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The Free-Living Ciliates of the Mexican Gulf Coast Near Port Aransas City and Its Suburbs (South Texas, USA)

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The Free-Living Ciliates of the Mexican Gulf Coast Near Port Aransas City and Its Suburbs (South Texas, USA) Protistology 5 (2/3), 101–130 (2007/8) Protistology The free-living ciliates of the Mexican Gulf coast near Port Aransas city and its suburbs (South Texas, USA) Ilham Alekperov 1, Edward Buskey 2 and Nataly Snegovaya 1 1 Institute of Zoology, NAS of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan 2 University of Texas, Marine Sciences Institute, Port Aransas, Texas, USA Summary Free-living ciliates of the Mexican Gulf coast near Port Aransas city and its suburbs were studied. A total of 28 species of marine ciliates found in psammon, periphyton and plankton were measured and identified. Six new species are established: Holophrya portaransasii sp. n., Zosterodasys texensis sp. n., Z.minor sp. n., Strombidinopsis magna sp. n., Paratontonia mono- nucleata sp. n., Euplotes minor sp. n. All descriptions (6 new and 22 most characteristic species) are based on live observations, morphometric analysis, protargol and silver nitrate impregna- tions. Key words: Ciliophora, Mexican Gulf, psammon, periphyton, plankton Introduction Material and Methods The Gulf of Mexico has been known as a very A total of twenty-seven samples were collected rich region in biological production where free-liv- from different points of the Mexican Gulf coast near ing ciliates play an important role as a food reserve Port Aransas city and its suburbs in September 2005 for animals consuming protozoa. Free-living ciliates (see map). Ten samples of marine psammon (fine of the Gulf of Mexico have been studied mainly in sand) as well as ten samples of periphyton from coast its eastern part near Florida (Borror, 1963) and es- stones were collected on the supralittoral part of the pecially from coastal waters near Kingston Harbor, Gulf beaches and ship channel near Port Aransas city Jamaica (Gilron and Lynn, 1989; Gilron at al., 1991; and its suburbs. Seven plankton samples were col- Lynn at al., 1991; Lynn and Gilron, 1993). lected from the water surface on the pier of Marine The taxonomical study of this group of one-cellu- Science Institute. Average water temperature during lar animals of the west side of the USA Atlantic coast the sampling period was 270C. had not been carried out before our studies. The ciliates were observed in vivo (10 specimens This paper gives the results of short-term taxo- of each species) then fixed by Boin or Champy fluids nomical studies of free-living ciliates of the western in the University of Texas Marine Sciences Institute part of the Gulf of Mexico coast (plankton, periphy- (Port Aransas, Texas, USA). All fixed cells and ton, psammon) near Port Aransas city and its sub- some alive samples were delivered (by the first au- urbs. thor) to the Protistology Laboratory of the Institute © 2007 by Russia, Protistology 102 • Ilham Alekperov, Edward Buskey and Nataly Snegovaya Map. 1. The sample points near Port Aransas city (Texas, USA). of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of %), Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number Azerbaijan (Baku city) for further investigations. of specimens. The fixed specimens were impregnated, using either the silver nitrate methods (Chatton and Lwoff, 1930) or Results and Discussion silver proteinate modification (Alekperov, 1992). All the measurements were made on no less than 10 living Class Karyorelictea Corliss, 1974 specimens and 6-8 impregnated cells. The type mate- Subclass Trachelocercia Jankowski, 1980 rial of the new taxa has been deposited in the Institute Order Loxodida Jankowski, 1978 of Zoology, NAS of Azerbaijan, Baku city. Family Loxodidae Bütschli, 1889 Morphometric data are based on randomly se- Remanella rugosa (Kahl, 1933) (Fig. 1, A-B; Plate 1, lected, protargol impregnated and mounted non-di- A-B; Table 1). viders; statistics were performed using the program Live specimens of Remanella rugosa are about – SigmaStat 2.0; abbreviations in the tables: X – arith- 150-190 µm, after fixation no more 110 µm in size, metic mean, M – median, SD – standard deviation, strongly flattened. The species are very flexible and SE – standard error, CV – coefficient of variance (in usually spirally contorted. The anterior body end is Protistology • 103 Fig. 1. A, B – Remanella rugosa (Kahl, 1933) from life (A) and after protargol impregnationB ( ); C-D - Remanella multinucleata (Kahl, 1933). C – right lateral view, D – left lateral viewC-D ( – protargol impregnation). Abbreviations: DM – developing Müller vesicle; IK – intrabuccal kinety; LOK – left buccal kinety; LIK – left inner buccal kinety; RK – right buccal kinety; F – fibres; B– buccal overture; Pt – pharyngeal tube; MV – Müller vesicles; Ma – macronuclei; Mi – micronucleus; DLK – dorsolateral kinety. rounded and has a snout-like ventral process. The The right buccal kinety extends along the right posterior part is narrowed and tail-like elongated. margin of the buccal overture and consists of very The right lateral side has 10-12 somatic rows of diki- tightly spaced and inverted somatic dikinetids. There netids. The left lateral side has only two rows of diki- is also an intrabuccal kinety, which extends to the netids, located along animal body margins. The oral right of the buccal ridge from the anterior end of the area is located in the anterior forth of the cell. The cell. The intrabuccal kinety consists of dikinetids oral infraciliature is composed of left outer buccal having ciliated anterior basal bodies. Usually there kinety extending along the left margin of the buc- are 3 Müller vesicles located along right margin of cal overture and consists of closely spaced dikinetids the right lateral side. having the posterior basal body ciliated. Endoplasm transparent. There are two oval The left inner buccal kinety consists of rotated macronuclei with single spherical micronucleus. dikinetids the anterior basal bodies of which are cili- Our specimens show morphological characteris- ated and according to Foissner (1996) associated with tics, which correspond to the species described by a thick long fibre, possibly a nematodesmata, extend- Dragesco (1965). According to Foissner (1996), Kahl ing horizontally to the dorsal buccal wall. (1933) founded Remanella genus with five new spe- Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of Remanella rugosa (Kahl, 1933) Character X¯ M SD SE CV Min Max n Body length 174.29 180.0 15.12 5.71 8.675 150.0 190.0 10 Somatic rows (right, lateral side) 11.143 12.0 1.069 0.404 9.593 10.0 12.0 7 Somatic rows (left, lateral side) 2.0 2.0 0 0 0 2.0 2.0 7 Müller vesicles number 3.857 3.0 1.069 0.404 27.716 3.0 5.0 7 Macronuclei number 2.0 2.0 0 0 0 2.0 2.0 7 Micronucleus number 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 7 104 • Ilham Alekperov, Edward Buskey and Nataly Snegovaya Plate 1. A – Remanella rugosa (Kahl, 1933) from life; B – R.rugosa; C - Holophrya portaransasii sp. n.; D - Paraspathidium fuscum (Kahl, 1928); E - Fuscheria marina Petz, Song and Wilbert, 1995; F - Lacrymaria delmarei Dragesco, 1960 (B-C, E-F - protargol impregnation; D -impregnation by silver nitrate). Table 2. Morphometric characteristics of Remanella multinucleata (Kahl, 1933) Character X¯ M SD SE CV Min Max n Body length 592.857 600.0 93.223 35.235 15.724 450.0 700.0 10 Somatic rows (right, lateral side) 21.0 21.0 0.816 0.309 3.886 20.0 22.0 7 Somatic rows (left, lateral side) 2.0 2.0 0 0 0 2.0 2.0 7 Müller vesicles number 5.286 6.0 0.951 0.360 17.991 4.0 6.0 7 Macronuclei number 12.143 12.0 3.934 1.487 32.397 7.0 18.0 7 Micronuclei number 5.500 5.500 1.871 0.764 34.01 3.0 8.0 7 Protistology • 105 Fig. 2. A-D – Tracheloraphis oligostriata (Raikov, 1962): A – from life, B-D – after protargol impregnation, C – left side view of anterior body portion, D – right side view of anterior body portion; E – F – Placus antarcticus Petz, Song, Wilbert, 1995: E – gen- eral view, F – anterior end after silver nitrate impregnation. Abbreviations: B – brosse; OB – oral bulge; Nem – nematodesmata; N – nuclei; SK – somatic kineties; SC – subapical cavity; AO – adoral organelle; CK – circumoral kinety; Ep – excretory pore of contractile vacuole. cies and one new variety, none of which he desig- The left lateral side covered only with two rows of diki- nated as type. The genus is thus invalid according to netids (each with single cilium) located along animal the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature body margins. The number of Müller vesicles is 4-6. (1985). At the present time Foissner (1996) declared Our specimens of Remanella multinucleata usu- Remanella Kahl, 1933 to be a nomen nudum, but re- ally have 7-18 macronuclei with 3-8 micronuclei. installed Remanella as a new genus to avoid an infla- Our specimens show morphological characteris- tion of names and fixed R.multinucleata (Kahl, 1933) tics, which correspond to the species described by as type species of the new genus with improved di- Foissner (1996). This species as well as previous ones agnosis. were found in the ocean psammon near Marine Sciences Institute. Remanella multinucleata (Kahl, 1933) (Fig. 1, C- D; Table 2). Order Trachelocercida Jankowski, 1978 The ciliary pattern described above for R.rugosa Family Trachelocercidae Kent, 1881 is very similar to the R.multinucleata, which much Tracheloraphis oligostriata (Raikov, 1962) (Fig. 2, more differs in size and nuclei proliferation. A-D; Table 3). Live cells of R.multinucleata are about 450-700 µm, Live specimens are about 350-600 µm long. Body after fixation - no more 550 µm. The shape vermi- elongated, filiform and flattened shape. Fixed speci- forme hard flattened and usually spirally contorted. mens up to 320 µm, banana-shaped.
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