Part-I Life Cycle of Peziza

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Class Tutorial B.Sc(Botany)Part-I Life cycle of Peziza Dr. Devanand kumar Department of Botany B.N college, Patna University, Patna Life cycle of Peziza ➢Systemic Position- ▪ Kingdom-Mycota ▪ Division-Eumycota ▪ Class-Discomycetes ▪ Order-Pezizales ▪ Family-Pezizaceae ▪ Genus-Peziza Life cycle of Peziza ➢Habit and Habitat- ▪ The genus contains more than 100 species. ▪ Produces characteristic cup shaped fruiting body called apothecia above substratum. ▪ Thus, the fungus is often called ‘cup fungus’. ▪ Grow saprophytically during rainy season on animal dung, well manured soil and ground rich in humus, on decaying wood. Life cycle of Peziza ➢Vegetative body- ▪ Vegetative body is mycelium consisting extensively developed much branched septate hyphae. ▪ Hyphal cells are short multinucleate or uninucleate. ▪ Develop inside the substratum forming a complex network. ▪ The cup shaped fruiting bodies are above ground. Life cycle of Peziza ➢Asexual reproduction- ▪ Asexual reproduction takes place by conidia and chlamydospores. ▪ Conidia are exogenously formed spores abstricted from tips of conidiophores. ▪ Each conidium germinate to form a new mycelium. ▪ Chlamydospores are thick walled produced singly or in series in hyphal cells, and germinate to form a new mycelium under suitable condition. Life cycle of Peziza Life cycle of Peziza ➢Sexual reproduction- ▪ The sex organs are wholly lacking in Peziza. ▪ This does not stop the development of fruitification. ▪ The sexual process does take place by the association of two vegetative nuclei in pair of the hyphal cells of the mycelium. ▪ Thse pair of nuclei are called dikaryons brought about either by autogamous pairing or by somatogamous copulation between the vegetative cells of the adjecent hyphae Life cycle of Peziza ▪ The cells with the dikaryons give rise to ascogenous hyphae which become multicellular by cross walls. ▪ The terminal binucleate of each ascogenous hyphae function as an ascus mother cell. ▪ The two nuclei of ascous mother cell fuses to form synkaryon. ▪ The synkaryon undergoes three succesive nuclear divison resulting in the formation of eight haploid nuclei which become organised into ascospores which germinate directly to produce new mycelium. Life cycle of Peziza • The asci grow errect and lie side by side parallel to each other often intermingled with sterile hyphae called paraphyses. • The layer of asci and paraphyses is called hymenium. References • www.slm.ignou.com/biology • www.biologydiscussion.com/fungi.

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Peziza and Pezizaceae Inferred from Multiple Nuclear Genes: RPB2, -Tubulin, and LSU Rdna
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (2005) 1–23 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, -tubulin, and LSU rDNA Karen Hansen ¤, Katherine F. LoBuglio, Donald H. PWster Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 5 May 2004; revised 17 December 2004 Available online 22 April 2005 Abstract To provide a robust phylogeny of Pezizaceae, partial sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, RPB2 (encoding the sec- ond largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) and -tubulin, were obtained from 69 and 72 specimens, respectively, to analyze with nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA gene sequences (LSU). The three-gene data set includes 32 species of Peziza, and 27 species from nine additional epigeous and six hypogeous (truZe) pezizaceous genera. Analyses of the combined LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data set using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches identify 14 Wne-scale lineages within Pezizaceae. Species of Peziza occur in eight of the lineages, spread among other genera of the family, conWrming the non-monophyly of the genus. Although parsimony analyses of the three-gene data set produced a nearly completely resolved strict consensus tree, with increased conWdence, relationships between the lineages are still resolved with mostly weak bootstrap support. Bayesian analyses of the three- gene data, however, show support for several more inclusive clades, mostly congruent with Bayesian analyses of RPB2. No strongly supported incongruence was found among phylogenies derived from the separate LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data sets. The RPB2 region appeared to be the most informative single gene region based on resolution and clade support, and accounts for the greatest number of potentially parsimony informative characters within the combined data set, followed by the LSU and the -tubulin region.
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