, in A coast to coast tectonic study of the United States V. H. McNutt-Geclogy Dept. 01777 Barker, Fred. Precambrian geologic history in the Needle Mountains, Colorado Colloquium Ser. 1: UMR Jour., no. I, p. 121-131, illus., 1968. [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 385, 1968. Bath, G. D. See Jahren, C. E. 01507 01491 Barnes, David F. Alaskan gravity base station network: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 55 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01371 Bath, Gordon D. Aeromagnetic anomalies related to remanent magnetism in volcanic rocks, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2.0 p., illus., 01614 Barnes, David F. Progress on the gravity map of Alaska [abs.]: Am. Geophys. 1967. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, p. 57-58, 1967. Bath, Gordon D. See Noble, Donald C. 01849 00106 Barnes, Farrell F. Coal resources of the Cape Lisburne-Colville River region. Batson, R. M. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00695 Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1242-E, p. E1-E37, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Batson, R. M. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00828 00091 Barnes, Harley; Christiansen, Robert L. Cambrian and Precambrian rocks of the Groom district, Nevada, southern Great Basin: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1244- 01207 Batson, Raymond M. Surveyor spacecraft television photo^rammetry: G, p. G1-G34, illus., tables, 1967. Photogramm. Eng.. v. 33, no. 12, p. 1365-1372, 1967. 01778 Barnes, Harley; Christiansen, Robert L.; Poole, F. G. Regional thrust-fault 01115 Baner, Daniel P. Time of travel of water in the Great Miami River, Dayton system in Nevada Test Site and vicinity [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper to Cleves, Ohio: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 546, 15 p., illus., tables, 1968. 101, p. 385-386, 1968. Bayley, R. W. See McGehee, R. V. 01419 01320 Barnes, Ivan; Clarke, F. E. Chemical properties of ground water and their corrosion and encrustation effects on wells: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 02017 Bayley, Richard W.; Mnehlberger, William R. (compilers). Basement rock map 210 p., illus., 1967. of the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. Survey, scale 1:2,500,000, 1968. Barnes, Ivan. See Clarke, Frank E. 01403 00521 Bayne, Charles K.; Ward, John R. (compilers). General availability of ground 02012 Barnes, Ivan; Bentall, Ray. Water-mineral relations of Quaternary deposits in water in Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Map M-4, scale 1:500,000, 1967. the lower Platte River drainage area in eastern Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Water- Supply Paper 1859-D, p. D1-D39, illus., tables, 1968. 00733 Bayne, Charles K.; Schoewe, Walter H. Geology and ground-water resources of Brown County, Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 186, 68 p., illus., tables, 02164 Barnes, Ivan; LaMarche, V. C., Jr.; Himmelberg, Glen. Geochemical evidence 1967. of present-day serpentinization: Science, v. 156, no. 3776, p. 830-832, 1967. Beall, Robert M. See Hunt, Oliver P. 01854 Barnes, John W. See Bailey, Edgar H. 00514 Beardsley, Keith M. See Robie, Richard A. 00769 00455 Barnett, Paul R. Device for measuring spectral linewidths: Appl. Spectroscopy, Beauchamp, R. G. See Hazel, J. E. 01661 v. 21, no. 2, p. 129-130, 1967. 00834 Beaumont, Edward C.; Werts, Larry; Read, Charles B. Road log from Gallup 00624 Barnwell, William W.; Boning, Charles W. Water resources and surficial geology north through the Chuska Mts. and return, via Window Rock, Lukachukai, and of the Mendenhall Valley, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-259, Sheep Springs, in Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and scale 1:31,680 and 1:63,360, sections, separate text, 1968. New Mexico New Mexico Geol. Soc., 18th Field Conf. 1967: Socorrc, N. Mex., New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 33-56, illus., 1967. 01465 Barnwell, William W.; George, Raymond S. Progress report, 1966-1967, water study greater Anchorage area, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 42 Becher, Albert E. See Meisler, Harold. 00040 p., illus., 1968. Becher, Albert E. See Meisler, Harold. 02023 01335 Barosh, P. J. Preliminary geologic section from Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, to Enterprise, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 37 p., illus., 1967. 00651 Beck, Myrl E., Jr.; Ford, Arthur B.; Boyd, Walter W., Jr. Paleomagnetism of a stratiform intrusion in the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica: Nature, v. 217, no. 01779 Barosh, P. J.; Dickey, D. D. Relationships of explosion-produced fracture 5128, p. 534-535, illus., table, 1968. patterns to bedrock structures in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 386-387, 1968. 01013 Bedinger, M. S. Cypress Bayou, Grand Prairie region, Arkansas An example of stream alienation, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. 01825 Barosh, Patrick J. Correlation of Permian and Pennsylvanian sections between Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B148-B150, illus., 1968. Egan Range and Spring Mountains, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-1, p. 11-18, illus., 1968. Bednar, Gene A. See Thomas, Chester E., Jr. 00476 A262 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Bednar, Gene A. See Thomas, Mendall P. 00477 01080 Bjorklnnd, L. J. Ground-water resources of northern Juab Valley, Utah: -Utah State Engineer Tech. Pub. 17, 69 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 01387 Beeson, Melvin H. A computer program for processing electron microprobe data: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 41 p., illus., 1967. 01884 Blacet, P. M. Geologic map of the SE 1/4 Mount Union quadrangle, Yavapai County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Beetem, W. A. See Robinson, B. P.01435 00726 Black, D. F. B. Preliminary structure map of the Ford quadrangle, central 01224 Begemann, Friedrich; Friedman, Irving. Tritium and deuterium in atmospheric Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 19'8. methane: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, no. 4, p. 1149-1153, illus., table, 1968. 00052 Black, Donglas F. B. Geologic map of the Coletown quadrangle, east-central 01591 Begemann, Friedrich; Friedman, Irving. Isotopic composition of atmospheric Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-644, scale 1:24,000, sections, hydrogen: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, no. 4, p. 1139-1147, illus., tables, 1968. text, 1967.

00279 Behrendt, John C. Geophysical investigations: Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 2, no. 00002 Blake, M. C., Jr.; Irwin, W. P.; Coleman, R. G. Upside-down metamorphic 5, p. 181-182, 1967. zonation, blueschist fades, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 00896 Behrendt, John C. Magnetic maps of the Antarctic, in J. C. Behrendt and C. C, p. C1-C9, illus., 1967. R. Bentley's magnetic and gravity maps of the Antarctic (Vivian C. Bushnell, editor): Am. Geog. Soc. Folio 9, p. 1-2, maps 6-7, 1968. 01780 Blake, M. C., Jr.; Hose, R. K. Petrology of Tertiary volcanic rocks, southern Antelope Range, White Pine County, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 01172 Behrendt, John C. The most negative Bouguer anomaly in the conterminous Paper 101, p. 388, 1968. United States [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 329, 1968. 01957 Blake, M. C., Jr.; Irwin, W. P.; Coleman, R. G. Blueschist-facies metamorphism 01234 Bell, Henry, 3d. Results of geochemical sampling and geologic reconnaissance related to regional thrust faulting [abs.]: Internat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, in McCormick County, South Carolina [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Southeastern Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 12-13, 1968. Sec., Ann. Mtg., Durham, N. C., Apr. 1968, Program, p. 22, 1968. Blank, H. R., Jr. See Rambo, W. L. 02228 Bell, K. G. See Kane, M. F. 01583 Blank, H. Richard, Jr. See Christiansen, Robert L. 02181 Benfer, J. Alan. See Hawley, C. C. 01484 02252 Blank, H. Richard, Jr. Geophysical investigations in Yellows'one National Park Bennett, G. D. See Greenman, D. W. 00557 Progress report [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 26, 1968. Bennett, G. D. See Pelmutter, N. M. 01638 01404 Blankennagel, Richard K. Hydraulic testing techniques of deep drill holes at Bennett, Robert R. See Bredehoeft, John D. 01666 Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 50 p., illus., 1967. Bennison, Allan P. See Milton, Charles. 00989 Block, D. A. See Kelly, T. E. 00908 00411 Benson, M. A.; Matalas, N. C. Synthetic hydrology based on regional statistical parameters: Water Resources Research, v. 3, no. 4, p. 931-935, tables, 1967. 01540 Boggess, D. H. Water-supply problems in southwest Florida- U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 27 p., illus., 1968. Benson, Mannel A. See Matalas, Nicholas C. 00911 Bond, G. C. See Manheim, F. T. 01813 Bentall, Ray. See Barnes, Ivan. 02012 00300 Boner, F. C.; Stermitz, Frank. Floods of June 1964 in northwestern Montana: 00503 Berg, Henry C.; Cobb, Edward H. Metalliferous lode deposits of Alaska: U.S. U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1840-B, p. B1-B242, illus., tables, 1967. Geol. Survey Bull. 1246, 254 p., illus., geol. Map, 1967. 02167 Boner, F. C.; Omang, R. J. Magnitude and frequency of floods from drainage 00974 Bergendahl, M. H.; Stansfield, Robert F. Gold, in Mineral resources of the areas less than 100 square miles in Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 385 396, illus., tables, 23 p., 1967. 1968. 01257 Bonilla, M. G. Historic surface faulting in continental United States and adjacent 01256 Bergendahl, M. H. Geologic map and sections of the Dillon SW quadrangle, parts of Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Interagency Rept. (IR) Eagle and Summit Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale Reactor Siting Research 1), 36 p., illus., table, 1967. 1:24,000, 1967. 01715 Bonilla, M. G. Evidence for right-lateral movement on the Owens Valley, Bergman, S. C. See Pipiringos, G. N. 01601 California, fault zone during the earthquake of 1872, and poss:ble subsequent fault creep [abs.], in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas Berman, Sol. See Altschuler, Z.S. 00586 fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 4, 1968. Berner, Robert A. See Clayton, Robert N. 01570 Bonilla, Mannel G. See McCulloch, David S. 00216 Berry, William B.N. See Harwood, David S. 00369 Bonilla, Mannel G. See Mullineaux, Donal R. 00782 Berryhill, H. L., Jr. See McKee, E. D. 00167 Boning, Charles W. See Barnwell, William W. 00624 00328 Berryhill, H. L., Jr. Late Paleozoic tectonism in eastern United States as 01485 Borcherdt, C. A.; Roller, J. C. Preliminary interpretation of a seismic-refraction indicated by Lower Permian rocks in the Allegheny region; base and age of the profile across the Large Aperture Seismic Array, Montana: U.S Geol. Survey open- Dunkard Group, in Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: U.S. Geol. Survey file report, 79 p., illus., tables, 1968. Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, text p. 33-36, 1967. 01336 Borcherdt, R. D.; Healy, J. H.; Jackson, W. H.; Warren, D. H. Seismic 00231 Berryhill, Henry L., Jr. Allegheny region. Chap. A in Paleotectonic investigations measurements of explosions in the Tatum salt dome, Mississippi: U.S. Geol. Survey of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, open-file report, 64 p., illus., tables, 1967. p. 1-17, illus., geol. map, 1967. 02179 Borcherdt, R. D. Measurements of ground motion from ruclear explosions in Bethke, Philip M. See Robie, Richard A. 00769 Nevada recorded in the San Francisco Bay area, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Cordilleran Sec., Seismol. Soc. America and Paleortological Soc., Ann. 00084 Bettendorf, J. A. Floods on Millstone River and Stony Brook in vicinity of Mtg., Tucson, Ariz., 1968, Program, p. 38-39, 1968. Princeton, New Jersey: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-245, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. Borcherdt, R. D. See Lee, W. H. K. 02211 01502 Betz, H. T. The remote measurement of rhodamine B concentration when used 01874 Boswell, E. H.; Cnshing, E. M. Water resources of the Mississippi embayment as fluorescent tracer in hydrologic studies: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 48 east of the Mississippi River: Soc. Mining Engineers Trans., v. 241, no. 2, p. 137- p., illus., tables, 1968. 148, illus., 1968. Bingham, J. W. See Richardson, Donald. 00814 Bondette, E. L. See Espenshade, G. H. 00117 Bjorklnnd, L. J. See Carpenter, C. H. 00072 01258 Boudette, Engene L.; Hatch, Norman L., Jr.; Harwood, Dwvid S. Geology of the Upper St. John and Allagash River basins, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey open- 00549 Bjorklund, L. J.; Robinson, G. B., Jr. Ground-water resources of the Sevier file report, 77 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. River basin between Yuba Dam and Leamington Canyon, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1848, 79 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Bondette, Engene L. See Ford, Arthur B. 01619 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A263

Bowen, Roger W. See Jackson, Everett D. 00004 Brett, George W. See Weld, Betsy A. 00845

Bowers, W. E. See Peterson, Fred. 01707 00125 Brett, Robin. Review of "Ontogeny of minerals," by D. P. Grigor'ev: Am. Ceramic Soc. Jour., v. 50, no. 7, p. 170-171, 1967. 01889 Bowers, William E. Preliminary geologic map of the Griffin Point quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 00315 Brett, Robin. Metallic spherules in impactite and tektite glasses: Am. 1968. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 5-6, p. 721-733, illus., tables, 1967.

01990 Bowes, W. A.; Segerstrom, Kenneth; Young, E. J. A newly discovered porphyry 00635 Brett, Robin; Kullernd, G. The Fe-Pb-S system: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. silver-lead-zinc ore deposit in the Hahns Peak gold-placer district, Colorado [abs.]: 3, p. 354-369, illus., tables, 1967. Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 179-180, 1968. 01667 Brett, Robin; Knllernd, Gnnnar. Melting relationships of galena-pyrite-pyrrhotite assemblages A homogeneous sulfide melt at 718° C [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America 00479 Bowie, James E.; Gann, E. Engene. Floods of July 18-23, 1965 in northwestern Spec. Paper 101, p. 25, 1968. Missouri: Missouri Div. Geol. Survey and Water Resources Rept. 21, 103 p., illus., tables, 1967. Brew, David A. See MacKevett, E. M., Jr. 01293

01147 Bowie, James E.; Kam, William. Use of water by riparian vegetation. Cotton 01847 Brew, David A. Diamond Peak-Chainman relations at type locality of the Wash, Arizona, with a section on Vegetation by F. A. Branson and R. S. Aro: Diamond Peak Formation, Eureka quadrangle, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1858, 62 p., illus., tables, 1968. Spec. Paper 101, p. 388-389, 1968. 01259 Bowles, C. G. Present-day ground water, a possible guide to uranium exploration 01991 Brew, Dnvid A. The role of volcanism in post-Carboniferous tectonics of in the southern Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey southeastern Alaska and nearby regions, North America [abs.]: Internal. Geol. open-file report, 24 p., illus., table, 1967. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 42, 1968.

Boyd,W. W. See Ford, A. B. 01998 Brice, J. C. See Culbertson, D. M. 01454

Boyd, W. W., Jr. See Ford, A. B. 02245 00570 Briggs, Reginald P. The Malo Breccia and Cotorra Tuff in the Cretaceous of cenlral Puerto Rico, in Changes in straligraphic nomenclalure by Ihe U.S Geological Boyd, Walter W., Jr. See Beck, Myrl E., Jr. 00651 Survey, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-A, p. 23-A29, illus., 1967.

Boynton, George R. See Turner, Robert M. 01415 Brobst, D. A. See Shawe, D. R. 00107

00368 Brnbb, Earl E.; Churkin, Michael, Jr. Stratigraphic evidence for the Late Brobst, D. A. See Culberlson, W. C. 00267 Devonian age of the Nation River Formation, east-central Alaska, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D4- 00954 Brobst, Donald A.; Hobbs, Robert G. Barile, in Mineral resou-ces of Ihe D15, illus., 1967. Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 270-277, ilus., lables, 1968. 00699 Brabb, Earl E. Chittenden, California, earthquake of September 14, 1963, in Short contributions to California geology: California Div. Mines and Geology Spec. Brock, M. R. See Zarlman, R. E. 00492 Rept. 91, p. 45-53, illus., table, 1967. 01096 Brock, M. R.; Singewnld, Q. D. Geologic map of the Mount Tyndall quadrangle, Brabb, Earl E. See Churkin, Michael, Jr. 02197 Cusler Counly, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-596, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, separate lexl, seclions, 1968. Braddock, William A. See Peterman, Zell E. 01081 01992 Brock, Manrice R. Terreslrial application of geological technique" developed 01361 Braddock, William A. Geologic map of the Empire quadrangle, Grand, Gilpin, for manned lunar exploralion [abs.]: Inlernal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, and Clear Creek Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 sheets, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abslracls, p. 331, 1968. scale 1:20,000, text, 1967. 00255 Brokaw, Arnold L. Geologic map and seclions of the Ely quadrangle, While Bradley, Edward. See Eddy, J. E. 00011 Pine County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-697, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Bradley, Reta A. See Dutton, Carl E. 01483 Bromery, R. W. See U.S. Geological Survey. 00099 00428 Bradley, W. H. Two aquatic fungi (Chytridiales) of Eocene age from the Green River Formation of Wyoming: Am. Jour. Botany, v. 54, no. 5, pt. 1, p. 577-582 00346 Bromery, R. W.; Griscom, Andrew: Aeromagnetic and generalized geologic map 1967. of southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-577, 2 sheets, scale 1:125,000, lexl, 1967. 00704 Bradley, W. H. Review of "A treatise on limnology V. 2, Introduction to lake biology'and the limnoplankton," by G. Evelyn Hutchinson: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 00272 Bromery, Randolph W. Preliminary results of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivily 266, no. 1, p. 60-64, 1968. surveys in weslern Massachusetts, in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, Proc.: Amherst, Mass., Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 00875 Bradley, W. H. Precursors of oil shale [with French and Spanish abs.], in Drilling 391-404, illus., 1967. and production World Petroleum Cong., 7th, Mexico, 1967, Proc., V. 3: London and New York, Elsevier Publishing Co., p. 695-697, illus., table, 1967. 00347 Bromery, Raadolph W. Aeromagnelic map of Ballimore County an-f Baltimore City, Maryland: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-613, scale 1:62,500, 00897 Bradley, W. H. Review of "Debate about the Earth," by H. Takeuchi, S. Uyeda, 1967. and H. Kanamori: Nature, v. 216, no. 5115, p. 617-618, 1968. 00348 Bromery, Randolph W. Simple Bouguer gravily map of Ballimore Counly and 01568 Bradley, W. H. Unmineralized fossil bacteria A retraction: Science, v. 160, Baltimore City, Maryland: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-614, scale no. 3826, p. 437, 1968. 1:62,500, 1967. 01665 Bradley, W. H. A probable kerogen precursor [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 00749 Bromfield, Calvin S. Geology of the Mount Wilson quadrangle, western San Paper 101, p. 24-25, 1968. Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1227, 100 p., i'lus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Braun, Kenneth J. See Shaffer, F. Butler. 00794 01260 Bromfield, Calvin S.; Baker, Arthnr A.; Crittenden, Max D., Jr. Geologic map 00790 Bredehoeft, J. D. The response of well-aquifer systems to earth tides: Jour. of the Heber quadrangle, Wasatch and Summit Counties, Ulah: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 12, p. 3075-3087, 1967. open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 01666 Bredehoeft, John D.; Bennett, Robert R. Use of trend surface analysis in a study 01261 Broom, Vt. E. Ground-water resources of Wood County, Texas: U.S. Geol. of regional permeability [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 25, 1968. Survey open-file report, 141 p., illus., 1967. Breed, Carol S. See McKee, Edwin D. 00217 Brosge, W. P. See Gryc, George. 00066 Breed, William J. See McKee, Edwin D. 00217 Brosge, W. P. See Tailleur, I. L. 00186 02214 Brethauer, G. E. Calculation of cavity radius using an average potential energy Bronssard, W. L. See Shallles, D. E. 00545 function: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 20 p., illus., table, 1968. Broussard, W. L. See Winner, M. D., Jr. 01864 02215 Brethauer, G. E. Application of dislocation theory to analysis of vertical displacements at the ground surface caused by the Duryea Event: U.S. Geol. Survey 01241 Brown, C. Ervin. Fluorile in cryslal-lined vugs in Ihe Maquoketa Shale at Volga, open-file report, 24 p., illus., tables, 1968. Clayton Counly, Iowa: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 11-12, p. 1735-1750, 1967.

318-835 O - 68 - 18 A264 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Brown, D. L. See Moore, G. K. 01443 Butterfield, David. See Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. 00195

01545 Brown, D. L. Geologic map of the Lexington quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. Butterfield, David. See Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. 00196 Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Bntterfield, David. See Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. 00757 01546 Brown, D. L. Geologic map of the Luray quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Bntterfield, David. See Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. 00759

Brown, G. F. See Delevaux, M. H. 00817 Bntnrla, Frank, Jr. See Kelly, T. E. 00486 01119 Butnrla, Frank, Jr. Geology and ground water resources of wells County Pt. 01503 Brown, Glen F. Report on allanite occurrence near Hamdtha on Wadi Tathlith, 2, Ground water basic data: North Dakota Geol. Survey Bul\ 51, pt. 2 (North Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 p., 1968. Dakota Water Comm. County Ground Water Study 12), 118 p., il'iis., tables, 1968. Brown, Philip M. See Swain, Frederick M. 01232 01173 Byerlee, James D. The brittle-ductile transition in rocks [ab" ]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 307, 1968. 01378 Brown, Robert D., Jr. Map showing recently active breaks along the San Andreas and related faults between the northern Gabilan Range and Cholame Valley, 00345 Byers, F. M., Jr.; Cnmmings, David. Geologic map of the Scrugham Peak California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quid. Map GQ-695, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1967. 01716 Brown, Robert D., Jr.; Wallace, Robert E. Current and historic fault movement along the San Andreas fault between Paicines and Camp Dix, California, in 01933 Byers, F. M., Jr.; Orkild, Panl P.; Carr, W. J.; Qninlivar, W. D. Timber Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Mountain Tuff, southern Nevada, and its relation to cauldron subsidence: U.S. Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 22-41, 1968. Geol. Survey open-file report, 23 p., illus., 1968; abs., Geol. foe. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 391-392, 1968. Brown, Robert D., Jr. See Vedder, John G. 01728 Byers, F. M., Jr. See Noble, Donald C. 01934 00003 Bryant, Brnce. The occurrence of green iron-rich muscovite and oxidation during regional metamorphism in the Grandfather Mountain window, northwestern North Byers, F. M., Jr. See Orkild, Paul P. 01935 Carolina, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C10-C16, illus., tables, 1967. 00632 Cadigan, Robert A. Variation in mercury content, Navajo Sandstone, Colorado Plateau region [abs.]: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. 6, p. 867-868, 19O. Bryant, Bruce. See Reed, John C., Jr. 01233 01262 Cadigan, Robert A. Tabulated petrologic data from a study of the Morrison 02253 Bryant, Brnce. Disseminated sulfide deposits in the eastern Elk Mountains, Formation in the Colorado Plateau region (supplemental data to U.S. Geol. Survey Colorado [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Prof. Paper 556): U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 64 p., table?, 1967. Mont., 1968, Program, p. 28, 1968. 00663 Cady, Wallace M. Geosynclinal setting of the Appalachian Mountains in southeastern Quebec and northwestern New England, in Appalachian tectonics: Bryant, C. T. See Foxworthy, B. L. 00469 Royal Soc. Canada Spec. Pub. 10, p. 57-58, illus., 1967. 01668 Bull, William B. Subsidence due to artesian-head decline in the Los Banos- 01993 Cady, Wallace M. Gravity sliding in an Appalachian orthogeosyncline [abs.]: Kettleman City area, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 77-78, 1968. 29-30, 1968. 00661 Cagle, J. W.; Steinhilber, W. L. Availability of ground water in Decatur County, 00997 Bunker, Carl M.; Bnsh, Charles A. Radioelement composition of surface soil Iowa: Iowa Geol. Survey Water Atlas 2, 28 p., illus., tables, 1967. in Adams County, Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B71-B75, illus., 1968. Cahal, D. I. See Smoot, G. F. 01301 Bnrbank, Lawrence. See Pewe, Troy L. 00095 Callahan, J. A. See Shattles, D. E. 00545 Bnrcar, P. J. See Wershaw, R. L. 02162 02168 Callahan, J. T. (and others). Preliminary report on the grornd-water resources of the Anyang Chon Basin [Korea], 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 84 Burcar, P. J. See Wershaw, R. L. 02173 p., illus., 1968. 01819 Burch, Stephen H. Tectonic emplacement of the Burro Mountain ultramafic 01359 Callahan, James E.; Wanek, Alexander A. Geologic reconnaissance of possible body, Santa Lucia Range, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 5, p. powersites at Spur Mountain, Tyee, and Eagle Lakes, southeastern Alaska: U.S. 527-544, illus., tables, 1968. Geol. Survey open-file report, 80 p., illus., table, 1967. 01717 Bnrford, Robert O. Evidence of recent strain in the San Andreas fault system 00939 Cameron, Cornelia C. Peat, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: from triangulation surveys [abs.], in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 136-145, illus., tables, 1968 of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 87, 1968. 02180 Campbell, Arthur B. Current U.S. Geological Survey research in Yellowstone National Park [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., 00840 Bnrnham, Charles W.; Clark, Joan R.; Papike, J. J.; Prewitt, C. T. A proposed Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 28, 1968. crystallographic nomenclature for clinopyroxene structures [with German abs.]: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 125, p. 109-119, illus., tables, 1967. 01846 Campbell, R. H.; Yerkes, R. F.; Wentworth, C. M. Detachment faults in the central Santa Monica Mountains, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. A merica Spec. Paper 00478 Bnrns, C. V. Kansas streamflow characteristics Pt. 7, Annual streamflow 101, p. 294, 1968. summary tables: Kansas Water Resources Board Tech. Rept. 7, 401 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01950 Campbell, R. H. Middle Miocene sedimentary breccia in Malibu Bowl thrust sheet, Santa Monica Mountains, California [abs.]: Am. Assoc. P s*roleum Geologists Burton, L. C. See Wood, P. R. 01121 Bull., v. 52, no. 3, p. 560, 1968. Bnsby, M. W. See Furness, L. W. 00035 00683 Canney, F. C.; Erickson, R. L. Geochemical prospecting resi'.arch by the United States Geological Survey [abs.], in Symposium on geochemical prospecting, Ottawa, 00522 Busch, F. E.; Hndson, J. D. Ground-water levels in New Mexico, 1965, and 1966, Proc.: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 66-54, p. 268, 1967. changes in water levels, 1961-1965: New Mexico State Engineer Tech. Rept. 34, 124 p., illus., 1967. 00684 Canney, F. C. Hydrous manganese-iron oxide scavenging Its effect on stream sediment surveys [abs.], in Symposium on geochemical prospecting, Ottawa, 1966, Busch, F. E. See Davis, L. V. 01879 Proc.: Canada Geol. Survey Paper 66-54, p. 267, 1967. 00946 Bush, A. L.; Sweeney, John W. Lightweight aggregates, in Mineral resources 00843 Cannon, Helen L.; Davidson, David F. (editors). Relation of geology and trace of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 210-224, illus., elements to nutrition: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 90, 68 p., illus., tables, 1967. tables, 1968. 01823 Cannon, Helen L.; Shacklette, Hansford T.; Bastron, Harry. Metal absorption Bnsh, Charles A. See Bunker, Carl M. 00997 by Equisetum (horsetail): U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1278-A, p. A1-A21, illus., tables, 1968. 00901 Bntler, Arthnr P., Jr. Uranium reserves and progress in exploration and development: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 547, 8 p., illus., 1967. Cannon, P. Jan. See West, M. N. 01926 00983 Butler, Arthnr P., Jr.; Stansfield, Robert G. Uranium, in Mineral resources of 01129 Cannon, R. S.; Pierce, A. P. Isotopic varieties of lead in stratiform deposits, the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 443-449, illus., 1968. in Genesis of stratiform lead-zinc-barite-fluorite deposits (Mississippi Valley type deposits) A symposium. New York, 1966: Econ. Geology Hon 3, p. 427-433, Butterfield, David. See Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. 00194 illus., 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A265

Cannon, RalphS., Jr. See Pierce, Arthur P. 01708 Cater, F. W., Jr. See Hopson, C. A. 01573

00523 Cardwell, G. T.; Forbes, M. J., Jr.; Gaydos, M. W. Water resources of the 00249 Cater, Fred W.; Wright, Thomas L. Geologic map of the Lucerne quadrangle, Lake Pontchartrain area, Louisiana: Louisiana Geol. Survey, and Louisiana Dept. Chelan County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-647, scale Public Works Water Resources Bull. 12, 105 p., illus., 1967. 1:62,500, section, 1967.

00033 Carey, Kevin L. The underside of river ice, St. Croix River, Wisconsin, in 00334 Cater, Fred W.; Crowder, Dwight F. Geologic map of the Holden q ladrangle, Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- Snohomish and Chelan Counties, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Q"ad. Map C, p. C195-C199, illus., table, 1967. GQ-646, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967.

00034 Carey, Kevin L. Analytical approaches to computation of discharge of an ice- 01669 Cater, Fred W.; Crowder, D. F.; Engels, J.; Hopson, C. A.; Tabor, R. W. Late covered stream, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Cretaceous and Tertiary potassium-argon ages of plutons in part of the North Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C200-C207, illus., tables, 1967. Cascades, Washington [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 37, 1968.

Carlson, J.E. See Gibbs, J. F. 01001 00297 Cathcart, J. B. Economic geology of phosphate deposits in eastern Un'ted States [abs.]: Mining Eng., v. 18, no. 8, p. 42, 1966. 01156 Carlston, Charles W. A comment on "Throughflow, overland flow and erosion", by M. J. Kirkby and R. J. Chorley (1967): Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Bull., Cathcart, James B. See Sever, Charles W. 00680 v. 13, no. l,p. 69, 1968. 01345 Cathcart, James B. Phosphate exploration in Colombia A case history: U.S. 00072 Carpenter, C. H.; Robinson, G. B., Jr.; Bjorklnnd, L. J. Ground-water conditions Geol. Survey open-file report, 19 p., illus., table, 1967. and geologic reconnaissance in the upper Sevier River basin, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1836, 88 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 01347 Cathcart, James B. Florida type phosphorite deposits Origin and techniques for prospecting: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 27 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01263 Carpenter, P. J. Floods in Rock River basin, Iowa: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 32 p., illus., 1967. 01447 Cathcart, James B. Marine phosphorite deposits Economic cons:derations: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 21 p., table, 1967. 01768 Carpenter, Robert H.; Wedow, Helmnth, Jr.; Maher, Stnart W. "Fossil" placers in the Precambrian Ocoee Series, Cocke County, Tennessee [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 00156 Causey, Lawson V. Availability of ground water in Talladega County, Alabama: America Spec. Paper 101, p. 351-352, 1968. Alabama Geol. Survey Bull. 81, 63 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1965.

Carpenter, Robert H. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 01773 00265 Cederstrom, D. J. Ground water in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts, in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, Proc.: Amherst, 01918 Carr, M. H. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site Il-P-2: U.S. Geol. Mass., Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 477-486, illus., 1967. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968. 01090 Chang, Feng-Ming; Simons, Daryl B.; Richardson, Everett V. Total bed-material 00440 Carr, M. S.; Guild, P. W.; Wright, W. B. (compilers). Iron in the United States, discharge in alluvial channels [with French abs.], Paper A17 in Internal. Assoc. exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Resource Map Hydraulic Research, 12 Cong., 1967, Proc., V. 1: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado MR-51, scale 1:3,168,000, separate text, 1967. Stale Univ., p. 132-140, illus., 1967; discussion and reply, ibid., V. 5, p. 50-51, 60, 1967. 01781 Carr, W. J.; Quinlivan, W. D. Structure of Timber Mountain resurgent dome Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 392. 1968. Chang, William C. F. See Lee, Reuben. 01459 Carr.W. J. See Byers, F. M., Jr. 01933 01498 Chang, William C. F.; Lee, Reuben. Floods in the Makaha area, Oah i, Hawaii: 01556 Carriker, Melbourne R.; Yochelson, Ellis L. Recent gastropod boreholes and U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 12 p., illus., 1967. Ordovician cylindrical borings: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 593-B, p. B1-B26 illus.. 1968. 00454 Chao, E. C. T. Impact metamorphism, in Researches in geochemistry, V. 2 (Philip H. Abelson, editor): New York, John Wiley and Sons, p. 204-233, illus., Carroll, Dorothy. See Truesdell, A. H. 01305 lables, 1967. 01569 Carroll, Dorothy. Clay minerals in Artic Ocean sea floor sediments [abs.]: Am. Chapman, Carleton A. See Hussey, Arlhur M. 00672 Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 52, no. 3, p. 522, 1968. 00664 Chapman, Dean R.; Keil, Klaus; Annell, Charles. Comparison of Macedon and Carroll, R. D. See Scott, J. H. 00885 Darwin glass, in Meteorites and lektites: Geochim. el Cosmochim. Ada, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1595-1603, illus., tables, 1967. 01000 Carroll, Roderick D.; Lee, Fitzhngh T.; Scott, James G.; Robinson, Charles S. Seismic-refraction studies of the Loveland Basin landslide, Colorado, in Geological 01264 Chapman, Robert M.; Foster, Robert L. Locations and descriptions of lode mines Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B83- and prospects in the Fairbanks district, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, B87, illus., 1968. 28 p., illus., tables, 1967. Carroll, Roderick D. See Scott, James H. 01085 Cheney, T. M. See McKelvey, V. E. 00587 01782 Carroll, Roderick D. Applications of inhole geophysical logs in volcanic rocks, Cheney, Thomas M. See Sheldon, Richard P. 00767 Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 392, 1968. Chesterman, Charles W. See Mrose, Mary E. 01837 Carroll, Roderick D. See Scott, James H. 02205 Chiangmai, Pongpan Na. See Gardner, Louis S. 01562 Carron, M. K. See Schaller, W. T. 01626 00333 Chidester, A. H.; Hatch, N. L., Jr.; Osberg, P. H.; Norton, S. A.; Hartshorn, Carron, M. K. See Cuttitta, Frank. 01675 J. H. Geologic map of the Rowe quadrangle, Franklin and Berkshire Counties, Massachusetts, and Bennington and Windham Counlies, Vermont: U.S. Geol. Carswell, Louis. See Gill, Harold E. 00907 Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-642, scale 1:24,000, sections, text, 1967. Carswell, Louis D. See McKelvey, Vincent E. 00589 01995 Chidester, Alfred H. The development of techniques for geological exploration in manned lunar missions [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d Prague, Carswell, Louis D. See Vecchioli, John. 00915 Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 332, 1968. 01151 Carswell, Louis D. Borehole velocity measurements in wells tapping the 00332 Childers, Joseph M.; Meckel, James P. Flood of August 1967 at Fairbanks, Brunswick Shale in northern New Jersey [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geol Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-294, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. Sec., 3d Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968, Program, p. 22, 1968. 00015 Christ, C. L.; Hosteller, Paul B. Activity coefficients from emf measurements, Carter, Claire. See Cobb, Edward H. 00531 in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- C, p. C106-C109, illus., 1967. Carter, Rolland W. See Smoot, George F. 00739 Christ, C. L. See Hosteller, P. B. 01876 00965 Carter, W. D. Silica, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 337-354, illus., tables, 1968. Christ, C. L. See Truesdell, A. H. 02010 Cashion, W. B. See Donnell, John R. 00876 Christiansen, Robert L. See Barnes, Harley. 00091 00326 Cater, F. W. Salt anticlines of the Paradox basin, in Paleotectonic maps of 01628 Christiansen, Robert L. Review of "Tuff lavas and ignimbrites A survey of the Permian System: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, text p. 44- Soviet sludies" (ediled by E. F. Cook, translated by Miriam Carly): Am. Scientist, 47, illus., 1967. v. 56, no. 1.74A-75A, 1968. A266 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01670 Christiansen, Robert L.; Noble, Donald C.; Orkild, Paul P.; Sargent, K. A. 02014 Clarke, James W.; Vitaliano, Dorothy B.; Neuschel, Virginia S. (and others). Cogenetic sequences and source areas in silicic volcanic terranes [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Geophysical abstracts 252-257, January-June 1968: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 39, 1968. Survey, p. 1-889, 1968.

Christiansen, Robert L. See Barnes, Harley. 01778 02015 Ciarke, James W.; Vitaliano, Dorothy B.; Neuschel, Virginia S. (and others). Geophysical abstracts 246-251, July-December 1967: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. 01893 Christiansen, Robert L. A distinction between bedrock and unconsolidated Survey, p. 635-1419, 1967. deposits on 3-5 p infrared imagery of the Yellowstone rhyolite plateau: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 5 p., illus., 1968. Clarke, R. S. See Cuttitta, Frank. 01675

02181 Christiansen, Robert L.; Obradovich, John D.; Blank, H. Richard, Jr. Late 01175 Clayton, R. N.; Muffler, L. J. P.; White, Donald E. Oxygen isotope study of Cenozoic volcanic stratigraphy of the Yellowstone Park region A preliminary calcite and silicates of the River Ranch No. 1 well, Salton Sea geothermal field. report [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, California [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 357, 1968. Mont., 1968, Program, p. 29-30, 1968. 01570 Clayton, Robert N.; Jones, Blair F.; Berner, Robert A. Isotope studies of dolomite Churkin, M. See Eberlein, G. Donald. 01997 formation under sedimentary conditions: Geochim. et Cosnochim. Acta, v. 32, no. 4, p. 415-432, illus., tables, 1968. Churkin, Michael. See Gryc, George. 00066 00577 Cleary, John. Azimuthal variation of the Longshot source term: Earth and Churkin, Michael, Jr. See Brabb, Earl E. 00368 Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 3, no. 1, p. 29-37, illus., table, 1967.

00703 Churkin, Michael, Jr. Lower Paleozoic rocks of Alaska [abs.]: Bull. Canadian Clifton, H. E. See Vedder, J. G. 00092 Petroleum Geology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 603, 1966. 00349 Clifton, H. Edward; Huhert, Arthur; Phillips, R. Lawrence. Marine sediment 02197 Churkin, Michael, Jr.; Brabb, Earl E. Devonian rocks of the Yukon-Porcupine sample preparation for analysis for low concentrations of Mm detrital gold: U.S. Rivers area and their tectonic relation to other Devonian sequences in Alaska [abs.], Geol. Survey Circ. 545, 11 p., illus., tables, 1967. in Internal. Symposium on the Devonian System, Calgary, Sept. 1967, Abs. Proc.: Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 39, 1967. 00603 Clifton, H. Edward. Solution-collapse and cavity filling ir the Windsor Group, Nova Scotia, Canada: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 7, p. 819-832, illus., Chute, G. L. See Weeks, R. A. 00931 tables, 1967.

Cieslewicz, John. See Davidson, Claire B. 01964 01265 Clifton, H. Edward. Sample size preconcentration require-nents for meaningful analysis of gold: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 chart, 1967. Clark, Alien L. See Hawley, C. C. 01484 01718 Clifton, H. Edward. Possible inflence of the San Andreas fault on middle and Clark, Alien L. See Hawley, C. C. 01829 probable late Miocene sedimentation, southeastern Caliente Pange, in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas farlt system: Stanford Clark, J. R. See Papike, J. J. 02157 Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 183-190, 1968.

Clark, J. R. See Papike, J. J. 02170 01948 Clifton, H. Edward. Gold distribution in surface sediments on the continental shelf off southern Oregon A preliminary report: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 587, Clark, Joan R. See Burnham, Charles W. 00840 6 p.,illus., 1968.

Clark, Joan R. See Coleman, R. G. 00893 00665 Cloud, Preston E., Jr.; McKelvey, V. E. The environmental sciences and national goals, in Applied science and technological progress A report to the Committee 01174 Clark, Joan R.; Appleman, Daniel E.; Papike, J. J. Crystal chemistry of ordered on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representative' by the Natl. Acad. clinopyroxenes [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 341, 1968. Sci.: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, p. 229-254, 1967. 01616 Clark, Joan R.; Papike, J. J. Pyroxene crystal chemistry in the system diopside- hedenbergite-jadeite-acmite [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, p. 00892 Cluff, Lloyd S.; Plafker, George. Implications derived from a study of thrust 234, 1967. faulting associated with the March 27, 1964. Alaskan earthquake on Montague Island, Alaska [abs.], in Association of Engineering Geologists, National 01671 Clark, Joan R.; Papike, J. J. Cation distribution in the crystal structure of Convention, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 1966, Program, p. 22, 1966. omphacite, the eclogitic pyroxene [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 40-41, 1968. 00448 Coats, R. R. Economic significance of revised age relations of rocks in the Cornucopia mining district, Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 549, Clark, Joan R. See Coleman, R. G. 01672 4 p., illus., 1967. 01702 Clark, Joan R.; Papike, J. J. Silicon-oxygen bonds in chain and framework 01011 Coats, R. R. Recent fault scarps in Independence Valley near Tuscarora, Elko silicates [abs.]: Am. Crystallog. Assoc., Summer Mtg., Minneapolis, Minn., 1967, County, Nevada, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Program and Abs., p. 91, 1967. Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B140-B143, illus., 1968. Clark, Joan R. See Papike, J. J. 01704 01618 Coats, R. R. Basaltic andesite, in Basalts Poldervaart treatise on rocks of basaltic composition, V.2 (H. H. Hess and A. Poldervaart, editors): New York, 02007 Clark, Joan R. Memorial of Arthur Lindo Patterson: Am. Mineralogist, v. Interscience Publishers, p. 689-736, illus., tables, 1968. 53, nos. 3-4, p. 575-586, 1968. Cobb, Edward H. See Berg, Henry C. 00503 Clark, Sydney P., Jr. See Toulmin, Priestley, 3d. 00201 00531 Cobb, Edward H.; Wanek, Alexander A.; Grantz, Arthur; Carter, Claire. 00456 Clark, William E. Computing the barometric efficiency of a well: Am. Soc. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of the Bering Sea, Bogoslof, Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper 5341, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 4, p. 93- Simeonof, Semidi, Tuxedni, St. Lazaria, Hazy Islands, and Forrester Island National 98, 1967. Wildlife Refuges, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-K, p. K1-K28, illus., 1968. 00920 Clarke, F. E. What do we really know about stream quality criteria and 00883 Cobb, Edward H.; Kennedy, Delia L. (compilers). Geologic map index of Alaska, standards?, in Water quality criteria, 1st National meeting, Philadelphia, Pa., 1966, 5th edition: Washington, D. C., U.S. Geol. Survey, scale 1:2,500,000, 1967[1968]. Papers: Am. Soc. Testing and Materials Spec. Tech. Pub. 416, p. 100-111, 1967. 01248 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Big Delta Clarke, F. E. See Barnes, Ivan. 01320 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. 00280 Clarke, Frank E. Corrosion in water well development: Ground Water Age, 01249 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Charley v. 2, no. 3, p. 28-32, illus., 1967. River quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. 00499 Clarke, Frank E. Determination du degre de corrosion dans les puits et moyens de la combattre: Tribune CEBEDEAU, v. 20, no. 288 (spec. no. 2), p. 445-454, 01250 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Eagle illus., tables, 1967. quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. 01403 Clarke, Frank E.; Barnes, Ivan. Evaluation and control of corrosion and 01251 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Circle encrustation in tube wells of the INDUS Plain, West Pakistan: U.S. Geol. Survey quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. open-file report, 69 p., illus., 1967. 01252 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Livengood 01235 Clarke, James W.; Heron, S. Duncan, Jr.; Furbish, William J.; Baker, Naydean. quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. A proposal for co-ordinating geological research in the southeast [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Southeastern Sec., Ann. Mtg., Durham, N. C., Apr. 1968, Program, p. 01253 Cohb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Tanana 27, 1968. quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A267

01348 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Chandalar Collins, R. See Gault, D. 00669 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. Collins, R. J. See Gault, D. E. 00668 01349 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Wiseman quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. 01205 Colton, George W. Surface structure map of parts of Lycoming, Clinton, Tioga, and Potter Counties, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geol. Survey, 4th ser., Map 14, 01350 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Healy 1967. quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. 00443 Colton, Roger B.; Noble, Donald C. Geologic map of the Groom Mine SW 01351 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Mount quadrangle, Nye and Lincoln Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Hayes quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, Map GQ-719, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 1967. Colton, Roger B. See Hartshorn, Joseph H. 00474 01352 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Bendeleben quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. 01275 Colton, Roger B. Sand and gravel pit data sheets and location mar for the Torrington quadrangle, Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 map, 01353 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Candle tables, 1967. quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. 01493 Colton, Roger B. Bibliography of geology and geography of Ecuador: U.S. 01354 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Solomon Geol. Survey open-file report, 65 p., 1968. quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. 01602 Colton, Roger B. Surficial geologic map of the West Torrington quadrangle, 01355 Cobb, Edward H.; Richter, Donald H. (compilers). Metallic mineral resources Litchfield County, Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-727, scale map of the Seward and Blying Sound quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open- 1:24,000, separate text, 1968. file report, scale 1:250,000, 1967. Colton, Roger B. See Fernald, Arthur T. 01786 01479 Cobb, Edward H. (compiler). Metallic mineral resources map of the Nome quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1968. 00421 Conant, Louis C. The pre-Selma Cretaceous strata, in Geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama Geol. Soc. America, 80th Ann. Mtg., 1967, Guidebook, Field 02188 Cobb, Edward H.; Sainsbury, C. L. (compilers). Metallic mineral resources map Trip No. 1: University, Ala., Alabama Geol. Soc., p. 4-11, illus., 1967. of the Teller quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, text, 1968. 00938 Conant, Lonis C.; Stansfield, Robert G. Oil shale, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 133-136, illus., 1968. Cobban, W. A. See Gill, J. R. 02248 Condon.W. H. See Hoare, J. M. 00850 00226 Cobban, William A. Close of the Cretaceous, in Evolution of the Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of Condon, W.H. See Hoare, J. M. 01758 the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, p. 29, 1967. Conklin, Nancy. See Leonard, B. F. 01567 Cobban, William A. See Dane, Carle H. 01826 Connor, J. J. See Hinrichs, E. N. 00258 00498 Coble, Ronald W. The effects of the Alaskan earthquake of March 27, 1964, Connor, J. J. See Hinrichs, E. N. 00851 on ground water in Iowa: Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc. 1965, v. 72, p. 323-332, illus., table, 1967. Conover, C. S. See Kenner, W. E. 00808 01878 Coffin, D. L.; Welder, F. A.; Glanzman, R. K.; Dutton, X. W. Geohydrologic Conover, W. Jay. See Sayre, William W. 00708 data from the Piceance Creek basin between the White and Colorado Rivers, northwestern Colorado: Colorado Water Conserv. Board Ground-Water Ser. Circ. Conradi, Arthur. See Peterson, Donald L. 01296 12, 38 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01385 Cook, Jerald J. A survey of lunar geology, 10 January 1966 through 10 June 01025 Coffin, Donald L. Relation of channel width to vertical permeability of 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 71 p., illus., tables, 1967. streambed, Big Sandy Creek, Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B215-B218, illus., 1968. 01276 Cook, M. F. Statistical summaries of stream-gaging station records, Louisiana, 1938-64: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 28 p., illus., 1967. 00566 Cohee, George V.; West, Wnlter S.; Wilkie, Lornn C. Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254- Cooley, M. E. See Arteaga, F. E. 01869 A, p. A1-A43, illus., tables, 1967. 00224 Cooley, Maurice E. Glen and San Juan Canyons area, in Evoluticn of the 01564 Cohee, George V. Holocene replaces Recent in nomenclature usage of the U.S. Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Geological Survey: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 52, no. 5, p. 852, Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern 1968. Arizona Bull. 44, p. 23-24, illus., 1967. 00714 Cohen, Philip; Durfor, C. N. Artificial-recharge experiments utilizing renovated 00225 Cooley, Maurice E. Flagstaff-Cameron area, in Evolution of the Colorado River sewage-plant effluent A feasibility study at Bay Park, U.S.A. [with French abs.], in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of in Artificial recharge and management of aquifers Symposium of Haifa, 1967: the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 72, p. 193-199, illus., 1967. p. 25-27, illus., 1967. Cole, Thomas H. See Mullens, Thomas E. 01441 Coombs, D. S. See Roedder, Edwin. 00652 Coleman, R. G. See Blake, M. C., Jr. 00002 Cooper, Bismarck R. See Stanin, S. Anthony. 01473 00893 Coleman, R. G.; Clark, Joan R. Pyroxenes of the blueschist facies of California: 00157 Cooper, James B.; Davis, Leou V. General occurrence and quality cf ground Am. Jour. Sci., v. 266, no. 1, p. 43-59, illus., tables, 1968. water in Union County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources Ground-Water Rept. 8, 168 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01077 Coleman, R. G. Glaucophane schists from California and New Caledonia, in Age and nature of the circum-Pacific orogenesis Pacific Sci. Cong., llth, Tokyo, 00857 Cooper, James B. Western closed basins Geography, geology, and hydrology, 1966, Symposium: Tectonophysics, v. 4, nos. 4-6, p. 479-498, illus., tables, 1967. i/i Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 169-178, illus., tables, 1967. 01672 Coleman, R. G.; Clark, Joan R.; Papike, J. J. Pyroxenes and amphiboles in the glaucophane schists of Cazadero, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 02155 Cooper, James B.; Trauger, Frederick D. San Juan River basin Geography, Paper 101, p. 41, 1968. geology, and hydrology, in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 183-197, illus., Coleman, R. G. See Blake, M. C., Jr. 01957 tables, 1967. 00354 Coleman, Robert G. Low-temperature reaction zones and alpine ultramafic rocks 02198 Cooper, James B.; Johu, Edward C. Geology and ground-water occurrence in of California, Oregon, and Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1247, 49 p., illus., southeastern McKinley County, New Mexico: New Mexico State Engineer Tech. tables, 1967. Rept. 35, 108 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Coleman, Robert G. See Peterman, Zell E. 00519 01382 Cooper, John R. Ektachrome and ektachrome infrared photography of the Twin Buttes area, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 7 p., illus., 1967. 01274 Collins, Florence R.; Robinson, Florence M. Subsurface stratigraphic, structural, and economic geology, northern Alaska (Exploration of Naval Petroleum Reserve 00728 Corchary, G. S. Lithologic logs of six exploratory holes (UCe-9, -10, -11, No. 4 and adjacent areas, northern Alaska, 1944-53): U.S. Geol. Survey open- 12a,-13, and -14) drilled in alluvium in central Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 259 p., illus., tables, 1967: file report, 19 p., illus., tables, 1968. A268 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Corchary, George S. See Fernald, Arthur T. 01786 Cressman, E. R. See Sheldon, R. P. 00585

Corchary, George S. See Hinrichs, Edgar N. 01791 Cressman, E. R. See McKelvey, V. E. 00587

Cordes,E.H. See Wall, J. R. 01307 Cressman, Earle R. See Pampeyan, Earl H. 00123

00158 Cordova, R. M.; Mower, R. W. The effect of pumping large-discharge wells 00725 Cressman, Earle R. Preliminary structure map of the Salvise quadrangle, central on the ground-water reservoir in southern Utah Valley, Utah County, Utah: Utah Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. State Engineer's Office Inf. Bull. 18, 35 p., illus., tables, 1967. Cressman, Earle R. See Sheldon, Richard P. 00767 00972 Cornwall, H. R.; Vhay, J. S.; Frendzel, Donald J. Cobalt and nickel, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 374- 00401 Crippen, Joha R. Change in quantity of dissolved solids transported by Sharon 376, illus., 1968. Creek near Palo Alto, California, after suburban development, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D256-D258, Cornwall, Henry R. See Albers, John P. 01750 illus., table, 1967.

01027 Corwin, Gilbert, (adapter). Geological map of the World Australia and 01751 Crittenden, M. D., Jr.; Kistler, R. W. Isotopic dating of intrusive rocks in the Oceania, Sheets 2-5: Canberra, Australia, Bur. Mineral Resources, Geology, and Cottonwood area, Utah [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 298-299, Geophysics, Dept. Natl. Devel., 1967. 1968. 00822 Crittenden, Max D., Jr. Viscosity and finite strength of the mantle as determined 00457 Cory, Robert L. Epifauna of the Patuxent River estuary, Maryland for 1963 from water and ice loads, in Non-elastic processes in the man*le Internal. Upper and 1964: Chesapeake Sci., v. 8, no. 2, p. 71-89, 1967. Mantle Comm. Symposium, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1966, Proc.: Royal Astron. Soc. Geophys. Jour., v. 14, nos. 1-4, p. 261-279, illus., tables, I9i'7. Cotton, John E. See Wiesnet, Donald R. 01917 Crittenden, Max D., Jr. See Bromfield, Calvin S. 01260 Cox, Allan. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00128 01014 Croft, M. G. Geology and radiocarbon ages of late Pleitocene lacustrine clay 00129 Cox, Allan; Dalrymple, G. Brent. Resolving power of potassium-argon dating deposits, southern part of San Joaquin Valley, California, in Geological Survey for measuring polarity epoch boundaries, events, and transition intervals [abs.], in research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B151-B156, illus., Review meeting on paleomagnetic study of the Circum-Pacific area U.S.-Japan table, 1968. Sci. Cooperation, Kyoto, Japan, 1966, Abs. Papers: p. 5, 1966. 01542 Croft, M. G.; Gordon, G. V. Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the 00199 Cox, Allan; Doell, Richard R.; Dalrymple, G. Brent. New developments in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open- geomagnetic reversal time scale for the Quaternary [abs.], in Review meeting on file report, 170 p., illus., 1968. paleomagnetic study of the Circum-Pacific area U.S.-Japan Sci. Cooperation, Kyoto, Japan, 1966, Abs. Papers: p. 31, 1966. Crooks, James W. See Stuart, Wilbur T. 00504 00322 Cox, Allan. Geomagnetic secular variation in Alaska [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 78, 1966. Crosby, E. J. See McKee, E. D. 00167 Cox, Allan. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00475 00764 Crosby, Eleanor J. Gulf Coast region. Chap. B in Paleotftonic investigations of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, 00509 Cox, Allan. Paleomagnetism, in IUGG quadrennial report (U.S.A.): Am. p. 9-15, illus., 1967. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 2, p. 525-528, 1967. Crosby, Eleanor J. See Oriel, Steven S. 00765 00575 Cox, Allan; Dalrymple, G. Brent. Geomagnetic polarity epochs Nunivak Island, Alaska: Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 3, no. 2, p. 173-177, illus., table, 1967. 00159 Cross, William P. Drainage areas of Ohio streams Supplement to gazeteer of Ohio streams: Ohio Water Plan Inventory Rept. 12a, 61 p., tabhs, 1967. Cox, Allan. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00650 01402 Crosthwaite, E. G.; Mnndorff, M. J.; Walker, E. H. Grornd-water aspects of Cox, Allan. See Doell, Richard. 00666 the lower Henrys Fork region, Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 43 p., illus., 1967. Cox, Allaa. See Doell, Richard R. 01206 01453 Crosthwaite, E. G. Water resources of the Salmon Falls Creek basin, Idaho- 01587 Cox, Allan; Doell, Richard R.; Dalrymple, G. Brent. Radiometric time scale for Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 60 p., 1968. geomagnetic reversals [abs.], in Program and abstracts for St. Gall Mtg., 1967: Internal. Assoc. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Bull. 24, p. IAGA-128, 1967. Crowder, D. F. See Hopson, C. A. 01573

Cox, Allaa. See Doell, Richard R. 01658 Crowder, D. F. See Cater, Fred W. 01669 01673 Cox, Allan; Doell, Richard R.; Dalrymple, G. Brent. Geomagnetic reversals A practical tool for global stratigraphic correlation [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Crowder, Dwight F. See Cater, Fred W. 00334 Paper 101, p. 44-45, table, 1968. Cruff, R.W. See Young, L. E. 00101 Cox, Allan. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 01836 01038 Crnff, R. W.; Thompson, T. H. A comparison of methods of estimating potential 01856 Cox, Allan. Lengths of geomagnetic polarity intervals: Jour. Geophys. Research, evapotranspiration from climatological data in arid and subhumid environments: v. 73, no. 10, p. 3247-3260, illus., tables, 1968. U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-M, p. M1-M28, il'us., tables, 1967. Cox, Dennis P. See Ericksen, George E. 00948 01454 Cnlbertson, D. M.; Yonng, L. E.; Brice, J. C. Scour and fill in alluvial channels with particular reference to bridge sites: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 58 00964 Cox, Dennis P.; Edgerton, Cnrt D., Jr. Salines, in Mineral resources of the p., illus., 1967. Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 327-337, illus., tables, 1968. Cnlbertson, James K. See Scott, Cloyd H. 00180 00966 Cox, Dennis P. Strontium, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: 00391 Culbertson, James K. Evidence of secondary circulation in an alluvial channel, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 354-355. 1968. in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Sur'ey Prof. Paper 575- D, p. D214-D216, illus., 1967. Cox, Dennis P. See Miller, Ralph L. 01140 00267 Cnlbertson, W. C.; Dyni, J. R.; Brobst, D. A. Eocene GreeT River Formation- 01446 Cozad, N. D.; Titley, S. R. Preliminary geologic map of the Maurolycus Multiple mineral resource [abs.]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 51, quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1966. no. 9, p. 1900, 1967. 00024 Crandell, D wight R. Glaciation at Wallowa Lake, Oregon, in Geological Survey Culbertson, William C. See Donnell, John R. 00876 research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C145-C153, illus., 1967. 01674 Cnlbertson, William C. Coal splits in Pennsylvanian rock? of Alabama [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 47, 1968. Creasey, S. C. See Anderson, C. A. 00562 01198 Cnllins, Henry L. Geologic map of the Banty Point quadrangle, Rio Blanco Creel, John P. See Roedder, Edwin. 00518 County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ -703, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. Cressman, E. R. See Kanizay, S. P. 00251 Cnmmings, David. See Byers, F. M., Jr. 00345 Cressman, E. R. See Sheldon, R. P. 00323 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A269

01226 Cummiugs, David. Mechanical analysis of the effect of the Timber Mountain 01176 Dalrymple, G. Brent. Argon 40/36 analyses of historic lava flows [abs.]: Am. caldera on Basin and Range faults: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, no. 8, p. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 349, 1968. 2787-2794, illus., 1968. Dalrymple, G. Brent. See Cox, Allan. 01587 01919 Cnmmings, David. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site III-P-ll: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968. Dalrymple, G. Brent. See Cox, Allan. 01673

019S3 Cummings, David. Geologic map of the Zuni Salt Lake volcanic crater, Catron 01836 Dalrymple, G. Brent; Cox, Allan; Gromme, C. S.; Doell, Richard R.; Kawai, County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-544, scale 1:6,000, Naoto; Hirooka, Kimio. Potassium-argon dating of late Cenozoic geomagnetic section, 1968. reversals [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 48-49, 1968.

01719 Cummings, Jou C. The Santa Clara Formation and possible post-Pliocene slip Damou, Paul E. See McKee, Edwin D. 01142 on the San Andreas fault in central California, in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Dane, C. H. See Landis, E. R. 01143 Sci.,v. 11, p. 191-207, 1968. 01826 Dane, Carle H.; Kanffman, Erie G.; Cobban, William A. Semilla Sandstone, Cnaningham, David R. See Scott, James H. 02205 a new member of the Mancos Shale in the southeastern part of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull 1254-F, p. F1-F21, illus., 1968. Cuppels, Norman P. See Overstreet, William C. 01112 01277 Daniels, D. L. Infrared spectral emittance of rocks from the Pisgah Crater and 01828 Curtin, Gary C.; Lakia, Hubert W.; Nenerburg, George J.; Hubert, Arthur E. Mono Craters areas, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 5 p., illus., Utilization of humus-rich forest soil (mull) in geochemicat exploration for gold: 1967. U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 562, 11 p., illus., 1968. 01337 Daniels, D. L. Additional infrared spectral emittance measurements of rocks Cnshing, E. M. See Boswell, E. H. 01874 from the Mono Craters region, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 8 p., illus., table, 1967. 01662 Cushman, R. V. The shape, slope, and fluctuations of the basal water table in the Mammoth Cave area, Ky. [abs.]: Natl. Speleol. Soc. Bull., v. 29, no. 3, 01311 Danilchik, Walter. Source and size of the leakage zone of the natural dam, p. 107, 1967; Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 434, 1968. Lago Laja, Chile: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 22 p., illus., 1967.

Cuthbert, Margaret E. See Shacklette, Hansford T. 00731 Daausawad, Thawisak. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286

Cuttitta, Frank. See Altschuler, Z. S. 00586 00458 Danm, C. R. A method for determining water transport in trees: Ecology, v. 48, no. 3, p. 425-431, illus., 1967. Cnttitta, Frank. See May, Irving. 00831 01312 Davidsou, Claire B. Geochemical prospecting abstracts, January 1961-December Cuttitta, Fraak. See Rose, Harry J., Jr. 01584 1962: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 344 p., 1967. 01675 Cnttitta, Frank; Clarke, R. S.; Carron, M. K.; Anuell, C. S. Martha's Vineyard and selected Georgia tektites New chemical data [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 01964 Davidson, Claire B.; Markward, Ellen L.; Cieslewicz, John. Geochemical Paper 101, p. 47-48, 1968. prospecting abstracts, July 1957-December 1960 V. 1, Introduction ard abstracts 1-175; V. 2, Abstracts 176-371; V. 3, Abstracts 372-505, subject index: U.S. Geol. 02156 Czamanske, G. K.; Desborough, G. A. Primary Fe-Ni-Cu sulfides in eclogite Survey open-file report, V. 1, p. 1-206; V. 2, p. 207-423; V. 3, p. 424-573; index, nodules in South African kimberlite [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, 80th Ann. Mtg., 46 p., 1967. New Orleans, La., Program, p. 41, 1967. Davidson, David F. See Cannon, Helen L. 00843

00640 Czamanske, Gerald K. Review of "X-ray emission spectrography in geology," Davidson, David F. See Lakin, Hubert W. 01644 by Isidore Adler: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1115-1116, 1967. 00355 Davidson, E. S. Geology of the Circle Cliffs area, Garfield and Kaue Counties, Dabney, W. Caldwell. See Overstreet, William C. 01112 Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1229, 140 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. D'Agostino, John P. See Epstein, Jack B. 01388 00126 Davies, William E. Review of "Biospeleology, the biology of cavernicolus Dale.O.C. See Myers, B. N. 00291 animals," by A. Vandel: Atlantic Naturalist, v. 22, no. 1, p. 63, 1967. 00434 Dale, R. H. Land use and its effect on the basal water supply. Pearl Harbor 00932 Davies, William E. Physiography, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian area, Oahu, Hawaii, 1931-65: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-267, 2 region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 37-48, illus., table, 1968. sheets, scale 1:62,500, text, 1967. 00935 Davies, William E. Engineering geology, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian Dale, William J. See Denny, Charles S. 01954 region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 80-96, illus., table, 1968. Dalrymple, G. B. See Doell, Richard R. 01658 01769 Davis, George H. Land subsidence related to head decline at Ba*on Rouge. Louisiana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 354, 1968. 00127 Dalrymple, G. Brent. Extension of potassium-argon dating to Holocene volcanic rocks [abs.], in Review meeting on paleomagnetic study of the Circum-Pacific area 01879 Davis, L. V.; Bnsch, F. E. Summary of hydrologic investigations by the United U.S.-Japan Sci. Cooperation, Kyoto, Japan, 1966, Abs. Papers: p. 1, 1966. States Geological Survey at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 299 p., illus., 1968. 00128 Dalrymple, G. Brent; Doell, Richard R.; Gromme, C. S.; Cox, Allan. Pliocene reversal time scale [abs.], in Review meeting on paleomagnetic study of the Circum- Davis, LeonV. See Cooper, James B. 00157 Pacific area U.S.-Japan Sci. Cooperation, Kyoto, Japan, 1966, Abs. Papers: p. 33, 1966. 00139 Davis, R. W. Availability of ground water in the Milburn quadrangle, Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-179, scale Dalrymple, G. Brent. See Cox, Allan. 00129 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Dalrymple, G. Brent. See Cox, Allan. 00199 00124 Davis, Robert E.; Drake, Avery Ala, Jr.; Epstein, Jack B. Geologic map of the Bangor quadrangle, Pennsylvania-New Jersey: U.S. Geol, Survey Geol. Quad. Map 00475 Dalrymple, G. Brent; Cox, Allan; Doell, Richard R.; Gromme, C. E. Pliocene GQ-665, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1967. geomagnetic polarity epochs: Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 2, no. 3, p. 163- 173, illus., tables, 1967. 00154 Davis, Robert O. Le probleme de la mise a jour des cartes [with English and German abs.], in International yearbook of cartography, V. 5: London, George Dalrymple, G. Brent. See Cox, Allan. 00575 Philip and Son Limited, p. 80-85, 1965. 00650 Dalrymple, G. Brent; Cox, Allan. Palaeomagnetism, potassium-argon ages and 01445 Davis, W. E.; Kinoshita, W. T. Principal facts for gravity stations in northeastern petrology of some volcanic rocks: Nature, v. 217, no. 5126, p. 323-326, illus., tables, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 14 p., 1968. 1968. 00319 Dawdy, D. R.; Feth, J. H. The use of factor analysis in the study of the chemistry 00894 Dalrymple, G. Breat. Potassium-argon ages of Recent rhyolites of the Mono of groundwater [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 85, 1966. and Inyo Craters, California: Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 3, no. 4, p. 289- 298, illus., tables, 1967[1968]. 00281 Dawdy, David R.; Thompson, Terry H. Digital computer simulation in hydrology: Am. Water Works Assoc. Jour., v. 59, no. 6, p. 685-688, table 1967. 00903 Dalrymple, G. Brent; Doell, Richard R. Comments on paper by M. Ozima, and others, "Paleomagnetism and potassium-argon ages of some volcanic rocks from 00282 Dawdy, David R. Knowledge of sedimentation in urban environments: Am. the Rio Grande Gorge, New Mexico" [1967]: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper 5595, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 6, no. 4, p. 1502-1503, illus., 1968. p. 235-245, 1967. A270 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01818 DeBuchananne, George D. Ground-water resources of the James, York and 00260 Dibbjee, T. W., Jr. Geologic map of the Morongo Valley quadrangle, San Rappahannock River basins of Virginia west of the Fall Line: U.S. Geol. Survey Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geol. Sunny Misc. Geol. Inv. Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-283, scale 1:500,000, 1968. Map 1-517, scale 1:62,500, sections, separate text, 1967.

00147 Decker, R. W.; Hill, D. P.; Wright, T. L. Deformation measurements on Kilauea 00330 Dibblee, T. W., Jr. Geologic map of the Old Woman Springs quadrangle, San Volcano, Hawaii: Bull. Volcanol., v. 29, p. 721-732, illus., 1966. Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-518, scale 1:62,500, sections, separate text, 1967. 01208 Decker, R. W. Deformation measurements on Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii [abs.]: Internat. Union Geodesy and Geophysics, General Assembly, 17th, Zurich, 00358 Dibblee, Thomas W., Jr. Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California: Switzerland, 1967, Program and Abs. of Papers, V. 7,1. A. V., p. 33, 1967. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 522, 153 p., illus., tables, geol. map 1967.

00387 Decker, Robert W.; Peck, Dallas L. Infrared radiation from Alae lava lake, 01720 Dibblee, Thomas W., Jr. Displacements on the San Andreas fault systems in Hawaii, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. the San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto Mountains, southern California, Paper 575-D, p. D169-D175, illus., table, 1967. in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 260-278, 1968. 00817 Delevaux, M. H.; Doe, B. R.; Browu, G. F. Preliminry lead isotope investigations of brine from the Red Sea, galena from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Dickey, D. D. See Barosh, P. J. 01779 and galena from United Arab Republic (Egypt): Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 3, no. 2, p. 139-144, illus., table, 1967. 01783 Dickey, D. D. Fault displacement as a result of underground1 nuclear explosions [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 394, 1968. Delevaux, M. H. See Doe, B. R. 01677 01951 Dickiuson, Kendell A. Clay-mineral facies in Upper Jurassic rocks in Delgadillo, Edgar. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 northeastern Texas and adjacent parts of Louisiana and Arkansas [abs.]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 52, no. 3, p. 524-525, 1968. 01455 Dempster, George R., Jr.; Lutz, Gale A. Water discharge determinations for the tidal reach of the Willamette River from Ross Island Bridge to mile 10.3, 02027 Dickiuson, Keudell A. Upper Jurassic stratigraphy of some adjacent parts of Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 49 p., illus., 1967. Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pape- 594-E, p. E1-E25, illus., table, 1968. Denison, Rodger E. See Muehlberger, William R. 01838 02169 Dimeut, W. H. Thermal regime of a large diameter borefiole Instability of Deuuen, William H. See Post, Edwin V. 00560 the water column and comparison of air- and water-filled cond'tions: Geophysics, v. 32, no. 4, p. 720-726, 1967. Dennis, Leonard S. See Zietz, Isidore. 01194 01209 Dinuin, Joseph I. Atomic fluorescence flame spectrorretric detection of Dennison, John M. See Oliver, William A., Jr. 00067 palladium, titanium, zirconium, chromium, and aluminum u^ing a hot hollow cathode lamp: Anal. Chemistry, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1491-1493, tabk, 1967. 00685 Denny, C. S. Fans and pediments: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 265, no. 2, p. 81-105, 1967. 01210 Dinnin, Joseph L; Helz, Armin W. Demountable hot hollow cathode lamp as excitation source in atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry: Anal. Chemistry, v. 00788 Denny, Charles S. Surficial geologic map of the Dannemora quadrangle and 39, no. 12, p. 1489-1491, illus., 1967. part of the Plattsburgh quadrangle, New York: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-635, scale 1:62,500, section, 1967. 02006 Dinnin, Joseph I. Review of "Atomic absorption analytical methods, V. 1": Anal. Chemistry, v. 40, p. 59A-60A, 1968. 01015 Denny, Charles S.; Goodlett, John C. Tree-throw origin of patterned ground on beaches of the ancient Champlain Sea near Plattsburgh, New York, in Geological 00856 Dinwiddie, George A. Rio Grande basin Geography, geolcgy, and hydrology, Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B157- in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): B164, illus., 1968. Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 127-142, illus., tables, I?f7. 01954 Denny, Charles S.; Warren, Charles R.; Dow, Donald H.; Dale, William J. A 00524 Dion, N. P.; Griffiths, M. L. A ground-water monitoring network for descriptive catalog of selected aerial photographs of geologic features in the United southwestern Idaho: Idaho Dept. Reclamation Water Inf. Bull. 2, 16 p., illus., 1967. States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 590, 79 p., illus., 1968. Dion, N. P. See Kaufman, M. I. 01044 Denson, N. M. See Sato, Yoshiaki. 00007 Dion, N. P. See Kaufman, M. I. 01877 Denton, George H. See Armstrong, Richard Lee. 00513 00232 Dixon, George H. Northeastern New Mexico and Texas-Ok'ahoma Panhandles, Dequech, Victor. See Klepper, M. R. 01290 Chap. D in Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian System h the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, p. 61-80, illus., table, 1967. Dequech, Victor. See Klepper, M. R. 01291 01600 Dixon, H. Roberta. Bedrock geologic map of the Danielson quadrangle, Windham County, Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-696, Desborongh, G. A. See Czamanske, G. K. 02156 scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. 00634 Desborongh, George A. Closed system differentiation of sulfides in olivine Dobrovolny, Ernest. See MacQuown, William C., Jr. 00563 diabase, Missouri: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. 5, p. 595-613, illus., tables, 1967. 01996 Dobrovolny, Ernest; Schmoll, Henry R. Geology as appl'-d to development 00987 Desborongh, George A.; Rose, Harry J., Jr. X-ray and chemical analysis of planning in the Greater Anchorage area borough, Alaska [ab^ ]: Internat. Geol. orthopyroxenes from the lower part of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, in Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 300, 196S. Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600- B, p. B1-B5, illus., tables, 1968. 00988 Dodge, F. C. W.; Moore, James G. Occurrence and composition of biotites from the Cartridge Pass pluton of the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, in 01480 Dettermau, Robert L.; Reed, Bruce L. Geology of the Iliamna quadrangle, Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600- Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000, 1968. B, p. B6-B10, illus., tables, 1968. 00712 Dentsch, Morris. Artificial recharge by induced interaquifer leakage [with French Dodge, F. C. W. See Wones, David R. 01744 abs.], in Artificial recharge and management of aquifers Symposium of Haifa, 1967: Internat. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 72, p. 159-172, illus., tables, 1967. 01676 Dodge, Frank C. W. Occurrence and composition of hornblendes from granitic rocks of the Sierra Nevada batholith, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. 01157 Dentsch, Morris. Guest editorial The mission of the NWWA as a science and Paper 101, p. 53-54, 1968. industry association: Ground Water, v. 6, no. 2, p. 2-3, 1968. Doe, B. R. See Delevaux, M. H. 00817 00283 Devaul, Robert W. Trends in ground-water levels in Wisconsin through 1966: Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. History Survey Inf. Circ. 9, 109 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01677 Doe, B. R.; Delevaux, M. H.; Knrasawa, H.; Steveu, T. A. Lead-isotope studies of igneous rocks and ores in the San Juan volcanic area, Colorado [abs.]: Geol. deWitt, Wallace, Jr. See Oliver, William A., Jr. 00067 Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 54, 1968. 01237 deWitt, Wallace, Jr. Correlation of the Lower Mississippian rock in western 00429 Doe, Bruce R.; Tilling, Robert I. The distribution of lead between coexisting Maryland and adjacent states [abs.): Geol. Soc. America, Southeastern Sec., Ann. K-feldspar and plagioclase: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 5-6, p. 805-816, illus., Mtg., Durham, N. C., Apr. 1968, Program, p. 31, 1968. tables, 1967. 00259 Dibblee, T. W., Jr. Geologic map of the Joshua Tree quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I- 516, scale 1:62,500, sections, separate text, 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A271

00804 Doe, Bruce R.; Marvin, Richard F. Radioactive and radiogenic isotope research. 01529 Doty, G. C. Summary of production wells drilled for MAR site water supply, North America, in IUGG quadrennial report (U.S.A.): Am. Geophys. Union White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 19 Trans., v. 48, no. 2, p. 672-686, 1967. p., illus., 1968.

00666 Doell, Richard; Cox, Allan. Magnetization of rocks, in Mining geophysics V. 01530 Doty, G. C. Rehabiliation of Murray well, White Sands Missile Range, New 2, Theory: Tulsa, Okla., Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 446-453, illus., 1967. Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 11 p., illus., 1968.

Doell, Richard R. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00128 01531 Doty, G. C. Summary of wells drilled by White Sands Missile Range from June 1962 to January 1965: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 52 p., illus., 1968. Doell, Richard R. See Einarsson, Thorleifur. 00197 01532 Doty, G. C. Test wells drilled at Mockingbird Gap, Socorro County, New Doell, Richard R. See Cox, Allan. 00199 Mexico, June to October 1965: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 23 p., illus., 1968. Doell, Richard R. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00475 Doell, Richard R. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00903 00860 Doty, Gene C. Southwestern closed basins Geography, geology, and hydrology, in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): 01177 Doell, Richard R. Paleomagnetic studies of lavas from the Islands of Kauai Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 250-264, illus., tables, 1967. and Oahu [abs.J: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no.' 1, p. 127, 1968. 00298 Donglass, R. C. Review of "Index fossils of Japan," by T. Shikam*): Jour. 01206 Doell, Richard R.; Cox, Allan. Polarity reversals of the geomagnetic field, in Paleontology, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1301-1302, 1967. International dictionary of geophysics, V. 2 (Runcorn, S. K., and others, editors.): London, Pergamon Press, p. 1207-1209, 1967. 00751 Donglass, Raymond C. Permian Tethyan fusulinids from California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 593-A, p. A1-A13, illus., tables, 1967. Doell, Richard R. See Cox, Allan. 01587 00891 Douglass, Raymond C. Morphologic studies of fusulinids from the Lower 01658 Doell, Richard R.; Dalrymple, G. B.; Cox, Allan; Gromme, C. S. The polarity Permian of West Pakistan [abs.]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 52, epoch time scale Present status [abs.], in Palaeogeophysics NATO Advanced no. 3, p. 525-526, 1968. Study Inst., Newcastle, England, 1962, Abs. and Programme, p. II-31, 1968. Dow, Donald H. See Denny, Charles S. 01954 01659 Doell, Richard R. Paleosecular variation in the central Pacific region [abs.], in Palaeogeophysics NATO Advanced Study Inst., Newcastle, England, 1962, Abs. Dowd, James. See Arndt, Harold H. 00937 and Programme, p. 11-21, 1968. Doyle, Robert G. See Hussey, Arthur M. 00672 Doell, Richard R. See Cox, Allan. 01673 Drake, Avery Ala, Jr. See Davis, Robert E. 00124 Doell, Richard R. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 01836 00667 Donnay, Gabrielle; Barton, R., Jr. Absolute orientation of the tourmaline crystal Drake, Avery Ala, Jr. See Epstein, Jack B. 01388 structure: Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook 65, 1965-66, p. 299, 1967. Dreeszen, V. H. See Keech, C. F. 00565 Donnay, J. D. H. See Takeda, Hiroshi. 00841 Dreeszen, V. H. See Keech, C. F. 01105 Donnay, J. D. H. See Takeda, Hiroshi. 00842 Drewes, H. See Poole, F. G. 00745 00686 Donnell, John R.; Tailleur, Irvin L.; Tonrtelot, Harry A. Alaskan oil shale, in Symposium on oil shale, 4th: Colorado School Mines Quart., v. 62, no. 3, p. 39- 00239 Drewes, Harald. Geology of the Conners Pass quadrangle, Schell Creek Range, 43, 1967. east-central Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 557, 93 p., illus., tables 1967.

00876 Donnell, John R.; Culbertson, William C.; Cashion, W. B. Oil shale in the Green 00388 Drewes, Harald. A geochemical anomaly of base metals and silver in the River Formation [with French and Spanish abs.], in Drilling and production World southern Santa Rita Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in Geological Survey Petroleum Cong., 7th, Mexico, 1967, Proc., V. 3: London and New York, Elsevier research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D176-D182, Publishing Co., p. 699-702, illus., 1967. illus., tables, 1967.

Donnell, John R. See Tourtelot, Harry A. 00877 Drewes, Harald. See Hayes, Philip T. 01074

Donnell, John R. See Yeend, Warren E. 01395 00800 Dnke, Michael B.; Silver, Leon T. Petrology of eucrites, howardites, and mesosiderites, in Meteorites and tektites: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acfa, v. 31, 01396 Donnell, John R.; Yeend, Warren E. Geologic map of the Grand Valley no. 10, p. 1637-1665, illus., tables, 1967. quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 00525 Dnncan, A. C. Chemical quality of surface waters of Louisiana 1959-63 Basic 01397 Donnell, John R.; Yeend, Warren E. Geologic map of the South Mamm Peak records report No. 2: Baton Rouge, Louisiana Dept. Public Works, 137 p., 1967. quadrangle, Garfield and Mesa Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 00874 Duncan, D. C. Geologic setting of oil shale deposits and world prospects [with French and Spanish abs.], in Drilling and production World Petroleum Cong., 7th, 01398 Donnell, John R.; Yeend, Warren E. Geologic map of the North Mamm Peak Mexico, 1967, Proc., V. 3: London and New York, Elsevier Publishing Co., p. quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 659-667, illus., 1967. sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Dnnrnd, C. R. See Osterwald, F. W. 01696 01399 Donnell, John R.; Yeend, Warren E. Geologic map of the Hawxhurst Creek quadrangle, Garfield and Mesa Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file 01239 Dunton, Polly J. Determination of total bromine in brines by X-ray fluorescence: report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Appl. Spectroscopy, v. 22, no. 2, p. 99-100, tables, 1968. 01400 Donnell, John R.; Yeend, Warren E. Geologic map of the Housetop Mountain Dnrfor, C. N. See Cohen, Philip. 00714 quadrangle, Garfield and Mesa Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Dnrham, D. L. See Vedder, J. G. 00092 Donnell, John R. See Tourtelot, Harry A. 01841 00115 Durham, J. Wyatt; MacNeil, F. Stearns. Cenozoic migrations of marine invertebrates through the Bering Strait region, in The Bering Land Bridge (D. M. 00435 Doonan, Charles J.; Hendrickson, Gerth E. Ground water in Iron County, Hopkins, editor): Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, p. 326-349, tables, 1967. Michigan: Michigan Geol. Survey Water Inv. 7, 61 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00497 Durum, Walton H.; Hem, John D. Geochemistry of water, in IUGG quadrennial 00976 Dorr, Van N., 2d; Sweeney, John W. Manganese, in Mineral resources of the report (U.S.A.): Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 2, p. 741-744, 1967. Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 416-425, illus., table, 1968. Dutro, J. T., Jr. See G rye, George. 00066 Doskins, Erik. See Maltby, Calvin S. 01632 00501 Dutro, J. Thomas, Jr. Paleontology: Geotimes, v. 13, no. 1, p. 17-18, 19'8. 01278 Doty, G. C. Supply well for Dona Ana Range Camp, Dona Ana County, New Dutton, C. E. See James, H. L. 02045 Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 23 p., illus., 1967. 00815 Dutton, Carl E. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of the 01528 Doty, G. C. Summary of test wells drilled for MAR site water supply, White Huron, Seney, Michigan Islands, Green Bay, and Gravel Island Nationa' Wildlife Sands Missile Range, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 19 p., illus., Refuges of Michigan and Wisconsin: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-1, p. 11-114, 1968. illus., 1968. A272 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01483 Dutton, Carl E.; Bradley, Reta A. Map of northern half of Wisconsin showing 02217 Ege, John R. Stability index for underground structures in granitic rock [abs.]: geologic data of Precambrian area: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 4 sheets, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 395, 1968. scale 1:500,000, 1968. 01929 Eggleton, R. E.; Smith, E. I. Preliminary geologic map of the Rumker quadrangle Dntton, X. W. See Coffin, D. L. 01878 of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:1,000,000, text, 1968.

Dyer,H. B. See Hawley, C. C. 01063 00016 Ehrlich, Carry G.; Schoen, Robert. Possible role of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in surficial acid alteration near hot springs, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. Dyni.J. R. See Culbertson, W. C. 00267 C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C110-C112, 1967.

Dyni, John R. See Kite, Robert J. 00420 Eilertsen, Nils A. See Newman, William L. 00944

01197 Dyni, John R. Geologic map of the Elk Springs quadrangle, Moffat County, Eilertsen, Nils A. See French, Alice E. 00951 Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-702, scale 1:62.5000, sections, text, 1968. Eilertsen, Nils A. See Herz, Norman. 00981

Dyni, John R. See Rioux, Robert L. 01436 Eilertsen, Nils E. See Espenshade, Gilbert H. 00960

00482 Eagle, Henry C. Effective use of upper Snake River water resources Discussion 00197 Einarsson, Thorleifur; Hopkins, David M.; Doell, Richnrd R. The stratigraphy [of paper 5147 by J. W. Frink and M. K. Fulcher, 1967]: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers of Tjornes, northern Iceland, and the history of the Bering land bridge, in The Bering Proc., v. 93, Jour. Irrigation and Drainage Div., no. IR4, p. 153-154, 1967. land bridge (Hopkins, David M., editor): Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, p. 312-325, 1967. 00422 Eakin, Thomas E.; Hnghes, Jerry L.; Moore, Donald O. Water-resources appraisal of Steptoe Valley, White Pine and Elko Counties, Nevada: Nevada Dept. Ekren, E. B. See Rogers, C. L. 00058 Conserv. and Nat. Resources Water Resources-Reconn. Ser. Rept. 42, 48 p., illus., tables, 1967. Ekren, E. B. See Rogers, C. L. 01092

00540 Eargle, D. Hoye. Nomenclature of formations of Claiborne Group, middle Ekren, E. B. See Anderson, R. E. 01776 Eocene, coastal plain of Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1251-D, p. D1-D25, illus., table, 1968. 01785 Ekren, E. B.; Rogers, C. L.; Anderson, R. E.; Orkild, P. P. Age of basin and range normal faults in Nevada Test Site and Nellis Air Force Range, Nevada [abs.]: 01229 Eargle, D. Hoye. Stratigraphy and structure of the Tatum salt dome area, Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 396, 1968. southeastern Mississippi and northeastern Washington Parish, Louisiana, in Saline deposits Internat. Conf. Saline Deposits, Houston, Tex., 1962, Symposium: Geol. 01848 Ekren, E. B. Geologic setting of Nevada Test Site and Nellis Air Force Range Soc. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 381-405, illus., table, 1968. [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 395-396, 1968.

01994 Eargle, D. Hoye; Weeks, Alice M. D. Factors in the formation of uranium Ekren, E. B. See Noble, Donald C. 01934 deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, U.S.A. [abs.]: Internat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 184-185, 1968. 00198 Eller, Robert C.; McKenzie, Morris L. Analytical and semi-analytical aerotriangulation in the United States Geological Survey, in United Nations 01752 Eaton, J. P.; Krivoy, H. L. Rapid tilting recorded by Press-Ewing seismographs Regional Cartographic Conf. for Asia and the Far East, 4th, Manila, 1964 V. 2, at Kilauea Volcano during the 1959 summit eruption [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Proc. and Tech. Papers: New York, United Nations, p. 292-297, illus., 1966. Spec. Paper 101, p. 302, 1968. Elliott, Raymond L. See Reed, Bruce L. 01102 01753 Eaton, J. P.; Pitt, A. M.; Mnnson, R. D. Background seismicity in the Yellowstone-Hebgen Lake region [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 01931 Elliott, Raymond L.; Reed, Brnce L. Results of strearr-sediment sampling 302-303, 1968. between Windy Fork and Post River, southern Alaska Range: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 4 p., illus., table, 1968. 02178 Eaton, J. P.; Roller, J. C. A combined crustal calibration-microearthquake study along the San Andreas fault south of Hollister [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Elliott, Raymond L. See Reed, Bruce L. 01946 Cordilleran Sec., Seismol. Soc. America, and Paleontological Soc., Ann. Mtg., Tucson, Ariz., 1968, Program, p. 54, 1968. Ellison, Robert L. See Trainer, Frank W. 01122 Eaton, Jerry P. See Bateman, Paul C. 00736 Elston, Donald P. See Shoemaker, Eugene M. 01228 01655 Eaton, Jerry P. Evidence on the eruptive mechanism of Kilauea Volcano from 01504 Elston, Donald P. Accretion of the Murray carbonaceous chondrite and seismic and strain measurements A key to prediction?: United States-Japan Conf. implications regarding chondrule and chondrite formation: U.S. Geol. Survey open- on Research Related to Earthquake Prediction, 2d, Proc., p. 55-56, 1966. file report, 64 p., tables, 1967. 01721 Eaton, Jerry P. Spatial distribution of aftershocks of the June 27, 1966, 02216 Elston, Donald P. Character and geologic habitat of potential deposits of water, Parkfield-Cholame earthquake on the San Andreas fault zone [abs.], in Proceedings carbon, and rare gases on the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey op^n-file report, 25 p., of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford illus., tables, 1968. Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 84, 1968. 00758 Emery, K. O.; Zarudzki, E. F. K. Seismic reflection profiles along the drill holes 01997 Eberlein, G. Donald; Chnrkin, M. Paleozoic mobile belt along the continental on the continental margin off Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey P'of. Paper 581-A, p. margin, southeastern Alaska [abs.]: Internat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, A1-A8, illus., 1967. Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 45, 1968. 01571 Emery, K. O.;Wigley, R. L.; Bartlett, Alexandra S.; Rnbii, Meyer; Barghoorn, 00076 Eckel, Edwin B. Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on air and water E. S. Freshwater peat on the continental shelf: Science, v. 15S, no. 3806, p. 1301- transport, communications, and utilities systems in south-central Alaska: U.S. Geol. 1307, 1967. Survey Prof. Paper 545-B, p. B1-B27, illus., 1967. Emery, K. O. See Trumbull, J. V. A. 01594 01784 Eckel, Edwin B. Development of geologic knowledge at Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 394-395, 1968. 01972 Emery, K. O.; Kaye, C. A.; Loring, D. H.; Mota, D. J. G. European Cretaceous flints on the coast of North America: Science, v. 160, no. 3833, p. 1225-1228, 00011 Eddy, J. E.; Henry, V. J.; Hoyt, John; Bradley, Edwnrd. Description and use 1968. of an underwater television system on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C72- Emery, P. A. See Keech, C. F. 00565 C76, illus., 1967. Emiliani, C. See Smith, P. B. 01983 Edgerton, Cnrt D., Jr. See Thomson, Robert D. 00926 00363 Engberg, Richard A. The nitrate hazard in well water with special reference Edgerton, Cnrt D., Jr. See Meyer, Richard F. 00940 to Holt County, Nebraska: Nebraska Water Survey Paper 21, 18 p., illus., 1967. Edgerton, Cnrt D., Jr. See Cox, Dennis P. 00964 Engel, Celeste. See Lovering, T. S. 01565 00427 Edmonds, R. J. Ground water in the Window Rock-Lukachukai area, Navajo Engel, Celeste G. See Hilde, Thomas W. C. 00601 Indian Reservation, Arizona and New Mexico, in Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni- Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and New Mexico New Mexico Geol. Soc., 18th Field Engels,J. See Cater, Fred W. 01669 Conf. 1967: Socorro, N. Mex., New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 86-91, illus., 1967. Engels, Joan. See Hopson, C. A. 01573 Ege, John R. See Noble, Donald C. 00045 Engler, Vivinn L. See Smith, Merritt B. 00205 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A273

02046 Engluud, Kenneth J. Geology and coal resources of the Elk Valley area. 00459 Fader, Stuart W. Notes on the shape of the truncated cone of depression in Tennessee and Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 572, 59 p., illus., tables, the vicinity of an infinite well field: Kansas Geol. Survey Spec. Distrit. Pub. 33, geol. maps, 1968. lip., 1967. Epstein, Anita G. See Epstein, Jack B. 00647 Fahey, Joseph J. See F rench, Bevan M. 01681

Epstein, Jack B. See Davis, Robert E. 00124 00088 Farlekas, George M. Floods on Delaware River in the vicinity of Belvidere, New Jersey: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-263, scale 1:24,000, text, 00647 Epstein, Jack B.; Epstein, Anita G. Geology in the region of the Delaware to 1967. Lehigh water gaps Field Conf. Pennsylvania Geologists, 32d Ann., 1967, Guidebook: Harrisburg, Pa., Bur. Topog. and Geol. Survey, 96 p., illus., tables, Farnsworth, R. K. See Stewart, G. L. 01041 1967. Farquhar, O. C. See Raisz, Erwin. 00311 01388 Epstein, Jack B.; D'Agostino, John P.; Drake, Avery Ala, Jr.; Lampiris, Nicholas. Preliminary log of exploratory hole drilled near Riegelsville, Pennsylvania: U.S. 00142 Fary, Raymond W., Jr. Explorers from space: Jour. Geol. Education, v. 15, Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 p., illus., 1967. no. 3, p. 99-104, illus., 1967. 01390 Fassett, J. E. Core description from GB-1 (Gasbuggy 1) in the northeastern Ericksen, George E. See Laurence, Robert A. 00934 part of the San Juan Basin, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 37 p., 1967. 00941 Ericksen, George E.; Thomson, Robert D. Construction materials, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 163- Feitler, Stanley A. See Stansfield, Robert G. 00943 167, illus., tables, 1968. Feitler, Stanley A. See Lesure, F. G. 00955 00947 Ericksen, George E.; Thomson, Robert D. Lime, in Mineral resources of the Apalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 225-227, illus., table, Feitler, Stanley A. See Weis, Paul L. 00959 1968. Feitler, Stanley A. See Kinkel, Arthur R., Jr. 00973 00948 Ericksen, George E.; Cox, Dennis P. Limestone and dolomite, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 227- Feitler, Stanley A. See Fischer, R. P. 00984 252, illus., tables, 1968. 00160 Feltis, R. D. Ground-water conditions in Cedar Valley, Utah County, Utah: Erickson, R. L. See Canney, F. C. 00683 Utah State Engineer Tech. Pub. 16, 34 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Erickson, R. L. See Wells, J. D. 01697 01022 Feltis, R. D. Preliminary assessment of ground water in the Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. 00627 Erickson, Ralph L. Economic geology: Geotimes, v. 13, no. 1, p. 11-12, 1968. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B200-B204, tables, 1968. 00117 Espenshade, G. H.; Boudette, E. L. Geology and petrology of the Greenville Feltz, Herman R. See Slack, Keith V. 01855 quadrangle, Piscataquis and Somerset Counties, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1241-F, p. F1-F60, illus., tables, 1967. Ferguson, George E. See Vice, Raymond B. 00494 00299 Espenshade, G. H. Review of "Man's home The Earth", by M. H. Chandler: Ferm, John C. See Whittington, Charles L. 00059 Science Books (Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci.), v. 3, no. 1, p. 37, 1967. 01786 Fernald, Arthur T.; Corchary, George S.; Williams, William P.; Co'ron, Roger 01030 Espenshade, G. H. Review of "Geology of carbonatites," by E. Wm. Heinrich: B. Surficial deposits of Yucca Flat area, Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Sci. Books Quart. Rev., v. 3, no. 4, p. 304, 1968. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 397, 1968. 01279 Espenshade, G. H. Reconnaissance geologic map and structure map of the Ferrians, Oscar J., Jr. See Miller, Thomas P. 01947 Yadkin Valley region, North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 sheets, scale 1:200,000, 1967. Feth,J. H. See Dawdy, D. R. 00319 02005 Espenshade, G. H. Review of "James Button The founder of modern geology," 00743 Feth, J. H. Chemical characteristics of bulk precipitation in the Mo.;r»ve Desert by Edward B. Bailey: Science Books Quart. Rev., v. 4, no. 1, p. 30, 1968. region, California, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. G

01949 Fischer, Hugo B. Methods for predicting dispersion coefficients in natural Ford, Arthur B. See Beck, Myrl E., Jr. 00651 streams, with applications to lower reaches of the Green and Duwamish Rivers, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 582-A, p. A1-A27, illus., table, 1968. 01619 Ford, Arthur B.; Boudette, Eugene L. On the staining of anorthoclase: Am. Mineralogist, v. 53, p. 331-334, 1968. 00984 Fischer, R. P.; Feitler, Stanley A. Vanadium, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 449-450, 1968. Forsyth, Jane L. See Goldthwait, Richard P. 00213

00890 Fischer, William A. Eros Viewing the earth from space: GeoScience News, 00452 Foster, Helen; Karlstrom, Thor N. V. Ground breakage aid associated effects v. l,no. 3, p. 16-19, illus., 1968. in the Cook Inlet area, Alaska, resulting from the March 27, 1964, earthquake: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 543-F, p. F1-F28, illus., 1967. 01211 Fischer, William A. Satellite detection of natural resources: Practical Space Applications, v. 21, p. 399-409, 1967. Foster, Helen L. See Jolly, James H. 00430

Fish, George E., Jr. See Stansfield, Robert G. 00943 01755 Foster, Helen L.; Forbes, Robert B.; Ragan, Doual M. Granulite and peridotite inclusions from Prindle Volcano, Yukon-Tanana Upland, Alaska [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Fish, George E., Jr. See Withington, C. F. 00945 America Spec. Paper 101, p. 306-307, 1968.

Fish, George E., Jr. See Wright, Wilna B. 00975 01881 Foster, Helen L. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Tanacross quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, texf, 1968. Fish, George E., Jr. See Adams, John W. 00979 01882 Foster, Helen L.; Keith, Terry C. Preliminary geologic rrap of the Eagle B- 01867 Fish, Robert E. Low-flow forecasting on the Delaware River: Am. Soc. Civil 1 andC-1 quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file r»,oort, scale 1:63,360, Engineers Proc., v. 94, paper 5978, Jour. Irrigation and Drainage Div., no. IR 2, 1968. p. 223-232, illus., tables, 1968. Foster, Helen M. See Holmes, G. William. 00541 01133 Fisher, Donald W. Annual variations in chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation, eastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia: U.S. Geol. Survey 00742 Foster, Margaret D. Tetrasilicic dioctahedral micas Celadonite from near Water-Supply Paper 1535-M, p. M1-M21, illus., table, 1968. Reno, Nevada, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C17-C22, illus., tables, 1967. 01012 Fisher, Frederick S.; Ketuer, Keith B. Late Tertiary syncline in the southern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. 00379 Foster, Robert L. Tectonic inclusions from a serpentinite, east-central Alaska, Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B144-B147, illus., table, 1968. in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Surrey Prof. Paper 575- D, p. D120-D122, illus., 1967. 02244 Fisher, Frederick S.; Ketuer, Keith B. Late Tertiary syncline and regional deformation in the southern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Foster, Robert L. See Chapman, Robert M. 01264 America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 36-37, 1968. 00656 Fournier, R. O. Review of "Principles of geochemistry," by Brian Mason: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 3, p. 834-835, 1967. Fisher, George W. See Southwick, David L. 00881 Founder, R. O. See White, D. E. 01191 00906 Fishmau, M. J.; Robinson, B. P.; Midgett, M. R. Water analysis: Anal. Chemistry, v. 39, no. 5, p. 261R-294R, 1967. Fournier, R. O. See White, D. E. 01901

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01178 Fiske, Richard S,; Kinoshita, Willie T. Deformation studies on Kilauea Volcano, 01999 Fournier, R. O.; Truesdell, A. H.; Muffler, L. J. P.; Whits D. E. Subsurface Hawaii, prior to the eruption of November 1967 [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union hydrothermal conditions in Yellowstone National Park as deduced from the Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 353, 1968. distribution and compositions of hot spring waters [abs.]: Irternat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 375-376, 1968. Fitzsimmons, J. Paul. See Read, Charles B. 00824 Fournier, R. O. See White, D. E. 02242 00153 Flanagau, F. J.; Gwyu, M. E. Sources of geochemical standards: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 7, p. 1211-1213, table, 1967. 02246 Fournier, R. O.; Truesdell, A. H.; White, D. E.; Muffler, L. J. P. Some results of recent U.S. Geological Survey studies of thermal waters in Yellowstone National 00844 Fleischer, Michael. Fluoride content of ground water in the conterminous United Park, Wyo'ming [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. S";c., 21st Ann. Mtg., States, in Relation of geology and trace elements to nutrition: Geol. Soc. America Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 38, 1968. Spec. Paper 90, p. 65, illus., 1967. 01680 Fouruier, Robert O.; Rowe, Jack J. Estimation of underground temperatures Fleischer, Michael. See Schaller, W. T. 01626 in hot spring systems from the silica content of hot spring and geothermal well waters [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 71-72, 19'S. 01962 Fleischer, Michael. Variation of the ratio Ni/Co in igneous rock series: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 58, p. 108-117, 1968. Fowler, K. H. See Hoffard, S. H. 01851 Fleischer, Michael. See Frondel, Judith W. 02191 00469 Foxworthy, B. L.; Bryant, C. T. Artificial recharge through a well tapping basalt aquifers at The Dalles, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-S-ipply Paper 1594-E, 02199 Fleischer, Michael. Review of "Geochemistry and mineralogy of rare elements p. E1-E55, illus., tables, 1967. and genetic types of their deposits," K. A. Vlasov, editor: Geotimes, v. 12, no. 9, p. 40, 1967. 01023 Frauke, O. L. Double-mass-curve analysis of the effects of sewering on ground- water levels on Long Island, New York, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. 01538 Flippo, H. N., Jr.; Joyuer, B. F. Low streamflow in the Myakka River basin B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B205-B209, illus., tables, 1968. area in Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 60 p., illus., 1968. Franklin, G. J. See Kehn, T. M. 00026 Floyd, E. O. See Lloyd, O. B., Jr. 01323 00048 Franklin, George J. Geologic map of the Coiltown quadrangle, Hopkins County, Forbes, M. J., Jr. See Cardwell, G. T. 00523 Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-629, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Forbes, M. J., Jr. See Winner, M. D.,-Jr. 01864 00951 French, Alice E.; Eilertsen, Nils A. Abrasives, in Mineral resources of the Forbes, Robert B. See Foster, Helen L. 01755 Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 2^1-268, illus., tables, 1968. Ford, A. B. See Schmidt, Dwight L. 00419 00953 French, Alice E.; Stansfield, Robert G. Asbestos, in Mineral resources of the 01656 Ford, A. B.; Andersen, Bjorn G. Transport and sorting of debris in Antarctica Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 268-270, illus., 1968. by repeated thermal contraction and rupture of underlying ice: Jour. Geology, v. 75, no. 6, p. 722-732, 1967. 00958 French, Alice E. Gem-stone, mineral, and fossil collecting, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 288-303, illus., 01998 Ford, A. B.; Boyd, W. W. The Dufek intrusion, a major stratiform gabbroic table, 1968. body in the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 47, 1968. 01681 French, Bevau M.; Fahey, Joseph J. Short-range cherrical variations in a manganoan axinite from the Mesabi Range, Minnesota [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America 02245 Ford, A. B.; Boyd, W. W., Jr. The Dufek intrusion A major stratiform mafic Spec. Paper 101, p. 73, 1968. complex in the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 37, 1968. French, J. J. See LaFreniere, G. F. 01544 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A275

Frendzel, Donald J. See Thomson, Robert D. 00926 01611 Garza, Sergio. Water-delivery study, lower Nueces River valley, Texfs: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 75, 65 p., illus., tables, 1968. Frendzel, Donald J. See Arndt, Harold H. 00937 01875 Gates, George O.; Grantz, Arthur; Patton, W. W., Jr. Geology and natural gas Frendzel, Donald J. See Maxwell, Charles H. 00950 and oil resources of Alaska, in Natural gases of North America Pt. 1, Natural gases in rocks of Cenozoic age: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Merr, 9, v. 1, Frendzel, Donald J. See Cornwall, H. R. 00972 p. 3-48, illus., tables, 1968.

Friedman, Irving. See Matsuo, Sadao. 00637 00669 Ganlt, D.; Collins, R.; Gold, T.; Green, J.; Kuiper, G. P.; Masnrsky, H.: O'Keefe, J.; Phinney, R.; Shoemaker, E. M. Lunar theory and processes, in Surveyor III Friedman, Irving. See Steven, T. A. 00992 mission report Pt. 2, Scientific results: California Inst. Technology Jet F'^pulsion Lab. Tech. Rept. 32-1177 [v. 2], p. 195-213, illus., 1967. 01071 Friedman, Irving. Hydration rind dates rhyolite flows: Science, v. 159, no. 3817, p. 878-880, illus., 1968. 00668 Ganlt, D. E.; Adams, J. B.; Collins, R. J.; Green, J.; Kuiper, G. P.; faznrsky, H.; O'Keefe, J. A.; Phinney, R. A.; Shoemaker, E. M. Surveyor V Discussion Friedman, Irving. See Begemann, Friedrich. 01224 of chemical analysis: Science, v. 158, no. 3801, p. 641-642, table, 1967.

Friedman, Irving. See Begemann, Friedrich. 01591 GawareckjSJ. See Moxham, R. M. 01511 01641 Friedman, Irving. Hydration rim-dating Its history and recent status, in'Am. 00774 Gawarecki, Stephen J.; Moxham, Robert M.; Morgan, Joseph O.; Parlor, Dana Assoc. Adv. Sci., 134th Ann. Mtg., New York, 1967, Program, p. 174-175, 1967. C. Infrared survey of Irazu volcano and vicinity, Costa Rica [abs.]: Pho*ogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 6, p. 676, 1967. 01650 Friedman, Irving; Redfield, A. C. The hydrology of the lakes of the Grand Coulee, Washington, as deduced from deuterium measurements [abs.]: Am. Gaydos,M.W. See Cardwell, G. T. 00523 Geophys. Union Geophys. Mon. Ser. 11, p. 77-80, 1967. Gazdik, William B. See Wayland, Russell G. 01635 02247 Friedman, Irving; Gleason, Jim D.; Jnrceka, F. Joseph. Some investigations of the deposition of travertine from hot springs [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Geonzalez, Lonis. See Theobald, P. K., Jr. 00820 Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. 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I. 00376 Limited, p. 180-186, 1965. , Frischknecht, Frank C. See Anderson, W. L. 00825 01001 Gibbs, J. F.; Willden, Ronald; Carlson, J. E. Gravity anomalies in the Ruby Mountains, northeastern Nevada, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: 02191 Frondel, Jndith W.; Fleischer, Michael; Jones, Robert S. Glossary of uranium- U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B88-B94, illus., 1968. and thorium-bearing minerals, 4th edition: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1250, 69 p., 1967; originally published 1950. 01810 Gihson, T. G. Paleoenvironments and basin mobility in the Miocene of the Atlantic Coastal Plain [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 436, P68. Frost, John E. See Radtke, Arthur S. 00380 00416 Gibson, Thomas G.; Walker, William M. Flotation methods for obtaining Fnllenbaum, Richard. See Schreck, Albert E. 00928 Foraminifera from sediment samples: Jour. Paleontology, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1294- 1297, 1967. Fnrbish, William J. See Clarke, James W. 01235 00657 Gibson, Thomas G.; Schlee, John. Sediments and fossiliferous rocks from the 00035 Fnrness, L. W.; Bnsby, M. W. Two methods of estimating base flow at ungaged eastern side of the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas: Deep-Sea Research, v. 14, stream sites in Kansas and adjacent states, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. no. 6, p. 691-702, illus., 1967. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C208-C211, illus., 1967. 00162 Giese, G. L.; Barr, J. W. The Hudson River estuary A preliminary investigation Gable, D. J. See Sims, P. K. 00078 of flow and water-quality characteristics: New York Water Resources Coiim. Bull. 61, 39 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00772 Gabrysch, R. K. Development of ground water in the Houston district, Texas, 1961-65: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 63, 35 p., illus., tables, 1967. Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01032 Gallo, Phillip A. See Arndt, Harold H. 00937 Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01033 Gann, E. Engene. See Bowie, James E. 00479 Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01034 00921 Garber, M. S.; Koopman, F. C. Methods of measuring water levels in deep Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01035 wells, chapter Al of book 8 Instrumentation: U.S. Geol. Survey Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 8, Chap. Al, 23 p., 1968. Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01036 01068 Card, Leonard M., Jr. Bedrock geology of the Lake Tapps quadrangle, Pierce Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01037 County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 388-B, p. B1-B33, illus., table, geol. map, 1968. Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01608 Gardner, Louis S. See Ruane, Paul J. 01338 Gilbert, P.P. See Popenoe, Peter. 01609 Gardner, Lonis S. See Ruane, Paul J. 01339 Gilchrist, J. See Senftle, F. E. 01187 Gardner, Louis S. See Ruane, Paul J. 01340 00863 Gildersleeve, Benjamin. Geologic map of the Quality quadrangle, B -tier and Logan Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-673, scale Gardner, Louis S. See Ruane, Paul J. 01341 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 01561 Gardner, Lonis S. Phichit gypsum deposit, central Thailand: Royal Thai Dept. 00907 Gill, Harold E.; Carswell, Lonis. Internal flow in multi-screen wells ir the New Mineral Resources Rept. Inv. 9, 41 p., 1967. Jersey Coastal Plain [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Northeastern Sec., 3d Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968, Program, p. 29, 1968. 01562 Gardner, Lonis S.; Haworth, Howard F.; Chiangmai, Pongpan Na. Salt resources of Thailand: Royal Thai Dept. Mineral Resources Rept. Inv. 11, 100 p. illus., 02248 Gill,'J. R.; Cobban, W. A. Stratigraphy and geologic history of the Montana tables, 1967. Group, south-central Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 39, 1968. 01563 Gardner, Lonis S. The Mae Mo lignite deposit in northwestern Thailand: Royal Thai Dept. Mineral Resources Rept. Inv. 12, 72 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00061 Gilluly, James. Geologic map of the Winnemucca quadrangle, Pershing and Humboldt Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-656, scale Garrett, A. A. See Hidaka, F. T. 00505 1:62,500, sections, 1967. A276 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01280 Giroux, P. R.; Huffmau, G. C. Summary of ground-water conditions in Michigan 01097 Goudarzi, Gus H.; Smith, Avery E. Geologic map of the Dundee quadrangle, in 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 128 p., illus., tables, 1967. Ohio County, Kentucky: U.S Geol. Survey Geol. Quad, ffap GQ-688, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. Glaucy, Patrick A. See Rush, F. Eugene. 01859 01101 Goudarzi, Gus H. Geologic map of the Hartford quadrangle, Ohio County, Glanzmau, R. K. See Coffin, D. L. 01878 Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-741, sca'e 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. Gleasou, Jim D. See Friedman, Irving. 02247 01281 Goudarzi, Gus H. Geology and mineral resources of Libya, a reconnaissance: Gleuu, Jerry L. See Prych, Edmund A. 00175 U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 377 p., illus., tables; geol. ma-*, 1967.

00567 Glover, Lynn, 3d. Cuyon Formation of east-central Puerto Rico, in Changes Cower, H. D. See Vedder, J. G. 00092 in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey 1966- U S. Geol Survey Bull. 1254-A, p. A18-A19, illus., 1967. 00996 Granger, Harry C. Localization and control of uranium deposits in the southern 00568 Glover, Lyuu, 3d; Mattsou, Peter H. The Jacaguas Group in central-southern San Juan basin mineral belt, New Mexico An hypothesis, in Geological Survey Puerto Rico, in Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B p. B60-B70, illus., Survey, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-A, p. A29-A39, illus., 1967. 1968. Godsou, Richard H. See Watkins, Joel S. 00480 00140 Graut, Richard E. Biographical sketch of Porter M. Kier: Jour. Paleontology, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1037, 1967. 01195 Godwin, Larry H. Geologic map of the Chair Mountain quadrangle, Gunnison and Pitkin Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-704, scale 00700 Grant, Richard E. Structural adaptation in two Permian brachiopod genera. 1:24,000, sections, text, 1968. Salt Range, West Pakistan: Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 1-32, illus., 1968. 00867 Goerlitz, Donald F.; Lamar, William L. Determination of phenoxy acid 01223 Graut, Richard E. Review of "Silicified productoids from the Visean of County herbicides in water by electron-capture and microcoulometric gas chromatography: Fermanagh," by C. H. C. Brunton: Quart. Rev. Biology, v. 42, no. 4, p. 535, U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1817-C, p. C1-C21, illus., tables, 1967. 1967. 00438 Goines, W. H. Temperature of Texas streams: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. Grautz, Arthur. See Cobb, Edward H. 00531 65, 232 p., illus., tables, 1967. Grautz, Arthur. See Gates, George O. 01875 Gold,T. See Gault, D. 00669 Graves, M.L. See Levering, T. G. 00017 Goldberg, M. C. See Babad, Harry. 02160 Gray, Clifftou H., Jr. See Smith, George I. 01805 Goldberg, M. C. See Babad, Harry. 02161 Greeu.J. See Gault, D. E. 00668 Goldeu, H. G. See Newton, J. G. 00172 Green, J. See Gault, D. 00669 Goldeu, H. G. See Scott, J. C. 01872 Greene, G. W. See Moxham, R. M. 01511 Goldich, Samuel S. See Muehlberger, William R. 01838 Greene, Gordon W. See Moxham, Robert M. 00580 Goldmau, H. J. See Watts, H. V. 01384 Greene, Gordon W. See Sass, J. H. 01185 Goldmau, H. J. See Watts, H. V. 01521 Greene, Robert C. See Walker, George W. 00121 01522 Goldmau, Howard; Marshall, Robert. Comparison of a UV scanner photomultiplier with an image orthicon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 14 00564 Greeue, Robert C. Geologic map of the Moberly quadrangle, Madison and Estill p., illus., table, 1967. Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-664, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 00044 Goldsmith, Richard. Bedrock geologic map of the Montville quadrangle. New London County, Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-609, scale 01057 Greeue, Robert C. Geologic map of the Panola quadrangle, Estill and Madison 1:24,000, sections, 1967. Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-686, scale 1:24,000, section .text, 1968. 00615 Goldsmith, Richard. Section of the Fatima Formation near Bahrah, Saud' Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 6 p., illus., table, 1968. 02022 Greene, Robert C. Petrography and petrology of the volcanic rocks in the Mount Jefferson area. High Cascade Range, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1251-G, 00213 Goldthwait, Richard P.; White, George W.; Forsyth, Jane L. Glacial map of p. G1-G48, illus., tables, 1968. Ohio: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-316, scale 1:500,000, revised 1967; originally published 1961. 00022 Greenland, L. Paul. Determination of phosphorus in silicate rocks by neutron activation, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S Geol. Survey Prof. 00436 Gonthier, Joseph B. Hydrologic data for the South Branch Pawtuxet River basin. Paper 575-C, p. C137-C140, table. 1967. Rhode Island: Rhode Island Water Resources Coordinating Board Hydrol. Bull. 6, 35 p., illus., tables, 1966. 00998 Greenland, L. Paul. Application of coincidence counting tT> neutron activation analysis, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S Geol. Survey Prof. Gonthier, Joseph B. See Rosenshein, J. S. 01106 Paper 600-B, p. B76-B78, illus., table, 1968. Goodlett, John C. See Denny, Charles S. 01015 Greeulaud, L. Paul. See Anderson, A. T. 01582 Goolsby, D. A. See Leve, G. W. 00290 00557 Greeumau, D. W.; Swarzenski, W. V.; Beuuett, G. D. Ground-water hydrology of the Punjab, West Pakistan, with emphasis on problems causer) by canal irrigation: Gordon, G.V. See Croft, M. G. 01542 U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1608-H, p. HI-H66, illus., tables, 1967. Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr. See Yochelson, Ellis L. 00375 01756 Greensfelder, R.; Hoover, D. Measurement of travel time1' in western Nevada from earthquake sources [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Pape- 101, p. 308, 1968. 01787 Gordon, Mackeuzie, Jr.; Poole, Forrest G. Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in southwestern Nevada and southeastern California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Griffiu, Margaret S. See Weld, Betsy A. 00845 America Spec. Paper 101, p. 398-399, 1968. Griffiths, M. L. See Dion, N. P. 00524 Gorsliue, D. S. See Yerkes, R. F. 00014 00466 Griffitts, Wallace R. Review of "Geochemistry of beryllium and genetic types 00262 Gosling, Arthur W. Patterns of subsurface flow in the Bloomington-Colton area, of beryllium deposits," by A. A. Beus: Econ. Geology, v. 52, no. 7, p. 1002-1004, upper Santa Ana Valley, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA- 1967. 268, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. 00961 Griffitts, Wallace R.; Sweeney, John W. Lithium and beryllium minerals, in Gott, G. B. See Kleinkopf, M. D. 02251 Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 309-311, illus., 1968. 00642 Gott, Garlaud B. Geochemical maps of the Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 01135 Griffitts, Wallace R. BaBeF4 , a possible undiscovered mineral: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 9-10, p. 1542-1544, table, 1967. 01497 Griggs, A. B. Geologic map of the northeast part of the Spokane 2° quadrangle. Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:125,000, 1968. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A277

01405 Griggs, R. L. Altered tuffaceous rocks of the Green River Formation in the Guy,H. P. See Rathbun, R. E. 00707 Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 38 p., illus., 1968. 00284 Guy, Harold P. Research needs regarding sediment and urbanization: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper 5596, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 6, p. 247- 00023 Grimaldi, F. S.; Schuepfe, Marian M. Determination of palladium in the parts- 254, 1967. per-billion range in rocks, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C141-C144, table, 1967. Guy, Harold P. See Vice, Raymond B. 00494

01002 Grimaldi, F. S.; Schuepfe, Marian M. Determination of palladium and platinum 00791 Guy, Harold P.; Rathbua, Ronald E.; Richardson, Everett V. Recircuhtion and in rocks, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geeol. Survey Prof. sand-feed type flume experiments: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper Paper 600-B, p. B99-B103, table, 1968. 5428, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 5, p. 95-114, illus., 1967.

Griscom, Andrew* See Bromery, R. W. 00346 01016 Guy, Harold P. Quality control of adjustment coefficients used in sediment sludies, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Griscom, Aadrew. See Zietz, Isidore. 01844 600-B, p. B165-B168, illus., lables, 1968.

01920 Grolier, M. J. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site II-P-6: U.S. Gwyu, M. E. See Flanagan, F. J. 00153 Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968. 00895 Hack, John T. Review of "A geologist's view of Cape Cod," by A. N. Strahler: 02196 Grolier, M. J. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse II-6-1 and vicinity: U.S. Atlantic Naturalist, v. 22, no. 2, p. 144, 1967. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. 01364 Hackmau, R. J. Photogeotogic map of the Laguna 2 quadrangle, McKinley, Gromme, C. E. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00475 Sandoval and Valencia Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-f le report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. Gramme, C. S. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00128 01365 Hackmau, R. J. Photogeologic map of the NE, NW, and SE quarters of the 00471 Gromme, C. S.; Merrill, R. T.; Verhoogeu, John. Paleomagnetism of Jurassic Laguna I quadrangle, Sandoval County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open- and Cretaceous plutonic rocks in the Sierra Nevada, California, and its significance file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. for polar wandering and continental drift: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 22, p. 5661-5684, illus., tables, 1967. 00383 Hackmau, Robert J. Geologic evaluation of radar imagery in southern Utah, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 00775 Gromme, C. S.; Merrill, R. T. Paleomagnetism of Upper Jurassic plutonic rocks D, p. D135-D142, illus., 1967. in the Sierra Nevada, California [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 28, no. 1, p. 78-79, 1966. Hadley, Jarvis B. See King, Philip B. 01136

Gromme, C. S. See Doell, Richard R. 01658 Hadley, Jarvis B. See Miller, Ralph L. 01140

Gromme, C. S. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 01836 Hadley, R. F. See Lusby, G. C. 00887 01003 Grossmau, I. G. Origin of the sodium sulfate deposits of the northern Great Plains of Canada and the United States, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. 01523 Hadley, R. F. (and others). The Geological Survey's role in' waf?r-supply B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B104-B109, illus., 1968. exploration and development under the Soil and Moisture Conservation Program: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 22 p., illus., 1968. Groves, H. Leon, Jr. See Raup. Omer B. 00006 01620 Haffty, Joseph; Riley, Leonard B. Determination of palladium, platinum, and 01821 Grozier, R. U.; Hejl, H. R., Jr.; Hembree, C. H. Water delivery study, Pecos rhodium by fire-assay emission spectrography: Talanta, v. 15, no. 1, p. 111-117, River, Texas, quantity and quality, 1967: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 76, 16 1968. p., illus., tables, 1968. Haffty, Joseph. See Noble, Donald C. 01797 00066 Gryc, George; Dutro, J. T., Jr.; Brosge, W. P.; Taillear, I. L.; Churkin, Michael. Devonian of Alaska [abs.], in Internal. Symposium on the Devonian System, 01505 Hahl, D. C. Dissolved-mineral inflow to Great Salt Lake, Ulah, and chemical Calgary, Sept. 1967, Abs. Proc.: Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum characteristics of the salt lake brine Pt. 3, Summary for water years I960, 1961, Geologists, p. 62, 1967. and 1964: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 82 p., illus., 1967. 00447 Gualtieri, J. L. Geologic map of the Brodhead quadrangle, east-central 01282 Haley, Boyd R. Geologic map of the Russellville West quadrangle, Pope and Kentcky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-662, scale 1:24,000, section, Yell Counties, Arkansas: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,OOC, 1967. text, 1967. 00900 Hall, W. E. Genesis of the southern Illinois fluorite-zinc district as viewed from 01598 Gualtieri, J. L. Geologic map of the Wildie quadrangle, Garrard and Rockcastle fluid inclusion and light stable isotope studies [abs.]: Inst. Mining and Metallurgy Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-684, scale 1:24,00, Trans., v. 76, Sec. B, Bull. 732, p. B224, 1967. section, text, 1968. 00324 Hall garth, W. E. Environment of western Colorado and southern Utah 01833 Gualtieri, J. L. Geologic map of the Johnetta quadrangle, Rockcastle and Intervals A-B (plate 10, maps B-C), in Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: Jackson Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-685, scale U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, text p. 54-56, 1967. 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 00768 Hallgarth, Walter E. Western Colorado, southern Utah, and northwestern New Gualtieri, James L. See Sharp, William N. 00846 Mexico, Chap. I in Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, p. 171-197, illus., table, 1967. Gude, Arthur J., 3d. See Raup, Omer B. 00006 Hambliu, W. Kenneth. See McKee, Edwin D. 01142 00823 Gude, Arthur J., 3d.; Sheppard, Richard A. Composition and genesis of analcime in the Barstow Formation, San Bernardino County, California [abs.], in Clays and Hamilton, John C. See Sainsbury, C. L. 02194 clay minerals Clay Minerals Conf., 15th, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1966, Proc.: London and New York, Pergamon Press (Internal. Ser. Mons. Earth ScL, V. 27), p. 180, 00135 Hamilton, Warren; Kriusley, David. Upper Paleozoic glacial deposits of South 1967. Africa and southern Australia: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 6 p. 783- 800, illus., 1967. Gude, Arthur J., 3d. See Sheppard, Richard A. 01803 00278 Hamilton, Warren. The Hallett volcanic province: Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 2, Guild, P. W. See Carr, M. S. 00440 no. 5, p. 177-178, illus., 1967. Guild, Philip W. See Wright, Wilna B. 00975 Hamilton, Warren. See Armstrong, Richard Lee. 00513 01699 Guild, Philip W. Metallotects of North America [abs.]: Mining Eng., v. 19, 00515 Hamilton, Warren. Mesozoic and Cenozoic continental drift in the southwestern no. 12, p. 33, 1967; Econ. Geology, v. 63, no. 1, p. 90, 1968. Pacific [abs.], in Symposium on continental drift, Montevideo, 1967. 00646 Gulbrandsea, R. A. (compiler). Selected references on the geology of phosphate 00805 Hamilton, Warren. Tectonics of Antarctica: Tectonophysics, v. 4, nos. 4-6, deposits in the western states (Post-1952), in Industrial seminar, western phosphate p. 555-568, 1967. region, 1966, Proc.: Montana Bur. Mines and Geology Spec. Pub. 42, p. 81-82, 1967. 00806 Hamilton, Warren. Continental drift in the Arctic [abs.], in Symposium on continental drift, Montevideo, 1967, Abstracts. 00590 Gulbrandsea, Robert A. Some compositional features of phosphorites of the Phosphoria Formation, in Anatomy of the western phosphate field Intermountain 01238 Hamilton, Warren. Continental drift in eastern Asia and Alaska [abs 1, in Age Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, Intermountain and nature of the circum-Pacific orogenesis Pacific Sci. Cong., llth, Tokyo, 1966, Assoc. Geologists, p. 99-102, illus., lables, 1967. Symposium: Tectonophysics, v. 4, nos 4-6, p. 569, 1967. A278 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01723 Hamilton, Warren; Myers, W. Bradley. Cenozoic tectonic relationships between 01283 Hart, D. L., Jr. Ground-water levels in observation well' in Oklahoma, 1965- the western United States and the Pacific Basin, in Proceedings of conference on 66: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 61 p., illus., tables, 1967. geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci.,v. 11, p. 342-357, 1968. 00277 Hartshorn, J. H.; Oldale, R. N.; Koteff, Carl. Preliminary report on the geology of the Cape Cod National Seashore, in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Hamlin, Howard P. See Knechtel, Maxwell M. 00134 Amherst, 1966, Proc.: Amherst, Mass., Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 49-58, illus., 1967. 02210 Hammond, R. E. A consolidated ADR (Analog Digital Recorder) trouble shooting checklist for field and office use: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 32 Hartshorn, J. H. See Chidester, A. H. 00333 p., illus., 1967. Hartshorn, J. H. See Oldale, R. N. 01489 Hampton, E. R. See Oster, E. A. 01470 00474 Hartshorn, Joseph H.; Col ton, Roger B. Geology of the southern part of glacial 01722 Hanna, William F. Aeromagnetic and gravity reconnaissance over the central Lake Hitchcock and associated deposits, Trip E in Guidebook for field trips in the part of the San Andreas fault [abs.], in Proceedings of conference on geologic Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts New England Intercollegiate Geol. Conf., problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 59th Ann. Mtg., Amherst, Mass., 1967: [New Haven, Conn., Yale Univ., Dept. 11, p. 214, 1968. Geology] p. 73-88, illus., 1967.

00083 Hansen, Arnold J., Jr. Availability of ground water in the Cayce quadrangle, 00687 Hartshorn, Joseph H. Geologic descriptions of USC"5 topographic maps Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky-Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Ticonderoga quadrangle. New York-Vermont; Monadnock quadrangle, New Atlas HA-180, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Hampshire; Kingston quadrangle, Rhode Island; Renovo West quadrangle, Pennsylvania: Jour. Geol. Education, v. 15, no. 5, p. 188-196, illus., 1967. 01094 Haasea, Arnold J., Jr. Availability of ground water in the Blandville quadrangle, Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA- 00753 Hartshorn, Joseph H.; Koteff, Carl. Geologic map of the Springfield South 184, scale 1:24,000, text, 1968. quadrangle, Hampden County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-678, scale 1:24,000, section, separate text, 1967. 00880 Hansen, Harry J., 3d. Hydrogeologic data from the Janes Island State Park test well (1,514 feet), Somerset County, Maryland: Maryland Geol. Survey Basic Hartwell, J. H. See Kohout, F. A. 00166 Data Rept. 3, p. 1-18, illus., tables, 1967. Hartwell, Joha W. See Hosterman, John W. 00942 Hansen, W. R. See Olson, J. C. 01065 Harvey, A. H. See Moxham, Robert M. 00580 00644 Hansen, Wallace R. The lower Black Canyon of the Gunnison: Natl. Parks Mag., v. 41, no. 238, p. 14-19, illus., 1967. 00369 Harwood, David S.; Berry, William B. N. Fossiliferous Lower Paleozoic rocks in the Cupsuptic quadrangle, west-central Maine, in Geological Survey research 00898 Haasen, Wallace R. The Alaska earthquake of 1964: Nature, v. 215, no. 5099, 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D16-D23, illus., table, p. 348-351, illus., 1967. 1967.

00460 Hanshaw, Bruce B.; Back, William; Ruhia, Meyer. Carbonate equilibria and Harwood, David S. See Boudette, Eugene L. 01258 radiocarbon distribution related to ground-water flow in the Floridan limestone aquifer, U.S.A.: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 74, p. 601-614, illus., 1967. 01374 Harwood, David S. Geology of the Arnold Pond quadrangle, Oxford and Franklin Counties, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 14 p., illus., 1967. Hanshaw, Brnce B. See Back, William. 00638 Hassan, Abdulla. See Rodis, Harry G. 01107 02037 Hanshaw, Penelope M. Bedrock geologic map of the Meriden quadrangle, New Hatch, N. L., Jr. See Chidester, A. H. 00333 Haven, Hartford, and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-738, scale 1:24,000, sections, separate text, 1968. 00413 Hatch, Norman L., Jr. Redefinition of the Hawley and Goshen Schists in western Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-D, p. D1-D16, i'lus., 1967. 00889 Hanson, G. N.; Himmelberg, G. R. Ages of mafic dikes near Granite Falls, Minnesota: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 27, no. 11, p. 1429-1432, illus., table, 00473 Hatch, Norman L., Jr.; Osberg, Philip H.; Norton, Stephen A. Stratigraphy and 1967. structure of the east limb of the Berkshire anticlinorium. Trip A in Guidebook for field trips in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts New Figland Intercollegiate 00036 Hanson, Ronald L. Characteristics of summer base flow of the Potomac River, Geol. Conf., 59th Ann. Mtg., Amherst, Mass., 1967: [Nev Haven, Conn., Yale in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- Univ., Dept. Geology] p. 7-16, 1967. C, p. C212-C215, illus., 1967. Hatch, Normaa L., Jr. See Boudette, Eugene L. 01258 02184 Harbonr, Jerry. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse HI-12-1 and vicinity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. 00784 Hathaway, Joha C. (editor). Data File, Continental Margin Program, Atlantic Coast of the United States V. 1, Sample collection data, Supp. 1: Woods Hole, 00285 Harder, A. H.; Kilburn, Chabot; Whitman, H. M.; Rogers, S. M. Effects of Mass., Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst. Reference 67-21, 108 p., ill is., table, 1967. ground-water withdrawals on water levels and salt-water encroachment in southwestern Louisiana: Louisiana Geol. Survey and Dept. Public Works Water Hathaway, John C. See Truper, Hans G. 00899 Resources Bull. 10, 56 p., illus., tables, 1967. Hathaway, John C. See Trumbull, James V. A. 01018 01321 Harmsen, Lynn; Ray, H. A. Determination of channel capacity of a reach of the Fresno River, Madera County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 01811 Hathaway, John C.; Schlee, John S. Stratigraphy and mineralogy of sediments 18 p:, illus., 1967. cored off northern Florida [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 437, 1968. 01817 Harrill, J. R. Hydrologic response to irrigation pumping in Diamond Valley, Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada, 1950-65, with a section on Surface water, by 00243 Hawley, C. C.; Moore, Frank Baker. Geology and ore deposits of the Lawson- R. D. Lamke: Nevada Dept. Conserv. and Nat. Resources Water Resources Bull. Dumont-Fall River district, Clear Creek County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey 35, 85 p., 1968. Bull. 1231, 92 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 01456 Harris, D. D. Evaporation study at Warm Springs Reservoir, Oregon: U.S. 01063 Hawley, C. C.; Robeck, R. C.; Dyer, H. B. Geology, altered rocks and ore Geol. Survey open-file report, 17 p., 1968. deposits of the San Rafael Swell, Emery County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1239, 115 p., illus., tables, geol. maps, 1968. 01870 Harris, D. D.; Sanderson, R. B. Use of dye tracers to collect hydrologic data in Oregon: Water Resources Bull., v. 4, no. 2, p. 51-68, illus., 1968. Hawley, C. C. See MacKevett, E. M., Jr. 01293 02192 Harris, David D. Travel rates of water for selected streams in the Willamette 01484 Hawley, C. C.; Clark, Alien L.; Benfer, J. Alan. Geology of the Golden Zone River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-273, 2 sheets, scale mine area, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 18 p., illus., tables, 1968. 1:500,000, text, illus., 1968. 01829 Hawley, C. C.; Clark, Alien L. Occurrences of gold ard other metals in the 01204 Harris, Leonard D. Geology of the L. S. Bales well, Lee County, Virginia upper Chulitna district, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 564, 21 p., illus., tables, A Cambrian and Ordovician test: Kentucky Geol. Survey, ser. 10, Spec. Pub. 14, 1968. p. 50-55, 1967. Ha worth, Howard F. See Gardner, Louis S. 01562 Harrison, J. E. See Kleinkopf, M. D. 01179 Hayes, P.T. See Pools, F. G. 00745 01892 Harrison, Jack E. Geologic interpretation of infrared imagery of the Pend Oreille area, Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 10 p., illus., table, 1968. 00571 Hayes, Philip T. Huachuca Quartz Monzonite, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, in Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature I" the U.S. Geological Harrison, Jack E. See Reynolds, Mitchell W. 02229 Survey, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-A, p. A29, illus., 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A279

Hayes, Philip T. See Pearson, Robert C. 00741 00286 Hem, John D. Equilibrium chemistry of iron in ground water, in Principles and applications of water chemistry Rudolfs Research Conf., 4th, Rutgers Univ., Proc.: 00816 Hayes, Philip T.; Ranp, Robert B. Geologic map of the Huachuca and Mustang New York and London, John Wiley and Sons, p. 625-643, illus., 1967. Mountains, southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-509, scale 1:48,000, sections, 1968. Hem, John D. See Durum, Walton H. 00497

01074 Hayes, Philip T.; Drewes, Harald. Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks Hembree, C. H. See Grozier, R. U. 01821 of southeastern Arizona, in Arizona Geol. Soc., Southern Arizona Guidebook 3 Geol. Soc. America, Cordilleran Sec., 64th Ann. Mtg., 1968: Tucson, Ariz., Arizona 00510 Hemley, J. J. Aqueous solutions and hydrothermal activity, in IUGG Geol. Soc., p. 49-58, 1968. quadrennial report (U.S.A.): Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 2, p. 647- 653, 1967. 01788 Hayes, Philip T. Igneous activity and mineralization of Triassic and Jurassic age in southeastern Arizona [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 400, Hemley, J. J. See Truesdell, A. H. 01648 1968. 02163 Hemley, J. J.; Meyer, C.; Hodgson, C. J.; Thatcher, A. B. Some sulfide Haynes, Donald D. See Moore, Samuel L. 00049 solubilities in alteration-controlled systems: Science, v. 158, p. 1580-1582, 1967. Hemley, J. Julian. See Meyer, Charles. 00204 01661 Hazel, J. E.; Kanffman, E. G.; Mello, J. F.; Beanchamp, R. G. Biostratigraphy of the exposed Paleocene Brightseat Formation in Maryland [abs.]: Am. Assoc. 01368 Hemphill, W. R. Photogeologic map of the east half of the Laguna 4 quadrangle, Adv. Sci., Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1966, Program, Sec. E, p. 17, 1966; Geol. Bernalillo, Sandoval, and Valencia counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open- Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 437-438, 1968. file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. 00671 Hazel, Joseph E. Corrections Classification and distribution of the recent 00306 Hemphill, William R. Geologic interpretation of the Gemini V photograph of Hemicytheridae and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) off northeastern North America: the Salt Range Potwar Plateau region, West Pakistan [abs.]: Photograrrm. Eng., Jour. Paleontology, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1284-1285, 1967. v. 33, no. 6, p. 677, 1967. 01050 Hazel, Joseph E. Ostracodes from the Brightseat Formation (Danian) of 01506 Hemphill, William R. Ultraviolet absorption and luminescence studies Progress Maryland: Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 100-142, 1968. report for the period from April to December, 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 57 p., illus., table, 1968. 00836 Healey, D. L. Gravity and seismic study of Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, in Mining geophysics V. 1, Case histories: Tulsa, Okla., 01831 Henbest, Lloyd G. Diagenesis in oolitic limestone of Morrow (Early Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 84-93, 1966. Pennsylvanian) age in northwestern Arkansas and adjacent Oklahoma: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 594-H, p. H 1-H22, illus., 1968. 01789 Healey, D. L. Application of gravity data to geologic problems at Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 400-401, 1968. 00598 Henderson, Roland G.; Zietz, Isidore. The computation of second vertical derivatives of geomagnetic fields, in Mining geophysics V. 2, Theory: Tuba, Okla., 01158 Healy, Henry G. Water levels in artesian and nonartesian aquifers of Florida Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 606-614, illus., tables, 1967. 1963-64: Florida Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 52, 68 p., illus., 1968. 00599 Henderson, Roland G.; Zietz, Isidore. Magnetic-doublet theory in the analysis Healy, J. H. See Borcherdt, R. D. 01336 of total-intensity anomalies, in Mining geophysics V. 2, Theory: Tuls*. Okla., Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 490-511, illus., tables, 1967. Healy, J. H. See Warren, D. H. 01897 00600 Henderson, Roland G.; Wilson, Alphonso. Polar charts for calculating aeromagnetic anomalies of three-dimensional bodies, in Mining geophysics V. 2, 01757 Healy, John H.; Jackson, Wayne H. Studies of microearthquakes associated Theory: Tulsa, Okla., Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 554-568, illus., tables, 1967. with a center of seismicity in the Denver area, Colorado [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 309-310, 1968. 00818 Henderson, Roland G. Use of Pirson's polar chart in calculating total-magnetic- intensity anomalies of two-dimensional bodies, in Mining geophysics V. 2, Theory: 00827 Hearn, B. Carter, Jr. Diatremes with kimberlitic affinities in north-central Tulsa, Okla., Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 549-553, illus., tables, 1967. Montana: Science, v. 159, no. 3815, p. 622-635, illus., 1968. Hendrickson, Gerth E. See Doonan, Charles J. 00435 Hearn, Carter. See Zietz, Isidore. 01494 Henry, V. J. See Eddy, J. E. 00011 00143 Hedge, Carl E. The age of the gneiss at the bottom of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal well: Mtn. Geologist, v. 4, no. 3, p. 115-117, illus., 1967. Hepp, Mary-Margaret. See Skipp, Betty. 01100 Hedge, Carl E. See Peterman, Zell E. 00519 Hernon, Robert M. See Jones, William R. 00079

Hedge, Carl E. See Peterman, Zell E. 01081 01552 Hernon, Robert M. Geology of the Ducktown, Isabella, and Persimmon Creek quadrangles, Tennessee and North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 01790 Hedge, Carl E.; Peterman, Zell E. Sr-87:Sr-86 ratios of some Tertiary 74 p., illus., geol. map, 1968. eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101 p 401,1968. HeropS. Dnncan, Jr. See Clarke, James W. 01235

Hedge, Carl E. See Muehlberger, William R. 01838 01770 Herrick, S. M.; Rima, D. R. Paleocene (Clayton) Foraminifera from an exposure near Pocahontas, Hardeman County, Tennessee [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 362, 1968. Hedlnnd, D. C. See Olson, J. C. 01065 Herskovits, Janet L. See Regan, Robert D. 01437 01885 Hedlnnd, D. C.; Olson, J. C. Geologic map of the complex of alkalic rocks at Iron Hill, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 00981 Herz, Norman; Eilertsen, Nils A. Titanium, in Mineral resources of the 1:12,000, 1968. Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 437-443, illu^ , tables, 1968. 01166 Heindl, L. A. Ground water in fractured volcanic rocks in southern Arizona [with French abs.], in Hydrology of fractured rocks Dubrovnik Symposium, 1965, 00271 Hewett, D. F.; Radtke, A. A. Silver-bearing black calcite in western mining Proc., V. 2: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 74, p. 503-513, illus., 1967. districts: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. 1, p. 1-21, illus., tables, 1967. Hejl, H. R., Jr. See Grozier, R. U. 01821 00538 Hewett, D. F. Silver in veins of hypogene manganese oxides: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 553, 9 p., illus., tables, 1968. Heller, S.J. See Wershaw, R. L. 02173 Heyl, A. V. See Zartman, R. E. 00492 01284 Hely, A. G.; Mower, R. W.; Horr, C. A. Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1966, Salt Lake County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Utah Basic- Heyl, Alien V. See Roedder, Edwin. 00518 Data Release 13), 85 p., illus., tables, 1967. Heyl, Alien V. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00985 Helz, Armin W. See Dinnin, Joseph I. 01210 01123 Heyl, Alien V. Some aspects of genesis of stratiform zinc-lead-barite-fluorite 00070 Hem, J. D.; Roberspn, C. E. Form and stability of aluminum hydroxide deposits in the United States, in Genesis of stratiform lead-zinc-barite-fluorite complexes in dilute solution: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1827-A, p. deposits (Mississippi Valley type deposits) A symposium, New York, 1966: Econ. A1-A55, illus., tables, 1967. Geology Mon. 3, p. 20-29, illus., 1967. 00536 Hem, J. D. Graphical methods for studies of aqueous aluminum hydroxide, 01700 Heyl, Alien V. The 38th parallel lineament and its relationship to ore deposits fluoride, and sulfate complexes: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1827-B [abs.]: Mining Eng., v. 19, no. 12, p. 33, 1967; Econ. Geology, v. 63, no. 1, p. p. B1-B33, illus., tables, 1968. 88, 1968.

318-835 O - 68 - 19 A280 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Heyward, Henry H. See Feulner, Alvin J. 00031 01683 Hoare, J. M.; Kuno, Hisashi. Occurrence of olivine "echgite" in volcanic ash of Nanwaksjiak Crater, Nunivak Island, Alaska [abs.]: Gecl. Soc. America Spec. 00086 Hickenlooper, I. J.; Lopez, M. A. Floods in the Ponce area, Puerto Rico: U.S. Paper 101, p. 94-95, 1968. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-261, scale 1:20,000, text, 1967. 01758 Hoare, J. M.; Condon, W. H. Occurrence and origin of eclogite and peridotite 00087 Hickenlooper, I. J. Floods at Barceloneta and Manati, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. inclusions in volcanic rocks of Nunivak Island, Alaska [abs.l: Geol. Soc. America Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-262, scale 1:20,000, text, 1967. Spec. Paper 101, p. 311, 1968.

01543 Hickey, J. J. Hydrogeologic study of the Soquel-Aptos area, Santa Cruz County, Hobbs, Robert G. See Brobst, Donald A. 00954 California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 83 p., illus., 1968. Hobbs, Robert G. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00968 00505 Hidaka, F. T.; Garrett, A. A. Evaluation of seepage from Chester Morse Lake and Masonry Pool, King County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Hobbs, Robert G. See Thayer, T. P. 00971 Paper 1839-J, p. J1-J26, illus., tables, 1967. Hobbs, Robert G. See Kinkel, Arthur R., Jr. 00973 Higer, Aaron L. See Kolipinski, Milton C. 02189 Hobbs, Robert G. See Parker, Raymond L. 00977 02049 Higgins, Michael W. Geologic map of the Brevard fault zone near Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-511, scale 1:48,000, sections, 00194 Hodges, Arthur L., Jr.; Butterfield, David. Ground water favorability map of 1968. the Lamoille River basin, Vermont: [Montpelier, Vt.] Vermont Dept. Water Resources, scale about 1 in. to 2 mi., text, 1967. 00601 Hilde, Thomas W. C.; Engel, Celeste G. Age, composition, and tectonic setting of the granite island, Hon Trung Lon, off the coast of South Vietnam: Geol. Soc. 00195 Hodges, Arthur L., Jr.; Bntterfield, David. Ground water favorability map of America Bull., v. 78, no. 10, p. 1289-1294, illus., tables, 1967. the Winooski River basin, Vermont: [Montpelier, Vt.] Vermont Dept. Water Resources, scale about 1 in. to 2 mi., text, 1967. Hill, D. P. See Decker, R. W. 00147 00196 Hodges, Arthur L., Jr.; Butterfield, David. Ground water favorability map of 00602 Hill, D. P.; Pakiser, L. C. Seismic-refraction study of crustal structure between the Missisquoi River basin, Vermont: [Montpelier, Vt.] Vermont Dept. Water the Nevada Test Site and Boise, Idaho: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 6, Resources, scale about 1 in. to 2 mi., text, 1967. p. 685-704, illus., tables, 1967. 00757 Hodges, Arthur L., Jr.; Butterfield, David. Ground water favorability map of 00081 Hill, Thelma P.; Werner, Marian A.; Horton, M. Julia, (compilers). Chemical the Lake Memphremagog basin, Vermont: [Montpelier, Vt.] Vermont Dept. Water composition of sedimentary rocks in Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Resources, scale about 1 in. to 2 mi., 1967. Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 561, 241 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00759 Hodges, Arthur L., Jr.; Butterfield, David. Ground water favorability map of the Nulhegan-Passumpsic River basin, Vermont: [Montpelfcr, Vt.] Vermont Dept. 00365 Hilpert, Lowell S. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of Water Resources, scale about 1 in. to 2 mi., text, 1967. the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Box Elder County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-C, p. C1-C10, illus., 1967. 00786 Hodges, E. B. (and others). Annual report on ground water in Arizona, spring Himmelberg, G. R. See Hanson, G. N. 00889 1965 to spring 1966: Arizona Land Dept. Water-Resources Rept. 32, 61 p., illus., 1967. Himmelberg, G. R. See Thayer, T. P. 01980 Hodgson, C. J. See Hemley, J. J. 02163 Himmelberg, Glen. See Barnes, Ivan. 02164 Hodson, W. G. See McGreevy, L. J. 01325 Hines, M. S. See Lamonds, A. G. 01292 01851 Hoffard, S. H.; Fowler, K. H. An investigation of floods in Hawaii through Hines, Marion S. See Albin, Donald R. 00746 June 30, 1967: Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S. Geol. Survey Bas;c Data Release Prog. Rept. 10, 167 p., 1968. 00258 Hinrichs, E. N.; Krummel, W. J., Jr.; Connor, J. J.; Moore, H. J., 3d. Geologic map of the northwest quarter of the Hatch Point quadrangle, San Juan County, Hoffmau.J.C. See Warren, D. H. 01897 Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-513, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Hollyday, Este F. See Seaber, Paul R. 01735 00851 Hinrichs, E. N.; Krummel, W. J., Jr.; Moore, H. J., 3d; Connor, J. J. Geologic map of the northeast quarter of the Hatch Point quadrangle, San Juan County, 00541 Holmes, G. William; Foster, Helen M.; Hopkins, David L. Pingos in central Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-526, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1241-H, p. HI-H40, illus., table, 1968. 00051 Hinrichs, E. Neal; Krushensky, R. D.; Luft, S. J. Geologic map of the Ammonia 00614 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map of th<; Goshen quadrangle. Tanks quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. GQ-638, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1967. 00727 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map of the Woronoco quadrangle, 01791 Hinrichs, Edgar N.; Corchary, George S. Geologic structure of Yucca Flat area, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 9 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 401-402, 1968. 01285 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map of the East Lee quadrangle. 00398 Hirashima, George T. A determination of the daily mean discharge of Waiakea Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 map, tables, 1967. Pond Springs, Hilo, Hawaii, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D242-D246, illus., tables, 1967. 01356 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map of the Massachusetts portion of the Hancock quadrangle, Massachusetts-New York: U.S. Geol. Survey open- Hirooka, Kimio. See Dalrymple, G. Brent. 01836 file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 00584 Kite, R. J. Geology of the Standard of California Dry Valley Unit Well No. 01358 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map of the Chester quadrangle. 1, Caribou County, Idaho, in Anatomy of the western phosphate field Hampshire and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, p. 271-272, illus., 1967. 01407 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map, Plainfield quadrangle, Hite, Robert. See Peterson, James A. 01866 Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24.000, tables, 1968. 00420 Hite, Robert J.; Dyni, John R. Potential resources of dawsonite and nahcolite 01408 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map, Pittsfield East quadrangle, in the Piceance Creek basin, northwest Colorado, in Symposium on oil shale, 4th: Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24.000, tables, 1968. Colorado School Mines Quart., v. 62, no. 3, p. 25-38, illus., 1967. 01409 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map, Cheshire quadrangle. 01227 Hite, Robert J. Salt deposits of the Paradox Basin, southeast Utah and southwest Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24 000, tables, 1968. Colorado, in Saline deposits Internal. Conf. Saline Deposits, Houston, Tex., 1962, Symposium: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 319-330, illus., 1968. 01410 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map, Blandford quadrangle, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24»00, tables, 1968. 01346 Hite, Robert J. Distribution and geologic habitat of marine halite and associated potash deposits: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 35 p., illus., 1967. 01472 Holmes, G. William. Preliminary materials map of the No'th Adams quadrangle. Massachusetts-Vermont: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Hite, Robert J. See Rioux, Robert L. 01436 00516 Holt, H. E.; Morris, E. C. Interpretation of Surveyor I lunar photos: 00850 Hoare, J. M.; Condon, W. H. Geologic map of the Hooper Bay quadrangle, Photogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 12, p. 1352-1364, 1967. Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-523, scale 1:250,000, separate text, 1968. Holt, H. E. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00695 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A281

Holt, H. E. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00828 Hoyt, John. See Eddy, J. E. 00011

Holt, H. E. See Rennilson, J. J. 01985 Hubbell, David W. See Prych, Edmund A. 00175

02249 Holt, Henry E. Lunar geologic observations from Surveyor television pictures 00489 Hubbert, M. King. Degree of advancement of petroleum exploration in the [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont, United States: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 51, no. 11, p. 22.07-2227, 1968, Program, p. 43-44, 1968. illus., 1967.

01533 Hood, J. W. Ground-water investigations at White Sands Missile Range, New 00636 Hubbert, M. King. Critique of the principle of uniformity, in Unifomity and Mexico, July 1960 to June 1962: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 153 p., illus simplicity A symposium on the principle of the uniformity of nature: G<;ol. Soc. 1968. America Spec. Paper 89, p. 3-33, 1967. 00500 Hooker, Marjorie. Mineralogy: Geotimes, v. 13, no. 1, p. 15, 1968. 01089 Hubbert, M. King. Application of hydrodynamics to oil exploration [wit*! French and Spanish abs.], in Latest development within the oil industry World Petroleum Hoover, D. See Greensfelder, R. 01756 Cong., 7th, Mexico, 1967, Proc., V. IB: London, Elsevier Publishing Co., p. 59- 75, illus., 1967. 01792 Hoover, D. L. Genesis of zeolites, Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America 01213 Hnbbert, M. King. Mineral resources and rates of consumption, in World Spec. Paper 101, p. 403, 1968. Population Conf., Belgrade, 1965, Proc. V. 3, Selected papers and summaries, projections, measurement of population trends: New York, United Nations, p. 318- Hoover, D. L. See Orkild, Paul P. 01935 324, 1967. 00630 Hoover, Linn, A new search for gold: Geotimes, v. 12, no. 8, p. 9, 1967. 00077 Huber, N. King; Rinehart, C. Dean. Cenozoic volcanic rocks of tl K Devils Postpile quadrangle, eastern Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geol. Surrey Prof. 01684 Hope, Roger A. Strike-slip faults and structural setting of the eastern Transverse Paper 554-D, p. D1-D19, illus., tables, 1967. Ranges, southeastern California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 98, 1968. 01099 Hnber, N. King. Geologic map of the Shuteye Peak quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-728, scale 1:62,500, separate 01212 Hopkins, B. Thomas. Flood plain studies: Civil Eng., v. 38, no. 3, p. 66-67, text, 1968. 1968. Hnbert, A. E. See Levering, T. G. 01138 Hopkins, D. M. See Pewe, T. L. 00113 Hubert, Arthur. See Clifton, H. Edward. 00349 Hopkins, David L. See Holmes, G. William. 00541 Hnbert, Arthnr E. See Curtin, Gary C. 01828 00108 Hopkins, David M. (editor). The Bering Land Bridge: Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, 495 p., illus., tables, 1967. Hnddle, John W. See Sandberg, Charles A. 00020 00109 Hopkins, David M. Quaternary marine transgressions in Alaska, in The Bering Hnddle, John W. See Oliver, William A., Jr. 00067 Land Bridge (D. M. Hopkins, editor): Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, p 47-90, illus., tables, 1967. 00552 Hnddle, John W. Redescription of Upper Devonian conodont genera ard species proposed by Ulrich and Bassler in 1926: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pape* 578, 55 Hopkins, David M. See Einarsson, Thorleifur. 00197 p., illus., 1968. 00581 Hopkins, David M. Placer prospects in northern Bering Sea [abs.]: Mining Hndson,J. D. See Busch, F. E. 00522 Eng., v. 20, no. 1, p. 92, 1968. Hnff, Lyman C. See MacKevett, E. M., Jr. 01293 Hopkins, David M. See Scholl, David W. 01482 00105 Huffman, Claude, Jr.; Mensik, J. D.; Riley, L. B. Determination of gold in 01573 Hopson, C. A.; Cater, F. W., Jr.; Crowder, D. F.; Engels, Joan; Tabor, R. W. geologic materials by solvent extraction and atomic-absorption spectrome'ry: U.S. Anatectic origin of Cascade volcanic rocks, northwestern U.S. [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Survey Circ. 544, 6 p., illus., tables, 1967. Union Geodesy and Geophysics, 14th Gen. Assembly, Switzerland, 1967, Program and Abs. Papers, V. 7, p. 73, 1967. 01004 Huffman, Claude, Jr. Copper, strontium, and zinc content of U.S. Geological Survey silicate rock standards, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Hopson, C. A. See Cater, Fred W. 01669 Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B110-B111, tables, 1968. Horr,C. A. See Hely, A. G. 01284 Huffman, Claude, Jr. See Sainsbury, C. L. 02194 Horton, G. W. See Peterson, Fred. 02041 Huffman, G. C. See Giroux, P. R. 01280 Horton, M. Jnlia. See Hill, Thelma P. 00081 00412 Hughes, Gilbert H. Analysis of the water-level fluctuations of Lake Jackson near Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Board Conserv. Div. Geology Rept. Inv. 48, Hose, R. K. See Blake, M. C., Jr. 01780 25 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01759 Hose, Richard K. Confusion Range structural trough, western Utah [abs.]: 01152 Hughes, Gilbert H.; McDonald, Charles C. Determination of water use by Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 313-314, 1968. phreatophytes and hydrophytes Closure [to discussion of paper 4714, 19*6]: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY3, p. 190-193, 1967. Hoskins, Donald M. See Oliver, William A., Jr. 00067 Hnghes, Jerry L. See Eakin, Thomas E. 00422 Hosterman, John W. See Knechtel, Maxwell M. 00134 Hughes, Leon S. See Leifeste, Donald K. 00437 00942 Hosterman, John W.; Patterson, Sam H.; Sweeney, John W.; Hartwell, John W. Clay, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof 00467 Hughes, Leon S.; Leifeste, Donald K. Reconnaissance of chemical cuality of Paper 580, p. 167-188, illus., tables, 1968. surface waters of the Neches River basin, Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-A, p. A1-A63, illus., tables, 1967. 01005 Hosterman, John W. Use of the diffracted-beam monochromator in X-ray diffraction of clay minerals, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: US 01852 Hnlsemann, Jobst. Calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and nitrogen in sediments Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. Bl 17-B118, illus., 1968. from drill holes on the continental margin off Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 581-B, p. B1-B10, illus., 1968. Hostetler, P. B. See Truesdell, A. H. 01648 Humphreys, C. P., Jr. See Thomson, F. H. 00316 01876 Hostetler, P. B.; Christ, C. L. Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2 O [Pt.] 1, The activity-product of chrysotile: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 32, no Humphreys, C. P., Jr. See Newcome, Roy, Jr. 01104 5, p. 485-497, illus., tables, 1968. Hunn, J. D. See Rosenshein, J. S. 01162 Hostetler, Paul B. See Christ, C. L. 00015 Hnnn, J. D. See Rosenshein, J. S. 01163 00064 Hotz, P. E. Geologic map of the Condrey Mountain quadrangle, and parts of the Seiad Valley and Hornbrook quadrangles, California: U.S. Geol. Survey 00163 Hunt, Oliver P. Duration curves and low-flow frequency curves of streamflow Geol. Quad. Map GQ-618, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. in the Susquehanna River basin, New York: New York Water Resources Comm. Bull. 60, 52 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01793 Houser, F. N. Application of geology to underground nuclear testing, Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 403-404, 1968. 01854 Hunt, Oliver P.; Beall, Robert M. A preliminary analysis of low flows at selected sites in the southern part of the town of Bethlehem, New York: New York Water Houston, Robert S. See Hyden, Harold J. 00616 Resources Comm. Rept. Inv. RI-1, 10 p., 1968. A282 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

00485 Hurr, R. Theodore. Reply [to discussion by T. N. Narasimhan, 1967 of "A 01536 James, I. C., 2d. Flood runoff from partially urbanized freas, Wichita, Kansas: new approach for estimating transmissibility from specific gravity," 1966]: Water U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 62 p., illus., 1968. Resources Research, v. 3, no. 4, p. 1095, 1967. 01760 Janda, Richard J. Altitudinal zonation of surface-water hydrology and 00672 Hussey, Arthur M.; Chapman, Carleton A.; Doyle, Robert G.; Osberg, Philip H.; denudation in the western central Sierra Nevada, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Pavlides, Louis; Warner, Jeffrey, (compilers). Preliminary geologic map of Maine: America Spec. Paper 101, p. 316, 1968. Augusta, Maine, Maine Geol. Survey, scale 1:500,000, 1967. Japakasetr, Thawat. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286 Huzzen, Carl S. See Reiher, Barbara S. 00648 01042 Jeukius, C. T. Techniques for computing rate and volume of stream depletion 00616 Hyden, Harold J.; Houston, Robert S.; Kiug, Johu S. Geologic map of the White by wells: Ground Water, v. 6, no. 2, p. 37-46, illus., tables, 19'*. Rock Canyon quadrangle, Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. 00253 Jeukius, Evan C. Geologic map of the Millard quadrangle, Pike County, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-659, scale 1:24,000, section, Imlay,R.W. See Jones, D. L. 01686 text, 1967. 01110 Imlay, Ralph W. Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian and Toarcian) ammonites from eastern Oregon and California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 593-C, p. C1-C51, Jeune, E. A. See Truesdell, A. H. 00321 illus., tables, 1968. Jensen, R. G. See Barraclough, J. T. 01448 Inthuputi, Boonmai. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286 00588 Jobiu, D. A. Geology of the Caribou Range phosphate deposits, Bonneville 00144 Irving, Earl M. (compiler). Geologia del cuadrangulo Tibu: Colombia Servicio County, Idaho, in Anatomy of the western phosphate field Intermountain Assoc. Geol. Nac. e Inventario Mineral Nac. Cuadrangulo F-13, 1967. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah. Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, p. 61-71, illus., 1967. 00145 Irviug, Earl M. (compiler). Geologia del cuadrangulo Cucuta: Colombia Servicio Geol. Nac. e Inventario Mineral Nac. CuadrSngulo G-13, 1967. Jobin, Daniel A. See Albee, Howard F. 00367

01214 Irviug, Earl M. Conceptos preliminares sobre el desarrollo y uso de fertilizantes John, Edward C. See Cooper, James B. 02198 en Colombia: Colombia Servicio Geol. Nac. Bol. Geol., v. 15, nos. 1-3, p. 167- 174, 1967. 00483 Johnson, A. I. Introduction, in Permeability and capillarity of soils Am. Soc. Testing and Materials, 69th Ann. Mtg., Atlantic City, 1966, Symposium: Am. Soc. 00740 Irwin, James H. Geology and availability of ground water on the Ute Mountain Testing and Materials Spec. Tech. Pub. 417, p. 1-3, 1967. Indian Reservation, Colorado and New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1576-G, p. G I-G109, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 00484 Johnson, A. I.; Richter, R. C. Selected bibliography on permeability and capillarity testing of rock and soil materials, in Permeability and capillarity of soils Irwin, W. P. See Blake, M. C., Jr. 00002 Am. Soc. Testing and Materials, 69th Ann. Mtg., Atlantic City, 1966, Symposium: Am. Soc. Testing and Materials Spec. Tech. Pub. 417, p. 176-210, 1967. Irwin, W. P. See Blake, M. C., Jr. 01957 00496 Johnson, A. I. Groundwater, in IUGG quadrennial report (U.S.A.): Am. Irwin, William P. See Lanphere, Marvin A. 01691 Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 2, p. 711-724, 1967. 00150 Ives, Patricia C.; Levin, Betsy; Oman, Charles L.; Rnbin, Meyer. U.S. Geological Survey radiocarbon dates IX: Radiocarbon, v. 9, p. 505-529, 1967. 00626 Johnson, A. L; Moston, R. P.; Morris, D. A. Physical and hydrologic properties of water-bearing deposits in subsiding areas in central California: U.S. Geol. Survey 02177 lyer, H. M. Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in the crust and upper Prof. Paper 497-A, p. A1-A71, illus., tables, 1968. mantle using data from Project EARLY RISE [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Cordilleran Sec., Seismol. Soc. America, and Paleontological Soc., Ann. Mtg., 00713 Johnson, A. I.; Sniegocki, R. T. Comparison of laboratory and field analyses Tucson, Ariz., 1968, Program, p. 67, 1968. of aquifer and well characteristics at an artificial recharge well site [with French abs.], in Artificial recharge and management of aquifers Symposium of Haifa, Izett, GlenA. See Wilcox, Ray E. 01627 1967: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 72, p. 182-192, ill is., 1967. Jackson, Dallas B. See Zohdy, Adel A. R. 01379 00777 Johnson, A. I. Specific yield Compilation of specific yields for various materials: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1662-D, p. D1-D74, illus., tables, 00004 Jackson, Everett D.; Stevens, Rollin E.; Bowen, Roger W. A computer-based 1967. procedure for deriving mineral formulas from mineral analyses, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C23-C31, illus., 00933 Johnson, Arthnr. Waterpower resources, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian tables, 1967. region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 48-51, illus., table, 1968. Jackson, Everett D. See Page, Norman J. 00382 01963 Johnson, Arthnr. Glacier observations, Glacier National Park, Montana, 1966- 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 31 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00688 Jackson, Everett D. Ultramafic cumulates in the Stillwater, Great Dyke, and Bushveld intrusions, in Ultramafic and related rocks (P. J. Wyllie, editor): New Johnson, Edward E. See Schreck, Albert E. 00928 York and London, John Wiley and Sons, p. 20-38, tables, 1967. 00530 Johnson, Edward L. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of 01685 Jackson, Everett D. Xenoliths in Hawaiian basalts [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America the Charon Gardens Unit, Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refirge, Comanche County, Spec. Paper 101, p. 101-102, 1968. Oklahoma: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-J, p. J1-J7, illus., 1968. 01974 Jackson, Everett D. The character of the lower crust and upper mantle beneath 00737 Johnson, M. V. Annual peak discharges from small drainage areas in Montana the Hawaiian Islands [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, through September 1967: Helena, Mont., Montana State Highway Comm., 138 1968, Abstracts, p. 23, 1968. p., illus., tables, 1968. Jackson, W. H. See Borcherdt, R. D. 01336 01134 Johnson, P. W.; Sanderson, R. B. Spring flow into the Colorado River, Lees Ferry to Lake Mead, Arizona: Arizona Land Dept. Wat^r-Resources Rept. 34, Jackson, W. H. See Warren, D. H. 02213 26 p., illus., tables, 1968. Jackson, Wayne H. See Healy, John H. 01757 00594 Johnson, Robert F.; Trent, Virgil A. Mineral reconnaissance of the Wadi al Jizl quadrangle, northwest Hijaz, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia Ministry 01286 Jacobson, Herbert S.; Pierson, Charles T.; Danusawad, Thawisak; Japaknsetr, Petroleum and Mineral Resources Mineral Inv. Map MI-10, 1967. Thawat; Inthuputi, Boonmai; Siriratanamongkol, Charlie; Prapassornkul, Saner; Pholphan, Narin. Mineral investigations in northeastern Thailand: U.S. Geol. 00595 Johnson, Robert F.; Trent, Virgil A. Mineral reconnaissance of the Qal'at AS Survey open-file report, 276 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Sawrah quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia Ministry Petroleum and Mineral Resources Mineral Inv. Map MI-11, 1967. 01287 Jacobson, Herbert S.; Murillo, Carlos; Rniz, Lorgio; Tapia, Oscar; Zapata, Hngo; Alarcon, Hugo; Delgadillo, Edgar; Velasco, Carlos. Geology and mineral deposits Johnson, Robert F. See Trent, Virgil A. 00596 of the San Cristobal district, Villa Martin Province, Potosi, Bolivia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 25 p., illus-., geol. map, 1967. Johnson, Robert F. See Trent, Virgil A. 00597 01507 Jahren, C. E.; Bath, G. D. Rapid estimation of induced and remanent 00029 Johnson, Ross B. The great sand dunes of southern Colorado, in Geological magnetization of rock samples, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C177- report, 29 p., illus., tables, 1967. C183, illus., 1967. 02045 James, H. L.; Button, C. E.; Pettijohn, F. J.; Wier, K. L. Geology and ore 00392 Johnson, Ross B. Rock streams on Mount Mestas, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, deposits of the Iron River-Crystal Falls district. Iron County, Michigan: U.S. Geol. southern Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1967, Char. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Survey Prof. Paper 570, 134 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D217-D220, illus., 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A283

00904 Johnson, Ross B. The great sand dunes of southern Colorado: Mtn. Geologist, 01322 Kantrowitz, I. H. Ground-water resources in Ihe vicinily of Ihe Crown Poinl v. 5, no. 1, p. 23-29, illus., 1968. Fish Halchery, Essex Counly, New York: U.S. Geol. Survey .open-file report, 12 p., illus., 1967. 02028 Johnson, Ross B. Geology of the igneous rocks of the Spanish Peaks region, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 594-G, p. GI-G47, illus., tables, geol. 01508 Karlstrom, T. N. V.; McCauley, J. F.; Swann, G. A. Preliminary lunar map, 1968. exploration plan of the Marius Hills region of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 42 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00799 Johnson, S. L.; Rawson, Jack; Smith, R. E. Characteristics of tide-affected flow in the Brazos River near Freeport, Texas, March 29-30, 1965: Texas Water Devel. Karlstrom, Thor N. V. See Foster, Helen. 00452 Board Rept. 69, 73 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01976 Karlstrom, Thor N. V. Long range program of systemalic lunar geologic 01056 Johnson, William D., Jr.; Smith, A very E. Geologic map of the Olaton exploration [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovak^, 1968, quadrangle, western Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-687, scale Abslracts, p. 339, 1968. 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. Kasabach, Haig F. See Vecchioli, John. 00915 Johnston, R. H. See Miller, R. E. 01148 Kanffman, E. G. See Hazel, J. E. 01661 01942 Johnston, Richard H. U.S. Geological Survey tracer study, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada Pt. 1, Exploratory drilling, tracer well construction and Kanffman, Erie G. See Dane, Carle H. 01826 testing, and preliminary findings: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 64 p., illus., 1968. 00929 Kanfman, Alvin. Economic impact of the mineral induslry, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 25-2' tables, 00430 Jolly, James H.; Foster, Helen L. X-ray diffraction data of aluminocopiapite: 1968. Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 7-8, p. 1220-1223, tables, 1967. 01044 Kanfman, M. I.; Dion, N. P. Chemical character of water in the Floridan aquifer Jones, B. F. See Truesdell, A. H. 01190 in southern Peace River basin, Florida: Florida Board Conserv. Div. Geobgy Map Ser. 27, 1 sheet, 1967. Jones, B. F. See Eugster, H. P. 02159 01877 Kaufman, M. I.; Dion, N. P. Ground-water resources dala of Charlolle, De 00905 Jones, Blair F.; Rettig, Shirley L.; Engster, Hans P. Silica in alkaline brines: Solo, and Hardee Counties, Florida: Florida Board Conserv. Div. Geology Inf. Science, v. 158, no. 3806, p. 1310-1314, 1967. Circ. 53, 22 p., illus., tables, 1968. Jones, Blair F. See Clayton, Robert N. 01570 00783 Kanfman, Matthew I. Hydrologic effects of ground-water pumpage in the Peace and Alafia River basins, Florida, 1934-1965: Florida Board Conserv. Div. Geology 01230 Jones, C. L. Halite and associated rocks in the salt anticline region, Colorado Repl. Inv. 49, 32 p., illus., 1967. and Utah [abs.], in Saline deposits Internal. Conf. Saline Deposits, Houston, Tex., 1962, Symposium: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 538, 1968. Kawai, Naoto. See Dalrymple, G. Brenl. 01836 01231 Jones, C. L. Some geologic and petrographtc features of Upper Permian Kaye, C. A. See Emery, K. O. 01972 evaporites in southeastern New Mexico [abs.], in Saline deposits Internal. Conf. Saline Deposits, Houston, Tex., 1962, Symposium: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 00027 Kaye, Clifford A. on, Massachusetts, area, 88, p. 538-539, 1968. 00027 Kaye, Clifford A. Kaolinization of bedrock of the Boslon, Massachusetls, area, 01686 Jones, D. L.; Bailey, E. H.; Imlay, R. W. Stratigraphic structural significance in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper of Buchia zones, northwestern Sacramento Valley, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 575-C, p. C165-C172, illus., 1967. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 104, table, 1968. 00268 Kaye, Clifford A. The Greater Boslon urban geology projecl of Ihe U.S. 01288 Jones, J. R. Water for municipal use at Agedabia, Libya: U.S. Geol. Survey Geological Survey, in Eonomic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amhersl, 1966, open-file report, 15 p., illus., tables, 1967. Proc.: Amhersl, Mass., Graduale School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 273-278, illus., table, 1967. Jones, Robert S. See Frondel, Judith W. 02191 00269 Kaye, Clifford A. Erosion of a sea cliff, Boston Harbor, Massaclrisells, in 00079 Jones, William R.; Hernon, Robert M.; Moore, Samnel L. General geology of Economic geology in Massachusells Conf., Amhersl, 1966, Proc.: Amhersl, Mass., Santa Rita quadrangle, Grant County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetls, p. 521-528, illus., 1967. 555, 144 p., illus., tables, geol. maps, 1967. 01812 Kaye, Clifford A. Fossiliferous bauxite in glacial drift, Martha's Vineyard, Joyner, B. F. See Sutcliffe, H., Jr. 01537 Massachuselts [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 441, 1968. Joyner, B. F. See Flippo, H. N., Jr. 01538 00565 Keech, C. F.; Dreeszen, V. H.; Emery, P. A. Availability of ground waler in York County, Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-F, p. Fl- 01045 Joyner, Boyd F.; Sntcliffe, H., Jr. Salt-water contamination in wells in the Sara- F17, illus., table, 1967. Sands area on Siesta Key, Sarasota County, Fla.: Am. Water Works Assoc. Jour., v. 59, no. 12, p. 1504-1512, illus., tables, 1967. 01105 Keech, C. F.; Dreeszen, V. H. Geology and ground-waler resources of Fillmore County, Nebraska, with a section on Chemical quality of Ihe waler, by L. R. Pelri: Joyner, G. F. See Lichtler, W. F. 02200 U.S. Geol. Survey Waler-Supply Paper 1839-L, p. L1-L27, illus., tables, 19'S. Joyner, W. B. See U.S. Geological Survey. 00099 02250 Keefer, W. R.; Love, J. D. Struclure of pre-volcanic sedimenlary rocks in soulh- cenlral Yellowslone National Park and adjacent regions, Wyoming [abs ]: Geol. 00276 Joyner, William B. Basalt-eclogite transition as a cause for subsidence and uplift: Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mlg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 20, p. 4977-4998, illus., tables, 1967. p. 47-48, 1968. 00917 Jnngmann, William L.; Williams, Charles C. Geology and ground water in 01900 Keefer, William R. Evaluation of radar and infrared imagery of sedimentary Labette County, Kansas: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-279, scale rock terrane, south-cenlral Yellowslone Nalional Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. 1:63,360, text, 1968. Survey open-file report, 8 p., illus., 1968. Jurceka, F. Joseph. See Friedman, Irving. 02247 00026 Kehn, T. M.; Palmer, J. E.; Franklin, G. J. Revised correlation of the No. 4 (Dawson Springs No. 6) coal bed. Western Kentucky coal field, in Geological Survey Kachadoorian, Renben. See Moore, H. J. 01510 research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C160-C164, illus., lables, 1967. Kachadoorian, Renben. See Sainsbury, C. L. 01943 Kehn, Thomas M. See Wood, Gordon H., Jr. 02031 Kam, William. See Bowie, James E. 01147 Kehn, Thomas M. See Wood, Gordon H., Jr. 02032 01583 Kane, M. F.; Zietz, Isidore; Yellan, M. J.; Bell, K. C. Geophysical investigations in the Gulf of Maine [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 330- Kehn, Thomas M. See Trace, Robert D. 02038 331, 1968. Keighton, W. B. See McCarren, E. F. 00403 01975 Kane, Martin F. Exploration geophysical techniques for lunar missions [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracls, p. 338-339, Keil, Klans. See Chapman, Dean R. 00664 1968. Keith, Terry C. See Foster, Helen L. 01882 00251 Kanizay, S. P.; Cressman, E. R. Geologic map of the Cenlerville quadrangle, central Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-653, scale 1:24,000, 00486 Kelly, T. E.; Bnturla, Frank, Jr. Pleistocene diversion of streams in central North section, text, 1967. Dakola, in Glacial geology of Ihe Missouri Coleau Midwesl Friends of Ihe Pleislocene, Field Conf. 1967, Guidebook: North Dakola Geol. Survey Misc. Ser. 30, p. 117-121, illus., 1967. A284 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

00908 Kelly, T. E.; Block, D. A. Geology and ground water resources, Barnes County, 00508 King, Philip B. (compiler). National Atlas Sheets 70-72, Tectonic features: North Dakota Pt. 1, Geology: North Dakota Geol. Survey Bull. 43, pt. 1, (North Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. Survey, scale 1:7,500,000, text, 1967. Dakota Water Comm. County Ground Water Study 4), 51 p., illus., 1967. 01136 King, Philip B.; Nenman, Robert B.; Hndley, Jams B. Geology of the Great 00909 Kelly, T. E. Geology and ground water resources of Grand Forks County Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Pt. 2, Ground water basic data: North Dakota Geol. Survey Bull. 53, pt. 2, (North Survey Prof. Paper 587, 23 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Dakota Water Comm. County Ground Water Study 13), 117 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01724 King, Philip B. Regional relationships of an ancient massif in northwestern Kempe, Reinis. See Warren, D. H. 01897 Sonora, in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 288-289, 1968. Kennedy, Delia L. See Cobb, Edward H. 00883 King, Robert U. See Taylor, Richard B. 01342 01687 Kennedy, Vance C. Fluorescent sand as a tracer of fluvial sediment movement [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 108-109, 1968. 00080 Kinkel, Arthur R., Jr. The Ore Knob copper deposit, North Carolina, and other massive sulfide deposits of the Appalachians: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 558, 00808 Kenner, W. E.; Pride, R. W.; Conover, C. S. Drainage basins in Florida: Florida 58 p.. illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Board Conserv. Div. Geology Map Ser., no. 28, scale about 1 in. to 30 mi., text, 1967. 00973 Kinkel, Arthur R., Jr.; Feitler, Stanley A.; Hohhs, Robert G. Copper and sulfur, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 01688 Kent, Bion H. Experiments with storage, retrieval, and analyses of core-log data 580, p. 377-385, illus., tables, 1968. on coal-bearing rocks in southwestern Pennsylvania [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 109, 1968. 00801 Kinney, DonglasM. Geologic mapping: Geotimes, v. 13, no. 1, p. 12-13, 1968. Kent, Bion H. See Roen, John B. 02039 Kinoshita, W. T. See Davis, W. E. 01445 00053 Kepferle, Roy C. Geologic map of the Vine Grove quadrangle, Hardin and 00028 Kinoshita, Willie T. May 1963 earthquakes and deformafon in the Koae fault Meade Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-645, scale zone, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C173-C176, illus., 1967. 01603 Kepferle, Roy C. Geologic map of the Shepherdsville quadrangle, Bullitt County, Kinoshita, Willie T. See Fiske, Richard S. 01178 Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-740, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. Kinoshita, Willie T. See Wright, Thomas L. 01557 Kerr,P.F. See Nash, J. T. 01701 Kistler, R. W. See Crittenden, M. D., Jr. 01751 Ketner, K.B. See Poole, F. G. 00745 Kistler, Ronnld W. See Willden, Ronald. 00374 Ketner, K. B. See Roberts, R. J. 00835 Kistler, Ronnld W. See Willden, Ronald. 01767 00236 Ketner, Keith B. West Coast region, Chap. K in Paleotectonic investigations 01794 Kistler, Ronald W. Potassium-argon of volcanic rocks ir Nye and Esmeralda of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, Counties, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 406, table, 1968. p. 225-238, tables, 1967. Klapper, Gilbert. See Sandberg, Charles A. 00350 Ketner, Keith B. See Smith, J. Fred, Jr. 00539 Klansing, R. L. See Lofgren, B. E. 01324 Ketner, Keith B. See Fisher, Frederick S. 01012 01863 Klausing, Robert L. Geology and ground water resources of Cass County, North 01017 Ketner, Keith B. Origin of Ordovician quartzite in the Cordilleran Dakota Pt. 1, Geology: North Dakota Geol. Survey Bull. 47, pt. 1 (North Dakota miogeosyncline, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Water Conser. Comm. County Ground Water Study 8), 39 p., illus., tables, geol. Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B169-B177, illus., tables, 1968. map, 1968. Ketner, Keith B. See Smith, J. Fred, Jr. 01764 Klein, Howard. See Kohout, F. A. 00715 Ketner, Keith B. See Fisher, Frederick S. 02244 01159 Klein, Hownrd. Salt intrusion can be controlled: Florida Geol. Survey Leaflet 7 [6 p.], 1965. 00042 Keys, W. Scott. Magnetic tape recording of geophysical logs, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C242- 01289 Kleinhampl, Frank J.; Ziony, Joseph I. Preliminary geologic map of northern C246, illus., 1967. Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:200,000, 1967. 01153 Keys, W. Scott. Well logging in ground-water hydrology, in SPWLA Logging Symposium, 8th Ann., Denver, 1967, Trans.: Houston, Tex., Soc. Prof. Well Log Kleinhampl, Frank J. See Albers, John P. 01698 Analysts, p. K1-K21, illus., 1967; Ground Water, v. 6, no. 1, p. 10-18,1968. 01795 Kleinhampl, Frank L.; Ziony, Joseph I. Pre-Tertiary geology of northern Nye 01242 Keys, W. Scott. The application of radiation logs to groundwater hydrology, County, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 407, 1968. in Isotopes in hydrology Proceedings of a symposium, Vienna, 1966: Vienna, Austria, Internal. Atomic Energy Agency, p. 477-487, illus., 1967. 01179 Kleinkopf, M. D.; Mndge, M. R.; Harrison, J. E. Aeromagnetic and gravity studies across the northern disturbed belt in northwestern Montana [abs.]: Am. Kilbnrn, Chabot. See Harder, A. H. 00285 Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 330, 1968. 01492 Kilpatrick, B. E. Geology and geochemistry of the Wanamu-Blue Mountains 02251 Kleinkopf, M. D.; Peterson, D. L.; Gott, G. B. Geophysical studies in the Cripple area, Waini SW, Guyana: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 34 p., illus., tables, Creek mining district, Colorado [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st 1968. Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 48, 1968. 00910 Kilpatrick, Frederick A.; Snyre, Willinm W.; Richardson, Everett V. Flow 00055 Klemic, Harry. Geologic map of the Hopkinsville quadrangle, Christian County, measurements with fluorescent tracers Discussion [of paper 4895 by J. A. Replogle, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-651, scale 1:24,000, section, L. E. Myers and K. J. Brust, 1966]: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, Jour. text, 1967. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 4, p. 298-308, 1967. 00056 Klemic, Harry; Ulrich, George E. Geologic map of the Roaring Spring Kimmel, Grant E. See Walters, Kenneth L. 01873 quadrangle, Kentucky-Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-658, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. King, Elizabeth R. See Zietz, Isidore. 01844 01146 Klemic, Harry; Ulrich, G. E.; Moore, S. L. Geologic map of the Johnson Hollow King, JohnS. See Hyden, Harold J. 00616 quadrangle, Trigg County, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ- 722, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 01457 King, N. J. Appraisal of watershed management program in Wind River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 18 p., 1968. 01290 Klepper, M. R.; Dequech, Victor. Mineral deposits of the Territory of Amapa, Brazil Gold, tantalite, and diamonds near Vila Santa Maria: U.S. Geol. Survey 00327 King, P. B. Reefs and associated deposits in the Permian of west Texas, in open-file report, 25 p., tables, 1967. Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, text p. 36-44, illus., 1967. 01291 Klepper, M. R.; Dequech, Victor. Mineral deposits of the Territory of Amapa, Brazil Alluvial gold, cassiterite, and columbite-tantalite in the Amapari River 01243 King, P. B. Geologic history of California: California Div. Mines and Geology region: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 31 p., tables, 1967. Mineral Inf. Service, v. 21, no. 3, p. 39-48, illus., revised 1968; originally published 1966. Klepper, Montis R. See Tilling, Robert I. 02240 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A285

00407 Knauf, J. William. New system for viewing mapping photographs, in Geological 01689 Koteff, Carl. Postglacial tilt in southern New England [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D284- America Spec. Paper 101, p. 113-114, 1968. D288, illus., 1967. Kovach, Robert L. See Anderson, Don L. 00578 01215 Knauf, J. William. The Stereolmage Alternator: Photogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 10, p. 1113-1116,1967. 01363 Kover, A. N. Photogeologic map of the Chaco Canyon 4 quadrangle, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. 00134 Knechtel, Maxwell M.; Hamlin, Howard P.; Hosterman, John W. Expandable clay in St. Marys Formation of southern Maryland: Maryland Geol. Survey Rept. 01366 Kover, A. N.; Olson, A. B. Photogeologic map of Chaco Canyon 3 quadrangle, Inv. 4, 17 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1966. McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. Knight, R.J. See Somayajulu, B. L. K. 00184 00307 Kover, Allan N. Radar imagery as an aid in geologic mapping [abs.]: Knight, R.J. See Tatsumoto, M. 01617 Photogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 6, p. 679, 1967.

Knight, R.J. See Tatsumoto, M. 01737 01149 Koyanagi, Robert Y. Hawaiian seismic events during 1965, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B95-F98, illus., Knight, R.J. See Tatsumoto, M. 01738 1968.

Knight, R.J. See Rosholt, John N. 01839 00308 Krahmer, Edward A. Electromagnetic distance measurement in the U.S. Geological Survey, in Electromagnetic distance measurement Internal. Union 00645 Knight, Richard R.; Mudge, M. R. Characteristics of some natural licks in the Geodesy, Symposium, Oxford, 1965: London, Hilger and Watts, Ltd., p. 55-61, Sun River area, Montana: Jour. Wildlife Managenf(*t* v. 31, no. 2, p. 293-299, 1967. illus., table, 1967. Krause, Dale C. See Schilling, Jean-Guy. 01186 00041 Knochenmus, Darwin D. Shoreline features as indicators of high lake levels, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 00093 Krieger, Medora H. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Ash Fork quadrangle, C, p. C236-C241, illus., table, 1967. Yavapai and Coconino Counties, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Oeol. Inv. Map 1-499, scale 1:62,500, 1967. 01458 Knochenmus, Darwin D. Tracer studies and background fluorescence of ground water in the Ocala, Florida, area: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 35 p., 1967. 00094 Krieger, Medora H. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Picacho Butte quadrangle, Yavapai and Coconino Counlies, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. 01362 Knox, A. S. Photogeologic map of the east half of the Grants 1 quadrangle, Geol. Inv. Map 1-500, scale 1:62,500, 1967. McKinley and Valencia Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. 00760 Krieger, Medora H. Jerome and Prescotl areas, in Evolulion of Ihe Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at Ihe Symposium on Cenozoh Geology 01367 Knox, A. S. Photogeologic map of the Grants 4 quadrangle. Valencia County, of Ihe Colorado Plaleau in Arizona, Augusl 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. 44, p. 15-18,1967.

00266 Knox, C. E. Current drought in Massachusetts, in Economic geology in 00762 Krieger, Medora H. (and olhers). Early Cenozoic structural development Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, Proc.: Amherst, Mass., Graduate School, Laramide slruclures, in Evolulion of Ihe Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis Univ. Massachusetts, p. 498-504, illus., 1967. developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, p. 31, 1967. 00165 Knutijla, R. L. Surface-water characteristics of the North Branch Clinton River basin, Michigan: Lansing, Mich., Michigan Dept. Conserv., Water Resources Div., 00763 Krieger, Medora H. (and olhers). Middle Cenozoic structural devefopmenl 33 p., illus., table, 1966. Pre-lava faulting, in Evolulion of Ihe Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plaleau in 01880 Knutilla, R. L. Water resources of the Pine River basin, southeastern Michigan: Arizona, Augusl 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, p. 33-35, illus., 1967. U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 map, 1968. 00166 Kohout, F. A.; Hartwell, J. H. Hydrologic effects of Area B Flood Control 00861 Krieger, Medora H. Geologic map of the Holy Joe Peak quadrangle, Pinal Plan on urbanization of Dade County, Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-669, scalr 1:24,000, 47, 61 p., illus., tables, 1967. sections, separale text, 1968. 00715 Kohout, F. A.; Klein, Howard. Effect of pulse recharge on the zone of diffusion 00862 Krieger, Medora H. Geologic map of the Lookoul Mountain quadrangle, Pinal in the Biscayne aquifer [with French abs.], in Artificial recharge and management County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-670, scale 1:24,000, of aquifers Symposium of Haifa, 1967: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 72, seclions, separale lext, 1968. p. 252-270, illus., 1967. 00902 Krieger, Medora H. Geologic map of the Brandenburg Mounlain quadrangle, 00798 Kohout, F. A. Ground-water flow and the geothermal regime of the Floridian Pinal Counly, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-668, scale Plateau, in Symposium on the geological history of the Gulf of Mexico, Antillean- 1:24,000, seclions, separale lexl, 1968. Caribbean region: Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans., v. 17, p. 339-354, illus., table, 1967. 01597 Krieger, Medora H. Slraligraphic relalions of Ihe Troy Quarlzite (younger Precambrian) and the Cambrian formations in southeastern Arizona, n Arizona 02189 Kolipinski, Milton C.; Higer, Aaron L. Applications of aerial photography and Geol. Soc., Soulhern Arizona Guidebook 3 Geol. Soc. America, Cordilleran Soc., remote sensing to hydrobiological research in south Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey 64th Ann. Mtg., 1968: Tucson, Ariz., Arizona Geol. Soc., p. 22-32, 1968. open-file report, 7 p., illus., 1968. 02030 Krieger, Medora H. Geologic map of the Saddle Mountain quadrangle, Pinal 00734 Koopman, F. C. Government career opportunities in water resources, in Water County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-671, scale 1:24,000, quality How does it affect you? New Mexico Water Conf., 12th Ann., 1967: seclions, separate text, 1968. Las Cruces, N. Mex., New Mexico State Univ., p. 49-51, 1967. 01690 Krinsley, Daniel B. Posthypsilhermal hislory of Klutlan Glacier, southwestern Koopman, F. C. See Garber, M. S. 00921 Yukon Territory, Canada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 115, 1968. Kopf, Rudolph W. See Morris, Hal T. 00010 Krinsley, David. See Hamilton, Warren. 00135 Kornicker, L. S. See Sohn, I. G. 00183 Krivoy, H. L. See Eaton, J. P. 01752 00613 Kosanke, Robert M. Palynological investigations in the Pennsylvanian of Kentucky, [Pt.] 4: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 39 p., 1968. 01607 Krizman, R. W.; Krnger, C. L. Aeromagnetic map of the Kabetogana Lake- Grassy Lake area, St. Louis County, Minnesota: U.S. Geol. Survey Gecphys. Inv. 01216 Kosanke, Robert M. Review of "Miospores in the coal seams of the Map GP-616, scale 1:250,000, 1968. Carboniferous of Great Britain," by A. H. V. Smith and M. A. Butterworth: Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 247-248, 1968. Krnger, C. L. See Krizman, R. W. 01607 Koteff, Carl. See Hartshorn, J. H. 00277 Krummel, W. J., Jr. See Hinrichs, E. N. 00258 00449 Koteff, Carl. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of the Krummel, W. J., Jr. See Hinrichs, E. N. 00851 Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Barnstable County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-D, p. D1-D4, illus., 1967. Knishensky, R. D. See Hinrichs, E. Neal. 00051 Koteff, Carl. See Hartshorn, Joseph H. 00753 Knishensky, Richard D. See Noble, Donald C. 00045 Koteff, Carl. See Oldale, R. N. 01489 Kniper, G. P. See Gault, D. E. 00668 A286 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Kuiper, C. P. See Gault, D. 00669 Mtg., Atlantic City, 1966, Symposium: Am. Soc. Testing and Materials Spec. Tech. Pub. 417, p. 35-55, illus., 1967. Kullerud, G. See Brett, Robin. 00635 00520 Lanphere, Marvin A. Studies in the Providencia area, Mexico [Pt.] 2, K-Ar Knllerud, Gunnar. See Brett, Robin. 01667 and Rb-Sr ages of intrusive rocks and hydrothermal minerals [discussion of paper by H. Ohmoto, S. R. Hart, and H. D. Holland, 1966]: Econ. Geology, v. 62, 00868 Kunkle, George R. A hydrogeologic study of the ground-water reservoirs no. 6, p. 862-863, 1967. contributing base runoff to Four Mile Creek, east-central Iowa: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-O, p. O1-O41, illus., table, 1968. 01613 Lanphere, Marvin A. Strontium isotopic relationships in ultramafic rocks from southeastern Alaska [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, p. 252, 1967. Knno, Hisashi. See Hoare, J. M. 01683 01691 Lanphere, Mnrvin A.; Irwin, William P. Age of primary rretamorphism of the Knpfer, Donald H. See Bailey, Edgar H. 00514 Abrams Mica Schist, Klamath Mountains, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 118, 1968. Knrasawa, H. See Doe, B. R. 01677 Lansford, Myrn W. See Leifeste, Donald K. 00922 01180 Lachenbruch, Arthur H.; Marshall, B. Vanghn. Heat flow and water temperature fluctuations in the Denmark Strait [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. Lnraway, William H. See Mullens, Thomas E. 01440 l,p. 324, 1968. 00949 Larrabee, D. M. Roofing granules, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian Lachenhrnch, Arthnr H. See Marshall, B. Vaughn. 01181 region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 252-254, table, 1968. Lachenbruch, Arthur H. See Sass, J. H. 01185 00963 Larrabet, $ * *»~ififWy, John W. Olivine, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 326-327, 1968. 01225 Lachenhrnch, Arthnr H. Discussion of paper by Kenneth Watson, "Proposed lunar heat flow measurement from a polar orbiting satellite" [1967]: Jour. Geophys. Larson, L. Rodney. See Petri, tester R. 00913 Research, v. 73, no. 2, p. 822-823, 1968. 00288 LnSala, A. M., Jr. New approaches to water-resources investigations in upstate Lachenbruch, Arthnr H. See Sass, J. H. 01586 New York: Ground Water, v. 5, no. 4, p. 6-11, illus., tables, 1967.

LaCoste, L. J. B. See McCulloh, T. H. 00779 01079 LaSala, A. M., Jr. Ground-water resources of the Hamd-sn-Wallingford area, Connecticut: Connecticut Water Resources Bull. 14, 18 p., illv., tables, geol. map, 01643 Ladd, Harry S. Preliminary report on deep drilling project, Midway Islands, 1968. Hawaii [abs.]: New Zealand Jour. Geology and Geophysics, v. 10, no. 5, p. 1199- 1200, 1967. Lathram, Eraest H. See Wright, F. F. 01193 02150 Lafferty, Ray, Jr. DME circular flight paths for aerial photography [abs.]: Photogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 6, p. 679, 1967. 00934 Laurence, Robert A.; Ericksen, George E. Economic geology, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. SI- 01544 LaFreniere, G. F.; French, J. J. Ground-water resources of the Santa Ynez 55, tables, 1968. Upland ground-water basin, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 106 p., illus., 1968. 00952 Laurence, Robert A. Arsenic, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 268, 1968. 00405 Lai, Chintn. Computation of transient flows in rivers and estuaries by the multiple-reach method of characteristics, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. 00982 Laurence, Robert A. Tungsten, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D273-D280, illus., 4967. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 443, 1968. Lnkin, H. W. See Lovering, T. G. 01138 Lanshey, Lonis M. See Seaburn, Gerald E. 00716 01644 Lakin, Hubert W.; Davidson, David F. The relation of the geochemistry of Lee, Delln I. See Smith, Merritt B. 00205 selenium to its occurrence in soils, in Selenium in biomedicine 1st Internal. Symposium, Oregon State Univ., 1966: Westport, Conn., Avis Publishing Co., p. Lee, F. T. See Scott, J. H. 00885 27-56, 1967. Lee, Fitzhngh T. See Carroll, Roderick D. 01000 Lakin, Hubert W. See VanSickle, Gordon H. 01827 01444 Lee, Fitzhngh T.; Robinson, Chnrles S. Geologic map of Straight Creek tunnel Lakin, Hubert W. See Curtin, Gary C. 01828 pilot bore, Clear Creek and Summit Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, scale 1 in. to 50 feet, 1967. Lamar, Willinm L. See Goerlitz, Donald F. 00867 Lee, Fitzhngh T. See Nichols, Thomas D., Jr. 01512 LaMarche, V. C., Jr. See Barnes, Ivan. 02164 01574 Lee, Fitzhngh T.; Nichols, Thomns C., Jr.; Abel, John F., Jr. Use of a solid 00005 LaMarche, Valmore C., Jr. Spheroidal weathering of thermally metamorphosed inclusion borehole probe to determine 3-dimensional stress cl anges in a rock mass limestone and dolomite, White Mountains, California, in Geological Survey research [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 302, 1968. 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C32-C37, illus., tables, 1967. Lee, Fitzhugh T. See Robinson, Charles S. 01623 LaMarche, Valmore C., Jr. See Stewart, John H. 00359 01459 Lee, Renben; Chang, William C. F. Floods in the Waimanalo area, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 16 p., 1967. 00502 LnMarche, Valmore C., Jr. Rates of slope degradation as determined from botanical evidence, White Mountains, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Lee, Renben. See Chang, William C. F. 01498 352-1, p. 341-377, illus., tables, 1968. Lee.T.J. W. See Ulrich, G. E. 01806 00212 Lambert, T. W. Availability of ground water in the Paducah West and East quadrangles, Illinois and Jackson Purchase Region, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey 02211 Lee, W. H. K.; Borcherdt, R. D. P. spectral variations of th1; Gasbuggy explosion Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-177, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. at intermediate distance ranges: U.S. Geol. Survey open-fih report, 18 p., illus., table, 1968. 00433 Lamhert, T. W. Availability of ground water in parts of the New Madrid SE, Hubbard Lake, and Bondurant quadrangles, Jackson Purchase region, Kentucky- 01771 LeGrnnd, H. E. Quantified hydrogeology of crystalline rod's in the Southeastern Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-178, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, States [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 366, 1968 sections, text, 1967. 00773 LeGrand, Hnrry E. Role of ground water contamination in water management: 01292 Lamonds, A. G.; Hines, M. S.; Plebnch, R. O. Well records and depth-to-water Am. Water Works Assoc. Jour., v. 59, no. 5, p. 557-565, illus., 1967. measurements in the vicinity of Randolph and Lawrence Counties, Arkansas: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 30 p., 1967. 01088 LeGrand, Harry E. Exploitation of subsurface conditions in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Southeastern Sec., Ann. Mtg., Lampiris, Nicholas. See Epstein, Jack B. 01388 Durham, N. C., Apr. 1968, Program, p. 51-52, 1968. 01143 Landis, E. R.; Dane, C. H. Geologic map of the Tierra Amarilla quadrangle, 02008 LeGrand, Hnrry E. Monitoring of changes in quality of g~ound water: Ground Rio Arriba County, New Mexico: New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources Water, v. 6, no. 3, p. 14-18, illus., 1968. Geol. Map 19, with text, 1968. Lehmbeck, William L. See Post, Edwin V. 00560 00287 Lang, S. M. Pumping test methods for determining aquifer characteristics, in Permeability and capillarity of soils Am. Soc. Testing and Materials, 69th Ann. Lehner, Robert E. See Roberts, Ralph J. 00425 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAH 1968 A287

Lehr, James R. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 01773 01244 Lipman, Peter W. Mineral and chemical variations within an ash-f ow sheet from Aso Caldera, southwestern Japan: Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 16, 00437 Leifeste, Donald K.; Hughes, Leon S. Reconnaissance of the chemical quality no. 4, p. 300-327, illus., tables, 1967. of surface waters of the Trinity River basin, Texas: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 67, 65 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00930 Lloyd, Barbara S. The future The Appalachian economy in 1975, ir Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 26- Leifeste, Donald K. See Hughes, Leon S. 00467 27, table, 1968.

00922 Leifeste, Donald K.; Lansford, Myra W. Reconnaissance of the chemical quality 01323 Lloyd, O. B., Jr.; Floyd, E. O. The ground-water resources of Bellnven and of surface waters of the Colorado River basin, Texas: Texas Water Devel. Board vicinity, North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 52 p., illus., 1967. Rept. 71,78 p., illus., 1968. 01324 Lofgren, B. E.; Klausing, R. L. Land subsidence due to ground-water 00660 Leo, Gerhard W. The plutonic and metamorphic rocks of the Ben Lomond withdrawal, Tulare-Wasco area, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Mountain area, Santa Cruz County, California, 3in2 Short contributions to . 307 p., illus., 1967. California geology: California Div. Mines and Geology Spec. Rept. 91, p. 27-43, illus., tables, 1967. 01141 Lofgren, Ben E. Analysis of stresses causing land subsidence, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B219- 01373 Leo, Gerhard W.; White, Richard W. Geologic reconnaissance in western Liberia: B225, illus., 1968. U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 29 p., illus., table, 1967. 01692 Lofgren, Ben E. Parameters relating subsidence to water-level decline, California 01567 Leonard, B. F.; Mead, Cynthia W.; Conklin, Nancy. Silver-rich disseminated [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 125-126, 1968. sulfides from a tungsten-bearing quartz lode, Big Creek district, central Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 594-C, p. C1-C24, illus., tables, 1968. Lofgren, Ben E. See Riley, F. S. 01712

Leopold, Estella B. See Wolfe, Jack A. 00112 00046 Loney, Robert A. Geologic map of the Hollyhill quadrangle, McCreary and Whitely Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-615, scale 01130 Leopold, Estella B. Late-Cenozoic patterns of plant extinction, in Pleistocene 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. extinctions The search for a cause Internal. Assoc. Quaternary Research, 7th Cong., 1965, Proc., V. 6: New Haven, Conn., Yale Univ. Press, p. 203-246, illus., Lopez, M. A. See Hickenlooper, I. J. 00086 tables, 1967. 00802 Lopez, Miguel A. Floods at Humacao, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. 01645 Leopold, Estella B. Summary of palynological data from Searles Lake, in Inv. Atlas HA-265, scale 1:20,000, text, 1967. Pleistocene geology and palynology, Searles Valley, California Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Coast Sec., Mtg., Sept. 1967, Guidebook: [n.p.J p. 52-66, 1967. Lorentzen, George R. See Zietz, Isidore. 01844

00643 Leopold, L. B. Standards for water quality [with French abs.], in Petroleum Loring, D.H. See Emery, K. O. 01972 industry General problems World Petroleum Cong., 7th, Mexico, 1967, Proc., V. 9: London, Elsevier Publishing Co., p. 271-275, 1967. Lonnsbury, Richard E. See Moore, Gerald K. 00592

00289 Leopold, Luna B. Comprehensive planning and the dragon to slay, in Wilderness 00593 Lounsbury, Richard E. Geologic map of the Ashland City quadrangle, Tennessee: in a changing world (edited by Bruce M. Kilgore): San Francisco, Calif., Sierra Tennessee Div. Geology Geol. Map 304-SE, scale 1:24,000, separate text, 1?67. Club, p. 40-47,1966. 01560 Love, J. D.; Reed, John C., Jr. Creation of the Teton landscape The geologic story of Grand Teton National Park: Grand Teton Natl. Park, Wyo., Grand Teton 00555 Leopold, Luna B.; Skibitzke, Herbert E. Observations on unmeasured rivers: Geog. Annaler, v. 49A, nos. 2-4, p. 247-255, illus., tables, 1967. Nat. History Assoc., 120 p., illus., 1968. 02182 Love, J. D. Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentation and tectonism, 00955 Lesnre, F. G.; Feitler, Stanley A.; Stansfield, Robert G. Feldspar, in Mineral southern Yellowstone-Jackson Hole area, Wyoming [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 277- Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 49-50, 1968. 280, tables, 1968. Love, J. D. See Keefer, W. R. 02250 00962 Lesnre, F. G.; Shirley, L. E. Mica, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 311-325, illus., table, 1968. 00017 Lovering, T. G.; Niles, M. S.; Graves, M. L. Spectrographic data on the composition of basaltic rocks, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. 00870 Lesure, Frank G. Mica deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. Cl 13-C115, illus., 1967. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 577, 124 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. 01138 Lovering, T. G.; Lakin, H. W.; Hubert, A. E. Concentration and minor element 00290 Leve, G. W.; Goolsby, D. A. Test hole in aquifer with many water-bearing zones association of gold in ore-related jasperoid samples, in Geological Survey research at Jacksonville, Florida: Ground Water, v. 5, no. 4, p. 18-22, illus., table, 1967. 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. Bl 12-B114, tables, 1968.

01043 Leve, G. W. The Floridan aquifer in northeast Florida: Ground Water, v. 01565 Lovering, T. S.; Engel, Celeste. Translocation of silica and other elements from 6, no. 2, p. 19-29, illus., table, 1968. rock into Equisetum and three grasses: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 594-B, p. B1-B16, illus., tables, 1967. 01539 Leve, G. W. Reconnaissance of ground-water resources of Baker County, Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 50 p., illus., 1968. 01646 Lovering, T. S. Some cultural contributions of the geological arts and sciences: New Mexico Acad. Sci. Bull., v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-9, 1966. Levin, Betsy. See Ives, Patricia C. 00150 00673 Lovering, Thomas S. Future metal supplies, the problem of capability [summ.]: Lewis, James G. See Thompson, M orris M. 00188 Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 28, no. I, p. 27-28, 1968. 01040 Loving, Hugh B. AirBorne Control survey system: Mil. Engineer, v. 59, no. 01631 Lewis, James G. Instruments for plotting from color aerial photographs, App. 390, p. 248-250, illus., 1967. in Manual of color aerial photography: Washington, D. C., Am. Soc. Photogrammetry, 1968. Lowry, Marlin E. See Whitcomb, Harold A. 01202 00445 Lewis, Richard Q., Sr. Geologic map of the Dubre quadrangle, southern Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-676, scale 1:24,000, sections, 00219 Lncchitta, Ivo. Pierce Ferry area, in Evolution of the Colorado River in Arizona text, 1967. An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, p. 4-5, illus., 00787 Lewis, Richard Q., Sr. Geologic map of the Frogue quadrangle, Kentucky- 1967. Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-675, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Lnft, S. J. See Hinrichs, E. Neal. 00051

02200 Lichtler, W. F.; Anderson, Warren; Joyner, G. F. Water resources of Orange 00887 Lnsby, G. C.; Hadley, R. F. Deposition behind low dams and barriers in the County, Florida: Florida Div. Geology Rept. Inv. 50, 150 p., illus., tables, 1968. south-western United States: Jour. Hydrology New Zealand, v. 6, no. 2, p. 89- 105, illus., tables, 1967. Lidiak, Edward G. See Muehlberger, William R. 01838 00978 Luttrell, Gwendolyn W.; Stansfield. Robert G. Silver, in Mineral resources of 00701 Lindsay, James R. Review of "Guide to fluorescence literature", by R. A. the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 426-430, illus., Passwater: Appl. Optics, v. 7, no. 1, p. 86, 1968. tables, 1968. 00689 Lipman, Peter W. Reply to Ewart's discussion [of 1966 paper, "Water pressures Lntz, Gale A. See Dempster, George R., Jr. 01455 during differentiation and crystallization of some ash-flow magmas from southern Nevada", 1967]: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 265, no. 10, p. 905-906, 1967. 01019 MacDonald, William R. Sketch map series for Antarctica, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B185-B189, 1968. A288 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01642 MacDonald, William R. Antarctic aerial photography program: Preprint for Maaheim, Frank T. See Schopf, Thomas J. M. 02154 Am. Soc. Photogrammetry, 34th Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968. Mapel,W.J. See Sandberg, C. A. 01559 01509 MacKallor, Jnles A. A photo-mosaic of western Peru from Gemini photography: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 10 p., illus., 1967. Mapel, William J. See Sandberg, Charles A. 00020

01293 MacKevett, E. M., Jr.; Brew, David A.; Hawley, C. C.; Hnff, Lyman C.; Smith, 00591 Marcher, Melvin V. Geologic map of the Tharpe quadrangle, Tennessee James G. Mineral resources of Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska: U.S. (including the Tennessee portions of the Model, Rushing Creek, and Hamlin Geol. Survey open-file report, 176 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. quadrangles, Kentucky-Tennessee): Tennessee Div. Geology Geol. Map GM 28- SW, scale 1:24,000, separate text, 1967. 00233 MacLachlan, Marjorie E. Oklahoma, Chap. E in Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, Marine,!. W. See Siple, G. E. 01772 p. 81-92, illus., table, 1967. 01986 Marinenko, John; May, Irving. Fluorometric determination of gold in rocks with 00752 Maclay, R. W.; Winter, T. C.; Pike, G. M. Water resources of Two Rivers Rhodamine B: Anal. Chemistry, v. 40, p. 1137-1139, 1968. watershed, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA- 237,4 sheets, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. Marinenko, John W. See Mrose, Mary E. 01694

Maclay, R. W. See Winter, T. C. 02193 Markward, Ellen L. See Davidson, Claire B. 01964

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MacNeil, F. Stearns. See Durham, J. Wyatt. 00115 Marshall, B.Vanghn. See Lachenbruch, Arthur H. 01180 i 02220 Macqneen, Roger W.; Sandberg, Charles A. Correlation of outcropping 01181 Marshall, B. Vaughn; Lachenbruch, Arthur H. Some recent heat-flow results Devonian-Mississippian clastic units. Alberta and Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. from the Arctic Ocean [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 323- America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 324, 1968. 50-51, 1968. Marshall, Robert. See Goldman, Howard. 00830 00724 MacQnown, W. C. Preliminary structure map of the Nicholasville quadrangle, Jessamine and Fayette Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Marshall, Robert. See Goldman, Howard. 01522 scale 1:24,000, 1968. Marvin, Richard F. See Doe, Bruce R. 00804 01060 MacQnown, W. C., Jr. Geologic map of the Clintonville quadrangle, central Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-717, scale 1:24,000, section, Massoni, C. J. See Shapiro, Leonard. 01008 text, 1968. 02000 Masurky, Harold A. Lunar stratigraphy and sedimentatnn [abs.]: Internal. 00563 MacQnown, William C., Jr.; Dobrovolny, Ernest. Geologic map of the Lexington Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 344, 1968. East quadrangle, Fayette and Bourbon Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-683, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. Masnrsky, H. See Gault, D. 00669 Madison, R. J. See Richardson, Donald. 00814 00318 Matalas, N. C. General considerations in the analysis of hydrologic time series [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 91, 1966. 00729 Maher, J. C.; Trollman, W. W. Geological literature on the San Joaquin Valley of California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 421 p., illus., 1968. 00410 Matalas, N. C. Mathematical assessment of synthetic hydrology: Water Resources Research, v. 3, no. 4, p. 937-945, 1967. 00303 Maher, John C. Geologic framework and petroleum potential of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf, with a section on stratigraphy by John C. Maher Matalas, N. C. See Benson, M. A. 00411 and Esther R. Applin: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 232 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01245 Matalas, N. C. Some distribution problems in time-series simulation, in Computer applications in the earth sciences Colloquium on time-series analysis: 02201 Maher, John C. Geologic framework and petroleum potential of the Atlantic Kansas Geol. Survey Computer Contr. 18, p. 37-40, 1967. coast: Tulsa Geol. Soc. Digest, v. 35, p. 278-283, illus., 1967. 00911 Matalas, Nicholas C.; Benson, Mannel A. Note on the standard error of the Maher, Stuart W. See Carpenter, Robert H. 01768 coefficient of skewness: Water Resources Research, v. 4, no. 1, p. 204-205, 1968. 00561 Malde, Harold E. Surficial geologic map of the Norwalk South quadrangle, 00637 Matsno, Sadao; Friedman, Irving. Deuterium content in fractionally collected Fairfield County, Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-718, scale rainwater: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 24, p. 6374-6376, illus., tables, 1967. 1:24,000, 1968. Mattick, R. E. See Arnow, Ted. 00999 01139 Mallory, Edward C., Jr. Spectrochemical analysis of stream waters in geochemical prospecting, north-central Colorado, in Geological Survey research 00377 Mattick, Robert E. A seismic and gravity profile across the Hueco bolson, Texas, 1968. Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. Bl 15-B116, illus., 1968. in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- D, p. D85-D91, illus., 1967. 00690 Mallory, William W. Mississippian and Pennsylvanian stratigraphy in middle and southern Rocky Mountains [abs.]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., Mattick, Robert E. See Oliver, Howard W. 01944 v. 51, no. 9, p. 1903, 1967. 00246 Mattson. Peter H. 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B1-B27, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. County, north-central Texas, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C120-C126, illus., 1967. 00766 Manghan, Edwin K. Eastern Wyoming, eastern Montana, and the Dakotas, Chap. G in Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian System in the United States: 00032 Manger, G. Edward; Wertman, W. T. Immobility of connate water in permeable U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, p. 125-152, illus., tables, 1967. sandstone, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C192-C194, table, 1967. Maxwell, Charles H. See Sheridan, Douglas M. 00118 01813 Manheim, F. T.; Meade, R. H.; Trumbnll, J. V. A.; Bond, G. C. Suspended 00950 Maxwell, Charles H.; Frendzel, Donald J.; Stunsfield, Roberf G. Sand and gravel, matter in Atlantic coastal waters between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and the Florida in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. 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01968 May, Irving. Review of "Rapid methods of trace analysis for geochemical 00230 McKee, E. D.; Oriel, S. S. (and others). Paleotectonic investigations of the applications," by R. E. Stanton: Anal. Chemistry, v. 40, p. 58A-59A, 1968. Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, 271 p., illus., tables, 1967. May, Irving. See Marinenko, John. 01986 McKee, E. D. See Poole, F. G. 00745 00770 May, V. Jeff; Mycyk, Roman T. Floods in Crystal Lake quadrangle, northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas Ha-253, scale 1:24,000, 00060 McKee, E. H.; Nelson, C. A. Geologic map of the Soldier Pass quadrangle. text, 1967. California and Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-654, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. Mayo, Lawrence R. See P6we, Troy L. 00095 01596 McKee, E. H. Age and rate of movement on the northern part of the Death Mayo, R.I. See Webber, E. E. 01526 Valley-Furnace Creek fault zone, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 4, p. 509-512, illus., table, 1968. 01527 Mayo, R. I.; Webber, E. E. Floods at Amesville, Ohio: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 18 p., illus., 1968. 00217 McKee, Edwin D.; Wilson, Richard F.; Breed, William J.; Breed, Carol S. (editors). Evolution of the Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed Mays, Robert E. See Skinner, Brian J. 00152 at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, 67 p., illus., 1967. Mazursky, H. See Gault, D. E. 00668 00220 McKee, Edwin D. Toroweap Valley area, in Evolution of the Colorado River McAdoo, G. D. See Anders, R. B. 01120 in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, McCamis, M. J. See Schlee, John S. 01815 p. 14, 1967. McCamis, Marvin J. See Trumbull, James V. A. 00270 00221 McKee, Edwin D. 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See Karlstrom, T. N. V. 01508 00235 McKee, Edwin D. Arizona and western New Mexico, Chap. J in Pabotectonic investigations of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. McCauley, J. F. See Moore, H. J. 01510 ' Paper 515, p. 199-223, illus., table, 1967. 00796 McCauley, John F. Geologic results from the lunar precursor probes: Am. 00329 McKee, Edwin D.; Oriel, Steven S. (and others). Paleotectonic mzrps of the Inst. Aeronautics and Astronautics Paper 67-682, 8 p., 1967. Permian System: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, scale (plates 1- 8) 1:5,000,000, text of 164 p., illus., table, 1967. 00526 McClymonds, Neal E. Water resources of the Guanica area, Puerto Rico A preliminary appraisal, 1963: Puerto Rico Commonwealth Water-Resources Bull. 01142 McKee, Edwin D.; Hamblin, W. Kenneth; Damon, Panl E. K-Ar age of lava 6, 43 p., illus., 1967. dam in Grand Canyon: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 1, p. 133-136, illus., 1968. 00110 McCulloch, D. S. 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E.; Williams, James Steele; Sheldon, R. P.; Cressmrn, E. R.; McDonald, Charles C. See Hughes, Gilbert H. 01152 Cheney, T. M.; Swanson, R. W. The Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations in western phosphate field, in Anatomy of the western phosphate field 01046 McGavock, E. H. Basic ground-water data for southern Coconino County, Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, Arizona: Arizona Land Dept. Water-Resources Rept. 33, 48 p., illus., tables, 1968. Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, p. 15-33, illus., 1967. 01419 McGehee, R. V.; Bayley, R. W.; White, R. Preliminary outcrop map, Rochford McKelvey, V. E. See Cloud, Preston E., Jr. 00665 and vicinity, Black Hills, South Dakota, showing locations and values of samples analyzed selectively for Au, As, and Cu: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 00925 McKelvey, V. E. Appalachia Problems and opportunities, in Mineral resources 1:24,000, 1968. of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 3-14, illus., tables, 1968. 01325 McGreevy, L. J.; Hodson, W. G.; Rucker, S. J. Ground-water resources of the Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report 00589 McKelvey, Vincent E.; Carswell, Lonis D. Uranium in the Fhosphoria 199 p., illus., 1967. Formation, in Anatomy of the western phosphate field Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, IntermounUin Assoc. McGrew,L.W. See Skipp, Betty. 02238 Geologists, p. 119-123, illus., tables, 1967. 00641 McGuinness, C. L. National importance of ground water: Ground Water, v. McKelvey, Vincent E. See Sheldon, Richard P. 00767 6, no. I, p. 2-4,1968. McKenzie, Morris L. See Eller, Robert C. 00198 00662 McGninness, C. L. Ground-water research in the U.S.A.: Earth-Sci. Rev., v. 3, no. 3, p. 181-202, tables, 1967. 01128 McKnight, Edwin T. Bearing of isotopic composition of contained lead on the genesis of Mississippi Valley ore deposits, in Genesis of stratiform lead-znc-barite- McKay, Edward J. See Noble, Donald C. 00045 fluorite deposits (Mississippi Valley type deposits) A symposium, New York, 1966: Econ. Geology Mon. 3, p. 392-398, table, 1967. 00167 McKee, E. D.; Crosby, E. J.; Berryhill, H. L., Jr. Flood deposits, Bijou Creek, Colorado, June 1965: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 37, no. 3, p. 829-851, illus., tables, 01966 McMannis, William J.; Skipp, Betty; Roberts, Albert E. Cretaceous of the 1967. western Crazy Mountains basin and vicinity, Montana Geol. Soc. America, Rocky A290 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Mtn. Sec., Guidebook 2: Bozeman, Mont., Geol. Soc. America, Rocky Mtn. Sec., 01452 M'Gonigle, J. W.; Schleicher, D. L. Preliminary geologic map of the Plato 23 p., 1968. quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1966.

00209 McMaster, William M. Hydrologic data for the Oak Ridge area, Tennessee: M'Gonigle, John W. See Shoemaker, Eugene M. 01977 U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-N, p. N1-N60, illus., tables, 1967. Midgett, M. R. See Fishman, M. J. 00906 McQnivey, Rani S. See Richardson, Everett V. 00738 00912 Midgett, Maryland R.; Fishman, Marvin J. Determination of total chromium 01460 McQuivey, Raul S. Turbulence in a hydrodynamically rough and smooth open in fresh waters by atomic absorption: Atomic Absorption Newsletter, v. 6, no. channel flow: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 105 p., 1967. 6, p. 128-131, 1967.

Mead, Cynthia W. See Leonard, B. F. 01567 00362 Miesch, A. T. Geologic data Some comments on quality: Geotimes, v. 12, no. 9, p. 12-14, 1967. Meade, R. H. See Manheim, F. T. 01813 Millard, H. T., Jr. See Simon, F. O. 01984 01 114 Meade, Robert H. Compaction of sediments underlying areas of land subsidence Miller, Carl D. See Friedman, Jules D. 01612 in central California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 497-D, p. D1-D39, illus., tables, 1968. 00037 Miller, E. G. The construction and use of flow-volume curves, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C216- Meckel, James P. See Childers, Joseph M. 00332 C218, illus., 1967. Medina, K. D. See Smoot, G. F. 01301 01495 Miller, Fred K. Geology of the Quartzite quadrangle, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:48,000, sections, 1968. Mehnert, H. H. See Noble, Donald C. 01934 01541 Miller, G. A.; Rapp, J. R. Reconnaissance of the groind-water resources of Mehnert, Harold H. See Steven, Thomas A. 00373 the Ellwood-Gaviota area, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 100 p., illus., 1968. 00792 Meier, M. F. South Cascade Glacier, Washington, in Annals of the International Geophysical Year V. 41, Glaciers: New York, Pergamon Press, p. 169-170, 1967. 01148 Miller, R. E.; Johnston, R. H.; Olowu, J. A. L; Uzoma, J. U. Ground-water hydrology of the Chad Basin in Bornu and Dikwa Emirates, northeastern Nigeria, 00793 Meier, M. F. Glacier observations in the Sierra, Cascade, Olympic and Rocky with special emphasis on the flow life of the artesian system: U.S. Geol. Survey Mountains, in Annals of the International Geophysical Year V. 41, Glaciology: Water-Supply Paper 1757-1, p. 11-148, illus., tables, 1968. New York, Pergamon Press, p. 168-169, 1967. 01140 Miller, Ralph L.; Hadley, Jarvis B.; Cox, Dennis P. General geology, in Mineral 00040 Meisler, Harold; Becher, Albert E. Hydrogeologic significance of calcium- resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 55- magnesium ratios in ground water from carbonate rocks in the Lancaster 80, illus., tables, 1968. quadrangle, southeastern Pennsylvania, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C232-C235, illus., table, 1967. 00343 Miller, Robert C.; Moore, Samnel L. Geologic map of the Center quadrangle, south-central Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-693, scale 02023 Meisler, Harold; Becher, Albert E. Carbonate rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. age in the Lancaster quadrangle, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-G, p. G1-G14, illus., tables, 1968. 01058 Miller, Robert C. Geologic map of the Russellville quadrangle, Logan County, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-714, scale 1:24,000, section, Mello, J. F. See Hazel, J. E. 01661 text, 1968. Mensik, J. D. See Huffman, Claude, Jr. 00105 Miller, Thomas P. See Patton, William W., Jr. 01150 00149 Merewether, E. A. Geology of Knoxville quadrangle, Johnson and Pope 01947 Miller, Thomas P.; Ferrians, Oscar J., Jr. Suggested areas for prospecting in Counties, Arkansas: Arkansas Geol. and Conserv. Comm. Inf. Circ. 20-E, 55 p., the central Koyukuk River region, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Su-vey Circ. 570, 12 p., illus., 1967. illus., 1968. Merrill, R. T. See Gromme, C. S. 00471 Miller, Thomas P. See Patton, William W., Jr. 02047 Merrill, R. T. See Gromme, C. S. 00775 00989 Milton, Charles; Bennison, Allan P. Phosphate nodules from the Wills Point Formation, Hopkins County, Texas, in Geological Survey re^arch 1968, Chap. B: Merrin, Seymour. See Thaden, Robert E. 00342 U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B11-B15, illus., tables 1968. 01413 Mertie, John B., Jr. Platinum deposits of Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open- 01745 Milton, Charles. Comparison of nepheline syenite complexes in the Beemerville file report, 65 p., illus., tables, 1968. area, Sussex County, New Jersey, and in Augusta County, Virginia [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 269-270, 1968. 00218 Metzger, Donald G. Parker-Blythe-Cibola area, in Evolution of the Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic 01487 Milton, Daniel J. Reconnaissance geologic map of part of the Milan quadrangle, Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona New Hampshire-Maine and the Percy quadrangle, New Hampshire: U.S. Geol. Bull. 44, p. 2-3, illus., 1967. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 00222 Metzger, Donald G. Verde Valley area, in Evolution of the Colorado River in 01604 Milton, Daniel J. Geologic map of the Theophilus quadrangle of the Moon: Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-546 (LAC-78), section, 1968. Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Arizona Bull. 44, p. 20-21, 1967. 00450 Minard, James P. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 00229 Metzger, Donald G. (and others). Late Cenozoic sedimentation, in Evolution 1260-E, p. E1-E14, illus., 1967. of the Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern Miaard, James P. See Owens, James P. 01577 Arizona Bull. 44, p. 42-43, 1967. 01845 Minard, James P. Wind-eroded boulders in the Coasts! Plain of New Jersey Meuschke, J. L. See Evenden, G. I. 00376 [abs.J: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 270, 1968. Meyer, C. See Hemley, J. J. 02163 01381 Mobley, C. M.; Santos, E. S. Location of holes and assay data obtained in drilling for uranium deposits in the Yellow Cat and Squaw Park areas, Thompson 00204 Meyer, Charles; Hemley, J. Julian. Wall rock alteration [Chap.] 6 in district. Grand County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 p., illus., tables, Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits (H. L. Barnes, editor): New York, Holt, 1967. Rinehart and Winston, p. 166-235, illus., tables, 1967. 01486 Moench, Robert H. Geologic maps, structure sections, and fence diagrams of 00936 Meyer, Richard F.; Sweeney, John W. Asphalt, heavy crude oil, and shallow Rangeley and Phillips quadrangles, Franklin and Oxford Counties, Maine, and oil reservoirs, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey heavy metals content of stream sediment samples from the Rangeley and parts of Prof. Paper 580, p. 96-101, illus., tables, 1968. the Phillips and Rumford quadrangles, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 7 sheets, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 00940 Meyer, Richard F.; Edgerton, Curt D., Jr. Petroleum and natural gas, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 145- 01575 Monroe, W. H. The age of the Puerto Rico Trench: Geol. Soc. America Bull., 163, illus., tables, 1968. v. 79, no. 4, p. 487-494, illus., 1968. Meyer, Walter R. See Prill, Robert C. 01026 02158 Monroe, W. H. Middle Tertiary limestone complex of northern Puerto Rico [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, 80th Ann. Mtg., New Orleans, La., Program, p. 154, Meyrowitz, Robert. See Mrose, Mary E. 01837 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A291

00256 Monroe, Watson H. Geologic map of the Quebradillas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: Morgan, Joseph O. See Gawarecki, Slephen J. 00774 U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-498, scale 1:20,000, text, 1967. Morris, D. A. See Johnson, A. I. 00626 01660 Monroe, Watson H. The karst features of northern Puerto Rico [abs.]: Natl. Speleol. Soc. Bull., v. 29, no. 3, p. 103, 1967; Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, 00461 Morris, Donald A. Use of chemical and radioaclive Iracers al Ihe Nalional p. 444, 1968. Reaclor Tesling Slalion, Idaho, in Stoul, Glenn E., ed., Isolope lechniques in Ihe hydrologic cycle: Am. Geophys. Union Geophys. Mon. 11, p. 130-142, illus., 1967. Montgomery, Kathleen M. See Roberts, Ralph J. 00425 Morris, E. C. See Holt, H. E. 00516 00399 Moody, D. W.; VanReenan, E. D. High-resolution subbottom seismic profiles of the Delaware estuary and" Bay mouth, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. Morris, E. C. See Shoemaker. E. M. 00695 D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D247-D252, illus., 1967. Morris, E. C. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00828 00612 Moody, D. W.; Shaefer, F. L. Delaware River basin Water data stations: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 32 p., illus., 1967. Morris, E. C. See Rennilson, J. J. 01985 0200\ Morris, E. C. Close range geologic invesligalion of Ihe lunar surface wilh 01746 Moody, David W. Sand ridges on the Continental Shelf and Coastal Plain near Surveyor television piclures [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Bethany Beach, Delaware [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 270- Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abslracls, p. 345, 1968. 271, 1968. 00096 Morris, Elliot C.; Wilhelms, Don E. Geologic map of Ihe Julius Caesar 01383 Mook, Anita Lonise. Petrography of the Athol quadrangle, Massachusetts: U.S. quadrangle of Ihe Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-510 (LAC- Geol. Survey open-file report, 81 p., illus., tables, 1967. 60), 1967. 00848 Moore, A. M. Water temperatures in the lower Columbia River: U.S. Geol. 00010 Morris, Hal T.; Kopf, Rudolph W. Breccia pipes in Ihe Wesl Tinlic and Survey Circ. 551,45 p., illus., tables, 1968. Sheeprock Mounlains, Ulah, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C66-C71, illus., 1967. Moore, Donald O. See Eakin, Thomas E. 00422 02186 Morris, Rohert H.; Pierce, Kenneth L. Geologic map of Ihe Vanceburg 01160 Moore, Donald O. Estimating mean runoff in ungaged semiarid areas: Internal. quadrangle, Kenlucky-Ohio: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-598, scale Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Bull., v. 13, no. 1, p. 29-39, 1968. 1:24,000, seclion, lexl, 1967. Moore, Frank Baker. See Hawley, C. C. 00243 01902 Morrison, Roger B. Preliminary soil classificalion map of soulhweslern U.S. and Mexico from space photography: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 4 p., 01443 Moore, G. K.; Brown, D. L. Stratigraphy of the Fort Pillow test well, Lauderdale illus., 1968. County, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 34 p., illus., 1967. Moses, Thomas H., Jr. See Sass, J. H. 01185 00336 Moore, George E., Jr. Bedrock geologic map of the Watch Hill quadrangle. Washington County, Rhode Island, and New London County, Connecticut: U.S. 01132 Moss, Marshall E. Riverbed degradation below dams Discussion [of paper Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-655, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1967. 5335 by S. Komura and D. B. Simons, 1967]: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 94, paper 5920, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY3, p. 757-759, lable, 1968. 00592 Moore, Gerald K.; Lounsbnry, Richard E. Geologic map of the Cheatham Dam quadrangle, Tennessee: Tennessee Div. Geology Geol. Map GM 304-SW, scale Moston, R. P. See Johnson, A. I. 00626 1:24,000, separate text, 1967. Mota, D.J. G. See Emery, K. O. 01972 00441 Moore, H. J. Geologic map of the Seleucus quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-527 (LAC-38), text, 1967. 00169 Mount, J. Russell; Rayner, Frank A.; Shamburger, Victor M., Jr.; Peckham, Richard C.; Osborne, Fred L., Jr. Reconnaissance invesligalion of Ihe ground-water 01510 Moore, H. J.; Kachadoorian, Reuben; McCanley, J. F. Imagery of craters resources of the Colorado River basin, Texas: Texas Water Devel. B'card Repl. produced by missile impacts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 38 p., illus., tables, 51, 107 p., illus., lables, geol. maps, 1967. 1968. 01006 Monntjoy, Wayne; Wahlberg, James S. Determination of micro amounts of Moore, H. J., 3d. See Hinrichs, E. N. 00258 cesium in geologic materials, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B119-B122, lables, 1968. Moore, H. J., 3d. See Hinrichs, E. N. 00851 Mourant, Walter A. See Ballz, E. H., Jr. 00606 01144 Moore, Henry J. Ranger VIII and gravity scaling of lunar craters: Science, v. 159, no. 3812, p. 333-334, 1968. 00854 Mourant, Walter A. Pecos River basin Geography, geology, and hydrology, in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico Slate Engineer Office, compiler): 02002 Moore, Henry J. Impact craters and the lunar surface [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Sanla Fe, N. Mex., Slate Plan. Office, p. 60-73, illus., lables, 1967. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracls, p. 345, 1968. Mower, R. W. See Cordova, R. M. 00158 Moore, James C. See Schilling, Jean-Guy. 01186 Mower, R. W. See Hely, A. G. 01284 00215 Moore, James G.; Evans, Bernard W. The role of olivine in the cryslallizalion of Ihe prehistoric Makaopuhi Iholeiilic lava lake, Hawaii: Conlr. Mineralogy and 00512 Moxham, R. M. Changes in surface lemperalures al Taal Volcano, Philippines, Pelrology, v. 15, no. 3, p. 202-223, illus., lables, 1967. 1965-1966: Bull. Volcanol., v. 31, p. 215-235, 1967. Moore, James G. See Dodge, F. C. W. 00988 Moxham, R. M. See Wallace, R. E. 00781 Moore, James G. See Evans, Bernard W. 01572 01442 Moxham, R. M. Aerial infrared images of Ihe Geysers geolhermal sleam field and vicinily, Sonoma Counly, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 01693 Moore, James G. Submarine lava adjacenl to Hawaii [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America p., illus., 1968. Spec. Paper 101, p. 142-143, 1968. 01511 Moxham, R. M.; Greeue, G. W.; Friedman, J. D.; Gawarecki, S. J. Infrared Moore, S. L. See Klemic, Harry. 01146 imagery and radiomelry Summary report, December 1967: U.S. Ge->l. Survey open-file report, 29 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00049 Moore, Samuel L.; Haynes, Donald D. Geologic map of Ihe Park quadrangle, soulh-cenlral Kenlucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-634, scale 00580 Moxham, Robert M.; Greene, Gordon W.; Harvey, A. H. Aerial and bore-hole 1:24,000, seclion, lexl, 1967. Ihermal surveys al coal mine fires, Pa. [abs.j: Mining Eng., v. 19, no. 12, p. 35, 1967. Moore, Samnel L. See Jones, William R. 00079 Moxham, Robert M. See Gawarecki, Slephen J. 00774 Moore, Samuel L. See Miller, Robert C. 00343 00797 Moyle, W. R., Jr. Waler wells and springs in Soda, Silver, and Cronise Valleys, 01054 Moore, Samuel L. Geologic map of Ihe Pembroke quadrangle, Chrislian and San Bernardino Counly, California: California Depl. Waler Resources Bull. 91- Todd Counlies, Kenlucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-709, scale 13, [61] p., illus., lables, geol. map, 1967. 1:24,000, seclion, lexl, 1967 [1968]. 00832 Moyle, W. R., Jr. Water wells and springs in Brislol, Broadwell, Cadiz, Danby, Moore, W. J. See Stacey, J. S. 00807 and Lavic Valleys and vicinily, San Bernardino and Riverside Counlies, California: California Depl. Waler Resources Bull. 91-14, [63] p., illus., lables, 1967. Moreland, J. A. See Wall, J. R. 01307 01161 Moyle, W. R., Jr. Water wells and springs in Borrego, Carrizo, and San Felipe 00168 Morgan, J. H. Pumping test of an Eocene aquifer near Mayfield, Kentucky: valley areas, San Diego and Imperial Counlies, California: California Drpl. Waler Kenlucky Geol. Survey, ser. 10, Inf. Circ. 15, 20 p., illus., lables, 1967. Resources Bull. 91-15, 15 p., app. A-E, lables, 1968. A292 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Mrose, Mary E. See Evans, Howard T., Jr. 01678 00782 Mullineanx, Dona) R.; Bonilla, Manuel G.; Schlocker, Julius. Relation of building damage to geology in Seattle, Washington, during the April 1965 earthquake, in Mrose, Mary E. See Evans, Howard T., Jr. 01679 Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- D, p. D183-D191, illus., 1967. 01694 Mrose, Mary E.; Rose, Harry J., Jr.; Marinenko, John W. Synthesis and properties of fairchildite and buetschliite Their relationship in wood-ash stone 00919 Mundorff, James C. Fluvial sediment in the drainage area of K-79 Reservoir, formation [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 146, 1968. Kiowa Creek basin, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Sunply Paper 1798-D, D1-D26, illus., 1968. 01837 Mrose, Mary E.; Meyrowitz, Robert; Alfors, John T.; Chesterman, Charles W. Nissonite, CuMg (PO4>(OH)-2 1/2 H2 O, a new hydrous copper magnesium 00414 Mnndorff, M. J. Ground water in the vicinity of American Falls Reservoir, phosphate mineral from the Panoche Valley, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1846, 58 p., illus., tables, 1967. Spec. Paper 101, p. 145-146, 1968. Mundorff, M. J. See Crosthwaite, E. G. 01402 00325 Mudge, M. R. Environment of central Midcontinent region Interval B (plate 10, Map A), in Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Mnnroe, Robert J. See Sass, J. H. 01185 Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, text p. 47-48, 1967. Munroe, Robert J. See Sass, J. H. 01586 Mudge, M. R. See Knight, Richard R. 00645 Munson, R. D. See Eaton, J. P. 01753 Mudge, M. R. See Kleinkopf, M. D. 01179 Murillo, Carlos. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 00211 Mudge, Melville R. Geologic map of the Arsenic Peak quadrangle, Teton, and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ- 02195 Mutch, T. A.; Sannders, R. S. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse III-9-5 and 597, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1967. vicinity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968.

00234 Mudge, Melville R. Central Midcontinent region, Chap. F in Paleotectonic Mycyk, Roman T. See Alien, Howard E. 00085 investigations of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, p. 93-123, illus., tables, 1967. Mycyk, Roman T. See May, V. Jeff. 00770

00722 Mudge, Melville R. Preliminary geologic map of the Great Falls-Browns Lake 00291 Myers, B. N.; Dale, O. C. Ground-water resources of Brooks County, Texas: area, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 6 sheets, scale Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 61, 87 p., illus., tables, 1967. 1:250,000, 1968. Myers, Donald A. See Oriel, Steven S. 00765 00865 Mndge, Melville R. Bedrock geologic map of the Castle Reef quadrangle, Teton and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map 01010 Myers, Donald A. Schwagerina crassitectoria Dunbar and Skinner, 1937, a GQ-711, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1968. fusulinid from the upper part of the Wichita Group, lower Permian, Coleman County, Texas, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey 01703 Mndge, Melville R. Depth control of some concordant intrusions: Geol. Soc. Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B133-B139, illus., 1968. America Bull., v. 79, no. 3, p. 315-332, illus., table, 1968. 01576 Myers, Donald A. Stratigraphic distribution, Pennsylvanian fusulinids, Manzano Mndge, Melville R. See Obradovich, John D. 01798 Mountains, New Mexico [abs.]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 52, no. 3, p. 542, 1968. 02221 Mndge, Melville R.; Sheppard, Richard A. Provenance of igneous rocks in Cretaceous conglomerates in northwestern Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Myers, W. B. See Reed, John C., Jr. 01233 Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 53, 1968. Myers, W. Bradley. See Hamilton, Warren. 01723 01838 Mnehlberger, William R.; Goldich, Samnel S.; Hedge, Carl E.; Lidiak, Edward G.; Denison, Rodger E. Precambrian development of the central United States [abs.]: 00131 Mytton, James W. Geology of the Mimas quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 147, 1968. Saudi Arabia Ministry Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate Gen. Mineral Resources, Mineral Inv. Map MI-1, scale 1:1,000,000, 1967. Muehlberger, William R. See Bayley, Richard W. 02017 00132 Myttou, James W. Geology of the Khadrah quadrangle. Kingdom of Saudi 00116 Muessig, Siegfried. Geology of the Republic quadrangle and a part of the Aeneas Arabia: Saudi Arabia Ministry Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate Gen. quadrangle, Ferry County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1216, 135 p., illus., Mineral Resources, Mineral Inv. Map MI-2, scale 1:1,000,000, 1967. tables, geol. map, 1967. 00133 Mytton, James W. Geological and geochemical reconnaissance of the Jabal al Muffler, L.J. P. See Clayton, R. N. 01175 Urd quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia Ministry Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate Gen. Mineral Resources, Mineral Inv. Map MI- Muffler, L. J. P. See White, D. E. 01191 4, scale 1:1,000,000, 1967. Muffler, L.J. P. See White, D. E. 01901 00310 Nace, Raymond. Water in Flatland: GeoScience News, v. 1, no. 1, p. 2-5, 18-22, illus., 1967. Muffler, L. J. P. See Truesdell, A. H. 01981 00170 Nace, Raymond L. Water resources A global problem with local roots: Mnffler, L. J. P. See Fournier, R. O. 01999 Environmental Sci. and Technology, v. 1, no. 7, p. 550-560, illus., table, 1967. 02003 Muffler, L. J. P.; White, D. E. Origin of CO2 in the Salton Sea geothermal 00292 Nace, Raymond L. International Hydrologic Decade program abroad Closure system, southeastern California, USA [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, [to discussion of paper 4864, 1966]: Am. Soc. Civil Engineer? Proc., v. 93, paper Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 385, 1968. 5543, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 6, p. 426-427; errata to paper 4864, p. 427, 1967. Mnffler, L.J. P. See White, D. E. 02242 01131 Nace, Raymond L. Geohydrology Recent progress: Geotimes, v. 13, no. 4, Muffler, L. J. P. See Fournier, R. O. 02246 p. 16, 1968. 00750 Muffler, L. J. Patrick. Stratigraphy of the Keku Islets and neighboring parts 01246 Naeser, C. W. The use of apatite and sphene for fission tract' age determinations: of Kuiu and Kupreanof Islands, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1241- Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 12, p. 1523-1526, 1967. C, p. C1-C52, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Nakagawa, H. M. See Ward, F. N. 00397 00408 Mullen, Roy. Automatic plotter for map base preparation, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D289-D291, 01007 Nakagawa, H. M.; Thompson, C. E. Atomic absorption determination of illus., 1967. tellurium, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B123-B125, tables, 1968. 00617 Mullens, Thomas E. Preliminary geologic map of the Causey Dam quadrangle. Weber County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, sections, Nakagawa, H. M. See Thompson, C. E. 01009 text, 1967. 01701 Nash, J. T.; Kerr, P. F. Uranium deposits in the Jackoile Sandstone, New 01440 Mnllens, Thomas E.; Laraway, William H. Preliminary geologic map of the Mexico [abs.]: Mining Eng., v. 19, no. 12, p. 40, 1967; Econ. Geology, v. 63, no. Morgan 7 1/2' quadrangle, Morgan County, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file l.p. 88-89,1968. report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Needham, Joseph. See Smith, Peter J. 00182 01441 Mullens, Thomas E.; Cole, Thomas H. Preliminary geologic map of the Ogden 4 NE quadrangle, Morgan and Weber Counties, Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open- 00171 Neely, Braxtel L., Jr. Floods of 1963 in Mississippi: Mis-

01461 Neely, Braxtel, L., Jr. Tickfaw River at Starns Bridge near Magnolia, Louisiana 01621 Noble, Donald C. Optic angle determined conoscopically on the spindle stage Memorandum on streamflow data at State Highway 441 and 442: U.S. Geol. Survey Pt. 2, Selected rotation method: Am. Mineralogist, v. 53, no. 1, p. 278-282, 1968. open-file report, 7 p., 1968. Noble, Donald C. See Christiansen, Robert L. 01670 00442 Nelson, Arthnr E. Geologic map of the Utuado quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-480, scale 1:20,000, sections, text, 1967. 01796 Noble, Donald C. Kane Springs Wash volcanic center, Lincoln County, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 411, 1968. 00569 Nelson, Arthur E.; Tobish, Othmar T. The Matilde and Milagros Formations of Early Tertiary age in northwest Puerto Rico, in Changes in stratigraphic 01797 Noble, Donald C.; Haffty, Joseph. Gallium content of some silicic volcanic rocks nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254- [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 412, 1968. A, p. A19-A23, illus., 1967. 01849 Noble, Donald C.; Bath, Gordon D. Geologic implications of some recent studies 00990 Nelson, Arthur E. Intrusive rocks of north-central Puerto Rico, in Geological of iron in volcanic glass [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p 411-412, Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B16- 1968. B20, illus., tables, 1968. 01934 Noble, Donald C.; Sargent, K. A.; Mehnert, H. H.; Ekren, E. B.; Byers, F. M., 02050 Nelson, Arthur E.; Tobisch, Othmar T. Geologic map of the Bayaney quadrangle. Jr. Silent Canyon volcanic center, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open- Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-525, scale 1:20,000, section, file report, 20 p., illus., tables, 1968; abs., Geol. Soc. America Spec. Taper 101, text, 1968. p. 412-413, 1968. 00547 Noehre, A. W.; Walter, G. L. Floods in Berwyn quadrangle, northeastern Nelson, C. A. See McKee, E. H. 00060 Illinois: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-252, scale 1:24,000, text. 1967. 01066 Nelson, Willis H.; Pierce, William G. Wapiti Formation and Trout Peak 00709 Nordin, Carl F.; Richardson, Everett V. The use of stochastic models in studies Trachyandesite, northwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-H, p. Hl- of alluvial channel processes [with French abs.], Paper Bll in Internet. Assoc. H11, illus., table, 1968. Hydraulic Research, 12th Cong., 1967, Proc., V. 2: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado State Univ., p. 96-102, illus.; discussion and reply, ibid., V. 5, p. 256-260, P67. Nemickas, Bronius. See Vecchioli, John. 00546 01939 Nordin, Carl F., Jr. Statistical properties of dune profiles: U.S. Ge->l. Survey Neuerburg, George J. See Curtin, Gary C. 01828 open-file report, 137 p., illus., 1968. 00119 Nenman, Robert B. Some silicified Middle Ordovician brachiopods from 00173 Norris, S. E. Effects on ground-water quality and induced infiltration of wastes Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 583-A, p. A1-A14, illus., 1967. disposed into the Hocking River at Lancaster, Ohio: Ground Water, v. 5, no. 3, p. 15-19, illus., 1967. 00357 Neuman, Robert B. Bedrock geology of the Shin Pond and Stacyville quadrangles, Penobscot County, Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 524-1, p. 01501 Norris, Stanley E.; Fidler, Richard E. Hydrogeology of the Scioto River valley 11-139, illus., geol. maps, 1967. near Piketon, Ohio Logs of test holes and aquifer-test data: U.S. Ge->l. Survey open-file report, 79 p., 1967. Neuman, Robert B. See King, Philip B. 01136 01047 Northcutt, Penrod. Productivity measurement in the National Topographic 01247 Nenschel, Sherman K. Aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity surveys A short cut Program: Surveying and Mapping, v. 28, no. 1, p. 99-103, illus., 1968. to geologic mapping [abs.]: West Virginia Acad. Sci. Proc. 1967, v. 39, p. 348, 1967. Norton, S. A. See Chidester, A. H. 00333 Neuschel, Virginia S. See Clarke, James W. 02014 Norton, Stephen A. See Hatch, Norman L., Jr. 00473 Neuschel, Virginia S. See Clarke, James W. 02015 Novotny, R. F. See Tuttle, C. R. 00771 00755 Newcome, Roy, Jr. Test-well exploration for fresh aquifers on the Mississippi Nowlan, Gary A. See Post, Edwin V. 00560 gulf coast, in Mississippi Water Resources Conf. 1966, Proc.: State College, Miss., Water Resources Research Inst., Mississippi State Univ., p. 149-154, illus. [1966?]. 01534 Oakes, E. L. Geology and ground-water resources of the Grand Rapids area, north-central Minnesota: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 4 sheets, 19f 8. 01104 Newcome, Roy, Jr.; Shattles, D. E.; Humphreys, C. P., Jr. Water for the growing needs of Harrison County, Mississippi: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper Obradovich, John D. See Steven, Thomas A. 00373 1856, 106 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01798 Obradovich, John D.; Peterman, Zell E.; Mudge, Melville R. Rb-S- and K- 00944 Newman, William L.; Stansfield, Robert G.; Eilertsen, Nils A. Dimension stone, Ar ages of Precambrian belt rocks. Sun River area, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper America Spec. Paper 101, p. 413-414, 1968. 580, p. 191-206, illus., tables, 1968. Obradovich, John D. See Christiansen, Robert L. 02181 Newport, T. G. See Wiitala, S. W. 00073 Obradovich, John D. See Tilling, Robert I. 02240 Newton, Elisabeth G. See Ruane, Paul J. 01338 O'Connor, J. T. See Rogers, C. L. 00058 Newton, Elisabeth G. See Ruane, Paul J. 01339 01936 Offield, T. W. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site III-P-12: U.S. Newton, Elisabeth G. See Ruane, Paul J. 01340 Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:100,000, 1968. Newton, Elisabeth G. See Ruane, Paul J. 01341 Ogilbee, W. See Anderson, H. R. 00155 00172 Newton, J. G.; Powell, W. J.; Golden, H. G.; Avrett, J. R. Water availability, Okamura, R. See Shaw, H. R. 01075 Barbour County, Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Map 34, scale about 1 in. to 1 1/7 mi., text, 1966. O'Keefe.J. See Gault, D. 00669 Nichols, Thomas C., Jr. See Lee, Fitzhugh T. 01574 O'Keefe,J. A. See Gault, D. E. 00668 01512 Nichols, Thomas D., Jr.; Abel, John F., Jr.; Lee, Fitzhugh T. A solid inclusion Oldale, R. N. See Hartshorn, J. H. 00277 borehole probe to determine 3-dimensional stress changes at a point in a rock mass: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 34 p., illus., 1967. 01489 Oldale, R. N.; Koteff, Carl; Hartshorn, J. H. Geologic map cf Orleans quadrangle, Barnstable County, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open- Nichols, William D. See Vecchioli, John. 00546 file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 01093 Nichols, William D. Bedrock topography of eastern Morris and western Essex 00611 Oldale, Robert N. Geologic map of the Harwich quadrangle, Barnstab'e County, Counties, New Jersey: U.S. Qeol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-549, scale Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1:24,000, text, 1968. sections, text, 1968. Niles, M. S. See Lovering, T. G. 00017 01490 Oldale, Robert N. Geologic map of the Wellfleet quadrangle, Barnstabfe County, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,010, 1968. Noble, D. C. See Rogers, C. L. 01092 01944 Oliver, Howard W.; Mattick, Robert E. Geophysical investigations of the channel 00045 Noble, Donald C.; Krushensky, Richard D.; McKay, Edward J.; Ege, John R. gravel, in Tertiary gold-bearing channel gravel in northern Nevada County, Geologic map of the Dead Horse Flat quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. California: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 566, p. 11-22, illus., 1968. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-614, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. 00067 Oliver, William A., Jr.; deWitt, Wallace, Jr.; Dennison, John M.; Hoskins, Donald Noble, Donald C. See Colton, Roger B. 00443 M.; Huddle, John W. Devonian of the Appalachian Basin, United States [abs.], A294 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

in Internal. Symposium on the Devonian System, Calgary, Sept. 1967, Abs. Proc.: 00918 Oster, Eugene A. Patterns of runoff in the Willamette basin, Oregon: U.S. Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 113-114, 1967. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-274, scale 1:500,000, text, 1968. 00141 Oliver, William A., Jr. Review of "Geology of New York, a short account," 01696 Osterwald, F. W.; Dunrud, C. R. Geologic features contributing to coal mine by J. G. Broughton and others: Jour. Paleontology, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1304-1305, bumps at Sunnyside, Utah [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 154- 1967. 155, 1968.

00356 Oliver, William A., Jr. Stratigraphy of the Bois Blanc Formation in New York: 01294 Osterwald, Frank W. Some engineering geology problems at Mammoth Cave U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 584-A, p. A1-A8, illus., table, 1967. National Park, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 29 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00744 Oliver, William A., Jr. Succession of rugose coral assemblages in the Lower and Middle Devonian of eastern North America [abs.], in Internal. Symposium on Ostling, Earl J. See Thaden, Robert E. 00339 the Devonian System, Calgary, Sept. 1967, Abs. Proc.: Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 113, 1967. Ostling, Earl J. See Thaden, Robert E. 00340

01695 Olmsted, F. H. Tertiary rocks near Yuma, Arizona [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Otton, E. G. See Slaughter, Turbit H. 02206 Spec. Paper 101, p. 153-154, 1968. 00390 Ovenshine, A. Thomas. Provenance of recent glacial ice in lower Glacier Bay, southeastern, Alaska, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Olowu, J. A. I. See Miller, R. E. 01148 Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D198-D202, illus., 1967. 00320 Olsen, Harold W. Liquid movement through kaolinite under hydraulic, electrical, 00238 Overstreet, William C. The geologic occurrence of monazite: U.S. Geol. Survey and osmotic gradients [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 86, Prof. Paper 530, 327 p., illus., tables, 1967. 1966. 00717 Overstreet, William C. Mineral investigations between Kb amis Mushayt and Olson, A. B. See Kover, A. N. 01366 Bi'r Idimah, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 15 p., tables, 1968. 01065 Olson, J. C.; Hedlnnd, D. C.; Hnnsen, W. R. Tertiary volcanic stratigraphy in 00719 Overstreet, William C. Mineral exploration between Bi'r Idimah and Wadi the Powderhorn-Black Canyon region, Gunnison and Montrose Counties, Haraman, Asir quadrangle, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 70 Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1251-C, p. C1-C29, illus., table, geol. map, p., tables, 1968. 1968. 00720 Overstreet, William C. Preliminary results of a trip October 30-December 21, Olson, J. C. See Hedlund, D. C. 01885 1965. to the area between Sha'ya and Jabal Bani Bisqan, Sardi Arabia, together with a synopsis of mineral reconnaissance in the Asir quadrangle' U.S. Geol. Survey 01062 Oltman, Roy E. Reconnaissance investigations of the discharge and water quality open-file report, 48 p., tables, 1968. of the Amazon River: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 552, 16 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00721 Overstreet, Willinm C. Summary of results from a trip February 6-March 5, Oman, Charles L. See Ives, Patricia C. 00150 1966. to Bi'r Idimah, Jabal Ashirah, and As Sarat Mountains, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 47 p., illus., tables, 1968. Omang, R. J. See Boner, F. C. 02167 01 112 Overstreet, William C.; White, Amos M.; Whitlow, Jesse W.; Theobnld, Paul K., O'Neil, J. R. See Truesdell, A. H. 01190 Jr.; Dabney, W. Caldwell; Cuppels, Norman P. Fluvial monazite deposits in the southeastern United States, with a section on mineral analyses by Jerome Stone: O'Neil, James R. See Rye, Robert O. 01184 U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 568, 85 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00625 Orem, Hollis M. Discharge in the lower Columbia River basin, 1928 65: U.S. Owen, D. M. See Schlee, John S. 01815 Geol. Survey Circ. 550, 24 p., illus., tables, 1968. Owens, J. P. See Reed, J. C., Jr. 02176 Oriel, S. S. See McKee, E. D. 00230 01577 Owens, James P.; Minard, James P.; Sohl, Norman F. Cretaceous deltas in the 00849 Oriel, S. S. Base of the Permian system; divisions of the Permian system, in northern New Jersey Coastal Plain, Trip B in Guidebook to field excursions New Paleotectonic maps of the Permian System: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. York State Geol. Assoc., 40th Ann. Mtg., Flushing, N. Y., 1968: Brockport, N. Map 1-450, text, p. 26-33, illus., 1967. Y., State Univ. Coll., Dept. Geology, p. 33-48, illus., 1968. 01411 Oriel, S. S. Preliminary geologic map of Bancroft quadrangle, Caribou and 01747 Owens, James P. Quaternary geology of the Trenton, New Jersey, area [abs.]: Bannock Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:48,000, 1968. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 272-273, 1968. Oriel, Steven S. See McKee, Edwin D. 00329 01814 Owens, James P. Sedimentary sequences in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 446, 1968. 00765 Oriel, Steven S.; Myers, Donald A.; Crosby, Elennor J. West Texas Permian basin region. Chap. C in Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian System in the 00068 Page, Lincoln R. Devonian igneous rocks in New England [abs.], in Internal. United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 515, p. 7-60, illus., table, geol map, Symposium on the Devonian System, Calgary, Sept. 1967, Abs. Proc.: Calgary, 1967. Alberta, Alberta Soc. Pelroleum Geologisls, p. 116-117, 1967. Oriel, Steven S. See Rubey, William W. 01904 00275 Page, Lincoln R. The role of Ihe Uniled Slales Geological Survey in Massachusells, in Economic geology in Massachuselts Conf., Amherst, 1966, Oriel, Steven S. See Rubey, William W. 01905 Proc.: Amhersl, Mass., Graduale School, Univ. Massachuselts, p. 9-28, illus., 1967. Orkild, P. P. See Ekren, E. B. 01785 00146 Page, Norman J. Serpentinization considered as a conslant volume metasomalic process A discussion [of paper by T. P. Thayer, 1966]: Am. Mineralogist v. 52, Orkild, Paul P. See Christiansen, Robert L. 01670 nos. 3-4, p. 545-548, illus., 1967. Orkild, Paul P. See Byers, F. M., Jr. 01933 00382 Page, Norman J.; Jackson, Everett D. Preliminary report on sulfide and plalinum-group minerals in Ihe chromites of Ihe Slillwaler Complex, Monlana, in 01935 Orkild, Paul P.; Byers, F. M., Jr.; Hoover, D. L.; Sargent, K. A. Subsurface Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- geology of the Silent Canyon caldera, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey D, p. D123-D126, illus., 1967. open file report, 19 p., illus., 1968; abs., Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 414,1968. 00691 Page, Norman J. Serpenlinization at Burro Mountain, California: Contr. Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 321-342, illus., lables, 1967. 00102 Orth, Donald J. Dictionary of Alaska place names: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 567, 1084 p., illus., 1967. 00991 Page, Norman J. Serpentinization in a sheared serpentinite lens, Tiburon Peninsula, California, in Geological Survey research 1968, Cliap. B: U.S. Geol. Osberg, P. H. See Chidester, A. H. 00333 Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B21-B28, illus., 1968. Osberg, Philip H. See Hatch, Norman L., Jr. 00473 01439 Page, Normnn J. Preliminary geologic map of the Cassirri quadrangle of Ihe Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1966. Osberg, Philip H. See Hussey, Arthur M. 00672 01930 Page, Norman J. Preliminary geologic map of Eudoxus quad-angle of Ihe Moon: Osborne, Fred L., Jr. See Mount, J. Russell. 00169 U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:1,000,000, 1968. 01470 Oster, E. A.; Hampton, E. R. Water supply for Oregon Caves National Pakiser, L. C. See Hill, D. P. 00602 Monument, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 13 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01653 Pakiser, L. C. Geological and geophysical sludies of California-Nevada fault zones: United Stales-Japan Conf. on Research Related to Earthquake Prediction, 2d, Proc., p. 45-46, 1966. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A295

01654 Pakiser, L. C. Local earthquake studies: United States-Japan Conf. on Parks, H. B. See McCulloh, T. H. 00780 Research Related to Earthquake Prediction, 2d, Proc., p. 85-87, 1966. 01547 Parks, W. S. Geologic map of the Claybrook quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. 02166 Pakiser, L. C. A review of the outer 1,000 kilometers of the earth [abs.]: Am. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, and Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Sees., Ann. Mtg., Bakersfield, Calif., 1968, 01548 Parks, W. S. Geologic map of the Juno quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Program, p. 7-8, 1968. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967.

00732 Palacas, James G. Organic matter in bottom sediments, Choctawhatchee Bay, 01549 Parks, W. S. Geologic map of the Jackson South quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. Florida [abs.), in Symposium on the geological history of the Gulf of Mexico, Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Antillean-Caribbean region: Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans., v. 17, p. 482, 1967. 01550 Parks, W. S. Geologic map of the Medon quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Palmason, Gndmundur. See Friedman, Jules D. 01612 01551 Parks, W. S. Geologic map of the Beech Bluff quadrangle, Tennessee: U.S. Palmer, Allison R. See Stew art, John H. 00778 Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1967.

00872 Palmer, Allison R. Cambrian trilobites of east-central Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey 02222 Pashley, Fred E. Origin of the frontal fault of the Santa Catalina and Rincon Prof. Paper 559-B, p. B1-B115, illus., 1968. Mountains, Arizona [abs.]: Geol.-Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 58, 1968. 01049 Palmer, Allison R.; Stewart, John H. A paradoxidid trilobite from Nevada: Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 177-179, 1968. 01167 Patterson, James L. Storage requirements for Arkansas streams: Arkansas Geol. Comm. Water Resources Circ. 10, 35 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01799 Palmer, Allison R. Regional relationships in Cambrian of the Cordilleran region [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 414-415, 1968. Patterson, Sam H. See Sever, Charles W. 00680

Palmer, J. E. See Kehn, T. M. 00026 Patterson, Sam H. See Hosterman, John W. 00942

00446 Palmer, James E. Geologic map of the Saint Charles quadrangle, Hopkins and 00969 Patterson, Sam H.; Sweeney, John W. Aluminum Metal and raw materials, Christian Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-674, scale HI Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. 580, p. 364-372, illus., tables, 1968.

Pampeyan, E. H. See McCulloh, T. H. 00779 Patton, W. W., Jr. See Gates, George O. 01875

Pampeyan, E. H. See McCulloh, T. H. 00780 01150 Patton, William W., Jr.; Miller, Thomas P. Regional geologic map of tl e Selawik and southeastern Baird Mountains quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-530, scale 1:250,000, 1968. 00123 Pampeyan, Earl H.; Schroeder, Marvin L.; Schell, Elmer M.; Cressman, Earle R. Geologic map of the Driggs quadrangle, Bonneville and Teton Counties, Idaho, and Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Field Studies Map 02047 Patton, William W., Jr.; Miller, Thomas P.; Tailleur, Iirin L. Regional geologic MF-300, scale 1:31,680, sections, 1967. map of the Shungnak and southern part of the Ambler River quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-554, scale 1:250,000, 1968. 00361 Panghorn, Mark W., Jr. Recent developments in geoscience libraries: Geotimes, Paulson, Q. F. See Baker, Claud H., Jr. 00754 v 12, no. 9, p. 17-19, 1967. Panszek, F. H. See Ayer, G. R. 01039 01196 Pangborn, Mark W., Jr. (compiler). Buying list of geology books for high school libraries: Jour. Geol. Education, v. 16, no. 2, p. 65-68, revised 1968; originally Pavlides, Louis. See Hussey, Arthur M. 00672 published 1967. 01116 Payne, J. N. Hydrologic significance of the lithofacies of the Sparta Sand in 00462 Papadopulos, Istavros S. Nonsteady flow to a well in an infinite anisotropic Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Piper 569- aquifer: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 73, p. 21-31, 1967. A, p. A1-A17, illus., table, 1968. 00821 Papike. J. J.; Zoltai, Tibor. Ordering of tetrahedral aluminum in prehnite, Pearson, F. J. See Perlmutter, N. M. 01638 Ca2(Al,Fei)Si3 Alio(OH)2 : Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 7-8, p. 974-984, illus., tables, 1967. 00050 Pearson, Robert C. Geologic map of the Bodie Mountain quadrangle, Ferry and Okanogan Counties, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ- Papike, J. J. See Burnham, Charles W. 00840 636, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. Papike, J. J. See Ross, Malcolm. 00879 00741 Pearson, Robert C.; Hayes, Philip T.; Fillo, Paul V. Mineral resources of the Ventana primitive area, Monterey County, California: U.S. Geol. Su-vey Bull. Papike, J. J. See Clark, Joan R. 01174 1261-B, p. B1-B42, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Papike, J.J. See Ross, Malcolm. 01585 00535 Pease, Maurice H., Jr. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of the Edmunds Unit, Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Washington County, Papike, J. J. See Clark, Joan R. 01616 Maine: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-P, p. P1-P18, illus., table, 1968. Papike, J.J. See Clark, Joan R. 01671 01824 Pease, Maurice H., Jr. Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary stratigraphy of the Naranjito and Aguas Buenas quadrangles, and adjacent areas, Puerto Rico: U.S. Papike, J.J. See Coleman, R. G. 01672 Geol. Survey Bull. 1253, 57 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Papike, J.J. See Clark, Joan R. 01702 01952 Pease, Maurice H., Jr. Geologic map of the Aguas Buenas quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-479, scale 1:20,000, section, text, 01704 Papike, J. J.; Clark, Joan R. Cation distribution in the crystal structure of 1968. glaucophane II, the high-pressure polymorph [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 157, 1968. 02048 Pease, Maurice H., Jr. Geologic map of the Naranjito quadrangle, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-508, scale 1:20,000, sections, tex*. 1968. 02157 Papike, J. J.; Clark, J. R. Crystal-chemical role of potassium and aluminum in a hornblende of proposed mantle origin [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, 80th Ann. Peck, D. L. See Shaw, H. R. 01075 Mtg., New Orleans, La., Program, p. 171, 1967. Peck, Dallas L. See Decker, Robert W. 00387 02170 Papike, J. J.; Ross, Malcolm; Clark, J. R. Crystal-chemical and petrologic significance of the P2i/m amphibole analog of pigeonite [abs.]: Am. Geophys. 01029 Peck, Dallas L. Review of "Surtsey," by Sigurdur Thorarinsson: Geotimes, Union Trans., v. 49, p. 340-341, 1968. v. 13, no. 4, p. 38, 40, 1968. Parker, Dana C. See Gawarecki, Stephen J. 00774 Peck, Dallas L. See W right, Thomas L. 01557 01800 Parker, Garald G. Officer's Cave, eastern Oregon, revisited [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 01705 Peck, Dallas L.; W right, Thomas L. Experimental studies of molter basalt in America Spec. Paper 101, p. 415, 1968. situ A summary of physical and chemical measurement on recent lava lakes of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 158-159, 00977 Parker, Raymond L.; Hohbs, Robert G. Niobium (columbium) and tantalum, 1968. in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 425-426, illus., 1968. 00337 Peck, John H. Geologic map of the Tollesboro quadrangle, Lewis an-i Fleming Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-661, scak 1:24,000, Parker, Raymond L. See Shawe, Daniel R. 01064 section, text, 1967.

318-835 O - 68 - 20 A296 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01639 Peck, John H.; Weir, Gordon W. (leaders). Stops 1-6, itinerary, Saturday, May America, Cordilleran Sec., 64th Ann. Mtg., 1968: Tucson, Ariz., Arizona Geol. 18, 1968, in Geological aspects of the Maysville-Portsmouth region, southern Ohio Soc., p. 215-222, 1968. and northeastern Kentucky Ohio Geol. Soc.-Geol. Soc. Kentucky, Joint Field Conf. 1968: [Lexington, Ky.] Kentucky Geol. Survey, p. 46-62, illus., 1968. 01945 Peterson, Donald W.; Yeend, Warren E. Geology of the channel gravel, in Tertiary gold-bearing channel gravel in northern Nevada Courrty, California: U.S. Peckham, Richard C. See Mount, J. Russell. 00169 Geol. Survey Circ. 566, p. 1-11, illus., 1968.

00629 Pecora, W. T. "Carbonatites", edited by O. F. Tuttle and J. Gittins: Geotimes, 01958 Peterson, Donald W. A thick ash-flow sheet near Superior, Arizona [abs.]: v. 12, no. 10, p. 31-32, 1967. Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 59-60, 1968.

00674 Pecora, William T.; Rubin, Meyer. Absolute dating and the history of man, 01707 Petersop Fred; Bowers, W. E.; Waldrop, H. A.; Zeller, H. D. Stratigraphic in Time and stratigraphy in the evolution of man NAS-NRC, Div. Earth Sci., aspects of Upper Cretaceous coals, Kaiparowits coal field, south-central Utah [abs.]: Symposium, Washington, D. C., 1965: Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Research Council Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 162, 1968. Pub. 1469, p. 43-56, illus., table, 1967. Peterson, Fred. See Waldrop, H. A. 02025 02152i2 Pecora, William T. Surveying the earth's resources from space: Surveying and Mapping, v. 27, no. 4, p. 639-643, 1967. 02040 Peterson, Fred. Preliminary geologic map and coal depos'ts of the northwest quarter of the Gunsight Butte quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: Utah Geol. and 00174 Peirce, L. B. 7-day low flows and flow duration of Alabama streams: Alabama Mineralog. Survey Map 24-E, scale 1 in. to 1/2 mi., text, 1967. Geol. Survey Bull. 87, pt. A, 114 p., illus., tables, 1967. 02041 Peterson, Fred; Horton, G. W. Preliminary geologic map and coal deposits of 00472 Peper, John D. Stratigraphy and structure of the Monson area, Massachusetts the northeast quarter of the Gunsight Butte quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: Utah and Connecticut, Trip G in Guidebook for field trips in the Connecticut Valley Geol. and Mineralog. Survey Map 24-F, scale 1 in. to 1/2 mi., text, 1967. of Massachusetts New England Intercollegiate Geol. Conf., 59th Ann. Mtg., Amherst, Mass., 1967: [New Haven, Conn., Yale Univ., Dept. Geology] p. 105- 02042 Peterson, Fred; Waldrop, H. A. Preliminary geologic map of the southeast 113, illus., 1967. quarter of the Gunsight Butte quadrangle, Kane and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Coconino County, Arizona: Utah Geol. and Mineralog. Survey Map 24-G° scale 00534 Perdue, Charles L., Jr. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources 1 in. to 1/2 mi., 1967. of Passage Key, Island Bay, Cedar Keys, and Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuges, Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-O, p. O1-O13, illus., tables, 1968. 01866 Peterson, James A.; Kite, Robert. Pennsylvanian evaporite cycles and petroleum production, southern Rocky Mountains [abs.]: Am. Assoc. F-troleum Geologists 01638 Perlmntter, N. M.; Pearson, F. J.; Bennett, G. D. Deep-well injection of treated Bull., v. 52, no. 3, p. 544, 1968. waste water An experiment in re-use of ground-water in western Long Island, N.Y., Trip I in Guidebook to field excursions New York State Geol. Assoc., 40th Peterson, Norman V. See Walker, George W. 00121 Ann. Mtg., Flushing, N. Y., 1968: Brockport, N. Y., State Univ. Coll., Dept. Geology, p. 221-231, illus., table, 1968. 00043 Peterson, Warren L. Geologic map of the Lebanon Junction quadrangle, central Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-603, scale 1:24,000, section, Peselnick, Lonis. See Robertson, E. C. 01182 text, 1967. 01566 Peselnick, Lonis; Wilson, William H. Wave velocities and hysteresis in 01266 Petrafeso, F. A. (compiler). Aeromagnetic map of the Pal'Rade 1 and Palisade Solenhofen Limestone for pressures up to 12 kilobars: Jour. Geophys. Research, 2 quadrangles, Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file v. 73, no. 10, p. 3271-3280, 1968. report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. 00519 Peterman, Zell E.; Hedge, Carl E.; Coleman, Robert G.; Snavely, Parke D., Jr. 01267 Petrafeso, F. A. (compiler). Aeromagnetic map of the Robinson Mountain Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios in some eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks and their bearing on quadrangle, Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey op-m-file report, scale the origin of granitic magma in orogenic belts: Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, 1:62,500, 1967. v. 2, no. 5, p. 433-439, illus., tables, 1967. 01268 Petrafeso, F. A. (compiler). Aeromagnetic map of the Dixie Flats and Elko 01081 Peterman, Zell E.; Hedge, Carl E.; Braddock, William A. Age of Precambrian 2 quadrangles, Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale events in the northeastern Front Range, Colorado: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 1:62,500, 1967. 73, no. 6, p. 2277-2296, illus., tables, 1968. 00913 Petri, Lester R.; Larson, L. Rodney. Quality of water in selected lakes of eastern 01706 Peterman, Zell E.; Tonrtelot, Harry A. Sr-87:Sr-86 values in the Upper South Dakota: South Dakota Water Resources Comm. Rept. Inv. 1, 55 p. [1968?] Cretaceous Pierre Shale [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 161, 1968. Pettijohn, F. J. See James, H. L. 02045 Peterman, Zell E. See Hedge, Carl E. 01790 00074 Pettyjobn, Wayne A. Geahydrology of the Souris River valley in the vicinity Peterman, Zell E. See Obradovich, John D. 01798 of Minot, North Dakota: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Parer 1844, 53 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 00264 Petersen, Richard G. The U.S. Geological Survey's ground-water program in Massachusetts, in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, 00490 Pettyjohn, Wayne A. Dump ridges and collapsed sub-ice'channels in Ward Proc.: Amherst, Mass., Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 471-476, illus., County, North Dakota, in Glacial geology of the Missouri Coteau Midwest 1967. Friends of the Pleistocene, Field Conf. 1967, Guidebook: North Dakota Geol. Survey Misc. Ser. 30, p. 115-116, illus., 1967. Petersen, Richard G. See Shaw, Charles E., Jr. 00432 00495 Pettyjohn, Wayne A.; Rnndich, P. G. Hydrologic applications of lithofacies 00507 Petersen, Richard G.; Shaw, Charles E., Jr. Surfical geologic map of the Whitman clastic-ratio maps: South Dakota Acad. Sci. Proc. 1967, v. 46, p. 48-60, illus., quadrangle, Plymouth County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map tables, 1967. GO-632, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. 01117 Pettyjohn, Wayne A. Geology and ground water resources of Renville and Ward Peterson, D. L. See Kleinkopf, M. D. 02251 Counties Pt. 2, Ground water basic data: North Dakota G<;ol. Survey Bull. 50, pt. 2 (North Dakota Water Comm. County Ground Water Strdy 11), 302 p., illus., 01295 Peterson, Donald L.; Rambo, William L. Principal facts for gravity stations in tables, 1968. the Bearpaw Mountains and vicinity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 14 p., tables, 1967. 00113 Pewe, T. L.; Hopkins, D. M. Mammal remains of pre-Wisconsin age in Alaska, in The Bering Land Bridge (D. M. Hopkins, editor): Stanford, Calif., Stanford 01296 Peterson, Donald L.; Conradi, Arthur; Zohdy, Adel A. R. Principal facts for Univ. Press, p. 266-270, 1967. gravity stations in the Yuma, Arizona, and Blythe, California, areas: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 34 p., 1967. 00095 Pewe, Troy L.; Bnrhank, Lawrence; Mayo, Lawrence R. Multiple glaciation of the Yukon-Tanana upland, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I- 01471 Peterson, Donald L.; Rambo, William L. Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly 507, scale 1:500,000, text, 1967. map of the Bearpaw Mountains and vicinity, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, text, 1967. 01989 Pewe, Troy L. Loess deposits of Alaska [aT>s.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracls, p. 242-243, 1968. 00057 Peterson, Donald W. Geologic map of the Kilauea Crater quadrangle, Hawaii: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-667, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. 01020 Pfischner, F. L., Jr. Relalion belween land use and chenrcal characteristics of lakes in southwestern Orange Counly, Florida, in Geological Survey research 1968, 01073 Peterson, Donald W. [Road log, Apache Junction to Globe, Arizona] in Arizona Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B190-B194, illus., 1968. Geol. Soc., Southern Arizona Guidebook 3, Field Trip (first day) Geol. Soc. America, Cordilleran Sec., 64th Ann. Mtg., 1968: Tucson, Ariz., Arizona Geol. Philbin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01032 Soc., p. 246-250, 1968. Philbin, P.W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01033 01622 Peterson, Donald W. Zoned ash-flow sheet in the region around Superior, Arizona, in Arizona Geol. Soc., Southern Arizona Guidebook 3 Geol. Soc. Philbin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peler. 01034 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A297

Philbin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01035 01652 Plafker, George. Holocene (Recent) vertical displacements in coas'al south central Alaska A potential approach to prediction: United States-Jap-m Conf. Philbin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01036 on Research Related to Earthquake Prediction, 2d, Proc., p. 29-31, 1966.

Philhin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01037 01761 Plafker, George. Prequake recent vertical displacements in the zone affected by tectonic deformation during the 1964 Alaska earthquake [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Philhin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01608 America Spec. Paper 101, p. 327-328,1968. 01987 Plafker, George. Possible evidence for downward-directed mantle convection Philbin, P. W. See Popenoe, Peter. 01609 beneath the eastern end of the Aleutian Arc [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 32-33, 1968. Phillips, R. Lawrence. See Clifton, H. Edward. 00349 00710 Plate, Erich J. The effect of axial velocity fluclualions on the response of a Phinney, R. See Gault, D. 00669 helical flow meter [with French abs.]. Paper B33 in Internal. Assoc. Hydraulic Research, 12th Cong., 1967, Proc., V. 2: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado Stale Univ., Phinney, R. A. See Gault, D. E. 00668 p. 281-289, illus., lable; discussion, ibid., V. 5, p. 308-309, 1967. Pholphan, Narin. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286 Plebnch, R. O. See Lamonds, A. G. 01292 Pierce, A. P. See Cannon, R. S. 01129 Plouff, Donald. See Zielz, Isidore. 01494 01708 Pierce, Arthnr P.; Cannon, Ralph S., Jr. Metallogenetic eras and periodicity 01921 Pohn, H. A. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiler sile III-P-9: U.S. in earth history [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 164-165, 1968. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968. 01899 Pierce, Kenneth L. Evaluation of infrared imagery applications to studies of 01711 Poland, J. F. Land subsidence and compaclion, 1960-1965, in Ihe Saila Clara surficial geology Yellowstone Park: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 20 p., Valley, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 167, 1968. illus., 1968. 00018 Polzer, W. L.; Roberson, C. E. Calculalion of ion aclivily producls for a brine Pierce, Kenneth L. See Morris, Robert H. 02186 from Ihe Bonneville Sail Flals, Utah, in Geological Survey research 19i'7, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. Cl 16-C119, illus., tables, 1967. 02223 Pierce, Kenneth L. Evidence of north-flowing, pre-Pinedale glaciation, crest of the Washburn Range, Yellowstone National Park [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky 00263 Polzer, W. L. Geochemical conlrol of solubilily of aqueous silica, in Principles Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 59, 1968. and applications of waler chemislry Rudolfs Research Conf., 4lh, Rulgers Univ., Proc.: New York and London, John Wiley and Sons, p. 505-519, illus., 1967. 02224 Pierce, Walter H. Angular unconformity within Permo-Pennsylvanian strata near Howard, Colorado [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. 00465 Pomerene, Joel B.; Stewart, William E. Barile veins in the Oibi area cf Liberia: Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 59-60, 1968. Liberia Bur. Nat. Resources and Surveys Bull. 1, 23 p., illus., 1967. Pierce, William G. See Nelson, Willis H. 01066 01055 Pomeroy, J. S. Geologic map of the Frankfort East quadrangle, Franklin and Woodford Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-707, scale 01959 Pierce, William G. Tectonic denudation as exemplified by the Heart Mountain 1:24,000, section, texl, 1968. fault, Wyoming [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 95, 1968. Poole, F. G. See Shawe, D. R. 00107 Pierson, Charles T. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286 00745 Poole, F. G.; Baars, D. L.; Drewes, H.; Hayes, P. T.; Ketner, K. B; McKee, E. D.; Teichert, C.; Williams, J. S. Devonian of Ihe soulhweslern Uni'ed Slales Pike, G. M. See Maclay, R. W. 00752 [abs.], in Inlernal. Symposium on Ihe Devonian Syslem, Calgary, Sepl. P67, Abs. Proc.: Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 127, 1967. Pike, G. M. See Winter, T. C. 02193 Poole, F. G. See Barnes, Harley. 01778 02225 Pillmore, C. L. Probable deflation basins, east flank of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, northeastern New Mexico [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 01801 Poole, F. G. Lale Tertiary wind direclions, soulhern Nye County, Nevada [abs.]: 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 60, 1968. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 416, 1968. 01709 Pillmore, Charles L. Geologic relationships of coal deposits, western Raton Poole, Forrest G. See Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr. 01787 Basin, New Mexico [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 165-166, 1968. 01032 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map of the Palmer Pinckney, D. J. See Wershaw, R. L. 02173 quadrangle, Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-617, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 01710 Pinckney, D. M. Structural and chemical ore controls in the Cave-in-Rock district, Illinois [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 166, 1968. 01033 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic mrp of the Springfield North quadrangle, Hampden and Hampshire Counties, Massachuselts: 02226 Pinckney, Darrell M. Veins and altered wall rocks in the northern part of the U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-618, scale 1:24,000,1968. Boulder batholith, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 60-61, 1968. 01034 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map of tl - Ludlow quadrangle, Hampden and Hampshire Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Ge^l. Survey 01601 Pipiringos, G. N.; Bergman, S. C.; Trent, V. A. Geologic map of the Ezel Geophys. Inv. Map GP-619, scale 1:24,000,1968. quadrangle, Morgan and Menifee Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-721, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 01035 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map of Ihe Warren quadrangle, Worcester, Hampden, and Hampshire Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. 00302 Pipiringos, George N. Jurassic and Triassic of Wyoming and southern Rockies Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-620, scale 1:24,000, 1968. [abs.]: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 51, no. 9, p. 1904-1905, 1967. 01036 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map or the East 00551 Pipiringos, George N. Correlation and nomenclatures of some Triassic and Brookfield quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts: U.S. Gecl. Survey Jurassic rocks in south-central Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 594-D, Geophys. Inv. Map GP-621, scale 1:24,000, 1968. p. D1-D26, illus., table, 1968. 01037 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map of Ihe Mount 01217 Pitkin, James A. Geologic application of a mobile gamma-ray spectrometer Tom quadrangle and part of the Woronoco quadrangle, Hampden and Hampshire system [abs.]: Soc. Exploration Geophysicists, Ann. Mtg., Oct.-Nov. 1967. Counties, Massachusetls: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-622, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 01588 Pitkin, James A. Aeroradioaclivily measurements and their geologic interpretation [abs.]: Canadian Centennial Conf. Mining and Ground Water 01418 Popenoe, Peter. Complel Bouguer gravily anomaly map of the area north of Geophysics, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Oct. 1967, Program, p. 79-80, 1967. the Grand Canyon in Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:250,000, 1968. Pitt, A. M. See Eaton, J. P. 01753 01438 Popenoe, Peter. Principal facts for gravity stations in the area north of the Grand 00553 Plafker, George. Surface faults on Montague Island associated with the 1964 Canyon in Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 16 p., 1968. Alaska earthquake: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 543-G, p. G1-G42, illus., geol. maps, 1967. 01608 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map of the Worcester South quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusells: U.S. Geol. Survey Plafker, George. See Cluff, Lloyd S. 00892 Geophys. Inv. Map GP-623, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 01647 Plafker, George. Possible evidence for downward-directed mantle convection 01609 Popenoe, Peter; Philbin, P. W.; Gilbert, F. P. Aeromagnetic map of the Leicester beneath the eastern end of the Aleutian Arc [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans. quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. v. 48, no. I, p. 218, 1967. Map GP-624, scale 1:24,000, 1968. A298 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

00527 Post, Austin. Non-earthquake origin of superglacial debris on Martin River 01168 Radlinski, William A. Orthophoto maps vs. conventional maps: Canadian and Sioux Glaciers, Alaska [comments on paper by S. J. Tuthill, 1966]: Jour. Surveyor, v. 22, no. 1, p. 118-122, illus., 1968. Glaciology, v. 6, no. 48, p. 953-956, illus., 1967. 01630 Radlinski, William A. Orthophotomapping, in Conf. Commonwealth Survey 00573 Post, Austin. Walsh Glacier surge, 1966 observations: Jour. Glaciology, v. 6, Officers, Cambridge, England, 1967, Proceedings. no. 47, p. 763-765, illus., 1967. 01640 Radlinski, William A. Instruments and methods for surveying and mapping 00560 Post, Edwin V.; Lehmbeck, William L.; Dennen, William H.; Nowlan, Gary A. ACSM Natl. Rept. to F.I.G. Comm. V, 12th Internat. Conf. Surveyors, London, Map of southeastern Maine showing heavy metals in stream sediments: U.S. Geol. 1968: Surveying and Mapping, v. 28, no. 2, p. 247-258, 1968. Survey Mineral Inv. Field Studies Map MF-301, scale 1:250,000, text, 1967. Radtke, A. A. See Hewett, D. F. 00271 00748 Post, Edwin V. Geology of the Cascade Springs quadrangle, Fall River County, South Dakota: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1063-L, p. 443-504, illus., tables, geol. Radtke, A. S. See Roberts, R. J. 00835 map, 1967. 00380 Radtke, Arthnr S.; Taylor, Charles M.; Frost, John E. Bisiruth and tin minerals Powell.W.J. See Newton, J. G. 00172 in gold- and silver-bearing sulfide ores, Ohio mining district, Marysvale, Utah, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- Prapassornkul, Saner. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286 D, p. D127-D130, illus., tables, 1967. Pratt, Richard M. See Schlee, John S. 01816 Radtke, Arthur S. See Taylor, Charles M. 00620 00548 Pratt, Walden P. Geology of the Hurley West quadrangle, Grant County, New Ragan, Donal M. See Foster, Helen L. 01755 Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1241-E, p. E1-E91, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Rainnie, W. O. See Schlee, John S. 01815 01496 Pratt, Walden P. Infrared imagery of Lordsburg-Silver City area. New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 13 p., illus., 1968. 00311 Raisz, Erwin; Robinson, Peter; Farquhar, O. C. Geologic block diagram of part of Massachusetts, in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, 01297 Prescott, Glenn C., Jr. Lower Androscoggin River basin area Records of Proc.: Amherst, Mass., Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 46-47, illus., selected wells, springs, and test borings . . .: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report 1967. (Maine Basic-Data Rept. 3, Ground-Water Ser.), 63 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00676 Raleigh, C. B. Experimental deformation of ultramafic rocks and minerals, in Prewitt, C. T. See Burnham, Charles W. 00840 Ultramafic and related rocks (P. J. Wyllie, editor): New Yorl' and London, John Wiley and Sons, p. 191-199, illus., table, 1967. 00071 Price, Don. Geology and water resources in the French Prairie area, northern Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1833, 98 p., 00677 Raleigh, C. B. Plastic deformation of upper mantle silica'e minerals, in Non- illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. elastic processes in the mantle Internat. Upper Mantle Comm. Symposium, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1966, Proc.: Royal Astron. Soc. Geophys. Jour., v. 14, nos. 00214 Price, Don. Ground-water reconnaissance in the Burnt River valley area, 1-4, p. 45-49, illus., tables, 1967. Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-1, p. 11-127, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 00678 Raleigh, C. B. Tectonic implications of serpentinite weakening, in Non-elastic processes in the mantle Internat. Upper Mantle Comm. Synposium, Newcastle- 00506 Price, Don. Ground water in the Eola-Amith Hills area, northern Willamette upon-Tyne, 1966, Proc.: Royal Astron. Soc. Geophys. Jour., v. 14, nos. 1-4, p. Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1847, 66 p., illus., tables, 113-118, illus., 1967. 1967. 02202 Raleigh, C. B.; Talbot, J. L. Mechanical twinning in natural''' and experimentally Price, Don. See Baker, C. H., Jr. 00809 deformed diopside: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 265, no. 2, p. 151-165, 1957. Pride, R. W. See Kenner, W. E. 00808 02228 Rambo, W. L.; Blank, H. R., Jr. Gravity survey of the Island Park caldera and vicinity, eastern Idaho [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. 01026 Prill, Robert C.; Meyer, Walter R. Neutron moisture measurements by Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 63, 1968. continuous- and point-logging procedures, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B226-B230, illus., 1968. Rambo, William L. See Peterson, Donald L. 01295 00090 Prinz, William C. Geology and ore deposits of the Philipsburg district, Granite Rambo, William L. See Peterson, Donald L. 01471 County, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1237, 66 p., illus., tables, geol. maps, 1967. Randich, P. G. See Pettyjohn, Wayne A. 00495 01145 Prostka, Harold J.; Seiders, Victor M. Geologic map of the Leatherwood 01076 Randich, P. G. Ground-water levels in North Dakota, 1966: North Dakota quadrangle, southeastern Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ- Water Comm. North Dakota Ground-Water Studies 74, 117 p., illus., tables, 1968. 723, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 01960 Rankin, D. W. Magmatic activity and orogeny in the Blue Ridge province of 02227 Prostka, Harold J. Facies of Eocene volcanics in northeastern Yellowstone the southern Appalachian Mountain system in northwestern North Carolina, USA National Park and their relations to eruptive centers [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America [abs.]: Internat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 61- Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 62-63, 1968. 62, 1968. 00175 Prych, Edmund A.; Hubbell, David W.; Glenn, Jerry L. New estuarine 01086 Rankin, Donglas W. Guide to the geology of the Mt. Rogers area, Virginia, measurement equipment and techniques: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, North Carolina, and Tennessee Carolina Geol. Soc., Field Trip, 1967, Guidebook: paper 5219, Jour. Waterways and Harbors Div., no. WW 2, p. 41-58, illus., 1967. Raleigh, N. C., North Carolina Div. Mineral Resources, 48 p., illus., 1967. Qninlivan, W. D. See Carr, W. J. 01781 00301 Rantz, S. E.; Thompson, T. H. Surface-water hydrology of California coastal basins between San Francisco Bay and Eel River: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Quinlivan, W. D. See Byers, F. M., Jr. 01933 Paper 1851, 60 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00244 Quinn, Alonzo W. Bedrock geology of the Chepachet quadrangle, Providence 00406 Rautz, S. E. Mean annual precipitation-runoff relations in north coastal County, Rhode Island. U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1241-G, p. G1-G26, illus., tables, California, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. geol. map, 1967. Paper 575-D, p. D281-D283, illus., table, 1967. 00274 Quinn, Alonzo W. Deposits of the "mineral belt" of western Massachusetts, Rapaport, Imng J. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00606 in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, Proc.: Amherst, Mass., Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 162-168, illus., 1967. 01524 Rapp, D. H. Floods on Johns and Craig Creeks in Craig County, Virginia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 12 p., illus., 1968. 00331 Radbruch, Dorothy H. Approximate location of fault traces and historic surface ruptures within the Hayward fault zone between San Pablo and Warm Springs, Rapp,J. R. See Miller, G. A. 01541 California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-522, scale 1:62,500, text, 1967. Raspet, R. See Robertson, E. C. 01182 01725 Radbruch, Dorothy H. New evidence of historic fault activity in Alameda, Contra 00707 Rathbnn, R. E.; Guy, H. P. Effect of non-equilibriurr flow conditions on Costa, and Santa Clara Counties, California, in Proceedings of conference on sediment transport and bed roughness in a laboratory alluvial channel [with French geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. abs.]. Paper A23 in Internat. Assoc. Hydraulic Research, 12th Cong., 1967, Proc., Sci., v. 11, p. 46-54, 1968. V. 1: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado State Univ., p. 187-193, illus.; discussion, ibid., V. 5, p. 77-79, 1967. 01988 Radbrnch, Dorothy H. Engineering geology in urban planning and construction in the United States [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968. Abstracts, p. 318, 1968. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A299

Rathbun, Roaald E. See Guy, Harold P. 00791 01386 Regan, R. D. Preliminary geophysical report on selected geologic test sites: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Tech. Letter Astrogeology 29), 21 p., illus., 00006 Ranp, Omer B.; Gude, Arthur J., 3d; Groves, H. Leon, Jr. Rare-earth mineral 1967. occurrence in marine evaporites, Paradox basin, Utah, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C38-C41, illus., 1967. 01437 Regan, Robert D.; Herskovits, Janet L. Development of computer programs for analysis of lunar geophysical survey data: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Ranp, Omer B. See Thaden, Robert E. 00341 24 p., 1967.

Ranp, Omer B. See Thaden, Robert E. 00342 00648 Reiher, Barbara S.; Hnzzen, Carl S. Some comments on the effective sample size of second order Markov processes [with French abs.]: Internat. Assoc. Sci. Ranp, Robert B. See Hayes, Philip T. 00816 Hydrology Bull., v. 12, no. 4, p. 63-74, illus., tables, 1967.

Rannla, Srinivasreddy. See Warren, D. H. 01897 Reimer, Alien. See Ruane, Paul J. 01 338

00360 Rawson, Jack; Reddy, D. R.; Smith, R. E. Low-flow studies, Sabine and Old Reimer, Alien. See Ruane, Paul J. 01339 Rivers near Orange, Texas Quantity and quality, April 12, October 31-November 4, 1966: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 66, 23 p., illus., tables, 1967. Reimer, Alien. See Ruane, Paul J. 01340

Rawson, Jack. See Johnson, S. L. 00799 Reimer, Alien. See Ruane, Paul J. 01341

Ray, H. A. See Harmsen, Lynn. 01321 Reiser, H. N. See Tailleur, I. L. 00186

00393 Ray, Louis L. An interpretation of profiles of weathering of the Peorian Loess Reanilson, J. J. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00695 of western Kentucky, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D221-D227, illus., tables, 1967. Reanilson, J. J. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00828

Rayner, Frank A. See Mount, J. Russell. 00169 01985 Rennilspn, J. J.; Holt, H. E.; Morris, E. C. In situ measuremen's of the photometric properties of an area on the lunar surface: Optical Soc. America Jour., Read, C. B. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00605 v. 58, no. 6, p. 747-755, 1968.

Read, C. B. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00606 00104 Repenning, Charles A. Subfamilies and genera of the Soricidae: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 565, 74 p., iltus., 1967. 00655 Read, Charles B.; Wanek, A. A. Excerpts from: Stratigraphy of outcropping Permian rocks in parts of northeastern Arizona, and adjacent areas, in Guidebook 00114 Repenning, Charles A. Palearctic-Nearctic mammalian dispersal ir the late of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and New Mexico New Mexico Geol. Cenozoic, In The Bering Land Bridge (D. M. Hopkins, editor): Stanfo-d, Calif., Soc., 18th Field Conf. 1967: Socorro, N. Mex., New Mexico Bur. Mines and Stanford Univ. Press, p. 288-311, tables, 1967. Mineral Resources, p. 122-124, table, 1967. 01649 Repenning, Charles A. Mandibular musculature and the origin of the Subfamily 00824 Read, Charles B.; Smith, Clay T.; Fitzsimmons, J. Paul; Werts, L. L. Second Arvicolinae (Rodentis): Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, v. 13, no. 3, p. 29-72, illus., day road log from Gallup ... to Thoreau and return via Smith Lake, Mariano 1968. Lake, and Pinedale, in Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and New Mexico New Mexico Geol. Soc., 18th Field Conf. 1967: 'Socorro, N. Rettig, S. L. See Truesdell, A. H. 01190 Mex., New Mexico Bur. Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 97-118, illus., 1967. Rettig, Shirley L. See Jones, Blair F. 00905 Read, Charles B. See Beaumont, Edward C. 00834 00370 Reynolds, Mitchell W. Physical evidence for Late Cretaceous unconformity, 02043 Reddea, J. A. Geology of the Berne quadrangle. Black Hills, South Dakota: south-central Wyoming, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 297-F, p. 343-408, illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D24-D28, illus., 1967. Reddy, D. R. See Rawson, Jack. 00360 01072 Reynolds, Mitchell W. Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geologic history of the Lost Soldier area, south-central Wyoming [abs.]: Wyoming Geol. Assoc. Ne*vs-Letter, Redfield, A. C. See Friedman, Irving. 01650 v. 15, no. 4, p. 6, 1968.

Rred, Avery H., Jr. See Schreck, Albert E. 00927 01474 Reynolds, Mitchell W. Preliminary geologic map of some Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks and Quaternary deposits, Bairoil quadrangle, Carbon and 01102 Reed, Brace L.; Elliott, Raymond L. Lead, zinc, and silver deposits at Bowser Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale Creek, McGrath A-2 quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 559, 17 p., illus., 1:24,000, 1968. tables, 1968. 01475 Reynolds, Mitchell W. Geologic map of the Muddy Gap quadrangle. Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 sheets, scale 1:24,000, Reed, Brnce L. See Detterman, Robert L. 01480 sections, 1968. Reed, BruceL. See Elliott, Raymond L. 01931 01476 Reynolds, Mitchell W. Geologic map of the Whiskey Peak quadrangle, Carbon, Fremont, and Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 01946 Reed, Brnce L.; Elliott, Raymond L. Geochemical anomalies and metalliferous 3 sheets, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1968. deposits between Windy Fork and Post River, southern Alaska Range: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 569, 22 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01477 Reynolds, Mitchell W. Preliminary geologic map of the Lamont quadrangle, Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 02176 Reed, J. C., Jr.; Owens, J. P.; Stockard, H. P. Interpretation of basement rocks 1:24,000, 1968. beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain from reconnaissance aeromagnetic data [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, 80th Ann. Mtg., New Orleans, La., Program, p. 182, 1967. 02229 Reynolds, Mitchell W.; Harrison, Jack E. Stratigraphy and correlation of part of the Belt Series, Mission Mountains, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Reed, John C. See Reed, John C., Jr. 00487 Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 64-65, tabh, 1968. 00025 Reed, John C., Jr. Observations on the Teton Glacier, Grand Teton National 00063 Rice, Charles L. Geologic map of the Prestonsburg quadrangle, Floyd and Park, Wyoming, 1965 and 1966, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: Johnson Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-641, scale U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C154-C159, illus., tables, 1967. 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. 00487 Reed, John C., Jr.; Reed, John C. Gold deposits near Great Falls, Maryland: 00864 Rice, Charles L. Geologic map of the Redbush quadrangle, eastern Kentucky: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 57, no. 8, p. 213-223, 1967. U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-708, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968. 01233 Reed, John C., Jr.; Bryant, Brnce; Myers, W. B. The Brevard zone in the 01059 Rice, Charles L. Geologic map of the McDowell quadrangle, Floyd and Pike Grandfather Mountain area. North Carolina A re-interpretation [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-732, scale 1:24,000, America, Southeastern Sec., Ann. Mtg., Durham, N. C., Apr. 1968, Program, p. section, text, 1968. 63-64, 1968. 00814 Richardson, Donald; Bingham, J. W.; Madisou, R. J. Water resources of King 01414 Reed, John C., Jr. Tectonic map of the central and southern Appalachians: County, Washington, with a section on Sediment in streams, by R. C. Williams: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:2,500,000, 1968. U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1852, 74 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. Reed, John C., Jr. See Love, J. D. 01560 00730 Richardson, E. V.; Sayre, W. W. Macroturbulence and stochastic processes in hydraulics^General report [with French summ.], in Internat. Assoc. Hydraulic 00176 Reeves, Richard D. Ground-water resources of Kendall County, Texas: Texas Research, 12th Cong., 1967, Proc., V. 5: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado Slate Univ., Water Devel. Board Rept. 60, 100 p., illus., tables, 1967. p. 207-222, 1967. A300 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Richardsoa, Everett V. See Watts, Frederick J. 00296 01182 Robertson, E. C.; Raspet, R.; Peselnick, Lonis. Experimental wave velocities in rock lo 30 kb [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 322, 1968. 00706 Richardson, Everett V.; Simons, Daryl B. Resistance to flow in sand channels [with French abs.], Paper A18 in Internal. Assoc. Hydraulic Research, 12th Cong., 00769 Robie, Richard A.; Bethke, Philip M.; Beardsley, Keith M. Selected X-ray 1967, Proc., V. 1: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado State Univ., p. 141-150, illus.; cryslallographic dala, molar volumes, and densilies of minerals and related discussion and reply, ibid., V. 5, p. 63-68, 86-87, 1967. subslances: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1248, 87 p., lables, 1967.

Richardson, Everett V. See Nordin, Carl F. 00709 00384 Robinove, C. J.; Skibitzke, H. E. An airborne multispectral television system, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Sur'ey Prof. Paper 575- 00738 Richardson, Everett V.; McQuivey, Raul S. Measurement of turbulence in water: D, p. D143-D146, illus., 1967. Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 94, paper 5855, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY2, p. 411-430, illus., tables, 1968. 00293 Robiaove, Charles J. Remote-sensing potential in basic data acquisition: Water Resources Bull., v. 3, no. 3, p. 32-46, illus., lable, 1967. Richardson, Everett V. See Guy, Harold P. 00791 Robinsoa, B. P. See Fishman, M. J. 00906 Richardson, Everett V. See Kilpatrick, Frederick A. 00910 01435 Robinson, B. P.; Thordarson, William; Beetem, W. A. Hyd-ologic and chemical Richardson, Everett V. See Chang, Feng-Ming. 01090 data for wells, springs, and slreams in cenlral Nevada, Tps. 1-21 N. and RS. 41- 57 E.: U.S. Geol. Survey Repl. TEI-871 (open-file reporl), 61 p., illus., lables, 02230 Richmond, Gerald M. Stagnation of the Pinedale icecap in the Yellowstone Lake 1967. basin, Wyoming [abs.]: Geol. Sg. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 65, 1968. Robinson, C. S. See Scott, J. H. 00885

02231 Richmond, Gerald M. Late Pinedale and Neoglacial glaciation in the Absaroka Robinson, Chnrles S. See Carroll, Roderick D. 01000 Range, east of Yeljowstone Lake, Wyoming [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 65-66, 1968. Robinson, Charles S. See Lee, Filzhugh T. 01444

Richter, Donald H. See Cobb, Edward H. 01355 01623 Robinson, Charles S.; Lee, Fitzhngh T. Results of geologic research, Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore, Colorado: Highway Research Rec. 18? p. 9-19, 1967. 01883 Richter, Donald H. Geology and lode gold deposits of the Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 52 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00378 Robinson, Edwin S. Use of fan fillers in computer analysis of magnetic-anomaly Irends, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Richter, R. C. See Johnson, A. I. 00484 Paper 575-D, p. Dl 13-D119, illus., 1967.

Ridlon, James B. See Scholl, David W. 00693 Robinson, Florence M. See Collins, Florence R. 01274 01218 Rigby, J. F.; Schopf, J. M. Stratigraphic implications of Antarctic paleobotanical studies, in Internal. Symposium Straligraphy and Paleontology of Ihe Gondwana, Robinson, G. B., Jr. See Carpenter, C. H. 00072 1st, Mar del Plata, Ocl. 1967, Resumenes de Irabajos presenlados a las sesiones: Buenos Aires, Asoc. Geol. Argenlina, p. 15, 1967. Robinson, G. B., Jr. See Bjorklund, L. J. 00549 00923 Riggs, H. C. Frequency curves, chapler A2 of book 4 Hydrologic analysis Robinson, Peter. See Raisz, Erwin. 00311 and interpretation: U.S. Geol. Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations. Book 4, chap. A2, 15 p., illus., 1968. 00177 Robinson, T. W.; Waananen, A. O. Progress reporl of evapotranspiration and soil-moislure sludies for Ihe Humboldl River Research Project in 1966, in Humboldt 01137 Riggs, H. C. Some slalislical lools in hydrology, Chapler Al of Book 4 River Research Project, 8th Prog. Repl.: Carson City, Nev., Nevada Dept. Conserv. Hydrologic analysis and inlerprelalion: U.S. Geol. Survey Techniques of Waler- and Nal. Resources, p. 9-19, illus., lables, 1967. Resources Investigations, Book 4, Chap. Al, 39 p., illus., 1968. 01525 Robison, J. H. Esimaled existing and potential ground-water storage in major 01712 Riley, F. S.; Lofgren, Ben E. Mechanics of a compacling aquifer system near drainage basins in Oregon, 1968: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 21 p., illus., Pixley, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 178, 1968. 1968. Riley, L. B. See Huffman, Claude, Jr. 00105 01107 Rodis, Harry G.; Hassan, Abdnlla; Wahadan, Lnfti. Ground-water geology of Kordofan Province, Sudan: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1757-J, p. Jl- Riley, Leonard B. See Haffty, Joseph. 01620 J48, illus., lables, 1968. Rima, D. R. See Herrick, S. M. 01770 00200 Roedder, Edwin. Fluid inclusions as samples of ore fluids, [Chap.] 12 in Geochemislry of hydrothermal ore deposits (H. L. Barnes, editor): New York, Holt, Rinehart, C. Dean. See Huber, N. King. 00077 Rinehart and Winston, p. 515-574, illus., lables, 1967. 01436 Rionx, Robert L.; Hite, Robert J.; Dyni, John R.; Gere, Willard C. Preliminary 00518 Roedder, Edwin; Heyl, Alien V.; Creel, John P. Environment of ore deposilion slruclure seclions A-A' and B-B' of the Upper Valley quadrangle, Caribou Counly, al Ihe Mex-Tex deposils, Hansonburg district, New Mexico; from studies of fluid Idaho: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file reporl, 1 sheel, 1966. inclusions [abs.]: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. 6, p. 874, 1967. 00038 Ritter, John R. Bed-material movemenl, Middle Fork Eel River, California, 00652 Roedder, Edwin; Coombs, D. S. Immiscibility in granilic melts, indicated by in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- fluid inclusions in ejected granitic blocks from Ascension Island: Jour. Petrology, C, p. C219-C221, illus., lable, 1967. v. 8, no. 3, p. 417-451, illus., lables, 1967. 01726 Rpbbins, Stephen L. Gravily and magnetic dala over Ihe Calaveras, Hayward, 01124 Roedder, Edwin. Environmenl of deposilion of slraliform (Mississippi Valley- and Silver Creek faults near San Jose, California [abs.], in Proceedings of conference lype) ore deposils, from sludies of fluid inclusions, in Genesis of slratiform lead- on geologic problems of Ihe San Andreas faull system: Slanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. zinc-barile-fluorile deposils (Mississippi Valley lype deposils) A symposium. New Sci., v. 11, p. 216, 1968. York, 1966: Econ. Geology Mon. 3, p. 349-361, illus., lable, 19'7. Robeck, R. C. See Hawley, C. C. 01063 01183 Roedder, Edwin; Skinner, Brian J. Experimental evidence lhal fluid inclusions do nol leak [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 357-358, 1968. Roberson, C. E. See Polzer, W. L. 00018 01578 Roedder, Edwin. Temperature and salinity of the ore-fo-ming fluids at Pine Roberson, C. E. See Hem, J. D. 00070 Poinl, Northwest Territories, Canada, from fluid inclusion sludies [abs.]: Canadian Mineralogisl, v. 9, pi. 2, p. 304-305, 1967. Roberts, Albert E. See Maughan, Edwin K. 00103 01713 Roedder, Edwin. Significance and limitations of fluid inclusion thermometry Roberts, Albert E. See McMannis, William J. 01966 [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 180, 1968. 02232 Roberts, Albert E. Cretaceous and lower Tertiary stratigraphy and geologic 01961 Roedder, Edwin. Environment of deposition of Ihe disse-ninaled lead ores al hislory of Ihe Livingslon area, southeastern Monlana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Laisvall, Sweden, as indicated by fluid inclusions [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., Rocky Mln. Sec., 21sl Ann. Mlg., Bozeman, Monl., 1968, Program, p. 66-67, 1968. 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 210, 1968. 00835 Roberts, R. J.; Ketner, K. B.; Radtke, A. S. Geological environmenl of gold 02175 Roedder, Edwin. The noncolloidal origin of "colloform" textures in sphalerite deposils in Nevada [abs.]: Insl. Mining and Metallurgy Trans., v. 76, Sec. B, Bull. ores [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Northeastern Seclion, 3d Am. Mlg., Washington, 732, p. B228-B229, 1967. D.C., Program, p. 6, 1968. 00425 Roberts, Rnlph J.; Montgomery, Kathleen M.; Lehner, Robert E. Geology and 02039 Roen, John B.; Kent, Bion H.; Schweinfurth, Stanley P. Geologic map of the mineral resources of Eureka Counly, Nevada: Nevada Bur. Mines Bull. 64, 152 Monongahela quadrangle, southwestern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. p., illus., tables, 1967. Quad. Map GQ-743, scale 1:24,000, section, texl, 1968. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A301

00058 Rogers, C. L.; Anderson, R. E.; Ekren, E. B.; O'Connor, J. T. Geologic map 02203 Ross, Malcolm. Characlerizalion of cryslalline solulions by Fourier transform of the Quartzite Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey methods [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, p. 231, 1967. Geol. Quad. Map GQ-672, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. 00137 Ross, Reuben J., Jr. Review of "Trilobites of the Ordovician Table Head 01092 Rogers, C. L.; Ekren, E. B.; Noble, D. C.; Weir, J. E. Geologic map of the Formation, weslern Newfoundland," by Harry B. Whillinglon: Quart. Rev. northern half of the Black Mountain quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Biology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 54-55, 1967. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-545, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 00241 Ross, Reuben James, Jr. Calymenid and other Ordovician trilob'tes from Rogers, C. L. See Ekren, E. B. 01785 Kenlucky and Ohio: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 583-B, p. B1-B18, illus., 1967.

Rogers, S. M. See Harder, A. H. 00285 00418 Ross, Reuben James, Jr. Anomalograptus from Ihe Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Jour. Paleonlology, v. 41, nos. 5, p. 1276-1278, illus., 1967. 00866 Rohrer, Willis L. Geologic map of the Fish Lake quadrangle, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-724, scale 1:24,000, section, 01840 Ross, Reuben James, Jr. Revisions of Middle Ordovician stages in Nevada [abs.]: text, 1968. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 183, 1968.

Roller, J. C. See Borcherdt, C. A. 01485 00558 Rostvedt, J. O. (and others). Summary of floods in the United States during 1962: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1820, 134 p., illus., lables, 19)8. Roller, J. C. See Eaton, J. P. 02178 01937 Rowan, L. C. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site II-P-8: U.S. Rose, Harry J. See Skinner, Brian J. 00152 Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968.

00622 Rose, Harry J., Jr. Review of "Methods of X-ray spectroscopic research," by 01973 Rowan, L. C. Geology from lunar orbiter photographs [abs.]: Internal. Geol. M. S. Blokhin: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 11-12, p. 1912,1967. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 352, 1968.

Rose, Harry J., Jr. See Desborough, George A. 00987 Rowan, Lawrence C. See Trask, Newell J. 00795

01584 Rose, Harry J., Jr.; Cuttitta, Frank. X-ray fluorescence analysis of individual Rowe, Jack J. See Fournier, Robert O. 01680 rare earth in complex minerals [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 337, 1968. 01731 Rowe, Jack J. Cryslallizalion of Ihe Gnome mell The system NaCl-K2 SO4- MgSO4-CaSO4 [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 184, 1968. Rose, Harry J., Jr. See Mrose, Mary E. 01694 02204 Rowland, John B. Almospheric refraclion on long-line vertical angles; Preprint for Am. Cong. Surveying and Mapping, 28lh Ann. Mlg., Washington, D. C., 1968, Roseboom, Engene H. See Takeda, Hiroshi. 00841 p. 314-320, illus., 1968. 01106 Rosenshein, J. S.; Gonthier, Joseph B.; Alien, William B. Hydrologic 01338 Ruane, Panl J.; Woo, C. C.; Gardner, Louis S.; Newton, Elisabeth G : Reimer, characteristics and sustained yield of principal ground-water units, Potowomut- Alien; Zarza, Ray. Geology, soil, and climate al specific points throuihout the Wickford area, Rhode Island: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1775, 38 world V. 1, North America, Lalin America, Africa, and Australia: U.S. Geol. p., illus., tables, 1968. Survey Rept. TEI-867 (open-file report), 128 p., illus., 1967. 01162 Rosenshein, J. S.; Hunn, J. D. Geohydrology and ground-water potential of 01339 Ruane, Paul J.; Woo, C. C.; Gardner, Louis S.; Newton, Elisabeth G ; Reimer, Porter and La Porte Counties, Indiana: Indiana Div. Water Bull. 32, 22 p., illus., Alien; Zarza, Ray. Geology, soil, and climate at specific points throuthout Ihe 1968. world V. 2, Europe, USSR, and Southwest Asia: U.S. Geol. Survey Rept. TEI- 867 (open-file report), 132 p., illus., 1967. 01163 Rosenshein, J. S.; Hunn, J. D. Geohydrology and ground-water potential of Lake County, Indiana: Indiana Div. Water Bull. 31, 36 p., 1968. 01340 Ruane, Panl J.; Woo, C. C.; Gardner, Louis S.; Newton, Elisabeth G : Reimer, Alien; Zarza, Ray. Geology, soil, and climate al specific poinls Ihroughout the Rosholt, J. N. See Somayajulu, B. L. K. 00184 world V. 3, Southern and soulheastern Asia: U.S. Geol. Survey Rept. TEI-867 (open-file report), 163 p., illus., 1967. 02171 Rosholt, J. N., Jr. Open system model for uranium-series dating of Pleistocene samples, in Radioactive dating and methods of low-level counting Symposium 01341 Ruane, Panl J.; Woo, C. C.; Gardner, Louis S.; Newton, Elisabeth G,: Reimer, Proc.: Vienna, Austria, Internal. Atomic Energy Agency, p. 299-311, 1967. Alien; Zarza, Ray. Geology, soil, and climate al specific poinls Ihroughout the world V. 4, China, Korea, and Japan: U.S. Geol. Survey Rept. TEI-S*? (open- 01839 Rosholt, John N.; Tatsumoto, M.; Knight, R. J. Isotopic composition of uranium file report), 176 p., illus., 1967. and thorium in Hawaiian basalts [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 181-182, table, 1968. 00082 Rubey, William W. Inlroduclion, in Chemical composilion of sedimenlary rocks in Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and 00012 Ross, David A. Heavy-mineral assemblages in the nearshore surface sediments Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 561, p. 1-7, illus., 1967. of the Gulf of Maine, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C77-C80, illus., tables, 1967. 01904 Rnbey, William W.; Oriel, Steven S.; Tracey, Joshna I., Jr. Preliminary geologic map of Kemmerer quadrangle, Lincoln County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open- 00257 Ross, Donald C. (compiler). Generalized geologic map of the Inyo Mountains file report, scale 1:48,000, 1968. region, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-506, scale 1:125,000, 1967. 01905 Rubey, William W.; Tracey, Joshua I., Jr.; Oriel, Steven S. Preliminary geologic map of Sage quadrangle, Lincoln County, Wyoming: U S. Geol. Sur'ey open- 00261 Ross, Donald C. Geologic map of the Waucoba Wash quadrangle, Inyo County, file report, scale 1:48,000, 1968. California: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-612, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. Rubin, Meyer. See Ives, Patricia C. 00150 01376 Ross, Donald C. Map showing recently active breaks along the San Andreas Rnbin, Meyer. See Hanshaw, Bruce B. 00460 and related faults between Tejon Pass and Cajon Pass, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Rnbin, Meyer. See Pecora, William T. 00674 00692 Ross, Malcolm. Fourier transform analysis [Pt.] 1, X-ray diffraction effects Rubin, Meyer. See Emery, K. O. 01571 by finite montmorillonite and mica crystals [abs.], in Clays and clay minerals Clay Minerals Conf., 15th, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1966, Proc.: London and New York, Rubright, R. D. See Stacey, J. S. 00807 Pergamon Press (Internal. Ser. Mons. Earth Sci., V. 27), p. 47, 1967. Rucker, S. J. See McGreevy, L. J. 01325 00879 Ross, Malcolm; Papike, J. J.; Weiblen, Paul W. Exsolulion in clinoamphiboles: Science, v. 159, no. 3819, p. 1099-1102, illus., lable, 1968. Rniz, Lorgio. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 01585 Ross, Malcolm; Papike, J. J. Exsolulion and recrystallization textures in 00633 Ruppel, Edward T. Late Cenozoic drainage reversal, east-central Haho, and clinoamphiboles as indicalors of subsolidus Ihermal hislories [abs.]: Am. Geophys. its relation to possible undiscovered placer deposits: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 340, 1968. 5, p. 648-663, illus., lables, 1967. 01624 Ross, Malcolm. X-ray diffraclion effecls by non-ideal crystals of biotile, 02233 Ruppel, Edward T. Crowfool Ridge and Three Rivers Peak reference seclions, muscovile, monlmorillonite, mixed-layer clays, graphite, and periclase: Zeilschr. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mln. Sec., Krislallographie, v. 126, p. 80-97, 1968. 21sl Ann. Mlg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 68-69, table, 1968. 01625 Ross, Malcolm. Systematic description and identification of mica polytypes 02234 Rnppel, Edward T. Structure in pre-Tertiary rocks, northern Yellowslone [abs.]: Am. Mineralogisl, v. 51, nos. 1-2. p. 270-271, 1968. Nalional Park, Wyoming, and some regional implications [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. Ross, Malcolm. See Papike, J. J. 02170 69-70, 1968. A302 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

00556 Rush, F. Eugene. Water-resources appraisal of Washoe Valley, Nevada: Nevada Sargent, K. A. See Christiansen, Robert L. 01670 Dept. Conserv. and Nat. Resources, Water Resources Reconn. Ser. Rept. 41, 39 p., illus., tables, 1967. Sargent, K. A. See Noble, Donald C. 01934

01859 Rush, F. Eugene; Glancy, Patrick A. Water-resources appraisal of the Warm Sargent, K. A. See Orkild, Paul P. 01935 Springs-Lemmon Valley area, Washoe County, Nevada: Nevada Dept. Conserv. and Nat. Resources Water Resources-Reconn. Ser. Rept. 43, 70 p., illus., tables, 00179 Saslaw, William C.; Wildey, Robert L. On the chemistry of Jupiter's upper 1967. atmosphere: Icarus, v. 7, no. 1, p. 85-93, 1967.

Rusnak, G. A. See Yerkes, R. F. 00014 01185 Sass, J. H.; Lachenbruch, Arthur H.; Greene, Gordon W.; Moses, Thomas H., 02183 Rnsnak, Gene A. High-efficiency subbottom profiling, in Geological Survey Jr.; Mnnroe, Robert J. Progress report on heat-flow measurements in the western research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C81-C91, illus., United States [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 325-326, 1968. 1967. 01586 Sass, J. H.; Mnnroe, Robert J.; Lachenbrnch, Arthur H. Measurement of the 01184 Rye, Robert O.; O'Neil, James R. The O18 content of water in primary fluid geothermal flux through poorly consolidated sediments [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union inclusions from Providencia, north-central Mexico [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 324-325, 1968. Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 357, 1968. 01219 Snto, Motoaki. Determination of oxygen fugacity in igneous rocks [abs.]: 00111 Sainsbury, C. L. Quaternary geology of western Seward Peninsula, Alaska, in Internal. Union Geodesy and Geophysics, Gen. Assembly, 14th, Swilzerland, Sepl.- The Bering Land Bridge (D. M. Hopkins, editor): Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Ocl. 1967, Abs. Papers, V. 9, CPG-14, 1967. Press, p. 121-143, illus., tables, 1967. 01732 Sato, Motoaki. Eleclrochemical melhod of geolhermomelr' for ore and gangue 00980 Sainsbnry, C. L.; Sweeney, John W. Tin, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian minerals [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 189-190, 1968. region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 435-436, illus., 1968. 00007 Sato, Yoshiaki; Denson, N. M. Volcanism and leclonism as reflecled by Ihe 01943 Sainsbury, C. L.; Kachadoorian, Reuben; Smith, Thomas R.; Todd, William C. dislribulion of nonopaque heavy minerals in some Tertiary rocks of Wyoming and Cassiterite in gold placers at Humboldt Creek, Serpentine-Kougarok area, Seward adjacenl slales, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 565, 7 p., illus., table, 1968. Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C42-C54, illus., lable, 1967. Sainsbnry, C. L. See Cobb, Edward H. 02188 01857 Sauer, V. B. Unil hydrographs for soulheaslern Louisiana and soulhweslern Mississippi: Louisiana Depl. Public Works Tech. Repl. 2b, 51 p., illus., lables, 02194 Sainsbnry, C. L.; Hamilton, John C.; Huffman, Claude, Jr. Geochemical cycle 1967. of selected trace elements in the tin-tungsten-beryllium district, western Seward Peninsula, Alaska A reconnaissance study: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1242-F, p. Saunders, R. S. See Mulch, T. A. 02195 F1-F42, illus., tables, 1967. Sayre, W. W. See Richardson, E. V. 00730 02209 Sainsbnry, C. L. Upper Pleistocene features in the Bering Strait area, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 02172 Sayre, W. W. Dispersion mass in open-channel flow: Colorado Slale Univ. D, p. D203-D213, illus., table, 1967. Hydraulics Paper, no. 3, 73 p., 1968. 00705 Sammel, E. A. Water resources of the Parker and Rowley River basins, 00708 Snyre, William W.; Conover, W. Jay. General Iwo-dimensional slochastic model Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydro!. Inv. Atlas HA-247, scale 1:24,000, for the Iransport and dispersion of bed-malerial sedimenl particles [wilh French separate text, 1967. abs.]. Paper BIO in Inlernal. Assoc. Hydraulic Research, 12lh Cong., 1967, Proc., V. 2: Forl Collins, Colo., Colorado Slale Univ., p. 88-95, illus.; discussion and 01559 Sandberg, C. A.; Mapel, W. J. Devonian of the northern Rocky Mountains reply, ibid., V. 5, p. 246-248, 255-256, 1967. and Plains, in Internal. Symposium on the Devonian System, Calgary, Alberta, 1967, V. 1: Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum Geologists, p. 843-877, 1968. Sayre, William W. See Kilpalrick, Frederick A. 00910 00020 Sandberg, Charles A.; Mapel, William J.; Huddle, John W. Age and regional Scarbro, George F., Jr. See Skougslad, Marvin W. 01048 significance of basal part of Milligen Formation, Lost River Range, Idaho, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 01434 Schaber, G. G. Preliminary geologic map of Ihe Sinus Hdum quadrangle of C, p. C127-C131, illus., 1967. Ihe Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1966. 00350 Sandberg, Charles A.; Klapper, Gilbert. Stratigraphy, age, and paleotectonic Schaber, G. G. See Ulrich, G. E. 01806 significance of the Cottonwood Canyon Member of the Madison Limestone in Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1251-B, p. B1-B70, illus., tables, 01298 Schaber, Gerald G. Radar images, San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona A 1967. preliminary evalualion: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (NASA 84), 10 p., illus., 1967. 00424 Sandberg, Charles A. Measured sections of Devonian rocks in northern Wyoming: Wyoming Geol. Survey Bull. 52, 93 p., illus., 1967. 01098 Schafer, J. P. Surficial geologic map of the Ashaway quadrangle, Conneclicul- Rhode Island: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-712, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 00572 Sandberg, Charles A. Exshaw Formation of Devonian and Mississippian age in northwestern Montana, in Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. 01626 Schaller, W. T.; Carron, M. K.; Fleischer, Michael. The ephseile-margarite series Geological Survey, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-A, p. A39-A41, illus., 1967. and relaled brillle micas: Am. Mineralogist v. 52, nos. 11-12, r 1689-1696, 1967. Sandberg, charles A. See Macqueen, Roger W. 02220 Schaller, Waldemar T. See Vlisidis, Angelina C. 00423 02235 Sandberg, Charles A. Conodont-rich lag deposits A tool for dating Late 00409 Scheidegger, A. E. A Ihermodynamic analogy for meander syslems: Water Devonian and Early Mississippian structural movements and oil migration in the Resources Research, v. 3, no. 4, p. 1041-1046, illus., 1967. northern Rocky Mountains [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 71, 1968. 00649 Scheidegger, A. E. A complete Ihermodynamic analogy for landscape evolulion: Inlernal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Bull., v. 12, no. 4, p. 57-62, illu^, 1967. Sanderson, R. B. See Johnson, P. W. 01134 Schell, Elmer M. See Pampeyan, Earl H. 00123 Sanderson, R. B. See Harris, D. D. 01870 00756 Scher, Marvin B. New development in orlhopholograph;', in Uniled Nalions 00371 Sando, William J. Mississippian depositional provinces in the northern Regional Cartographic Conf. for Asia and Ihe Far Easl, 4th, Manila, 1964 V. 2, Cordilleran region, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Proc. and Tech. Papers: New York, Uniled Nalions, p. 383-386, illus., 1966; Rev. Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D29-D38, illus., 1967. Carlografica, v. 15, no. 15, p. 345-353, illus., 1966. 00464 Sando, William J. A technique for studying early ontogeny in solitary rugose 01186 Schilling, Jean-Guy; Kranse, Dale C.; Moore, James C. Geological, geochemical, corals: Jour. Paleontology, p. 41, no. 5, p. 1291-1293, 1967. and magnelic sludies of Ihe Reykjanes Ridge near 60°H [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 201-202, 1968. 01164 Sanford, Thomas H., Jr. Ground water in Marshall County, Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Bull. 85, 66 p., 1966. Schlee, John. See Gibson, Thomas G. 00657 Santos, E. S. See Mobley, C. M. 01381 00878 Schlee, John; Webster, Jacqneline. A compuler program for grain-size dala: Sedimentology, v. 8, no. 1, p. 45-53, illus., lables, 1967. Santos, Elmer S. See Thaden, Robert E. 00340 Schlee, John S. See Halhaway, John C. 01811 Santos, Elmer S. See Thaden, Robert E. 00341 01815 Schlee, John S.; Rainnie, W. O.; McCamis, M. J.; Wilson, V. P.; Owen, D. M. 00178 Sappington, Walter L. An improved portable surveying tower: Surveying and Geological observations from DSRV ALVIN [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Mapping, v. 27, no. 3, p. 465-468, illus., 1967. Paper 101, p. 452-453, 1968. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A303

01816 Schlee, John S.; Pratt, Richard M. Glacial history of the Gulf of Maine [abs.]: 02154 Schopf, Thomas J. M.; Manheim, Frank T. Elemental and anv'no acid Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 453, 1968. composition of some recent Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 193-194, 1968. Schleicher, D. L. See M'Gonigle, J. W. 01452 00927 Schreck, Albert E.; Reed, Avery H., Jr. Current mineral economy, in Mineral 01592 Schlocker, J. Petrology and mineralogy of salt and cap rock at Tatum Dome, resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 16- Lamar County, Mississippi [abs.], in Saline deposits Internal. Conf. Saline 22, tables, 1968. Deposits, Houston, Tex., 1962, Symposium: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 539, 1968. 00928 Schreck, Albert E.; Johnson, Edward E.; Fnllenbaum, Richard. Relationship of mining to other economic sectors, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: Schlocker, Jnlins. See Mullineaux, Donal R. 00782 U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 22-25, tables, 1968.

00419 Schmidt, Dwight L.; Ford, A. B. Pensacola Mountains geologic project: 00619 Schroeder, E. E. Flood stages and discharges for small streams in Texas Interim Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 2, no. 5, p. 179, 1967. Rept. 85-2: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 197 p., illus., tables, 1967.

00517 Schmidt, Dwight L.; Williams, Panl L. Continental glaciation of late Paleozoic Schroeder, Marvin L. See Pampeyan, Earl H. 00123 age in the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica [abs.], in Resumenes de trabajos presentados a las sesiones Internal. Symposium Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Schroeder, Marvin L. See Albee, Howard F. 00367 the Gondwana, 1st, Mar del Plata, Oct. 1967: Buenos Aires, Assoc. Geol. Argentinas, p. 25, 1967. 01593 Schroeder, Marvin L. Lower Triassic foraminifera from the Thaynes Formation in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming: Micropaleontology, v. 14, no. 1, p. 00886 Schmidt, Dwight L. Gondwana and drift symposia held in South America: 73-82, illus., 1968. Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 3, no. 1, p. 15-17, 1968. 00914 Schnmm, S. A. Meander wavelength of alluvial rivers: Science, v. 157, no. 00100 Schmitt, H. H.; Trask, N. J.; Shoemaker, E. M. Geologic map of the Copernicus 3796, p. 1540-1550, 1967. quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-515(LAC- 58), text, 1967. 00062 Schweinfnrth, Stanley P. Geologic map of the California quadrangle, Washington and Fayette Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Schmoll, Henry R. See Dobrovolny, Ernest. 01996 Map GQ-648, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967.

01488 Schnabel, R. W. Chemical analyses of selected samples of diabase and basalt Schweinfurth, Stanley P. See Roen, John B. 02039 from Connecticut: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 4 sheets, 1968. 01462 Schwob, Harlan H. Flood of June 7, 1967, in the Wapsinonoc Cre^k basin, 007 11 Schneider, Robert. Geologic and hydrologic factors related to artificial recharge Iowa: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 21 p., illus., 1968. of the carbonate-rock aquifer system of central Israel [with French abs.], in Artificial recharge and management of aquifers Symposium of Haifa, 1967: Internal. Assoc. 00180 Scott, Cloyd H.; Cnlbertson, James K. Flow measurements with fl lorescent Sci. Hydrology Pub. 72, p. 37-45, illus., 1967. tracers Discussion [of paper 4895 by J. A. Replogle, L. E. Meyers, and K. J. Brust, 1966]: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v.,93, Jour. Hydraulics Div., m. HY 3, 01733 Schneider, Robert. Interpretalion of the geothermal field associated with the p. 211-216, 1967. carbonate-rock aquifer system of Florida [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 193-194, 1968. 01872 Scott, J. C.; Golden, H. G.; Avrett, J. R. Water availability in Geneva County, Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey Map 55, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., text, tables Schneider, William J. See Stuart, Wilbur T. 00504 [1968].

02153 Schneider, William J. Color photographs for water resources studies: 00885 Scott, J. H,; Lee, F. T.; Carroll, R. D.; Robinson, C. S. The relationship of Photogramm. Eng., v. 34, no. 3, p. 257-262, 1968. geophysical measurements to engineering and construction parameter? in the Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore, Colorado: Internal. Jour. Rock Mechanics and Schnepfe, Marian. See Truesdell, A. H. 01305 Mining Sci., v. 5, no. I, p. 1-30, illus., table, 1968.

Schnepfe, Marian M. See Grimaldi, F. S. 00023 Scott, James G. See Carroll, Roderick D. 01000

Schnepfe. Marian M. See Grimaldi, F. S. 01002 01085 Scott, James H.; Carroll, Roderick D. Surface and underground geophysical studies at the Straight Creek Tunnel site, Colorado: Highway Research Rec., no. Schoellhamer, J. E. See McCulloh, T. H. 00779 185, p. 20-35, illus., 1967.

Schoellhamer, J. E. See McCulloh, T. H. 00780 02205 Scott, James H.; Carroll, Roderick D.; Cunningham, David R. Dielectric constant and electrical conductivity measurements of moist rocks A new laboratory method: Schoen, Robert. See Ehrlich, Carry G. 00016 Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 20, p. 5101-5115, illus., tables, 1967. 01762 Scott, Kevin M. Boulder transport by a flood surge on the Rubicon River, Sierra 01802 Schoen, Robert; White, Donald E. Rock alterations in a hot-spring system, Nevada, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 332, 196s*. Steamboat Springs, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 418, 1968. 01299 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 1. Simpson Test Well No. 1, and Simpson Core Tests Nos. 02236 Schoen, Robert. Rate of sulfuric acid formation in Yellowstone Park [abs.]: 13 and 14: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 p., 1967. Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 72, 1968. 01481 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 7, Topogorak Test Well No. 1 (Supp. Set): U.S. Geol. Survey Schoewe, Walter H. See Bayne, Charles K. 00733 open-file report, 1 p., 1968. 01858 Schoff, Stuart L. Hidrogeologia e pesquisa hidrogeologica no nordeste 01513 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Brasileiro: Soc. Intercambia Cultural e Estudos Geol., no. 5, p. 121-150, illus., Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 2, Kaolak Test Well No. 1: U.S. Geol. Survey open-frle report, tables, 1967. 2 p., 1967. 00693 Scholl, David W.; VpnHuene, Roland; Ridlon, James B. Spreading of the ocean 01514 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum floor Undeformed sediment in the Peru-Chile Trench: Science, v. 159, no. 3817, Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 3, East Oumalik Test well No. 1: U.S. Geol. Survey open- p. 869-871, illus., 1968. file report, 2 p., 1967. 00819 Scholl, David W.; Stuiver, Minze. Recent submergence of southern Florida 01515 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum Reply [to discussion of 1967 paper by W. G. Smith and J. M. Coleman]: Geol. Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 4, North Simpson Test Well No. 1: U.S. Geol. Sur'ey open- Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 9, p. 1195-1198, 1967. file report, 2 p., 1968. 01482 Scholl, David W.; Hopkins, David M. Bering Sea shelf seismic records, 1967 01516 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum (R/V THOMPSON): U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 33 sheets, 1968. Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 5, Oumalik Test Well No. 1: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 p., 1968. Schopf,J.M. See Rigby, J. F. 01218 01517 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum 00679 Schopf, James M. Antarctic fossil plant collecting during the 1966-67 season: Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 6, South Barrow Test Well No. 3: U.S. Geol. Survey open- Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 2, no. 4, p. 114-116, illus., 1967. file report, 1 p., 1968. 00389 Schopf, Thomas J. M. Bottom-water temperatures on the continental shelf off 01903 Scott, Richard A. Availability of palynological material from Naval Petroleum New England, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Reserve No. 4 [Pt.] 8, Gubik Test Well No. 2 (supplemental set): U.S. Geol. Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D192-DI97, illus., table, 1967. Survey open-file report, 1 p., 1968. A304 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

0173S Seaber, Paul R.; Hollyday, Este F. Statistical analysis of regional aquifers [abs.]: 01064 Shawe, Daniel R.; Parker, Raymond L. Mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion at Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 196-197, 1968. Iron Mountain, Fremont County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Sur'ey Bull. 1251-A, p. A1-A29, illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. 00716 Seabnrn, Gerald E.; Laushey, Lonis M. Velocities of culvert jets for incipient erosion [with French abs.], Paper Cl in Internal. Assoc. Hydraulic Research, 12th 00054 Shawe, Fred R. Geologic map of the Elkton quadraigle, Todd County, Cong., 1967, Proc., V. 3: Fort Collins, Colo., Colorado State Univ., p. 1-8, illus., Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-650, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. text, 1967.

01052 Seeland, David A. Geologic map of the Cobb quadrangle, Trigg and Caldwell 00323 Shejdon, R. P.; Manghan, E. K.; Cressman, E. R. Environment of Wyoming Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-710, scale 1:24,000, and adjacent states Interval B (plate 11), in Paleotectonic naps of the Permian section, text, 1968. System: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-450, text p. 48-54, 1967.

Segerstrom, Kenneth. See Bowes, W. A. 01990 00585 Sheldon, R. P.; Maughan, E. K.; Cressman, E. R. Sedimentation of rocks of Leonard (Permian) age in Wyoming and adjacent states, in Anatomy of the western Seiders, Victor M. See Prostka, Harold J. 01145 phosphate field Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, p. 1-13 illus., 1967. 01187 Senftle, F. E.; Thorpe, A. N.; Gilchrist, J. Infrared analysis of water in tektites, impactites, and artifical glasses [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 243, 1968. Sheldon, R. P. See McKelvey, V. E. 00587 00702 Senftle, Frank E.; Tanner, Allan B. Mobile X-ray fluorescence detector for 00767 Sheldon, Richard P.; Cressman, Earle R.; Cheney, Thomas M,; McKelvey, Vincent mineral exploration, in Symposium on low-energy X- and gamma sources and E. Middle Rocky Mountains and northeastern Great Basin, Chap. H in applications, 2d, Austin, Tex., Mar. 1967, Proc.: U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. Rept. Paleotectonic investigations of the Permian System in the United States: U.S. Geol. ORNL-IIC-10, v. 1, p. 503-521, 1967. Survey Prof. Paper 515, p. 153-170, illus., table, 1967. 00680 Sever, Charles W.; Cathcart, James B.; Patterson, Sam H. South Georgia 00812 Sheldon, Richard P. World tectonic distribution of economic sedimentary Minerals Program Project Rept. 7, Phosphate deposits of south-central Georgia phosphate deposits [abs.], in Anatomy of the western phosphate field and north-central peninsular Florida: Atlanta, Ga., Georgia Dept. Mines, Mining Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, 15th Ann. Field Conf. 1967: Salt Lake City, Utah, and Geology, 62 p., illus., tables, 1967. Intermountain Assoc. Geologists, p. 97, 1967. 00731 Shacklette, Hansford T.; Cnthbert, Margaret E. Iodine content of plant groups 01360 Sheldon, Richard P. Discovery of phosphate rock in Saudi Arabia and as influenced by variation in rock and soil type, in Relation of geology and trace recommended program of further study: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Saudi elements to nutrition: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 90, p. 31-46, tables, 1967. Arabia Inv. (IR) SA-22), 9 p., 1967. 00694 Shepard, Anna O.; Starkey, Harry C. The effects of exchanged cations on the Shacklette, Hansford T. See Cannon, Helen L. 01823 thermal behaviour of heulandite and clinoptilolite, in I.M.A. Volume Internal. Shaefer,F. L. See Moody, D. W. 00612 Mineralog. Assoc., 4th Gen. Mtg., New Delhi, 1964, Papers ard Proc.: New Delhi, India, Mineralog. Soc. India, p. 153-158, tables, 1966 [1967]. 01861 Shafer, George H. Ground-water resources of Nueces and San Patricio Counties, Texas: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 73, 129 p., illus., tables, 1968. Sheppard, R. A. See Eugster, H. P. 02159 Shaffer, F. Bntler. See Souders, Vernon L. 00789 00008 Sheppard, Richard A. Petrology of a late Quaternary po'assium-rich andesite flow from Mount Adams, Washington, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. 00794 Shatter, F. Butler; Brann, Kenneth J. Flood of August 1966 in the lower Loup C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C55-C59, illus., table, 1967. River basin, Nebraska: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-188, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. Sheppard, Richard A. See Gude, Arthur J., 3d. 00823

Shambnrger, Victor M., Jr. See Mount, J. Russell. 00169 01300 Sheppard, Richard A. Measured sections of the Barstow Formation, Mud Hills, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 29 p., illus., 00395 Shapiro, Leonard. A simple and rapid indirect determination of fluorine in 1967. minerals and rocks, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D233-D235, tables, 1967. 01803 Sheppard, Richard A.; Gnde, Arthur J., 3d. Authigenic silicate minerals in tuffs of Pleistocene Lake Tecopa, Inyo County, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America 01008 Shapiro, Leonard; Massoni, C. J. Automatic sample changer for atomic Spec. Paper 101, p. 419-420, 1968. absorption spectrophotometry, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B126-B129, illus., 1968. Sheppard, Richard A. See Mudge, Melville R. 02221

01727 Sharp, Robert V. The San Andreas fault system and contrasting pre-San Andreas 00118 Sheridan, Douglas M.; Maxwell, Charles H.; Albee, Ard°n L. Geology and structures in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California [abs.], in Proceedings uranium deposits of the Ralston Buttes district, Jefferson County, Colorado, with of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford descriptions of Paleozoic and younger sedimentary rocks, by Richard Van Horn: Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 292, 1968. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 520, 121 p., illus., tables, geol. imps, 1967. 00846 Sharp, William N.; Gnaltieri, James L. Lead, copper, molybdenum, and zinc geochemical anomalies south of the Summitville district, Rio Grande County, Sheridan, Donglas M. See Wrucke, Chester T. 00995 Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 557, 7 p., illus., 1968. 01830 Sheridan, Douglas M.; Taylor, Richard B.; Marsh, Shermar P. Rutile and topaz 00545 Shattles, D. E.; Callahan, J. A.; Broussard, W. L. Water use and development in Precambrian gneiss, Jefferson and Clear Creek Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. in Jackson County, Mississippi, 1964-67: Mississippi Board Water Commissioners Survey Circ. 567, 7 p., illus., tables, 1968. Bull. 67-3, 23 p., illus., tables, 1967. Shirley, L. E. See Lesure, F. G. 00962 Shattles, D. E. See Newcome, Roy, Jr. 01104 Shoemaker, E. M. See Schmitt, H. H. 00100 01535 Shaw, C. E., Jr. Surficial geologic map of the Shrewsbury quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1 map, 1968. Shoemaker, E. M. See Gault, D. E. 00668 00432 Shaw, Charles E., Jr.; Petersen, Richard G. Surficial geologic map of the Hanover Shoemaker, E. M. See Gault, D. 00669 quadrangle, Plymouth County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-633, scale 1:24,000, text, 1967. 00695 Shoemaker, E. M.; Batson, R. M.; Holt, H. E.; Morris, E. C.; Rennilson, J. J.;Whitaker, E. A. Surveyor V Television pictures: Science, v. 158, no. 3801, Shaw, Charles E., Jr. See Petersen, Richard G. 00507 p. 642-652, illus., 1967. 01075 Shaw, H. R.; Wright, T. L.; Peck, D. L.; Okamnra, R. The viscosity of basaltic 00828 Shoemaker, E. M.; Batson, R. M.; Holt, H. E.; Morris, E. C.; Rennilson, J. magma An analysis of field measurements in Makaopuhi lava lake, Hawaii: Am. J.; Whitaker, E. A. Television observations from Surveyor III, in Surveyor III Jour. Sci., v. 266, no. 4, p. 225-264, illus., tables, 1968. mission report Pt. 2, Scientific results: California Inst. Technology Jet Propulsion Lab. Tech. Rept. 32-1177 [v. 2], p. 9-67, illus., 1967. 00453 Shaw, Herbert R. Hydrogen osmosis in hydrothermal experiments, in Researches in geochemistry, V. 2 (Philip H. Abelson, editor): New York, John Wiley and 00761 Shoemaker, Engene M. Eastern Navajo Reservation area, in Evolution of the Sons, p. 521-541, illus., 1967. Colorado River in Arizona An hypothesis developed at the Symposium on Cenozoic Geology of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona, August 1964: Mus. Northern 01188 Shaw, Herbert R. Rheology of basalt in the melting range [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Arizona Bull. 44, p. 27-28, illus., 1967. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 317, 1968. 01228 Shoemaker, Eugene M.; Elston, Donald P. Structure and history of the salt 00107 Shawe, D. R.; Poole, F. G.; Brobst, D. A. Bedded barite in East Northumberland anticline of the Paradox Basin, Colorado and Utah [abs], in Saline deposits Canyon, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 555, 8 p., illus., tables, Internal. Conf. Saline Deposits, Houslon, Tex., 1962, Syirnosium: Geol. Soc. 1967. America Spec. Paper 88, p. 415-416, 1968. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A305

01977 Shoemaker, Eugene M.; M'Gonigle, John W. Geological results from the first Skibitzke, Herbert E. See Woullet, Geraldine M. 00314 landing of American astronauts on the Moon [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 354,1968. Skibitzke, Herbert E. See Leopold, Luna B. 00555

Shomaker, John. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00605 01078 Skibitzke, Herbert E. New horizons in hydrologic studies, in Water, geology and the future Conf. [Indiana University, 1964]: Bloomington, Ind., Indiana Shomaker, John. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00606 Univ., Water Resources Research Center, p. 109-113, 1967.

00696 Shomaker, John. The Mount Taylor volcanic field A digest of the literature, 00152 Skinner, Brian J.; White, Donald E.; Rose, Harry J.; Mays, Robert E. Sulfides in Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor region, Arizona and New Mexico New associated with the Salton Sea geothermal brine: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. 3, p. Mexico Geol. Soc., 18th Field Conf. 1967: Socorro, N. Mex., New Mexico Bur. 316-330, tables, 1967. Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 195-201, illus., 1967. Skinner, Brian J. See Barton, Paul B. 00203 01940 Shomaker, John W. Site study for a water well. Fort Wingate Army Ordnance Depot, McKinley County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 28 00621 Skinner, Brian J. Cocinerite discredited: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 7-8, p., illus., 1968. p. 1214-1216, illus., 1967.

00240 Shride, A. F. Younger Precambrian geology in southern Arizona: U.S. Geol. 01125 Skinner, Brian J. Precipitation of Mississippi Valley-type ores A possible Survey Prof. Paper 566, 89 p., illus., tables, 1967. mechanism, in Genesis of stratiform lead-zinc-barite-fluorite deposits (Mississippi Valley type deposits) A symposium, New York, 1966: Econ. Geology Mon. 3, 00254 Silberling, N. J.; Wallace, R. E. Geologic map of the Imlay quadrangle, Pershing p. 363-369, 1967. County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-666, scale 1:62,500, sections, 1967. Skinner, Brian J. See Roedder, Edwin. 01183

01763 Silberling, N. J. Effects of basement relief beneath Triassic rocks of theHumboldt Skinner, Brian J. See Barton, Paul B., Jr. 01664 Range and nearby parts of northwestern Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 334-335, 1968. Skinner, E. L. See Wiitala, S. W. 00073

Silver, Caswel), Smith, Clay T. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00606 01100 Skipp, Betty; Hepp, Mary-Margaret. Geologic map of the Hatfield Mountain quadrangle, Gallatin County, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ- Silver, Leon T. See Duke, Michael B. 00800 729, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968.

00338 Simmons, George C. Geologic map of the Clay City quadrangle, Powell and Skipp, Betty. See McMannis, William J. 01966 Estill Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GO-663, scale 1:24,000, sections, text, 1967. 02237 Skipp, Betty. Upper Cretaceous volcaniclastic rocks near Maudlow, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 00803 Simmons, George C. Geologic map of the Palmer quadrangle, east-central 1968, Program, p. 75, 1968. Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol, Quad. Map GQ-613, scale 1:24,000, sections, text, 1967. 02238 Skipp, Betty; McGrew, L. W. Tertiary structure of the west edge of the Crazy Mountains basin, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. 02044 Simmons, George C. Geology and iron deposits of the western Serra do Curral, Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 75-76, 1968. Minas Gerais, Brazil: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 341-G, p. G1-G57, illus., tables, geol. maps, 1968. 01048 Skougstad, Marvin W.; Scarbro, George F., Jr. Water sample filtration unit: Environmental Sci. and Technology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 298-301, illus., 1968. 01984 Simon, F. O.; Millard, H. T., Jr. Determination of gold in rocks by neutron activation analysis using fire-assay preconcentration: Anal. Chemistry, v. 40, p. 01855 Slack, Keith V.; Feltz, Herman R. Tree leaf control on low flow water quality 1150-1152, 1968. in a small Virginia stream: Environmental Sci. and Technology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 126-131, illus., 1968. Simons, Daryl B. See Watts, Frederick J. 00296 02206 Slaughter, Turhit H.; Otton, E. G. Availability of ground water in Charles Simons, Daryl B. See Richardson, Everett V. 00706 County, Maryland, with a section on Chemical character of the water b:' Charles P. Laughlin: Maryland Geol. Survey Bull. 30, 100 p., illus., tables, 1968. Simons, Daryl B. See Chang, Feng-Ming. 01090 Slemmons, David B. See Wallace, Robert E. 01651 00544 Simons, W. D. Effects of temperature on winter runoff, in Western Snow Conf., 35th Ann. Mtg., Boise, Idaho, 1967, Proc.: Spokane Wash., Western Snow Conf, 02239 Smedes, Harry W. Stratigraphy of Eocene volcanics in northwestern Yellowstone p. 99-104, illus., 1967. National Park [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 76-77, 1968. 00078 Sims, P. K.; Gable, D. J. Petrology and structure of Precambrian rocks. Central City quadrangle, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 554-E, p. E1-E56, illus., 00811 Smedley, Jack E. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of tables, geol. map, 1967. the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia: U.S. Geol. Survey B ill. 1260- N, p. N1-N10, illus., table, 1968. Singewald, Q. D. See Brock, M. R. 01096 Smith, Alan R. See Wollenberg, Harold A. 00682 01772 Siple, G. E.; Marine, I. W. Newly discovered Triassic basin in the central Savannah River area. South Carolina [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 374, 1968. Smith, Avery E. See Johnson, William D., Jr. 01056 00181 Siple, George E. Salt-water encroachment in coastal South Carolina: South Smith, Avery E. See Goudarzi, Gus H. 01097 Carolina Div. Geology Geol. Notes, v. 11, no. 2, p. 21-36, illus., table, 1967. Smith, Clay T. See Read, Charles B. 00824 00210 Siple, George E. Geology and ground water of the Savannah River Plant and vicinity. South Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1841, 113 p., illus., 02207 Smith, Doyle G. Graduation and calibration of precise level rods: Preprint tables, geol. map, 1967. for Am. Cong. Surveying and Mapping, 28th Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968, p. 469-472, 1968. 00463 Siple, George E. Salt-water encroachment of Tertiary limestones along coastal South Carolina: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 74, p. 439-453, 1967. Smith, E. I. See Eggleton, R. E. 01929 Siriratanamongkol, Charlie. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01286 01860 Smith, F. A.; Weakly, E. C. Groundwater data. Polk County, Nebraska: Nebraska Water Survey Paper 22, 40 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01269 Sisco, H. G.; Whitehead, R. L. Records of observation wells and water-level fluctuations in the Aberdeen-Springfield area, Bingham and Power Counties, Idaho, 01084 Smith, George I. Field guide to examples of late Quaternary geology. Searles in 1965: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 28 p., illus., tables, 1966. Valley, California, in Pleistocene geology and palynology, Searles Valley, California- Friends, of the Pleistocene, Pacific Coast Sec., Mtg., Sept. 1967, Guidebook, p. 1- 01270 Sisco, H. G.; Whitehead, R. L. Records of observation wells and water-level 51, 1967. fluctuations in the Aberdeen-Springfield area, Bingham and Power Counties, Idaho, in 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 27 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01805 Smith, George I.; Troxel, Bennie W.; Gray, Cliffton H., Jr.; VonHuenr, Roland. Geology of Slate Range, San Bernardino and Inyo Counties, California [ab- ]: Geol. 01169 Skelton, John. Storage requirements to augment low flows of Missouri streams, Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 420-421, 1968. with a section on Seepage losses, by James H. Williams: Missouri Div. Geol. Survey and Water Resources, Water Resources Rept. 22, 78 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00539 Smith, J. Fred, Jr.; Ketner, Keith B. Devonian and Mississippian rocks and the date of the Roberts Mountains thrust in the Carlin-Pinon Range area, Nevada: Skibitzke, H. E. See Robinove, C. J. 00384 U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1251-1, p. 11-118, illus., tables, 1968. A306 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

01764 Smith, J. Fred, Jr.; Ketner, Keith B. Zone of sedimentary facies change and Sohl, Norman F. See Owens, James P. 01577 structural instability in the Carlin-Pine Valley area, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 335-336, 1968. 00138 Sohn, I. G. Progress report on localities of type species of Recent ostracodes [abs.], in Symposium on the taxonomy, morphology, an

00205 Smith, Merritt B.; Engler, Vivian L.; Lee, Delia I.; Wayland, Russell G. 01956 Sohn, I. G. Paleogeographical implications of non-marine Lower Cretaceous (compilers). Reported occurrences of selected minerals in the northern third of Cyprideinae in Israel, and Metacytheropteron parnesi, n. sp (Ostracoda, Crust): California (includes most metals and nonmetals; does not include petroleum and Israel Jour. Earth Sci., v. 16, p. 120-131, illus., 1967 [1968]. natural gas): U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Resource Map MR-47, scale 1:500,000, text, 1967. 02004 Sohn, I. G. Triassic ostracodes from Makhtesh Ramon, Israel: Israel Geol. Survey Bull. 44, 71 p., illus., 1968. 01983 Smith, P. B.; Emiliani, C. Oxygen isotopic analysis of some Recent tropical Pacific benthonic Foraminifera: Science, v. 160, no. 3834, p. 1335-1336, 1968. 00372 Soister, Panl E. Relation of Nussbaum Alluvium (Pleistocene) to the Ogallala Formation (Pliocene) and to the Platte-Arkansas Divide, southern Denver Basin, 00182 Smith, Peter J.; Needham, Joseph. Magnetic declination in mediaeval China: Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Nature, v. 214, no. 5094, p. 1213-1214, 1967. Paper 575-D, p. D39-D46, illus., 1967. 00386 Smith, Peter J. Estimates of the Devonian geomagnetic field intensity in 01201 Soister, Paul E. Geologic map of the Hanover NW quadrangle, El Paso County, Scotland, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-725, scale 1:24,000, sections, Paper 575-D, p. D164-D168, illus., table, 1967. text, 1968.

00417 Smith, Peter J. Electron probe microanalysis of optically homogeneous 00184 Somayajulu, B. L. K.; Tatsumoto, M.; Rosholt, J. N.; Knight, R. J. titanomagnetites and ferrian ilmenites in basalts of paleomagnetic significance: Jour. Disequilibrium of the U238 series in basalt: Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 20, p. 5087-5100, illus., tables, 1967. l.no. 6, p. 387-381, 1967.

00470 Smith, Peter J. Ancient geomagnetic field intensities [Pt.] 1, Historic and 00089 Souders, V. L. Availability of water in eastern Saunders County, Nebraska: archeological data. Sets H1-H9: Royal Astron. Soc. Geophys. Jour , v. 13, no. U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-266, scale 1:125,000, text, 1967. 4, p. 417-419, table, 1967. 00789 Souders, Vernon L.; Shaffer, F. Butler. Water sources of Antelope County, 00493 Smith, Peter J. Ancient geomagnetic field intensities Pt. 2, Geological data, Nebraska [abs.]: Nebraska Acad. Sci. Proc., 77th Ann. Mtg., p. 18-19, 1967. SetsGl-G2l; Historical and archeological data, Sets H10-H13: Royal Astron. Soc. Geophys. Jour., v. 13, no. 5, p. 483-486, 1967. 01629 Southard, Rupert B. Federal map coordination: Preprint for Am. Cong. Surveying and Mapping, 28th Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968, p. 94-100b, 00576 Smith, Peter J. Ancient geomagnetic field intensities from igneous rocks: Earth 1968. and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 2, no. 4, p. 329-330, illus., table, 1967. 00185 Southard, Rupert B., Jr. Mapping standards for urban planning: Am. Soc. 01083 Smith, Peter J. Intensity of the Earth's magnetic field in the geological past: Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper 5483, Jour. Surveying ard Mapping Div., no. Nature, v. 216, no. 5119, p. 989-990, illus., 1967. SU2, p. 1-7, 1967.

01657 Smith, Peter J. Summary and analysis of all available ancient geomagnetic field 01748 Southwick, D. L. Paragneisses of the northeast Piedmont Some facts and intensity data [abs.], in Palaeogeophysics NATO Advanced Study Inst., Newcastle, speculations [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 279, 1968. England, 1968, Abs. and Programme, p. 11-34, 1968. 00881 Southwick, David L.; Fisher, George W. Revision of strat:"raphic nomenclature Smith, R. E. See Rawson, Jack. 00360 of the Glenarm Series in Maryland: Maryland Geol. Surve-' Rept. Inv. 6, 19 p., illus., table, 1967. Smith, R. E. See Johnson, S. L. 00799 01109 Spieker, Andrew M. Future development of the ground-water resources in the Smith, Thomas R. See Sainsbury, C. L. 01943 lower Great Miami River valley, Ohio Problems and alternative solution: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 605-D, p. D1-D15, illus., 1968. 00631 Smith, Ward C. Borax ore deposition at Kramer, California [abs.]: Econ. Geology, v. 62, no. 6, p. 876, 1967. 00807 Stacey, J. S.; Moore, W. J.; Rnbright, R. D. Precision measurement of lead isotopes ratios Preliminary analyses from the U.S. Mine, Bhgham Canyon, Utah: 01978 Smith, Ward C. Cenozoic borate deposits in California and Nevada [abs.]: Earth and Planetary Sci. Letters, v. 2, no. 5, p. 489-499, illus., tables, 1967. Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 246, 1968. 01941 Stallings, John S. South Carolina streamflow characteristics, low-flow frequency 01301 Smoot, G. F.; Cahal, D. L; Medina, K. D. A technique for rapid measurement and flow duration: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 83 p., illus., 1967. of flows in large streams: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 15 p., illus., 1967. 01473 Stanin, S. Anthony; Cooper, Bismarck R. The Mt. Montro kyanite deposit, 00739 Smoot, George F.; Carter, Holland W. Are individual current-meter ratings Grand Bassa County, Liberia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-fib report, 33 p., illus., necessary: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 94, paper 5848, Jour. Hydraulics table, 1968. Div., no. HY2, p. 391-397, tables, 1968. Stansfteld, Robert F. See Bergendahl, M. H. 00974 Snavely, Parke D., Jr. See Peterman, Zell E. 00519 Stansfleld, Robert G. See Conant, Louis C. 00938 Snavely, Parke D., Jr. See Weissenborn, A. E. 00529 00943 Stansfield, Robert G.; Fish, George E., Jr.; Feitler, Stanley A. Crushed stone, Snavely, Parke D., Jr. See Weissenborn, A. E. 00550 in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Gecl. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 188-191, tables, 1968. Snavely, Parke D., Jr. See Weissenborn, A. E. 00810 Stansfield, Robert G. See Newman, William L. 00944 02009 Snavely, Parke D., Jr.; MacLeod, Norman S.; Wagner, Holly C. Tholeiitic and alkalic basalts of the Eocene Siletz River Volcanics, Oregon Coast Range: Am. Stansfield, Robert G. See Maxwell, Charles H. 00950 Jour. Sci., v. 266, p. 454-481, 1968. Stansfield, Robert G. See French, Alice E. 00953 Snelsoa, Sigmund. See Tailleur, Irvin L. 01736 Stansfield, Robert G. See Lesure, F. G. 00955 Sniegocki, R. T. See Johnson, A. I. 00713 Stansfield, Robert G. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00956 01804 Snyder, R. P. Electric logs as lithologic indicators in volcanic rocks, Nevada Test Site [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 421, 1968. Stansfield. Robert G. See Luttrell, Gwendolyn W. 00978 00829 Sohl, N. F. Review of "Mollusca from the Upper Cretaceous Jalama Formation, Stansfield, Robert G. See Butler, Arthur P., Jr. 00983 Santa Barbara County, California," by D. H. Dailey and W. P. Popenoe: Jour. Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 247, 1968. Starkey, Harry C. See Shepard, Anna O. 00694 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A307

Steinhilber, W. L. See Cagle, J. W. 00661 Stuart, D.J. See Warren, D. H. 01897

Stephens, J. W. See Albin, Donald R. 00746 00504 Stuart, Wilbnr T.; Schneider, William J.; Crooks, James W.. Swatara Creek basin of southeastern Pennsylvania An evaluation of its hydrologic system: U.S. Geol. Stermitz, Frank. See Boner, F. C. 00300 Survey Water-Supply Paper 1829, 79 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1967.

Stern, T. W. See Zartman, R. E. 00385 01433 Stuart-Alexander, Desiree E. Preliminary geologic map of the Rheita quadrangle of the Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1967. Stern, T. W. See Willden, Ronald. 00735 Stuiver, Minze. See Scholl, David W. 00819 00992 Steven, T. A.; Fried man, Irving. The source of travertine in the Creede Formation, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1968, Sutcliffe, H., Jr. See Joyner, Boyd F. 01045 Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B29-B36, illus., table, 1968. 01537 Sutcliffe, H., Jr.; Joyner, B. F. Test well exploration in the Myakka River basin Steven, T. A. See Doe, B. R. 01677 area, Florida: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 95 p., illus., 1968.

00373 Steven, Thomas A.; Mehnert, Harold H.; Obradovich, John D. Age of volcanic Sutheimer, A. F. See Arteaga, F. E. 01869 activity in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D47-D55, illus., tables, 1967. Sutton, R. L. See Waldrop, H. A. 01955

02029 Steven, Thomas A. Critical review of the San Juan peneplain, southwestern Sutton, R. L. See Waldrop, H. A. 02024 Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 594-1, p. 11-119, geol. map, 1968. Sutton, R. L. See Waldrop, H. A. 02026 Stevens, Rollin E. See Jackson, Everett D. 00004 02212 Sutton, R. L. Evaluation of a periscopic aircraft sextant as a surveying tool Stewart, D. B. See Appleman, D. E. 01835 during advanced systems field test 3: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file repo~t, 9 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00839 Stewart, David B. Four-phase curve in the system CaAbSiaOa^SiC^-I^O between 1 and 10 kilobars: Schweizer. Mineralog. u. Petrog. Mitt., v. 47, no. 1, Sutnla, C. L. See Wershaw, R. L. 02162 p. 35-59, illus., tables, 1967. 00871 Swain, Frederick M. Ostracoda from the upper Tertiary Waccamaw Formation 01041 Stewart, G. L.; Farnsworth, R. K. United States tritium rainout and its of North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 573-D, hydrologic implications: Water Resources Research, v. 4, no. 2, p. 273-289, illus., p. D1-D37, illus., tables, 1968. tables, 1968. 01232 Swain, Frederick M.; Brown, Philip M. Lower Cretaceous, Jurassio(?), and 00359 Stewart, John H.; LaMarche, Valmore C., Jr. Erosion and deposition produced Triassic Ostracoda from the Atlantic coastal region [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, by the flood of December 1964 on Coffee Creek, Trinity County, California: U.S. Southeastern Sec., Ann. Mtg., Durham, N. C., Apr. 1968, Program, p. 67, 1958. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 422-K, p. K1-K22, illus., tables, 1967. Swann, G. A. See Karlstrom, T. N. V. 01508 00778 Stewart, John H.; Palmer, Allison R. Callaghan window A newly discovered part of the Roberts thrust, Toiyabe Range, Lander County, Nevada, in Geological 01979 Swann, G. A. Geological exploration in post-Apollo manned lunar missions Survey research 19*67, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D56- [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 354- D63, illus., 1967. 355, 1968. Stewart, John H. See Palmer, Allison R. 01049 Swanson, Donald A. See Walker, George W. 00532 01103 Stewart, John H.; McKee, Edwin H. Favorable areas for prospecting adjacent Swanson, Donald A. See Walker, George W. 00533 to the Roberts Mountains thrust in southern Lander County, Navada: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 563, 13 p., illus., table, geol. maps, 1968. 00604 Swanson, Donald A. Yakima Basalt of the Tieton River area, soutt-central Washington: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 78, no. 9, p. 1077-1109, illus, tables, 01468 Stewart, John H.; McKee, Edwin H. Geologic map of southeastern part of 1967. Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. Swanson, Donald A. See Walker, George W. 00993 01469 Stewart, John H.; McKee, Edwin H. Geologic map of west-central part of Lander County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 01886 Swanson, Donald A. Reconnaissance geologic map of the east half of the Bend quadrangle. Crook, Wheeler, Jefferson, Wasco, and Deschutes Counties, Oregon: 01850 Stewart, John H. Regional sedimentary characteristics of upper Precambrian U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 6 sheets, scale 1:250,000, section, 1968. and Lower Cambrian strata, southern Great Basin [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 421-422, 1968. Swanson, R. W. See McKelvey, V. E. 00587 00122 Stewart, M. R. Time of travel of solutes in Mississippi River from Baton Rouge 00697 Swanson, Roger W. Geology of the western phosphate field, in Industrial to New Orleans, Louisiana: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-260, 1 sheet, seminar, western phosphate region, 1966, Proc.: Montana Bur. Mines and Geology 1967. Spec. Pub. 42, p. 32-38, illus., 1967. 01553 Stewart, S. W. Crustal structure in Missouri by seismic-refraction methods: Swarzenski, W. V. See Greenman, D. W. 00557 Seismol. Soc. America Bull., v. 58, no. 1, p. 291-323, illus., tables, 1968. Sweeney, John W. See Meyer, Richard F. 00936 02174 Stewart, S. W. Crustal structure on opposite sides of the San Andreas fault zone in central California by seismic-refraction methods [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America, Sweeney, John W. See Hosterman, John W. 00942 Cordilleran Sec., Seismol. Soc. America, and Paleontological Soc., Ann. Mtg., Tucson, Ariz., 1968, Program, p. 116, 1968. Sweeney, John W. See Bush, A. L. 00946 02208 Stewart, S. W. Preliminary comparison of seismic traveltimes and inferred Sweeney, John W. See VanAlstine, R. E. 00957 crustal structure adjacent to the San Andreas fault in the Diablo and Gabilan Ranges of central California, in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Sweeney, John W. See Griffitts, Wallace R. 00961 Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 218-230, 1968. Sweeney, John W. See Larrabee, D. M. 00963 Stewart, William E. See Pomerene, Joel B. 00465 Sweeney, John W. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00967 Stockard, H. P. See Reed, J. C., Jr. 02176 Sweeney, John W. See Patterson, Sam H. 00969 01302 Stoddard, A. E. .Far infrared luminescence: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Interagency Rept. NASA-91), 14 p., illus., 1967. Sweeney, John W. See Wright, Wilna B. 00975 Stoiser, L. R. See Wells, J. D. 01697 Sweeney, John W. See Dorr, Van N., 2d. 00976 01111 Stone, Jerome. Mineral analyses, in Fluvial monazite deposits in the southeastern Sweeney, John W. See Sainsbury, C. L. 00980 United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 568, p. 54-59, tables, 1968. Sweeney, John W. See Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00985 00400 Stoner, J. D. Prediction of salt-water intrusion in the Duwamish River estuary, King County, Washington, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. 01082 Swenson, Frank A. New theory of recharge to the artesian basin of the Dakotas: Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D253-D255, illus., table, 1967. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 2, p. 163-182, illus., tables, 1968. Stotelmeyer, Ronald B. See Bachman, George O. 00351 Tabor, R. W. See Hopson, C. A. 01573 A308 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Tabor, R. W. See Cater, Fred W. 01669 01342 Taylor, Richard B.; Kiag, Robert U. Preliminary report on mid-Tertiary rhyolite vents and associated mineralization south of Georgetown, Colorado: U.S. Geol. 00065 Tabor, Rowland W. Geologic map of the Williamsburg quadrangle, Whitley Survey open-file report, 15 p., illus., 1967. County, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-616, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Taylor, Richard B. See Sheridan, Douglas M. 01830

00148 Tabor, Rowland W. Evaluating the mineral potential of the North Cascades Taylor, T. M. See Babad, Harry. 02161 primitive area, or Mountains I wished I could have climbed: Mountaineer, v. 60, no. 5, p. 29-36, 1967. Teasdale, W. E. See Barraclough, J. T. 01448

Tagg, A. R. See Uchupi, Elazar. 00317 Teichert, C. See Poole, F. G. 00745

00013 Tagg, A. Richard; Uchnpi, Elazar. Subsurface morphology of Long Island 00339 Thaden, Robert E.; Ostling, Earl J. Geologic map of the Bluewater quadrangle, Sound, Block Island Sound, Rhode Island Sound, and Buzzards Bay, in Geological Valencia and McKinley Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C92- Map GQ-679, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. C96, illus., 1967. 00340 Thaden, Robert E.; Santps, Elmer S.; Ostling, Earl J. Geo'ogic map of the Dos Tailleur, I. L. See Gryc, George. 00066 Lomas quadrangle, Valencia and McKinley Counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-680, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 00186 Taillenr, I. L.; Brosge, W. P.; Reiser, H. N. Palinspastic analysis of Devonian rocks in northwestern Alaska [abs.], in Internal. Symposium on the Devonian 00341 Thadea, Robert E.; Santos, Elmer S.; Raup, Omer B. Geologic map of the Grants System, Calgary, Sept. 1967, Abs. Proc.: Calgary, Alberta, Alberta Soc. Petroleum quadrangle, Valencia County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map Geologists, p. 146, 1967. GQ-681, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967.

Tailleur, I. L. See Tourtelot, Harry A. 01841 00342 Thaden, Robert E.; Merrin, Seymonr; Ranp, Omer B. Geologic map of the Grants SE quadrangle, Valencia County, New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Tailleur, Irvin L. See Donnell, John R. 00686 Map GQ-682, scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. 01736 Taillenr, Irvin L.; Snelson, Sigmnnd. Large-scale flat thrusts in the Brooks Range Thatcher, A. B. See Hemley, J. J. 02163 orogen, northern Alaska [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 217, 1968. 00481 Thayer, T. P. Chemical and structural relations of ultranafic and feldspathic Tailleur, Irvin L. See Patton, William W., Jr. 02047 rocks in alpine intrusive complexes, in Ultramafic and related rocks (P. J. Wyllie, editor): New York and London, John Wiley and Sons, p. 222-239, illus., table, Taillenr, Irvin L. See Tourtelot, Harry A. 00877 1967.

00841 Takeda, Hiroshi; Donnay, J. D. H.; Roseboom, Engene H.; Appleman, Daniel 00971 Thayer, T. P.; Hobbs, Robert G. Chromium, in Mine~al resources of the E. The crystallography of djurleite, Cui 978 [with German abs.]: Zeitschr. Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 372-374, illus., table, Kristallographie, v. 125, p. 404-413, tables, 1967. 1968. 01189 Thayer, T. P. Continental alpine-type mafic (ophiolitic) complexes as possible 00842 Takeda, Hiroshi; Donnay, J. D. H.; Appleman, Daaiel E. Djurleite twinning keys to geology of mid-oceanic ridges [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, [with German abs.]: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, v. 125, p. 414-422, illus., 1967. no. l,p. 365, 1968. Talbot.J. L. See Raleigh, C. B. 00659 01980 Thayer, T. P.; Himmelberg, G. R. Rock succession in tie Canyon Mountain alpine-type mafic complex, Oregon [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Talbot, J. L. See Raleigh, C. B. 02202 Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 36, 1968. 00916 Tanaka, Harry H. Use of analog models in the Arkansas and Verdigris River 00820 Theobald, P. K., Jr.; Thompson, C. E.; Geonzalez, Lonis. Log of diamond drill valleys, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 46, p. 76-77, 1966. core, hole number 1, Lahuf mine, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Srrvey open-file report (Saudi-Arabian Inv. 32), 22 p., illus., tables, 1967. Tanner, Allan B. See Senftle, Frank E. 00702 Theobald, Paul K., Jr. See Overstreet, William C. 01112 Tapia, Oscar. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 01343 Theobald, Paul K., Jr. Geologic stalus report, April 1965, Mahad Adh Dhahab 01862 Tarver, George R. Ground-water resources of Tyler County, Texas: Texas Water area, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Sardi Arabian Inv. 15), Devel. Board Rept. 74, 91 p., illus., tables, 1968. lip., 1967.

Tatlock, D. B. See Wallace, R. E. 01308 00543 Thomas, C. A. Use of snow surveys lo forecasl inflow lo Snake River, in Western Snow Conf., 35th Ann. Mlg., Boise, Idaho, 1967, Proc.: Spokane, Wash., Western Snow Conf., p. 1-5, illus., 1967. Tatlock, Donald B. See Wones, David R. 00838 00476 Thomas, Chester E., Jr.; Bednar, Gene A.; Thomas, MendaH P.; Wilson, William Tatsumoto, M. See Somayajulu, B. L. K. 00184 E. Hydrogeologic data for the Shetuckel River basin, Connecticut Connecticut Water Resources Bull. 12,48 p., illus., tables, 1967. 01617 Tatsumoto, M.; Knight, R. J. Isotopic composition of lead from Easter and Guadalupe Islands [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, p. 206, 1967. Thomas, Chester E., Jr. See Thomas, MendaH P. 00477 01737 Tatsumoto, M.; Knight, R. J. Isotopic composition of lead in volcanic rocks Thomas, H. H. See Zartman, R. E. 00492 from Hawaii [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 218-219, 1968. 01203 Thomas, Harold E. Determining perennial recharge, in Groundwaler 01738 Tatsnmoto, M.; Kuight, R. J. Relative abundance of Pb, U, Th, and lead isotopes developmenl in arid basins Symposium, Utah Slate Univ., 1967, Proc.: Logan, in tholeiitic and high-alumina basalts from Japan [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Ulah, Ulah State Univ., p. 15-20, 1967. Paper 101, p. 219, 1968. Thomas, Herman H. See Willden, Ronald. 00735 Tatsumoto, M. See Rosholt, John N. 01839 Thomas, MendaH P. See Thomas, Chester E., Jr. 00476 Taylor, Charles M. See Radtke, Arthur S. 00380 00477 Thomas, MendaH P.; Bednar, Gene A.; Thomas, Chester E., Jr.; Wilson, William 00620 Taylor, Charles M.; Radtke, Arthur S. New occurrence and data of nolanite: E. Water resources invenlory of Conneclicul Pi. 2, Sh-.tucket River basin: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 5-6, p. 734-743, illus., tables, 1967. Connecticut Water Resources Bull. 11, 96 p., illus., tables, 1967. Taylor, Patrick T. See Zietz, Isidore. 01194 00396 Thompson, C. E. A spectropholometric method for determination of Iraces of platinum and palladium in geologic materials, in Geological Survey research 1967, 00187 Taylor, R. E. Ground water in the Tatum dome area, Lamar County, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D236-D23?, lable, 1967. Mississippi, in Mississippi Water Resources Conf. 1966, Proc.: State College, Miss., Water Resources Research Inst., Mississippi State Univ., p. 141-148, illus. [1966?]. Thompson, C. E. See Theobald, P. K., Jr. 00820 01303 Taylor, R. E. Complaints related to water wells after Salmon Event in Tatum Thompson, C. E. See Nakagawa, H. M. 01007 salt dome area, Lamar County, Mississippi: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 16 p., illus., 1967. 01009 Thompson, C. E.; Nakagawa, H. M.; VanSickle, G. H. Rapid analysis for gold in geologic materials, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. 01304 Taylor, R. E. Final investigation of water-well complaints related to Salmon Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B130-B132, lables, 1968. Event in Tatum salt dome area, Lamar County, Mississippi: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 28 p., illus., 1967. Thompson, George A. See Yates, Robert G. 01450 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A309

00294 Thompson, Gerald L. Ground-water resources of Ellis County, Texas: Texas 00190 Toler, L. C. Fluoride in water in the Alafia and Peace River basins, Florida: Water Devel. Board Rept. 62, 115 p., illus., tables, 1967. Florida Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 46,46 p., illus., tables, 1967. Thompson, J. B., Jr. See Trask, N. J., Jr. 00826 00201 Toulmin, Priestley, 3d; Clark, Sydney P., Jr. Thermal aspects of ore fcrmation, [Chap.] 10 in Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits (H. L. Barnes editor): 00188 Thompson, Morris M.; Lewis, James C. Practical improvements in stereoplotting New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 437-464, illus., tables, 1967. instruments, in United Nations Regional Cartographic Conf. for Asia and the Far East, 4th, Manila, 1964 V. 2, Proc. and Tech. Papers: New York, United Nations, 01741 Tonlmin, Priestley, 3d; Barton, Pan! B., Jr. Significance of the FeS content of p. 279-287, illus., 1966. sphalerite as a geothermometer [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 222, 1968. 00189 Thompson, Morris M. Ten-year research program in surveying and mapping: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper 5486, Jour. Surveying and Mapping Tourtelot, Harry A. See Donnell, John R. 00686 Div., no. SU2, p. 9-14, 1967. 00877 Tourtelot, Harry A.; Donnell, John R.; Tailleur, Irvin L. Oil yield and chemical Thompson, T. H. See Rantz, S. E. 00301 composition of shale from northern Alaska [with French and Spanish abs.], in Drilling and production World Petroleum Cong., 7th, Mexico, 1967, Prcc., V. 3: Thompson, T. H. See Cruff, R. W. 01038 London and New York, Elsevier Publishing Co., p. 707-711, tables, 1967. 01070 Tonrtelot, Harry A. Hydraulic equivalence of grains of quartz anc1 heavier 0201 1 Thompson, T. H. Determination of discharge during pulsating flow: U.S. Geol. minerals, and implications for the study of placers: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Survey Water-Supply Paper 1869-D, p. D1-D22, illus., tables, 1968. 594-F, p. F1-F13, illus., 1968. Thompson, Terry H. See Dawdy, David R. 00281 Tourtelot, Harry A. See Peterman, Zell E. 01706 00316 Thomson, F. H.; Humphreys, C. P., Jr. Low flow in selected subbasins of the 01841 Tonrtelot, Harry A.; Tailleur, I. L.; Donnell, John R. Tasmanite and associate Big Black River: Mississippi Board Water Commissioners Bull. 67-1, 55 p., illus., organic-rich rocks, Brooks Range, northern Alaska [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America tables, 1967. Spec. Paper 101, p. 222-223, 1968. 00926 Thomson, Robert D.; Frendzel, Donald J.; Edgerton, Curt D., Jr. History of 02038 Trace, Robert D.; Kehn, Thomas M. Geologic map of the Olney quadrangle, the mineral economy, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Caldwell and Hopkins Counties, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Qu^d. Map Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 14-16, tables, 1968. GO-742, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1968.

Thomson, Robert D. See Ericksen, George E. 00941 Tracey, Joshua I., Jr. See Rubey, William W. 01904

Thomson, Robert D. See Ericksen, George E. 00947 Tracey, Joshna [., Jr. See Rubey, William W. 01905

01432 Thordarson, William; Yonng, R. A.; Winograd, I. J. Records of wells and test 00030 Trainer, Frank W. Measurement of the abundance of fracture traces on aerial holes in the Nevada Test Site and vicinity (through December 1966): U.S. Geol. photographs, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Sur 'ey Prof. Survey Rept. TEI-872 (open-file report), 26 p., illus., tables, 1967. Paper 575-C, p. C184-C188, illus., 1967. 01024 Trainer, Frank W. Temperature profiles in water wells as indicators of bedrock Thordarson, William. See Robinson, B. P. 01435 fractures, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B210-B214, illus., 1968. Thordarson, William. See Winograd, Isaac J. 01807 01122 Trainer, Frank W.; Ellison, Robert L. Fracture traces in the Shenandoah Valley, Thorpe, A. N. See Senftle, F. E. 01 187 Virginia: Photogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 2, p. 190-199, illus., tables, 1967. 00628 Thurston, William. International Union of Geological Sciences: Geotimes, v. 01118 Trapp, Henry, Jr. Geology and ground water resources of Eddy ani Foster 13, no. 1, p. 13-14, tables, 1968. Counties, North Dakota Pt. 3, Ground water resources: North Dakota Geol. Survey Bull. 44, pt. 3 (North Dakota Water Comm. County Ground Wat^r Study Tilling, Robert I. See Doe, Bruce R. 00429 5), 110 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01739 Tilling, Robert I. Structural state and perthitization of alkali feldspars from Trask, N. J. See Schmitt, H. H. 00100 an epizonal pluton. Boulder batholith, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 220-221, 1968. 01924 Trask, N. J. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse II-8-3 and vicinity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. 02240 Tilling, Robert I.; Klepper, Mentis R.; Obradovich, John D. K-Ar ages and time span of emplacement of the Boulder batholith, Montana [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America 01925 Trask, N. J. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse II-11-2 and vicinify: U.S. Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 79-80, 1968. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. Titley, S. R. See Cozad, N. D. 01446 00826 Trask, N. J., Jr.; Thompson, J. B., Jr. Stratigraphy and structure of the Skitchewaug nappe in the Bernardston area, Mass., N. H., Vt., Trip J in Guidebook 01922 Titley, S. R. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site II-P-13: U.S. for field trips in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts New England Intercoll. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968. Geol. Conf., 59th Ann. Mtg., Amherst, 1967: [New Haven, Conn., Yale Un;v. Dept. Geology] p. 128-142, illus., table, 1967. 01923 Titley, S. R. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse II-13-2 and vicinity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. 00130 Trask, Newell J. Stratigraphy of the Moon [abs.]: Pacific Petroleum Geologist, v. 20, no. 2, p. 4, 1966. Titus, F. B., Jr. See Ballance, W. C. 00853 00795 Trask, Newell J.; Rowan, Lawrence C. Lunar Orbiter photographs Some 00855 Titns, Frank B., Jr. Central closed basins Geography, geology, and hydrology, fundamental observations: Science, v. 158, no. 3808, p. 1529-1535, 1967. in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, compiler): Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 97-1 1 1, illus., tables, 1967. Tranger, F. D. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00605 00639 Tobisch, Othmar T. The influence of early structures on the orientation of late- Tranger, F. D. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00606 phase folds in an area of repeated deformation: Jour. Geology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 554-564, illus., geol. map, 1967. 00859 Tranger, Frederick D. Lower Colorado River basin Geography, geobgy, and hydrology, in Water resources of New Mexico (New Mexico State Engineer Office, 01740 Tobisch, Othmar T. Structural and metamorphic studies in gneissic amphibolite compiler): Santa Fe, N. Mex., State Plan. Office, p. 211-229, illus., tables, 1967. from part of the basal complex of Puerto Rico [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 221-222, 1968. Tranger, Frederick D. See Cooper, James B. 02155 01820 Tobisch, Othmar T. Gneissic amphibolite at Las Palmas, Puerto Rico, and its Trent, V. A. See Pipiringos, G. N. 01601 significance in the early history of the Greater Antilles island arc: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 79, no. 5, p. 557-574, illus., tables, 1968. Trent, Virgil A. See Johnson, Robert F. 00594 Tobisch, Othmar T. See Nelson, Arthur E. 02050 Trent, Virgil A. See Johnson, Robert F. 00595 Tobish, Othmar T. See Nelson, Arthur E. 00569 00596 Trent, Virgil A.; Johnson, Robert F. Reconnaissance mineral and geological investigation in the Haql quadrangle, Aqaba area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi 01554 Todd, Ruth. Recent literature on the Foraminifera: Cushman Found. Foram. Arabia Ministry Petroleum and Mineral Resources Mineral Inv. Map MI-12, 1967. Research Contr., v. 18, pt. 3, p. 137-145, 1967; ibid., pt. 4, p. 178-182, 1967; v. 19, pt. 1, p. 33-39, 1968. 00597 Trent, Virgil A.; Johnson, Robert F. Reconnaissance investigations in the Jabal al Lawz quadrangle, Aqaba area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia Ministry Todd, William C. See Sainsbury, C. L. 01943 Petroleum and Mineral Resources Mineral Inv. Map MI-13, 1967. A310 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

00609 Trent, Virgil A. A geologic and mineral reconnaissance by helicopter in a part Uchupi, Elazar. See Tagg, A. Richard. 00013 of the Tihamat Ash Sham quadrangle, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 10 p., 1968. 00317 Uchnpi, Elazar; Tagg, A. R. Topography and structure of the continental shelf and slope off northeastern United States [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 00610 Trent, Virgil A. Mineral investigations in the Al Aqiq area, Saudi Arabia: 47, no. l,p. 121, 1966. U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 4 p., 1968. 01061 Uchnpi, Elazar. Map showing relation of land and submarine topography. Trexler, J. Peter. See Wood, Gordon H., Jr. 01599 Mississippi Delta to Bahia de Campeche: U.S. Geol. Survey tfisc.-Geol. Inv. Map 1-521, 2 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000, 1968. Trexler, J. Peter. See Wood, Gordon H., Jr. 02033 01113 Uchupi, Elazar. Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States 02035 Trexler, J. Peter; Wood, Gordon H., Jr. Geologic map of the Valley View Physiography: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 529-C, p. C1-C30, illus., tables, 1968. quadrangle, Schuylkill and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-699, scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. Ulrich, G. E. See Klemic, Harry. 01146

02036 Trexler, J. Peter; Wood, Gordon H., Jr. Geologic map of the Klingerstown 01429 Ulrich, G. E. Preliminary geologic map of the J. Herschel quadrangle of the quadrangle, Northumberland, Schuylkill, and Dauphin Counties, Pennsylvania: Moon: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 1966. U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-700, scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. 01806 Ulrich, G. E.; Lee, T. J. W.; Schaber, G. G. Application of thin-section Trollman, W. W. See Maher, J. C. 00729 petrography and photomicrography to lunar exploration [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 423-424, 1968. Troxel, Benaie W. See Smith, George I. 01805 Ulrich, George E. See Klemic, Harry. 00056 00321 Truesdell, A. H.; Jenne, E. A. An atomic model of mono- divalent cation selectivity [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 47, no. 1, p. 84, 1966. 01749 Upson, Joseph E. Is the Gardiners Clay the Gardiners Clay? Notes on the Gardiners Clay in a portion of eastern Long Island, New York [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 01190 Truesdell, A. H.; Jones, B. F.; O'Neil, J. R.; Rettig, S. L. Chemical reaction America Spec. Paper 101, p. 281, 1968. and diffusion in the estuary of saline Abert Lake, Oregon [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 367, 1968. U.S. Bureau of Mines. See U.S. Geological Survey. 00924

Truesdell, A. H. See White, D. E. 01191 00001 U.S. Geological Survey. Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C1-C251, illus., tabe 1967. 01305 Truesdell, A. H.; Carroll, Dorothy; Schnepfe, Marian. Bibliography of ion exchange selectivity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 90 p., 1967. 00097 U.S. Geological Survey. Engineering geology of the Northeast Corridor, Washington, D. C., to Boston, Massachusetts Bedrock geology: U.S. Geol. Survey 01555 Truesdell, A. H. The advantage of using pE rather than Eh in redox equilibrium Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-514-A, 7 sheets, scale 1:250,000, sectiors, text, 1967. calculations: Jour. Geol. Education, v. 16, no. 1, p. 17-20, illus., 1968. 01648 Truesdell, A. H.; Hostetler, P. B.; Hemley, J. J. Ion pairing in sulfate solutions 00098 U.S. Geological Survey. Engineering geology of the Northeast Corridor, and the formation of alunite [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 48, no. 1, Washington, D. C., to Boston, Massachusetts Coastal Plain and surficial deposits: p. 249, 1967. U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-514-B, 8 sheets, sca'e 1:250,000, sections, text, 1967. Truesdell, A.M. See White, D. E. 01901 00099 U.S. Geological Survey; Bromery, R. W.; Joyner, W. B. Engineering geology 01981 Truesdell, A. H.; Fournier, R. O.; White, D. E.; Muffler, L. J. P. Preliminary of the Northeast Corridor, Washington, D. C., to Boston, Massachusetts silica budget for the Upper and Lower Geyser Basins of Yellowstone National Earthquake epicenters, geothermal gradients and excavations and borings: U.S. Park, Wyoming, USA [abs.]: Internat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I-514-C, 2 sheets, text, 1967. 1968, Abstracts, p. 389, 1968. 00247 U.S. Geological Survey. Ground-water levels in the United States, 1960-64 Truesdell, A. H. See Fournier, R. O. 01999 South-central states: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1824, 152 p., illus., tables, 1967. 02010 Truesdell, A. H.; Christ, C. L. Cation exchange in clays interpreted by regular solution theory: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 266, p. 402-412, 1968. 00366 U.S. Geological Survey. Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D1-D296, illus., tables, 1967. Truesdell, A. H. See White, D. E. 02242 00439 U.S. Geological Survey. Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. A: U.S. Geol. Truesdell, A. H. See Fournier, R. O. 02246 Survey Prof. Paper 575-A, p. A1-A377, illus., 1967. 01594 Trumbull, J. V. A.; Emery, K. O. Advantages of color photography on the 00468 U.S. Geological Survey. Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1961 continental shelf, [Chap.] 12 in Deep-sea photography: Johns Hopkins Oceanog. Pts. 1-2, North Atlantic slope basins and South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf Studies, no. 3, p. 141-143, illus., 1967. of Mexico basins: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1881, 412 p., illus., tables, 1967. Trumbull, J. V. A. See Manheim, F. T. 01813 00537 U.S. Geological Survey. Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1960 00270 Trumbull, James V. A.; McCamis, Marvin J. Geological exploration in an east Pts. 1-2, North Atlantic Slope basins and South Atlantic Slope and Eastern Gulf coast submarine canyon from research submersible: Science, v. 158, no. 3799, p. of Mexico basins: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1741, 418 p., illus., tables, 370-372, illus., 1967. 1968. 01018 Trumbnll, James V. A.; Hathaway, John C. Dark-mineral accumulations in 00559 U.S. Geological Survey. Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1961 beach and dune sands of Cape Cod and vicinity, in Geological Survey research 1968, Pts. 7-8, Lower Mississippi River basin and western Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B178-B184, illus., table, 1968. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1884, 590 p., illus., tables, 1967. 00899 Trnper, Haas G.; Hathaway, John C. Orthorhombic sulfur formed by 00618 U.S. Geological Survey. (Water Resources Division). Ground water in the photosynthetic sulfur bacteria: Nature, v. 215, no. 5099, p. 435-436, illus., 1967. Cimarron River basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, and O'Mahoma: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 51 p., illus., tables, 1966 [1967]. 01306 Tschndy, Robert H. Palynological investigations in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary of the Mississippi Embayment region, [Pt.] 4: U.S. Geol. Survey open- 00847 U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey heavy me'als program progress file report, 48 p., tables, 1967. report, 1966 and 1967: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 560, 24 p., 1968 01842 Tschudy, Robert H. Palynology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the 00882 U.S. Geological Survey. National Atlas of the United States Sheet 126, Mississippi Embayment and northern Rocky Mountain regions [abs.]: Geol. Soc. Productive aquifers and withdrawals from wells: Washingto1?, D. C., U.S. Geol. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 223, 1968. Survey, scale 1:7,500,000, 1967. 01415 Turner, Robert M.; Boynton, George R. Film density analyzers for infrared 00924 U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Bureau of Mines. Mineral resources of the investigations: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 10 p., illus., table, 1968. Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, 492 p., illus., tables, geol. map, 1968. 00273 Tnttle, C. R. Seismic surveys for highway investigations in Massachusetts, in Economic geology in Massachusetts Conf., Amherst, 1966, Proc.: Amherst, Mass., 00986 U.S. Geological Survey. Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B.: U.S. Geol. Graduate School, Univ. Massachusetts, p. 361-368, illus., 1967. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B1-B233, illus., tables, 1968. 00771 Tu 01271 U.S. Geological Survey; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Map showing rocks, locations of continuous seismic profiler (CSP) lines of the Atlantic Continental Shelf Amhe and Slope, southern sheet, Charleston to Florida Keys (filed with the National 1967 Oceanographic Data Center): U.S. Geol. Survey open-file repo-t, 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A311

01272 U. S. Geological Survey. Map showing locations of continuous seismic profiler 01394 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Carson City anc1 Dayton (CSP) lines of the Gulf of Mexico, Dry Tortugas, Florida to Galveston, Texas (filed quadrangles and parts of the Truckee, Mount Rose, Virginia City, ard Tahoe with the National Oceanographic Data Center): U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about scale 1:1,000,000, 1967. 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967.

01273 U.S. Geological Survey; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Map showing 01401 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Eureka region, Eureka and locations of continuous seismic profiler (CSP) lines of the Atlantic Continental Shelf White Pine Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, and Slope, central sheet, New York to Charleston (filed with the National 1968. Oceanographic Data Center): U.S. Geol. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:1,000,000, 1967. 01406 U.S. Geological Survey. Geologic map of the east flank of the Elkhorn Mountains, Broadwater County, Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 5 01314 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Mina quadrangle, Nevada: sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in to 1 mi., 1967. 01412 U.S. Geological Survey. Map showing location of subbottom acousth profiles in San Francisco Bay from Bay Farm Island westward toward Hunter's Point, filed 01315 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Rhyolite Ridge, Silver Peak, Piper Peak, and Lida Wash quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Geol. Survey with the National Oceanographic Data Center: U.S. Geol. Survey open file report, open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 4 maps, text, 1968. 01423 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Freel Peak and Mount Siegel 01316 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Coaldale quadrangle, Nevada: quadrangles, and parts of the Markleeville and Topaz Lake quadrangles, California- U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01317 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the San Antonio Ranch, Baxter 01425 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Goldyke quadrangle. Nevada: Spring, Lone Mountain, and Tonopah quadrangles and part of the Antelope Spring U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to I mi., 1967. quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01426 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Luning quadrangle. Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to I mi., 1967. 01318 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Goldfield quadrangle and part of the Cactus Peak quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 01427 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Schurz, Gillis Canyo-i, Mount scale about I in. to 1 mi., 1967. Grant, and Hawthorne quadrangles, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01327 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Bridgeport quadrangle and parts of the Fales Hot Springs and Bodie quadrangles, California Nevada: U.S. 01428 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Round Mountain q-iadrangle Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. and part of the Belmont quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about I in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01328 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Glass Mountain and Cowtrack Mountain quadrangles, California-Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 01451 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Wellington, Yeringtcn, Desert scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. Creek Peak and Pine Grove quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Gee!. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01329 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Aurora, Powell Mountain, and Huntoon Valley quadrangles and part of the Trench Canyon quadrangle, 01463 U.S. Geological Survey. (Water Resources Division, Arizona District). Activities Nevada-California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about I in. to 1 mi., of Water Resources Division in Arizona: Tucson, Arizona, U.S. Geol. Sur'ey open- 1967. file report, 13 p., 1968. 01330 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Benton and Davis Mountain 01499 U.S. Geological Snrvey. Aeromagnetic map of the McNair-Grand Portage area, quadrangles and parts of the White Mountain Peak and Mount Barcroft northeastern Minnesota: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:125,007, 1968. quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Geol. Survey open file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01518 U.S. Geological Survey. Astrogeologic studies, annual progress report, July 1, 1965, to July 1, 1966 Pts. A, B, C, D, and 3 map supplements: U.S. Geol. Survey 01331 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Blanco Mountain, open-file report, 1968. Soldier Pass, and Waucoba Spring quadrangles, California-Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01822 U.S. Geological Survey. Bibliography of North American Geology, 1?63: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1233, 1105 p., 1968. 01332 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Magruder Mountain, Grapevine Canyon 2, and Ubehebe Crater quadrangles, and part of the Last Chance 01888 U.S. Geological Survey. (Branch of Mineral Classification). Areas within which Range quadrangle, Nevada-California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale public oil shale lands are withdrawn by Executive Order 5327: U.S. Geol. Survey about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. open-file report, scale 1:500,000, 1967. 01333 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Grapevine Peak and Tin 01906 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Austin region, Lander County, Mountain quadrangles, California-Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01907 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Battle Mountain and Dunphy 01334 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Bullfrog and Bare Mountain quadrangles, Lander and Eureka Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01908 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Golconda and Battle 01357 U.S. Geological Survey. Logs of holes drilled in 1955 and 1956 by U.S. Mountain quadrangles, Humboldt, Lander, and Eureka Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey, Dry Creek Basin area. Bull Canyon district, Montrose and San Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. Miguel Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report. 4 p., illus., 1967. 01909 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of part of the Jarbridge quadrangle, 01369 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of part of the Pilot quadrangle, Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about I in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01910 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Midas quadrangle, Elko 01370 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of part of the Wonder quadrangle. County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01911 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the North Fork quadrangle, Elko 01372 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Great Falls-Brown Lake area, County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. northwestern Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open file report scale about 1 in to 1 mi., 1967. 01912 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the southern part of the Norths Ranch quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 01375 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Bonnie Claire quadrangle scale 1:62,500, 1968. and parts of the Grapevine Canyon 1 and Springdale quadrangles, Nevada California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. 01913 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Tuscarora quadrangle, Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 01391 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Como and Wabuska quadrangles and parts of the Churchill Butte and Silver Springs quadrangles. 01914 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Unionville region, Pershing Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968. 01392 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Weber Reservoir and Alien 01915 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Wild Horse, Mt. Velma, Springs quadrangles and parts of the Fallen and Carson Lake quadrangles, Nevada: Mountain City, and Rowland quadrangles, Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. Survey open file report, scale 1:62,5000, 1968. 01393 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Austin, Spencer Hot 01916 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Wilson Reservoir, Bull Run, Springs, and Wildcat Peak quadrangles, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file and Owyhee quadrangles, and part of the Hat Peak quadrangle, Elko County, report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1968.

318-835 O - 68 - 21 A312 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

02013 U.S. Geological Survey. Abstracts of North American geology, July-December Mountains, California, in Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the 1967: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. Survey, p. 857-1797, 1967. San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 242-259, 1968.

02016 U.S. Geological Survey. Abstracts of North American geology, January-June Velasco, Carlos. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 1968: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. Survey, p. 1-926, 1968. Verhoogeu, Joha. See Gromme, C. S. 00471 02018 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Chester quadrangle and parts of the Beckett and Blandford quadrangles, Berkshire, Hampden, and Hampshire Vhay.J. S. See Cornwall, H. R. 00972 Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-625, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 00494 Vice, Raymoad B.; Ferguson, George E.; Guy, Harold P. Erosion from suburban highway construction: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. ?4, paper 5742, Jour. 02019 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Goshen quadrangle and part Hydraulics Div., no. HY 1, p. 347-348, table, 1968. of the Ashfield quadrangle. Franklin and Hampshire Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-626, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 01742 Vine, James D. Depositional environment of coal-bearng Paleogene strata, western Washington [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 1C', p. 230, 1968. 02020 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Worthington quadrangle and Vitaliano, Dorothy B. See Clarke, James W. 02014 parts of the Plainfield and Peru quadrangles, Berkshire and Hampshire Counties, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-627, scale 1:24,000, 1968. Vitaliano, Dorothy B. See Clarke, James W. 02015 02021 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Westhampton quadrangle and 00423 Vlisidis, Augelina C.; Schaller, Waldemar T. The formula of shattuckite: Am. part of the Woronoco quadrangle, Hampshire County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 5-6, p. 782-786, tables, 1967. Survey Geophys. Inv. Map GP-628, scale 1:24,000, 1968. VonHueue, Roland. See Scholl, David W. 00693 02190 U.S. Geological Survey. Aeromagnetic map of the Fallen Leaf Lake quadrangle, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale about 1 in. to 1 mi., 1967. VonHueue, Rolaud. See Wright, F. F. 01193 Uzoma, J. U. See Miller, R. E. 01148 VonHuene, Roland. See Smith, George I. 01805 00957 VanAlstiue, R. E.; Sweeney, Johu W. Fluorspar, in Mineral resources of the VoaLimbach, Dora. See Wones, David R. 00838 Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 286-288, table, 1968. Waauaneu, A. O. See Robinson, T. W. 00177 01843 VanDenburgh, A. S. Solute balance and chloride enrichment at Abert and Summer Lakes, Oregon [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 227, 1968. 01464 Waanaaeu, Arvi O. Floods from small drainage areas in California, October 1959 to September 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 221 p., 1967. 00394 VanHorn, Richard. Soils on Upper Quaternary deposits near Denver, Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 00295 Waddell, K. M. Reconnaissance of the chemical quality of water in western D, p. D228-D232, illus., 1967. Utah Part 1, Sink Valley area, drainage basins of Skull, Rush, and Government Creek Valleys, and the Dugway Valley-Old River Bed area: Utah Geol. and 00608 VauHoru, Richard. Preliminary surficial geologic map and materials test data Mineralog. Survey Water-Resources Bull. 9, 15 p., illus., tables. 1967. of the Golden quadrangle, Jefferson County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 3 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 01430 Wagner, Holly C. Preliminary geologic map of the Sovth Bend quadrangle, Pacific County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 00653 VanHorn, Richard. Anatomy of a cave-in: Intermtn. Contractor, v. 18, no. 1967. 40, p. 44, 46, illus., 1967; reprinted in Utah Geol. and Mineralog. Survey Quart. Rev., v. 1, no. 14, p. 1-2, illus., 1967. 01431 Waguer, Holly C. Preliminary geologic map of the Raymond quadrangle, Pacific County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:62,500, 1967. VanReeuaa, E. D. See Moody, D. W. 00399 Wagner, Holly C. See Snavely, Parke D., Jr. 02009 VanSickle, G. H. See Thompson, C. E. 01009 Wahadan, Lufti. See Rodis, Harry G. 01107 01827 VaaSickle, Gordon H.; Lakin, Tubert W. An atomic-absorption method for the determination of gold in large samples of geologic materials: U.S. Geol. Survey Wahlberg, James S. See Mountjoy, Wayne. 01006 Circ. 561, 4 p., tables, 1968. 01579 Wahrhaftig, Clyde. Schists of the central Alaska Range: U.S. Geol. Survey 01313 vanVloteu, Roger. Interim results of geological investigations of chromite Bull. 1254-E, p. E1-E22, illus., 1968. deposits in the Nasai area, Hindubagh mining district. West Pakistan: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 22 p., illus., 1967. 00208 Waldrou, Howard H. Debris flow and erosion control problems caused by the ash eruptions of Irazu Volcano, Costa Rica: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1241-1, p. 01380 Varnes, D. J. Alaska Railroad Terminal Reserve, Anchorage Soil stability 11-137, illus..tables, 1967. study, stability in the vicinity of boring lines 1 and 2: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 40 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00785 Waldrou, Howard H. Geologic map of the Duwamish Htad quadrangle. King and Kitsap Counties, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-706, Vaughau, R. H. See Waters, A. C. 01606 scale 1:24,000, section, 1967. 00546 Vecchioli, John; Nichols, William D.; Nemickas, Broaius. Results of the second Waldrop, H. A. See Peterson, Fred. 01707 phase of the drought-disaster test-drilling program near Morristown, N. J.: New Jersey Div. Water Policy and Supply Water Resources Circ. 17, 23 p., illus., tables, 01955 Waldrop, H. A.; Suttou, R. L. Preliminary geologic map and coal deposits of 1967. the northwest quarter of the Nipple Butte quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: Utah Geol. and Mineralog. Survey Map 24-A, scale 1 in. to 1/2 mi., text, 1967. 00915 Vecchioli, John; Carswell, Louis D.; Kasabach, Haig F. Occurrence and movement of ground water in the Brunswick Shale, New Jersey [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 02024 Waldrop, H. A.; Sutton, R. L. Preliminary geologic mar and coal deposits of America, Northeastern Sec., 3d Ann. Mtg., Washington, D. C., 1968, Program, p. the northeast quarter of the Nipple Butte quadrangle, Kane County, Utah: Utah 60-61, 1968. Geol. and Mineralog. Survey Map 24-B, scale 1 in. to 1/2 mi., text, 1967. 01170 Vecchioli, John. Directional hydraulic behaviour of a fractured-shale aquifer 02025 Waldrop, H. A.; Petersou, Fred. Preliminary geologic map of the southeast in New Jersey [with French abs.]? IN Hydrology of fractured rocks Dubrovnik quarter of the Nipple Butte quadrangle, Kane County, Utah, and Coconino County, Symposium, 1965, Proc., V. 1: Internal. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology Pub. 73, p. 318- Arizona: Utah Geol. and Mineralog. Survey Map 24-C, scale 1 in. to 1/2 mi., 326, illus., 1967. 1967. 00092 Vedder, J. G.; Cower, H. D.; Clifton, H. E.; Durham, D. L. Reconnaissance 02026 Waldrop, H. A.; Suttou, R. L. Preliminary geologic mar and coal deposits of geologic map of the central San Rafael Mountains and vicinity, Santa Barbara the southwest quarter of the Nipple Butte quadrangle, Kare County, Utah, and County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-487, scale 1:48,000, Coconino County, Arizona: Utah Geol. and Mineralog. Su"vey Map 24-D, scale sections, 1967. 1 in. to 1/2 mi., text, 1967. 01377 Vedder, J. G.; Wallace, Rohert E. Map showing recently active breaks along Waldrop, H. A. See Peterson, Fred. 02042 the San Andreas and related faults between Cholame Valley and Tejon Pass, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1968. 02241 Waldrop, H. A. Late Quaternary normal faulting near Mirror Lake, Yellowstone National Park [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., 01765 Vedder, J. G. Cumulative slip and rate of movement on the San Andreas fault, Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 81-82, 1968. southeastern San Luis Obispo County, California [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 342-343, 1968. Walker, E. H. See Crosthwaite, E. G. 01402 01728 Vedder, John G.; Browu, Rohert D., Jr. Structural and stratigraphic relations 00121 Walker, George W.; Petersou, Norman V.; Greeue, Rohe't C. Reconnaissance along the Nacimiento fault in the southern Santa Lucia Range and San Rafael geologic map of the east half of the Crescent quadrangle, Lake, Deschutes, and PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A313

Crook Counties, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-493, scale 02213 Warren, D. H.; Jackson, W. H. Surface seismic measurements of th"; Project 1:250,000, section, 1967. Gasbuggy explosion at intermediate distance ranges: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 45 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00381 Walker, George W. Contraction jointing and vermiculitic alteration of an andesite flow near Lakeview, Oregon, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. Washington, Herbert. See Babad, Harry. 02160 D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D131-D134, illus., 1967. 01606 Waters, A. C.; Vaughan, R. H. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Ergle Rock 00532 Walker, George W.; Swanson, Donald A. Summary report on the geology and quadrangle. Crook County, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map I- mineral resources of the Harney Lake and Malheur Lake areas of the Malheur 540, scale 1:62,500, 1968. National Wildlife Refuge, north-central Harney County, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-L, p. L1-L17, illus., 1968. 02051 Waters, A. C. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Post quadrangle, Crook County, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-542, scale 1:62,500, 00533 Walker, George W.; Swanson, Donald A. Summary report on the geology and 1968. mineral resources of the Poker Jim Ridge and Fort Warner areas of the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Lake County, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey 00480 Watkins, Joel S.; Godson, Richard H.; Watson, Kenneth. Seismic defection of Bull. 1260-M,p.Ml-M16, illus., 1968. near-surface cavities: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 599-A, p. A1-A12, ill as., table, 1967. 00993 Walker, George W.; Swanson, Donald A. Laminar flowage in a Pliocene soda rhyolite ash-flow tuff. Lake and Harney Counties, Oregon, in Geological 01519 Watkins, Joel S. (editor). Investigation of in situ physical properties of surface Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B37- and subsurface site materials by engineering geophysical techniques Annual report, B47, illus., table, 1968. fiscal year 1965: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 151 p., illus., tables, 19*7.

Walker, William M. See Gibson, Thomas G. 00416 01520 Watkins, Joel S. (editor). Investigation of in situ physical properties of surface and subsurface materials by engineering geophysical techniques Quarterly report, 01307 Wall, J. R.; Moreland, J. A.; Cordes, E. H. An investigation of potential salt­ Oct 1, 1965-Dec. 31, 1965: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 97 p., illus., tables, water intrusion from inland waterways in the shallow alluvial and coastal deposits 1967. of Sunset and Bolsa Gaps, Orange County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report, 66 p., illus., 1967. 01891 Watkins, Joel S.; Whitcomb, James H. Thumper final report, ALS1P active seismic experiment: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 72 p., illus., tables, 1968. Wallace, R. E. See Silberling, N. J. 00254 Watson, Kenneth. See Watkins, Joel S. 00480 00781 Wallace, R. E.; Moxham, R. M. Use of infrared imagery in study of the San Andreas fault system, California, I'M Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: 01221 Watson, Kenneth. Proposed lunar heat flow measurement from a polar orbiting U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D147-D156, illus., 1967. satellite: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 12, p. 3301-3302, 1967.

01308 Wallace, R. E.; Tatlock, D. B. Geologic maps and section of the Red Bird 01580 Watson, Kenneth. Photoclinometry from spacecraft images: U.S. Geol. Survey quicksilver mine, Pershing County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, Prof. Paper 599-B, p. B1-B10, illus., 1968. I sheet, 1967. 01982 Watson, Kenneth. Reflection and emission studies of the lunar surface [abs.]: Wallace, Robert E. See Vedder, J. G. 01377 Internat. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 357, 1968.

01558 Wallace, Robert E. Earthquake of August 19, 1966, Varto area, eastern Turkey: 00296 Watts, Frederick J.; Simons, Daryl B.; Richardson, Everett V. Variations of a Seismol. Soc. America Bull., v. 58, no. 1, p. 11-45, illus., 1968. and ft values in a lined open channel: Am. Soc. Civil Engineers Proc., v. 93, paper 5593, Jour. Hydraulics Div., no. HY 6, p. 217-234, 1967. 01651 Wallace, Robert E.; Slemmons, David B. Possible applications of remote-sensing techniques and satellite communications for earthquake studies: United States 01384 Watts, H. V.; Goldman, H. J. Vacuum ultraviolet measurements of reflectance Japan Conf. on Research Related to Earthquake Prediction, 2d, Proc., p. 70-72, and luminescence from various rock samples: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report 1966. (Interagency Rept. NASA-96), 24 p., illus., table, 1967.

Wallace, Robert E. See Brown, Robert D., Jr. 01716 01521 Watts, H. V.; Goldman, H. J. Visible and ultraviolet reflectance and luminescence from various Saudi Arabian and Indiana limestone rocks: U.S. Geol. 01729 Wallace, Robert E. Notes on stream channels offset by the San Andreas fault, Survey open-file report, 33 p., illus., tables, 1967. southern Coast Ranges, California, I'M Proceedings of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. Wayland, Russell G. See Smith, Merritt B. 00205 11, p. 6-21, 1968. 01635 Wayland, Rnssell G.; Bailey, Andrew V.; Gazdik, William B. Federal mineral 01743 Wallace, Robert E. San Andreas fault Problems and progress [abs.]: Geol. leasing, I'M Mining Symposium, 28th Ann., and AIME, Minnesota Sec., 40th Ann. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 234, 1968. Mtg., Duluth, 1967: Minneapolis, Minn., Univ. Minnesota, School Mineral and Metall. Eng., p. 65-67, 1967. 02218 Wallace, Robert E. Examples of subhorizontal faults of possible importance in seismic interpretations [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 343, 1968. 01636 Wayland, Rnssell G. Statement during hearings on "Competitive aspects of oil shale development" before U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly: 01326 Waller, R. M. Water-sediment ejections of the 1964 Alaska earthquake: U.S. U.S. Cong., 90th, 1st sess.. Senate Comm. Judiciary, Comm. Print, pt. 1, p. 70- Geol. Survey open-file report, 45 p., illus., 1967. 87, 1967.

Walter, G. L. See Noehre, A. W. 00547 01637 Wayland, Rnssell G. Is the mineral locatable or leasable?: Mining Ccng. Jour., v. 53, p. 36-40, 1967. 01873 Walters, Kenneth L.; Kimmel, Grant E. Ground-water occurrence and stratigraphy of unconsolidated deposits, central Pierce County, Washington: 00313 Wayman, Cooper H. Adsorption on clay mineral surfaces, I'M Principles and Washington Dept. Water Resources Water Supply Bull. 22, 428 p., illus., tables, applications of water chemistry Rudolfs Research Conf., 4th, Rutgers Univ., Proc.: 1968. New York and London, Jqhn Wiley and Sons, p. 127-167, illus., table, 1967. Wanek, A. A. See Read, Charles B. 00655 Weakly, E. C. See Smith, F. A. 01860 Wanek, Alexander A. See Cobb, Edward H. 00531 01526 Webber, E. E.; Mayo, R. I. Floods at Jackson, Ohio: U.S. Geol. Sur'ey open- Wanek, Alexander A. See Callahan, James E. 01359 file report, 9 p., illus., 1968. 00397 Ward, F. N.; Nakagawa, H. M. Atomic absorption determination of bismuth Webber, E. E. See Mayo, R. I. 01527 in altered rocks, I'M Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D239-D241, tables, 1967. Webster, Jacqneline. See Schlee, John. 00878 Ward, John R. See Bayne, Charles K. 00521 00451 Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. The Morro do Ferro thorium and rare-earth deposit, Pocos de Caldas district, Brazil: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1185-D, p. D1-D34, illus., Warner, Jeffrey. See Hussey, Arthur M. 00672 tables, 1967. Warren, Charles R. See Denny, Charles S. 01954 00956 Wedow, Helmuth, Jr.; Stansfield, Robert G. Fertilizer raw materials, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 281- Warren, D. H. See Borcherdt, R. D. 01336 286, illus., tables, 1968. 01897 Warren, D. H.; Healy, J. H.; H offman, J. C.; Kempe, Reinis; Ranula, 00967 Wedow, Helmuth, Jr.; Sweeney, John W. Talc, soapstone, pyrophyllite, and Srinivasreddy; Stnart, D. J. Project Early Rise Traveltimes and amplitudes: U.S. sericite schist, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Survey open-file report, 150 p., illus., tables, 1968. Prof. Paper 580, p. 355-361, illus., tables, 1968. A314 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

00968 Wedow, Helmuth, Jr.; Hobbs, Robert G. Zirconium, in Mineral resources of West, S. W. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00605 the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 361-364, illus., table, 1968. West, S. W. See Baltz, E. H., Jr. 00606

00970 Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. Cadmium, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: West, Walter S. See Cohee, George V. 00566 U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 372, 1968. Whitaker, E. A. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00695 00985 Wedow, Helmath, Jr.; Heyl, Alien V.; Sweeney, John W. Zinc and lead, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, Whitaker, E. A. See Shoemaker, E. M. 00828 p. 450-460, illus., tables, 1968. 01202 Whitcomb, Harold A.; Lowry, Marlin E. Ground-water resources and geology Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. See Carpenter, Robert H. 01768 of the Wind River basin area, central Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-270, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000, sections, separate text, 1968. 01773 Wedow, Helmnth, Jr.; Carpenter, Robert H.; Lehr, James R. Phosphorite in the Precambrian Ocoee Series of the East Fork manganese district, Sevier County, Whitcomb, James H. See Watkins, Joel S. 01891 Tennessee [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 380, 1968. White, Amos M. See Overstreet, William C. 01112 Weeks, Alice M. D. See Eargle, D. Hoye. 01994 01191 White, D. E.; Muffler, L. J. P.; Truesdell, A. H.; Fouraier, R. O. Preliminary 00931 Weeks, R. A.; Zahnizer, R. D.; Chute, G. L. Geography, in Mineral resources results of research drilling in Yellowstone thermal areas [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 27-37, illus., Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 358, 1968. tables, 1968. 01901 White, D. E.; Fournier, R. O.; Muffler, L. J. P.; Truesdell A. H. Geothermal Weiblen, Panl W. See Ross, Malcolm. 00879 studies Yellowstone National Park (Test Site 11), Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 9 p., illus., 1968. 00623 Weigle, James M. Ground-wter resources of the lower Merrimack River valley, south-central New Hampshire: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas HA-277, scale White, D. E. See Truesdell, A. H. 01981 1:62,500, text, 1968. White, D. E. See Fournier, R. O. 01999 00335 Weir, Gordon W. Geologic map of the Berea quadrangle, east-central Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-649, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. White, D. E. See Muffler, L. J. P. 02003 Weir, Gordon W. See Peck, John H. 01639 02242 White, D. E.; Muffler, L. J. P.; Truesdell, A. H.; Fonrnier, R. O. Preliminary Weir,J.E. See Rogers, C. L. 01092 results of drilling in Yellowstone thermal areas [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 84, 1968. 00959 Weis, Paul L.; Feitler, Stanley A. Graphite, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 580, p. 303-307, illus., tables, White, D. E. See Fournier, R. O. 02246 1968. White, Donald E. See Skinner, Brian J. 00152 00529 Weissenborn, A. E.; Snavely, Parke D., Jr. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles, and Copalis National 00202 White, Donald E. Mercury and base-metal deposits with associated thermal and Wildlife Refuges, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-F, p. F1-F16, illus., mineral waters, [Chap.] 13 in Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits (H. L. geol. map, 1968. Barnes, editor): New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 575-631, illus., tables, 1967. 00550 Weissenborn, A. E.; Snavely, Parke D., Jr. Summary report on the geology and mineral resources of the Three Arch Rocks National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon: U.S. 00511 White, Donald E. Some principles of geyser activity, mainly from Steamboat Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-H, p. H1-H6, illus., 1968. Springs, Nevada: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 265, no. 8, p. 641-684, illus., tables, 1967. 00810 Weissenborn, A. E.; Snavely, Parke D., Jr. Summary report on the geology and 00833 White, Donald E. Summary of the geology and isotope geochemistry of mineral resources of the Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon: U.S. Steamboat Springs area, Nevada, in Nuclear geology on geothermal areas, Spoleto, Geol. Survey Bull. 1260-G, p. G1-G4, illus., 1968. 1963: Pisa, Italy, Consiglio Naz. Ricerche, Lab. Geol. Nuclear?, p. 9-16, 1967. 00845 Weld, Betsy A.; Griffin, Margaret S.; Brett, George W. Reports and maps of 00873 White, Donald E. Hydrology, activity, and heat flow of tl e Steamboat Springs the Geological Survey released only in the open files, 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey thermal system, Washoe County, Nevada: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 458-C, Circ. 528. 14 p., 1967. p. C1-C109, illus., tables, geol. maps, 1968. Welder, F. A. See Coffin, D. L. 01878 01127 White, Donald E. Outline of thermal and mineral waters as related to origin of Mississippi Valley ore deposits, in Genesis ofstratiform lead-zinc-barite-fluorite 01697 Wells, J. D.; Stoiser, L. R.; Erickson, R. L. Geology and mineralogy of the deposits (Mississippi Valley type deposits) A symposium. New York, 1966: Econ. Cortez gold prospect, Nevada [abs.]: Inst. Mining and Metallurgy Trans., v. 76, Geology Mon. 3, p. 379-381, 1967. Sec. B, Bull. 732, p. B232, 1967; Mining Eng., v. 19, no. 12, p. 40, 1967; Econ. Geology, v. 63, no. 1, p. 89, 1968. White, Donald E. See Clayton, R. N. 01175 Wentworth, C. M. See Campbell, R. H. 01846 01766 White, Donald E. Geothermal energy [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 345, 1968. 01730 Wentworth, Carl M. Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata near Gualala, California, and inferred large right slip on the San Andreas fault, in Proceedings White, Donald E. See Schoen, Robert. 01802 of conference on geologic problems of the San Andreas fault system: Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 11, p. 130-143, 1968. White, George W. See Goldthwait, Richard P. 00213 Werner, Marian A. See Hill, Thelma P. 00081 White, John S., Jr. See Yochelson, Ellis L. 00375 02162 Wershaw, R. L.; Burcar, P. J.; Sntula, C. L.; Wiginton, B. J. Sodium humate White, Natalie D. See Arteaga, F. E. 01869 studied with small-angle X-ray scattering: Science, v. 157, no. 3795, p. 1429-1431, 1967. White, R. See McGehee, R. V. 01419 02173 Wershaw, R. L.; Burcar, P. J.; Pinckney, D. J.; Heller, S. J. The interaction White, Richard W. See Leo, Gerhard W. 01373 of pesticides with natural organic materials: Weed Soc. America, 8th Mtg., 1968, Program, 1968. 02219 Whitebread, Donald H. Snake Range decollement and re'ated structures in the southern Snake Range, eastern Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper Wertman, W. T. See Manger, G. Edward. 00032 101, p. 345-346, 1968. Werts, L. L. See Read, Charles B. 00824 Whitehead, R. L. See Sisco, H. G. 01269 Werts, Larry. See Beaumont, Edward C. 00834 Whitehead, R. L. See Sisco, H. G. 01270 00191 Wesselman, J. B. Ground-water resources of Jasper and Newton Counties, 00718 Whitlow, Jesse W. Preliminary report of a mineral reconnaissance in the Al Texas: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 59, 167 p., illus., tables, 1967. Maddah-Harfayn area, Asir quadrangle, Saudi Arabia: U.F. Geol. Survey open- file report, 4 p., illus., 1968. 01926 West, M. N.; Cannon, P. Jan. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse IH-11-8 and vicinity: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. Whitlow, Jesse W. See Overstreet, William C. 01112 West, S. W. See Baltz, Elmer H. 00415 Whitman, H. M. See Harder, A. H. 00285 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A315

00681 Whit more, Frank C., Jr. Introduction, in "The changing earth", by J. Viorst: 01898 Williams, Kenneth F. Sediment discharge of Conestoga Creek at Lancaster, Pa., New York, Bantam Books, p. ix-x, 1967. January 1962 to September 1964: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 36 p., illus., table, 1968. 00192 Whitmore, George D. (chairman). International conferences on surveying, mapping, and photogrammetry, 1961-1964: Rev. Cartografica, v. 15, no. 15, p. 01021 Williams, Owen O. Reservoir effect on downstream water temperatures in the 201-213, 1966. upper Delaware River basin, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600-B, p. B195-B199, illus., table, 1968. 00364 Whitmore, George D. Cartographic activities of the U.S. Geological Survey in Antarctica: Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 2, no. 5 p. 204, 1967. Williams, Paul L. See Schmidt, Dwight L. 00517

01834 Whitmore, George D. Topographic mapping Field operations, 1966-67: 00813 Williams, R. C. Sediment in streams, in Water resources of King County, Antarctic Jour. U.S., v. 11, no. 4, p. 118-119, 1967. Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1852, p. 48-52, illus., 1968.

00059 Whittingtoit, Charles L.; Perm, John C. Geologic map of the Grayson Williams, Richard S. Se Friedman, Jules D. 01612 quadrangle, Carter County, Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GO- 640, scale 1:24,000, section, text, 1967. Williams, William P. See Fernald, Arthur T. 01786 Wier, K. L. See James, H. L. 02045 01928 Wilshire, H. G. Preliminary geologic map of Lunar Orbiter site II-P-11: U.S. 01917 Wiesnet, Donald R.; Cotton, John E. Use of infrared imagery in circulation Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:100,000, 1968. studies of the Merrimack River estuary, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open- file report (Tech. Letter NASA-78), 4 p., illus., 1967. Wilson, Alphonso. See Henderson, Roland G. 00600 Wiginton, B. J. See Wershaw, R. L. 02162 00528 Wilson, Clyde A. Ground-water resources of Austin and Waller Counties, Texas: Texas Water Devel. Board Rept. 68, 219 p., illus., 1967. Wigley, R.R. L. See Emery, K. O. 01571 00402 Wilson, K. V. A preliminary study of the effect of urbanization on floods in 00073 Wiitala, S. W.; Newport, T. G.; Skinner, E. L. Water resources of the Marquette Jackson, Mississippi, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Iron Range area, Michigan: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1842, 142 p., Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D259-D261, illus., 1967. illus., tables, geol. map, 1967. Wilson, Richard F. See McKee, Edwin D. 00217 01627 Wilcox, Ray E.; Izett, Glen A. Optic angle determined conoscopically on the spindle stage Pt. 1, Micrometer ocular method: Am. Mineralogist, v. 53, no. 1, Wilson, Richard F. See Wrucke, Chester T. 01310 p. 269-277, 1968. Wilson, V. P. See Schlee, John S. 01815 Wildey, Robert L. See Saslaw, William C. 00179 Wilson, William E. See Thomas, Chester E., Jr. 00476 00488 Wildey, Robert L. The nocturnal heat sources of the surface of the Moon [abs.]: Astron. Jour., v. 72, p. 837, 1967. Wilson, William E. See Thomas, Mendall P. 00477 01192 Wildey, Robert L. Structure of the Jovian disk in the v2 NH3 band at X 100,000 Wilson, William H. See Peselnick, Louis. 01566 A [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 251, 1968. 01864 Winner, M. D., Jr.; Forhes, M. J., Jr.; Broussard, W. L. Water resources of 01222 Wildey, Robert L. Spatial filtering of astronomical photographs: Astron. Soc. PointeCoupee Parish, Louisiana: Louisiana Geol. Survey and Dept. Pub'ic Works Pacific Pubs., v. 79, p. 220-225, 1967. Water Resources Bull. 11, 110 p., illus., tables, 1968. 01589 Wildey, Robert L. The M supergiants of h and x Persei, in Colloquium on Winograd, I. J. See Thordarson, William. 01432 late type stars (M. Hack, editor): Trieste, Italy, Osservatorio Astonomic di Trieste, p. 405-415, 1967. 01807 Winograd, Isaac J.; Thordarson, William. Structural control of grornd-water movement in miogeosynclinal rocks of south-central Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 01590 Wildey, Robert L. Spatial filtering of astronomical photographs, [Pt.] 2, Theory: America Spec. Paper 101, p. 427, 1968. Royal Astron. Soc. Astron Jour., v. 72, p. 884-886, 1967. Winter, T. C. See Maclay, R. W. 00752 01927 Wilhelms, D. E. Preliminary geologic map of Ellipse II-2-1 and vicinity: Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:25,000, 1968. 02193 Winter, T. C.; Maclay, R. W.; Pike, G. M. Water resources of thi Roseau River watershed, northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrol. Inv. Atlas Wilhelms, Don E. See Morris, Elliot C. 00096 HA-241, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000, 1967. 01605 Wilhelms, Don E. Geologic map of the Mare Vaporum quadrangle of the Moon: 01595 Winter, Thomas C. Linear sand and gravel deposits in the subsurface of Glacial U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-548 (LAC-59), section, text, 1968. Lake Agassiz, in Life, land and water Conference on environmental studies of the Glacial Lake Agassiz region, 1966, Proc.: Manitoba Univ. Dept. Anthropology 01970 Wilhelms, Donald E. Stratigraphy of the Moon from Earth-based telescope Occasional Paper 1, p. 141-154, illus., 1967. observations [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968 Abstracts, p. 357-358, 1968. 00945 Withington, C. F.; Fish, George E., Jr. Gypsum and anhydrite, ir Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 58C, p. 206- Wilkie, Lorna C. See Cohee, George V. 00566 210, illus., tables, 1968. 00374 Willden, Ronald; Kistler, Ronald W. Ordovician tectonism in the Ruby 01091 Withington, C. F. Geology Its role in the development and planning of Mountains, Elko County, Nevada, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: metropolitan Washington: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 57, no. 7, p. 189-199, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D64-D75, illus., 1967. illus., 1967. 00735 Willden, Ronald; Thomas, Herman H.; Stern, T. W. Oligocene or younger thrust 00723 Wolcott, Don E. Preliminary structure map of the Little Hickman qradrangle, faulting in the Ruby Mountains, northeastern Nevada: Geol. Soc. America Bull., central Kentucky: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, scale 1:24,000, 1968. v. 78, no. 11, p. 1345-1357, illus., tables, 1967. 00747 Wolcott, Don E. Geology of the Hot Springs quadrangle. Fall River and Custer Willden, Ronald. See Gibbs, J. F. 01001 Counties, South Dakota: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1063-K, p. 427-442, if us., geol. map, 1967. 01767 Willden, Ronald; Kistler, Ronald W. Isoclinally folded eastern facies rocks of the Antler erogenic belt in the central Ruby Mountains, Nevada [abs.]: Geol. Soc. 00112 Wolfe, Jack A.; Leopold, Estella B. Neogene and early Quaternary vegetation America Spec. Paper 101, p. 346-347, 1968. of northwestern North America and northeastern Asia, in The Bering Land Bridge (D. M. Hopkins, editor): Stanford, Calif., Stanford Univ. Press, p. 193-206, illus., Willey, Richard E. See Williams, John R. 01309 1967. Williams, Charles C. See Jungmann, William L. 00917 01067 Wolfe, Jack A. Paleogene biostratigraphy of nonmarine rocks in Kin;-; County, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 571, 33 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00207 Williams, Garnett P. Flume experiments on the transport of a coarse sand: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 562-B, p. B1-B31, illus., tables, 1967. 00574 Wolff, R. G. X-ray and chemical study of weathering glauconi*e: Am. Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 7-8, p. 1129-1138, illus., tables, 1967. Williams, J. S. See Poole, F. G. 00745 00682 Wollenberg, Harold A.; Smith, Alan R.; Bailey, Edgar H. Radioactivity of Upper Williams, James Steele. See McKelvey, V. E. 00587 Mesozoic graywackes in the northern Coast Ranges, California: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 72, no. 16, p. 4139-4150, illus., table, 1967. 01309 Williams, John R.; Willey, Richard E. Northern part. Ten Mile and Taunton River basins, Massachusetts: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report (Massachusetts 00838 Wones, David R.; Tatlock, Donald B.; vonLimbach, Dora. Coexisting orthoclase Basic-Data Kept. 10, Ground-Water Ser.), 56 p., illus., tables, 1967. and microcline in altered volcanic rocks, West Humboldt Range, Pershin?, County, A316 PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968

Nevada: Schweizer. Mineralog. u. Petrog. Mitt., v. 47, no. 1, p. 169-176, table, 01971 Yates, Robert G. The Trans-Idaho discontinuity, a major tectonic feature in 1967. northwestern United States [abs.]: Internal. Geol. Cong., 23d, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1968, Abstracts, p. 38, 1968. 00884 Wones, David R. A low pressure investigation of the stability of phlogopite: Geochim. etCosmochim. Acta, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2248-2253, illus., tables, 1967. 01395 Yeend, Warren E.; Donnell, John R. Geologic map of the Rulison quadrangle, Garfield County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file re-»ort, 2 sheets, scale 01744 Wones, David R.; Dodge, F. C. W. On the stability of phlogpite [abs.]: Geol. 1:24,000, 1968. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 242, 1968. Yeend, Warren E. See Donnell, John R. 01396 Woo.C. C. See Ruane, Paul J. 01338 Yeend, Warren E. See Donnell, John R. 01397 Woo, C. C. See Ruane, Paul J. 01339 Yeend, Warren E. See Donnell, John R. 01398 Woo, C. C. See Ruane, Paul J. 01340 Woo, C. C. See Ruane, Paul J. 01341 Yeend, Warren E. See Donnell, John R. 01399 01599 Wood, Gordon H., Jr.; Trexler, J. Peter; Yelenosky, Andy. Geologic map of Yeend, Warren E. See Donnell, John R. 01400 the Minersville quadrangle, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-690, scale 1:24,000, sections, 1968. 01422 Yeend, Warren E. Quaternary geology of the Grand-Battlement Mesa area, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 145 p., illus., tab'es, geol. map, 1967. 02031 Wood, Gordon H., Jr.; Kehn, Thomas M. Geologic map of the Swatara Hill quadrangle, Schuylkill and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. 01808 Yeend, Warren E. Fabric analyses of till, mudflow, and landslide deposits. Grand Quad. Map GQ-689, scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. Mesa area, western Colorado [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 428, 1968. 02032 Wood, Gordon H., Jr.; Kehn, Thomas M. Geologic map of the Pine Grove quadrangle, Schuylkill, Lebanon, and Berks Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. 01809 Yeend, Warren E. Quaternary glaciation of Grand Mesa ana, western Colorado Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-691, scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 428, 1968.

02033 Wood, Gordon H., Jr.; Trexler, J. Peter. Geologic map of the Tremont Yeend, Warren E. See Peterson, Donald W. 01945 quadrangle, Schuylkill and Northumberland Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-692, scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. Yelenosky, Andy. See Wood, Gordon H., Jr. 01599 02034 Wood, Gordon H., Jr. Geologic map of the Tower City quadrangle, Schuylkill, Dauphin, and Lebanon Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Yellan, M. J. See Kane, M. F. 01583 Map GO-698, scale 1:24,000, section, 1968. 00014 Yerkes, R. F.; Gorsline, D. S.; Rusnak, G. A. Origin of Redondo submarine Wood, Gordon H., Jr. See Trexler, J. Peter. 02035 canyon, southern California, in Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. C: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-C, p. C97-C105, illus., 1967. Wood, Gordon H., Jr. See Trexler, J. Peter. 02036 Yerkes, R. F. See Campbell, R. H. 01846 01121 Wood, P. R.; Burton, L. C. Ground-water resources in Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties: Oklahoma Geol. Survey Circ. 71, 75 p., illus., tables, 1968. 00542 Yochelson, E. L. A bibliographic index of North American late Paleozoic Hyolitha, Amphineura, Scaphopoda, and Gastropoda: U.S Geol. Survey Bull. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. See U.S. Geological Survey. 01271 1210,271 p., 1967. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. See U.S. Geological Survey. 01273 00554 Yochelson, E. L. Biostratigraphy of the Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 313-D, p. 571-660, illus., tables, 1968. 02243 Worl, Ronald C. Migmatites of the Three Waters area, northern Wind River Mountains, Wyoming [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Rocky Mtn. Sec., 21st Ann. Mtg., 00375 Yochelson, Ellis L.; White, John S., Jr.; Gordon, Mackenzie, Jr. Aragonite and Bozeman, Mont., 1968, Program, p. 85-86, 1968. calcite in mollusks from the Pennsylvanian Kendrick Shale (of Jillson) in Kentucky, i/i Geological Survey research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575- 00314 Wonllet, Geraldine M.; Skibitzke, Herbert E. Geometry of DME circles for aerial D, p. D76-D78, table, 1967. surveying [abs.]: Photogramm. Eng., v. 33, no. 6, p. 687, 1967. 00607 Yochelson, Ellis L. Charts showing distribution and abundance of fossils in the 01193 Wright, F. F.; vonHuene, Roland; Lathram, Ernest H. Tectonic features of the Phosphoria, Park City, and Shedhorn Formations in Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and continental shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Montana: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 8 sheets, 1968. Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 207, 1968. 01028 Yochelson, Ellis L. Review of "Exploration and empire The explorer and the Wright, T. L. See Decker, R. W. 00147 scientist in the winning of the American west," by Will'am H. Goetzmann: Geotimes, v. 13, no. 4, p. 37-38, 1968. Wright, T. L. See Shaw, H. R. 01075 Yochelson, Ellis L. See Carriker, Melbourne R. 01556 Wright, Thomas L. See Cater, Fred W. 00249 01832 Yochelson, Ellis L. On the nature of Polylopia: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 01557 Wright, Thomas L.; Kinoshita, Willie T.; Peck, Dallas L. The March 1965 593-F,p. F1-F7, illus., 1968. eruption of Kilauea Volcano and the formation of Makaopuhi lava lake: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 73, no. 10, p. 3181-3205, illus., 1968. Yotsukura, Nobuhiro. See Fischer, Hugo B. 01868 Wright, Thomas L. See Peck, Dallas L. 01705 Young, E.J. See Bowes, W. A. 01990 Wright, W. B. See Carr, M. S. 00440 01581 Young, Edward J. Spectrographic data on cores from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico: Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, v. 32, no. 4, p. 466 471, 1968. 00975 Wright, Wilna B.; Gnild, Philip W.; Fish, George E., Jr.; Sweeney, John W. Iron and steel, in Mineral resources of the Appalachian region: U.S. Geol. Survey 00101 Yonng, L. E.; Crnff, R. W. Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United Prof. Paper 580, p. 396-416, illus., tables, 1968. States Pt. 11, Pacific slope basins in California V. 2, Klamath and Smith River basins and Central Valley drainage from the east: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply 00995 Wrucke, Chester T.; Sheridan, Douglas M. Precambrian rocks penetrated by Paper 1686, 308 p., illus., tables, 1967. the deep disposal well at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Adams County, Colorado, in Geological Survey research 1968, Chap. B: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 600- Young, L. E. See Culbertson, D. M. 01454 B, p. B52-B59, illus., table, 1968. Young, R. A. See Thordarson, William. 01432 01031 Wrncke, Chester T.; Armbrustmacher, Theodore J. Geochemical anomalies near Gold Acres and Tenabo, Lander County, north-central Nevada [abs.]: Mining Eng., 00837 Zablocki, C. J. Electrical properties of some iron formations and adjacent rocks v. 19, no. 12, p. 37, 1967; Econ. Geology, v. 63, no. 1, p. 88, 1968. in the Lake Superior region, in Mining geophysics V. 1, Case histories: Tulsa, Okla., Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, p. 465-492, 1966. 01310 Wrucke, Chester T.; Wilson, Richard F. Geologic map of the Boulder quadrangle. Boulder County, Colorado: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 Zahnizer, R. D. See Weeks, R. A. 00931 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Zapnta, Hugo. See Jacobson, Herbert S. 01287 01967 Wyatt, Eddie R. Oil-potash area of southeastern New Mexico: Landman, v. 13, p. 44-46, 64-69, 1968. 00385 Zartman, R. E.; Stern, T. W. Isotopic age and geologh relationships of the Little Elk Granite, northern Black Hills, South Dakota, in Geological Survey 01450 Yates, Robert G.; Thompson, George A. Terlingua quicksilver district, Brewster research 1967, Chap. D: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575-D, p. D157-D163, County, Texas: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 3 p., 1967. illus., tables, 1967. PUBLICATIONS IN FISCAL YEAR 1968 A317

00492 Zartman, R. E.; Brock, M. R.; Heyl, A. V.; Thomas, H. H. K-Ar and Rb- Zietz, Isidore. See Henderson, Roland G. 00598 Sr ages of some alkalic intrusive rocks from central and eastern United States: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 265, no. 10, p. 848-870, illus., tables, 1967. Zietz, Isidore. See Henderson, Roland G. 00599 Zarndzki, E. F. K. See Emery, K. O. 00758 00698 Zietz, Isidore; Andreasen, G. E. Remanent magnetization and aeromagnetic interpretation, in Mining geophysics V. 2, Theory: Tulsa, Okla., Soc. Explor. Zarza, Ray. See Ruane, Paul J. 01338 Geophysicists, p. 569-590, illus., tables, 1967. Zarza, Ray. See Ruane, Paul J. 01339 01194 Zietz, Isidore; Taylor, Patrick T.; Dennis, Leonard S. Structural implications for the eastern continental margin of the United States from aeromagnetic data Zarza, Ray. See Ruane, Paul J, 01340 [abs.]: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 49, no. 1, p. 330, 1968. Zarza, Ray. See Ruane, PaulJ. 01341 01494 Zietz, Isidore; Hearn, Carter; Plonff, Donald. Preliminary interpretation of aeromagnetic and gravity data near the Large Aperture Seismic Array, Montana: Zeller, H. D. See Peterson, Fred. 01707 U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 23 p., illus., 1968. 01420 Zeller, Howard D. Preliminary geologic map of the Carcass Canyon quadrangle, Zietz, Isidore. See Kane, M. F. 01583 Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah; coal sections . . ., Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 01844 Zietz, Isidore; King, Elizabeth R.; Griscom, Andrew; Lorentzen, George R. Aeromagnetic investigation of crustal structure for a transcontinental strip across 01421 Zeller, Howard D. Preliminary geologic map of the Canaan Creek quadrangle, the western United States [abs.]: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Paper 101, p. 245, 1968. Garfield County, Utah: coal sections . . ., Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1967. 00193 Zimmerman, Everett A. Water resources of the Cut Bank area, Glacier and Toole Counties, Montana: Montana Bur. Mines and Geology Bull. 60, 37 p., illus., 01449 Zeller, Howard D. Preliminary geologic map of the Dave Canyon quadrangle, tables, geol. map, 1967. Garfield County, Utah; coal sections . . ., Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, 1967. Ziony, Joseph I. See Kleinhampl, Frank J. 01289

00431 Zen, E-an. Mixed-layer minerals as one-dimensional crystals: Am. Ziony, Joseph I. See Kleinhampl, Frank L. 01795 Mineralogist, v. 52, nos. 5-6, p. 635-660, illus., tables, 1967. Zohdy, Adel A. R. See Peterson, Donald L. 01296 00491 Zen, E-an. Some topologic relationships in multisystems of n +3 phases [Pt.] 2, Unary and binary metastable sequences: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 265, no. 10, p. 871- 01379 Zohdy, Adel A. R.; Jackson, Dallas B. Ground-water exploration using the 897, illus., 1967. resistivity method on the Hawaiian Islands of Oahu and Hawaii: U.S. Geol. Survey open-file report, 38 p., illus., 1968. 00654 Zen, E-an. Application of one-dimensional lattice model to mixed-layer muscovite-montmorillonite [abs.], in Clays and clay minerals Clay Minerals Conf,, Zoltai, Tibor. See Papike, J. J. 00821 15th, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1966, Proc.: London and New York, Pergamon Press (Internal. Ser. Mons. Earth Sci., V. 27), p. 49, 1967.

PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Absolute age, dates Alaska Alaska Igneous rocks Earthquakes Glacial geology Circum-Pacific area, K-Ar, application to March 1964, Montague Island, effects: Cluff, Walsh Glacier, related glaciers, surge 1966: paleomagnetism: Dalrymple, G. Lloyd S. 00892 Post, Austin. 00573 Brent. 00127 March 1964, Montague Island, surface faults: Yukon-Tanana upland, cirques: Pewe. Troy Interpretation Plafker, George. 00553 L. 00095 Human evolution, validity controls: Pecora, March 1964, south-central, effects: Eckel, Hydrogeology William T. 00674 Edwin B. 00076 Ocean Cape, ground-water resources, Polarity epoch boundaries, K-Ar: Cox, Allan. March 1964, water-sediment ejections: infiltration gallery technique: Feulner, 00129 Waller, R.M. 01326 AlvinJ. 00031 Minerals Economic geology Maps, floods Apatite, sphene, fission track: Naeser, C. W. Coal, Cape Lisburne-Colville River region: Fairbanks area, August 1967: Childers, 01246 Barnes, Farrell F. 00106 Joseph M. 00332 Absolute age, methods Gold and other metals, Chulitna district, Maps, geologic Fission track upper, occurrence: Hawley, C. C. 01829 Eagle B-l andC-1 quadrangles: Foster, Apatite and sphene, techniques: Naeser, C. Gold, Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula, placer Helen L. 01882 W. 01246 deposits: Richter, Donald H. 01883 Hooper Bay quadrangle: Hoare, J. M. 00850 Hydration-rim Metals, lode deposits: Berg, Henry C. 00503 Iliamna quadrangle: Detterman, Robert L. History, status: Friedman, Irving. 01641 Metals, McGrath A-2 quadrangle. Bowser 01480 Lead-lead Creek: Reed, Bruce L. 01102 Mendenhall Valley, surficial: Barnwell, Instruments, spectrometer, gas-source: Mineral resources, Fairbanks district, mines William W. 00624 Stacey, J. S. 00807 and prospects: Chapman, Robert M. 01264 Selawik and southeastern Baird Mts. Potassium-argon Mineral resources, Glacier Bay National quadrangles: Patton, William W., Jr. Human evolution, validity controls: Pecora, Monument: MacKevett, E. M., Jr. 01293 01150 William T. 00674 Oil shale, Arctic Slope, possibilities: Donnell, Shungnak and southern Ambler River Uranium series John R. 00686 quadrangles: Patton, William W., Jr. Pleistocene samples, open system model: Oil shale, Brooks Range, possibilities: 02047 Rosholt, J. N., Jr. 02171 Tourtelot, Harry A. 01841 Tanacross quadrangle: Foster, Helen L. 01881 Africa Oil shale, northern, geochemistry, oil yield: Maps, geomorphologic A real geology Tourtelot, Harry A. 00877 Yukon-Tanana upland, Quaternary Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01338 Petroleum and natural gas, resources: Gates, glaciation, extent: Pewe, Troy L. 00095 Alabama George O. 01875 Maps, gravity Hydrogeology Platinum: Mertie, John B., Jr. 01413 Progress: Barnes, David F. 01614 Barbour County, aquifers: Newton, J. G. Tin, Serpentine-Kougarak area, cassiterite in Maps, ground water 00172 gold placers: Sainsbury, C. L. 01943 Mendenhall Valley: Barnwell, William W. Marshall County: Sanford, Thomas H., Jr. Engineering geology 00624 01164 Earthquakes, foundations, Alaskan Railroad, Maps, index Talladega County, ground-water resources: 1964 damage: McCulloch, David S. 00216 Geologic: Cobb, Edward H. 00883 Causey, Lawson V. 00156 Soil stability, Anchorage area: Varnes, D. J. Maps, mineral resources Maps, ground water 01380 Bendeleben quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Barbour County: Newton, J. G. 00172 Urban planning, application of geology: Edward H. 01352 Geneva County: Scott, J. C. 01872 Dobrovolny, Ernest. 01996 Big Delta quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Fdward Paleontology General H.01248 Conodonts, Devonian-Mississippian, Bering land bridge: Hopkins, David M. 00108 Candle quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Fdward redescription: Huddle, John W. Gazeteer, dictionary of place names: Orth, H.01353 00552 Donald J. 00102 Chandalar quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Stratigraphy Geochemistry Edward H. 01348 Cretaceous, pre-Selma sequence, Gulf Coastal Alaska Range, Windy Fork-Post River area, Plain: Conant, Louis C. 00421 anomalies, metals: Reed, Bruce L. 01946 Charley River quadrangle, metallic: Cotb, Edward H. 01249 Pennsylvanian, Pottsville Formation, coal Equisetum, metal absorption, geochemical splits: Culbertson, William C. 01674 prospecting: Cannon, Helen L. 01823 Circle quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward H. Surface water Koyukuk River region, central, prospecting 01251 Quality data: Avrett, James R. 01155 possibilities: Miller, Thomas P. 01947 Eagle quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward H. Streams, seven-day low flows and flow Southeastern, strontium isotopic relations, 01250 duration: Peirce, L. B. 00174 ultramafic rocks: Lanphere, Marvin A. Healy quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward H. Water resources 01613 01350 Geneva County, availability map: Scott, J. C. Windy Fork-Post River area, geochemical Livengood quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, 01872 prospecting: Elliott, Raymond L. Edward H. 01252 Alaska 01931 Mount Hayes quadrangle, metallic: Cob*>, A bsolute age Geomorphology Edward H. 01351 C-14, U.S. Geological Survey, list: Ives, Central, pingos: Holmes, G. William. 00541 Nome quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward H. Patricia C. 00150 Seward Peninsula, western, terraces, wavecut: 01479 A real geology Sainsbury, C. L. 00111 Seward and Blying Sound quadrangles, General: Gates, George O. 01875 Western, shoreline features. Quaternary metallic: Cobb, Edward H. 01355 Golden Zone mine area: Hawley, C. C. 01484 transgressions: Hopkins, David M. Solomon quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward Gulf of Alaska islands, wildlife refuges: Cobb, 00109 H.01354 Edward H. 00531 Geophysical surveys Tanana quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward Northern: Collins, Florence R. 01274 Aleutian Islands, seismic: Cleary, John. 00577 H.01253 Nuka Bay area, Kenai Peninsula: Richter, Bering Sea shelf, seismic records: Scholl, Wiseman quadrangle, metallic: Cobb, Edward Donald H. 01883 David W. 01482 H.01349 Southeastern, Spur Mtn., Tyee, and Eagle Gravity base station network: Barnes, David Maps, tectonic Lakes area: Callahan, James E. 01359 F.01491 General: King, Philip B. 00508 Earthquakes Glacial geology Mineralogy 1964, vertical tectonic deformation: Plafker, Chukchi Sea coast, Quaternary: McCulloch, Aluminocopiapite, Forty Mile River, George. 01761 D.S. 00110 Mosquito Fork: Jolly, James H. 00430 March 1964, Cook Inlet area, effects: Foster, Glacier Bay, glaciers, recent, advance: Paleomagnetism Helen. 00452 Ovenshine, A. Thomas. 00390 Nunivak Island, basalt flows, polarity epochs: March 1964, effects: Hansen, Wallace R. Martin River and Sioux Glaciers, earthquake Cox, Allan. 00575 00898 effects: Post, Austin. 00527 Quaternary, lava flows, secular variation: March 1964, effects on ground water in Iowa: Seward Peninsula, western, influence on Cox, Allan. 00322 Coble, Ronald W. 00498 migration: Sainsbury, C. L. 00111 A319 A320 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Alaska Aluminum Appalachians Paleontology Geochemistry Econ om ic geology Flora, Neogene-Pleistocene, distribution, Stability, form, in natural water: Hem, J. D. General: Laurence, Robert A. 00934 stages Wolfe, Jack A. 00112 00070 Gold: Bergendahl, M. H. 00974 Graptolithina, Ordovician, York Mts.: Ross, Antarctica Graphite: Weis, Paul L. 00959 Reuben James, Jr. 00418 A real geology Gravel and sand: Maxwell, Charles H. 00950 Mammalia, Quaternary, pre-Wisconsin, list: Hallett volcanic province: Hamilton, Warren. Gypsum and anhydrite: Withington, C. F. Pewe.T. L.00113 00278 00945 Palynomorphs, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. Pensacola Mountains area, U.S. Geological Industrial minerals, abrasives: French, Alice 4: Scott, Richard A. 01513 Survey projects: Schmidt, Dwight L. 00419 E.00951 Palynomorphs, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. General Industrial minerals, lime: Eri"ksen, George E. 4: Scott, Richard A. 01514 Cartographic activities, U.S. Geological 00947 Palynomorphs, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. Survey: Whitmore, George D. 00364 Industrial minerals, strontiurr: Cox, Dennis P. 4: Scott, Richard A. 01515 Photogeology: MacDonald, William R. 01642 00966 Palynomorphs, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. Sketch map series, shaded relief, U.S. Iron: Wright, Wilna B. 00975 4: Scott, Richard A. 01516 Geological Survey: MacDonald, William R. Limestone and dolomite: Ericksen, George E. Palynomorphs, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 01019 00948 4: Scott, Richard A. 01517 Topographic mapping, 1966-67: Whitmore, Lithium and beryllium: Griffitts, Wallace R. Palynomorphs, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. George D. 01834 00961 4: Scott, Richard A. 01903 Geophysical surveys Manganese: Dorr, Van N., 2d. 00976 Palynomorphs, northern, Naval Petroleum Gravity, magnetic: Behrendt, John C. 00279 Metals, cadmium: Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. Reserve No. 4: Scott, Richard A. 01299 Glacial geology 00970 Mica: Lesure, F. G. 00962 Palynomorphs, Topogorak Test Well No. 1: Pensacola Mountains, late Paleozoic, Mineral resources, general: U.S. Geological Scott, Richard A. 01481 glaciation: Schmidt, Dwight L. 00517 Taylor Valley: Armstrong, Richard Lee. Survey. 00924 Palynomorphs, Devonian, Nation River Niobium and tantalum: Parker, Raymond L. Formation: Brabb, Earl E. 00368 00513 Transport and sorting of debris: Ford, A. B. 00977 Trilobita, Cambrian, Jones Ridge Limestone, 01656 Nitrates, potash, phosphate: ^'edow, east-central: Palmer, Allison R. 00872 Maps, magnetic Helmuth, Jr. 00956 Petrology General: Behrendt, John C. 00896 Oil shale: Conant, Louis C. 00938 Alaska Range, schists: Wahrhaftig, Clyde. Paleomagnetism Peat: Cameron, Cornelia C. 01939 01579 Pensacola Mountains, general: Beck, Myrl E., Petroleum and natural gas: Meyer, Richard F. Livengood area, serpentinite, tectonic Jr. 00651 00940 inclusions: Foster, Robert L. 00379 Paleontology Salt: Cox, Dennis P. 00964 Nunivak Island, basalt, inclusions: Hoare, J. Glossopteris flora, Ohio Range: Schopf, James Sand, silica: Carter, W. D. 00965 M. 01758 M.00679 Silver: Luttrell, Gwendolyn W. 00978 Nunivak Island, Nanwaksjiak Crater, olivine Paleobotony, stratigraphic implications: Talc: Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. OC967 eclogite: Hoare, J. M. 01683 Rigby, J.F. 01218 Thorium and rare-earth methals: Adams, Yukon-Tanana upland, Prindle Volcano, Structural geology John W. 00979 basalt, inclusions: Foster, Helen L. 01755 Pensacola Mountains, Dufek intrusion: Ford, Tin: Sainsbury, C. L. 00980 Sedimentary petrology A. B.01998 Titanium: Herz, Norman. 00981 Loess deposits: Pewe, Troy L. 01989 Tectonics: Hamilton, Warren. 00805 Tungsten: Laurence, Robert A. 00982 Anthozoa Uranium: Butler, Arthur P., Jr. 00983 Stratigraphy Vanadium: Fischer, R. P. 009°4 Devonian: Gryc, George. 00066 Methods Peel technique, rugose, ontogeny: Sando, Zinc and lead: Wedow, He'muth, Jr. 00985 Devonian, Nation River Formation, east- William J. 00464 Zircon: Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00968 central: Brabb, Earl E. 00368 Appalachians Engineering geology Devonian, northwestern, palinspastic analysis: A real geology General: Davies, William E. 00935 Tailleur, I. L. 00186 .General: Miller, Ralph L. 01140 General Paleozoic, lower: Churkin, Michael, Jr. 00703 Economic geology Economy, future, 1975: Ll?yd, Barbara S. Quaternary, Chukchi Sea coast: McCulloch, Aluminum, bauxite: Patterson, Sam H. 00969 00930 D.S.00110 Arsenic: French, Alice E. 00953 Geography: Weeks, R. A. 009M Quaternary, western coastal areas, Arsenic: Laurence, Robert A. 00952 Mineral economy, current: Schreck, Albert E. transgressions: Hopkins, David M. Barite: Brobst, Donald A. 00954 00927 00109 Ceramic materials, kyanite: Espenshade, Mineral economy, history: Thomson, Robert Silurian-Tertiary, southeastern, Keku Strait: Gilbert H. 00960 D.00926 Muffler, L. J. Patrick. 00750 Ceramic materials, olivine: Larrabee, D. M. Mineral industry, economic impact: Structural geology 00963 Kaufman, Alvin. 00929 Aleutian Arc, mantle, convection currents: Chromite: Thayer, T. P. 00971 Mining, relation to economic sectors: Schreck, Plafker, George. 01647 Clays: Hosterman, John W. 00942 Albert E. 00928 Continental drift, strike-slip faults: Hamilton, Coal: Arndt, Harold H. 00937 Problems and opportunities: McKelvey, V. E. Warren. 01238 Cobalt and nickel: Cornwall, H. R. 00972 00925 Gulf of Alaska, continental margin, tectonic Construction materials: Ericksen, George E. Waterpower resources: Johnson, Arthur. features: Wright, F. F. 01193 00941 00933 Northern, thrusts. Brooks Range orogen: Construction materials, crushed stone: Geomorphology Tailleur, IrvinL. 01736 Stansfield, Robert G. 00943 Landform description: Davie," William E. South-central, Holocene vertical Construction materials, dimension stone: 00932 displacements: Plafker, George. Newman, William L. 00944 Hydrogeology 01652 Construction materials, lightweight Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces, Southeastern, tectonics, role of volcanism: aggregates: Bush, A. L. 00946 exploitation of subsurface conditions: Brew, David A. 01991 Construction materials, roofing granules: LeGrand, Harry E. 01088 Surface water Larrabee, D. M. 00949 Maps, tectonic Fairbanks area, flood, August 1967: Childers, Copper and sulfur: Kinkel, Arthur R., Jr. Central and southern: Reed, John C., Jr. Joseph M. 00332 00973 01414 John River, hydraulic parameters: Leopold, Copper, massive sulfide deposits: Kinkel, Stratigraphy Luna B. 00555 Arthur R., Jr. 00080 Permian, Dunkard Group, Allegheny region: Water resources Feldspar: Lesure, F. G. 00955 Berryhill, H.L., Jr. 00328 Anchorage area, progress report, 1966-67: Fluorspar: VanAlstine, R. E. 00957 Permian, thickness, distribution, Allegheny Barnwell, William W. 01465 Fuels: Meyer, Richard F. 00936 region: Berryhill, Henry L.. Jr. 00231 Mendenhall Valley: Barnwell, William W. Gems, collecting: French, Alice E. 00958 00624 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A321

Appalachians Arizona Arkansas Structural geology Maps, geologic Maps, geologic Allegheny region, tectonics. Late Paleozoic: Brandenburg Mountain quadrangle: Krieger, Russellville West quadrangle: Haley, B^yd R. Berryhill, H.L., Jr. 00328 Medora H. 00902 01282 Appalachian orthogeosyncline, gravity Holy Joe Peak quadrangle: Krieger, Medora Sedimentary petrology sliding: Cady, Wallace M. 01993 H.00861 Northwestern, Morrow age, diagenesis ii New England-Quebec, geosynclinal zones: Huachuca and Mustang Mountains: Hayes, oolites: Henbest, Lloyd G. 01831 Cady, Wallace M. 00663 Philip T. 00816 Southwestern, clay minerals, Jurassic, Upper: Arctic Lookout Mountain quadrangle: Krieger, Dickinson, Kendell A. 01951 General Medora H. 00862 Stratigraphy Bering land bridge: Hopkins, David M. 00108 Mayer quadrangle, SW quarter: Anderson, C. Jurassic, Upper, southwestern: Dickinscn, Structural geology A.01255 Kendell A. 02027 Continental drift: Hamilton, Warren. 00806 Mingus Mountain quadrangle: Anderson, C. Surface water Arctic Ocean A.00562 Streams, storage requirements: Patterson, Geophysical surveys Mount Union SE l/'4 quadrangle: Blacet, P. James L. 01167 Canada Abyssal Plain and vicinity, heat flow: M. 01884 Marshall, B. Vaughn. 01181 Picacho Butte quadrangle: Krieger, Medora Water resources Sedimentary petrology H.00094 Jackson Independence Counties: Albir, Donald R. 00746 Clay minerals, bottom sediments: Carroll, Quartzite quadrangle: Miller, Fred K. 01495 Ascension Island Dorothy. 01569 Saddle Mountain quadrangle: Krieger, Petrology Arizona Medora H. 02030 Absolute age Green Mountain, granitic blocks in fachyte Maps, gravity Grand Canyon, lava dam, K-Ar: McKee, breccia, fluid inclusions: Roedder, Edwin. North of Grand Canyon: Popenoe, Peter. 00652 Edwin D. 01142 01418 A real geology Asia Maps, ground water Apache Junction to Globe, road log: A real geology Coconino County: McGavock, E. H. 01046 Peterson, Donald W. 01073 Southern and sputheastern, soil and climate: Flagstaff-Cameron area: Cooley, Maurice E. Petrology Ruane, Paul J. 01340 00225 Southeastern, volcanics: Hayes, Philip T. Southwestern, soil and climate: Ruane, Paul Jerome and Prescott areas: Krieger, Medora 01788 J. 01339 H. 00760 Superior area, ash-flow sheet: Peterson, Associations Mogollon Rim area, eastern: Finnell, Tommy Donald W. 01958 Geochemical Society L.00223 Superior area, zoned ash-flow sheet: Peterson, Symposium, nutrition, geology, and trace Navajo Reservation area, eastern: Shoemaker, Donald W. 01622 elements: Cannon, Helen L. 00843 EugeneM.00761 Stratigraphy International Union of Geological Sciences Northern, Glen and San Juan Canyons area: Cambrian, southeastern: Krieger, Medora H. Growth and activities, 1966-67: Thursto", Cooley, Maurice E. 00224 01597 William. 00628 Jurassic, Huachuca Quartz Monzonite, Oak Creek Canyon area: McKee, Edwin D. Astronomy Cochise County, nomenclature: Hayes, 00221 Stars Pierce Ferry area: Lucchitta, Ivo. 00219 Philip T. 00571 M supergiants, Persei: Wildey, Robert L. Toroweap Valley area: McKee, Edwin D. Mesozoic, southeastern: Hayes, Philip T. 01589 00220 01074 Verde Valley area: Metzger, Donald G. 00222 Mingus Mountain quadrangle, section: Techniques Photography, spatial filtering: Wildey, Robert Geochemistry Anderson, C. A. 00562 L.01222 Santa Rita Mountains, base metals and silver Permian, paleogeography: McKee, Edwin D. anomalies: Drewes, Harald. 00388 00235 Photography, spatial filtering: Wildey, Robert Geomorphology Permian, Zuni Mts.: Read, Charles B. 00655 L. 01590 Cinder Lake crater field, cf. Moon: Bailey, Precambrian, Apache and Troy sequences, Atlantic Coastal Plain Norman G. 01389 southern: Shride, A. F. 00240 A real geology Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, evolution: Precambrian, Troy Quartzite, southeastern: General, petroleum potential: Maher, J?hn C. McKee, Edwin D. 00217 Krieger, Medora H. 01597 00303 Geophysical surveys Tertiary, Yuma area: Olmsted, F. H. 01695 Economic geology Hopi Buttes and Meteor Crater, magnetic and Structural geology Petroleum, possibilities: Maher, John C. gravity: Regan, R. D. 01386 Shylock fault zone, wrench fault and 00303 North of Grand Canyon, principal facts for piercement structure: Anderson, C. A. Phosphate, Florida type phosphorite deposits: gravity stations: Popenoe, Peter. 01438 00009 Cathcart, James B. 01347 San Francisco volcanic field, radar images: Water resources Paleontology Schaber, Gerald G. 01298 Cottonwood Wash, vegetation effects: Bowie, Foraminifera, Miocene, paleoecology: Twin Buttes area, infrared photography: James E. 01147 Gibson.T.G. 01810 Cooper, John R. 01382 Review, U.S. Geological Survey activities: Ostracoda, Mesozoic: Swain, Frederick M. Yuma area, facts for gravity stations: U.S. Geological Survey. 01463 01232 Peterson, Donald L. 01296 Arkansas Sedimentary petrology Hydrogeology A real geology Northern, sequences: Owens, James P. 01814 Coconino County, basic ground-water data: Knoxville quadrangle: Merewether, E. A. Atlantic Ocean McGavock, E. H. 01046 00149 Geomorphology Colorado River; Lees Ferry to Lake Mead, Geomorphology Continental margin, bottom features: Uchupi, ground-water movement: Johnson, P. W. Grand Prairie region. Cypress Bayou, Elazar. 01113 01134 drainage change: Bedinger, M. S. 01013 Oceanographer Canyon, floor sediments, mass Ground water, selected basins and areas, Hydrogeology transport: Trumbull, James V. A. 00270 1965-66: Hodges, E. B. 00786 Grand Prairie region, artificial recharge: Geophysical surveys Navajo Indian Reservation, Window Rock- Johnson, A. 1.00713 Continental margin off Florida, seismic Lukachukai area, ground water: Edmonds, Ground-water levels, 1960-64: U.S. reflection profiles: Emery, K. O. 00758 R. J. 00427 Geological Survey. 00247 Denmark Strait, heat flow, water temperature Paradise Valley., Maricopa County: Arteaga, Randolph and Lawrence Counties, well fluctuations: Lachenbruch, Arthur H. 01180 F. E. 01869 records: Lamonds, A. G. 01292 Gulf of Maine, magnetic and gravity: Kane, Southern, ground water, fractured volcanic Southern, Sparta Sand lithofacies, hydrologic M.F.01583 rocks: Heindl, L. A. 01166 significance: Payne, J. N. 01116 Maps, geologic Reykjanes Ridge, magnetic: Schilling, Jean- Ash Fork quadrangle: Krieger, Medora H. Guy. 01186 00093 A322 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Atlantic Ocean Biography California Mineralogy Book review Economic geology Heavy minerals. Gulf of Maine, nearshore "James Hutton, founder of modern geology": Boron, Kramer berates: Smith, Ward C. surface sediments, sources: Ross, David A. Espenshade, G.H. 02005 00631 00012 Kier, Porter M.: Grant, Richard E. 00140 Boron, occurrence, Cenozoic borates: Smith, Paleontology Patterson, Arthur Undo: Clark, Joan R. 02007 Ward C. 01978 Mollusca, Cenozoic, Pacific origin, transarctic Biospeleology Mineral resources, Ventana primitive area: migration: Durham, J. Wyatt. 00115 General Pearson, Robert C. 00741 Sedimentary petrology Book review, "Biospeleology, the biology of Engineering geology Bahamas, Tongue of the Ocean, sediments, cavernicolous animals": Davies, William E. Land subsidence, Los Banos-Kettleman area: limestone: Gibson, Thomas G. 00657 00126 Bull, William B. 01668 Continental shelf, peat, fresh water: Emery, Bismuth Land subsidence, relation to water-level K.O. 01571 A nalysis decline: Lofgren, Ben E. 01692 Gulf of Maine, nearshore surface sediments, Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Ward, F. N. Land subsidence, San Joaquin Valley, stress heavy mineral suites: Ross, David A. 00012 00397 analysis: Lofgren, Ben E. 01141 Stratigraphy Bolivia Land subsidence, Santa Ckra Valley, 1960- Miocene-Recent, Bahamas, Tongue of the A real geology 65: Poland, J.F. 01711 Ocean: Gibson, Thomas G. 00657 San Cristobal district: Jacobson, Herbert S. Land subsidence, Tulare-Wa^co area, Australia 01287 ground-water withdrawal: Lofgren, B. E. A real geology Brazil 01324 Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01338 A real geology Materials, properties, central, subsiding areas, Glacial geology Minas Gerais, Serra do Curral area, western: sediments: Johnson, A. I. 00626 Southern, Paleozoic deposits, late, glacial Simmons, George C. 02044 General features: Hamilton, Warren. 00135 Economic geology Bibliography, San Joaquin Valley: Maher, J. Maps, geologic Gold, tantalite, diamonds, Amapa, Vila Santa C.00729 General: Corwin, Gilbert. 01027 Maria area: Klepper, M. R. 01290 Geochemistry Mineralogy Iron, Minas Gerais, Serra do Curral area, Burro Mountain ultramafic complex, Nolanite, western Kalgoorlie district: Taylor, western: Simmons, George C. 02044 serpentinization process: Page, Norman J. Charles M. 00620 Mineral resources, Amapa, Amapari River 00691 Austria region: Klepper, M. R. 01291 Coast Ranges, northern, Mes^zoic Mineralogy Thorium and rare earth, Pocos do Caldas graywackes, radioactivity: Wollenberg, Prehnite, ordering of tetrahedral aluminum, district: Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. 00451 Harold A. 00682 Hydrogeology Tyrol: Papike.J. J. 00821 Graywacke, eugeosynclinal, Sr, Rb: Peterman, Northeastern, ground water: Schoff, Stuart L. Automatic data processing ZellE. 00519 A erotriangulation 01858 Isotopes, dolomite formation: Clayton, Methods, U.S. Geol. Survey: Eller, Robert C. Surface water Robert N. 01570 00198 Amazon River, discharge and water quality: Electron microprobe data Oilman, Roy E. 01062 Mojave Desert region, bulk precipitation, Computer program: Beeson, Melvin H. 01387 Brines analyses: Feth.J.H. 00743 General Geochemistry Salton Sea, CO2 origin: Muffer, L. J. P. 02003 Base map preparation: Mullen, Roy. 00408 Bromine determination, X-ray fluorescence: Salton Sea geothermal area, calcite, silicates, Data quality: Miesch, A. T. 00362 Dunton, Polly J. 01239 isotopic fractionation: Clayton, R. N. 01175 Hydrogeology Hydrothermal activity, research: Hemley, J. J. Salton Sea, geothermal brine, sulfides: Models of hydrologic cycle: Dawdy, David R. 00510 Skinner, Brian J. 00152 00281 California Sierra Nevada batholith, hornblende, Time-series simulation, distribution Absolute age composition: Dodge, Frank C. W. problems: Matalas, N. C. 01245 Glass Mountain, rhyolite flows, obsidian 01676 Mineralogy hydration dates: Friedman, Irving. 01071 Geomorphology Formula derivation from analyses, anion- Klamath Mountains, Abrams Mica Schist, Coffee Creek, flood, 1964, erosion and based: Jackson, Everett D. 00004 primary metamorphism: Lanphere, Marvin deposition: Stewart, John I'. 00359 Bacteria A.01691 General: Albers, J. P. 01610 Middle Fork Eel River, eros;on, bed-material Fossil Owens Valley, Mono and Inyo Craters, K-Ar: movement: Ritter, John R. 00038 Unmineralized: Bradley, W. H. 01568 Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00894 Beryllium Palo Alto area, Sharon Creek, sediment San Joaquin Valley, lacustrine deposits, wood, General transport: Crippen, John R. 00401 carbon-14: Croft, M. G. 01014 Book review, "Geochemistry of beryllium and Redondo submarine canyon, origin: Yerkes, genetic types of beryllium deposits": A real geology R.F.00014 Griffitts, Wallace R. 00466 Broadwell-Danby Lakes area: Moyle, W. R., Sierra Nevada, denudation, rates: Janda, Bibliography Jr. 00832 Richard J. 01760 California Mojave Desert, western: Dibblee, Thomas W., Sierra Nevada, Rubicon River sediment San Joaquin Valley: Maher, 1. C. 00729 Jr. 00358 transport: Scott, Kevin M. 01762 Engineering geology Nevada County, northern. Tertiary channel White Mountains, slope degradation, rates, Materials, properties, testing, permeability gravel: Peterson, Donald W. 01945 botanical evidence: LaMarche, Valmore C., and capillarity: Johnson, A. I. 00484 Parker-Blythe-Cibola area: Metzger, Donald Jr. 00502 Geophysics G.00218 Geophysical surveys Abstracts: Clarke, James W. 02014 Slate Range: Smith, George I. 01805 Blythe area, facts for gravity stations: Abstracts: Clarke, James W. 02015 Soda, Silver, and Cronise Valleys: Moyle, W. Peterson, Donald L. 01296 Mollusca R., Jr. 00797 Geysers geothermal area, aerfal infrared images: Moxham, R. M. 01442 Paleozoic, late, North America: Yochelson, E. Earthquakes Menlo Park, sediments, heat flow: Sass, J. H. L.00542 1836, 1868, Hayward fault zone: Radbruch, 01586 North America Dorothy H. 00331 1963: U.S. Geological Survey. 01822 Mono Craters area, infrared, remote sensing: California-Nevada fault zone: Pakiser, L. C. Abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey. 02013 Daniels, D.L. 01337 01653 Abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey. 02016 Mono Lake area, infrared, airborne: Open-file reports June 27, 1966, Parkfield-Cholame, Friedman, Jules D. 01682 U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: Weld, Betsy A. aftershocks: Eaton, Jerry P. 01721 Nevada County, northern, seismic, magnetic: 00845 September 1963, Chittenden area: Brabb, Earl Oliver, Howard W. 01944 Popular and elementary geology E.00699 Pisgah and Mono Craters area, remote High school libraries, buying list for: sensing: Daniels, D. L. 01277 Pangborn, Mark W., Jr. 01196 San Andreas fault, central, magnetic and gravity: Hanna, William F. 01722 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A323

California California California Geophysical surveys Maps, ground water Stratigraphy San Jose area, faults, gravity and magnetic: Bloomington-Colton area: Gosling, Arthur General: King, P. B. 01243 Robbins, Stephen L. 01726 W. 00262 Jurassic-Cretaceous, Sacramento Valley, Hydrogeology Maps, mineral resources northwestern, Buchina zones: Jones, D. L. Bloomington-Colton area, patterns of Northern: Smith, Merritt B. 00205 01686 subsurface flow: Gosling, Arthur W. 00262 Maps, seismic Miocene, Barstow Formation, Mud Hilh Borrego-Carrizo-San Felipe valley area, wells San Francisco Bay, Bay Farm Island toward sections: Sheppard, Richard A. 01300 and springs: Moyle, W. R., Jr. 01161 Hunter's Point: U.S. Geological Survey. Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary, Broadwell-Danby Lakes area, well data: 01412 southeastern: Gordon, Mackenzie, Moyle, W. R., Jr. 00832 Maps, structure Jr. 01787 Ellwood-Gaviota area, reconnaissance: Hayward fault zone, fault traces and surface Quaternary, Searles Valley: Smith, George I. Miller, G. A. 01541 ruptures: Radbruch, Dorothy H. 00331 01084 Hanford-Visalia area: Croft, M. G. 01542 Maps, tectonic Northern, precipitation-runoff relations: Cholame Valley-Tejon Pass, recent breaks Structural geology Rantz, S. E. 00406 along faults: Vedder, J. G. 01377 Alameda, Contra Costa, Santa Clara Pahrump Valley, effects of pumping on Gabilan Range, northern, to Cholame Valley, Counties, fault activity: Radbruch, Dirothy reservoirs: Malmberg, Glenn T. 00120 recent breaks along faults: Brown, Robert H.01725 Pixley area, water levels: Riley, F. S. 01712 D., Jr. 01378 Ben Lomond Mtn. area, intrusions, Santa Ynez Upland basin, ground-water Tejon Pass-Cajon Pass, recent breaks along deformation: Leo, Gerhard W. 00660 resources: LaFreniere, G. F. 01544 faults: Ross, Donald C. 01376 Burro Mountain ultramafic body, tecton:c Soda, Silver, and Cronise Valleys, well data: Mineralogy emplacement: Burch, Stephen H. Moyle, W. R., Jr. 00797 Analcite, San Bernardino County, Barstow 01819 Soquel-Aptos area: Mickey, J. J. 01543 Formation: Gude, Arthur J., 3d. 00823 Carrizo Plain area, San Andreas fault, infrared imagery: Wallace, R. E. 00781 Sunset and Bolsa Gaps, salt-water intrusion: Biotite, Cartridge Pass pluton, analyses, Central, San Andreas fault, post-Pliocene Wall, J. R. 01307 relations to zoning: Dodge, F. C. W. 00988 slip: Cummings, Jon C. 01719 Hydrology Nissonite, Panoche Valley: Mrose, Mary E. Coast ranges, San Andreas fault, stream Coastal basins, San Francisco Bay-Eel River, 01837 surface water: Rantz, S. E. 00301 Pyroxene and amphibole, Cazadero area: offsets: Wallace, Robert E. 01729 Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault zone, age Sierra Nevada, surface water zonation: Janda, Coleman, R.G. 01672 and rate of movement: McKee, E. H. 01596 Richard J. 01760 Pyroxene, blueschist facies, central: Coleman, Gualala area, Cretaceous-Tertiary strata, slip Maps, aeromagnetic R. G.00893 on San Andreas fault: Wentworth, Carl M. Benton (Nev.) quadrangle: U.S. Geological Silicate minerals, authigenic. Pleistocene tuff: 01730 Survey. 01330 Sheppard, Richard A. 01803 Owens Valley fault zone, movement 1872, Blanco Mtn., Soldier Pass, Waucoba Spring Paleomagnetism subsequent creep: Bonilla, M. G. 01715 quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey. 01331 Jurassic-Cretaceous, Sierra Nevada plutonic Bridgenort, Fales Hot Springs, Bodie rocks: Gromme, C. S. 00471 Paicines-Camp Dix, San Andreas fault quadrangles: U.S. Geological Sierra Nevada, Jurassic, Upper, plutons: movement: Brown, Robert D., Jr. Survey. 01327 Gromme, C. S. 00775 01716 Bullfrog (Nev.) quadrangle: U.S. Geological Paleontology San Andreas fault: Wallace, Robert E. 01743 Survey. 01334 Ammonites, Jurassic, Sailor Canyon San Andreas Fault, lateral slip, late Tertiary, Freel Peak, Topaz Lake quadrangles: U.S. Formation, east-central: Imlay, Ralph W. evidence: Addicott, W. O. 00242 Geological Survey. 01423 OHIO San Andreas fault, mid-Tertiary Glass Mtn. and Cowtrack Mtn. quadrangles: Foraminifera, Permian, Calaveras Formation: discontinuities: Addicott, Warren U.S. Geological Survey. 01328 Douglass, Raymond C. 00751 O.01714 Grapevine Peak and Tin Mtn. quadrangles: Gastropoda, Tertiary, zoogeography, San San Andreas fault system, recent strain: U.S. Geological Survey. 01333 Andreas Fault: Addicott, W. O. 00242 Burford, Robert O. 01717 Huntoon Valley (Nev.) quadrangle: U.S. Mollusca, Miocene, Skooner Gulch San Luis Obispo County, San Andres fault: Geological Survey. 01329 Formation, age: Addicott, Warren O. 00352 Vedder, J.G. 01765 Last Chance Range quadrangle: U.S. Palynomorphs, Pleistocene, Searles Lake: Santa Lucia Range and San Rafael Mts., Geological Survey. 01332 Leopold, Estella B. 01645 Nacimiento fault: Vedder, John G. 01728 Magruder Mtn., Ubehebe Crater (Nev.) Petrology Santa Monica Mts., central, faults: Campbell, quadrangles: U.S. Geological Ben Lomond Mtn. area. Cretaceous, plutonic R.H. 01846 Survey. 01332 and metamorphic rocks: Leo, Gerhard W. Sierra Nevada, history: Bateman, Paul C. Tahoe and Truckee quadrangles (parts): U.S. 00660 01853 Geological Survey. 01394 Burro Mountain ultramafic body: Burch, Southern, Peninsular Ranges, San Andreas Trench Canyon quadrangle: U.S. Geological Stephen H. 01819 fault system: Sharp, Robert V. 01727 Survey. 01329 Burro Mountain ultramafic complex, Southern, San Andreas fault systems, White Mtn. Peak and Mt. Barcroft serpentinization process: Page, Norman J. displacements: Dibblee, Thomas W., quadrangles: U.S. Geological 00691 Jr. 01720 Survey. 01330 Devils Postpile quadrangle, volcanic rocks: Transverse Ranges, eastern, faults: Hope, Maps, geologic Huber, N.King. 00077 Roger A. 01684 Surface water Condrey Mountain quadrangle: Hotz, P. E. Northwestern, blueschist belt below thrust, 00064 Arcadia area, determination of discharge metamorphism: Blake, M. C., Jr. during pulsating flow: Thompson, T. H. Inyo Mountains region, generalized: Ross, 00002 Donald C. 00257 02011 Schist, blueschist facies, P-T conditions: Floods from small drainage basins: Joshua Tree quadrangle: Dibblee, T. W., Jr. Coleman, R.G. 01077 00259 Waananen, Arvi O. 01464 Morongo Valley quadrangle: Dibblee, T. W., Sierra Nevada batholith: Bateman, Paul C. Fresno River, Madera County, channel Jr. 00260 00736 capacity: Harmsen, Lynn. 01321 Maps, geologic Tiburon Peninsula, serpentinite lens, Klamath and Smith River basins. Central Old Woman Springs quadrangle: Dibblee, T. composition, paragenesis: Page, Norman J. Valley, floods: Young, L. E. 00101 W., Jr. 00330 00991 Weathering San Rafael Mountains area, central: Vedder, Sedimentary petrology White Mountains, spheroidal, limestone and J. G. 00092 Caliente Range, Miocene sedimentation, San dolomite, metamorphosed: LaMarche, Shuteye Peak quadrangle: Huber, N. King. Andreas fault effect: Clifton, H. Edward. ValmoreC., Jr. 00005 01099 01718 Canada Soldier Pass quadrangle: McKee, E. H. 00060 Central, compaction of sediments, land Geochemistry Waucoba Wash quadrangle- Ross, Donald C. subsidence areas: Meade, Robert H. 01114 Great Plains, northern, sodium sulfate 00261 Central, subsiding areas, sediments, physical deposits, genesis: Grossman, I. G. 01003 properties: Johnson, A. I. 00626 Malibu Bowl thrust sheet, breccia, Miocene: Campbell, R.H. 01950 A324 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Canada China Colorado Hydrogeology A real geology Economic geology Great Plains, northern, paleocycle, sodium Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01341 Soda carbonate and aluminum, Piceance sulfate deposition: Grossman, I. G. 01003 Clay mineralogy Creek basin: Kite, Robert J. 00420 Cartography Experimental studies Uranium, Ralston Buttes district, deposits: General Adsorption, natural water systems: Wayman, Sheridan, Douglas M. 00118 International conferences: Whitmore, George CooperH. 00313 Engineering geology D.00192 Cation exchange: Truesdell, A. H. 02010 Tunnels, Straight Creek pilot bore: Scott, J. Research program, surveying and mapping: Muscovite-montmorillonite, mixed-layer, H.00885 Thompson, Morris M. 00189 one-dimensional model: Zen, E-an. 00654 Tunnels, Strait Creek, pilot b">re: Robinson, Instruments X-ray diffraction analysis, monochromator, Charles S. 01623 Automatic plotter, base map preparation: diffracted-beam: Hosterman, John W. Geochemistry Mullen, Roy. 00408 01005 Adams County, soil, Th, U, K concentrations: General: Radlinski, William A. 01640 Mineral data Bunker, Carl M. 00997 Orthophotoscope, modifications, U.S. Montmorillonite and mica crystallites: Ross, Clear Creek and tributaries, Mo, Pb, Zn, Geological Survey: Scher, Marvin B. 00756 Malcolm. 00692 geochemical prospecting: Mallory, Edward Plotting from color aerial photographs: Lewis, C.,Jr.01139 James G. 01631 Clays Experimental studies Empire district, gold, geochemhal Stereoplotting, improvements: Thompson, prospecting, mull: Curtin, Gary C. 01828 Liquid movement, kaolinite, hydraulic, Morris M. 00188 San Juan Mountains, Creede Formation, electrical, and osmotic gradients: Olsen, Surveying tower, portable: Sappington, travertine, genesis: Steven, T. A. 00992 Harold W. 00320 Walter L. 00178 San Juan volcanic area, isotope studies: Doe, Methods Geochemistry B. R. 01677 Aerotriangulation, sem[analytical: Mixed-layer minerals, model: Zen, E-an. Summitville mining district, geochemical Altenhofen, Robert E. 01634 00431 prospecting, metals: Sharp, William N. Aerotriangulation, semianalytical, quadrangle Cobalt 00846 mapping: Altenhofen, Robert E. 01633 Analysis Geomorphology Aerotriangulation, U.S.G.S., computer Activation, coincidence-counting technique: Great Sand Dunes Natl. Monument, dune adaptation: Eller, Robert C. 00198 Greenland, L. Paul. 00998 types, genesis: Johnson, Ross B. 00029 Atlas making, problems: Gerlach, Arch D. Colombia Great Sand Dunes Natl. Monument, genesis: 00161 Economic geology Johnson, Ross B. 00904 Bench mark monumentation: Maltby, Calvin Fertilizers: Irving, Earl M. 01214 San Juan peneplain: Steven, Tl omas A. 02029 S. 01632 Phosphate, exploration: Cathcart, James B. Sangre de Cristo Mts., Mt. Mes'as, rock General: Radlinski, William A. 01640 01345 glaciers: Johnson, Ross B. 00392 Map maintenance: Davis, Robert O. 00154 Maps, geologic Geophysical surveys Orthophoto maps, vs. conventional: Cucuta quadrangle: Irving, Earl M. 00145 Central, Rocky Mts., gravity: Behrendt, John Radlinski, William A. 01168 Tibu quadrangle: Irving, Earl M. 00144 C.01172 Orthophotbgraphy, U.S. Geological Survey: Colorado Loveland Basin landslide, seismic: Carroll, Scher, Marvin B. 00756 A bsolute age Roderick D. 01000 Orthophotomapping: Radlinski, William A. Front Range, Precambrian rocks, Rb-Sr: Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore, seismic, 01630 Peterman, Zell E. 01081 electrical: Scott, J. H. 00885 Productivity measurement, National Rocky Mountain Arsenal well, gneiss: Hedge, Straight Creek Tunnel site: S-;ott, James H. Topographic Program: Northcutt, Penrod. Carl E. 00143 01085 01047 San Juan Mountains, volcanic rocks: Steven, Glacial geology Standards for urban planning: Southard, Thomas A. 00373 Grand Mesa area, general: Yecnd, Warren E. RupertB., Jr. 00185 A real geology 01809 United States Geological Survey Black Canyon of Gunnison River, lower, Hydrogeology Electromagnetic distance measurement: popular account: Hansen, Wallace R. 00644 Big Sandy Creek, channel wicHh, relation to Krahmer, Edward A. 00308 Lawson-Dumont-Fall River district: Hawley, vertical permeability: Coffin, Donald L. Cenozoic C. C. 00243 01025 Colorado Plateau Mount Wilson quadrangle: Bromfield, Calvin Cimarron River basin, grouid-water: U.S. Sedimentation, early: McKee, Edwin D. S. 00749 Geological Survey. 00618 00227 Ralston Buttes district: Sheridan, Douglas M. Northwestern, Piceance Creek basin, ground- Sedimentation, late: Metzger, Donald G. 00118 water data: Coffin, D. L. 01878 00229 Spanish Peaks region, igneous rocks: Johnson, Ute Mountain Indian Reservation, ground- Central America Ross B. 02028 water resources: Irwin, James H. 00740 Earthquakes A real geology Maps, geologic Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01338 Seismicity, microearthquakes: Healy, John H. 01757 Banty Point quadrangle: Cul'ins, Henry L. Cesium 01198 A nalysis Economic geology Activation, coincidence-counting technique: Coal, Chair Mountain quadrangle: Godwin, Boulder County: Wrucke, Chester T. 01310 Greenland, L. Paul. 00998 LarryH.01195 Chair Mountain quadrangle: Godwin, Larry Atomic absorption. X-ray fluorescence, Coal, gravel, Hanover N W quadrangle: H.01195 standard reference samples: Mountjoy, Soister, Paul E. 01201 Dillon SW quadrangle: Bergendahl, M. H. Wayne.01006 Mineral resources, Banty Point quadrangle: 01256 Changes of level Cullins, Henry L. 01198 Elk Springs quadrangle: Dyni, John R. 01197 Rate Mineral resources. Elk Springs quadrangle: Empire quadrangle: Braddock, William A. Florida, southern: Scholl, David W. 00819 Dyni,JohnR.01197 01361 Chemical analysis Mineral resources. Green River Formation as Golden quadrangle, surficial: VanHorn, Chromatography multiple source: Culbertson, W. C. 00267 Richard. 00608 Technique: May, Irving. 00831 Mineral resources, Lawson-Dumont-Fall Grand Valley quadrangle: Do"nell, John R. Water River district: Hawley, C. C. 00243 01396 Chromium, total, atomic absorption: Midgett, Mineral resources, Mount Tyndall Hanover NW quadrangle: Soister, Paul E. Maryland R. 00912 quadrangle: Brock, M. R. 01096 01201 Review of literature, October 1964-September Oil shale, occurrence, Green River Hawxhurst Creek quadrangle: Donnell, John 1966: Fishman, M. J. 00906 Formation: Donnell, John R. 00876 R.01399 Chile Silver-lead-zinc, Hahns Peak gold-placer Engineering geology Housetop Mountain quadrangle: Donnell, district: Bowes, W. A. 01990 Dam leakage, Lago Laja: Danilchik, Walter. John R.01400 01311 Iron Hill area, alkalic rock complex: Hedlund, D.C.01885 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A325

Colorado Colorado Plateau Continental margin Maps, geologic Petrology Maps, seismic Mount Tyndall quadrangle: Brock, M. R. Morrison Formation, data: Cadigan, Robert Atlantic shelf and slope, Charleston to Florida 01096 A.01262 Keys: U.S. Geological Survey. 01271 North Mamm Peak quadrangle: Donnell, Sedimentary petrology Atlantic shelf and slope, New York to John R.01398 Cenozoic, early: McKee, Edwin D. 00227 Charleston: U.S. Geological Survey. 01273 Rulison quadrangle: Yeend, Warren E. 01395 Cenozoic, late: Metzger, Donald G. 00229 New England South Mamm Peak quadrangle: Donnell, Stratigraphy Shelf, bottom-water temperatures, relation to John R. 01397 Cretaceous, Late, history: Cobban, William fauna: Schopf, Thomas J. M. 00389 Straight Creek tunnel pilot bore: Lee, A.00226 Oregon FitzhughT. 01444 Structural geology Shelf, gold distribution in surface sedi-nents: Maps, mineral resources Faults, Ceriozoic,.'middle: Krieger, Medora H. Clifton, H.Edward. 01948. Mount Tyndall quadrangle, thorium: Brock, 00763 Slope M.R. 01096 Monoclines, early Cenozoic: Krieger, Medora Florida-Hatteras area, fresh-water discharge: Mineralogy H.00762 Manheim, Frank T. 00426 Rutile, topaz, Jefferson and Clear Creek Connecticut United States Counties: Sheridan, Douglas M. 01830 A real geology Atlantic shelf and slope, geomorphology: Petrology Meriden quadrangle: Hanshaw, Penelope M. Uchupi, Elazar. 01113 Central City quadrangle, Precambrian rocks: 02037 Eastern, structural implications from Sims, P. K. 00078 Geochemistry aeromagneticdata: Zietz, Isidore. Oil94 Georgetown area, rhyolite vents: Taylor, Diabase and basalt, analyses: Schnabel, R. W. Northeastern, topography and structure, RichardB. 01342 01488 north and south of Nantucket: Uchupi, Powderhorn-Black Canyon region, Tertiary Glacial geology Elazar. 00317 volcanics: Olson, J. C. 01065 West Torrington quadrangle, deposits: Continental shelf Rocky Mountain Arsenal, disposal well, Colton, Roger B. 01602 A real geology Precambrian rocks: Wrucke, Chester T. Hydrogeology Geeral, petroleum potential: Maher, John C. 00995 Hamden Wallingford area, ground-water 00303 Salt anticline region, halite and associated resources: LaSala, A. M., Jr. 01079 A tlantic Ocean rocks: Jones, C. L. 01230 Shetucket River basin, aquifers: Thomas, Georgia, bottom features, television system: Sedimentary petrology Mendall P. 00477 Eddy, J. E. 00011 Bijou Creek, flood deposits: McK.ee, E. D. Shetucket River basin, data: Thomas, Chester New England, Long Island Sound to Buzzards 00167 E., Jr. 00476 Bay, seismic profile: Tagg, A. Richard. Golden area, fluvial movement, fluorescent Maps, geologic 00013 sand: Kennedy, Vance C. 01687 Ashaway (R.I.) quadrangle, surficial: Schafer, Economic geology Grand Mesa area, till mudflow and landslide J. P. 01098 Petroleum, possibilities: Maher, John C. deposits: Yeend, Warren E. 01808 Danielson quadrangle: Dixon, H. Roberta. 00303 Stratigraphy 01600 Copper Eocene, Green River Formation, Piceance Meriden quadrangle: Hanshaw, Penelope M. Analysis Creek basin: Griggs, R. L. 01405 02037 Atomic absorption, silicate rock standards, Jurassic, Morrison Formation, Dry Creek Montville quadrangle: Goldsmith, Richard. U.S.G.S.: Huffman, Claude, Jr. 01004 Basin area, logs: U.S. Geological Survey. 00044 Costa Rica 01357 Norwalk South quadrangle, surficial: Malde, A bsolute age Pennsylvanian, Paradox Basin, salt deposits: Harold E. 00561 C-14, U.S. Geological Survey, list: Ives, Kite, Robert J. 01227 Watch Hill (R.I.) quadrangle: Moore, George Patricia C. 00150 Cocos Island, basalt flows: Dalrymple, G. Permian, Interval B: Mudge, M. R. 00325 E., Jr. 00336 West Torrington quadrangle, surficial: Brent. 00650 Permian, paleogeography: Mudge, Melville R. Engineering geology 00234 Colton, Roger B. 01602 Maps, mineral resources Control measures, erosion, debris flow, Irazu Permian, paleogeography, western: Hallgarth, Torrington quadrangle, sand and gravel: Volcano: Waldron, Howard H. 00208 W.E. 00324 Colton, Roger B. 01275 Geophysical surveys Permian, western, paleogeography: Hallgarth, Stratigraphy Irazu volcano area, infrared, during eruption: Walter E. 00768 Quaternary, Hamden-Wallingford area: Gawarecki, Stephen J. 00774 Pleistocene, Nussbaum Alluvium: Soister, LaSala, A.M., Jr. 01079 Paleomagnetism Paul E.00372 Conodonts Cocos Island, basalt flows: Dalrymple, G. Precambrian, Needle Mts.: Barker, Fred. Devonian-Mississippian Brent. 00650 01777 New York, Alabama, Tennessee, Volcanology Quaternary, Grand-Battlement Mesa area: redescription: Huddle, John W. Irazu volcano area, infrared survey during Yeend, Warren E. 01422 00552 eruption: Gawarecki, Stephen J. 00774 Irazu Volcano, debris flow, erosion: Wa'dron, Tertiary, volcanics, Powderhorn-Black Continental drift Canyon region: Olson, J. C. 01065 General Howard H. 00208 Cretaceons Structural geology Symposiums, South America: Schmidt, Dwight L. 00886 Colorado Plateau Central City quadrangle, Precambrian rocks: Stratigraphy, history: Cobban, William A. Sims, P. K. 00078 Paleoclimatology Glaciation, late Paleozoic, Africa and 00226 Iron Mountain, layered intrusion: Shawe, Australia: Hamilton, Warren. 00135 Crust Daniel R. 01064 Continental margin Structure Paradox Basin: Shoemaker, Eugene M. 01228 A laska Hawaiian Islands: Jackson, Everett D. 01974 Paradox basin, Permian salt anticlines: Cater, Gulf of Alaska, tectonic features: Wright, F. Crystal chemistry F. W. 00326 F.01193 Beryl Surface water Southeastern, Paleozoic mobile belt: Eberlein, Cesium-bearing: Evans, Howard T., Jr. 01678 Kiowa Creek basin, fluvial sediment: G.Donald. 01997 Clinoamphiboles Mundorff, James C. 00919 Florida Exsolution, recrystallization textures, thermal Weathering Northern, sediments, stratigraphy and histories: Ross, Malcolm. 01585 Denver area, soil-profile development: mineralogy: Hathaway, John C. Clinopyroxene: Clark, Joan R. 01174 VanHorn, Richard. 00394 01811 Muscovite-m on tm orillonite Colorado Plateau Shelf, slope, Blake Plateau, organic Mixed-layer, one-dimensional model: Zen, E- Geochemistry constituents of drill cores: Hulsemann, an. 00654 Navajo Sandstone, mercury content: Cadigan, Jobst. 01852 Pyroxene: Clark, Joan R. 01616 Robert A. 00632 Pyroxenes Geomorphology Spodumene type: Appleman, D. E. 01835 Drainage, Colorado River, evolution: McKee, Edwin D. 00217 A326 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Crystal chemistry Economic geology Florida Shatluckile Resources Hydrogeology Analysis: Evans, Howard T., Jr. 01679 Exploration, developments, 1967: Erickson, Continental slope, discharge frcm Eocene Crystal structure Ralph L. 00627 beds: Manheim, Frank T. 00^26 A nalysis Ecuador Dade County, salt intrusion control: Klein, X-ray, data, tables: Robie, Richard A. 00769 General Howard. 01159 Clinopyroxene Bibliography, geology and geography: Colton, Floridan aquifer, ground-water flow: Nomenclature scheme, diopside-type Roger B. 01493 Hanshaw, Bruce B. 00460 structures: Burnham, Charles W. Egypt Floridian Plateau, geothermal influence: 00840 Geochemistry Kohout, F. A. 00798 Lead ore prospects, galena. Red Sea brine Ground-water levels, 1963-64: Healy, Henry Djurleite source: Delevaux, M. H. 00817 G.01158 Orthorhombic or pseudo-orthorhombic: Elastic properties Jacksonville area, Floridan aquifer, new deep Takeda, Hiroshi. 00841 Limestone zone, test well: Leve, G. W. 01290 Glaucophane Solenhofen: Peselnick, Louis. 01566 Miami area, Biscayne aquifer, storm recharge: Cation distribution: Papike, J. J. 01704 Electrical methods Kohout, F. A. 00715 Mica A irborne Myakka River basin area, test-well Polytypes: Ross, Malcolm. 01625 Automatic data processing: Evenden, G. I. exploration: Sutcliffe, H., Jr. 01537 Molecules 00376 Northeastern, Floridan aquifer, seasonal Heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate Electromagnetic decline, salt-water intrusion- Leve, G. W. ions: Evans, Howard T., Jr. 01969 Two-layer earth fields, loop values: 01043 Omphacite Anderson.W.L. 00825 Ocala area, tracer studies and background Cation distribution: Clark, Joan R. 01671 Engineering geology fluorescence: Knochenmus, Darwin Tourmaline Corrosion D.01458 Absolute orientation: Donnay, Gabrielle. Pipes and tanks: Clarke, Frank E. 00499 Peace and Alafia River basins artesian level, 00667 Dams lowering by pumpage: Kaufman, Matthew Crystallography Degradation below: Moss, Marshall E. 01132 1.00783 Silicates Flood plains Chain and framework, bonding: Clark, Joan Peace River basin, southern, chemical and Studies, summary: Hopkins, B. Thomas. R.01702 temperature distribution: Kaufman, M. I. 01212 Symmetry 01044 Materials X-ray data, tables: Robie, Richard A. 00769 Siesta Key, Sara-Sands area, salt-water Physical properties, determination in place: Twinning contamination: Joyner, Boyd F. Watkins, Joel S. 01519 Diopside, deformed: Raleigh, C. B. 02202 01045 Physical properties, determination in place: Pseudohexagonal and pseudotetragonal, Tallahassee area, Lake Jackson, levels, Watkins, Joel S. 01520 djurleite: Takeda, Hiroshi. 00842 fluctuations: Hughes, Gilbert H. Materials, properties Deformation 00412 Bibliography, permeability and capillarity, Experimental studies Maps, ground water testing: Johnson, A. I. 00484 Diopside: Raleigh, C. B. 02202 Peace River basin, southern, chemical and Moduli, elasticity, wave velocities: Robertson, Erosion temperature distribution: Kaufman, M. I. E.C.01182 Experimental studies 01044 Strength, brittle-ductile transition: Byerlee, Stream bed materials, culvert jet velocities: Maps, surface water James D. 01173 Seaburn, Gerald E. 00716 Drainage basins: Kenner, W. E. 00808 Field studies Wasting Sedimentary petrology Techniques, solid inclusion borehole probe: Fans and pediments: Denny, C. S. 00685 Central Highlands, beach ridge materials, Lee, FitzhughT. 01574 Estnaries grain size: Knochenmus, Darwin D. 00041 Techniques, solid inclusion borehole probe: Ecology Choctawhatchee Bay, sediments organic Nichols, Thomas D., Jr. 01512 Epifauna, Maryland, Patuxent River estuary, matter: Palacas, James G. 00732 1963-64: Cory, Robert L. 00457 Delaware Stratigraphy Geomorph ology Oregon Cretaceous, Gulf Series, northern: Applin, Bethany Beach area, sand ridges, genesis: Willamette River, discharge determinations, Paul L. 00237 Moody, David W. 01746 tidal reach: Dempster, George R., Jr. 01455 Surface water Geophysical surveys Europe Myakka River basin area, low streamflow: Delaware estuary and bay, seismic profiles, A real geology Flippo, H.N., Jr. 01538 technique: Moody, D. W. 00399 Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01339 Orange County, lakes, chemical Diatoms Florida characteristcs: Pfischner, F. L., Jr. Nomenclature A bsolute age 01020 Pleistocene, Wisconsin, new names: Andrews, Peat, southern, submergence rate: Scholl, Water resources George W. 01051 David W. 00819 Dade County, effects of flood control plan on District of Colnmbia A real geology urbanization: Kohout, F. A. 00166 A real geology Passage Key, Island Bay, Cedar Keys, Pelican Southwestern, supply problerrs: Boggess, D. Summary, roll in development of city: Island refuges: Perdue, Charles L., Jr. 00534 H.01 540 Withington.C.F. 01091 Economic geology Fluid inclusions Engineering geology Phosphate, peninsular, north-central: Sever, Composition Applications, urban development: Charles W. 00680 Ore-forming fluids: Roedder, Edwin. 00200 Withington.C.F. 01091 Geomorphology Experimental studies Earth Central Highlands, shoreline features, former Fluid leakage, evidence against: Roedder, General high lake levels: Knochenmus, Darwin D. Edwin.01183 Book review, "Debate about the Earth": 00041 Granite Bradley, W.H. 00897 Geothermal energy Ascension Island, ejected blocks in trachyte Book review, "Man's home The Earth": Floridian Plateau, ground-water circulation.: breccia: Roedder, Edwin. 00i'52 Espenshade, G. H. 00299 Kohout, F. A. 00798 Lead History Hydrogeology Sweden, Laisvall deposit: Roedder, Edwin. General: Whitmore, Frank C., Jr. 00681 Alafia and Peace River basins, ground-water 01961 Earthquakes contamination, fluoride: Toler, L. G. 00190 Methods Genesis Baker County, reconnaissance: Leve, G. W. Ore-forming fluids: Roedder, Edwin. 00200 Mantle, serpentinite weakening and shear 01539 Stratiform ore deposits fracturing: Raleigh, C. B. 00678 Central and northern, geothermal field: Environment of deposition, heated connate brines: Roedder, Edwin. 01124 Techniques Schneider, Robert. 01733 Themwmetry Remote-sensing, satellites: Wallace, Robert E. Charlotte De Soto Hardee Counties, ground- Ore-forming fluids: Roedder, Edwin. 00200 01651 water data: Kaufman, M. I. 01877 Significance, limitations: Roed-fer, Edwin. 01713 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A327

Fluorine Geochronology Gold Analysis Paleomagnetism Geochemistry Spectrophotometric: Shapiro, Leonard. 00395 Pliocene, reversals: Dalrymple, G. Brent. Techniques, spectrometry, determination: Foraminifera 00128 Huffman, Claude, Jr. 00105 Bibliography Geologic thermometry Gravity methods Annotated: Todd, Ruth. 01554 Methods Instruments Fusilinidae Electrochemical: Sato, Motoaki. 01732 Borehole gravimeter system, precise' Permian, California, Calaveras Formation: Mineral deposits McCulloh, T. H. 00779 Douglass, Raymond C. 00751 Hydrothermal, factors affecting fluid Borehole gravimeter system, precise, tests: Isotopes temperature: Toulmin, Priestley, 3d. McCulloh, T. H. 00780 Oxygen, Pacific Ocean: Smith, P. B. 01983 00201 Techniques Methods Ore deposits Surface, borehole, anomalies: McCulloh, Flotation with bromoform: Gibson, Thomas Reaction points: Barton, Paul B., Jr. 01664 Thane H. 00075 G.004 16 Silica Great Britain Gastropoda Hot springs, underground temperatures: Paleontology Paleozoic Fournier, Robert O. 01680 Miospores in coal seams, book review: Bibliographic index. North America: Sphalerite Kosanke, Robert M. 01216 Yochelson, E. L. 00542 Fe-S content, significance: Toulmin, Priestley, Great Plains Predatory 3d. 01741 Stratigraphy Boreholes, Holocene cf. Ordovician borings: Geological exploration Permian, paleogeography, northern: Sh?ldon, Carriker, Melbourne R. 01556 General R. P. 00323 General Book review, "Exploration and empire": Gronnd water Education Yochelson, EllisL. 01028 Louisiana Cultural contributions of geology: Levering, Instruments Levels, salt-water intrusion, southwestern: T. S.01646 Mobile gamma-ray spectrometer system: Harder, A. H. 00285 Libraries Pitkin, James A. 01217 Massachusetts Geoscience, recent developments: Pangborn, Methods Levels, effect of drought: Knox, C. E. 00266 MarkW., Jr. 00361 Mapping, radar imagery as aid: Kover, Allan Program, U.S. Geological Survey: Pet^rsen, Philosophy N.00307 Richard G. 00264 Uniformitarianism, critique of principle: Geomorphology Resources, Connecticut River valley: Hubbert, M. King. 00636 Fluvial features Cederstrom, D. J. 00265 Practice Flood runoff and drainage density: Carlston, Gnlf Coastal Plain Environmental sciences, government role: Charles W. 01156 Economic geology Cloud, Preston E., Jr. 00665 Meander wavelength, alluvial rivers: Schumm, Phosphate, Florida type phosphorite deposits: Water resources, government career S. A. 00914 Cathcart, James B. 01347 opportunities: Koopman, F. C. 00734 Rivers, meanders, systems, thermodynamic Maps, geomorphologic Geochemical prospecting analogy: Scheidegger, A. E. 00409 Mississippi Delta area, relation to submarine Bibliography Glacial features topography: Uchupi, Elazar. 01061 1957-60: Davidson, Claire B. 01964 Evolution, Massachusetts, Cape Cod: Stratigraphy Annotated: Davidson, Claire B. 01312 Hartshorn, J.H. 00277 Cretaceous, pre-Selma sequence: Conant, Geochemistry Landform evolution Louis C. 00421 Applications Fans and pediments: Denny, C. S. 00685 Permian, paleotectonics: Crosby, Eleanor J. United States, U.S. Geological Survey: Massachusetts, Cape Cod, glacial deposits: 00764 Canney, F. C. 00683 Hartshorn, J. H. 00277 Gulf of Maine Bibliography Solution fea tures Glacial geology Ion exchange selectivity: Truesdell, A. H. Karst, Kentucky, Mammoth Cave area: General: Schlee, John S. 01816 01305 Cushman, R. V. 01662 Gulf of Mexico Electrochemical properties Geophysics Maps, bathymetric Activity coefficients, emf measurement Bibliography Mississippi Delta to Bahia de Campeche, technique: Christ, C. L. 00015 Abstracts: Clarke, James W. 02014 relation to land: Uchupi, Elazar. 01061 Exchange capacity Abstracts: Clarke, James W. 02015 Aluminum in natural water: Hem, J. D. 00536 Maps, seismic A real geology Dry Tortugas to Galveston, Texas: U.S. General Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge: Book review, "Principles of geochemistry": Geological Survey. 01272 Smedley, Jack E. 00811 Sedimentary petrology Fournier, R. O. 00656 Economic geology Book review, "Rapid methods of trace Cores, spectrographic data: Young, Edward J. Phosphate, south-central: Sever, Charles W. 01581 analysis for geochemical applications": May, 00680 Irving. 01968 Maps, geologic Gnyana Ground water Brevard fault zone, Atlanta area: Higgins, A real geology Factor analysis, use: Dawdy, D. R. 00319 Michael W. 02049 Wanamu-Blue Mountain area: KilpatricK B. Methods Marine geology E.01492 Instrumental techniques: May, Irving. 00831 Bottom features, continental shelf, television Geochemistry Processes system: Eddy, J. E. 00011 Wanamu-Blue Mountain area: Kilpatrick, B. Gas transfer, hydrogen osmosis, hydrothermal Stratigraphy E.01492 experiments: Shaw, Herbert R. 00453 Cretaceous, Gulf Series, southern: Applin, Hawaii Ion exchange, monovalent-divalent Paul L. 00237 A bsolute age selectivity, atomic model: Truesdell, A. H. Geothermal energy C-14, U.S. Geological Survey, list: Ives, 00321 General Patricia C. 00150 Solubility Geothermal reservoir, optimum environment: A real geology Silica, ground water from granitic rocks, White, Donald E. 01766 Kilauea Crater quadrangle: Peterson, Donald controls: Polzer, W. L. 00263 Gold W. 00057 Standard samples A nalysis Earthquakes Sources, types, numbers, compilation: Atomic absorption, geologic materials: 1965, seismic events: Koyanagi, Robert Y. Flanagan, F. J. 00153 Thompson, C. E. 01009 01149 Wallrock Concentrate preparation, detrital gold in May 1963, Koae fault zone, western, swarm: Hydrothermal alteration: Meyer, Charles. marine sands: Clifton, H. Edward. 00349 Kinoshita, Willie T. 00028 00204 Fluorometric determination: Marinenko, Water General John. 01986 Deep drilling project: Ladd, Harry S. 01643 Corrosion in wells, control. West Pakistan: Neutron activation: Simon, F. O. 01984 Clarke, Frank E. 01403 Sample size preconcentration requirements: Clifton, H. Edward. 01265

318-835 O - 68 - 22 A328 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Hawaii Hydraulics H ydrogeology Geochemistry Fluctuating velocities Ground-water movement Basalt, uranium and thorium, isotopes: Helical flow meter response: Plate, Erich J. Research progress, new techniques: Nace, Rosholt, John N. 01839 00710 Raymond L. 01131 Volcanic rocks, lead, isotopes: Tatsumoto, M. Instrumentation Well-pumping effects, stream depletion: 01737 Current meters, individual ratings: Smoot, Jenkins, C. T. 01042 Geophysical surveys George F. 00739 Ground-water reservoirs Oahu and Hawaii, resistivity, ground-water Statistical analysis Uses, future: McGuinness, C. L. 00641 exploration: Zohdy, Adel A. R. Macroturbulence, stochastic processes: Mathematical models 01379 Richardson, E. V. 00730 Transient flows: Lai, Chint j. 00405 Hydrogeology Streamflow measurement Methods Oahu and Hawaii, ground-water exploration, Current meters, individual ratings: Smoot, Neutron moisture measurements, continuous- resistivity method: Zohdy, Adel A. R. George F. 00739 and point-logging: Prill, Robert C. 01026 01379 Turbulence Tritium rainout: Stewart, G. L. 01041 Oahu, Peal Harbor area, effect of land use on Measurement: Richardson, Everett V. 00738 Water-level measurement, deep wells: Garber, water supply: Dale, R. H. 00434 Hydrogen M.S. 00921 Geochemistry Waiakea Pond Springs, daily mean discharge: Well logging, radioactivity: Keys, W. Scott. Hirashima, George T. 00398 Hydrothermal experiment, osmosis: Shaw, Herbert R. 00453 01242 Maps, geochemical Practice Oahu, Pearl Harbor area, chloride: Dale, R. Isotopes Deuterium, Tokyo rainwater: Matsuo, Sadao. Science-industry cooperation: Deutsch, H.00434 Morris. 01157 Maps, geologic 00637 Hydrogeology Recharge Kilauea Crater quadrangle: Peterson, Donald Community plans, ground-water W.00057 A quifer properties Cone of depression, shape: Fader, Stuart W. contamination: LeGrand, Harry E. Maps, tectonic 00773 General: King, Philip B. 00508 00459 Earth tides, well-aquifer response: Resource development Paleomagnetism Bredehoeft,J.D. 00790 Community plans, ground-water Kauai and Oahu, lavas: Doell, Richard R. contamination: LeGrand, Harry E. 01177 Flow, nonsteady, anisotropy: Papadopulos, 00773 Petrology Istavros S. 00462 Basalt magma, viscometry studies: Shaw, H. Hydraulic characteristics, pumping test Future possibilities: McGuiiness, C. L. 00641 R.01075 methods: Lang, S. M. 00287 Geological Survey, Soil and Moisture Basalts, xenoliths: Jackson, Everett D. 01685 Specific capacity, statistical analysis, Conservation Program: Hadley, R. F. Kilauea Volcano, basalt crystallization: Peck, Susquehannah River valley: Seaber, Paul R. 01523 Dallas L. 01705 01735 IHD program, foreign countries, discussion: Kilauea Volcano, Makaopuhi lava lake, Transmissibility, determination: Hurr, R. Nace, Raymond L. 00292 crystallization, role of olivine: Moore, Theodore. 00485 Planning needs: Leopold, Luna B. 00289 James G. 00215 Automatic data processing Quality of water, standards, problems: Makaopuhi lava lake, mineralogy: Evans, Models of hydrologic cycle: Dawdy, David R. Leopold, L. B. 00643 Bernard W. 01572 00281 Side effects, projects, problems: Nace, Surface water Time-series simulation, distribution Raymond. 00310 Flood data through June 1967: Hoffard, S. H. problems: Matalas, N. C. 01245 Synthetic hydrology, multivariate sequences: 01851 Experimental studies Matalas, N.C. 00410 Movement through kaolinite, hydraulic, Oahu, Makaha area, floods: Chang, William Water wells, corrosion, encrustation: Clarke, electrical, and osmotic gradients: Olsen, C. F. 01498 Frank E. 00280 Oahu, Waimanalo area, floods: Lee, Reuben. Harold W. 00320 Well-pumping effects, strearr depletion: 01459 Open-channel flow, energy and momentum Jenkins, C. T. 01042 Volcanology coefficients: Watts, Frederick J. Worldwide, International Hydrological Kilauea, deformation prior to November 1967 00296 Decade: Nace, Raymond L. 00170 eruption: Fiske, Richard S. 01178 Exploration methods Salt-water intrusion Lithofacies clastic-ratio maps, use: Pettyjohn, Kilauea, eruptive mechanism: Eaton, Jerry P. Community plans, ground-water 01655 Wayne A. 00495 contamination: LeGrand, Harry E. Kilauea, summit deflation after May 1963 Well-logging techniques: Keys, W. Scott. 00773 earthquakes: Kinoshita, WillieT. 01153 Specific yield 00028 Wells, hydraulic testing techniques, Nevada Clay, silt, sand, gravel, compilation of values: Test Site: Blankennagel, Richard K. 01404 Kilauea Volcano, 1959, tilting: Eaton, J. P. Johnson, A. 1.00777 01752 General Techniques Statistical methods, variance analysis, 2d Kilauea Volcano, Alae lava lake, infrared Fluorescent tracers, remote measurement: order Markov process: Reiher, Barbara S. radiation: Decker, Robert W. 00387 Betz.H.T. 01502 00648 Kilauea Volcano, deformation measurements: Water-level fluctuations Decker, R.W. 00147 Water transport in trees: Daum, C. R. 00458 Atmospheric pressure changes: Clark, William Kilauea Volcano, March 1965 eruption, lava Geochemistry E.00456 Aluminum in natural water: Hem, J. D. 00536 lake formation: Wright, Thomas L. 01557 Hydrology Aluminum, stability, form, in natural water: Mauna Loa, deformation measurements: Basic-data acquisition Hem, J. D. 00070 Decker, R. W. 01208 Remote-sensing potential: Robinove, Charles Ground water, corrosion and encrustation Submarine, depth of eruption: Moore, James J. 00293 G.01693 effects on wells: Barnes, Ivan. 01320 Ground water, corrosion, encrustation, water Evapotranspiration Heavy minerals Estimation methods, arid and subhumid Techniques wells: Clarke, Frank E. 00280 Ground water, factor analysis, use: Dawdy, areas: Cruff, R.W. 01038 Separation and identification: Stone, Jerome. Geochemistry 01111 D.R. 00319 Iron, solubility equilibria in ground water: Instruments, water sample filfation unit: History Skougstad, Marvin W. 01048 Vn ifarm itarianism Hem, John D. 00286 Ground-water contamination Methods Role, significance in intellectual outlook: Frequency curves: Riggs, H. C. 00923 Hubbert, M.King. 00636 Changes in quality, monitoring: LeGrand, Statistical tools: Riggs, H. C. 01137 Hydraulics Harry E. 02008 Experimental studies Ground-water movement Model study Stream bed materials, culvert jet velocities: Geochemical methods for determination: Stochastic, hydrologic sequences, length: Seaburn, Gerald E. 00716 Hanshaw, Bruce B. 00460 Matalas, N.C. 00318 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A329

Hydrology Idaho Illinois Practice Stratigraphy Petrology Hydrologic time series, analysis: Matalas, N. Mississippian, depositional provinces: Sando, Cave-in-Rock district, ore deposits controls: C.00318 William J. 00371 Pinckney, D. M. 01710 Water use Mississippian, Milligen Formation, relation to Surface water Phreatophytes and hydrophytes, Lodgepole Limestone: Sandberg, Charles Berwyn quadrangle, floods: Noehre, A. W. determination: Hughes, Gilbert H. A.00020 00547 01152 Permian, paleogeography: Sheldon, Richard Crystal Lake quadrangle, floods: May, V. Hydrothermal alteration P. 00767 Jeff. 00770 Elwood quadrangle, floods: Alien, Howard E. Paragenesis Permian, Phosphoria Formation, western 00085 Wallrocks, mineral assemblages: Meyer, phosphate field: Swanson, Roger W. 00697 Charles. 00204 Impact phenomena Upper Valley quadrangle, sections: Rioux, Iceland Craters Robert L. 01436 Imagery: Moore, H. J. 01510 General Structural geology Book review, "Surtsey": Peck, Dallas L. 01029 Glass Snake River Range, Darby fault: Albee, Macedon, Australia, cf. Darwin, Tasmania: Geophysical surveys Howard F. 00367 Infrared: Friedman, JulesD. 01612 Chapman, Dean R. 00664 Surface water Stratigraphy Salmon River, Middle Fork, hydraulic Indiana Northern, Tjornes: Einarsson, Thorleifur. parameters: Leopold, Luna B. 00555 Hydrogeology 00197 Lake County: Rosenshein, J. S. 01163 Snake River, Milner-King Hill, inflow Idaho forecast, snow surveys: Thomas, C. A. Porter and La Porte Counties: Roser^hein, J. A real geology 00543 S. 01162 Caribou County, Dry Valley Unit Well No. Water resources Infrared methods l:Hite,R.J. 00584 Salmon Falls Creek basin: Crosthwaite, E. G. Instruments Economic geology 01453 Film density analyzers; Turner, Robert M. Gold, east-central, placer: Ruppel. Edward T. Igneons rocks 01415 00633 A ndesite Infrared surveys Gold, silver. Big Creek district: Leonard, B. General description, basaltic: Coats, R. R. Techniques F.01567 01618 Summary: Moxham, R. M. 01511 Phosphate, Caribou Range: Jobin, D. A. Basalt Intrusions 00588 Composition, gradient adjacent to olivine Mechanism Phosphate, western phosphate field: Swanson, phenocrysts: Anderson, A. T. 01615 Concordant intrusives, depth control: Mudge, Roger W. 00697 Geochemistry and composition, Melville R. 01703 Geomorphology spectrographic analyses: Levering, T. G. Iodine East-central, drainage reversal: Ruppel, 00017 Geochemistry Edward T. 00633 Relation to biogeochemistry: Shacklett?, Geophysical surveys Carbonatites HansfordT. 00731 Pend Oreille area, infrared: Harrison, Jack E. Book review, "Carbonatites": Pecora, W. T. 01892 00629 Iowa Southwestern, seismic, crustal structure: Hill, Composition Hydrogeology D. P. 00602 Mean atomic weight, cf. Earth and planets: Decatur County, ground-water resources: Anderson, Don L. 00578 Cagle, J. W. 00661 Hydrogeology Aberdeen-Springfield area, water levels in Ni:Co ratio: Fleischer, Michael. 01962 East-central, Four Mile Creek, bas^ flow, reservoir contributions: Kunkle, George R. wells, 1965: Sisco, H. G. 01269 Geochemistry 00868 Aberdeen-Springfield area, water levels in Oxygen fugacity: Sato, Motoaki. 01219 Ground water, effects of 1964 Alaska wells, 1966: Sisco, H. G. 01270 Granitic earthquake: Coble, Ronald W. 00498 American Falls Reservoir area, Snake Plain Geochemistry, lead in coexisting feldspars: Mineralogy aquifer: Mundorff, M. J. 00414 Doe, BruceR. 00429 Ultramaflc Fluorite, Volga area, Maquoketa Shale: Henrys Fork region, lower area: Crosthwaite, Brown, C. Ervin. 01241 E.G. 01402 Physical properties, experimental deformation: Raleigh, C. B. 00676 Surface water National Reactor Testing Station, radioactive Rock River basin, floods: Carpenter, P. J. Volcanics waste disposal effects: Barraclough, J. T. 01263 01448 Geochemistry, gallium content of silicic: Noble, Donald C. 01797 Wapsinonoc Creek basin, flood, June 7, 1967: NRTS, chemical and radioactive tracers: Schwob.HarlanH. 01462 Morris, Donald A. 00461 Geochemistry, lead in coexisting feldspars: Doe, BruceR. 004 29 Iron Snake River upper basin, proposed artifical United States recharge of aquifer: Eagle, Henry C. 00482 Geochemistry, water pressures of magma source: Lipman, Peter W. 00689 General and map: Carr, M. S. 00440 Southwestern, ground-water monitoring Isotopes network: Dion, N. P. 00524 Physical properties, magnetic, glasses: Noble, Donald C. 01849 Hydrogen Maps, geochemical Atmosphere, tritium and deuterium in U.S.S.R., book review: Christiansen, Robert Coeur d'Alene district: Gott, Garland B. 00642 methane: Begemann, Friedrich. 01224 Maps, geologic L.01628 Illinois Atmosphere, tritium, deuterium: Begemann, Bancroft quadrangle: Oriel, S. S. 01411 Friedrich. 01591 Driggs quadrangle: Pampeyan, Earl H. 00123 Economic geology Fluorite-zinc, southern, genesis: Hall, W. E. Rain water, Japan, Tokyo, deuterium content: Spokane(Wash.) quadrangle, northeastern: 00900 Matsuo, Sadao. 00637 Griggs, A. B. 01497 Geochemistry Oxygen Mineralogy Southern, Hicks Dome fluorite-zinc deposits: Foraminifera, Pacific Ocean: Smith, P. B. Rhabdophane, Valley County, analyses, Hall, W. E. 00900 01983 optical data: Adams, John W. 00994 Hydrogeology Radioactive Paleontology Paducah (Ky.) area, ground-water resources: Research, United States: Doe, Bruce R. 00804 Conodonts, Mississippian, Milligen Lambert, T.W. 00212 Uranium Formation, Mackay area: Sandberg, Maps, floods Basalt, disequilibrium: Somayajulu, B. L. K. Charles A. 00020 Berwyn quadrangle: Noehre, A. W. 00547 00184 Fauna, Permian, Park City and Phosphoria Crystal Lake quadrangle: May, V. Jeff. 00770 Israel Formations: Yochelson, Ellis L. 00607 Elwood quadrangle: Alien, Howard E. 00085 Hydrogeology Foraminifera, Triassic, Thaynes Formation, Maps, ground water Central, aquifer system, artificial recharge southeastern: Schroeder, Marvin L. Paducah (Ky.) area: Lambert, T. W. 00212 possibilities: Schneider, Robert. 00711 01593 A330 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Israel Kentucky Kentucky Paleontology Economic geology Hydrogeology Cyprideinae, Metacytheropteron, Iron, limestone, clays. Clay City quadrangle: Mammoth Cave area, Mississippian paleogeography: Sohn, I. G. 01956 Simmons, George C. 00338 limestones: Cushman, R. V. 01662 Ostracoda, Triassic, Makhtesh Ramon area: Limestone, clays, Hopkinsville quadrangle: Mayfield area, Eocene aquifer, pumping test: Sohn, I. G. 02004 Klemic, Harry. 00055 Morgan, J.H. 00168 Limestone, Cobb quadrangle, occurrence: Milburn quadrangle, Eocene aquifers: Davis, A real geology Seeland, David A. 01052 R.W. 00139 Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01341 Limestone, Elkton quadrangle: Shawe, Fred Paducah area, aquifers: Lambert, T. W. 00212 Geochemistry R.00054 Maps, geologic Basalts, Pb, U, Th, Pb isotopes: Tatsumoto, Berea quadrangle: Weir, Gordon W. 00335 Limestone, Frankfort East quadrangle, Brodhead quadrangle: Gualtieri, J. L. 00447 M. 01738 Tyrone Limestone: Pomeroy, J. S. 01055 Petrology Center quadrangle: Miller, Robert C. 00343 Aso Caldera, ash-flow, simularity to original Limestone, Pembroke quadrangle, Centerville quadrangle: Kanizay, S. P. 00251 magma: Lipman, Peter W. 01244 occurrence: Moore, Samuel L. 01054 Clay City quadrangle: Simmons, George C. Jupiter Limestone, petroleum. Park quadrangle: 00338 A tmosphere Moore, Samuel L. 00049 Clintonville quadrangle: MacQuown, W. C., Upper, chemistry: Saslaw, William C. 00179 Limestone, Russellville quadrangle: Miller, Jr. 01060 Surface Robert C. 01058 Cobb quadrangle: Seeland, David A. 01052 Thermal radiation: Wildey, Robert L. 01192 Mineral resources, Berea quadrangle: Weir, Coiltown quadrangle: Franklin, George J. Kansas Gordon W. 00335 00048 Hydrogeology Mineral resources, Clintonville quadrangle: Coletown quadrangle: Black, Douglas F. B. Brown County, ground-water resources: MacQuown, W. C., Jr. 01060 00052 Bayne, Charles K. 00733 Mineral resources, Coletown quadrangle: Dorton quadrangle: Barr, J. L. 01053 Cimarron River basin, ground-water: U.S. Black, Douglas F. B. 00052 Dubre quadrangle: Lewis, Richard Q., Sr. Geological Survey. 00618 Mineral resources, Dundee quadrangle: 00445 Labette County, ground-water resources: Goudarzi, Gus H. 01097 Dundee quadrangle: Goudarzi, Gus H. 01097 Jungmann, William L. 00917 Mineral resources, Ezel quadrangle: Elkton quadrangle: Shawe, Fred R. 00054 Maps, ground water Pipiringos, G.N. 01601 Ezel quadrangle: Pipiringos, G. N. 01601 General availability: Bayne, Charles K. 00521 Mineral resources, Lexington East Frankfort East quadrangle: Pomeroy, J. S. Labette County: Jungmann, William L. 00917 quadrangle: MacQuown, William C., 01055 Stratigraphy Jr. 00563 Frogue quadrangle: Lewis, Fichard Q., Sr. Permian, Interval B: Mudge, M. R. 00325 Mineral resources, Olney quadrangle: Trace, 00787 Permian, paleogeography: Mudge, Melville R. Robert D. 02038 Grayson quadrangle: Whittington, Charles L. 00234 Mineral resources, Shepherdsville quadrangle: 00059 Surface water Kepferle, Roy C. 01603 Hartford quadrangle: Goudarzi, Gus H. Stream flow, summary tables: Burns, C. V. Mineral resources, Tollesboro quadrangle: 01101 00478 Peck,JohnH.00337 Hollyhill quadrangle: Loney, Robert A. 00046 Stream sites, ungaged, methods of estimating Mineral resources, Vine Grove quadrangle: Hopkinsville quadrangle: Klemic, Harry. base flow: Furness, L. W. 00035 Kepferle, Roy C. 00053 00055 Wichita area, flood runoff from partially Mineral resources, Wildie quadrangle: Johnetta quadrangle: Gualtieri, J. L. 01833 urbanized areas: James, I. C., 2d. 01536 Gualtieri, J.L. 01598 Johnson Hollow quadrangle, part: Klemic, Kentucky Mineral resources, Wofford quadrangle: Harry. 01146 A real geology Smith, J. Hiram. 00047 Joppa quadrangle: Finch, Warren I. 00250 Elk Valley area: Englund, Kenneth J. 02046 Natural gas, clays. Palmer quadrangle: Leatherwood quadrangle: Prcstka, Harold J. Northeastern, field trip: Peck, John H. 01639 Simmons, George C. 00803 01145 Economic geology ' Petroleum and natural gas, Redbush Lebanon Junction quadrangle: Peterson, Coal, Elk Valley area: Englund, Kenneth J. quadrangle, occurrence: Rice, Charles L. Warren L. 00043 02046 00864 Lexington East quadrangle: MacQuown, Coal, Hartford quadrangle, occurrence: Petroleum, Dubre quadrangle, occurrence: William C., Jr. 00563 Goudarzi, GusH.01101 Lewis, Richard Q., Sr. 00445 McDowell quadrangle: Rice, Charles L. 01059 Coal, Hollyhill quadrangle: Loney, Robert A. Petroleum, limestone, Frogue quadrangle, Millard quadrangle: Jenkins, Evan C. 00253 00046 occurrence: Lewis, Richard Q-. Sr. Moberly quadrangle: Greene, Robert C. Coal, Leatherwood quadrangle, beds: 00787 00564 Prostka, Harold J. 01145 Petroleum, natural gas, coal, limestone, Olaton quadrangle: Johnson, William D., Jr. Coal, limestone, Johnetta quadrangle: Olaton quadrangle: Johnson, William D., 01056 Gualtieri, J.L. 01833 Jr. 01056 Olney quadrangle: Trace, Robert D. 02038 Coal, natural gas, Coiltown quadrangle, Petroleum, natural gas, limestone. Center Palmer quadrangle: Simmons, George C. occurrences: Franklin, George J. quadrangle: Miller, Robert C. 00343 00803 00048 Panola quadrangle: Greene, Robert C. 01057 Petroleum, Quality quadrangle, occurrence: Park quadrangle: Moore, Samuel L. 00049 Coal, natural gas, Dorton quadrangle: Barr, Gildersleeve, Benjamin. 00863 J.L. 01053 Pembroke quadrangle: Moore, Samuel L. Engineering geology 01054 Coal, natural gas, McDowell quadrangle: Cave damage, Mammoth Cave National Rice, Charles L. 01059 Preston quadrangle: Rice, C'larles L. 00063 Park: Osterwald, Frank W. 01294 Quality quadrangle: Gildersbeve, Benjamin. Coal, natural gas, Millard quadrangle: Landslides, Wofford quadrangle: Smith, J. Jenkins, Evan C. 00253 00863 Hiram. 00047 Redbush quadrangle: Rice, Charles L. 00864 Coal, petroleum, natural gas, Rockholds Materials, properties, Coletown quadrangle: Roaring Spring quadrangle: Klemic, Harry. quadrangle: Smith, J. Hiram. 00444 Black, Douglas F. B. 00052 00056 Coal, petroleum, natural gas. Saint Charles Materials, properties, Joppa quadrangle: Rockholds quadrangle: Smith, J. Hiram. quadrangle: Palmer, James E. 00446 Finch, Warren 1.00250 00444 Construction materials, Brodhead Materials, properties, Tollesboro quadrangle: Russellville quadrangle: Miller, Robert C. quadrangle: Gualtieri, J. L. 00447 Peck, John H. 00337 01058 Construction -materials, Panola quadrangle: Hydrogeology Saint Charles quadrangle: Palmer, James E. Greene, Robert C. 01057 Blandville quadrangle. Eocene aquifers: 00446 Fluorspar, limestone, Smithland quadrangle: Hansen, Arnold J., Jr. 01094 Shepherdsville quadrangle: Kepferle, Roy C. Amos, Dewey H. 00252 Cayce quadrangle. Eocene sand aquifers: 01603 Gravel, Johnson Hollow quadrangle: Klemic, Hansen, Arnold J., Jr. 00083 Smithland quadrangle: Amos, Dewey H. Harry. 01146 Fulton County, southwestern. Eocene and 00252 Gravel, Joppa quadrangle: Finch, Warren I. Quaternary aquifers: Lambert, T. W. 00433 Tollesboro quadrangle: Peck, John H. 00337 00250 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A331

Kentucky Liberia Magnesium Maps, geologic A real geology Geochemistry Vine Grove quadrangle: Kepferle, Roy C. Western, reconnaissance: Leo, Gerhard W. Translocation into plants: Lovering, T. S 00053 01373 01565 Wildie quadrangle: Gualtieri, J. L. 01598 Economic geology Magnetic field, Earth Williamsburg quadrangle: Tabor, Rowland Barite, Gibi area, veins: Pomerene, Joel B. Declination W. 00065 00465 China, medieval time: Smith, Peter J. 00182 Wofford quadrangle: Smith, J. Hiram. 00047 Mineralogy Secular variations Maps, ground water Kyanite, Mount Montro deposit: Stanin, S. Alaska, Quaternary: Cox, Allan. 00322 Blandville quadrangle: Hansen. Arnold J., Jr. Anthony. 01473 Magnetic methods 01094 Libya A irborne Cayce quadrangle: Hansen, Arnold J., Jr. A real geology Automatic data processing: Evenden, G. I. 00083 Reconnaissance: Goudarzi, Gus H. 01281 00376 Milburn quadrangle: Davis, R. W. 00139 Water resources Interpretation New Madrid SE, Hubbard Lake, Bondurant Agedabia area, municipal use: Jones, J. R. Anomalies, aeromagnetic, use of remanent quadrangles: Lambert, T. W. 00433 01288 magnetization field: Zietz, Isidore. 00698 Paducah area: Lambert, T. W. 00212 Limnology Anomalies, total-intensity, magnetic-do"blet Maps, structure General theory: Henderson, Roland G. 00599 Blackford quadrangle, faults: Amos, Dewey Book review, "Treatise on limnology," V. 2: Anomaly trends, fan filters in computer H.01887 Bradley, W.H. 00704 analysis: Robinson, Edwin S. 00378 Ford quadrangle: Black, D. F. B. 00726 Second vertical derivatives, calculation Louisiana formulas: Henderson, Roland G. Little Hickman quadrangle: Wolcott, Don E. Engineering geology 00723 00598 Land subsidence. Baton Raouge area: Davis, Three-dimensional bodies, aeromagnetic George H. 01769 Nicholasville quadrangle: MacQuown, W. C. anomaly, polar charts: Henderson, Roland 00724 Hydrogeology G.00600 Salvisa quadrangle: Cressman, Earle R. 00725 Ground-water levels, 1960-64: U.S. Two-dimensional bodies, total-intensity Paleontology Geological Survey. 00247 anomaly, polar chart: Henderson, Roland Brachiopoda, Ordovician, Lexington Northern and central, Sparta Sand lithofacies, G.00818 Limestone: Neuman, Robert B. 00119 hydrologic significance: Payne, J. N. 01116 Magnetic properties Mollusca, Pennsylvanian, Kendrick Shale, Pointe Coupee Parish, resources: Winner, M. Ilmenite shell composition: Yochelson, Ellis L. D., Jr. 01864 Basalt suites of paleomagnetic significance: 00375 Southwestern, ground-water levels and salt­ Smith, Peter J. 00417 Palynology, Pennsylvanian: Kosanke, Robert water intrusion: Harder, A. H. 00285 Rocks M. 00613 Hydrology Induced, remanent: Doell, Richard. 00666 Trilobita, Ordovician, Middle, Upper: Ross, Southeastern, unit hydrographs: Sauer, V. B. Techniques Reuben James, Jr. 00241 01857 Induced and remanent magnetization, rapid Sedimentary petrology Stratigraphy estimation: Jahren, C. E. 01507 Northwestern, clay minerals, Jurassic, Upper: Pennsylvanian, Dawson Springs No. 6 coal Titanomagnetite bed, correlation: Kehn, T. M. 00026 Dickinson, Kendell A. 01951 Basalt suites of paleomagnetic significance: Stratigraphy Pennsylvanian, Lee-Breathitt Formations, Smith, Peter J. 00417 Jurassic, Upper, northwestern: Dickinson, Magnetic surveys nomenclature: Loney, Robert A. Kendell A. 02027 00046 Pennsylvania Jurassic-Recent, Tatum salt dome area: Southeastern, airborne: Bromery, R. W. Weathering Eargle, D.Hoye. 01229 00346 Western, Peorian Loess: Ray, Louis L. 00393 Structural geology Maiue Korea Tatum salt dome area: Eargle, D. Hoye. 01229 A real geology A real geology Surface water Arnold Pond quadrangle: Harwood, Divid S. Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01341 Chemical quality, 1959-63: Duncan, A. C. 01374 Lake superior region 00525 Edmunds Unit, Moosehorn National Wildlife Geophysical surveys Mississippi River, Baton Rouge to New Refuge: Pease, Maurice H., Jr. 00535 Electrical, iron formations and adjacent rocks: Orleans, solutes, time of travel: Stewart, M. Greenville quadrangle: Espenshade, G. H. Zablocki, C. J. 00837 R.00122 00117 Project Early Rise, seismic: Warren, D. H. Streams, records of gaging stations, statistical: 01897 Cook, M.F. 01276 Shin Pond and Stacyville quadrangles: Neuman, Robert B. 00357 Lakes Tickfaw River, streamflow data near Geochemistry Magnolia: Neely, Braxtel, L., Jr. 01461 Upper Saint John and Allagash River basins: Boudette, Eugene L. 01258 Oregon, Abert and Summer Lakes: Water Resources VanDenburgh, A. S. 01843 Lake Pontchartrain area: Cardwell, G. T. Geochemistry Silica in alkaline brines: Jones, Blair F. 00905 00523 Manganese in stream sediments, relation to Luminescence cold-extractable heavy metals: Canney, F. Landform evolution Limestone C.00684 Processes Visible and ultraviolet, Saudi Arabia, Indiana: Southeastern, geochemical prospecting: Post, Thermodynamic analogy, extension of Watts, H.V. 01521 Edwin V. 00560 concept: Scheidegger, A. E. 00649 Methods Lava Hydrogeology Far infrared: Stoddard, A. E. 01302 Androscoggin River basin area, lower, basic Geochemistry Rocks data: Prescott, Glenn C., Jr. 01297 Historic flows, Ar40-Ar36 ratios: Dalrymple, Ultraviolet measurements, vacuum: Watts, H. G. Brent. 01176 Maps, geochemical V.01384 Rangeley, Phillips, and Rumford quad-angles, Viscosity heavy metals: Moench, Robert H. 01486 Hawaii: Shaw, Herbert R. 01188 Magmas Differentiation Southeastern, heavy metals in stream Lead Water pressures, tuff formation: Lipman, sediments: Post, Edwin V. 00560 Geochemistry Peter W. 00689 Distribution in coexisting feldspars: Doe, Maps, geologic Geochemistry BruceR. 00429 Preliminary: Hussey, Arthur M. 00672 Iron-titanium oxide phenocrysts, reduction Isotopes Rangeley and Phillips quadrangles: Moench, during eruption, Hawaii: Anderson, A. T. Robert H. 01486 Pb-206, -207, -208, ore deposits, periodicity: 01171 Pierce, Arthur P. 01708 Stratigraphy Phosphorus, distribution during Paleozoic, Cupsuptic quadrangle: Harwood, crystallization: Anderson, A. T. David S. 00369 01582 A332 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Mammalia Massachusetts Massachusetts A rvicolinae A real geology Maps, geologic Mandibular musculature: Repenning, Charles Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge: Koteff, Orleans quadrangle: Oldale, R. N. 01489 A.01649 Carl. 00449 Parker and Rowley Rive* basins, surficial: Geographic distribution Monson area, stratigraphy and structure: Sammel, E. A.00705 Quaternary, disperions, correlations: Peper, John D. 00472 Rowe quadrangle: Chidester, A. H. 00333 Repenning, Charles A. 00114 Springfield South quadrangle: Hartshorn, Shrewsburg quadrangle, surficial: Shaw, C. Man, fossil Joseph H. 00753 E., Jr. 01535 Age Economic geology Springfield South quadrangle: Hartshorn, Bauxite, Martha's Vineyard, occurrence: Absolute methods, validity controls: Pecora, Joseph H. 00753 William T. 00674 Kaye, Clifford A. 01812 Mineral resources, Rowe quadrangle: Wellfleet quadrangle: Oldah, Robert N. Mantle 01490 Experimental studies Chidester,A. H.00333 Mineral resources, western "mineral belt", Whitman quadrangle, surfical: Petersen, Upper, plastic deformation, silicate minerals: RichardG. 00507 Raleigh, C. B. 00677 possibilities: Quinn, Alonzo W. 00274 Maps, ground water Physical properties Massachusetts Parker and Rowley River basins: Sammel, E. Strength, viscosity, from water and earth Engineering geology A.00705 loads: Crittenden, Max D., Jr. 00822 Materials, properties, Boston area, Processes kaolinization of bedrock: Kaye, Clifford A. Maps, mineral resources Convection, evidence, Aleutian Arc: Plafker, 00027 Blandford quadrangle, construction materials: George. 01987 General Holmes, G.William. 01410 Structure Book review, "A geologist's view of Cape Cheshire quadrangle, construction materials: Hawaiian Islands: Jackson, Everett D. 01974 Cod": Hack, John T. 00895 Holmes, G. William. 014C« Marine geology Boston area, geological map compilation: Chester quadrangle, construction materials: Bottom features Kaye, Clifford A. 00268 Holmes, G. William. 01358 Continental shelf, color photography: U.S. Geological Survey, role: Page, Lincoln East Lee quadrangle: Koines, G. William. Trumbull,J. V. A.01594 R.00275 01285 Methods Geomorphology Goshen quadrangle, construction materials: Vehicle, DSRV ALVIN: Schlee, John S. Boston Harbor, Long Island, West Head, Holmes, G. William. 00614 erosion: Kaye, Clifford A. 00269 01815 Hancock quadrangle, cons^uction materials: Geophysical surveys Sediments Holmes, G. William. 0135* Massachusetts-Florida, suspended matter: Highway construction, seismic: Tuttle, C. R. 00273 North Adams quadrangle, CTnstruction Manheim.F.T. 01813 materials: Holmes, G. William. 01472 Maryland Western, magnetic, radioactivity, airborne: Pittsfield East quadrangle, construction Economic geology Bromery, Randolph W. 00272 materials: Holmes, G. Wifliam. 01408 Clays, Calvert and St. Marys Counties, St. Glacial geology Marys Formation: (Cnechtel, Maxwell M. Cape Cod, glacial deposits, formation: Plainfield quadrangle, construction materials: 00134 Hartshorn, J.H. 00277 Holmes, G. William. 01407 Gold, Great Falls area: Reed, John C., Jr. Connecticut River valley, drainage history: Woronoco quadrangle, construction 00487 Cederstrom, D. J. 00265 materials: Holmes, G. William. 00727 General Connecticut Valley, glacial Lake Hitchcock, Petrology Ecology, Patuxent River estuary, epifauna: stages: Hartshorn, Joseph H. 00474 Athol quadrangle: Mook, Anita Louise. 01383 Cory, Robert L. 00457 Hanover quadrangle: Shaw, Charles E., Jr. Sedimentary petrology Geophysical surveys 00432 Boston area, kaolinization of bedrock: Kaye, Piedmont, magnetic and radioactivity, Whitman quadrangle: Petersen, Richard G. Clifford A. 00027 airborne: Neuschel, Sherman K. 01247 00507 Cape Cod, sand, dark-mineral accumulations, Hydrogeology Hydrogeology wave and wind transport: Trumbull, James Crisfield-Janes Island State Park area, Connecticut River valley, ground-water V.A.01018 Cretaceous-Miocene, well data: Hansen, resources: Cederstrom, D. J. 00265 Stratigraphy Harry J., 3d. 00880 Ground-water levels, effect of drought: Knox, Ordovician, Hawley Format;on, western: Potomac River, Point of Rocks area, base- C. E. 00266 Hatch, Norman L., Jr. 00413 flow study: Hanson, Ronald L. 00036 Ground-water program, U.S. Geological Silurian-Devonian, Goshen Formation, Maps, aeromagnetic Survey: Petersen, Richard G. 00264 western: Hatch, Norman L., Jr. 00413 Baltimore County and City: Bromery, Ten Mile and Taunton River basins, northern, Structural geology Randolph W. 00347 basic data: Williams, John R. 01309 New York border-Atlantic Ocean, block Maps, gravity Maps, aeromagnetic diagram: Raisz, Erwin. 00311 Baltimore County and City: Bromery, Chester quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. Surface water Randolph W. 00348 02018 Merrimack River estuary, ci-culation, infrared Paleontology East Brookfield quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. imagery: Wiesnet, Donald R. 01917 Ostracoda, Paleocene, Brightseat Formation: 01036 Water resources Hazel, Joseph E. 01050 Goshen-Ashfield quadrangles: U.S. Parker and Rowley River basins: Sammel, E. Petrology Geological Survey. 02019 A.00705 Baltimore Gabbro, genesis as alpine intrusive: Leicester quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. 01609 Weathering Thayer, T. P.00481 Ludlow quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. 01034 Boston area, kaolinization of bedrock: Kaye, Harford County, paragneiss: Southwick, D. Mount Tom quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. Clifford A. 00027 L. 01748 01037 Mercury Stratigraphy Palmer quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. 01032 Genesis Mississippian, western, Lower, correlation: Springfield North quadrangle: Popenoe, Associated thermal and mineral waters: deWitt, Wallace, Jr. 01237 Peter. 01033 White, Donald E. 00202 Paleocene, Brightseat Formation: Hazel, J. E. Warren quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. 01035 Geochemistry 01661 Westhampton quadrangle: U.S. Geological Transport and deposition: White, Donald E. Precambrian, Glenarm Series, nomenclature, Survey. 02021 00202 revision: Southwick, David L. 00881 Worcester South quadrangle: Popenoe, Peter. Metals Weathering 01608 Abundance Annapolis area, Aquia Greensand: Wolff, R. Worthington quadrangle: U.S. Geological Problem of capability: Lovering, Thomas S. G.00574 Survey. 02020 00673 Massachusetts Maps, geologic Metamorphic rocks A real geology Hanover quadrangle, surficial: Shaw, Charles Serpentinite Berkshire anticlinorium, east limb, E., Jr. 00432 Geochemistry, metasomatism as constant stratigraphy, structure, field trip: Hatch, Harwich quadrangle: Oldale, Robert N. 00611 volume process: Page, Norman J. 00146 Norman L., Jr. 00473 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A333

Metamorphism Microscope methods Mineral data Dynamic Spindle stage Prehnite Meteor craters, impact criteria: Chao, E. C. Optic angle determination: Noble, Donald C. Austria, Tyrol, ordering of tetrahedral T.00454 01621 aluminum: Papike, J. J. 00821 Grade Optic angle determination: Wilcox, Ray E. Rhabdophane Blueschist facies, relation to thrust faulting: 01627 Idaho, Valley County, analyses, optics! data: Blake, M.C., Jr. 01957 Midway Islands Adams, John W. 00994 Meteor craters General Rutile Criteria Deep drilling project: Ladd, Harry S. 01643 Colorado, Jefferson and Clear Creek Impact metomorphism: Chao, E. C. T. 00454 Mineral data Counties: Sheridan, Douglas M. 01830 Meteorites A lum inocopiapite Shattuckite Composition Optical, chemical, X-ray diffraction: Jolly, Formula: Vlisidis, Angelina C. 00423 Mean atomic weight, cf. planets and Earth: James H. 00430 Sulfldes Anderson, Don L. 00578 Alunite Stabilities, mineral deposit genesis: Barton, Genesis Formation, ion pairing, sulfate solutions: Paul B. 00203 Eucrites, howardites, mesosiderites, lunar: Truesdell,A.H.01648 Thorium Duke, Michael B. 00800 A nalcite General description, geochemistry: Overstreet, Murray California, composition, description: Gude, William C. 00238 Accretion, chondrule formation: Elston, Arthur J.,3d. 00823 Titanomagnetite Donald P. 01504 Biotite Composition, magnetic properties: Smith, Petrology California, Cartridge Pass pluton, analyses, Peter J. 00417 Eucrites, howardites, mesosiderites: Duke, relation to zoning: Dodge, F. C. W. 00988 Topaz Michael B. 00800 Buetschliite Colorado, Jefferson and Clear Creek Mexico Synthesis and properties: Mrose, Mary E. Counties: Sheridan, Douglas M. 01830 A bsolute age 01694 Tourmaline Providencia area, ore deposits, methods: Calcite Structure, absolute orientation: Donnay, Lanphere, Marvin A. 00520 Composition, black: Hewett, D. F. 00271 Gabrielle. 00667 Econom ic geology Celadonite Mineral deposits, genesis Lead, zinc, Providencia area, age: Lanphere, Nevada, Reno area, comparative study: Base metals Marvin A. 00520 Foster, Margaret D. 00742 Associated thermal and mineral waters: Geochemistry Chrysotile White, Donald E. 00202 Providencia, fluid inclusions, O-18 content of Activity product: Hostetler, P. B. 01876 Mercury water: Rye, Robert O. 01184 Clinoamphibole Associated thermal and mineral waters: Hydrogeology Structure, exsolution in metamorphic rocks: White, Donald E. 00202 Yucatan Peninsula, Tertiary limestone karst: Ross, Malcolm. 00879 O re-fo rming fluids Back, William. 00638 Clinoptilolite Temperature, factors affecting: Toulmin, Maps, geomorphologic Chemical analyses, cell parameters: Shepard, Priestley, 3d. 00201 Bahia de Campeche area, relation to AnnaO.00694 Strata-bound submarine topography: Uchupi, Elazar. Clinopyroxene Lead-zinc, Mississippi Valley type, connate 01061 Structure, nomenclature scheme: Burnham, water origin: White, Donald E. 01127 Maps, soils Charles W. 00840 Mississippi Valley type, isotopes, types, source: Cannon, R. S. 01129 Classification, from space photography: Cocinerite Morrison, Roger B. 01902 Structural controls Discredited: Skinner, Brian J. 00621 Volcanic centers, spatial relations: Albers, Mineralogy Diopside Cocinerite, Ramos area, Cocinera mine, John P. 01698 Twinning, mechanical in deformed: Raleigh, Mineral economics discredited: Skinner, Brian J. 00621 C.B. 02202 Structural geology General Djurleite Northern, surface faulting, historic, geometric Mineral leasing, federal: Wayland, Russell G. Structure: Takeda, Hiroshi. 00841 aspects: Bonilla, M. G. 01257 01635 Sonora, northwestern: King, Philip B. 01724 Twinning: Takeda, Hiroshi. 00842 Resources and rates of consumption: Michigan Fairchildite Hubbert, M.King. 01213 A real geology Synthesis and properties: Mrose, Mary E. Oil shale Huron, Michigan Islands, Seney National 01694 Competitive aspects of development: Wildlife Refuges: Dutton, Carl E. 00815 Fluoberyllate Wayland, Russell G. 01636 Mineral exploration Iron River-Crystal Falls district: James, H. L. Synthetic, X-ray and optical data, possible natural mineral: Griffitts, Wallace R. 01135 General 02045 Locatability vs. leasability: Wayland, Russell Economic gology Glauconite Composition, properties, effect of weathering: G.01637 Iron, Iron River-Crystal Falls district: James, Photogeologic methods H.L. 02045 Wolff, R.G.00574 Heulandite Space photos: Fischer, William A. 0089C Hydrogeology Chemical analyses, cell parameters: Shepard, Programs Ground-water conditions, 1966: Giroux, P. R. Anna O.00694 Developments, 1967: Erickson, Ralph L. 01280 Ilmenite 00627 Iron County, ground-water resources: Composition, magnetic properties: Smith, Mineral resonrces Doonan, Charles J. 00435 Peter J. 00417 Exploration Kalamazoo area, artificial recharge, induced Mica Methods, satellite: Fischer, William A. 01211 interaquifer leakage: Deutsch, Morris. Ephseite-margarite series: Schaller, W. T. Mineralogy 00712 01626 Composition Maps, water resources Tetrasilicic dioctahedral, analyses and atomic Formula derivation from analyses, computer- Southeastern, Pine River basin: Knutilla, R. ratios: Foster, Margaret D. 00742 based method: Jackson, Everett D. 00004 L.01880 Monazite General Book review, "Ontogeny of minerals": Brett, Surface water General description, geochemistry: Overstreet, North Branch Clinton River basin: Knutilla, William C. 00238 Robin. 00125 R.L. 00165 Nolanite Identification techniques Water resources Australia, western, Kalgoorlie district: Taylor, Gold, absorption spectrometry: Huffmrn, Marquette Iron Range area: Wiitala, S. W. Charles M. 00620 Claude, Jr. 00105 00073 Orthopyroxenes Methods South Africa, Bushveld Complex: Anorthoclase, staining: Ford, Arthur B. 01619 Desborough, George A. 00987 Nomenclature Phlopogite Internat. Mineralog. Assoc., Names Stability, low pressure: Wones, David R. Commission, responsibilities: Hooker, 00884 Marjorie. 00500 A334 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Mineralogy Mississippi Valley Montana Physical properties Hydrogeology Maps, gravity X-ray crystallographic data, molar volumes, Embayment, east of river, resources: Boswell, Bearpaw Mountains area: Pe'erson, Donald densities: Robie, Richard A. 00769 E. H. 01874 L.01471 Minnesota Missouri Mineralogy Absolute age Geophysical surveys Manganese, silver, zinc, Philnsburg district: Granite Falls area, mafic dikes: Hanson, G. Northern and southern, seismic refraction Prinz, William C. 00090 N.00889 profiles: Stewart, S. W. 01553 Paleontology Geochemistry Petrology Fauna, Permian, Park City, Shrdhorn, Mesabi Range, manganoan axinite: French, Iron County, diabase, differentiation: Phosphoria Formations: Yochelson, Ellis L. BevanM.01681 Desborough, George A. 00634 00607 Glacial geology Surface water Petrology Northwestern, Lake Agassiz, linear Northwestern, floods, July 18-23, 1965: Boulder batholith, zoning: Tilling, Robert I. sedimentary bodies: Winter, Thomas C. Bowie, James E. 00479 01739 01595 Streams, storage requirements for low flows: Chromitites, Stillwater Complex, sulfide- and Hydrogeology Skelton, John. 01169 platinum-group minerals: Page, Norman J. Grand Rapids area: Oakes, E. L. 01534 Mollusca 00382 Maps, aeromagnetic General Diatremes, Missouri River Breaks: Hearn, B. Kabetogama Lake-Grassy Lake area: Book review, "Mollusca from the Upper Carter, Jr. 00827 Krizman, R.W. 01607 Cretaceous Jalama Formation,..., Stillwater Complex, ultramafic cumulates: McNair-Grand Portage area: U.S. Geological California": Sohl, N. F. 00829 Jackson, Everett D. 00688 Survey. 01499 Paleozoic Stratigraphy Bibliographic index, North America: Cretaceous, Crazy Mountains basin area: Maps, ground water Yochelson, E. L. 00542 Grand Rapids area: Oakes, E. L. 01534 McMannis, William J. 01966 Polylopia billingsi Devonian and Mississippian, Exshaw Maps, water resources Ordovician, Tennessee and Minnesota: Formation, northwestern, nomenclature: Northwestern, Two Rivers watershed: Yochelson, EllisL. 01832 Sandberg, Charles A. 00572 Maclay, R.W. 00752 Monazite Devonian-Mississippian, Cottonwood Sedimentary petrology General Canyon Member of Mad;son: Sandberg, Lake Agassiz, sand and gravel deposits: Genesis, occurrence, geochemistry, reserves, Charles A. 00350 Winter, Thomas C. 01595 production: Overstreet, William C. Mississippian, depositional provinces: Sando, Water resources 00238 William J. 00371 Northwestern, Two Rivers watershed: Montana Mississippian-Pennsylvanian, Big Snowy and Maclay, R.W. 00752 A bsolute age Amsden Groups: Maughan. Edwin K. Mississippi Sun River area, Precambrian, Rb-Sr, K-Ar: 00103 Geomorphology Obradovich, John D. 01798 Permian, paleogeography, eastern: Maughan, Jackson area, flood frequency, urban Economic geology Edwin K. 00766 influence: Wilson, K. V. 00402 Gold, southwestern, placer possibilities: Permian, southwestern: Sheldon, Richard P. Geophysical surveys Ruppel, Edward T. 00633 00767 Tatum salt dome, explosions, seismic Mineral resources, Philipsburg district: Prinz, Structural geology measurements: Borcherdt, R. D. William C. 00090 Hatfield Mountain quadrang'e: Skipp, Betty. 01336 Platinum, Stillwater Complex, possibilities: 01100 Hydrogeology Page, Norman J. 00382 Surface water Gulf coast, test-well exploration, deep Geochemistry Clark Fork, Saint Regis area, temperature aquifers: Newcome, Roy, Jr. 00755 Sun River area, natural licks, mudstones and effects on winter runoff: Simons, W. D. Jackson County, ground-water levels and springs: Knight, Richard R. 00645 00544 quality: Shattles, D. E. 00545 Geophysical surveys Northwestern, floods, 1964: Boner, F. C. Southern, Sparta Sand lithofacies, hydrologic Bearpaw Mountains area, facts for gravity 00300 significance: Payne, J. N. 01116 stations: Peterson, Donald L. 01295 Small drainage areas, annual peak discharges: Tatum dome area, ground-water quality, Large Aperture Seismic Array area, Johnson, M.V. 00737 influence of salt dome: Taylor, R. E. 00187 aeromagnetic and gravity: Zietz, Isidore. Moon Tatum salt dome area, Salmon Event, effect 01494 Exploration on water wells: Taylor, R. E. 01303 Geologic, first manned mission, expected: Tatum salt dome area, Salmon Event, effect Large Aperture Seismic Array, seismic- refraction profile: Borcherdt, C. A. 01485 Shoemaker, Eugene M. 01977 on water wells: Taylor, R. E. 01304 Geologic, orbiter photograph" Rowan, L. C. Hydrology Northwestern, disturbed belt, magnetic and gravity: Kleinkopf, M. D. 01179 01973 Southwestern, unit hydrographs: Sauer, V. B. Geologic, post-Apollo manned mission: Glacial geology 01857 Swann, G. A. 01979 Glacier National Park, glacier observations, Mineralogy Geologic, program, long ra*rge: Karlstrom, 1966-67: Johnson, Arthur. 01963 Tatum dome, salt and cap rock: Schlocker, J. ThorN.V. 01976 01592 Hydrogeology Geologic, television pictures, use: Morris, E. Petrology Cut Bank area, ground-water resources: C.02001 Tatum dome, salt and cap rock: Schlocker, J. Zimmerman, Everett A. 00193 Marius Hills region, plan: Karlstrom, T. N. 01592 Maps, aeromagnetic V. 01508 Stratigraphy Great Falls-Brown Lake area: U.S. Petrology, thin section and photomicrograph, Jurassic-Recent, Tatum salt dome area: Geological Survey. 01372 studies: Ulrich, G. E. 01806 Eargle, D. Hoye. 01229 Maps, floods Precursor probes, geologic results: McCauley, Structural geology Flathead River, Columbia Falls-Flathead John F. 00796 Tatum salt dome area: Eargle, D. Hoye. 01229 Lake: Boner, F. C. 00300 Seismic experiment, ALSET: Watkins, Joel S. Surface water Maps, geologic 01891 Big Black River, selected subbasins, low flow: Arsenic Peak quadrangle: Mudge, Melville R. Techniques, geological, development: Thomson, F.H. 00316 00211 Chidester, Alfred H. 01995 Floods, 1963: Neely, Braxtel L., Jr. 00171 Castle Reef quadrangle: Mudge, Melville R. Techniques, geological, terrestrial application: Water resources 00865 Brock, Maurice R. 01992 Harrison County: Newcome, Roy, Jr. 01104 Elkhorn Mountains, east flank, Broadwater Techniques, geophysical: Kan% Martin F. Mississippi Valley County: U.S. Geological Survey. 01406 01975 Economic geology Great Falls-Browns Lake area: Mudge, General Lead-zinc, geochemistry, lead isotopes: Melville R. 00722 Astrogeological studies, progress report, July 1965 to July 1966: U.S. Geological Survey. McKnight, Edwin T. 01128 Hatfield Mountain quadrangle: Skipp, Betty. 01518 01100 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A335

Moon Moon Nevada Geophysical surveys Surface features Engineering geology Analysis, computer programs: Regan, Robert Photography, Surveyor: Batson, Raymond M. Nuclear explosions, site selection: Eckel, D.01437 01207 Edwin B. 01784 Heat flow Stratigraphy, Earth-based telescope: Nuclear explosions, site selection:'Houser, F. Experimental study, proposed, permanently Wilhelms, Donald E. 01970 N.01793 shaded craters: Lachenbruch, Arthur H. Survey: Cook, Jerald J. 01385 Geochemistry 01225 Nebraska Golder-Tenabo area, anomalies: Wrucke Maps, geologic Geochemistry Chester T. 01031 Cassini quadrangle: Page, Norman J. 01439 Eastern, water-mineral relations, Quaternary Nye County, southern, Miocene lava, Copernicus quadrangle: Schmitt, H. H. 00100 deposits: Barnes, Ivan. 02012 composition: Anderson, R. E. 01776 Ellipse II-13-2 area: Titley, S. R. 01923 Steamboat Springs area, isotopes: White, Hydrogeology Ellipse II-8-3 area: Trask, N. J. 01924 Donald E. 00833 Ellipse II-l 1-2 area: Trask, N. J. 01925 Fillmore County, ground-water resources: Steamboat Springs area, sulfuric acid Ellipse II-2-1 area: Wilhelms, D. E. 01927 Keech,C.F.01105 production, bacteria in soil: Ehrlich, Garry Ellipse IH-11-8 area: West, M. N. 01926 Polk County, ground-water data: Smith, F. G.00016 Eudoxus quadrangle: Page, Norman J. 01930 A.01860 Geomorphology J. Herschel quadrangle: Ulrich, G. E. 01429 Saunders County, eastern, aquifers: Souders, Nevada Test Site, alluvial fans: Fernald, Julius Caesar quadrangle: Morris, Elliot C. V. L.00089 Arthur T. 01786 00096 York County, Cretaceous and Quaternary Geophysical surveys Lunar Orbiter site III-P-ll: Cummings, aquifers: Keech, C. F. 00565 Eastern, seismic, crustal structure: Hill, D. P. David. 01919 Hydrology 00602 Lunar Orbiter site III-P-12: Offield, T. W. Holt County, nitrate hazard in well water: Nevada Test Site, electric logging: Snyder, R. 01936 Engberg, Richard A. 00363 P.01804 Lunar Orbiter site IIl-P-9: Pohn, H. A. 01921 Maps, floods Nevada Test Site, gravity. Healey, D. L. 01789 Lunar Orbiter site II-P-2: Carr, M. H. 01918 Loup River basin, lower, August 1966: Nevada Test Site, logs: Carroll, Roderick D. Lunar Orbiter site II-P-6: Grolier, M. J. Shaffer, F. Butler. 00794 01782 01920 Maps, ground water Nevada Test Site, magnetic, airborne: Bath, Lunar Orbiter site II-P-8: Rowan, L. C. Saunders County, eastern: Souders, V. L. Gordon D. 01371 01937 00089 Ruby Mountains, gravity: Gibbs, J. F. 01001 Lunar Orbiter site II-P-11: Wilshire, H. G. Stratigraphy Yucca Flat, gravity and seismic: Healey, D. 01928 Permian, Interval B: Mudge, M. R. 00325 L.00836 Lunar Orbitor site II-P-13: Titley, S. R. Permian, paleogeography: Mudge, Melville R. Geothermal energy 01922 00234 Steamboat Springs wells: White, Donald E. Mare Vaporum quadrangle: Wilhelms, Don Surface water 00873 E.01605 Loup River basin, lower, flood August 1966: Hydrogeology Maurolycus quadrangle: Cozad, N. D. 01446 Shaffer, F. Butler. 00794 Amargosa Desert, tracer study, well Plato quadrangle: M'Gonigle, J. W. 01452 Water resources construction and testing: Johnston, Richard Rheita quadrangle: Stuart-Alexander, Desiree Antelope County: Souders, Vernon L. 00789 H.01942 E.01433 Nevada Central, hydrologic and chemical data: Rumker quadrangle: Eggleton, R. E. 01929 A bsolute age Robinson, B. P. 01435 Seleucus quadrangle: Moore, H. J. 00441 Nevada Test Site-Nellis Air Force Range: Humboldt River research project, Sinus Iridum quadrangle: Schaber, G. G. Ekren°E. B.0178] evapotranspiration studies: Robinson, T. 01434 Nye-Esmeralda Counties, volcanic rocks, K- W. 00177 Theophilus quadrangle: Milton, Daniel J. Ar: Kistler, Ronald W. 01794 Nevada Test Site, records of wells an-* test 01604 Ruby Mountains, Oligocene, granitic rocks: holes: Thordarson, William. 01432 Stratigraphy Willden, Ronald. 00735 Pahrump Valley, effects of pumping on General: Masurky, Harold A. 02000 A real geology reservoirs: Malmberg, Glenn T. 00120 General: Trask, Newell J. 00130 Connors Pass quadrangle: Drewes, Harald. South-central, ground-water movement, Surface 00239 controls: Winograd, Isaac J. 01807 Heat flow, orbiting satellite: Watson, Eureka County: Roberts, Ralph J. 00425 Steamboat Springs: White, Donald E. 00873 Kenneth. 01221 Nevada Test Site-Nellis Air Force Range: Steptoe Valley, resource appraisal: Eakin. Heat sources, nocturnal: Wildey, Robert L. Ekren, E. B.01848 Tho m as E. 00422 00488 Steamboat Springs area: White, Donald E. Warm Springs-Lemmon Valley area, ground- Materials, chemical analysis, basalt: Gault, D. 00833 water resources, problems: Rush, F. E.00668 Earthquakes Eugene. 01859 Materials, particle size: Shoemaker, E. M. California-Nevada fault zone: Pakiser, L. C. Washoe Valley, ground-water resources: 00695 01653 Rush, F. Eugene. 00556 Materials, texture, Surveyor III: Gault, D. Seismicity, crustal structure: Greensfelder, R. Hydrology 00669 01756 Diamond Valley, response to irrigation Oceanus Procellarum, Surveyor III, television Economic geology pumping: Harrill, J. R. 01817 pictures: Shoemaker, E. M. 00828 Barite, East Northumberland Canyon: Shawe, Maps, aeromagnetic Photometric properties: Rennilson, J. J. 01985 D.R. 00107 AuroraHuntoon Valley, Powell Mtn. Reflection and emission: Watson, Kenneth. Boron, occurrence, Cenozoic borates: Smith, quadrangles: U.S. Geological 01982 Ward C. 01978 Survey. 01329 Surface features Gold, Cortez area, Roberts Mts. thrust plate: Austin region: U.S. Geological Survey. 01906 Craters, cf. Arizona crater field: Bailey, Wells.J. D. 01697 Austin, Spencer Hot Springs, Wildcat Peak Norman G. 01389 Gold, north-central: Roberts, R. J. 00835 quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey. 01393 Craters, gravity scaling: Moore, Henry J. Metals, Eureka County: Roberts, Ralph J. 01144 00425 Battle Mountain-Dunphy quadrangles: U.S. Craters, impact: Moore, Henry J. 02002 Geological Survey. 01907 Metals, Lander County, southern, favorable Interpretation of Surveyor I photos: Holt, H. Benton, Davis Mtn. quadrangles: U.S. areas: Stewart, John H. 01103 E.00516 Geological Survey. 01330 Lunar Orbiter photographs: Trask, Newell J. Mineral deposits, volcanic centers, spatial Beowawe and Carlin quadrangles: Anderson, 00795 relation: Albers, John P. 01698 B. M. 01254 Nature, geologic mapping: McCauley, J. F. Phosphate, northeastern: Gere, W. C. 00670 Bonnie Claire, Grapevine Canyon 1, 01087 Silver-gold, Cornucopia mining district, age Springdale quadrangles: U.S. Geological Photography, photoclinometry: Watson, relations: Coats, R. R. 00448 Survey. 01375 Kenneth. 01580 Bridgeport (Calif.) quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. 01327 A336 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Nevada Nevada Nevada Maps, aeromagnetic Maps, geologic Stratigraphy Bullfrog and Bare Mtn. quadrangles: U.S. Ammonia Tanks quadrangle: Hinrichs, E. Pahute Mesa to Enterprise, Utah: Barosh, P. Geological Survey. 01334 Neal. 00051 J.01335 Carson City and Dayton quadrangles: U.S. Black Mountain quadrangle, northern half: Permian, northeastern: Shelc'on, Richard P. Geological Survey. 01394 Rogers, C.L. 01092 00767 Coaldale quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. Dead Horse Flat quadrangle: Noble, Donald Permian-Pennsylvanian, Eagan Range-Spring 01316 C.00045 Mts. area: Barosh, Patrick J. 01825 Como and Wabuska quadrangles: U.S. Ely quadrangle: Brokaw, Arnold L. 00255 Precambrian-Cambrian, Groom district: Geological Survey. 01391 Groom Mine SW quadrangle: Colton, Roger Barnes, Harley. 00091 Dixie Flats and Elko 2 quadrangles: B.00443 Pre-Tertiary, Nye County, northern: Petrafeso, F. A. 01268 Imlay quadrangle: Silberling, N. J. 00254 Kleinhampl, Frank L. 01795 Eureka region: U.S. Geological Survey. 01401 Lander County, southeastern: Stewart, John Quaternary, central, lithologic logs, alluvium: Freel Peak (Calif.) quadrangle: U.S. H.01468 Corchary.G.S. 00728 Geological Survey. 01423 Lander County, southwestern: McKee, Edwin Tertiary, Goldfield district: Albers, John P. Golconda-Battle Mountain quadrangles: U.S. H. 01467 01750 Geological Survey. 01908 Lander County, west-central: Stewart, John Tertiary-Quaternary, Quartzite Mtn. Goldfield and Cactus Peak quadrangles: U.S. H.01469 quadrangle, sections: Rogers, C. L. 00058 Geological Survey. 01318 Nye County, northern: Kleinhampl, Frank J. Triassic, Humboldt Range area: Silberling, N. Goldyke quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. 01289 J. 01763 01425 Pershing County, Red Bird quicksilver mine: Structural geology Grapevine Peak (Calif.) quadrangle: U.S. Wallace, R.E. 01308 Carlin-Pine Valley area: Smith, J. Fred, Jr. Geological Survey. 01333 Quartzite Mountain quadrangle: Rogers, C. 01764 Jarbridge quadrangle, part: U.S. Geological L.00058 Goldfield district: Albers, John P. 01750 Survey. 01909 Scrugham Peak quadrangle: Byers, F. M., Jr. Nevada Test Site area, thrust-fault system: Luning quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. 00345 Barnes, Harley. 01778 01426 Soldier Pass (Calif.) quadrangle: McKee, E. Nevada Test Site, fault displacement from Magruder Mtn., Grapevine Canyon 2, H.00060 nuclear explosions: Dickey, D. D. 01783 North-central, erogenic belts: Roberts, R. J. Ubehebe Crater quadrangles: U.S. Winnemucca quadrangle: Gilluly, James. Geological Survey. 01332 00835 00061 Midas quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. Ruby Mountains, isoclinal folding: Willden, 01910 Mineralogy Ronald. 01767 Mina quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. Celadonite. Reno area, comparative study: Ruby Mountains, Oligocene thrust faulting: 01314 Foster, Margaret D. 00742 Willden, Ronald. 00735 Mount Barcroft (Calif.) quadrangle: U.S. Feldspar, West Humboldt Range, orthoclase Ruby Mountains, Ordovician tectonics: Geological Survey. 01330 and microcline, coexisting: Wones, David Willden, Ronald. 00374 Mount Siegel quadrangle: U.S. Geological R.00838 Silent Canyon caldera, Nevada Test Site: Survey. 01423 Zeolites, Nevada Test Site, genesis: Hoover, Orkild, Paul P. 01935 North Fork quadrangle: U.S. Geological D.L. 01792 Timber Mountain caldera, effect on Basin and Survey. 01911 Paleomagnetism Range faults: Cummings, David. 01226 Norths Ranch quadrangle, southern: U.S. Tertiary, Rainier Mesa, tuff: Allingham, John Timber Mountain resurgent dome: Carr, W. Geological Survey. 01912 W. 01774 J. 01781 Paleontology Toiyabe Range, Callaghan window, Roberts Palisade quadrangle: Petrafeso, F. A. 01266 Trilobita, Cambrian, Middle, Lander County, thrust fault: Stewart, John H. 00778 Pilot quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. paradoxidid: Palmer, Allison R. 01049 Tuscarora area, Independence Valley, fault 01369 Petrology scarps. Recent: Coats, R. R. 01011 Rhyolite Ridge, Silver Peak, Piper Creek, Antelope Range, southern, Tertiary volcanic Yucca Flat area, faults and folds: Hinrichs, Lida Wash quadrangles: U.S. Geological rocks: Blake, M. C., Jr. 01780 EdgarN, 01791 Survey. 01315 Lincoln County, Kane Wash Formation Yucca Flat, bedrock structures, relation to Robinson Mountain quadrangle: Petrafeso, F. eruptive history: Noble, Donald C. 01796 explosion-produced fractures: Barosh, P. J. A.01267 Silent Canyon area, Tertiary volcanic section: 01779 Round Mountain-Belmont quadrangles: U.S. Orkild, Paul P. 01935 Volcanology Geological Survey. 01428 Silent Canyon volcanics, Miocene eruptive Steamboat Springs, geysers, genesis: White, San Antonio Ranch, Baxter Spring, Lone history: Noble, Donald C. 01934 Donald E. 00511 Mountain, Tonopah quadrangles: U.S. Southern, Timber Mtn. Tuff: Byers, F. M., Jr. Water resources Geological Survey. 01317 01933 Salmon Falls Creek basin: Crosthwaite, E. G. Schurz, Gillis Canyon, Mt. Grant, Hawthorne Southern, tuffs, hydrothermal alteration: 01453 quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey. 01427 Anderson, R.E. 01775 New England Soldier Pass (Calif.) quadrangle: U.S. Steamboat Springs, hydrothermal alteration: A real geology Geological Survey. 01331 Schoen, Robert. 01802 Central, Skitchewaug nappe, stratigraphy and Tuscarora quadrangle: U.S. Geological West Humboldt Range, volcanic rocks, structure: Trask, N. J., Jr. 00826 Survey. 01913 alteration: Wones, David R. 00838 Geophysical surveys Unionville region: U.S. Geological Survey. Sedimentary petrology Long Island Sound to Buzzards Bay, offshore 01914 Nye County, Miocene sandstone, seismic profile: Tagg, A. Richard. 00013 Weber Reservoir and Alien Springs crossbedding, eolian: Poole, F. G. 01801 Seismic, rocks, elasticity, lithology: Tuttle, C. quadrangles: U.S. Geological Stratigraphy R.00771 Survey. 01392 Cambrian-Ordovician, Ruby Mts.: Willden, Mineralogy Wellington, Yerington, Desert Peak, Pine Ronald. 00374 Heavy minerals, offshore sedi-nents, cf. rivers: Grove quadrangles: U.S. Geological Cambrian-Silurian, Toiyabe Range, Ross, David A. 00012 Survey. 01451 Callaghan window: Stewart, John H. 00778 Sedimentary petrology Wild Horse, Mt. Velma, Mountain City, Devonian-Mississippian, Carlin-Pinon Range Northern coast, offshore sediments, sources, Rowland quadrangles: U. S. Geological area: Smith, J. Fred, Jr. 00539 heavy mineral suites: Ross, David A. 00012 Survey. 01915 Mississippian, Diamond Peak-Chainman Stratigraphy Wilson Reservoir, Bull Run, Owyhee, Hat relations: Brew, David A. 01847 Devonian, igneous rocks: Page, Lincoln R. Peak quadrangles: U.S. Geological Survey. Mississippian, Permian, phosphate-bearing 00068 01916 rocks: Gere, W. C. 00670 Structural geology Wonder quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey. Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary, Seismic, rocks, elasticity, lithology: Tuttle, C. 01370 southwestern: Gordon, Mackenzie, R.00771 Maps, geologic Jr. 01787 Southern, postglacial rebound: Koteff, Carl. Ackerman quadrangle: McKee, Edwin H. Ordovician, East Northumberland Canyon: 01689 01466 Shawe, D.R. 00107 Ordovician, Middle, revision of stages: Ross, Reuben James, Jr. 01840 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A337

New Hampshire New Mexico New Mexico Geomorphology Economic geology Maps, geologic Monadnock quadrangle: Hartshorn, Joseph Mineral resources, Bosque del Apache Chaco Canyon 3 quadrangle, photogeologic: H.00687 National Wildlife Refuge: Bachman, Kover, A. N. 01366 Hydrogeology George O. 00351 Dos Lomas quadrangle: Thaden, Robert E. Merrimack River valley, lower, ground-water Petroleum, potash, southeastern: Wyatt, 00340 resources: Weigle, James M. 00623 Eddie R. 01967 Grants 1 quadrangle, east half, photogeclogic: Maps, geologic Petroleum, Salt Creek area, possibilities: Knox, A. S. 01362 Percy and Milan quadrangles: Milton, Daniel Bachman, George O. 00776 Grants 4 quadrangle, photogeologic: Knox, J. 01487 Uranium, Jackpile Sandstone: Nash, J. T. A. S. 01367 Grants quadrangle: Thaden, Robert E. 00341 Maps, ground water 01701 Grants SE quadrangle: Thaden, Robert E. Merrimack River valley, lower: Weigle, James Uranium, San Juan basin mineral belt, localization, control: Granger, Harry C. 00342 M.00623 00996 Laguna 4 quadrangle, east half, New Jersey Geochemistry photogeologic: Hemphill, W. R. A real geology Hansonburg district, fluid inclusions: 01368 Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge: Roedder, Edwin. 00518 Laguna 1 quadrangle, NE, NW, SE quarters, Minard, James P. 00450 Geomorphology photogeologic: Hackman, R.J. 01365 Economic geology Bernardo area, Rio Grande conveyance Laguna 2 quadrangle, photogeologic: Mineral resources, Great Swamp National channel, helical flow: Culbertson, James K. Hackman, R.J. 01364 Wildlife Refuge: Minard, James P. 00450 00391 Tierra Amarilla quadrangle: Landis, E. R. Hydrogeology Geophysical surveys 01143 Brunswick Shale, ground water, occurrence Lordsburg-Silver City area, infrared imagery: Zuni Salt Lake volcanic crater: Cumnings, and movement: Vecchioli, John. 00915 Pratt, Walden P. 01496 David. 01953 Central and northeastern, Brunswick Shale, Zuni Salt Lake area, magnetic and gravity: Paleomagnetism directional behavior: Vecchioli, John. 01170 Regan.R.D. 01386 Tertiary, basalts, Rio Grande Gorge: Coastal plain, internal flow, multi-screen Hydrogeology Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00903 wells: Gill, Harold E. 00907 Arkansas River basin, ground-water analyses: Paleontology Morris County, eastern, and Essex County, Ballance, W.C. 00852 Foraminifera, Pennsylvanian, Manzano Mts.: western, aquifers: Nichols, William D. Central, bolson alluvium and bedrock Myers, Donald A. 01576 01093 aquifers: Titus, Frank B., Jr. 00855 Petrology Morristown area, ground-water supply, test- Cimarron River basin, ground-water: U.S. Southeastern, evaporites, Permian: Jonis, C. drilling program: Vecchioli, John. 00546 Geological Survey. 00618 L.01231 Northern, Brunswick Shale, ground-water Dona Ana Range Camp, supply well: Doty, Stratigraphy circulation: Carswell, Louis D. 01151 G.C.01278 Cretaceous, Mancos Shale, Semilla Sandstone Maps, floods Fort Wingate, McKinley County, well-site Member, new: Dane, Carle H. 01826 Belvidere area, Delaware River: Farlekas, study: Shomaker, John W. 01940 Cretaceous-Paleocene, Raton Basin, western, George M. 00088 Ground-water levels, 1965, changes 1961-65: coal deposits: Pillmore, Charles L. 01709 Princeton area, Millstone River and Stony Busch, F. E. 00522 Cretaceous-Paleocene, San Juan Basin, Brook: Bettendorf, J. A. 00084 Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation area, northeastern, GB-1 core: Fassett, J. E. Maps, structure ground-water resources: Baltz, Elmer H. 01390 Morris County, eastern, and Essex County, 00415 Cretaceous-Tertiary, San Juan Basin, east- western: Nichols, William D. 01093 Mockingbird Gap, test wells 1965: Doty, G. central: Baltz, Elmer H. 00206 Mississippian, north-central, biostratig-aphy. Petrology C.01532 Beemerville area, nepheline-syenite complex, Armstrong, A. K. 01663 Navajo Indian Reservation, Window Rock- Permian, northwestern, paleogeography: cf. Virginia: Milton, Charles. 01745 Lukachukai area, ground water: Edmonds, Stratigraphy Hallgarth, Walter E. 00768 R.J. 00427 Permian, paleotectonics: Dixon, Georje H. Cretaceous, northern, deltas: Owens, James P. Pecos River basin, ground-water resources: 01577 00232 Mourant, Walter A. 00854 Permian, reefs and associated deposits, Quaternary, Trenton area, depositional Rio Grande basin, ground-water resources: southeastern: King, P. B. 00327 history: Owens, James P. 01747 Dinwiddie, George A. 00856 Permian, West Texas Permian basin: Oriel, Surface water Southern High Plains, ground-water Steven S. 00765 Belvidere area, Delaware River floods: resources: Ballance, W. C. 00853 Permian, western, paleogeography: McKee, Farlekas, George M. 00088 Southwestern, Basin and Range bolsons and Edwin D. 00235 Princeton area, floods. Millstone River and bedrock aquifers: Doty, Gene C. 00860 Permian-Recent, generalized section, western Stony Brook: Bettendorf, J. A. 00084 Union County, Cretaceous and Tertiary closed basins: Cooper, James B. 00857 Stanton area. South Branch Raritan River, aquifers: Cooper, James B. 00157 Structural geology flow-volume curves: Miller, E. G. 00037 Ute Mountain Indian Reservation, ground- San Juan Basin, regional tectonics: Baltz, Weathering water resources: Irwin, James H. 00740 Elmer H. 00206 Coastal plain, wind-eroded boulders: Minard, Western basins, ground-water resources: New York James P. 01845 Cooper, James B. 00857 Engineering geology New Mexico Western, Lower Colorado River basin, Waste disposal. Long Island, Bay Park area, A real geology aquifers: Trauger, Frederick D. 00859 salt-water barrier: Cohen, Philip. 00714 Albuquerque to Gallup, road log: Baltz, E. White Sands Missile Range area, summary of General H., Jr. 00606 wells: Doty, G.C. 01531 Book review, "Geology of New York": Oliver, Gallup to Albuquerque, road log: Baltz, E. White Sands Missile Range, investigations William A., Jr. 00141 H., Jr. 00605 1960-62: Hood, J.W. 01533 Geomorphology Gal'up to Sheep Springs, road log: Beaumont, White Sands Missile Range, MAR site, Plattsburgh area, beaches, patterned g-ound, Edward C. 00834 production wells: Doty, G. C. 01529 tree-throw origin: Denny, Charles S. 01015 Gallup to Thoreau, road log: Read, Charles White Sands Missile Range, MAR site, test Ticonderoga quadrangle: Hartshorn, Joseph B. 00824 wells: Doty, G.C. 01528 Hf00687 Hurley West quadrangle: Pratt, Walden P. White Sands Missile Range, rehabilitation of Hydrogeology 00548 Murray well: Doty, G. C. 01530 Crown Point Fish Hatchery area, ground- Mount Taylor volcanic field: Shomaker, John. Hydrology water resources: Kantrowitz, I. H. 01322 00696 White Sands Missile Range, summary of Long Island, Bay Park area, salt-water Santa Rita quadrangle: Jones, William R. investigations: Davis, L. V. 01879 intrusion: Cohen, Philip. 00714 00079 Maps, geologic Long Island, western, re-use of ground water: Bluewater quadrangle: Thaden, Robert E. Perlmutter,N.M. 01638 00339 Chaco Canyon 4 quadrangle, photogeologic: Kover, A. N. 01363 A338 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

New York North Carolina Northwest Territories Hydrogeology A real geology Economic geology Nassau County, ground-water levels: Franke, Mount Rogers area: Rankin, Douglas W. Ore-forming fluids, Pine Point: Roedder, O.L. 01023 01086 Edwin. 01578 Niagara County, wells, temperature profiles, Economic geology Nova Scotia fracture indicators: Trainer, Frank W. Copper, Ore Knob mine: Kinkel, Arthur R., Sedimentary petrology 01024 Jr. 00080 Windsor Group, breccia filling cavities: Upstate, resource investigations, new Mica, feldspar, quartz, clay. Blue Ridge: Clifton, H. Edward. 00603 approaches: LaSala, A. M., Jr. 00288 Lesure, Frank G. 00870 Oceania Hydrology Geochemistry Maps, geologic Reforestation effects: Ayer, Gordon R. 01871 Erstern, rainfall composition: Fisher, Donald General: Corwin, Gilbert. 01027 Maps, geologic W.01133 Ohio Dannemora-Plattsburgh quadrangles, Hydrogeology Engineering geology surficial: Denny, Charles S. 00788 Belhaven area, ground-water resources: Waste disposal, Lancaster area, Hocking Paleontology Lloyd, O.B., Jr. 01323 River, effect on aquifer: Norris, S. E. 00173 Conodonts, Devonian-Mississippian, Maps, geologic Hydrogeology redescription: Huddle, John W. Yadkin Valley region: Espenshade, G. H. Great Miami River valley, ground-water 00552 01279 resources, future: Spieker, Andrew M. Stratigraphy Maps, structure 01109 Devonian, Bois Blanc Formation, western: Yadkin Valley region: Espenshade, G. H. Lancaster area. Hocking River, infiltration, Oliver, William A., Jr. 00356 01279 waste-disposal effects: Norris, S. E. 00173 Pleistocene, Gardiner's Clay(?), Mattituck Mineralogy Scioto River valley, Piket^n area, ground- quadrangle: Upson, Joseph E. 01749 Muscovite, Grandfather Mtn. window, iron- water data: Norris, Stanley E. 01501 Surface water rich, oxidation during metamorphism: Maps, geologic Bethlehem area, low-flow analysis: Hunt, Bryant, Bruce. 00003 Surficial: Goldthwait, Richrrd P. 00213 Oliver P. 01854 Paleontology Paleontology Delaware River basin, upper, temperatures: Ostracoda, Waccamaw Formarion, Miocene- Trilobita, Ordovician, Middle, Upper: Ross, Williams, Owen O. 01021 Pliocene: Swain, Frederick M. 00871 Reuben James, Jr. 00241 Dutchess County, stream flow and water Petrology Surface water quality: Ayer, G. R. 01039 Grandfather Mountain window, Amesville area, floods: Mayo, R. I. 01527 Hudson River estuary, flow and quality: metamorphism, oxidation: Bryant, Bruce. Drainage areas, gazeteer of streams: Cross, Giese, G.L. 00162 00003 William P. 00159 Susquehanna River basin, streamfiow: Hunt, Structural geology Great Miami River, Dayton to Cleves, time Oliver P. 00163 Appalachians, erogenic history: Rankin, D. of travel: Bauer, Daniel P. 01115 Nigeria W. 01960 Jackson area, floods: Webber, E. E. 01526 Hydrogeology Brevard fault zone, northeastward divergence Oil shale Chad Basin, Bornu and Dikwa Emirates: and disappearance: Espenshade, Gilbert H. Genesis Miller, R.E. 01148 01236 Kerogen precursor, Florid?: Bradley, W. H. Sokoto basin, artesian aquifers: Anderson, H. Brevard zone, re-interpretation: Reed, John 01665 R.00155 C., Jr. 01233 Modern lake analogs, orga-tic ooze: Bradley, North America North Dakota W.H. 00875 A real geology A real geology World Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01338 Barnes County: Kelly, T. E. 00908 Occurrence, distribution: Drncan, D. C. Economic geology Cass County: Klausing, Robert L. 01863 00874 Mineral deposits, structural control: Guild, Glacial geology Philip W. 01699 Central, streams. Pleistocene diversion: Kelly, Oklahoma Engineering geology T. E. 00486 A real geology Water resources development. Rocky Mtn. Ward County, dump ridges, collapsed ice Charon Gardens Unit, Comanche County: Trench project: Nace, Raymond. 00310 channels: Pettyjohn, Wayne A. 00490 Johnson, Edward L. 00530 General Hydrogeology Hydrogeology Bibliography, 1963: U.S. Geological Survey. Artesian basin, recharge, geochemistry: Arkansas and Verdigris River valleys, analog 01822 Swenson, Frank A. 01082 model use: Tanaka, Harry H. 00916 Bibliography, annotated: U.S. Geological Divide County, glacial drift aquifers: Cimarron River basin, ground-water: U.S. Survey. 02013 Armstrong, C. A. 00151 Geological Survey. 00618 Bibliography, annotated: U.S. Geological Eddy and Foster Counties, ground-water Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties, ground- Survey. 02016 resources: Trapp, Henry, Jr. 01118 water resources: Wood, P. R. 01121 Geologic maps, 1967, review: Kinney, Grand Forks County, ground-water data: Ground-water levels, 1965-66: Hart, D. L., Douglas M. 00801 Kelly, T. E. 00909 Jr. 01283 Paleontology Ground-water levels, 1966, observation wells: Ground-water levels, I960-f4: U.S. Angiosperms, Cenozoic, extinction: Leopold, Randich, P.O. 01076 Geological Survey. 00247 EstellaB.01130 Sedimentary petrology Coelenterata, Devonian, eastern, rugose coral Minot area, late Wisconsin drift: Pettyjohn, Wayne A. 00074 Northeastern, Morrow age, diagenesis in assemblages: Oliver, William A., Jr. 00744 oolites: Henbest, Lloyd G. 01831 Flora, Neogene-Pleistocene, northwestern, Renville and Ward Counties, ground-water Stratigraphy distribution: Wolfe, Jack A. 00112 basic data: Pettyjohn, Wayne A. 01117 Permian: MacLachlan, Marjorie E. 00233 Mammalia, Quaternary, dispersions, Richland County, Sheyenne delta and Permian, paleotectonics: D :^on, George H. correlations: Repenning, Charles A. Hankinson aquifers: Baker, Claud H., Jr. 00232 00114 00754 Mammalia, Soricidae, Tertiary-Quaternary, Stutsman County, pothole oponds, dissolved Oregon evolution: Repenning, Charles A. solids, variation: Ficken, James H. 00039 A real geology 00104 Wells County, ground-water basic data: Harney Lake and Malheur Lake areas: Sedimentary petrology Buturla, Frank, Jr. 01119 Walker, George W. 00532 Cordilleran geosyncline, Ordovician Stratigraphy Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge: sandstone, provenance: Ketner, Keith B. Permian, paleogeography, thickness, Weissenborn, A. E. 00810 01017 distribution: Maughan, Edwin K. Poker Jim Ridge and Fort Warner areas, Hart Flint, Cretaceous, coast, European 00766 Mtn. refuge: Walker, George W. 00533 provenance: Emery, K. O. 01972 Northern Ireland Three Arch Rocks National Wildlife Refuge: North Carolina Paleontology Weissenborn, A. E. 00550 A real geology Brachiopoda, Carboniferous, County Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Fermanagh, book review: Grant, Richard King, PhilipB. 01136 E.01223 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A339

Oregon Ostracoda Paleomagnetism Economic geology Nomenclature Quaternary Gold, marine sands, concentration before Hemicytheridae, Trachyleberididae, Alaska, lava flows, secular variations: Cox, analysis: Clifton, H. Edward. 00349 corrections: Hazel, Joseph E. 00671 Allan. 00322 Gold, southern, continental shelf, surface Recent Reversals sediments: Clifton, H. Edward. 01948 Myodocopid carapaces, calcareous 3.6-3.7 m.y.: Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00903 Geochemistry microconcretions: Sohn, I. G. Absolute age: Cox, Allan. 01587 Abert Lake, saline water, chemical reactions, 00183 Cenozoic, K-Ar dating: Dalrymple, G. Brent. diffusion: Truesdell, A. H. 01190 Type localities and type species: Sohn, I. G. 01836 Graywacke, eugeosynclinal, Sr, Rb: Peterman, 00138 Length of polarity intervals: Cox, Allan. ZellE.00519 Pacific Islands 01856 Western, Tertiary sedimentary rocks, Rb-Sr: Geochemistry Polarity measurements, stratigraphic Hedge, Carl E. 01790 Easter and Guadalupe Islands, lead, isotopes: correlations: Cox, Allan. 01673 Geomorphology Tatsumoto, M. 01617 Officer's Cave: Parker, Garald G. 01800 Quaternary, time scale: Cox, Allan. 00199 Glacial geology Pacific Ocean Review: Doell, Richard R. 01206 Wallowa Lake area, compound moraines: Economic geology Time scales Crandell, Dwight R. 00024 Gold and tin placers, Bering Sea, northern: Summary: Doell, Richard R. 01658 Hopkins, David M. 00581 Hydrogeology Paleontology Burnt River valley area, ground-water Marine geology General resources: Price, Don. 00214 Peru-Chile Trench, ocean floor spreading, Book review, "Index fossils of Japan": Drainage basins, major, estimated ground- sediments: Scholl, David W. 00693 Douglass, R.C. 00298 water storage: Robison, J. H. 01525 Paleomagnetism Conferences, boundaries and correlation, 1967 Eola-Amity Hills area, aquifers: Price, Don. Central, paleosecular variations: Doell, agreements: Dutro, J. Thomas, Jr. 00501 00506 Richard R. 01659 Methods French Prairie area, ground-water resources: Paleontology Foraminifera separation: Gibson, Thon^as G. Price, Don. 00071 Mollusca, Cenozoic, Atlantic origin, 00416 transarctic migration: Durham, J. Wyatt. The Dallas area, artificial recharge of basalt Nomenclature 00115 aquifer: Foxworthy, B. L. 00469 Premature citation: Sohn, I. G. 01220 Sedimentary petrology Maps, geologic Palladium Cores, spectrographic data: Young, Edward J. A nalysis Bend quadrangle, east half: Swanson, Donald 01581 Spectrophotometric: Thompson, C. E. 00396 A.01886 Structural geology Spectrophotometric, rocks: Grimaldi, F. S. Burnt River valley: Price, Don. 00214 Southwestern, continental drift, Mesozoic- 01002 Crescent quadrangle, east half: Walker, Cenozoic: Hamilton, Warren. 00515 Spectrophotometric with George W. 00121 Volcanology p-nitrosodimethylaniline: Eagle Rock quadrangle: Waters, A. C. 01606 Cocos Ridge, Galapagos Fracture zone, Grimaldi, F.S. 00023 Post quadrangle: Waters, A. C. 02051 overlap of activity: Dalrymple, G. Brent. Pennsylvania Maps, ground water 00650 A real geology Eola-Amity Hills area: Price, Don. 00506 Pakistan Delaware to Lehigh water gaps, guidebook: Maps, surface water A real geology Epstein, Jack B. 00647 Willamette basin, runoff pattern: Oster, Salt Range-Potwar Plateau region, Gemini V Economic geology Eugene A. 00918 photograph, interpretation: Hemphill, Mineral resources, Monongahela quadrangle: Paleontology William R. 00306 Roen, John B. 02039 Ammonites, Jurassic, eastern: Imlay, Ralph Geochemistry W.01110 Economic geology Chromite, Hindubagh mining district, Lancaster quadrangle, ground water, Ca-Mg Petrology ratio: Meisler, Harold. 00040 Basalt, Siletz River Volcanics: Snavely, Parke investigations: vanVloten, Roger. 01313 Geomorphology D., Jr. 02009 Renovo West quadrangle: Hartshorn, Joseph Geochemistry Canyon Mountain, mafic complex: Thayer, T. H.00687 P.01980 Indus Plain, corrosion and encrustation in wells: Clarke, Frank E. 01403 Geophysical surveys Lake, Harney Counties, ash-flow tuff, Coal mine fires, aerial and bore-hole thermal Hydrogeology laminar flowage: Walker, George W. 00993 surveys: Moxham, Robert M. 00580 Punjab, ground-water regimen, irrigation Lakeview area, andesite, hydrothermal Southeastern, magnetic, airborne: Bromery, effects: Greenman, D. W. 00557 alteration: Walker, George W. 00381 R.W. 00346 Mount Jefferson area, volcanic rocks: Greene, Paleontology Hydrogeology Robert C. 02022 Brachiopoda, Permian, Salt Range: Grant, Swatara Creek basin, ground water, Southwestern, blueschist belt below thrust, Richard E. 00700 evaluation: Stuart, Wilbur T. 00504 metamorphism: Blake, M.C., Jr. Foraminifera, Permian, western, fusulinids, Hydrology 00002 morphology: Douglass, Raymond C. Lehigh River, effects of released reservoir Sedimentary petrology 00891 water: McCarren, E. F. 00403 Wallowa Lake area, drift units, Paleogeography Maps, aeromagnetic differentiation: Crandell, Dwtght Permian Southeastern: Bromery, R. W. 00346 R.00024 Gulf Coast region, paleotectonics: Crosby, Maps, geologic Structural geology Eleanor J. 00764 Bangor quadrangle: Davis, Robert E. 00124 Lakeview area, joint system in andesite flow: Paleomagnetism California quadrangle: Schweinfurth, Stanley Walker, George W. 00381 General P.00062 Surface water Research, United States: Cox, Allan. 00509 Klingerstown quadrangle: Trexler, J. Peter. Columbia River basin, lower, discharge 1928- Geomagnetic field 02036 65: Orem.HollisM. 00625 Intensity, archeologic to Recent time: Smith, Minersville quadrangle: W'ood, Gordon H., Columbia River, lower, water temperatures: Peter J. 00470 Jr. 01599 Moore, A.M. 00848 Intensity Monongahela quadrangle: Roen, John B. Dye tracer use: Harris, D. D. 01870 Data tabulation: Smith, Peter J. 00493 02039 Warm Springs Reservoir, evaporation study: Pine Grove quadrangle: Wood, Gordon H., Harris, D.D. 01456 Summary of data: Smith, Peter J. 01657 Interpretation Jr. 02032 Willamette basin, runoff pattern: Oster, Southeastern, generalized: Bromery, R. W. Eugene A. 00918 Field intensity, last 400 m.y.: Smith, Peter J. 01083 00346 Willamette River, discharge determinations, Swatara Creek basin: Stuart, Wilbur T. 00504 tidal reach: Dempster, George R., Jr. 01455 Methods Field intensities from igneous rocks, specimen Swatara Hill quadrangle: Wood, Gordon H., Water resources Jr. 02031 suitability: Smith, Peter J. 00576 Oregon Caves National Monument: Oster, E. Tower City quadrangle: Wood, Gordon H., A.01470 Jr. 02034 A340 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Pennsylvania Permian Photogeology Maps, geologic Utah Methods Tremont quadrangle: Wood, Gordon H., Jr. Southern, paleogeography: Hallgarth, Walter Satellites, exploration, EROS program: Fary, 02033 E.00768 Raymond W., Jr. 00142 Valley View quadrangle: Trexler, J. Peter. Wyoming Stereo Image alternator, new technique: 02035 Eastern, paleogeography: Maughan, Edwin Knauf, J.William. 00407 Maps, ground water K.00766 Photogrammetry Swatara Creek basin: Stuart, Wilbur T. 00504 Peru Flight control Maps, structure General DMEcircular flight paths: Woullet, Geraldine Lycoming, Clinton, Tioga, Potter Counties, Photo-mosaic, Gemini photography: M. 003 14 surface: Colton, George W. 01205 MacKallor.JulesA.01509 Platinum Petrology Petroleum A nalysis State Line Complex, genesis as alpine Exploration Spectrophotometric: Thompson, C. E. 00396 intrusive: Thayer, T. P. 00481 Hydrodynamic analysis, application: Spectrophotometric, rocks: Grimaldi, F. S. Stratigraphy Hubbert, M.King. 01089 01002 United States Cambrian-Ordovician, Lancaster quadrangle, Potash Abundance: Hubbert, M. King.00489 carbonate rocks, units: Meisler, Harold. Occurrence 02023 Phase equilibria Marine, associated with hal'fe: Kite, Robert Ca-Al-Si-O-H Pennsylvanian-Permian, coal-bearing rocks, J. 01346 data storage and retrieval: Kent, Bion H. Four-phase curve, 1 to 10 kilobars: Stewart, Puerto Rico 01688 David B. 00839 A real geology Riegelsville area, preliminary log: Epstein, Fe-Pb-S Aguas Buenas quadrangle: P^ase, Maurice H., Jack B. 01388 Melting relations, galena-pyrite-pyrrhotite: Surface water Jr. 01952 Brett, Robin. 01667 Naranjito quadrangle: Pease, Maurice H., Jr. Conestoga Creek, sediment discharge: Fe-Pb-S system Williams, Kenneth F. 01898 02048 Experimental studies, crystallization Utuado quadrangle: Nelson, Arthur E. 00442 Delaware River basin, upper, temperatures: temperatures: Brett, Robin. 00635 Economic geology Williams, Owen O. 01021 Ferrous-ferric systems Permian Limestone, dolomite, gravel, Quebradillas Redox calculations, use of pE rather than Eh: quadrangle: Monroe, Watson H. A ri:ona Truesdell, A. H. 01555 Paleogeography, stratigraphy: McKee, Edwin 00256 D.00235 Mineral assemblages Engineering geology Colorado Theoretical treatment: Zen, E-an. 00491 Landslides, Quebradillas quadrangle: Paleogeography: Mudge, Melville R. 00234 Mixed-layer minerals Monroe, Watson H. 00256 Western, paleogeography: Hallgarth, Walter Status as thermodynamic phases: Zen, E-an. Geomorphology E.00768 00431 Northern, karst features: Monroe, Watson H. Gulf Coastal Plain Na-Cl-K-Mg-Ca-S-O 01660 Thickness and distribution: Crosby, Eleanor Gnome nuclear explosion melt: Rowe, Jack J. Puerto Rico Trench, age: Monroe, W. H. J. 00764 01731 01575 Kansas Phlogopite Maps, floods Paleogeography: Mudge, Melville R. 00234 Stability: Wones, David R. 01744 Barceloneta-Manati area: Hickenlooper, I. J. Montana Stability, low pressure: Wones, David R. 00087 Eastern, paleogeography: Maughan, Edwin 00884 Humacao area: Lopez, Migu":! A. 00802 K.00766 Sulfides Ponce area: Hickenlooper, I. J. 00086 Nebraska Application, mineral deposit genesis: Barton, Maps, geologic Paleogeography. Mudge, Melville R. 00234 Paul B. 00203 Aguas Buenas quadrangle: Fease, Maurice H., New Mexico Philippines Jr. 01952 Northwestern, paleogeography: Hallgarth, Volcanology Bayaney quadrangle: Nelsor, Arthur E. 02050 Walter E. 00768 Taal Volcano, surface temperature changes: Bayaney quadrangle: Nelsor, Arthur E. 02050 Paleogeography, paleotectonics: Dixon, Moxham, R.M. 00512 Naranjito quadrangle: Pease, Maurice H., Jr. George H. 00232 Phosphate 02048 West Texas Permian basin, thickness and Bibliography Quebradillas quadrangle: Monroe, Watson H. distribution: Oriel, Steven S. 00765 United States, western phosphate field, post- 00256 Western, paleogeography: McKee, Edwin D. 1952: Gulbrandsen, R. A. 00646 Utuado quadrangle: Nelson, Arthur E. 00442 00235 Exploration Petrology North Dakota Phosphorite, Florida type deposits: Cathcart, Basal complex, gneissic amphibolite: Tobisch, Paleogeography, thickness and distribution: James B. 01347 OthmarT. 01740 Maughan, Edwin K. 00766 Genesis Las Palmas, basal complex: Tobisch, Othmar Oklahoma Phosphorite, Florida type deposits: Cathcart, T. 01820 Paleogeography, paleotectonics: Dixon, James B. 01347 North-central, intrusive recks, composition: George H. 00232 Occurrence Nelson, Arthur E. 00990 Paleogeography, thickness and distribution: Worldwide: Sheldon, Richard P. 00812 Stratigraphy MacLachlan, Marjorie E. 00233 Resources Cretaceous, Cuyon Formation, Cayey South Dakota Marine phosphorite: Cathcart, James B. quadrangle, nomenclature: Glover, Lynn, Paleogeography, thickness and distribution: 01447 3d. 00567 Maughan, Edwin K. 00766 World deposits, origin: McKelvey, V. E. Cretaceous, Malo Breccia, Cotorra Tuff, Texas 00245 central, nomenclature: B-iggs, Reginald P. Paleogeography, paleotectonics: Dixon, Photogeology 00570 George H. 00232 Instruments Cretaceous-Tertiary, Jacagras Group, West Texas Permian basin, thickness and Stereolmage Alternator: Knauf, J. William. central-southern, nomenclature: Glover, distribution: Oriel, Steven S. 00765 01215 Lynn,3d.00568 United States Measurements Cretaceous-Tertiary, Naranjito-Aguas Nomenclature, major divisions: Oriel, S. S. Fracture traces, areal abundance: Trainer, Buenas quadrangles: Pease, Maurice H., Jr. 00849 Frank W. 00030 01824 Paleogeography, paleotectonics: McKee, E. Methods Cretaceous-Tertiary, west-central: Mattson, D.00230 Airborne multispectral television systems: Peter H. 00246 Rocky Mountains, middle, and Great Basin, Robinove, C.J. 00384 Tertiary, Matilde and Miligros Formations, northeastern, paleogeography: Sheldon, Photoimage maps from space, interpretation: Bayaney quadrangle, nonrenclature: Richard P. 00767 Fischer, William A. 00890 Nelson, Arthur E. 00569 West coast region, paleogeography: Ketner, Remote sensing, basic-data acquisition, Keith B. 00236 hydrology: Robinove, Charles J. 00293 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A341

Puerto Rico Rivers Saudi Arabia Surface water Sediment transport Maps, geologic Barceloneta-Manati area, floods: Urban, environment, effects: Dawdy, David Jabal al Urd quadrangle: Mytton, James W. Hickenlooper, I. J. 00087 R.00282 00133 Humacao area, floods: Lopez, Miguel A. Urban environment, research needs: Guy, Khadrah quadrangle: Mytton, James W. 00802 Harold P. 00284 00132 Ponce area, floods: Hickenlooper, I. J. 00086 Stream runoff Nimas quadrangle: Mytton, James W. 00131 Water resources Relation to basin, rainfall, rock type: Maps, mineral resources Guanajibo Valley, reconnaissance: Anders, Skibitzke, Herbert E. 01078 Haql quadrangle: Trent, Virgil A. 00596 Robert B. 01500 United States Jabal al Lawz quadrangle: Trent, Virgil A. Guanica area: McClymonds, Neal E. 00526 Delaware River, low-flow forecasting: Fish, 00597 Quaternary Robert E. 01867 Qal'at As Sawrah quadrangle: Johnson, Nomenclature Rocky Mountains Robert F. 00595 Holocene, replacing Recent, U.S. Geological Economic geology Wadi al Jizl quadrangle: Johnson, Robert F. Survey: Cohee, George V. 01564 Petroleum, Colorado-Utah, Paradox and 00594 Radar surveys Eagle basins: Peterson, James A. 01866 Mineralogy Applications Mineralogy Allanite, Hamdtha on Wadi Tathlith: Frown, Geologic mapping, evaluation: Kover, Allan Heavy minerals, central, Tertiary rocks: Sato, Glen F. 01503 N.00307 Yoshiaki. 00007 Stratigraphy Radioactivity methods Paleontology Fatima Formation, Bahrah area, section: A irborne Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Permian, Goldsmith, Richard. 00615 Automatic data processing: Evenden, G. I. Phosphoria, Park City, Shedhorn Lahuf mine, log of core: Theobald, P. K., Jr. 00376 Formations: Yochelson, E. L. 00554 00820 Interpretation Sedimentary petrology Scaphopoda Geologic applications: Pitkin, James A. 01588 Central, Tertiary rocks, heavy-mineral Paleozoic Rare earths assemblages, origins: Sato, Yoshiaki. 00007 Bibliographic index, North America: Potential Northern, chemical composition, Yochelson, E. L. 00542 Phosphorite, geochemistry and recovery: classification: Hill, Thelma P. 00081 Scotland Altschuler, Z. S. 00586 Northern, chemical composition, discussion: Paleomagnetism Reflectance Rubey, William W. 00082 Devonian, field intensity estimate: Smith, Limestone Stratigraphy Peter J. 00386 Visible and ultraviolet, Saudi Arabia, Indiana: Mississippian-Pennsylvanian, middle and Structural geology Watts, H. V. 01521 southern: Mallory, William W. 00690 Glen Cannich area, deformation episodes Rocks Permian, paleogeography, middle: Sheldon, folds: Tobisch, Othmar T. 00639 Ultraviolet measurements, vacuum: Watts, H. R. P.00323 Sedimentary rocks V.01384 Permian, Phosphoria, Park City, Shedhorn General Remote-sensing methods Formations: Yochelson, E. L. 00554 Book review, "Geology of carbonatites": Techniques Triassic-Jurassic, continental-marine Espenshade, G.H. 01030 Ultraviolet scanner, photomultiplier: correlation, Wyoming to southern: Limestone Goldman, Howard. 01522 Pipiringos, George N. 00302 Physical properties, elastic, Solenhofen Rhode Island limestone to 12 kb: Peselnick, Louis. 01566 Salt Shale A real geology Occurrence Chepachet quadrangle, bedrock: Quinn, Geochemistry, strontium isotopes, Pierre Halite, marine, distribution and habitat: Hite, Shale: Peterman, Zell E. 01706 AlonzoW. 00244 Robert J. 01346 Geomorphology Sedimentary structures Salt tectonics Kingston quadrangle: Hartshorn, Joseph H. Bedding Colorado 00687 Colorado, Bijou Creek, flood deposits: Paradox Basin: Hite, Robert J. 01227 Hydrogeology McKee, E.D. 00167 Pawtuxet River basin, ground-water Utah Channels resources: Gonthier, Joseph B. 00436 Paradox Basin: Hite, Robert J. 01227 Dune profiles, statistical properties: Nordin, Potowomut-Wickford area, aquifers, Saudi Arabia Carl F., Jr. 01939 characteristics and yield: Rosenshein, J. S. A real geology Slump structure 01106 Bi'r Idimah, Jabal Ashirah, As Sarat Mts. Nova Scotia, Triassic(?) breccia in Windsor areas: Overstreet, William C. 00721 Maps, geologic Group: Clifton, H. Edward. 00603 Ashaway quadrangle, surficial: Schafer, J. P. MahadAdh Dhahab area: Theobald, Paul K., Sedimentation 01098 Jr. 01343 Environment Urban, effects, studies: Dawdy, David R. Watch Hill quadrangle: Moore, George E., Jr. Sha'ya-Jabal Bani Bisqan area: Overstreet, 00282 00336 William C. 00720 Tihamat Ash Sham quadrangle, Urban, research needs: Guy, Harold P. 00284 Rivers reconnaissance: Trent, Virgil A. Experimental studies Channel geometry 00609 Flume, coarse sand, transport: Williams, Experimental, energy and momentum Economic geology Garnett P. 00207 coefficients of flow: Watts, Frederick J. Mineral resources, Al Aqiq area: Trent, Virgil Flume, recirculation and sand-feed type: Guy, 00296 A.00610 Harold P. 00791 Erosion Mineral resources, Al Maddah-Harfayn area, Hydraulic equivalence, quartz, magnetite, Degradation below dams: Moss, Marshall E. reconnaissance: Whitlow, Jesse W. 00718 silver, gold: Tourtelot, Harry A. 01070 01132 Mineral resources, Asir quadrangle, Hydraulics, macroturbulence, stochastic Scour and fill, alluvial channels: Culbertson, reconnaissance: Overstreet, William processes: Richardson, E. V. 00730 D.M. 01454 C.00720 Stream transport, bed roughness, flow effects: Floods Mineral resources, Bi'r Idimah-Wadi Rathbun,R.E. 00707 California, Coffee Creek, 1964, erosion and Haraman area, exploration: Overstreet, Rates deposition: Stewart, John H. 00359 William C. 00719 Appalachian miogeosyncline, model study: Sediment transport Mineral resources, Khamis Mushayt-Bi'r Joyner, William B. 00276 Alluvial channel processes, stochastic models: Idimah area, reconnaissance: Overstreet, Statistical methods Nordin, Carl F. 00709 William C. 00717 Adjustment coefficients, quality control: Guy, Experimental studies, bed roughness, effects: Phosphate: Sheldon, Richard P. 01360 Harold P. 01016 Rathbun,R.E. 00707 Geochemistry Stream transport Sand channels, flow resistance, bed Lead ore prospects, galena. Red Sea brine Alluvial channel, bed-material particles, configuration: Richardson, Everett source: Delevaux.M. H. 00817 model: Sayre, William W. 00708 V.00706 Maps, geochemical Jabal al Urd quadrangle: Mytton, James W. 00133 A342 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Sedimentation South Dakota Spectroscopy Stream transport A real geology X-ray fluo rescence Alluvial channel processes, stochastic models: Berne quadrangle: Redden, J. A. 02043 Brines, total bromine determination: Dunton, Nordin, Carl F. 00709 Cascade Springs quadrangle: Post, Edwin V. Polly J. 01239 Alluvial channels, bed-material discharge: 00748 Mobile, detector for mineral e^oloration: Chang, Feng-Ming. 01090 Hot Springs quadrangle: Wolcott, Don E. Senftle, Frank E. 00702 Sand channels, flow resistance, bed 00747 Technique, rare earths, complex minerals: configuration: Richardson, Everett Geochemistry Rose.HarryJ.,Jr.01584 V. 00706 Black Hills, northern. Little Elk Granite, Statistical methods Sand-bed channel, transverse mixing rate: element redistribution: Zartman, R. E. Hydrology Fischer, Hugo B. 00404 00385 Skew coefficient, standard emr table: Sediments Hydrogeology Matalas, Nicholas C. 00911 Lithofacies Artesian basin, recharge, geochemistry: Mineralogy Clastic-ratio maps for hydrologic Swenson, Frank A. 01082 Formula derivation from analyses, anion- applications: Pettyjohn, Wayne A. Black Hills, southern, ground water, uranium based: Jackson, Everett D. 00004 00495 exploration guide: Bowles, C. G. 01259 Stratigraphy Methods Maps, geochemical Nomenclatures Computer program, grain-size data: Schlee, Rochford area, Au, As, and Cu: McGehee, Changes, U.S. Geological Survey, 1966: John.00878 R.V.01419 Cohee, George V. 00566 Pore water Stratigraphy Strontium Specific yield values, clay, silt, sand, gravel: Permian, paleogeography, thickness, A nalysis Atomic absorption, silicate rock standards, Johnson, A. I. 00777 distribution: Maughan, Edwin K. U.S.G.S.: Huffman, Claude, Jr. 01004 Sand 00766 Structural geology Transport, coarse, flume experiments: Surface water Williams, Garnett P. 00207 Methods Eastern, lakes, selected, quality: Petri, Lester Airphoto interpretation, fracture traces, areal Seismic methods R.009 13 abundance: Trainer, Frank W. 00030 Interpretation South Vietnam Sudan Cavity detection: Watkins, Joel S. 00480 Absolute age Hydrogeology Seismic surveys Hon Trung Lon, granite: Hilde, Thomas W. Kordofan Province, ground-water resources: Continental margin C. 00601 Rodis, Harry G. 01107 United States, northeastern, topography and Spectroscopy Sulfur structure: Uchupi, Elazar. 00317 Absorption Geochemistry Selenium Atomic, gold in large samples: VanSickle, Orthorhombic, formed by phntosynethetic Geochemistry Gordon H. 01827 sulfur bacteria: Truper, Hans G. 00899 Soils: Lakin, Hubert W. 01644 Atomic, techniques, gold determination: Surface water Silica Huffman, Claude, Jr. 00105 Geochemistry Geochemistry Book review, "Atomic absorption analytical Phenoxy acid herbicides, determination, gas Translocation into plants: Lovering, T. S. methods": Dinnin, Joseph I. 02006 chromatography: Goerlitz, Donald 01565 Instruments, automatic sample changer: F.00867 Soils Shapiro, Leonard. 01008 Hydraulics Engineering properties Photometric, palladium in rocks: Grimaldi, F. Flow measurement, fluorescent tracers: Permeability and capillarity, symposium S.00023 Kilpatrick, Frederick A. OC910 papers: Johnson, A. I. 00483 A ctivation analysis Turbulence, hydrodynamical''' rough and South Africa Neutron, silicate rocks, phosphorus smooth open channel flow: McQuivey, Glacial geology determination: Greenland, L. Paul. RaulS. 01460 Paleozoic deposits, late, glacial features: 00022 Methods Hamilton, Warren. 00135 Electron probe Flow measurements, fluorescent tracers: Mineralogy Automatic processing of data: Beeson, Melvin Scott, CloydH. 00180 Orthopyroxenes, Bushveld Complex, X-ray, H.01387 Quality chemical analyses: Desborough, George A. Criteria and standards, status of knowledge: 00987 Emission Direct-current arc in argon, silicates and Clarke, F. E. 00920 South Carolina Low flow, tree leaf effect, Virginia: Slack, A real geology carbonates, volatile elements: Annell, Charles. 00021 Keith V. 01855 McCormick County, reconnaissance: Bell, Runof Henry, 3d. 01234 Fire-assay, Pd, Pt, Rh determination: Haffty, Joseph. 01620 Estimation, ungaged semiarid areas: Moore, Geochemistry Donald O. 01160 Flame atomic fluorescence McCormick County, geochemical Streams Instruments, hot hollow cathode lamp as prospecting: Bell, Henry, 3d. 01234 Flows, technique for rapid measurement: excitation source: Dinnin, Joseph I. 01209 Hydrogeology Smoot, G.F. 01301 Charleston-Beaufort area, salt-water Instruments, hot hollow cathode lamp as Natural, longitudinal mixing: Fischer, Hugo encroachment: Siple, George E. source: Dinnin, Joseph I. 01210 B. 01868 00181 General Surveys Coastal regions, salt-water intrusion: Siple, Book review, "Guide to fluorescence United States Geological Survey George E. 00463 literature": Lindsay, James R. 00701 Ground-water research: McGuinness, C. L. Savannah River Plant area, ground-water Book review, "Methods of X-ray 00662 resources: Siple, George E. 00210 spectroscopic research": Rose, Harry J., Jr. Heavy metals program, 1966-67: U.S. Stratigraphy 00622 Geological Survey. 00847 Cretaceous-Quaternary, Savannah River Book review, "X-ray emission spectrography Leasable minerals on government land, Plant area: Siple. George E. 00210 in geology": Czamanske, Gerald K. 00640 policy: Anderson, John A. 01965 Structural geology Technique, instrumental: May, Irving. 00831 Research, 1967: U.S. Geolofical Survey. Savannah River area, Triassic basin: Siple, G. Infrared 00001 E.01772 Technique, tektites, water content: Senftle, F. Research 1966: U.S. Geolofical Survey. 00439 Surface water E.01187 Research, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey. Streamflow characteristics, low-flow Microphotometry 00986 Research, current: U.S. Geological Survey. frequency, flow duration: Stallings, John S. Instruments, measuring spectral linewidths: 01941 Barnett, Paul R. 00455 00366 Sweden South Dakota Ultraviolet" Absolute age Economic geology Absorption and luminescence studies: Lead, Laisvall area, genesis 1 Roedder, Edwin. Black Hills, northern, Little Elk Granite: Hemphill, William R. 01506 Zartman, R. E. 00385 01961 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A343

Tectonics Texas Thailand Island arcs Hydrogeology Economic geology Causes, serpentinite weakening, mantle, shear Austin and Waller Counties: Wilson, Clyde A. Gypsum, central, Phichit deposit: Gardner, fracturing: Raleigh, C. B. 00678 00528 Louis S. 01561 Mid-oceanic ridges Brooks County, ground-water resources: Lignite, northwestern, Mae Mo deposit: Continental alpine-type mafic complexes: Myers.B.N. 00291 Gardner, Louis S. 01563 Thayer.T. P.01189 Colorado River basin, ground-water Mineral resources, northeastern, Processes resources: Mount, J. Russell. 00169 investigations: Jacobson, Herbert S. Basalt-eclogite transition, sedimentary basin Eastern, Sparta Sand lithofacies, hydrologic 01286 subsidence and uplift: Joyner, William B. significance: Payne, J. N. 01116 Salt, resources: Gardner, Louis S. 01562 00276 Thermodynamic properties Ellis County, ground-water resources: Tektites Aqueous solutions Thompson, Gerald L. 00294 Composition Research, United States: Hemley, J. J. 00510 Martha's Vineyard and Georgia: Cuttitta, Ground-water levels, 1960-64: U.S. Thorium Frank. 01675 Geological Survey. 00247 Geochemistry Geochemistry Houston district, ground-water development: Geologic controls, effects: Overstreet, William Metallic spherules, composition and origin: Gabrysch, R.K. 00772 C.00238 Brett, Robin. 00315 Jasper and Newton Counties, ground-water Topographic mapping Tellurium resources: Wesselman, J. B. 00191 Ground control Analysis Karnes County, connate water in Eocene AirBorne Control system, Hoversight: Atomic absorption, cf. catalytic procedure: sandstone, immobility: Manger, G. Loving, Hugh B. 01040 Nakagawa, H.M. 01007 Edward. 00032 Trace-element analyses Tennessee Kendall County, ground-water resources: Chromium A real geology Reeves, Richard D. 00176 Atomic absorption, technique, total Ducktown quadrangle: Hernon, Robert M. Liberty County, ground-water resources: chromium, fresh waters: Midgett, Maryland 01552 Anders, R.B. 01120 R.00912 Elk Valley area: Englund, Kenneth J. 02046 Nueces and San Patricio Counties, ground- Trilobita Great Smoky Mountains National Park: water resources: Shafer, George H. 01861 General Book review, "Trilobites of the Ordovician King, Philip B. 01136 Nueces River valley, lower: Garza, Sergio. Table Head Formation, western Mount Rogers area: Rankin, Douglas W. 01611 01086 Newfoundland": Ross, Reuben J., Jr. 00137 Economic geology Tyler County, ground-water resources: Turkey Coal, Elk Valley area: Englund, Kenneth J. Tarver, George R. 01862 A real geology 02046 Wood County, ground-water resources: Kastamonu province, Kure district: Bailey, Phosphate, Sevier County, Ocoee Series, Broom,M.E.01261 EdgarH. 00514 possibilities: Wedow, Helmuth, Jr. Paleontology Earthquakes 01773 Flora, Permian, Arroyo Formation, Baylor August 19, 1966, Varto area: Wallace, Robert Hydrogeology County: Mamay, Sergius H. 00019 E.01558 Oak Ridge area, ground water, surface Foraminifera, Permian, Clyde Formation, United States streams: McMaster, William M. 00209 Coleman County, fusulinid: Myers, Donald Absolute age Maps, geologic A.01010 C-14, U.S. Geological Survey, list: Ives, Ashland City quadrangle: Lounsbury, Sedimentary petrology Patricia C. 00150 Richard E. 00593 Hopkins County, Wills Point Formation, Central and eastern, alkalic rocks: Zartman, Beech Bluff quadrangle: Parks, W. S. 01551 phosphate nodules: Milton, Charles. 00989 R.E. 00492 Cheatham Dam quadrangle: Moore, Gerald Northeastern, clay minerals, Jurassic, Upper: A real geology K.00592 Dickinson, Kendell A. 01951 Northeast Corridor: U.S. Geological Survey. Claybrook quadrangle: Parks, W. S. 01547 Stratigraphy 00097 Jackson South quadrangle: Parks, W. S. Eocene, Claiborne Group, Gulf Coastal Plain, Northeast Corridor, surficial deposits: U.S. 01549 nomenclature: Eargle, D. Hoye. 00540 Geological Survey. 00098 Juno quadrangle: Parks, W. S. 01548 Jurassic, Upper, northeastern: Dickinson, Earthquakes Lexington quadrangle: Brown, D. L. 01545 Kendell A. 02027 Local studies: Pakiser, L. C. 01654 Luray quadrangle: Brown, D. L. 01546 Economic geology Medon quadrangle: Parks, W. S. 01550 Permian, paleotectonics: Dixon, George H. 00232 Coal, estimated remaining resources: Averitt, Tharpe quadrangle: Marcher, Melvin V. Paul. 01417 00591 Permian, reefs and associated deposits, western: King, P. B. 00327 Coal, stripping, resources: Averitt, Paul. Paleontology 01108 Permian, West Texas Permian basin: Oriel, Conodonts, Devonian-Mississippian, Gold, heavy metals, U.S. Geological Survey Steven S. 00765 redescription: Huddle, John W. program: Hoover, Linn, 00630 00552 Salt Croton and Croton Creek Valleys, Foraminifera, Paleocene, Pocahontas area: measured sections: Baker, R. C. 01319 Lead-zinc, Mississippi Valley type, genesis: Herrick, S. M. 01770 Structural geology Barton, Paul B., Jr. 01126 Sedimentary petrology Hueco bolson, gravity and seismic data: Manganese, southwestern: Hewett, D. F. Cocke County, Ocoee Series, fossil placers: Mattick, Robert E. 00377 00538 Carpenter, Robert H. 01768 Surface water Metals, heavy minerals, U.S. Geological Stratigraphy Brazos River, Freeport area, flow Survey program 1966-67: U.S. Geological Lauderdale County, Fort Pillow test well: characteristics: Johnson, S. L. Survey. 00847 Moore, G. K. 01443 00799 Metals, Mississippi Valley type, deposition, Texas Colorado River basin, quality: Leifeste, mechanism: Skinner, Brian J. 01125 A real geology Donald K. 00922 Metals, Mississippi Valley type, genesis: Heyl, Terlingua district: Yates, Robert G. 01450 Neches River basin, chemical quality: Hughes, Alien V. 01123 Economic geology LeonS. 00467 Mineral deposits, Mississippi Valley typ°, Uranium, coastal plain, genesis: Eargle, D. Orange area, low-flow studies, Sabine and structural control: Heyl, Alien V. 01700 Hoye. 01994 Old Rivers: Rawson, Jack. 00360 Monazite, southeastern, fluvial deposits' Engineering geology Pecos River, water delivery study, 1967: Overstreet, William C. 01112 Land subsidence, Houston district: Gabrysch, Grozier, R.U. 01821 Phosphate, eastern: Cathcart, J. B. 00297 R.K. 00772 Small streams, flood stages and discharges: Phosphate, western field, bibliography: Geophysical surveys Schroeder.E. E.00619 Gulbrandsen, R. A. 00646 Hueco bolson, gravity, seismic: Mattick, Streams, temperature: Goines, W. H. 00438 Phosphate, Wyoming and adjacent states, Robert E. 00377 Trinity River basin, chemical quality: Leifeste, genesis, exploration: Sheldon, R. P. 00585 Donald K. 00437

318-835 O - 68 - 23 A344 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

United States United States United States Economic geology Maps, geologic Structural geology Phosphorite, western, composition of Triassic-Quaternary, above Permian System: Surface faulting, historic, geometric aspects: phosphorites: Gulbrandsen, Robert McKee, Edwin D. 00329 Bonilla, M.G. 01257 A.00590 Maps, ground water Western, Cenozoic tectonics, cf. Pacific Basin: Silver, southwestern: Hewett, D. F. 00538 Productive aquifers and withdrawals from Hamilton, Warren. 01723 Uranium, western phosphate field, wells: U.S. Geological Survey. 00882 Surface water Phosphoria Formation: McKelvey, Vincent Maps, mineral resources Delaware River basin, water data stations: E.00589 Iron: Carr, M.S. 00440 Moody, D.W. 00612 Engineering geology Oil shale, lands withdrawn from public Delaware River, low-flow forecasting: Fish, Applications, Northeast Corridor, ground domain: U.S. Geological Survey. 01888 Robert E. 01867 transportation: U.S. Geological Maps, soils Eastern and southeastern, quality: U.S. Survey. 00097 Southwestern, classification, from space Geological Survey. 00468 Applications, Northeast Corridor, ground photography: Morrison, Roger B. transportation: U.S. Geological 01902 Eastern and southeastern, quality, 1960: U.S. Survey. 00098 Maps, tectonic Geological Survey. 00537 Applications, Northeast Corridor, ground General: King, Philip B. 00508 Floods, summary for 1962: Rostvedt, J. O. transportation: U.S. Geological Mineralogy 00558 Survey. 00099 Heavy minerals. High Plains, northern. Gulf of Mexico basin, weste'n, quality, 1961: Urban planning, general: Radbruch, Dorothy Tertiary rocks: Sato, Yoshiaki. 00007 U.S. Geological Survey. 00559 H.01988 Paleomagnetism Mississippi River basin, lower, quality, 1961: General Pliocene, volcanic units, western, reversals: U.S. Geological Survey. 00!59 Federal map coordination: Southard, Rupert Dalrymple, G. Brent. 00475 Uraninm B.01629 Research, since 1963: Cox, Allan. 00509 Exploration Geologic maps, 1967, review: Kinney, Paleontology Ground water as guide, South Dakota and Douglas M. 00801 Palynomorphs, Cretaceous-Tertiary, Wyoming: Bowles, C. G. 01259 Southeastern, research directory: Clarke, Mississippi embayment: Tschudy, Robert Possibilities: Butler, Arthur F., Jr. 00901 James W. 01235 H.01842 Isotopes Geochemistry Palynomorphs, Cretaceous-Tertiary, Series disequilibrium, basalt: Somayajulu, B. Equisetum, metal absorption, geochemical Mississippi embayment region: Tschudy, L.K.00184 prospecting: Cannon, Helen L. 01823 Robert H. 01306 Resources Great Plains, northern, sodium sulfate Palynomorphs, Cretaceous-Tertiary, Rocky Possibilities: Butler, Arthur F., Jr. 00901 deposits, genesis: Grossman, I. G. 01003 Mts.: Tschudy, Robert H. 01842 U.S.S.R. Isotopes, radioactive, research since 1963: Petrology A real geology Doe, Bruce R. 00804 Great Basin, southern, volcanics: Soil and climate: Ruane, Paul J. 01339 Water, research since 1963: Durum, Walton Christiansen, Robert L. 01670 Utah H.00497 Northwestern, Cascade volcanic rocks, Absolute age Western, jasperoid, ore-related, gold content: anatexis: Hopson, C. A. p!573 Cottonwood area, intrusive rocks: Crittenden, Levering, T.G. 01138 Pacific coast, alpine serpentinites, M.D., Jr. 01751 Geomorphology metasomatism: Coleman, Robert G. Galena, Bingham Canyon: S'acey, J. S. 00807 Continental shelf and slope, northeastern, 00354 A real geology north and south of Nantucket: Uchupi, Photogeology Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge: Hilpert, Elazar. 00317 Catalog, geologic features: Denny, Charles S. Lowell S. 00365 Geophysical surveys 01954 Circle Cliffs area: Davidson, E. S. 00355 Eastern, continental margin, magnetic: Zietz, Sedimentary petrology San Rafael Swell: Hawley, C. C. 01063 Isidore. 01194 Continental margin, Atlantic, sample Southern, Glen and San Juan Canyons area: Western, aeromagnetic: Zietz, Isidore. 01844 collection data: Hathaway, John C. 00784 Cooley, Maurice E. 00224 Western, heat flow measurements: Sass, J. H. High Plains, northern. Tertiary rocks, heavy- Economic geology 01185 mineral assemblages: Sato, Yoshiaki. 00007 Bismuth, tin, Marysvale are?: Radtke, Arthur Glacial geology North-central, chemical composition: Rubey, S.00380 Northwestern, glacier observations: Meier, M. William W. 00082 Coal, Gunsight Butte quadrangle, northeast F.00793 North-central, chemical composition, quarter: Peterson, Fred. 02"<*i Hydrogeology classification: Hill, Thelma P. 00081 Coal, Gunsight Butte quad-angle, northwest Fluorine content in ground water: Fleischer, Stratigraphy quarter: Peterson, Fred. 02?40 Michael. 00844 Cambrian, Cordilleran region: Palmer, Mineral resources. Causey Dam quadrangle: Great Basin, ground-water quality: Feth, J. AllisonR. 01799 Mullens, Thomas E. 00617 H.01754 Devonian, Appalachian Basin: Oliver, Mineral resources. Green River Formation as Great Basin, natural contamination hazards: William A., Jr. 00067 multiple source: Culbertson, W. C. 00267 Feth, J. H. 01199 Devonian, Rocky Mountains, northern, and Phosphate, northern: Gere, W. C. 00670 Great Plains, northern, paleocycle, sodium Great Plains: Sandberg, C. A. 01559 Phosphate, western phospha*'; field: Swanson, sulfate deposition: Grossman, I. G. 01003 Devonian, southwestern: Poole, F. G. 00745 Roger W. 00697 Ground-water research: McGuinness, C. L. Permian, Dunkard Group, Allegheny region: Uranium, Circle Cliffs area: Davidson, E. S. 00662 Berryhill, H. L., Jr. 00328 00355 Potomac River basin, stream flow: Benson, Permian, paleotectonics: McKee, E. D. 00230 Uranium, Yellow Cat and Squaw Park areas, M. A. 00411 Permian System: McKee, Edwin D. 00329 drilling: Mobley, C. M. 01381 Research since 1963: Johnson, A. I. 00496 Permian system, base, divisions: Oriel, S. S. Engineering geology Southeastern, ground water: LeGrand, H. E. 00849 Materials, properties, Salt Lake City, trench 01771 Permian, west coast region, paleogeography: cave-in: VanHorn, Richard. 00653 Hydrology Ketner, Keith B. 00236 Rock mechanics, coal mine bumps, geologic Southwestern, gully filling behind low dams Permian, western phosphate field, control: Osterwald, F. W. 01696 and barriers: Lusby, G. C. 00887 nomenclature: McKelvey, V. E. General Maps, geologic 00587 Climatological data, Salt Lake County: Hely, Basement rock: Bayley, Richard W. 02017 Precambrian, central, development: A. G.01284 Northeast Corridor: U.S. Geological Survey. Muehlberger, William R. 01838 Geochemistry 00097 Precambrian-Cambrian, Great Basin, Bonneville Salt Flats, brine, inn activity Northeast Corridor, surficial: U.S. Geological southern, facies: Stewart, John H. 01850 products calculation: Polzer, W. L. 00018 Survey. 00098 Structural geology Geomorphology Permian system, thickness: McKee, Edwin D. Eastern, tectonics. Late Paleozoic: Berryhill, Sevier River basin, Yuba Dam region, 00329 H.L., Jr. 00328 sinkholes: Bjorklund, L. J. 00549 Precambrian-Pennsylvanian, beneath Permian Northwestern, Trans-Idaho discontinuity: Geophysical surveys System: McKee, Edwin D. 00329 Yates, Robert G. 01971 Jordan Valley, fill thickness seismic: Arnow, Ted. 00999 PUBLICATIONS INDEX A345

Utah Utah Virginia Geophysical surveys Petrology Geophysical surveys Southern, radar imagery, geologic evaluation: Salt anticline region, halite and associated Piedmont, magnetic and radioactivity, Hackman, Robert J. 00383 rocks: Jones, C. L. 01230 airborne: Neuschel, Sherman K. 01247 Hydrogeology Stratigraphy Hydrogeology Arid basins, perennial recharge: Thomas, Cretaceous, Canaan Creek quadrangle, coal James-York-Rappahannock River basins, Harold E. 01203 sections: Zeller, Howard D. 01421 west of Fall line: DeBuchananne, George Cedar Valley, ground-water resources: Feltis, Cretaceous, Carcass Canyon quadrangle, coal D.01818 R.D. 00160 sections: Zeller, Howard D. 01420 Petrology Great Salt Lake, dissolved-mineral inflow: Cretaceous, Dave Canyon quadrangle, coal Augusta County, nepheline-syenite complex, Hahl, D.C. 01505 sections: Zeller, Howard D. 01449 cf. New Jersey: Milton, Charles. 01745 Ground-water conditions, spring 1967: Baker, Cretaceous, Kaiparowits coal field: Peterson, Stratigraphy C.H., Jr. 00809 Fred.01707 Cambrian-Ordovician, L. S. Bales we". Lee Juab Valley, northern, ground-water Enterprise to Pahute Mesa, Nevada: Barosh, County: Harris, Leonard D. 01204 resources: Bjorklund, L. J. 01080 P.J.01335 Structural geology Salt Lake County, basic data: Hely, A. G. Mississippian, Permian, phosphate bearing Shenandoah Valley, fracture traces, 01284 rocks: Gere.W.C. 00670 photogeologic study: Trainer, Frank w . Sevier River basin, upper, ground-water Pennsylvanian, Paradox Basin, salt deposits: 01122 resources: Carpenter, C. H. 00072 Hite, Robert J. 01227 Surface water Sevier River basin, Yuba Dam region, ground Permian, northern: Sheldon, Richard P. 00767 Craig County, floods, Johns and Craig water: Bjorklund, L. J. 00549 Permian, paleogeography, southern: Creeks: Rapp, D. H. 01524 Uinta Basin, Green River Formation, ground- Hallgarth, W. E. 00324 Stream, low flow, tree leaf effect: Slack, Keith water resources: Feltis, R. D. 01022 Permian, Phosphoria Formation, western V.01855 Utah Valley, southern, ground-water levels, phosphate field: Swanson, Roger W. 00697 Washington pumping effects: Cordova, R. M. 00158 Permian, southern, paleogeography: A bsolute age Western, ground water, chemical quality: Hallgarth, Walter E. 00768 Cascade Range, northern, plutons, K-Ar: Waddell, K.M. 00295 Structural geology Cater, Fred W. 01669 Maps, geologic Paradox Basin: Shoemaker, Eugene M. 01228 Canaan Creek quadrangle: Zeller, Howard D. A real geology Paradox basin, Permian salt anticlines: Cater, Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles, Copalis 01421 F.W. 00326 Carcass Canyon quadrangle: Zeller, Howard National Wildlife Refuges: Weissenborn, A. Western, Confusion Range structural trough: E.00529 D.01420 Hose, Richard K. 01759 Lake Tapps quadrangle: Gard, Leonard M., Causey Dam quadrangle: Mullens, Thomas E. Vermont 00617 Geomorphology Jr. 01068 Dave Canyon quadrangle: Zeller, Howard D. Ticonderoga quadrangle: Hartshorn, Joseph Republic and Aeneas quadrangles: Muessig, 01449 H.00687 Siegfried. 00116 Griffin Point quadrangle: Bowers, William E. Hydrogeology Earthquakes 01889 Lake Memphremagog basin, ground-water April 1965, Seattle area, damage: Mul'ineaux, Gunsight Butte quadrangle, northeast quarter: resources: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. Donal R. 00782 Peterson, Fred. 02041 00757 Economic geology Gunsight Butte quadrangle, northwest Lamoille River basin, ground-water Mineral resources, Flattery Rocks, QrUlayute quarter: Peterson, Fred. 02040 resources: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. Needles, Copalis areas: Weissenborr, A. E. Gunsight Butte quadrangle, southeast quarter: 00194 00529 Peterson, Fred. 02042 Mineral resources. North Cascades primitive Hatch Point quadrangle, northeast quarter: Missisquoi River basin, ground-water resources: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. area, potential: Tabor, Rowland W. 00148 Hinrichs, E. N.0085I Engineering geology Hatch Point quadrangle, northwest quarter: 00196 Nulhegan-Passumpsic River basin, ground- Earthquakes, April 1965, Seattle area, Hinrichs, E.N. 00258 damage: Mullineaux, Donal R. 00782 Heber quadrangle: Bromfield, Calvin S. 01260 water resources: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. 00759 Geophysical surveys Kanarraville quadrangle: Averitt, Paul. 00344 Winooski River basin, ground-water Northeastern, principal facts for gravit^' Morgan quadrangle: Mullens, Thomas E. resources: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. stations: Davis, W. E. 01445 01440 00195 Glacial geology Nipple Butte quadrangle, northeast quarter: Maps, ground water South Cascade Glacier: Meier, M. F. 00792 Waldrop, H. A.02024 Lake Memphremagog basin: Hodges, Arthur Hydrogeology Nipple Butte quadrangle, northwest quarter: L., Jr. 00757 Cedar River basin, seepage from reservoirs, Waldrop, H. A. 01955 Lamoille River basin: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. regimen changes: Hidaka, F. T. 0050^ Nipple Butte quadrangle, southeast quarter: 00194 Columbia River estuary, measurement Waldrop, H. A. 02025 Missisquoi River basin: Hodges, Arthur L., methods: Prych, Edmund A. 00175 Nipple Butte quadrangle, southwest quarter: Jr. 00196 Duwamish River estuary, salt-water Waldrop, H. A. 02026 Nulhegan-Passumpsic River basin: Hodges, intrusion: Stoner, J. D. 00400 Ogden 4 NE quadrangle: Mullens, Thomas E. Arthur L., Jr. 00759 Grand Coulee, lakes: Friedman, Irvin-?. 01650 01441 Winooski River basin: Hodges, Arthur L., Jr. Island County, ground-water resources- Maps, mineral resources 00195 Anderson,H.W., Jr.01344 Nipple Butte quadrangle, northeast quarter, Maps, mineral resources Pierce County, Miocene-Holocene deposits: coal: Waldrop, H. A. 02024 North Adams (Mass.) quadrangle, Walters, Kenneth L. 01873 Nipple Butte quadrangle, northwest quarter, construction materials: Holmes, G. Maps, geologic coal: Waldrop, H. A. 01955 William. 01472 Bodie Mountain quadrangle: Pearson, Robert Nipple Butte quadrangle, southwest quarter, Virginia C.00050 coal: Waldrop, H. A. 02026 A real geology Duwamish Head quadrangle: Waldror. Mineralogy Mount Rogers area: Rankin, Douglas W. Howard H. 00785 Holden quadrangle: Cater, Fred W. 00334 Bismuth and tin minerals, sulfide ores, 01086 Marysvale area: Radtke, Arthur S. 00380 Lucerne quadrangle: Cater, Fred W. 00249 Engineering geology Raymond quadrangle: Wagner, Holly C. Rare-earth borate, Moab area, marine Highways, Scott Run basin, stream erosion evaporites: Raup, Omer B. 00006 01431 during construction: Vice, Raymond B. South Bend quadrangle: Wagner, Holly C. Paleontology 00494 01430 Fauna, Permian, Park City and Phosphoria Geochemistry Petrology Formations: Yochelson, Ellis L. 00607 Southeastern, rainfall composition: Fisher, Klickitat River canyon, andesite flow, K-rich: Petrology DonaldW.01133 Sheppard, Richard A. 00008 Cherry Creek area, breccia pipes: Morris, Hal Tieton River area, Yakima Basalt: Swanson, T.00010 Donald A. 00604 A346 PUBLICATIONS INDEX

Washington Wyoming Wyoming Sedimentary petrology Geophysical surveys Stratigraphy King County, stream transport: Williams, R. Yellowstone National Park, infrared, Cretaceous, unconformity, Lamont-Bairoil C.00813 sedimentary rock terrane: Keefer, William area: Reynolds, Mitchell W. 00370 Western, Paleogene strata, coal-bearing: Vine, R.01900 Cretaceous-Tertiary, Lost Soldier area: James D. 01742 Yellowstone National Park, infrared, surficial Reynolds, Mitchell W. 01C72 Stratigraphy applications: Pierce, Kenneth L. 01899 Devonian, northern, measured sections: Sandberg, Charles A. 0047.4 Paleogene, King County, nonmarine, Yellowstone rhyolite plateau, infrared: Devonian-Mississippian, Cottonwood biostratigraphy: Wolfe, Jack A. Christiansen, Robert L. 01893 Canyon Member of Madison: Sandberg, 01067 Yellowstone-Hebgen Lake region, seismic: Eaton, J. P. 01753 Charles A. 00350 Structural geology Eocene, Wapiti Formation, Trout Peak Tieton River area, joints, folds. Cascade Geothermal energy Trachyandesite, northwestern: Nelson, uplift: Swanson, Donald A. 00604 Yellowstone National Park, Test Site 11: Willis H. 01066 Surface water White, D.E. 01901 Mississippian, depositional provinces: Sando, Columbia River basin, lower, discharge 1928- Glacial geology William J. 00371 65: Orem.HoIlisM. 00625 Teton Glacier, rate of movement, thickness, Pennsylvanian and associated rocks: Mallory, Columbia River, lower, water temperatures: 1966: Reed, John C., Jr. 00025 William W. 01069 Moore, A.M. 00848 Hydrogeology Permian, paleogeography: Sheldon, R. P. Seattle area, Green-Duwamish Rivers, Black Hills, southern, ground water, uranium 00323 dispersion experiments: Fischer, Hugo B. exploration guide: Bowles, C. G. 01259 Permian, paleogeography, eastern: Maughan, 01949 Wind River basin area, aquifers: Whitcomb, Edwin K. 00766 Water resources Harold A. 01202 Permian, Phosphoria Formation, western King County: Richardson, Donald. 00814 Wind River Indian Reservation, ground- phosphate field: Swanson, Roger W. 00697 Weathering water resources: McGreevy, L. J. 01325 Permian, western: Sheldon, Richard P. 00767 Geochemistry Yellowstone National Park, subsurface Triassic-Jurassic, south-cen'ral, correlation Redox calculations, use of pE rather than Eh: conditions from hot springs: Fournier, R. and nomenclature: Pipirngos, George N. Truesdell, A.H.01555 O.01999 00551 Well logging Yellowstone thermal areas, high-temperature Structural geology General connection systems: White, D. E. 01191 Absaroka Mountains, southern, syncline: Magnetic tape recording, method: Keys, W. Maps, geologic Fisher, Frederick S. 01012 Scott. 00042 Bairoil quadrangle: Reynolds, Mitchell W. Heart Mountain fault, tectonic denudation: Pierce, William G. 01959 Wisconsin 01474 Wyoming Range, Darby farlt: Albee, Howard A real geology Driggs (Idaho) quadrangle: Pampeyan, Earl Green Bay and Gravel Island National H.00123 F. 00367 Wildlife Refuges: Dutton, Carl E. 00815 Fish Lake quadrangle: Rohrer, Willis L. Surface water 00866 Wind River basin, watershed management Geomorphology Kemmerer quadrangle: Rubey, William W. appraisal: King, N. J. 01457 Saint Croix River, ice configuration, relation 01904 X-ray diffraction analysis to bed: Carey, Kevin L. 00033 Lamont quadrangle: Reynolds, Mitchell W. Data Hydrogeology 01477 Mica, clay minerals, graphite, periclase: Ross, Ground-water levels, through 1966: Devaul, Muddy Gap quadrangle: Reynolds, Mitchell Malcolm. 01624 Robert W. 00283 W. 01475 Methods Maps, geologic Sage quadrangle: Rubey, William W. 01905 Automatic data processing montmorillonite Northern, Precambrian area: Dutton, Carl E. Whiskey Peak quadrangle: Reynolds, Mitchell and mica crystallites: Ross, Malcolm. 00692 01483 W. 01476 Single-crystal techniques: Evans, Howard T., Paleontology White Rock Canyon quadrangle: Hyden, Jr. 01240 Diatoms, Pleistocene, Trempealeau Valley, Harold J. 00616 Ynkon nomenclature: Andrews, George W. Wind River basin area: Whitcomb, Harold A. Glacial geology 01051 01202 Klutlan Glacier, southwes*ern, hypsithermal Surface water Maps, ground water history: Krinsley, Daniel B. 01690 Saint Croix River, ice covered, discharge: Wind River basin area: Whitcomb, Harold A. Walsh Glacier, related glffciers, surge 1966: Carey, Kevin L. 00034 01202 Post, Austin. 00573 Wyoming Paleontology Zinc A real geology Fauna, Permian, Park City, Shedhorn, A nalysis Grand Teton National Park: Love, J. D. Phosphoria Formations: Yochelson, Ellis L. Atomic absorption, silicate rock standards, 01560 00607 U.S.G.S.: Huffman, Clause, Jr. 01004 Economic geology Foraminifera, Triassic, Thaynes Formation, Mineral resources, Green River Formation as western: Schroeder, Marvin L. 01593 multiple source: Culbertson, W. C. 00267 Fungi, Eocene, Green River Formation, Phosphate, western phosphate field: Swanson, sporangia: Bradley, W. H. 00428 Roger W. 00697 Sedimentary petrology Geochemistry Big Horn basin, Tensleep Sandstone, Yellowstone National Park, geyser basins, permeability: BredehoefCJohn D. silica budget: Truesdell, A. H. 01981 01666 SUBJECT INDEX

[Some discussions cover more than one page, but only the number of the first page is given. See also "Investigations in Progress" (p. A221) and "Publications Index" (p. A319)] ** Page Page Page Absolute ages, carbon-14______80 Alaska, coal______39 Amphiboles, exsolution and re- fission-track__-______101 cooperating agencies ______209 crystallization tex­ tures______94 potassium-argon______26, copper...... __.. 8,40 from blueschist facies___--_ 96 27, 30, 32, 36, 41, 91, engineering geology. ______149 Analog models. See Electric- 111, 178, 182 floods..._-_.______. 155 rubidium-strontium______28, 31 geochemistry- ______42 analog models. unspecified types ______28, geochronology.______37,41 Analytical chemistry, results of investigations. ______138 31,33,36,41,111 geologic mapping.______39 uranium series.______109,110 geophysics__ _ _ _ . _ _ 38, 40, 152 See also various types of Acid mine drainage, effect on glacial geology...... --..- 80 analyses: Atomic ab­ thorium concentra- glaciology. ______115,116 sorption, Atomic tion_--______._____ 112 gold...-______.._..._ 2,3,79,80 fluorescence, Cata­ See also Mine drainage. gravity map__-__-_------38 lytic, Colorimetric, Acmite, chemistry of______94 ground water.______69, 124 Electrochemical, Fire Actinolite, exsolution and recrys- lead...... 8 assay, Gamma-ray tallization textures __ 95 marine geology_.___-_--- 78 spectrometric, In­ Adirondack Mountains, geologic mineralogy __--__--_--_-.- 97 frared absorption, studies.. ____ 18, 19 nuclear test site studies __ 150, 152 Neutron activation, Aerial photography, color, photo- ore deposits______41 Nuclear magnetic grammetric applica­ paleontology______39, 40, 117 resonance, Spectro- tions______200,202 petroleum.. ______79 chemical, Spectro- graphic, Thermal, coverage in United States. _ 196 petrology_-______-___- 42 X-ray fluoresence. geologic applications ______169 quality of water.. _ _._-___ 69, 152 use in marine geology ______75 remote-sensing studies _ _ _ _. 172 Andalusite, estimated reserves Aeromagnetic studies, continen­ silver. ______8 and resources______13 Antarctica, geologic studies.._. 185 tal crust______145 stratigraphy ______37, 39, 40, 41 glaciology.-__----_------115 district surveys.-.______._ 24, structural geology____-_--- 37, topographic mapping-. _ _ _ _ 196 25, 26, 32 39, 40, 41, 42 interpretation of data by Antimony, atomic fluorescence surface water. ______69 spectrometry ______139 computer______10 tin.------.------79 used with gravity studies in estimated reserves and re­ USGSoffices--...... 215,216,217 sources_____.__--. 13 estimating thickness. 151 volcanism______-____-__- 41 See also Magnetic studies, Apollo spacecraft, landing-site Paleomagnetic studies. Alaska continental margin, geo­ studies. ______--- 144 Aerotriangulation, analytical and logic studies ____-__. 78 Appalachia, flood mapping..... 156 semianalytical studies. _ 201 Algae, estuarine,. detection by geologic mapping. 1______47 Appalachian Highlands, northern Afghanistan, geologic studies. . _ _ 178 infrared photog­ raphy. _____-__---.- 172 section, State geo­ number of publications logic maps__-__.__ 46 Allegheny River basin, New issued______175 regional geology.:_---______18 technical assistance. ______177 York, oil-field brine See also individual States USGS office-_--_----__-_ 219 c ontamination ___--_ 157 shown on map, p. A16. Africa. See individual countries Alps, crustal structure compared Apparatus. See Instruments and listed on p. A175 and with western United equipment. A176. States. ------144 Aquifers, artesian, circulation in Age determinations. See Absolute Alumina clay, estimated reserves well increases salin- ages, Geochronology, and resources ______13 ity--._-______124 Geochronometry. Aluminum, dissolved, forms.___ 105 artesian, hydraulic studies.. 151 Agency for International Devel- occurrence.....---.--- 183 estimated reserves and re­ ment (AID), USGS compaction and expansion investigations for. . 175, 198 sources___-___-_._ 13 of....___._---_---. 159 Alabama, cooperating agencies._ 209 Alvin, DSRV, diving activities._ 74, 75 contamination. See Ground floods...______155 Amchitka Island, Alaska, nuclear water, contamina­ stratigraphy...... 18 test site studies _____ 152 tion; Saline water, in USGS office..._._.._....__ 217 Ammonites, occurrence and age_ 118 ground water. A347 A348 SUBJECT INDEX See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Aquifers Continued Artificial recharge, relation to Autoplot, use in topngraphic- effects of nuclear explosions on_ 151 underground waste map compilations. _ _ 203 disposal. ______125 electric-analog studies.-___ 123 B hydrologic aspects of waste Asbestos, estimated reserves and disposal------125 resources. ______13 Bacteria, manufacture cf sutfuric limestone, Iqcation of dis­ occurrence in other coun­ acid by______105 charge by remote tries _____-__.._____ 179 Baja California, petrol-»gy, San sensing ------172 Asia. See individual countries Benedicto I^and____ 98 permeability studies ______122 listed on p. A175 and Barite, estimated reserves and recharge of. See Recharge A177. resources. ______13 of ground water, Arti­ Assateague Island National Basalt, geochemistry and pe­ ficial recharge, Seashore, Md.-Va., trology, results of relation to base flow______131 ground water ______53 investigatior«t.__-___ 98 simulation modeling studies. 122 Astrogeologic Data Facility occurrence and composi­ temperature studies.______124 (ADF), lunar data­ tion, Antarctica..- 185, 187 See also ground water under storage and compila­ strontium isotopes._--_____ 106 Stale names. tion system. ______167 Base flow, relation to ac uifers. -. 131 Arabia. See Saudi Arabia. Astrogeologic studies. See Extra­ structural control__ _ _ _ . _ 123 Archeology, in determination of terrestrial studies, Base metals, district studies,___ 8 hydrologic events__ 120 lunar; Terrestrial ana­ environments of generation. 104 Arctic Ocean, heat-flow studies. 89 logs, lunar features. See also Heavy metals, and Argentina, technical assistance 176 Astronauts, geologic-training names of specific base Argon, radiogenic, excess re­ program____-_-_--_- 166 metals. moved by increment Atlantic coast, water resources. __ 49 Basement-rock map, North heating.-___--_____ 111 See also individual States America______45 Arizona, astronaut training area. 166 shown on map, p. A48. Basin and Range province, re­ cooperating agencies_-_-___ 209 Atlantic Coastal Plain, ground gional geolopy ______30 evapotranspiration studies. _ 133, water. -_-_---_-_--- 122 See also individual States 134 stratigraphic studies. ______18 shown on map, p. A16. floods...... _._._..._ 155 Atlantic continental margin, Bauxite, estimated reserves and Gemini photomaps______174 geologic studies _____ 73 resources______13 geochemistry- _.__.- 108, 111, 167 geophysics ___-----_-_-_ 144 See also Aluminum. geologic map______46 Atlantic Ocean. See Mid-Atlantic Bentonite, estimated reserves geomor phology______120 Ridge, North Atlan­ and resource"_-___-_ 13 geophysics.______123, 166 tic Ocean, South Bering Sea, marine geology..-.. 79 gold____ _-_--______4 Atlantic Ocean. Beryllium, estimated reserves ground water.______67, 123 Atlas, National Atlas_-______198 and resource"______13 hydrology.------. 132 Atmospheric refraction, effect on BILBY event, hydrologic studies. _ 150 land subsidence______159 space photographs - -. 173 Bismuth, estimated reserves and lunar analogs______164, 166 effect on theodolite sight- resources.---. ______13 paleontology..---.--______118 lines_ _--______-. 199 geochemical prospercting.... 9, 10 petrology- --___--______167 Atomic absorption analysis, Bison, fossil, occurrence and age. 119 plant ecology______135 determination of Black sands, district strdies.... 91, 92 quality of water______67,129 minor elements. ____ 141 offshore deposits ______77 remote-sensing studies _____ 169 stratigraphy______28 Atomic energy. See Nuclear Blake Plateau (submarine), geol­ explosions, Nuclear surface water.______67 ogy and ocean- studies, and entries USGS offices ._._. 215, 216, 217 ography___-----_-_- 74,75 with the prefix Bolivia, geologic studies______178 Arkansas, cooperating agencies.. 210 "Radio-". ground water.______124 numbei1 of publications hydrology ______132 Atomic fluorescence spectrom- issued______----__ 175 natural gas______22 etry, selenium, tellu­ remote-sensing stud' ?.s _____ 174 structural geology__--__-__ 22 rium, and antimony. 139 technical assistance..------176 USGS office____._-_.-_ 217 Augite, oxygen-fugacity equilib­ Borates, estimated reserves and Arkansas River valley, hydrologic rium.______92 resources______.__ 13 studies.--..______131 Augustine Volcano, Alaska, Boreholes, defects exanrmed by Arlis II, ice island, thermal effects of 1963 erup­ television____-__ 137 measurements_____ 89 tion. -_-_--_-_---._ 41 geophysical logging-___-_._ 137 Arsenic, estimated reserves and Australia, lunar analogs. ______165 probe, for roek-stre«8 meas­ resources....______13, 104 petrology, Tasmania. ______99 urement... _-_-_---- 149 Artesian aquifers. See Aquifers, technical assistance. ______177 See also Drillholes, Wells. artesian. Austria, technical assistance.___ 177 Boron, estimated resources..___ 104 SUBJECT INDEX A349

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Botanical investigations, metal California Continued Channel erosion, time-lapse absorption ______9 plant ecology.______136 photography______138 Boulder batholith, gold______101 quality of water__ __ 71, 129, 148 Chemical and physical character­ radioactive elements______101 remote-sensing studies. _ _ 170,171 istics of water, results subsolidus reactions______102 sedimentary petrology. __ 112,113 of investigations__ _ 129 Boulders aud cobbles, factors stratigraphy _____.. 33, 34, 35 See also Quality of water. affecting movement structural geology--.-...-. 33, Chemical-explosion craters, ana­ in streams.______114 34, 35, 47, 76, 144, 145, logs of lunar features _ 165 Brachiopods, occurrence and age. 39, 146,147 Chemistry. See Analytical chem­ 117 surface water..______71,126 istry, Crystal chem­ Brazil, geologic studies.______178 thermal studies.---_--____ 89 istry, Geochemistry. number of publications USGS offices .-..- 215, 216, 217 Chile, number of publications issued______175 Canada, analogs of lunar fea­ issued_____-_-_____- 175 technical assistance. _____ 176, 198 tures...._---_-_____ 165 origin of salt flats.______122 USGS offices.....______218,219 glaciology, British Colum­ remote-sensing studies _____ 174 Brine, environment of generation. 104 bia and Yukon _ _ _ _ 115 technical assistance.______176 oil-field, as stream contami- mineralogy, Labrador _____ 95 China. See Republic of China. nant------.-- 157 Northwest Territories. 97 Chloride contamination, ground See also Saline water. stratigraphy, Alberta._____ 24 water- ___- _ 157 Bromine, estimated reserves and Carbon, isotopes, in fluid inclu­ surface water.-_---_--__._ 157 resources. ______13 sions_-_-_-_-.____ 108 See also Brine; Contamina­ BBONCO, Project, hydrologic isotopes, ratios in metamor- tion, water; Saline studies-..-.---_-. 152 phic carbonaceous water. Brucite, estimated reserves and shales______108 Chlorine, estimated reserves and resources_____--__-_ 13 Carbon-14 dating. See under resources ..______13 occurrences noted______31 Absolute ages. Chromite, estimated reserves and Building materials. See Light­ Carbonates, determination in resources., ______13 weight aggregate. rocks__-_-----_____ 138 occurrence in other coun- oxygen-isotope composition- 108, tries------.---.. 17"», 181 109 Chromium, concentration in sew­ Cadmium, concentration in sew­ Caribbean area. See Costa Rica, age effluent- __-._____ 157 age effluent-______157 Jamaica, Nicaragua, content in soils.-____ 158 determination, atomic ab­ Panama. Chrysotile, activity-product con­ sorption ______141 Caribbean Sea, marine geology. 75 stant. ____--_____-_ 92 estimated resources. ______104 Caroline Islands, reef features __ 80 Cincinnati arch, pelecypods- _ , - _ 116 geochemical prospecting.... 9, 10 Cartographic investigations, in stratigraphy. _-----.-.-___- 22 in sphalerite-.------....- 19 Antarctica- ______196 Cities. See Urban area studies, Calcium and compounds, esti­ remote-sensing studies..... 173 Urbanization. mated reserves and research and development.. 203 Clay, estimated reserves and resources.... ______13 Cassiterite, occurrence noted.... 3 resources.---,-- -- 13 California, black sands______77 Catalytic analysis, determination for lightweight aggregate, cooperating agencies. ______210 of platinum... . _____ 139 Pakistan--_------_. 181 earthquake studies ______143, Cavansite, new mineral, occur­ moisture retention.__.___._ 132 145, 146 rence.---. ______97 occurrence in other coun­ engineering geology. _____ 147,148 Celestite, annual cyclic growth tries. ..-..--.--._ 181,182 evaporation studies. ______133 zonation. ______93 Clay minerals, Gulf Coastal floods______128 Cement, estimated reserves and Plain.-...--.--.-- 18 geochemistry-______101, resources..-. ______13 Cliftonite, in meteorites, pro­ 102, 108, 109 posed origin- ______167 geochronology--. 36,109,110,111 CENTO countries, geologic Clinoamphjboles, exsolution and geomorphology______121 studies_-___--_.___- 184 recrystallization tex­ geophysics___ 34,35,89,143,144 See also Turkey, Pakistan. tures______94 glaciology--.--.----.-.... 116 Central America, offshore tem­ Clinopyroxenes, ordered, crystal gold---.------.--.- 5 perature studies. _ .. _ 119 chemistry. _--____-. 94 ground water. _---___ 71, 122, 123 See also Costa Rica, Nica­ Coal, district studies. _ _ . . _.. 30, 39 land subsidence ______158, 159 ragua, Panama. estimated reserves and re- limnology--__-_----______135 Cephalopods, occurrence and sources---.---.----- 14 marine geology______76,77 age_-_---___----- 118 metamorphism by intrusion marine hydrology-______84,85 Cesium, estimated resources..-. 104 of dikes ______102 paleogeography. ______113 Cesium tracers, determination occurrence in other coun­ paleontology ______34,117,118 in ground water.___ 141 tries------_. 179 petrology______99 Chad, technical assistance. _____ 176 See also Lignite, Peat. A350 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

PAge Page Page Coal mines, fires, aerial infrared Colorado River, natural isotopes Construction and Terrain studies. -._---__._ 149, 170 .n_--_------_-_- HI Problems Continued Coal mining, stresses as cause of quality of water.._-__.____ 68 See also Damsite studies, earthquakes ______149 Colorimetric analysis, palladium and engineering geol­ Coastal Plain province, geo­ and platinum.______139 ogy under State physics______145 Columbia River, Washington- names. See also Atlantic Coastal Oregon, radionuclides Construction materials. See Plain, Gulf Coastal in___-_--_-----_-_- 153 Lightweight aggre­ Plain, and individual Computer Center, USGS, results gate. coastal plain States of investigations.-.- 205 Contamination, water, results of shown on map, p. A16. Computer technology, aerotri- investigations'___-_ 156 Cobalt, estimated reserves and angulation ______201 See also under Ground water, resources. ______13 astrogeologic data-storage Surface water. marine deposits ______81 and compiliation Continental margins. See specific occurrence in other coun­ system______167 names: Alaska, At­ tries_-___-.____ 179 Autoplot coordinate-plotting lantic, Pacific. Coelenterates, occurrence and system...____ 203 Continental Shelf and Slope, age------___ 39 camera acceptance tests.. __ 202 geophysics ______145 Colombia, geologic studies._ _ _ _ _ 178 computation of rock stress natural gas__ _,__ .___,_. 80 number of publications from borehole- Cooperators, Federal, list__... 209 issued______175 probe measure- State, county, municipal, list. 209 technical assistance. ______176 ments--_--____- 149 others_____.______-___._ 213 USGS offices__-----_-_-___ 218 flood studies._-_____-__.__ 128 Copper, district studies___ _ 7, 40, 42 fusulinid measurements _ _ _ _ 119 domestic occurrence. ______8 Color mimicry, data-interpreta­ estimated reserves and re­ tion techniques____ 170 glacier dynamics.______115 ground-water studies..... 130,152 sources. ______13,104 Colorado, chalcopyrite.______30 in marine deposits.______81 coal--_-_------_-__ 30 interpretation of aeromag- netic data______10 in sewage effluent.______157 cooperating agencies ______210 occurrence in othe~ coun- copper---____--__-----___ 8 remote-sensing instrumenta­ tion and tech­ tries__-____---_-_ 178,179,184 engineering geology.______148 Corals, genetic variation studies, 120 geochemical prospecting. _ _ _ 9 niques-______170,171 sedimentary petrology _____ 113 occurrence and age______39, 117 geochemistry.---_-.._____ 6, Cordilleran region. See Rocky 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, streamflow records. ______50 terrain-elevation calcula- Mountains. 112 Corrosion, well casings, factors geochronology______28,30 tions...______199 water-resources studies in involved-______124 geomorphology ______29 Corsair Canyon, off eas* coast, geophysics ______6, 28,149 Kansas______66 water-data storage.______49 bottom currents_ __ 74 glacial geology_---_-______29 Cosmic studies, results of in­ gold--_---__------__-__ 4,6,106 well-data storage ______57 X-ray diffraction data____- 82 vestigations ______167 ground water. ______65, 66, 123 Costa Rica, geologic studies_._ 179 hydrology. ______.___ 130,132 Connecticut, cooperating agen- number of publications is- lead______8 cies _------___--__ 210 sued_--_---__------175 molybdenite-.--, ______30 glacial geology.______17 technical assistance______176 molybdenum______8 ground water._-___-__-___ 52 Crater studies, analogs of lunar nuclear test site studies_ _ _ _ 152 marine hydrology ______83 features- - _ _ _ _ 164,165,166 paleontology_-_-______119 quality of water.______52 lunar______162,163 petrology.______30 stratigraphy. ______16 lunar field-exploration meth­ quality of water._____._.__ 65 structural geology ______16 ods______----- 166 silver.--__------_ 7 sulfide mineralization ______17 Crust and upper mantle, geo­ stratigraphy.______28, 29 surface water.______52 chemistry. ______107 structural geology.______28, USGS office.--.-.--.----- 217 geological studies ______145 29, 30, 148, 149 Conodonts, occurrence and age_ _ 24, geophysical studies ______143 sulfide deposits______30 39, 117 geothermal studies______89 surface water.______105 Conservation, natural resources, pressure-temperature stud­ TJSGSoffices__-__._ 215,216,217 activities of USGS ies______91 zinc______8 Conservation Divi­ Crystal chemistry, results of Colorado Plateau, gold. ______6 sion. __------_----_ 85 investigations------94 See also Arizona, Colorado, Construction and terrain prob­ Crystal zonation, by "-arves" New Mexico, lems, geologic and indicating annual cy­ Utah. hydrologic studies _ _ _ 147 clic processes ______93 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index" Page Page Page Crystalline aggregates, thermal Drillholes, nuclear test site Ethiopia, technical assistance, __ 176 conductivity data__ 90 studies. ______150 USGS offices....______219 Cyprus, technical assistance. _ _ _ 177 See also Boreholes, Wells. Europe. See individual countries Droughts, recurrence interval. __ 128 listed on p. 177. Dune sands, infiltration of precip­ Evapotranspiration, as major Dahomey, number of publica­ itation-.., ______71 consumer of valley tions issued.______175 Duwamish River estuary, Wash­ water supply------64 Damsite studies, Pakistan______181 ington, dissolved-oxy- deuterium fractionation by Data collection and processing, gen concentration. __ 157 trees..._-___-__.___ 108 hydrologic. ______136 trace metals in sewage efflu­ effect on ground water._^_. 123 See also Computer tech­ ent...... ______157 reduction as means of in­ nology. creased water supply. 68 Deep-sea sediments, meteoric results of investigations.... 133 spherules from______167 EARLY RISE, Project, seismic Everglades National Park, Fla., Delaware, cooperating agencies. _ 210 studies. ______144 quality of water _ _ _ 156 floods.______155 Earth curvature, effect on space Exsolution textures, in clino- paleontology. ______118 photographs ______173 amphiboles ______94 remote-sensing studies _____ 172 Earthquake and crustal studies, Extraterrestrial studies, lunar, USGS offices____----_-__- 217 results of investiga­ land-site analysis. __ 162 Delaware River, streamflow tions______143 lunar, structural geology. __ 163 records_____-___--_- 50 Earthquakes, effect on water surface-material studies. 161 Delaware River basin, drought quality______69 terrain and morphol­ recurrence. ______128 Hawaii______100 ogy.. __._._._ 161, 16?,, 163 Denver, Colo., metropolitan area, 1968 Managua earthquake, See also Gemini spacecraft, engineering geology.. 148 Nicaragua.______179 Lunar Orbiter space­ Destratification, reservoirs, effect stick-slip mechanism.______91 craft, Terrestrial ana- on evaporation. _ _ . _ _ 133 Echinoderms, occurrence and reservoirs, stability in______135 age______. 39 Deuterium, fractionation by Echinoids, protodolomite in trees..______108 teeth-____.______97 Far East. See individual countries Deuterium-hydrogen ratios, at­ Eclogite, primary-sulfide con- listed on p. A175 and mospheric hydrogen. 108 tent__---_-_____-_. 97 A177. Diamond, estimated reserves and Ecology. See Plant ecology. Faulting, effect on ground sur­ resources. ______13 Ecuador, number of publications face. ______147 Diatremes, Montana______99 issued______175 FAULTLESS event, hydrologic Washington.. ______102 Eddy diffusion, relation to parti­ studies.--__---_---- 151 Digital computer. See Computer cle fall velocity____ 114 Federal Republic of Germany, technology. Eh and pH, measurement at high technical assistance. _ 177 Diopside, chemistry of ______94 pressure.. ______138 Feldspars, alkali, ordering model. 1MJ Ferrous metals. See Iron, Cobalt, Discharge of streams and rivers, Electric-analog models, use in estimation of annual water studies. 122, 123, 131 Nickel. Fire assay, gold.___._.___... 1?"*, 139 mean.______127 Electrochemical analysis, fluo- Fire assay-spectrochemical analy­ measurement. ______136, 137 ride______141 sis, gold and platinum Dish structure, defined..______112 Electromagnetic studies, placer deposits. _____-_-__- 5 metals. __-----___-- 140 Disposal, underground, liquid Emery, district study.______17 Fission-track dating, plutonic industrial wastes _ _ _ _ 158 Engineering geology, results of events.____-__--.-- 101 Dissolved solids, effect of urbani­ investigations. ______147 Flood plains, mapping.______126 zation on______148 See also Damsite studies. Floods, district studies ______154 in ground water, structural Equipment. See Instruments and frequency------127, 128, 138 control of______124 equipment. mapping.._---_-_------156 District of Columbia, cooperat­ EROS (Earth Resources Obser­ prehistoric_-___--_----_- 128 ing agencies. ______210 vation Satellite) pro­ recurrence, prediction by floods.______155 gram. ______173 computer______66 USGS offices. ______215, 217 Erosion, effect of various agents results of investigations- _ _ _ 155 Dolomite, formation by cation on.______.______113, 114 See also under State names. diffusion.. ______108 Estuaries aerial infrared Florida, cooperating agencies 210 origin indicated by carbon- studies. ______172, 173 geochemistry..------106 isotope composition.. 113 Estuarine and coastal hydrology, geophysics.______155 Drainage. See Acid mine drain­ results of investiga­ ground «water______54, 55, 83, age, Mine drainage. tions______.-__--- 82 122, 125,137, 158, 172 A352 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Florida Continued Gas, natural. See Natural gas, Georgia Continued hydrology______131 Petroleum and natu­ ground water. ______54, 124 limnology______134 ral gas. marine geology ______74, 75 marine geology ______75 radioactive, disposal ______154 quality of water ______54 quality of water.__.___.. 54, Gastropods, occurrence and age. 39, stratigraphy... ______18 55,83,156,158 118,120 USGS office... ______217 remote-sensing studies _____ 172 Gemini spacecraft, availability Geothermal studies. See Temper­ salt-water intrusion.______83,84 of photomaps. ______174 ature studies. surface water. _____ 54,83,84,156 use of photography from. __ 169 Geothermal waters, hot springs. _ 65, USGS office______217 Geochemical prospecting, for 105, 108 Flow, ground water, measure­ heavy metals______179 Germany. See Federal Republic ment. ______137 methods.------.------9 of Germany. See also Base flow, Low flow, uranium. ______106 Glacial deposits, moisture con­ Streamflow, Tidal Geochemistry, analytical, results tent, effect on trees. . 136 flow, Turbulent flow. of investigations. _. _ _ 138 remote-sensing studies _____ 172 Fluid inclusions, isotope-ratio cosmic, results of investiga­ tillitic, Antarctica. ______186 deter minations______108 tions. -__.______167 Glaciation, effect on erosion-... 114 use in geologic thermometry experimental, results of in- Glaciers, dynamics. ______115 validated. _____-__ 93 vestigations ______92,106 effect on lake temperatures. 116 Flume studies, sediment trans­ ore deposits, results of in­ temperature studies __ ___ 172 port_____.___ 114,115 vestigations.___-__ 106 Glaciology, results of investiga­ Fluoride, determination by spe­ sampling methods investiga- tions ______115 cific-ion electrode__ 141 tion______103 Glass sand, occurrence ir other Fluorspar, estimated reserves and water, results of investiga- countries.------182 resources. __-__._-__ 13 tions------.,- 103 GNOME, Project, hycVologic Foraminifera, occurrence and See also under State names. studies ______152 age_-.___-__ 39,118,119 Geochronology. See Absolute Gold, determination, activation offshore northeastern United ages, Geochronome- ___-_____- 138 States. ______74 try, and under State determination, combined fire temperature studies. ______119 names. assay-spectrocl -imical See also Fusulinids. Geochronometry, results of in­ method___--_-_-__- 140 Foreign nations and areas, geo­ vestigations __--_.-__ 110 fire assay ______138 logic and hydrologic Geological Survey Remote Com­ gamma-ray spectrome- studies__.______175 puting System, addi­ try______. 138,139 topographic studies. ______198 tional terminals. _ _. _ 205 distribution in plutonic Forest fire, effect on runoff. _ _ _ _ 134 Geological Survey Research rocks. ______--_-__- 101 Fossil fuels, United States and 1968, short papers, district studies. ______1, 77 world energy re- list--.._____-__-_ 253 estimated reserves and re­ sources-______14 Geomagnetic-polarity time scale. 90 sources ______13 See also Coal, Lignite, Natu­ Geomorphology, results of in- geochemical prospecting..-- 9, 10 ral gas, Peat, Petro­ vestigations__--_-__- 120 in marine sediments. _ _ _ 74, 77, 78 leum, Petroleum and See also under State names. lead-isotope composit'on-.. 106 natural gas. GEOPAC, computer programs.- 205 mobility during weathering. 7 Fossils. See Paleobotany, Pale­ Geophysical logging, in ground- occurrence noted, domestic. 4, ontology, Pollen. water studies ___..._ 137 22, 30, 77, 78, 79, 80 France, technical assistance___ 177 Geophysics, results of investiga­ other countries.. 178, 179, 184 Fuels. See Coal, Lignite, Natural tions______89,143 placer, possible locations. .. 19, 78 gas, Peat, Petroleum, See also various types of role of micro-organisms in Petroleum and natu­ studies: Aeromag- solubilization ______11 ral gas. netic, Electromag­ soluble-complex formation. _ 94 Fuller's earth, estimated reserves netic, Gravity, Heat- standard samples. ______138 and resources ______13 flow, Infrared, Mag­ trace elements in______140 Fusulinids, measurements, com­ netic, Mechanical Gosses Bluff, Australia, analogs puter compilation. __ 119 properties of rocks, of lunar features. ... 165 Paleomagnetic, Seis­ Graphite, estimated reserves and G mic, Temperature, resources..----.---- 13 Gabbro, oxygen-fugacity equi­ and under State names. Gravity studies, district srrveys. 26, librium.______92 Georges Bank, off east coast, 34,35,42,166 Galena, solubility in buffered marine faunas __ _. _ 74 interpretation of data by solutions.. ______94 Georgia, cooperating agencies. __ 210 computer.- ---.---- 10 Gamma-ray spectrometric anal­ geophysics_.____--______145 nuclear test sites _ __.____- 150 ysis, gold. ____._ 138,139 ______---_--_- 3,7 placer deposits. ______5 SUBJECT INDEX A353

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Gravity Studies Continued Guam, ground water______69 Humic acid, formation of soluble regional surveys.______17,38 Guinea. See Republic of Guinea. gold complexes. _____ 94 used with aeromagnetic stud­ Gulf Coastal Plain, ground water. 122, Humus, mineral content as geo- ies in estimating thick­ 124 chemical indicator. _ _ 9 ness.---..,______151 stratigraphic studies___--__ 18 Hurricane Beulah, flood damage. 155 Great Basin, composition of See also individual States Hydration-rind dating, rhyolite brines______104 shown on map, p. A16. 110 Great Britain, technical assist­ Gulf of Alaska, marine geology.. 79 Hydraulic roughness, artificial, ance. ______177 Gulf of Maine, marine faunas.. _ 74 conduits ______126 Great Plains. See individual States marine geology______73 stream channels. ______126 shown on map, p. A16. Gulf of Mexico, concentration of Hydrocarbon mineral fuels, esti­ Great Smoky Mountains Na­ suspended material __ 82 mated reserves and tional Park, Tenn.- marine geology______75 resources. __-_____._ 14 N.C., ground water.. 60 Gullies, fossil, effect on land use.. 136 Hydrogen-deuterium ratios, at­ Greece, isotope studies of meta- Guyana, geologic studies ______179 mospheric hydrogen. 108 morphic rocks_____ 109 number of publications Hydrologic cycle, water-quality Ground water, chemical constit­ issued____-____--_ 175 changes in__ -.____-_ 129 uents in__--_-_----_ 129 technical assistance. _____ 176, 198 Hydrologic instrumentation, re­ computer technology,______66 Gypsum, estimated reserves and sults of investiga­ contamination ______149, resources. _---_-____ 13 tions __ _-__---_--. 136 150,152,153,158 occurrence in other countries. 179 Hydrothermal fluids, geochem- See also Saline water, in 104 H ground water, determination of cesium and Hafnium, determination, neutron strontium tracers. _ _ _ 141 activation. __ ___._._ 139 Iceland, astronaut training area. 166 effect of evapotranspiration Hawaii, astronaut training area., 166 remote-sensing studies. _ _. _ 169 on.___.______123 cooperating agencies. ______210 Idaho, cooperating agencies _ _ 211 effect of nuclear explosions evapotranspiration ______68 geochronology. __--___---_ 27 on._.____ 150,151,152 geochemistry.______98, 107 gold.______-______-_--_ 6 effect of serpentinization on. 105 geochronology.___.._____ 91, 107 ground water.------64, 71, 123 electric-analog studies__ 122,123 geophysics______91 paleontology.------.- 24 estimation of alluvial chan­ ground water.______68 quality of water.______--_ 153 nel infiltration ______132 remote-sensing studies _ _ _ - _ 170 stratigraphy.------.----- 24,27 flow measurements ______137 surface water.___--.____-_ 68 structural geology______25 geophysical logging. ______137 USGS offices. ____..___- 216, 217 surface water.______72 geophysical studies ______123 Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USGS office...-_ .__ 217 intraformational zonation_ 125 results of investiga­ See also Yellowstone Na­ location of discharge, remote tions____---______99 tional Park. sensing______172 Heat-flow studies, Arctic Ocean. _ 89 Illinois, cooperating agencies. _ __ 211 movement in vadose zone_ 123 borehole, applied oceano- floods --_- 128 occurrence. See under State graphic techniques. _ 89 surface water-______58, 59 names. geothermal areas ______90 USGS office .- 217 outflow theory extended_ _ 130 lakes-.--.------90 Image correlator, in topographic- quality. See Contamination, North Atlantic Ocean. _ _ _ _ _ 89 map compilation- _ _ _ 200 water; Geochemistry, Heavy metals, occurrence in other Impact craters. See Terrestrial water; and quality of countries.-----.---- 178 analogs. water under State placer deposits, possible Inclusions. See Fluid inclusions. names. locations. __-_-_---_ 77 India, geologic studies.___.___. 180 relation to lake levels. _____ 132 results of investigations. _ _ _ 1 number of publications relation to structure ______131 See also specific metal names. issued....------175 relation to surface water__ 130, Helium, estimated reserves and technical assistance- ______177 131,132 resources. ______13 USGS office-_____--_---_- 218 simulation modeling-_-.___ 122 Hematite, occurrence in other Indiana, cooperating agencies. __ 211 structural control of_ _ _ _ _ 123,124 countries- ______179 ground water______--- 58 systems analysis___--__.- 122 See also Iron ore. hydrology------131 temperature studies.______124 Hornblende, mantle origin, role USGSoffice _-_- - 217 transport of radionuclides in. 153 of potassium and Indonesia, number of publica­ withdrawal, as cause of land aluminum. _-__-_-__ 96 tions issued.______175 subsidence______158 Hot springs, isotopic alteration Industrial wastes, aquifer re­ See also Aquifers. of limestone- ______108 charge by_------125 Ground-water hydrology, results Utah.. .______65 as ground-water contami­ of investigations- _ _ _ _ 122 Yellowstone National Park. 105 nant..------158 A354 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index" Page Page Page Infiltration, into alluvial chan­ Kentucky, cooperating agencies- 211 Level rods, photographic grad­ nels, estimation _____ 132 geochemistry..--_------_- 103 uation of.______199 relation to structure.______131 ground water._._-_-_____- 59 Liberia, geologic studies.______182 Infrared studies, aid in tracing paleontology...______23,116,117 number of publications faults--_-_-.______26 plant ecology.______136 issued______-_-___._ 175 coal-mine fires.______149 quality of water____---__- 59, 157 technical assistance._____ 176, 198 results of investigations.--. 169 stratigraphy. _-_-___--___. 22 USGS office. . 218 tektites, water content_____ 167 structural geology ______. 19 Libya, number of publications Infrared-absorption analysis, surface water. _____-___-_- 157 issued ______175 fixed water in rocks. _ 139 USGS offices-_-.----_._ 216,217 Light metals. See specific metal Instruments and equipment, gas- Kenya, hydrologic studies._____ 181 names. mixing apparatus for number of publications Lightweight aggregates, occur­ control of oxygen issued______175 rence in Pakistan..- 181 fugacity______. 92 technical assistance. ______176 Lignite, district studies ______23 hydrologic___--______. _ 136 Korea, hydrologic studies__.__ 184 estimated reserves and lunar, field testing..______213 number of publications resources______14 remote sensing____ 170, 171, 172 issued______175 Lime, estimated reserves and rock-stress borehole probe __ 149 technical assistance. ______177 resources...-. ______13 water bath for aqueous- USGSoffice__-_____-_.__- 219 Limestone, estimated reserves solution mineral equi­ Kyanite, estimated reserves and and resources-______13 libria studies. -___.__ 92 resources. ______13 isotopic alteration ______108 X-ray milliprobe______141 occurrence in other countries- 182 occurrence in other coun- Investigations in progress, list___ 221 tries_-___-_---_-__- 179 Iowa, cooperating agencies_____ 211 Limestone hydrology, Kentucky. 59 floods______-_._____..__ 127, 154 Lakes, flushing time______135 Montana... _--_-----_--_- 61 ground water.______57 proglacial, occurrence. _____ 23 Limnology, results of inT'estiga- quality of water.______57 temperature studies___.___ 90, 172 tions______134 USGS office-_-__---______217 water levels, relation to See also Lakes, Reservoirs, Iron-iron sulfide mixtures, melt­ ground water._-_.-- 132 and under Slate ing relations. ______167 relation to rainfalL _ _ _. 134 names. Iron ore, estimated reserves and See also Reservoirs. Lithium, estimated reserves and resources______13, 104 Lake Superior region, regional resources..-.------13, 104 occurrence in other countries. 179, geology. ____--__.-- 22 Long Island, N.Y., oF-jct of 182, 183 See also Michigan, Minne­ urbanization on potential undersea deposits. 74 sota, Wisconsin. stream temperature. 148 See also Hematite. Land subsidence, results of inves­ remote-sensing studies. _ _ _ _ 173 Isotope studies, results of inves­ tigations. _.-_-_---- 158 Louisiana, cooperating ag:encies_ 211 tigations. ______106 Land use, relation to gullies.___ 136 geochemistry--_-_--_-_--- 111 See also geochemistry under Latin America. See individual ground water.______60 State names. countries listed on p. quality of water. _ _ _ _ _ 60, 156, 157 Isotopic relationships, ultramafic All 6 and under sedimentation. ______115 rocks_ _-_-_..-__.__- 42 Caribbean area. surface water.-__-__ 126, 156, 157 Lava Beds National Monument, USGSoffices______215,217 Calif., quality of Low flow, rivers, measurement-- 136 Jadeite, crystal chemistry ______94 water....------71 rivers, predict!on. ______128 Jamaica, paleontology ______120 Lead, as plant and soil contam­ Luminescence, low-intensity de- technical assistance.______176 inant------158 tection_.___--__--_- 170 Japan, technical assistance. _ . _ _ 177 distribution in igneous Lunar features, terrestrial ana­ Jasperoid, minor-element associ­ and metasedimentary logs. ------164 ation of gold______9 rocks_.___--___-__- 107 Lunar Orbiter spacecraft, photo­ Johannsenite, chemistry of _ _ _ _ _ 94 domestic occurrence-...-- 4,8,31 graphic studies. __ _ _ . 162, Jokulhlaup, cause of ______116 estimated reserves and 163, 164 resources.--.-.---- 13, 104 photographs, stereomodels isotopes, as indicators of from...-.----.----- 173 Kansas, cooperating agencies.-.- 211 gold bedrock sources- 106 regional studies.----.----- 163 floods-_--__--_____.____ 138,154 in volcanic rocks. _____ 107 scientific site studies.. ______163 ground water. ______66 use as guide to ore _ 106 M paleobotany._-.___-______118 occurrence in other coun­ soil moisture... ______132 tries.------178, 179, 183 Magmatic processes, results of surface water.______126 Leadhillite, occurrence------97 investigations. ______101 USGSoffice.______217 Leasing, Federal, mineral lands_ 86 Magnesite, occurrence no*.ed _ 31 SUBJECT INDEX ^355

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Magnesium minerals, estimated Maps, basement-rock, North Massachusetts Continued reserves and re­ America______45 structural geology.______16 sources_--___--___ 13 flood, urban area..______156 surface water.______50 Magnesium stannate, new min- geologic, Appalachian USGS offices.______216 217 eral______.-.- 97 States______46 Mauritius, hydrologic studies. __ 183 Magnetic studies, as aid in dating various scales______43 Mechanical properties of rocks, eruptions...------26 heat-flow contour, from results of investiga­ anomalies, from altered and snowlines______90 tions_---______91 mineralized rock _ _ _ _ 24 lunar, from spacecraft photo- Mercury, estimated reserves and from deep faulting. _ _ _ _ 25 graphs__--______-_ 162 resources... ______13 from ore deposits, _ _ _. _ 25 metallogenic, North Amer­ geochemical prospecting.... 9,10 linear type associated ica. ___-___--____-_ 45 Metallogenic map, North Amer- with dike swarm____ 32 metamorphic rocks, North ica.______45 linear type revealed__ 21 America______46 Metals, as plant and soil con­ district surveys ______166 national parks and monu­ taminants-______158 placer deposits.__---__-__- 5 ments______194 See also Heavy metals, regional, Antarctica._-__. 187 paleotectonic, United States. 46 Ore deposits. Trace ultramafic rocks.______34 tectonic, North America.-__ 45 metals, and individual See also Aeromagnetic stud­ topographic, compilation metal names. ies, Paleomagnetic from aerial photog­ Metamorphic map, North Amer­ studies. raphy..-___._____ 196 ica. ______46 Magnetite, occurrence in other million-scale. ___--____ 195 Meteor Crater, Ariz., drill cut­ countries.------183 See also National Atlas. tings from_--______167 Maine, cooperating agencies.___ 211 Mares, stratigraphic studies _ _ _ _ 162 Meteorites, origin of cliftonite in_ 167 spherule size, from deep-sea geochemical prospecting- _. _ 9 Marine geology and hydrology, sediments. ______167 geophysics__-_-_-_--_-___ 17, 145 results of investiga­ See also Tektites. gold._--_-_------__---__ 4 tions_-___._-__.__ 73 petrology.-.------17 Metropolitan-area maps, status. 193 Marine organisms, influence structural geology ------17 Mexico, engineering geology.... 147 of temperature on USGS office--.------.-.- 217 Gemini photomaps, northern growth.....--_._-_- 83 Management, natural resources part----...... -.__ 174 Marine resources, appraisal. _ _ _ _ 80 on Federal and Indian geochemistry. ___-._____ 104, 107 lands ______85 Marshall Islands, reef features- _ 80 isotope studies of fluid in­ topographic program, auto­ Maryland, cooperating agencies. 211 clusions....--______108 mation in______189 floods.______155 petrology, offshore area.-.. 98 Manganese, distribution with gold_-__----_..-._-_-_ 3,22,138 remote-sensing studies_____ 169 biotite and horn- ground water. ______53, 122, 125 structural geology.______147 blende--_-_----___- 102 marine geology.______74 technical assistance. __--__- 176 estimated reserves and re­ marine hydrology.______83 Mica, estimated reserves and re­ sources__--__-___ 13, 104 paleontology.-______118 sources______13 submarine deposits ______74, 81 quality of water.______53, 172 Michigan, cooperating agencies. _ 211 remote-sensing studies _____ 170 ground water.___--__--_-_ 57,58 Manganese minerals, oxygen- rodingite._-__---______- 22 petrology__.-____.______22 fugacity equilibrium. 92, 93 stratigraphy.______18, 21 surface water._---__----_- 57 Manned lunar exploration, geo­ structural geology.______21 USGS office__.__.______217 logical programs in surface water.__..______- 53, 172 Micro-organisms, role in solubi- progress____-__--_-_ 165 urban studies____._-_-_-_- 113 lization of gold. _____ 11 Manned Spacecraft Center, geo­ USGS offices______216,217 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, basalts.___ 98 logical training pro­ Massachusetts, cooperating agen- heat-flow studies.______89 gram. _..__--_--___ 166 cies_____._.______211 Midcontinent region, water re­ Mapping, flood plains.______126 emery_____.___-___-____-- 17 sources______56 continental margin ______73 floods___,______..______126, 155 See also individual States geologic, Alaska..--_---_-_ 39 glacial geology.______17, 18 shown on map, p. A48. other countires.. 178, 179, 182 ground water.______50,51,157 Midway Atoll, paleontology. _ _ _ 119 lunar.______162 laterite______18 Million-scale topographic maps, orthophoto_-_--_--_---__- 203 marine geology.______74 status______195 soils, from color space photo­ mineralogy. ______95 Mine drainage, effect on water graphs. ___--_____-_ 169 petrology______-__-_'____ 17 quality______157 topographic, Topographic quality of water.______50, 157 relation to water levels. _ _ _ _ 130 Division activities. __ 189 stratigraphy. ______16 See also Acid mine drainage. A356 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Mineral lands, Federal, classifi­ Montana Continued Nevada Continued cation____.._..____ 85 See also Yellowstone Nation­ limnology____._.____.._._ 135 Federal, supervision of leas­ al Park. lunar analogs______164 ing.. ---__.______._ 86 Moon. See Extraterrestrial stud­ magnesite. __.______._._ 31 Minerals, activity-product deter­ ies, lunar. nuclear test site studies. . . 150, 151 mination... ______92 Morocco, hy drologic studies . _ - _ _ 183 paleogeography______113 "colloform" textures in ore_ 93 number of publications is­ paleontology...... 117 oxygen-fugacity measure­ sued. --__-----__-__ 175 petrology ..__._._._____ 32,33 ments______92,93 technical assistance. ______177 quality of water.______150 See also specific minerals. Mule Ear diatreme, Utah, an­ silver.... ______2,31 Minnesota, cooperating agencies. 211 alogs of lunar fea­ soil moisture______133 glacial geology.______23 tures_____----_-__ 164 stratigraphy. _ __ _ 31, 32, 33,151 ground water.______56, 122 structural geology.______30, hydrology.---____-_._____ 131 N 31, 32, 33, 151 USGS office..______217 National Atlas, Autoplot appli- surface water.______72 Minor elements, distribution, cations-___--_-__-_- 203 tungsten. __.---_____-.__- 31 effect on health. _ _ _ _ 158 status... _------_----__--- 198 USGSoffice______.___. 217 Mississippi, cooperating agencies 211 National parks, monuments, and vanadium. ______32 ground water_.___-_._____ 60 seashores, status of Nevada Test Site, geologic and hydrology. ______47 maps..__-_-_---_.- 194 hydrologic stu'lies __ 32,150 quality of water..______156 See also specific names: As- New England, floods. ______127, 138 surface water.______156 sateague Island, Ev­ geophysical, geological, and USGS office....______217 erglades, Great Smo­ mineral-resources Mississippi River, natural iso­ ky Mountains, Lava studies______16 topes in.______111 Beds, Rocky Moun­ water-resources stud'^s..-. 49, 50 sediment deposition.. ______115 tain, Yellowstone. See also individual States Mississippi Submarine Canyon National Reactor Testing Sta­ shown on map, p. A16. and Trench, geophys­ tion, Idaho, hydraulic New Hampshire, cooperating ical investigations _ _ _ 75 and hydrologic studies. 153 agencies______211 Missouri, cooperating agencies __ 211 Natural gas, estimated reserves glacial geology.______18 floods------.------.-- 154, 155 and resources. ______14 mineralogy. ______95 ground water ______58, 59, 123 occurrences noted or pre­ USGS office.----....----- 217 quality of water.-_--_____ 58, 149 dicted_____...___. 22,81 New Jersey, cooperating agen­ USGS offices ._--. 215,216,217 See also Petroleum and nat­ cies.____.__--- 212 Missouri River, longitudinal dis­ ural gas. evapotranspiration studies. 134 persion coefficients-.. 126 Near East. See individual coun­ ground water.. 49, 51, 52, 124, 125 natural isotopes in----_____ 111 tries listed on p. A176 quality of water ______157 temperature studies.______173 and A177. remote-sensing studies. ___. 172 Mollusks, occurrence and age___ 118 Nebraska, cooperating agencies. - 211 surface water______49, 52, 157 uranium-series dating- _____ 109 floods.-.---.------154 USGS office--__ - 217 See also Ammonites, Cepha- geochemistry.-..-- ______111 New Mexico, astronaut training lopods, Gastropods, ground water______63 area.______166 Pelecypods. quality of water.___-__-___ 130 coal. ______--._----- 30 Molybdenite, geochemical pros­ USGS office ______217 cooperating agencies ------212 pecting______10 Nepal, number of publications geochemical prospecting- - - - 9 Molybdenum, estimated reserves issued...--_---__--_ 175 geomorphology __-_____- 120 and resources ______13 technical assistance______177 geophysics------123, 166 occurrence noted______--__ 8 USGSoffice_---_----_--_- 219 gold.._____-____-. 4 Montana, cooperating agencies.- 211 Neutron activation, use in min­ ground water..._._- 123, 125, 152 floods_-_-----__._-_--_--_ 156 eral exploration. _ 10 lunar analogs.______164 geochemistry___-______. 101 Neutron-activation analysis, pro- paleobotany __,------117 geophysics______-______24,25 tactinium____.______110 paleontology ____.____-- 117 gold.______5 Nevada, brucite.______31 petrology ______---_- 99 ground water.______61 cooperating agencies.______211 quality of water ______152 lead-..____.______24 evapotranspiration studies __ 134 saline-water project ____- 73 mineralogy-_-__----_---_- 95 geochemical prospecting. _ _ _ 9 topographic mapping------201 petrology-______24,99 geochronology..-.- 31, 32, 33, 110 USGSoffices..------216,217 silver. ______24 geomorphology ___---___-_- 32 New minerals, data.____-_----- 97 stratigraphy.______24,25 geophysics______-__-_ 144, 151 New York, cooperating agencies. 212 structural geology ______25 gold...__.--__----_--.-- 1,2,30 glacial geology._-__---_--- 19 USGS offices ______216,217 groundwater______-_- 72,134 groundwater______49, 51, 148 zinc______24 lead______31 limnology ______.-_------90 SUBJECT INDEX .1357

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page New York Continued North Dakota Continued Oregon C outinued mineralogy.------94, 95, 96 remote-sensing studies _____ 173 gold______6 paleontology_--______-__ 117 USGS office_____.______218 ground water.______70,71 precipitation, mineral content. 104 Norway, mineralogy, Sunnm0re_ 95 heavy minerals.______77 quality of water______-__ 51,157 Nova Scotia, marine faunas___ 74 isotope studies.._---______107 remote-sensing studies _____ 173 Nuclear explosions, ground-mo­ marine geology.______77 stratigraphy______18 tion studies. ______144 mineralogy... ______97 structural geology._-_._--- 20 peaceful uses______152 petrology....______35,36 surface water_____ 49, 51, 148, 157 Nuclear generators, earth orbit- platinum. ______77 talc______.--_...-_- 19 ing______._____-_ 152 quality of water..______70,153 USGSoffice--_-_-__,_..._ 218 Nuclear magnetic resonance stratigraphy...... ______35 New Zealand, mineralogy, analyses, phosphorus structural geology______78 Kakanui______96 (¥).____.______141 surface water.______70 Nicaragua, geologic studies.-___ 179 Nuclear studies, results of in- USGSoffices__.___-.-_ 216,218 technical assistance.______176 vestigations______106,150 Organic fuels. See Coal, Lignite, Nickel, estimated reserves and Natural gas, Peat, resources..---_._--- 13 Petroleum, Petroleum in marine deposits.-___-_-_ 81 Obsidian, hydration-rind dating. Ill and natural gas. in sewage effluent-______157 Oceanographer Canyon, off east Organic substances, in water. _ 129,130 occurrence in other coun- coast, bedrock samples. 74 Orthophotomapping, results of tries------179 Oceans. See names of specific investigations- ______203 Nigeria, hydrologic studies____ 183 oceans: Arctic, North Orthophotoscope, in topographic- number of publications Atlantic, Pacific, map compilation- _ _ _ 200 issued___-____.___ 175 South Atlantic. Ostracodes, occurrence and age. 117 technical assistance.______177 Office of Minerals Exploration, offshore northeastern United USGS offices_____---_---- 219 purpose and activity. 11 States.. ------74 Niobium, estimated reserves and Office of Water Data Coordina­ Other countries, geologic and resources..------13 tion, activities ______48 hydrologic studies... 175 Nitrates, determination in saline Ohio, cooperating agencies.____ 212 topographic studies.____--- 198 minerals..-- ______140 ground water.______58 Oxygen, dissolved, concentration Nitrogen, assimilation, in model hydrology.. ______131 in river estuary. _ _ _ _ 157 streams. ___--_-____ 135 quality of water______58 dissolved, concentration in Noble metals. See Gold, Plati­ surface water.______58 river water. __-._--- 156 num, Silver, and re­ USGSoffices------.-.- 216,218 isotopes, composition in lated metals. Oil. See Petroleum, Petroleum carbonates.--.------108 North America, basement-rock and natural gas. composition in lime­ map....______45 Oil shale, estimated reserves stones..____--__-. 108 geologic maps, small-scale __ 45 and resources. ______14 in fluid inclusions-_ _ 108 metallogenic map...______45 Oklahoma, cooperating agencies. 212 ratios in metamorphic metamorphic rocks map____ 46 paleobotany. _--_-_-__.--_ 118 carbonate rocks. _ _ _ _ 109 tectonic map.______45 paleontology..... ______117 Oxygen-fugacity determinations, upper-mantle seismic studies. 144 USGS offices.....--.-.- 216,218 mineral-equilibrium North Atlantic Ocean, heat-flow Olivine, oxygen-fugacity equilib- studies...---...---- 92,93 studies. -_____.___-- 89 rium______._-_-_--_ 92 Oxygenation coefficients, used in North Carolina, cooperating Open-channel flow, longitudinal contamination studies. 157 agencies...-______212 dispersion coefficients. 126 copper______7 mechanics of______126 floods---______.______127 Open-file reports, how to obtain. 208 Pacific coast, regional geology 33 gold______.______7 Optical spectroscopy, results of water resources.------68 ground water.______53 investigations. ______140 See also individual States marine geology______74 Ore deposits, hydrothermal, geo­ shown on map, p. AJ6 petrology______21 chemistry. ______104 and A48. phosphorite__-___-_.____ 18 isotope studies..----_-_--- 106 Pacific continental margin, quality of water_____.____ 53,105 Ore minerals, "colloform" tex­ marine geology and stratigraphy. ______18 tures in.___----.--- 93 hydrology-....----- 76 structural geology. _____ 18,20,21 Oregon, black sands______77 Pacific Ocean, age of basalts, _ _ _ 98 USGS office______.______- 218 cooperating agencies. ______212 geophysics, Hawaii__-__--_ 91 North Dakota, cooperating evaporation studies. ___._._ 133 See also names of specific agencies...------212 floods..._____-___---___-- 138 islands: Caroline Is­ ground water______8,61,62 geochemistry.--__----_--- 107 lands, Guam, Hawaii, lignite. ______23 geochronology.. __--____-- 107 Marshall Islands, quality of water______61,62 geomorphology______77,78 Midway Atoll. A358 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Pakistan, geologic studies. _____ 181 Pennsylvania Continued Photography, study of channel geologic training course. _ _ _ 184 quality of water______52, 53, 157 erosion by tim? lapse. 138 hydrologic studies.______180 remote-sensing studies. _ _ 149, 170 See also Aerial photography, number of publications is- structural geology.--___-__ 19, 20 Spacecraft photo­ sued______--_- 175 surface water. ______49, 53, 157 graphs. remote-sensing studies. _ _ _ _ 169 USGSoffice______218 Photomaps and mosaics, areas technical assistance.______177 Permeability, laboratory and covered.______174 USGS offices______._ 218,219 field studies______122 Phreatophytes, effect on evapo- Paleobotany, occurrence and age sandstone, correction factor transpiration______134 of fossils._____--_-_ 27, for calculation ______92 Piedmont province, geopl ysics. _ 145 117, 118, 185 Peru, remote-sensing studies..-. 174 See also individual States See also Pollen and under Pesticides, as contaminants in shown in the eastern State names. water-_____-____- 129,156 part of the "Appalach­ Paleoenvironment studies, New Petroleum, district studies-_____ 8 ian Highlands" on York__-____-_--_-- 18 estimated reserves and re- map., p. A16. Paleomagnetic studies, intru­ sources______14 Pierre Shale, paleoenvironment sions, Antarctica. _ _ _ 186 occurrence in other coun- study______.______118 paleosecular variation indi­ tries__-___-______179 Pigeonite, crystal structure of cated in Hawaiian potential occurrence, Alaska. 79 clinoamphibole analog- 95 volcanics. ______91 Continental Slope. _ _ _ _ 80 Placer deposits, geophysics. _ _ _ _ 5 pole positions, Lake Superior See also Petroleum and nat­ gold.__..______3,4,5,6 region______22 ural gas. offshore-...-----.-- 77,79,80,81 time-boundary estimates, Petroleum and natural gas, pro­ Plankton, relation to nitrate- western United duction from public nitrogen levels ______84 States______90 lands.______87 Plant ecology, results of investi­ See also Magnetic studies. withdrawal, as cause of land gations______---_- 135 Paleontology, invertebrate, oc­ subsidence______158 Plants, contamination by metals. 158 currence and age of See also Natural gas, Petro­ desert, internal moisture fossils______------116 leum. pressure..--.------135 vertebrate, occurrence and Petrology, cosmic, results of metal absorption by ______9, 10 age of fossils. ___-._ 23, 119 investigations. ______167 tritium concentration s in _ _ _ 106 See also Paleobotany, names plutonic rocks, results of Platinum, determination, cata­ of specific types of investigations ______101 lytic method. _. __ 139 fossils, and under volcanic rocks, results of determination, colonmetric State names. investigations. ______98 method...... ____ 139 Paleotectonic maps, United pH and Eh, measurement at high occurrence in other coun­ States______--_-_ 46 pressure______138 tries______---___ 179 Palladium, determination, cata­ Phase diagrams, ternary system placer, possible locations. __ 77 lytic method______139 sequences. ______93 Platinum group metals, combined determination, colorimetric Phase relations, Fe-FeS mix­ fire assay-spectro- method. ______139 tures______167 chemical analysis..-- 140 Palynology. See Pollen. Philippines, number of publica­ estimated reserves and re­ Panama, paleontology.______119 tions issued______175 sources_____--__-_ 13 Particle fall velocity, relation to technical assistance.______177 PLOWSHARE Program, geologic eddy diffusion.._.- 114 Phosphate, laboratory studies- 179, 180 and hydrologr'c stud- Particle size, effect on sediment occurrence in other coun- ies______.____--____ 152 transport___--___- 114 tries.____ 178,179,180,184 Plutonic rocks, petrology, results Passaic River basin, New Jersey, Phosphate rock, estimated re­ of investigations. _ _ _ _ 101 oxygenation coeffi­ serves an d resources _ _ 13 Poland, technical assistarce __ 177 cients. ______157 Phosphoria Formation, mineral Polarity, geomagnetic, time- Pearl River, Mississippi-Louisi­ content-______10 boundary estimates.. 90 ana, dissolved-oxygen Phosphorite, marine deposits._ 74, 81 Pollen, fossil, occurrence and con centration ______156 occurrence noted ______19 age------___-_-_ 23, 119 Peat, estimated reserves and See also Phosphate. resources. ______-_-- 13 Phosphorus, fractionation as a Pollution, effect of .urbanization Pelecypods, occurrence and age_ 39, 116 measure of crystalli­ in karst area___----- 149 Pennsylvania, cooperating agen­ zation__-_-___-___ 98 See also Contamination. cies______212 Phosphorus (V), analyses by nu­ Potash, estimated reserves and ground water. ______49, 52, 53 clear magnetic reso­ resources.-.---.---- 13 ground-water-surface-water nance.. ______141 occurrence in other coun- relations, ______130 Photogrammetry, results of in­ tries____--_-_------180 petrology______99, 102 vestigations______200 Potassium, estimated resources.. 123 SUBJECT INDEX A359

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index'1

Page Page Page Potassium-argon dating. See Quality of water Continued Reservoirs, destratification sta­ under Absolute ages. relation to discharge and bility.. ______135 Potomac River basin, stream- specific conductance. 129 evaporation studies.______133 flow-data generaliza- See also Contamination, Rhode Island, cooperating 126 water; Geochemistry, agencies______212 Precipitation, infiltration into water; and under State floods______.______155 dune sand______71 names. USGSomce_--___----_-_- 218 mineral content. ______104 Quartz, spectra, atomospheric Rhodium, determination, chemi­ See also Rainfall. effects on______171 cal method.______139 Pressure-temperature studies. spectra, use in computer- Rhyolite flows, hydration-rind See Mechanical prop­ data storage.______171 dating-.------. 110 erties of rocks. Rivers. See Estuaries, Streams. Primitive areas, mineral investi­ Rock mechanics, results of in­ gations ______1,12 Radar-imagery studies, results vestigations_____-. 91 Program management, topo­ of investigations.. 170, 174 Rocky Mountain National Park, graphic, automation Radioactive disequilibrium, re­ Colo., ground water. 66 in__ -__ __ 189 sults of investiga­ Rocky Mountains, fossil pollen 119 Prospecting. See Geochemical tions... ______109 geochemistiy___-_-_---_-_ 106 prospecting. Radioactive elements, distribu- regional geology ______23 Protactinium, neutron-activa­ tion-____--______101 regional water resources. _ _ _ 61 tion analysis. ______110 Radioactive gases, disposal-__-_ 154 See also individual Slates Protodolomite, in echinoids_____ 97 Radioactive wastes, disposal.___ 153 shown on map, p. A16 Publications, FY 1968, USGS Radiochemical contamination, and A48. authors___-_------259 result of nuclear ex- Rodents, fossil, origin of...... 119 investigations in other coun­ plosion__--_-___-___ 157 Rodingite, occurrence noted.___ 21 tries. _.___ --______175 Radioisotopes, natural, levels in Royalties, from leased public USGS, how to order______207 rivers. _- ______111 lands..-____-_-____ 87 number issued. ___.___---- 207 Radiometric ages. See Absolute Rubidium, estimated resources._ 104 Puerto Rico, copper. ______42 ages, Geochronometry. Rubidium-strontium dating. See geophysics ______42,76 Rainfall, relation to lake levels __ 134 under Absolute ages. ground water______56 Rare earths, determination by Runoff, effect of forest fires on__ 144 heavy metals. ._-__-._____ 76 X-ray fluorescence.-- 141 effect of urbanization on.___ 148 marine geology. ______76 estimated reserves and re­ storm, piediction______127 quality of water.. ______56 sources______13 petroleum and natural gas__ 76 Recharge of ground water, com­ stratigraphy. ______42 puted by electric- Saguaro, as indicator of past structural geology _.____.-_ 42 analog model. ______123 hydrologic changes.__ 135 surface water. ______56 See also Artificial recharge. Saline minerals, determination of USGSoffices______216,218 Recrystallization textures, in nitrates in______140 Pumice, dated by tree establish­ clinoamphiboles _____ 94 Saline water, in ground water. __ 52, ment- _---____-____ 136 Reference standards, for spectro- 54, 61, 69, 70, 83, 84, 122, Pyrophyllite, estimated reserves chemical analysis. _ _ _ 140 124, 157, 181 and resources______13 Remote sensing, geologic applica­ in surface watei __.______.. 68, 157 Pyroxene, removal of excess tions, results of in­ Saline water and saline water radiogenic argon vestigations______169 aquifers, as resources. 72 from___.______111 hydrologic applications, re­ Salinity barriers, California.____ 71 sults of investiga­ Salt, estimated reserves and tions-.-.. ______171 resources.--___-__-- 13 Quadrangle mapping, revision. 190, 192 infrared surveys of coal-mine highway, as ground water status______191 fires_-_____-__----_ 149 contaminant- ______157 Quality of water, annual State Republic of China, technical as­ occurrence in other coun- reports______208 sistance. -__--______177 tries_-_-___-_------179 biological effects on______135 Republic of Guinea, technical Salt flats, origin._.___..______122 computer technology.______67 assistance. ______177 Salt water. See Brine, Saline contamination studies._____ 156 Republic of South Africa, min­ water, Salinity bar­ See also Ground water, con­ eralogy__._-______97 riers. tamination ; Surface Reserves and resources, estimates Salton Sea, Calif., amount of dis­ water, contamination, of mineral raw ma- solved metals ______104 effect of earthquakes on. _ _ _ 69 terials.______13 San Andreas fault, California, effect of urbanization ______149 Reservoir sites, waterpower geologic studies. __ 145,146 portable testing kit.______137 classification. ______86 geophysical studies_.____-_ 143 A360 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index" Page Page San Francisco Bay, Calif., marine Sillimanite, estimated reserves Southwestern United Spates, geology. ______76 and resources ______13 Gemini photomros_ _ 174 San Francisco volcanic field, Silver, determination, atomic ab­ remote-sensing studies _____ 169 Arizona, analogs of sorption______141 See also individual States lunar features______164 district studies.______7 shown on map, p, A16. San Joaquin Valley, Calif, land domestic occurrence noted. _ 4, 31 Spacecraft photographs, auto­ subsidence______158, 159 estimated reserves and re­ matic grid plotting __ 174 Sand, in dunes, infiltration of sources______13, 104 corrections for Earth map- precipitation ______71 geochemical prospecting_ _ 10 ping______173 See also Glass sand. in submarine sediments. _ _ _ 74 geologic applications.______169 Sand waves, effect on sediment occurrence in other countries _ 179, Specific-conductance studies', sur­ transport-..______114 183, 184 face water___-_____- 130 Sandstone, origin, Antarctica. __ 186 Slope stability, port and in­ Specific-ion electrode, determina­ Saudi Arabia, geochemistry _____ 106 dustry area develop­ tion of fluoride. _____ 141 geologic studies ______183 ment study. __-_.__- 149 Spectrochemical analysis, gold number of publications Snails, See Gastropods. and platinum metals. 140 issued______175 Snake River Plain aquifer, tri­ reference standards ______140 technical assistance- _____ 177, 198 tium concentration. _ 153 Spectrographic analysis, snark- USGS office______219 SNAP (Systems for Nuclear solution technique- _ _ 10 Savannah River Plant, S.C., Auxiliary Power), re­ trace elements in native gold. 140 tritium concentration sults of investigations. 152 Sphalerite, annual cyclic growth in plant issue. ______106 Soil mapping, from color space zonation______93 Sediment sampler, automatic photographs ______169 color and iron content. 97 pumping type. _ 137 Soil moisture, in glacial deposits, solubility in buffered solu- Sediment transport, in estuaries. 84 effect on trees ______136 tions_____-___------94 results of investigations.. 114, 121 results of investigations__ _ 132 Spherules, meteoritic, from deep- Sedimentary petrology, results Soils, contamination by metals. _ 158 sea sediments ______167 of investigations. _ _ _ _ 112 meteorological influence on Spodumene, chemistry ______94 Sedimentation, estuarine.______82 formation. ______121 Spoil banks, leaching, effect on littoral.______81 moisture retention ______132 water quality. ______157 Sedimentology, marine, results relation to stream quality __ 157 Sponges, fossil, Alaska ______39 Springs. See Hot springs. of investigations _ _ _ 81 Solid-state studies. See Mechan­ Stable isotopes, results of in­ results of investigations. _ _. 112 ical properties of vestigations__---_ 108 See also sedimentation under rocks. Stale names and Sedi­ State topographic maps, sts.tus__ 190 mentary petrology. South Africa. See Republic of STATPAC, computer programs. 205 Seismic studies, Alpine structure South Africa. Stereolmage Alternator system, compared with west­ South America, technical assist- in topographic-map ern United States. _. 144 ance______-_- 176 compilation_..____ 200 continental crust ______144 South Atlantic Ocean, geochem­ Streambed configuration, effect district surveys ______25, 166 istry, Tristan de on sediment trans­ nuclear explosions, measure­ Cunha______98 port-_____----- 114 ment of ground South Carolina, cooperating Streambed material, particle-size motion______144 agencies______213 analysis______------137 placer deposits-..______5 geochemistry. ______106 Streambed slopes, effect on travel San Andreas fault system. 143, 144 ground water._____--_-__ 54, 172 rates____-__--___-. 70 Selenium, atomic-fluorescence quality of water______54 Streamflow, data generalization. 126 spectrometry______139 remote-sensing studies. _ _ _ _ 172 discharge studies ______136, 137 Serpentinization, effect on ground structural geology___----_- 21 effect of ground-water rump- water. ______105 surface water.______54, 172 age on______---_- 130 USGSoffice------.------218 Sewage, as water contaminant. _ 149 estimation of mean, from trace-metal concentration in. 157 South Dakota, cooperating discharge measure­ Shales, carbon-isotope deter­ agencies....______213 ments______127 minations- ____..___ 108 floods______.______154, 155 Shell mounds, offshore.______74 geochemistry. ______109 measurements, movinj*-boat technique-______137 Sierra Nevada batholith, gold__ 101 gold.______4 subsolidus reactions__.__. 102 ground water. _ __.__-___-- 62,63 mechanics of turbulence _ 126 Signal lamps, flashing, for topo­ quality of water...______62, 63 simulation, for predating graphic mapping____ 199 uranium______8 storm runoff- ______127 Silica, content in brines ______104 USGS office-...--._-__--- 218 velocity measurements..-.. 137 Silicates, rock-forming, crystal Southern California batholith, volume, relation to soil chemistry. ______94 ___-.._._____- 101 moisture.--.-_----- 133 SUBJECT INDEX A361

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index" Page Page 1 Page Stream-channel morphology, Thailand, number of publications causes of changes__ 120 Taconic allochthon, origin of _ _ _ _ 20 issued______175 Streams, effect of ground-water Talc, district studies.______19 technical assistance. _____ 177 pumpage on____.___ 130 estimated reserves and re­ Thallium, estimated resources 104 effect of urbanization on.. 148,173 sources... ______13 Thermal analysis, carbonates in laboratory, nitrogen assimi­ occurrence in other coun­ rock______----_-_- 138 lation in______135 tries______179 Thermal conductivity, rock- temperature studies.. 126,148,173 Tantalum, determination, neutron forming minerals.... 90 transport of radionuclides in. 153 activation ______139 soils....---.-.------132 Stress changes, relation to earth- estimated reserves and re- Thermal springs. See Hot springs. quakes_-___-_-_____ 149 sources___---___-___ 13 Thermometry, use of fluid in­ relation to geologic struc- Technical assistance to other clusions in______93 tures---____-._____ 149 nations, results of in­ Tholeiites, minor elements___. 99 Strip mines, effect of drainage on vestigations_____ 175, 198 Thorium, concentration in ground water quality.______157 Tectonic map, North America. _ _ 45 water______109 Strontium, isotopes, in igneous Tektites, water content______167 concentration in volcanic rocks.. _ _ 106 Television, use in noting borehole rocks-__--__------107 tracers, determination in defects______137 determination in water. . _ _ _ 112 ground water ______141 Tellurium, atomic fluorescence distribution in plutonic Submarine canyons, geology and spectrometry ______139 rocks.______101 oceanography. ______74, 82 Temperature studies, boreholes. _ 89 estimated reserves and re- Submarine plateau. See Blake crust and upper mantle. _ _ _ _ 89 sources__-___------13 Plateau. field-monitoring of aerial Tidal flow, estuaries______83 Subsidence, land, results of in­ infrared studies____ 170 Tillitic deposits, Antarctica...-- 186 vestigations. ______158 glacier and nearby lake _____ 172 Time scale, geomagnetic-polar- Sudan, number of publications ground water. ______124 ity__--_-_------90 issued... _____-__ _ 175 lakes.....______90,172 Tin, estimated reserves and re­ Sulfides, mineralogy______97 mineral assemblages.._____ 92 sources______13, 104 Sulfide minerals, in basalt_ _ _ _ _ 98 Missouri River______173 occurrence noted_._.______3, 79 Sulfur, estimated reserves and ocean.______89 Titanium, estimated reserves and resources______13 soils..,______132 resources...- ______13 occurrence in other coun­ surface water__ 126, 130,148, 173 Topographic surveys and map­ tries.______178 See also Hot Springs, Infra­ ping, results of in­ Surface water, annual State red studies. vestigations _____ 189 reports______208 Tennessee, cooperating agencies. 213 Tower, truck-mounted, for topo­ chemical constituents in____ 129 floods..____..______154 graphic mapping. ___ 198 ground water __-__ ..__ 60,124 colored organic material in_ _ 129 Trace metals, in sewage effluent. 157 lunar analogs______164 computer technology__ _ _ _ 49, Tracer studies, dye losses ___ 115 50, 66, 128 phosphate.------.------19 stratigraphy. ______-___._- 19 Tracers, radioactive, in hydro- contamination-___-_-_-___ 129, logic studies ______106 130, 148, 156, 157 structural geology.___--___ 19 Trachyte, occurrence, Antarc­ natural radiosotope levels in USGS offices.______216,218 tica ------187 rivers_-__-__-______111 zinc______19 relation to ground water. _ _ _ 130 Tentaculids, occurrence and age. 39 Transcontinental Geophysical temperature studies. _ _ _ _ _ 126, Terrestrial analogs, lunar fea­ Survey Strip, geo­ 130,148, 173 tures______164 logic and geophysical Surface-water hydrology, results Texas, astronaut training area__ 166 maps___-_-____--__ 45 of investigations__ _ 125 cooperating agencies. ______213 Trees, deuterium fractionation Surtsey volcano, Iceland, remote- engineering geology______148 by------__-_- 108 sensing studies ______169 floods______148,155 Tremolite, exsolution and re- Surveyor spacecraft, lunar sur­ geochemistry. ______106 crystalization tex­ face studies______161 ground water. ______67, 122, 125 tures__-____--____ 95 Susannite, occurrence.______97 lunar analogs.______165 Tristan de Cunha, South Atlan­ Susquehanna River basin, sta­ marine geology_____-___. 75, 76 tic Ocean, geochem- tistical aquifer co­ paleobotany.______118 istry-_-----_- _--_ 98 efficients. ______50 quality of water______..- 68 Tritium, content in atmospheric Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary remote-sensing studies. _ _ _ _ 169 hydrogen______108 Power (SNAP), re­ surface water.______.__ 68 in ground water, migration. 153 sults of investiga­ urban studies.______148 pulse tracing in hydrologic tions______152 USGS offices- ______215, 216, 218 studies ...-.___ 106 A362 SUBJECT INDEX

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Tungsten, estimated reserves and V Washington Continued resources.______14 Vanadium, estimated reserves water-use studies ______70 occurrence noted.______31 and resources ______14 Washington, D.C. See Distr'ct of Tunisia, number of publications Vegetables, contamination by Columbia. issued______175 metals_-__.______158 Wastes. See Industrial wastes, Tunnels, nuclear test site studies. 150 Vegetation, effect of modification Radioactive washes. Turbidity currents, experimental on evapotranspira- Water, analysis, results of investi­ studies.. ______82 tion______133 gations.______141 Turbulent flow, mechanics of _ _ _ 126 estuarine, detection by in­ contamination, results of in­ Turkey, geologic studies__ 183 frared photography-_ 172 vestigations. ______156 number of publications is­ relation to soil moisture.-.. 132 geochemistry, results cf in­ sued. ______175 See also Phreatophytes Plant vestigations ______103 technical assistance. ______177 ecology, Plants, Trees, in rocks, infrared-absorption USGS office..______219 Xerophytes. analysis... ______139 yield, probability analysis __ 128 U Vermont, cooperating agencies __ 213 ground water.______51 See also Ground water, Qual­ Uganda, technical assistance.... 177 USGS office______--____- 218 ity of water, Surface Ultramafic complexes, isotopic re­ Vertebrate fossils. See Paleontol­ water. lationships of ______42 ogy, vertebrate. Water-level changes, predicted United States, geologic map____ 46 Vietnam, technical assistance. __ 177 by electric-analog paleotectonic maps ______46 Virgin Islands, precipitation, min­ model-..-.------123 Uranium, concentration in eral content- ______104 Water resources, reports describ­ ground water.______109 Virginia, cooperating agencies.._ 213 ing State programs. _ 208 concentration in volcanic floods______155,156 Waterpower classification, reser­ rocks.______107 geomorphology- ______136 voir sites.. ______86 distribution in plutonic geophysics-______--- 21 Watersheds, flood frequency. 138 rocks.______101 ground water ______125 Wells, water, effects of nuclear district studies-.--___-___. 8 petrology.-.--__---_----_- 21 explosions on ______151 estimated reserves and re­ plant ecology.____-_----_- 136 water, factors causing cor­ sources-....-______14 stratigraphy. ______19 rosion___..._____-- 124 technique for study of dis­ structural geology. _____ 19, 20, 21 See also Boreholes. tribution in speci­ USGS offices.______216,217,218 West Indies. See Jamaica, P 'erto mens. ______109 zinc___--_----.-_-_------19 Rico. Uranium-series dating. See under Volcanic rocks, cycles of eruption. 99 West Virginia, cooperating Absolute ages. petrology, results of inves­ agencies.--______213 Urban area studies, flood map- tigations. ______98 USGSoffice___--_------218 ping_------______156 Volcanoes, aerial infrared studies. 169 Western United States, geo­ results of investigations - - _ _ 148 geologic studies, Alaska.___ 41 chemistry------103, 106 topographic maps ______193 geologic studies, Costa Rica. 179 See also individual States Urbanization, effect of construc­ Volcanology, Hawaii-____-__-__ 101 shown on map, p. tion on erosion______113 AW. effect on dissolved solids in W White Sands, N. Mex., analogs of streams. ______148 Washington, cooperating agen- lunar features._ _ _ _ _ 164 effect on runoff--.______148 cies-_-_____-__---_ 213 Wilderness Act, mineral investi­ effect on stream morphol­ dendrochronology. _--_--_- 136 gations ______-- 12 ogy ______121 erosion______-__-__---_ 113 Wildlife refuges, mineral investi­ effect on stream tempera- geochemistry-_____-_----- 1J)7 gations ___-__-_-- 12 ture______148,173 geochronology ______---- 27, Wisconsin, cooperating agencies. 213 Ureyite, chemistry______94 36, 102, 107, 136 floods______------154 Utah, archeology______120 geomorphology______35 ground water.______57,123 cooperating agencies. ______213 glaciology ______115, 116 hydrology.--..------131 earthquakes.. ______149 ground water.______69,70 surface water.------57 e vapotranspiration ______64 marine geology.______78, 85 USGS offices.------216,218 geomorphology______120 petrology ______36 Wyoming, cooperating agencies. _ 213 geophysics______149 quality of water____ 70,153, 157 geochemistry _____._--._..-_ 109 gold______5 remote-sensing studies. _ __ _ 172 geochronology_____-_-_--- 26, 27 ground water.______64, 65 stratigraphy______-_._ 27,78 geophysics ______-_.__.- 26,90 lunar analogs.______164 structural geology ______36, 78 glacial geology.___-__-___- 27 quality of water______64, 65 surface water______--. 69,157 gold___-___-_------10 stratigraphy.______24,28 urban studies.______113 ground water._____---_-.- 62 surface water-______64,65 USGS offices.______215,216,218 palynology.------23 USGS offices...._ 215,216,218 ______-______36 petroleum-____---_------8 SUBJECT INDEX A363

See also "Investigations in Progress" and "Publications Index"

Page Page Page Wyoming Continued X-ray fluorescence analysis Yellowstone National Park petrology ______26 Continued Continued quality of water. ______62 results of investigations- ___ 141 heat-flow studies -_-_--_ _ 90 _____ 10 use in mineral exploration. _ 10 remote-sensing studies- _ 170, 174 stratigraphy ______23, 26, 27 X-ray milliprobe, new______141 structural geology. _____ 23, 25, 26 Xenoliths, in basalts.______98 uranium ______8 Xerophytes, internal moisture USGS offices.______216,218 pressure______135 Zambia, technical assistance ____ 175 See also Yellowstone Na­ Zinc, domestic occurrence noted. 8 tional Park. estimated reserves and re­ sources______14, 104 in sewage effluent______157 X-ray fluorescence analysis, Yellowstone National Park, geo- occurrence in other coun- method for rubidium- chemistry______108 tries--___------__ 17°. 184 strontium determi­ geologic studies______26, 27 Zirconium, estimated reserves nations______110 geothermal waters___-----_ 105 and resources ______14

INVESTIGATOR INDEX

[See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968" (p. A259) ] Page Page Page A Beetem, W. A_.______152 Buffington, E. C--_-_------79 BuU, W. B .. 159 Abel, J. F., Jr______149 Behrendt, J. C_.___ 26, 28, 115, 187 Bukry, J. D-_. ______75 Ackermann, H. D______166 Beikman, H. M-____-_____.-__ 46 Burcar, P. J__ ------129 Addicott, W. O______146 Bell, P. M______167 Burchett, C. R_-___-__------60 Adolphson, D. G___-_.._.____ 62,63 Bennett, L. C______78 Burkham, D. E______-_--_---_ 132 Albers, J. P______2 Bennett, R. R______122 Burnett, T. L., Jr______78 Albin, D. R______132 Berdan, J. M______-._ 117 Burnham, C. W-__------94 Aldridge, B. N._____..______120 Berg, H. C- _ 39, 42 Busby, M. W______- 173 Alexander, C. E______167 Bergin, M. J______20 Byerlee, J. D____._---_------91 Algermissen, S. T______..______180 Bergquist, H. R______18 Alien, W. B______57 Berryhill, H. L______75 Altschuler, Z. S.______7,118 Beverage, Joseph______137 Cable, L. W-_------131 Anders, R. B______..______56 Bidwell, L. E----_------_- 131 Cadigan, R. A_____-----_-_--- 6 Anderson, A. T______98 Birkeland, P. W-___----___-_- 121 Calkins, James_____-__------181 Anderson, D. G______156 Bjorklund, L. J______64 Callahan, J. E_-__--__------39 Anderson, H. R______..______183 Blacet, P. M______4 Callahan, J. T____----_------184 Anderson, Lennart-______40 Blade, L. ¥....._ __.__._ . 182 Campbell, R. H__----__------33 Anderson, P. W______172 Blake, M. C., Jr_____-_-_____- 32, 34 Campbell, W. J____ _- 115,172 Anderson, R. R______172 Blank, H.R.,Jr____-_____.__- 26 Canney, F. C_-_-_----_ - 9 Anderson, W. T______67 Bloxham, W. M______54 Cannon, H. L____-.______9,158 Angelo, C. G______.__ 69 Boettcher, A. J_____._____ 66 Cannon, P. J-_------162 Antweiler, J. C______107 Boggs, Sam, Jr______77 Carr, M. H ------162 Appel, C. A______131 Bolke, E. L__.______64 Carroll, R. D __------150 Appleman, D. E______94 Boner, F. C____-___---__--___ 156 Carswell, L. D __ 124,125 Ar mbrustmacher, T.J______2 Bonilla, M. G_ ___._-__._- 146, 147 Castillo, R______- 179 Armstrong, A. K______42,117 Books, K. G____-_--.__--_ 22 Caswell, W. W______- 157 Ashley, R. P______2 Borcherdt, R. D______144 Cater, F. W., Jr______37 Averitt, Paul.______15 Boswell, E. H______-___---_- 60,131 Boucot, A. J______17 Cathcart, J. B-_-__----_------179 B Bowers, W. E______28 Cederstrom, D. J ______50 Babad, Harry_____.__ 130,141 Bowles, C. G_____-_---__._-_- 8, 109 Cervione, M. A., Jr ______52 Babcock, H. M______181 Bown, M. G 95 Chandler, J. C_--___---_------139 Bailey, E. H.______.______34,184 Boyd, W. W., Jr_-______. 185 Chao, E. C. T______166 Bailey, R. A______99 Boynton, G. R_-_-______170, 171 Cherry, R. N__.____ _ 55 Bain, G. L______._____ 53 Brabb, Earl______40 Childers, J. M.______----- 155 Baker, C. H., Jr______65 Brace, W. F______91 Christ, C.L._ - _- - 92 Baker, J. A______49 Brackley, R. A_--__---_-_--_- 51 Christensen, A. N__.___-_--_-- 94 Baker, M. W. G------_----__ 182 Branson, F. A___-_-_-______- 136 Christiansen, R. L ______26 Baldwin, D. A______151 Braun, K. J____.______154 Chubb, L. W--_------120 Baldwin, E. M______6,77 Bredehoeft, J. D_-_----_-__-_- 122 Churkin, Michael, Jr_____-_--_ 40 Barker, Fred______4,108 Breger, I. A__-----_------__- 139 Clark, A. L ------3 Barnes, D. F______38 Brennan, Robert______-____- 105 Clark, J. C____- - 34 Barnes, H. H______84 Brett, P. R______165, 167 Clark, J. R--_--_------94,95,96 Barnes, Ivan______105,108 Brietkrietz, Alex______-______61 Clifton, H. E ----- 77, 81, 146, 147 Barnes, J. W______.___ 184 Bromfield, C. S_-__----_------33 Cline, D.R_ ------69 Barnett, P. R______140 Brosgg, W. P.__-___---___-_-_ 3,41 Coates, D. A___._ - 186 Barnwell, W. W_-______69,172 Brown, C. E______19 Coats, R. R 2,32 Barraclough, J. T______154 Brown, D. L--_---_---____ 72,125 Cobb, E. D______------127 Bastron, Harry______9 Brown, D. W____..______-- 181 Cobban, W. A._____ ----- 118 Bath, G. D______151 Brown, F. W-_-__--_--_------140 Coffin, D. L-_ 61 Bauer, D. P______50 Brown, P. M______122 Coker, A. E - - 54, 172 Bayley, R. W_.______4,45 Brown, R. D., Jr____ 145,147,179,185 Coleman, R. G___ 35 Beck, M. E., Jr______22, 186 Bryant, Bruce__-_-----_____ 21,30 Collier, C. R ------58 Bednar, G. A______58 Buchanan, T. J__.__.__-_._- 157 CoUings, M. R___.___ - 126 A365 A366 INVESTIGATOR INDEX

See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968" Page Page Page Colton, G. W.-._...... _.__ 112 Dion, N. P______._____ 71 Finch, W. I ______23 Compton, R. R____.______33 Dodge, F. C______101,102 Finkelman, R. B______167 Conant, L. C_-_-______118 Doe, B. R______106,107 Fischer, H. B______126 Condon, W. H______41 Doell, R. R______90,91 Fisher, D. W_-______-__ 104 Connor, J. J___-______103 Doering, W. P---_------___ 110 Fisher, G. W____-___-___-_-__ 21 Conover, W. J______114 Dooley, J. R., Jr______109 Fishman, M. J______.__ 141 Cooley, M. E______120 Dorrzapf, A. F., Jr______140 Fiske, R. S-_--__.______100 Cooper, B. R______182 Douglass, R. C-_-----_-____- 39,119 Fleck, W. B______51 Cooper, J. R___.______169, 170 Downey, J. S_-______-___- 62 Flint, R. F______. 114 Cordani, U. G__--______178 Doyle, W. H., Jr_____.______115 Flippo, H. E., Jr______53 Cordes, E. H______123 Drake, A. A., Jr______20,47 Floyd, E. 0-_-__-___---_---_- 53 Cordell, L. E______10 Drewes, H. D______33 Forbes, R. B______40 Cordova, R. M______65 DuBois, R. L.______._ 166,167 Ford, A. B___-______-_____ 185, 186 Gory, R. L______83 Dudley, W. W., Jr______151 Foster, J. B______55 Cotner, N. J______119 Duffield, W. A______35 Fournier, R. 0 ______105 Cotter, R. D______57 Duke, M. B______-__ 167 Fox, K. F., Jr__.______36, 37,102 Cox, A. V______90 Dunrud, C. R_-_____-____ 149 Frank, F.J______._ 71 Cox, D. P_----.______3,47 Dutro, J. T., Jr___.______37 Freed, R. L______-_-_-_- 94 Grain, L. J______51 Dwornik, E. J-______97 Freeman, V. L______28 Crandell, D. R______35 Friedman, Irving______108, 111, 113 Creager, J. S______79 Friedman, J. D______169 Crenshaw, J. N______55 Eaton, G. P______--_-_- 124 Friedman, L. C. M______69 Cressman, E. R-_-----______178 Eaton, J. P______--_ 143 Frimpter, M. H______.__ 51, 157 Crippen, J. R.______121, 135, 148 Eddy, J. E_--_-___-.__------137 Grist, M. A______62 Edwards, R. L______74 Croft, M. G--_.______61 Ege, J. R___-_-___-______150 Gann, E. E ______59 Crosby, 0. A______173 Eggleton, R. E______163 Gardner, M. E______148 Crowder, D. F______37, 186 Ehrlich, G. G.____-______-___. 135 Garrison, L. E_-______.____-_ 76 Cummings, David______162, 165 Elliott, J. E____-_____-_--__-._ 1 Gaskill, D. L_--______. 30 Cummings, J. C___-_____._._ 146 Ellis, D. W______-____-_- 128 Gay, F. ______50 Cummings, T. R______54 Ellis, M. J____-______.____-_- 63 Gaydos, M. W______.______157 Cunningham, D. R______.____ 150 Elston, D. P___-______-._- 166 George, R. S______----- 69 Curtin, G. C______9 Emery, K. 0_--_------____ 74 Gibson, T. G______18,74 Cuttitta, Frank-..______141 Emery, P. A.__.______66,123 Giese, G. L______51 Czamanske, G. K______97 Emiliani, Cesare______119 Gill, H. E______124 Emmett, L. F______59 Gill, J. R------23 Emmett, W. W.__-----__---_- 121 Gillespie, J. B_____-__-_-_____ 67 D'Agostino, J. P______3 Engel, A. E. J______-_-__--_- 98 Giroux, P. R--______58 Dahlem, D. H______167 Engel, C. G______98 Giusti, E. V__------_ ----- 56 Dalrymple, G. B__36, 41, 90, 111, 182 Engels, J. C______36, 37 Glanzman, R. K______66 Daniel, J. F______131 Ericksen, G. E______122 Glenn, J. L-_ _ _ 153 Danilchik, Walter.______169 Espenshade, G. H______20 Godson, R. H______.__-. 166 Damn, C. R._-______.___ 132,136 Eugster, H. P______104 Godwin, L. H_.______30 Davidson, David______180 Euler, R. C______-_-_ 120 Goldberg, M. C______. 130,141 Davies, D. K______76 Evans, H. T., Jr______-----_-_ 97 Goll, R. M______-_____-__- 74 Davis, D. A______69 Evans, J. G______31 Good, Philip ______180 Davis, W. J.______113 Evans, John.______10 Goodwin, C. R-__-_------121,138 Dearborn, L. L______69 Evernden, J. F______36, 110, 178 Goolsby, D. A_____.-__-__---_ 158 de la Torre, A. C______67 Gorsline, D. S______76 Delevaux, M. H______106,107 Gott, G. B______-_--_ 6,9 Dempster, G. R., Jr______153 Fader, S. W__-__-_-_-______66 Gottfried, David___ 36, 99, 101,102 Dence, M. R______166 Fahey, J. J-__--_-___---___-_- 140 Grant, R. E______._-----___ 39 Dennis, L. S______145 Farnsworth, R. K-______-___ 106 Grantz, Arthur______. 98, 145 Denny, C. S.______19 Fassett, J. E-______30 Greene, G. W ______149, 170,171 Desborough, G. A______97,98 Faulkner, G. C______122 Greene, H. G______80 Detterman, R. L.______41 Faust, G. T______97 Greene, R. C______35 Dfaz, J. R______56 Feltis, R. D__-___-____------61 Greenland, L. P______98,102,139 Dibblee, T. W., Jr______33,147 Ferrians, 0. J., Jr______---_-_- 8 Gregg, D. 0______54 Dickinson, K. A______18 Feulner, A. J______69 Griffiths, M. L______-_-____--_ 71 Dickinson, W. R______145 Ficken, J. H______63,130 Griffitts, W. R______-.-_- 9,10 Diment, W. H______89,90 Field, S. J______123 Griggs, A. B____-______24, 35 Dinnin, J. I______139 Fields, F. K______.__-_--_ 115 Grim, Muriel_____.______..- 78,79 INVESTIGATOR INDEX A367

See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968"

Page Page Page Grimaldi, F. S______139 Henkle, C. R---_-_-----____._ 196 Janzer, V. J______111, 112,141 Grimes, D. J______10 Henson, John_-_--_--_-______23 Jawaid, Khalid. ______181 GHseom, Andrew______42 Herbert, Washington.______141 Jeffery, H. G______59 Grolier, M. J______162 Hershey, L. A______.___ 66 Jenkins, C. T______130 Grommg, C. S______91 Heyl, A.V______-_____----_.__ 3 Jenkins, E. D______.__ 66 Grossling, B. F______170 Heyward, H. L ______69, 124 Jenkins, L. B______107 Grove, D. B___.______151 Hickey, J. J______71, 121 Jennings, M. E____--_-____-_- 127 Grubb, H. F______59 Higer, A. ______156 Jobson, H. E______._--. 114 Guild, P. W_ __.______45 Higgins, G. T______167 Johnson, A. M______82 Gutentag, E. D______66 Hill, L. J_---.______196 Johnson, C. G__-__--_------148 Gutschick, R. C___.______24 Himmelberg, G. R______35, 96, 105 Johnson, F. ,A_____--____.____- 54 Guy, H. P.______115 Hindall, S. M______131 Johnson, Gordon____---______40 Hinds, J. S______30 Johnson, R. F_____-_-_----__- 22 Hinkle, M. E_----______-____- 10 Johnston, H. E______. 20 Hadley, J. B.._.______21,47 Hirashima, G. T______68 Jolly, J. L______-______3 Hadley, R. F______120 Hoare, J. M_____.______40, 41 Jones, B. F_-______----.____- 104 Haffty, Joseph______104,140 Hobba, W. A., Jr______51 Jones, D. L______.__ 34 Haley, B. R______22 Hobbs, S. W______._____ 25 Jones, J. R-______181 Hamilton, L. J______57 Hodges, A. L., Jr______51 Jones, P. H______-_-----_---_- 124 Hamilton, W. B____ 169,186,187,1349 Holden, Ken______40 Hampton, M. A______82 Hollyday, E. F______53 Hanan, R. V_-____--______56 Holmes, G.W--_-_-__--__-__- 17 Kane, M. F______--_-_-_._ 17, 166 Hanna, W. F______24 Holmes, M. L______-_--__-_--_ 79 Kapinos, F. P______t 156 Hansen, H. J______122 Holt, H. E______-_---____-_-_ 161 Kaufman, M. I______-___- 54 Hansen, R. E______57 Hood, D. R______79 Kaye, C. A______18 Hansen, W. R______28 Hood, J. B., Jr___.______51 Keech, C. F______63 Hanson, R. L_--______---____ 128 , Hood, J. W______._ 64, 181 Keefer, W. R__.______-__-_. 8, ?4, 26 Harbour, Jerry______162 Hope, R. A_____ --_._____-_ 145,147 Keith, J. R_------__------136 Harder, A. H______-_--_._____ 61 Hopkins, D. M______79 Kelly, T. E_------___------62 Hardison, C. H____-__--______128 Hopkins, H. T_-_--_--_---_-_- 59 Kenfield, R. E_____-___-_--__- 198 Hardt, W. F.______123 Hopson, C. A__-______-______- 37 Kennedy, V. C__._.______- 8f. 114 Harms, T. F______10 Hosman, R. L______60 Kent, B. H_____--___-__-_--_- 19 Harrill, J. R______72 Hostetler, P. B______92 Ketner, K. B___----_---_-_-_- 31 Harris, D. D______70,133 Hotchkiss, W. R__.______71 Keys, W. S______-_-_-_ 137 Harris, E. E_-_------_-.-____ 72 Hotz, P. E______-.- 34, 36 Khan, Lufti Ali____._____--__- 181 Harris, L. D______19 Howard, KA______31,165 Khan, Maroof______181 Harry, J. L__-_--__---_--_____ 196 Hubbell, D. W______. 153 Kilburn, Chabot...______61 Hartwell, J. H______84 Hubert, A. E__----.___----- 9 Kimmel, G. E______52 Harvey, E. J______._. 59,123,149 Huddle, J. W______._ 117 King, P. B______45 Harwood, D. S_____.__.___ 17 Huebner, J. S_.______92 King, R. U______30 Hastings, J. R______135 Huffman, Claude, Jr.______140 Kister, L. R______-__-______- 67 Hatch, N. L., Jr______16 Hughes, G. H______134 Kistler, R. W______.__ 31,36, 11C, 111 Hathaway, J. C______74,82 Hull, J. E______-__.____- 84 Klausing, R. L ------62, 158 Haushild, W. L______.___ 153 Hummel, C. L______3 Klein, Howard..______83 Hawley, C. C______3 Humphreys, C. P., Jr. ______131 Kleinhampl, F. J______31 Hayes, P. T______33 Hunter, R. E______81 Kleinkopf, M. D______._____- 6, 25 Haynes, G. L., Jr_-_-__-_- 128,138 Hutchinson, R. D______57 Klemic, Harry..______15 Hays, W. H______25 Huxel, C. J., Jr______68, 69, 72, 413 Knox, D. C__---_-__-_-- 5 Hazel, J. E______-______18,74 Koberg, G. E______133,135 Hazell, R. G______94 I Koch, N. C______-_--_ 63 Healey, D. L______151 Imlay, R. W______-__----_._ 34 Koester, H. E______130 Hearn, B. C., Jr______99 Ireland, R. L_--___------____ 160 Kohout, F. A______-__- 72, 84 Hedge, C. E______.______28,106 Irwin, W. P______._____ 34,36 Kolipinski, M. C_____-_---_- 156 Hedman, E. R______133 Isaac, G. W___.______.______85 Koteflf, Carl.______18 Heller, S. J______._ 129 lyer, H. M______.__ 144 Kover, A. N______170 Helley, E. J_._-_-______114,128,137 Koyanagi, R. Y______100 Helz, A. W____ _.______139 Krause, D. C.______98 Hem, J. D______105 Jackson, E. D______-__.___ 98 Hemley, J. J______94 Jacobson, H. S______183 Krushensky, R. D______179 Hemphill, W. R_._--____ 169, 170, 171 Jaffe, H. W______.______95 Kulm, L. D______--- 77 Henderson, R. G______10 James, H. L______46, 95 Kume, Jack.______62 Hendricks, E. L______.____ 36, 136 Janda, R. J______78,121 Kupfer, D. H______-.---_ 184 A368 INVESTIGATOR INDEX See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968" Page Page Page L McKee, E. D______112 Moore, J. G__...... 98,102 Lachenbruch, A. H______89 McKee, E. H______30, 32 Moore, Roosevelt.____-_---___ 107 Laird, L. B______70 McKeown, F. A______150 Moreland, J. A______71 Lakin, H. W______9,10 MacKevett, E. M., Jr______41 Morgan, J. P______75 Lamar, W. L______129 McLane, J. E______138 Morris, D.A______---_--_ 172 LaMarche, V. C., Jr______105,128 Maclay, R. W___-_-_---___- 122, 131 Morris, E. C__-_-_----_------161 Laney, R. L______129 McLean, K. S___-_------_--_- 198 Morrison, C. E______._____-. 198 Lanphere, M. A______36, 41, 42 MacLeod, N. S______36, 78 Morrison, R. B__ 169 Lansford, M. W______68 McManus, D. A______79 Moshinsky, E. W______136 Lara, O. G____-__-_--___-_. 58 McMaster, W. M__-____.___ 60 Mower, R. W______._-_._ 65 Larrabee, D. M______21 McQueen, I. S______132, 136 Moxham, R. M.___-___- 149,170,171 Lathram, E. H______79 McQuivey, R. S______126 Mrose, M.E.- __------_ 97 Laurence, R. A______19 Maddock, Thomas, Jr______113 Mudge, M. R _------_ 25 Lavery, F. G______198 Madsen, B. M______113 Muehlberger, W. R______45 Learned, R. E______9 Malavassi, E__--_-----.__-_ 179 Muessig, Siegfried. __ _--____ 27 Lee, F. T______149 Malcolm, R. L___. ___ _ _ 85 Muffler, L. J. ?._. _ .. 90,105 Lee, W. H. K_----_-______89 Mamay, S. H__---__-_-_-___ 117, 118 Mull, D. S-----_---_------60 LeGrand, H. E-.______60 Manger, G. E______92 Mullen, Roy. -_---..-_-- 203 Leifeste, D. K______68 Manheim, F. T_ ___.-____. 74, 75, 549 Mullens, T. E____ --___-_._ 5 Leo, G. W______183 Mann, J. A______54, 84 Mulhneaux, D. R__-_--___-_- 36,136 Leonard, B. F______6,27 Mapel, W. J______-____--_. 24 Mundorff, J. C_____---_-__._-_ 65 Leopold, E. B______23, 119 Margolin, P. R______112 Munroe, R. J _ 89 LeRoux, E. F______63 Marinenko, J. W______138 Murata, K. J______113 Lescinsky, J. B______53 Marranzino, A. P______10,140 Murphy, J. R -__------. 166 Lesure, F. G______3, 7 Marshall, B. V._._....___. . 89 Musser, J. J._-______------_ 157 Leve, G. W______54 Marshall, W. F______196 Mutch, T. A. ..------.--- 162 Lewis, G. E_-_-____--______119 Marvin, R. F_---_----_-_----_ 27 Mutschler, F. E______.___ 30 Lewis, R. E______159 Masursky, Harold.____.-. 163, 166 Myer, D. A______70 Lewis, R. W., Jr______178 Matalas, N. C_____-----_----_ 127 Myers, A. T----_-_---_------140 Lichty, R. W______127 Matson, M. A., Jr______40 Myers, W. B__-___---_------21 Mattson, P. H______42 Limerinos, J. T______126 N Lindholm, G. F______56 Mayo, L. R.______116 Lindsay, J. R______97 Mazzaferro, D. L______52 Naeser, C. W -- 101 Lindsey, D. A_-______23 Meade, R. H______.______83 Nakagawa, H. M______------_ 10 Lindsley, N. C______186 Meckel, J. P__--_-_--_-_------155 Nauman, J. W__. ______83 Lloyd, O. B., Jr______53 Meier, M. F-----_--_------115 Nelson, A. E....._ ...... 21, 42 Lobmeyer, D. H______66 Meister, Robert______91 Nelson, C.H______--_-_---_- 80 Lockwood, W. N______138 Mello, J. F.______74,118 Nelson, L. M__--__---_------113 Lofgren, B. E_-___.______158, 159 Melvin, R. L__.______52 Nelson, W. H_._____-___--.__ 26,185 Loney, R. A______35, 147 Merriam, C. W______32 Nemickas, Bronius.____---__-- 51 Love, A. H______75 Meyer, Charles.______94 Nichols, T. C., Jr____------149 Love, J. D______10, 23, 25, 26, 27 Meyer, F. W_--_-_____-___ 84 Nichols, W. D______.-- 51 Levering, T. G______9 Meyer, W. R______._ 51 Nixon, R. C---_--_--_------198 Low, D. L______119 Miesch, A. T_____.______--_ 103 Nkomo, I. T -__ 106 Lowry, M. E______62 Millard, H. T., Jr.______101, 138, 167 Nolan, T. B_--_-----___------14, 31 Ludwig, A. H______132 Miller, E. G----__----_------50,52 Nordin, C. F., Jr__---_-_------114 Luttrell, G. W______170 Miller, F. K__-_--_------_---_ 35, 37 Norman, V. W_____-___------115 Lutz, G. A______153 Miller, J. B.______--_-__---_ 57 Norris, S. E------131 Luzier, J. E__--______70 MiUer, R. E_------_------159 Norton, S. A._._..___._._____ 16,17 Miller, R. F__------.--_- 132, 136 Norvitch, R. F______123 M MiUer, R. L__------_----_- 47 Nyman, D. J.____-___-___ 58 Mabey, D. R______9, 32 Miller, T. P______.___ 8,39 McCaUum, M. E____--_-._____ 25 Milliman, J. D______-_. 73 McCarthy, J. H., Jr_.---._____ 6, 9 Mills, W. B______.______-__ 148 Oakes, E. L-_.___-______123 McCauley, J. F______. 163, 164 Milton, D. J______---_.----_ 165 Obradovich, J. D______26, 27, 30 McConaghy, J. A______69 Mitchell, W. D__.______---_ 128 O'Bryan, Deric.______120 McCoy, H. J______83 Moench, R. H__-__--_--_----_ 4 Offield, T. W__.------162,165 McCreevy, L. J______64 Monroe, W. H__.______42 Ogilbee, William. __------__ 183 Maclay, R. W_.______131 Moore, G. K______60 Oliver, H. W_ _.______5,34 McGavock, E. H______67 Moore, G. W______39,77 Oliver, W. A., Jr__-_-_---__- 117,120 McGrew, L. W______25 Moore, H. J______--_. 164 Omang, R. J______156 Mack, F. K___.______53 Moore, J. E______66 O'Neil, J. R_ _ ___-_-_._-__- 108 INVESTIGATOR INDEX

See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968* Page Page Page O'Sullivan, R. B. ____.___ 28 Rankin, D. W______17,20,21 Ruppel, E. T______--___---__- 26 Ott, A. N___.______157 Rantz, S. E______134 Ryder, P. D_----_----__------59 Ovenshine, A. T______39,113 Rasmussen, L. A______115 Rye, R. O__.-_____---_ 104, 108, 109 Owens, J.P______18,118 Raspet, Rudolph ___-_.____ 91 S Rathbun, R. E______._____ 114, 115 Rau, J. L______.__ 58 Sachs, K. N., Jr____------119 Page, N. J______35 Raymond, W. H______.__ 7 Sainsbury, C. L_____--_-_----_ 3,79 Pakiser, L. C. ______144 Reed, B. L______41 Sammel, E. A______137 Palacas, J. H______75 Reed, D. E______196 Sandberg, C. A______.-__- 24 Pampeyan, E. H______145 Reed, J. C., Jr.______3, 21, 22, 46 Sandhaus, E. H-_-__------155 Papike, J. J____.______94, 95, 96, 97 Reed, J. C., Sr______-_.__ 3, 22 Sando, W. J__-__--_------24 Parker, N. A___.______181 Reed, J. E______131 Santos, J. F___-__-__-_-_-_-_- 157 Pascale, C. A______...___ 55 Reeder, H. O____-_-____-_-_._ 56 Sarigianus, Perry.______10 Patton, W. W., Jr______39,40 Reeves, R. G______170 Sass, J. H_._____- - 89 Paulson, R. W___. _____ 172 Regan, R. D___ .______-._ 166 Sato, Motoaki_____-_--_--_-__ 92 Payne, J. N______122 Reichen, L. E______140 Saunders, R. S_.______162 Peacor, D. R______.._____ 94 Reiser, H. N______3,41 Sayre, W. W______._-___. 114 Pearl, R. H______...._ 66 Reitman, J. D_____.____-____. 34 Schafer, J. P ______17 Pearson, R. C______27 Repenning, C. A______119 Schilling, J. G------98 Pease, M. H., Jr..______16 Rettig, S. L______104 Schiner, G. R______52 Peck, J. H______22 Reynolds, M. W______.___ 23 Schlee, J. S______--- __ 73 Peirce, L. B______.._____ 155 Rhodehamel, E. C______134 Schlick, Donald__-_---_-_---_- 184 Peper, J. D______16 Ribbe, P. H______--______-._ 96 Schmidt, D. L______18f,186 Peselnick, Louis______91 Richards, D. B______66 Schmitt, L. J., Jr___------7 Pessl, Fred, Jr__------__-_.__ 17 Richardson, D. R______116 Schnabel, R. W___-___-___ _ 17 Peterman, Z. E______28 Richardson, E. V______115, 126 Schneider, Robert.-__-_____-_- 124 Peterson, D. H______84 Richmond, G. M______27 Schnepfe, M. M_-.--_-----____ 139 Peterson, D. W______.._____ 5 Richter, D. H______2 Schoen, Robert______105 Peterson, W. L______22 Richter, D. M______--______. 40 Scholl, D. W____ - _- - 79 Petrov, O. M______79 Riggs, H. C______-__--___._ 127, 128 Schopf, J. M_____----_--_----- 185 Petti John, R. A ______58 Riley, L. B-______-______. 140 Schroeder, J. H_--_-_-_-_-_-_- 97 Phair, George______107 Rinehart, C. D______36, 37, 102 Schwartz, B. L-____- ______196 Philbin, P. W______10 Ripple, C. D.______130 Schwob, H. BL______154 Philip, J. R______127 Ritter, J. R______85, 137 Scott, C. H.______-___ 115 Phoenix, D A______..___._ 183 Roberson, C. E______105 Scott, D.H_ ------164 Pickering, R. J______157 Roberts, R. J______.______30 Scott, G. R______--_ __ 2.,119 Pierce, A. P______107 Roberts, R. S______66 Scott, J. H.______150 Pierce, K. L______27 Robertson, E. C__-_---_---__- 91 Scott, M. G__------71 Pilkey, O. H_.______74 Robertson, J. B______-___-.___ 153 Scully, D. R---_------116 Pilkington, H. D______40 Robinson, G. D______25 Seaber, P. R______50 Pinckney, D. J______129, 130 Robinson, J. H______71 Sedam, A. C-_-_ __--_-_- 58 Pittman, E. D______113 Robinson, Russ______35 Seegar, L. P--__----_------_- 123 Pluhowski, E. J_____. _ _ _ 148, 173 Robinson, T. W______134 Seeland, D. A___---__---_----- 18 Pohn, H. A______162 Roddy, D. J___--______- 164,165 Segerstrom, Kenneth ______29 Pojeta, John, Jr____-_-__._____ 117 Roedder, Edwin.__-____--__ 93,97 Seiders, V. M______- 21 Poland, J. F______._.- 122, 159 Roen, J. B______-_--_---_ 102 Seitz, J. P______178 Pollock, S. J_---___-____._____ 157 Rogers, J. E______.__-____ 157 Sentfle, F. E____-_-----__---- 10,167 Pomerene, J. L______178 Rogers, S. M______.______- 61 Shacklette, H. T_____--______- 9 Post, Austin______.___-_ 115 Rohrer, W. L_-_---__-_---_-_- 27 Shaffer, F. B____-_-_-__-_ _ 154 Poth, C. W______52 Roller, J. C______-_-_-_------143 Shands, A. A____-_-_------198 Pratt, R. M______73, 74 Rose, H. J., Jr__-____--__-_-_- 141 Shannon, R. C__--_------_- 94 Prewitt, C. T______94 Rosenblum, Sam__-___.______182 Sharp, R.V_--______- 35 Price, Donald___--__-__-______64 Rosholt, J. N______.__- 109, 110 Sharp, W. N_-___---.-_----_-- 8 Prill, R. C______._____._____ 132 Ross, 9. A______.__ 74 Sharps, J. A__-_-___-_--_---_- 29 Prodehl, Claus______144 Ross, D. C______-_-_-_-_-__ 145 Shattles, D. E__-_--_---_----- 156 Prostka, H. J______26 Ross, Malcolm______94, 95 Shaw, H. R _.__-.____--_--- 91 Pytte, Randi----_----_-_-_-__ 116 Ross, R. J., Jr____-___-__.____ 117 Shaw, K. W______- --- 95 Rossman, D. L______181 Shawe, D. R_ ------30 Rowan, L. C____-__---_-_--_- 162 Sheppard, R. A__.______104 Radbruch, D. H-______146,147 Rowe, J. J______101, 139 Sherman, Max___-_-_------__- 106 Radtke, A. S_____._____._____ 2 Rubin, Jacob______130 Sheridan, M. P______99 Raleigh, C. B______91 Ruggles, F. H., Jr______83 Shields, R. R__.------157 A370 INVESTIGATOR INDEX

See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968" Page Page Page Shoemaker, E. M_____ 161,164,166 Swenson, F. A______8,138 Vedder, J. G...____-_----__- 145,147 Sigafoos, R. S______36,136 Swift, C.H.,III______-_- 70 Veogtle, H. J______55 Sigurgeirsson, Thorbjorn.______169 Szabo, B. J______---____-_ 109,110 Vickers, A. A-______136 Silberling, N. J______39 Voegeli, P. T______183 Silvers, E. L______77 von Huene, R. E______79 Silvey, W. D______84 Tabor, R. W______--___ 37 Simmons, R. H______155 Tagg, A. R______80 W Simon, F. O______138,139,140 Tailleur, I. L___.______- 39 Waananen, A. O______133 Sims, J. D____...______23 Takasaki, K. J______68 Waddell, K. M___.______64 Siple, G. E_-___-____-.______54,172 Tangborn, W. V____.._..____ 116 Walderich, R. L______198 Skelton, John..--_-.____ 123, 149,155 Tanner, A. B____.____--_-__ 10 Waldrop, H. A______27 Skinner, B. J______93 Tarver, G. R______50 Walker, G. W_.._ ...... 35 Skinner, D. L______140 Tate, C. H______.______131 Wallace, R. E______145 Skinner, John______137 Tatsumoto, Mitsunobu______107 Wallace, R. H______124 Skipp, B. A___.______25 Taylor, O. J_____-___---__-._- 66 Walters, K. L_-__-______------70 Slack, K. V______135,137 Taylor, P. T______-_---_- 145 Wanek, A. A.______39 Slierwood, C. B__.______83 Taylor, R. B______30 Wang, F. H___-_----_-_ --__ 80 Smedes, H. W______26,27 Taylor, T. E___..__....._.__ 196 Ward, F. N.______. 9,10 Smith, G. I-__-___.______180 Taylor, T. M______.__.______141 Watson, Kenneth ______166,171 Smith, P. B______118,119 Teasdale, W. E____.___-..__-- 154 Watson, R. D-___--__--_---_- 171 Smith, R. L______99 Theis, C. V______-_-_ 125 Watt, A. D______117 Smith, R. P______157 Theobald, P. K______6 Webb, W. E 53 Smith, W. E______198 Thomas, C. A______72 Webster, G. D______39 Smith, W. O____-______123 Thomas, W. O_-______-____-- 53 Wedow, Helmuth, Jr______19 Smoot, G. F______136,137 Thompson, C. E____--_.___-_- 139 Weiblen, P. W______94, 100 Snavely, P. D., Jr______36,78 Thompson, George.______35 Weir, G. W _._ ._ 22 Snyder, George.______28 Thomson, F. H----_--_------131 Weir, K. L______5 Sohl, N. F __._.______118,120 Thorpe, A. N______-_--_- 167 Weiss, L. A___.._.. 83 Sohn, I. G____-______._____ 117 Tidball, R. R______.____...___ 103 Weitzner, M. J______55 Southern, M. E______196 Tilley, L. J____-__-_-__-_---_- 85 Welch, E. B______---.____- 85 Southwick, D. L_____-__-___ 21 Tilling, R. I______101,102 Welder, F. A____---_-__-____- 66 Speed, R. C______31 Titley, S. R_____------_--_- 162 Wells, J. D______-__------1 Srivastava, S. P_.___.___ 182 Tobisch, O. T__.______.______42 Wentworth, C. M______112, 146 Staatz, M. H______37 Todd, M. R____-______._-__- 119 Werrell, W. L______67 Stacey, J. S______106 Toler, L. G--___--____------50 Wershaw, R. L______108,129 Stallman, R. W_--____-_.___ 123,137 Tourtelot, H. A______-__._ 113 Wesselman, J. B______68 Standifer, J. N______196 Tracy, H. J..______126 West, M. N...... 162 Stanin, S. A______180,182 Tracey, J. I., Jr__-____..._-_-_- 80 West, R. E------63 Staples, L. W _ __ 97 Trapp, Henry, Jr...______23, 61 White, D. E 90, 104, 105 Steele, T. D______129 Trask, N. J______._ 162,164 White, R. W_-_- 182 Stern, T. W______31 Trechmann, C. T_____.______120 White, W. S 46 Stevens, H. H., Jr______153 Truesdell, A. H______103, 108,713 Whitesides, D. V_. .. 59 Stewart, D. B______94,96 Trumbull, J. V. A______73, 74, 82 Whitman, H. M______61 Stewart, G. L______106 Tschudy, B. D---_-_------119 Whitmore, F. C., Jr______23 Stewart, J. H______30,113 Tschudy, R. H-______-_.__ 23,29 Wiginton, B. J____-__-_-_---_- 129 Stewart, J. W____._____ 56 Turner, R. M______135,170,171 Wilhelms, D. E._...... 162 Stewart, S. W_ ._--___._____ 144 Twenter, F. R_____.______58 Willden, Ronald______--__- 31 Stoertz, G. E_....______122 Williams, J. R.__._...... _- 51 Stoner, J. D______157 U Williams, K. F:. 114 Strobell, M. E______158 Uchupi, Elazar. 73 Williams, O. O 50,157 Stromquist, A. A______7 Williams, P. L 186 Stuart-Alexander, D.E______164 Williams, R. S., Jr..... 169 Subitzky, Seymour.______172 Van Alstine, R. E__._----- 29 Wilshire, H. G... 162,165 Sumsion, C. T_____.____._____ 64 van Hylckama, T. E. A___.__ 133,134 Wilson, E. D__- 46 Sutcliffe, Horace, Jr______55 VanSickle, G. H______10 Wilson, W. E_ 52 Sutton, A. L., Jr______140 Van Voast, W. A______56 Winstead, D. J_.____._....-.- 198 Sutula, C. L_--____.______129 Varnes, D. J___.______.__ 149 Winter, T. C..._ 23,131 Swanson, D. A______34 Vaughn, W. W______9 Wires, H. O.__ 137 Swanson, V. E__-----_---_____ 75 Veatch, F. M______.__ 116 Witkind, I. J...... 24 Swarzenski, W. V______181 Vecchioli, John______51, 52, 125 Wolf, R. J------131 INVESTIGATOR INDEX A371

See also "Publications in Fiscal Year 1968" Page Page Page Wolfe, E. W-_------_. 34,145,170 Y Yotsukura, Nobuhiro__------126 Wolfe, J. A.._-._-_-_.-___ 27 Yacoub, N. K______150 Young, E.J------_-. 29 Wood, C. R____.---__-...__ 53 Yamanaga, George___------_-_ 68 Young, H.L..__. -----. 131 Wood, G. H., Jr__._.__..... 20 Yang, Tsung____.______114 Wood, W. W__.__._ -_._ 57,58 Yates, R. G______36,37 Wright, F. F____.___._._... 79 Yee, J. J. S ______70 Zen, E-an_.__-_..___.-. 20, 93 Wright, T. L______98,100 Yeend, W. E______5 Zietz, Isidore___-_____-___-___ 145 Wrucke, C. T__.______2 Yerkes, R. R______33 Ziony, J. I-____-__---_------31 Wyerman, T. A______106 Yorke, T. H-_.______113 Zubovic, Peter______-_-___-_-_ 94

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1968 O 318-835