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Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board Meeting Held on 27/08/2019

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Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board Meeting Held on 27/08/2019 Local Development Initiative – Urban Ngahere Programme Year 1 Knowing Phase Urban Ngahere Analysis report for the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Overview The Maungakiekie-Tāmaki local board have provided Opex funding in the Financial year 18-19 to Councils Urban Forest Advisor to undertake a detailed analysis of the Ngahere (Forest) in their local area. This report outlines the distribution, ownership, and protection status of urban tree cover within the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board (Auckland Council) area. The intent of the report is to provide an evidence-based approach to ensure decision-makers are well-informed on the scale, health and diversity of the urban trees in their local board area. This information will enable the development of a sound and structured approach to urban forest management for future decision makers. Principally, the report will be utilised by Council’s Urban Forest Advisor for the Parks, Sports & Recreation Team, who is leading the Ngahere programme for the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board, to provide background information and some direction and context for an urban forest strategy. Auckland’s urban forest is remarkable and special, and likely to be the largest and most varied collection of amenity trees on public and private land in the country. However, rapid population growth and recent legislative change to the Resource Management Act is leading to significant changes in the urban landscape, which is reflected in the scale, maturity, and size of the urban forest. One of the most critical issues relating to urban forest in Auckland, and the most important unknown, is the rate of change in the urban forest canopy extent, including the numbers and sizes of trees being removed per annum. Prior to the analysis presented in this report, the Council had no reliable information on the extent, ownership, and protection status of Auckland’s urban forest assets. The data presented in this report includes a snap-shot of urban forest cover from 2013, sourced through a measure of canopy distribution and height within the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board area. The data presented in this report is based on an analysis of 2013 LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data captured jointly by NZ Aerial Mapping and Aerial Surveys Limited for Auckland Council. Auckland Council has undertaken a second aerial LiDAR survey of a similar nature, completed in 2017, which is currently being analysed to determine possible changes in urban forest cover and associated attributes. The final results of the most recent survey will be presented to the Environment Committee in September 2019. As a result, it is expected that a more detailed change detection analysis can then be provided to the local board to show where the areas of tree canopy have changed both positively and negatively. This detail will help to inform the next stage of the Ngahere program which involves planting more trees to help grow the canopy in the local board area. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ‘Urban Ngahere’, or ‘urban forest’, comprises all the trees within a city – including parks, coastal cliffs, stream corridors, private gardens, and street trees – both native and naturalised (i.e. exotic). For the purposes of this report, urban forest is defined as all of the trees and other vegetation three metres or taller in stature, and the soil and water systems that support these trees. A healthy urban forest provides a multitude of benefits for ecosystems, the economy, and community health and well-being. Based on the 2013 dataset, urban forest covers approximately 11.2% of the local board area, including 9.5% of roads, 21.6% of public parks, and 9.2% of private land. Total coverage is low when compared to other urban local boards within the Auckland metropolitan area. Approximately 41% of the urban forest cover has some form of statutory protection. There are approximately 780 records of Notable Trees on the Unitary Plan Scheduled within the local board area. The Auckland Urban Forest Strategy aims to encourage tree plantings across the region to achieve an average cover of 30%, with no individual local board having less than 15% cover. A goal that achieves an even coverage of urban tree cover across the whole board area is recommended to give the community increased opportunity to interact with the Ngahere in their local area. As one of the aims of the local board is to help support local community, annual tree planting and restoration projects, along with looking at incentives to retain existing trees, could be concentrated in areas where known gaps exist. There are some obvious gaps in tree cover throughout the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki Local Board area, mainly in industrial and commercial zones, which overall have only 5.5% urban forest cover compared to the 14.8% cover found in residential areas. This presents multiple opportunities to plant more specimen park and street trees. Public land is identified as a good place to focus additional urban forest planting as this offers the best opportunities for long-term sustainable management due to the lower chance of conflict with future housing intensification, less infrastructure conflicts (which is often an important negative associated with street tree plantings), more considered selection of appropriate species and location for plantings, better arboricultural management, and a coherent policy for ongoing planting of replacement trees. The benefits of taking a strategic Local Board-wide approach to increasing urban forest cover include more considered selection of appropriate species and location for plantings, better arboricultural management, and a coherent policy for ongoing planting of replacement trees. Public parks are also better able to accommodate the types of large trees which provide a disproportionate amount of many of urban forest benefits. The wider accessibility of trees on public parkland also means that the benefits they provide (e.g. better shade and increased emotional well-being for park users) apply to a larger number of people, which is a major positive in terms of overall cost-benefit outcomes. With the targeted study on tree cover within parks and around playgrounds, it is possible to obtain a clear view on where to plant more trees that will in time benefit the local community and users of open spaces. i The data presented in this report gives a starting point to compare changes to urban forest over time, which can be tracked an analysed to direct trees planting efforts within the Maungakiekie-Tāmaki area. A study of the changes and trends that are occurring will be possible when the latest data is released. Additional analysis of further LiDAR data will be used to forecast the possible future changes in urban forest cover and height as a result of increased population growth and intensification. Other future areas for funding, research, and action on improving urban tree cover should look to focus on concentrating efforts in parts of the local board with greater population densities and higher numbers of children. Moving forward this will ensure these groups have better access to urban trees and nature, and will adopt the approach to deliver a ngahere for a flourishing future. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.2 What is Urban Ngahere (Forest)? ........................................................................................... 2 2.3 Why do we want Urban Ngahere? .......................................................................................... 4 2.4 What is the Rationale Behind Studying Urban Ngahere? ....................................................... 4 3.0 RESEARCH THEMES ..................................................................................................................... 6 4.0 MAUNGAKIEKIE-TĀMAKI LOCAL BOARD INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT .................................. 8 5.0 METHODS .................................................................................................................................. 11 5.1 Methodology Overview ........................................................................................................ 11 5.2 Urban Forest Structure ......................................................................................................... 12 5.3 Urban Forest Tenure ............................................................................................................. 12 5.4 Urban Forest Protection Status ............................................................................................ 13 5.5 Urban Forest in Relation to Socio-Economic Factors ............................................................ 16 5.6 Change in Urban Forest Cover 2013 – 2016 ......................................................................... 18 6.0 RESULTS..................................................................................................................................... 19 6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 19 6.2 Urban Forest Structure ........................................................................................................
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