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The Role of Private Sector in City Region Food Systems Analysis Report The role of private sector in city region food systems Analysis report Marielle Dubbeling, Joy Carey, Katrin Hochberg RUAF Foundation December 2016 Imprint Published by: RUAF Foundation – Global Partnership on Sustainable Urban Agriculture and Food Systems On behalf of the Food & Business Knowledge Platform (F&BKP), initiated by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. With support from the CGIAR Water, Land and Ecosystems Research Program (WLE / IWMI) In collaboration with: Joy Carey Sustainable Food Systems Planning VECO Andino LEI-Wageningen University & Research Centre Paul de Graaf, Ontwerp & Onderzoek Lead authors: Marielle Dubbeling (RUAF Foundation), Joy Carey and Katrin Hochberg (Joy Carey Sustainable Food Systems Planning) RUAF Foundation PO Box 357, 3830 AK, Leusden, The Netherlands E [email protected]; I www.ruaf.org Joy Carey Sustainable Food Systems Planning, Bristol, UK E [email protected]; I www.joycarey.co.uk Authors case studies: Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dr. Jan Willem van der Schans (Wageningen University & Research Centre); E [email protected] Paul de Graaf (Paul de Graaf Ontwerp & Onderzoek); E [email protected] Bristol, UK Joy Carey; E [email protected] Katrin Hochberg; E [email protected] Quito, Ecuador Iñigo Arrazola, Nataly Pinto Alvaro, Johanna Renckens,Héctor Ballesteros & Patric Hollenstein; E [email protected] Design and layout: Desiree Dirkzwager Language editing: Katrin Hochberg The role of private sector in city region food systems Content Summary ............................................................................................................................. 7 A call for sustainable and resilient city region food systems ........................................... 7 Role of private sector in sustainable and resilient CRFS ................................................ 8 Examples from three city region case studies ................................................................ 9 Rotterdam city region food system, The Netherlands ............................................ 9 Quito city region food system, Ecuador ................................................................. 9 Bristol city region, United Kingdom ...................................................................... 10 Other private sector players and innovations ............................................................... 11 Promising examples of policy support mechanisms ..................................................... 12 Lessons learned and recommendations ...................................................................... 12 Drivers for private sector engagement ................................................................. 12 Business characteristics supporting city region food system engagement ........... 13 Advocating a cooperative and food supply chain approach ................................. 14 Network facilitation and business support ........................................................... 14 Business behaviour ............................................................................................. 15 Limits of the current CRFS debate and need for further research ........................ 15 1. Purpose and methodology ........................................................................................ 16 1.1 Purpose and limits of the study ........................................................................... 16 1.2 Concepts used .................................................................................................... 18 City region ........................................................................................................... 18 City region food system ....................................................................................... 19 Sustainable and resilient (city region) food systems ............................................ 20 Private sector engagement in different food systems .......................................... 22 1.3 Methodology and report outline ........................................................................... 24 City region case studies ...................................................................................... 24 Business/private sector cases ............................................................................. 25 Government and policy cases ............................................................................. 25 Literature review and Internet research ............................................................... 26 Analysis of cases and literature ........................................................................... 26 2. City region food systems: concept and importance ............................................... 28 2.1 Different urban food (supply) systems ................................................................. 28 Food system 1.0 ................................................................................................. 28 Food system 2.0 ................................................................................................. 29 Food system 3.0 ................................................................................................. 30 2.2 Benefits of food systems 3.0/ CRFS .................................................................... 30 Food production .................................................................................................. 31 3 The role of private sector in sustainable and resilient city region food systems Economic benefits ............................................................................................... 32 Environmental and social benefits ....................................................................... 33 2.3 Concept and vision for a sustainable and resilient CRFS .................................... 33 2.4 Implications of a sustainable and resilient CRFS for private sector businesses behaviour ......................................................................................... 36 3. City region case studies on the food system in three city regions and the role of the private sector in shaping those .............................................................. 38 3.1 The CRFS in the Bristol city region and the role of public procurement ............... 40 The Bristol city region food system and local food supply .................................... 40 North Bristol NHS Trust, the Catering Mark and local supply .............................. 41 Bristol City Council/Eden Food Services, the Catering Mark and local supply ..... 43 CRFS suppliers – types of businesses and common characteristics ................... 44 Supporting the increased sourcing of food from the city region ........................... 45 What is required to maintain and increase city region food supply ...................... 45 Impacts of supporting CRFS suppliers ................................................................ 46 Recommendations to local authorities ................................................................. 47 3.2 The CRFS in the Quito Metropolitan District and the role of the processing and retail sector .................................................................................................. 47 The meat sector .................................................................................................. 48 The bread and grain-based sector ...................................................................... 48 The dairy sector .................................................................................................. 48 The retail sector .................................................................................................. 48 Social ex- or inclusion? ....................................................................................... 50 SMEs and short supply chains ............................................................................ 50 3.3 Food and non-food private sector engagement in the CRFS Rotterdam, with a focus on the role of social housing corporations ............................................... 52 Short supply chain initiatives ............................................................................... 52 Non-traditional food players ................................................................................ 53 Future roles of the private sector ......................................................................... 55 4. Case studies on private sector initiatives that support sustainable and resilient CRFS ............................................................................................................ 57 4.1 Innovation in the mainstream food system .......................................................... 57 4.2 Technological innovation in city region food production ....................................... 60 4.3 Innovation in finance ........................................................................................... 63 4.4 Public private partnerships .................................................................................. 66 5. Drivers for private sector involvement in sustainable and resilient CRFS ............ 70 5.1 Responses from the private sector to consumer demand .................................... 70 5.2 Innovation in direct producer-consumer trade ..................................................... 72 5.3 Addressing social inclusion ................................................................................. 75
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