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Smoking Prevalence in the South Canterbury DHB Region

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Smoking Prevalence in the South Canterbury DHB Region Smoking prevalence in the South Canterbury District Health Board region Data trends 1999-2013 Prepared by the Information Team Community & Public Health May 2015 The information contained in this document may be derived from a number of sources. Although the CDHB has taken reasonable steps to ensure that the information is accurate, it accepts no liability or responsibility for any acts or omissions, done or omitted in reliance in whole or in part, on the information. Further, the contents of the document should be considered in relation to the time of its publication, as new evidence may have become available since publication. The CDHB accepts no responsibility for the manner in which this information is subsequently used. © Canterbury District Health Board, 2015. Executive summary This report summarises recently published data on the prevalence of smoking in different population groups in New Zealand and the South Canterbury District Health Board (SCDHB) region. It will provide supporting data to assess current cessation provision and guide future planning. Methodology Data were sourced from the New Zealand Census, New Zealand Health Survey, National Maternity Collection, and Year 10 Snapshot Survey. Prevalence estimates and accompanying 95% confidence intervals are presented in tables and figures. Where possible, data have been disaggregated by age group, ethnicity, neighbourhood deprivation, and year. In many instances for the SCDHB region, the total number of responses in a category was small (e.g. for specific ethnic or age groups). Estimates are less reliable when the sample is too small to adequately represent the population from which it has been drawn. Therefore, these data should be reported, and interpreted, with caution. Smoking prevalence in the South Canterbury District Health Board region Some consistent themes emerged from the data. In brief, smoking prevalence: has decreased in all age groups between 1999 and 2014, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the prevalence of ex- and never smoking is consistently higher for Māori and Pacific ethnic groups increases with increasing neighbourhood deprivation increases rapidly in late adolescence and peaks in those aged 20-29. From here, there is a steady decline over the lifespan, and tends to be higher in the SCDHB region than in New Zealand as a whole. This recent evidence illustrates that progress has been made in decreasing the prevalence of smoking in the SCDHB region. However, there remains a significant number of smokers and specific population groups (including Māori, Pacific, young people, and those living in areas of high deprivation) who continue to experience persistent smoking-related inequities. Table of contents Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Data sources and analyses .................................................................................................................. 1 Limitations .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Smoking prevalence in the South Canterbury District Health Board region .......................................... 7 Adults (New Zealand Census) ............................................................................................................. 7 Adults (New Zealand Health Survey) ................................................................................................ 22 Pregnant women (National Maternity Collection) ........................................................................... 24 Adolescents (Year 10 Snapshot Survey) ........................................................................................... 25 Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Appendix A: Data tables ........................................................................................................................ 28 Adults (New Zealand Census) ........................................................................................................... 29 Adults (New Zealand Health Survey) ................................................................................................ 41 Pregnant women (National Maternity Collection) ........................................................................... 42 Adolescents (Year 10 Snapshot Survey) ........................................................................................... 43 Appendix B: Data maps ......................................................................................................................... 44 References ............................................................................................................................................ 49 Methodology Since the publication of data from the 2013 New Zealand Census1, the 2012/2013 New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS)2, and the 2013 Year 10 Snapshot Survey3, updated data on smoking prevalence in New Zealand are now available. This report presents the most recent data on the prevalence of smoking in New Zealand and the South Canterbury District Health Board (SCDHB) region. This information will provide supporting data to assess current cessation provision and guide future planning. Specifically, the report will: 1. summarise the prevalence of current, former and never-smoking 2. describe the prevalence in different population groups (e.g. by ethnicity and age) over time, and 3. present the data in graph and tabular form, so that it can be used consistently in various reports, plans and presentations. Data sources and analyses Smoking-related data from the New Zealand Census (Statistics New Zealand), the NZHS (Ministry of Health), National Maternity Collection (Ministry of Health), and the Year 10 Snapshot Survey (Action on Smoking in Health, ASH) were used. Data are presented in tables as percentages along with the total number of responses (where provided) for each category, in Appendix A. Unless stated otherwise, crude (i.e. unadjusted) percentages were calculated using the total number of valid responses as the denominator (i.e. excluding missing responses, or responses that were inconsistent or illegible). Statistical comparisons between groups or time points have not been analysed. To represent the sample error for percentage estimates, 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Wilson score interval method (Brown, Cai, & DasGupta, 2001). The 95% confidence intervals have been presented in tabular form for reference, and where possible, with the graphed data. A 95% confidence interval indicates there is a 95% probability that the true value of the estimate (if the whole population were surveyed) falls between the lower and upper confidence interval values. Differences between estimates are said to be statistically significant when the confidence intervals for each estimate do not overlap. However, the difference between the groups 1 http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census.aspx 2 http://www.health.govt.nz/nz-health-statistics/national-collections-and-surveys/surveys/current-recent- surveys/new-zealand-health-survey 3 http://www.ash.org.nz/research-and-information/ash-research/ash-year-10-snapshot-survey/ 1 can sometimes be statistically significant, even when the confidence intervals overlap (Ministry of Health, 2013). Where practicable, data are presented in graphs as well as in tables. Graphs have been colour- coded to allow for clear differentiation, and data comparisons between: the SCDHB and New Zealand are presented in blue, and years are presented in green. New Zealand Census The most recent census of New Zealanders was conducted in March 2013, and before that, in March 2006. Adults (aged ≥15) were asked whether they smoked cigarettes4 regularly (i.e. one or more a day), and could respond either “yes” or “no” (Statistics New Zealand, 2013). If the response was “no”, adults were asked whether they have ever been a regular smoker of one or more cigarettes a day (and could respond either “yes” or “no”). From these questions, respondents were defined as regular, ex-, or never smokers5: Regular smokers were defined as those who reported smoking one or more cigarettes per day. Ex-smokers were defined as those who reported previously having been a regular smoker (of one or more cigarettes a day). Those who have never been a regular smoker were defined as those who reported that they did not currently smoke, and had not previously been a regular smoker (of one or more cigarettes a day). Data disaggregated by DHB, age group, ethnicity, neighbourhood deprivation, and year were used. These data were requested from Statistics New Zealand by CPH and/or other organisations. The number of respondents in a category may not sum exactly to the total due to missing responses in some categories (e.g. age, ethnicity) and/or the method of rounding used by Statistics New Zealand when presenting data. 4 Cigarette smoking refers to the active smoking of one or more manufactured or hand-rolled tobacco cigarettes, from purchased or home-grown tobacco. The term “smoking” refers to active smoking behaviour, that is, the intentional inhalation of tobacco smoke. Smoking does not refer to, or include, passive smoking (the unintentional inhalation of tobacco smoke). Cigarette smoking does not include smoking of tobacco in cigars,
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