BUILDING NEW ANDHRA
Progress of the First Plan
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT ANDHRA STATE * m
: ‘ T am very glad that our Planning and Development Department is bringing out a brochure on the eve of the Intra-State Seminar. India is marching forward and Andhra has not lagged behind. I find a new activity in all the National Extension Service Blocks, Community Development Blocks, and Community Project Blocks, wherever I have been in the last few months. It is our duty to enliven the people and by harnessing their energy and enthusiasm strike at new targets. In our country there is a tradition of looking to established authority as the great Provider of all comforts. We must break this ring and make the people feel that their individual and co-operative help is needed to build our national life, progress and prosperity. This would mean raising the stan dards of living, creating new sources of wealth, increasing productivity and expanding purchasing power.
We require finance. Governmental finances are limited. But if progress has to out-run the limited financial resources, the gap has to be filled by the voluntary labour of the big and the small contributed with purpose and will. Sramadan is the key to future progress and our Community Blocks are our centres whereat it can be pooled and utilized. We will cover the entire Andhra with these blocks in the next five years and let our discussions in the Seminar demarcate the way to fulfil the Second Five-Year Plan. Within our State we have good resources, good order and a tidy social scene. Let us March forward step in step.
K u r n o o l , KALA VENKATA RAO, 2nd February 1956. Minister for Planning and Industries. FOREWORD
■%/r EN have many needs but not the means to meet them all. They have to make up their minds as to the things to be done first and how to do them. That is what exactly the Planning Commission have done for the country. They have determined the priorities and defined the stages in which the Plan should be carried out in order to raise the standard of living of the people and to open out to them opportunities for a richer and more varied life.
Planning is the seed of action. The seed has taken root. Some plants are already bearing fruit. Some are still grow ing. But for our financial limitations the seed could have been sown earlier in some cases and their growth accelerated. The results so far achieved in co-operation with the people are briefly indicated in this brochure. If we must have quicker and better results, there is every need for the people to act with greater co-operation and provide the necessary where withal for the speedy execution of the Plan.
The development of a country is closely linked with the self-development of its people. As our Prime Minister remarked ‘‘INDIA’S FIVE-YEAR PLAN SHOULD NOT BE REGARDED AS CONSISTING OF A SERIES OF PROJECTS AND WORKS RECOMMENDED FOR EXECUTION ALL OVER THE COUNTRY; THE PLAN IS SOMETHING MUCH VASTER—MIGHTY SCENE OF A NATION BUILDING ITSELF—ALL OF US WORKING TOGETHER TO MAKE THE NEW INDIA”. A pattern of social and economic life has been placed before the country and foundations are being laid for a welfare State. Unless we succeed in bringing about a change in the outlook of the millions of families in the country-side and assist them in their efforts to build up a new life, rural India may not change so easily or so quickly on the lines we II
so devotedly wish for. Unless this is realized and “Self-help and Co-operation” are applied to the maximum extent possible, our goal will remain still distant.
The brochure has been prepared largely with material furnished by the Heads of Departments. But for the co-operation and the personal care and attention given by Sri L. Baktavatsalu, Deputy Secretary (Planning) who has been ably assisted by the Progress Officer and the Assistant Director of Public Relations, the brochure could not have been produced in so short a time.
On the completion of the First Five-Year Plan period by the end of the current year, it is proposed to bring out a comprehensive review of our achievements under the First Five-Year Plan.
C. NARASIMHAM, Development Commissioner and Secretary to Government CONTENTS
PAGE.
F o r e w o r d i
PART ONE GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE PLAN
L P e r s p e c t iv e o f P l a n n in g
II. T h e St a t e P l a n
I I I . P r o g r e s s oh t h e P l a n
IV . P l a n n in g M a c h in e r y
PART TWO PROGRAMMES OF DEVELOPMENT
I. AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT—
( ! ) A g r i c u l t u r e .. 11
(2) A n im a l H u s b a n d r y .. 17
(3) D a i r y i n g a n d M il k S u p p l y 19
(4) F orest s 20
(5) C o -o p e r a t io n 22
(6) F is h e r ie s 24
(7) R u r a l W e l f a r e S c h e m e 26
II. IRRIGATION AND POWER—
(1) I r r ig a t io n 29
(2) P o w e r P r o je c t s 32
III. INDUSTRIES—
(1) I n d u s t r ie s 39
(2) C o t t a g e I n d u s t r ie s .. 41
IV. TRANSPORT—
R o a d D e v e l o p m e n t 47 II CONTENTS PAGE V. SOCIAL SERVJCES—
(1) E d u c a t io n 49
(2) M e d ic a l 51
(3) P u b l ic H e a l t h 54
(4) H o u s in g 58 (5) Amelioration of Backward Classes 58
VI. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT WORKS .. 65
VIL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT .. 67
PART THREE
DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE ON PLAN SCHEMES
Statement A— Details o f Expenditure under Agriculture .. .. 73
Statement B— Details o f Expenditure under Animal Husbandry .. 75
Statement C— Details o f Expenditure under Dairying and M ilk Supply. 75
St a t e m e n t D — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r F o r est s ...... 76
St a t e m e n t E — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r C o -o p e r a t io n .. . . 76
Statement F— Details o f Expenditure under Fisheries .. .. 77
S t a t e m e n t G — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r R u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t . . 77
St a t e m e n t H — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r I r r ig a t io n .. 77
S t a t e m e n t I — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r P o w e r . . ., 78
Statement J— Details o f Expenditure under Industries .. .. 78
S t a t e m e n t K — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r C o t t a g e I n d u s t r ie s . . 79
S t a t e m e n t L — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r R o a d D e v e l o p m e n t .. 79
St a t e m e n t M — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r E d u c a t io n .. . . 80
Statement N— Details o f Expenditure under Medical .. .. 80
Statement P— Details o f Expenditure under Public Health .. .. 81
S t a t e m e n t Q — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r H o u s in g ...... 82
S t a t e m e n t R — D e t a il s o f E x p e n d it u r e u n d e r A melioration o f B a c k w a r d 82 C l a s s e s .
Statement S— Achievements in Community Projects, Community Develop- 83 MENT and N ational Extension Service Blocks.
S t a t e m e n t T— Assessmeni of Achievements in C.P,C.D. a n d N E.S. Blocks. 85 WITH THE PEOPLE
ALL ii\ STEP .T h h G o v i ;r n o r a n d S h r i m a t i K u s u m T r i v i ;d i c u t t i n g o p e n t h k b r i d g e a t T a n c a t c r , a p i a c i
WITHIN HAl.F A VIII.I: OI C h EI I (X>R-KliRN001. ROAD
S r i B . C o p a e a R n o o v C h i e f M i n i s t e r a d d r e s s i n g t h e g a t h e r i n g o n t h e o c c a s i o n •
O F t h e I nauguration o f B a s i c A gricueturai . S c h o o l a t N a n d y a e . * Sri N. Sam iva Ki ddv. D im hti Ch!i-.i= Mi.\:sti-.k ,\oi). Vii.i.AGi;i;s wMi \ h i ; l a ' u t h h I'oiiNDAriox sTo\r, i o k N a k k a i.a g a n u i P r oitx r d u r i n g A u g u s t 1 9 5 4 . Sri K, CnANnRAMOLi.1 , Ri:\r.NUi, M im sti.k \t a K hau i and Vili.acji: Ixni'STuiiis f-.xniBirioN. ^ wort! ,hi-- f i Tiu-; Pi.ANNiNG M in ' i s i f -k w i m i H i : B h a k a t S i ;v a k S a m a j W o k k i k s n o i x c : R o a d W o r k i n N a n d y a i ■Sri G. Latchanna, M inisti.r rou Sociai W i : i i ari amoxc; tm: C . A D r i s a i mii N a t i o n a l Cauiti^ C o r p s C a m p h k i d i n C u d o a p a h . s i i /■' S r i D . S a n j i v a y y a , T r a \.m >o r i M i .\i .s t i;k , i .a y in x ; t h i -. vor\DAiio\ s i o m t o r a n l-.i i:\n N i AKi Scricx'i. \ i D K a \ \Mi rrA in ( iId d a i .o k i : N a i i o n m . I-.x t i-a s i o n B i o c:k Sri a. B. Nagkswara Rao, Lcx.ai. Adminis ikaiion Minisii;k si>i:akin(, ai a pi.bmc mijtinc; < AT K u R N O O I. in CONNnCTiON W I I H IH i: SiV'I'fl T.B . SiiAL S.M.ll (,AMI>AK,N. * \\ .Ski V. N. SlJKTHANKAR WITH ChIHF Sr.CKIHAKV \l SCNKI>\ 1.A A m c I 1 . Sr i SrKTHANKAR AND THI- D l VI:I.OI>ML\T C O M M IS S IO N H K W IT H THli M i l A(il KS OI N aRNDOR ^ (K u r n o o i N a t i o n a l E x t f n .s i o n S i :r v k ;i s Ri.ofK). ▼ Fart One GEJYEILIL ,1PFK.11S.4L OF THE PLAN 1. Ferspectwe of Planning N D IA bccainc political!}' rrcc in 194':’ instability. It therefore became an act I but her ccoiiouiy was still obsolete. of faith with the Go\eniment to frame Slie inherited all the eeononiie malaise a comprehensi\c plan of national to winch a subject couiitr\- is (lestined. de\clopment. riie unprogressive Indian econoin\‘ was 'i his task of national development was ■characterized b}- unutilized or uiidei- indeed ;i stupendous one on account of utilized man power on the one hand the magnitude of the problem and the and unexploited natural resources on c('iuple\it\ of it^ nature. ;\u. in.tegrated t)ie other. In tact the ]3i:oblem 111 India ap])roaclr Irad to be made with a view was po\erty amidst potential plenty. to overall de\elopment of the country And tlie Second \\"odd War had and this necessitated an intelligent and subjected it to further sexere strain. rational setting out of priorities. During But when freedom came, this h\dra- the days when the common climate of headed and chrome problem of \^'hat is thinking was towards a planned approach, ‘Commonly called Indian poxerty was the traditional hit and miss method had hardly understood or largely misunder naturally to be discarded. The existing stood by the \ast mass of India’s resources of the country had to be teeming millions. lo the common managed on behalf of all, by the repre- man, the earthy commonsense view of scntati\es of all, and for the benefit of the term freedom was freedom from all. This recjuired conscious collective want and freedom from a deplorably low decision of economic priorities in pursuit :staiidard of hfc. He was no longer of a conmion objective of a higher inarticulate but \oeiferous in his standard of living. (demands for a higher standard of life (especially wdien the essentials of life were The concept of planning is, how'cver, 'scarce. This was a period wlieii food not new to the countr\ and dates back became the primar\- concern and a major to the \ear 1938 when the Indian iprc-oceupation of the nascent Govern- National Congress set up a National iment. Added to this, the \’ivisection of Planmng Committee with Pandit Nehru ithc country saddled the Government as Chairman which complied and pub '•with the Himalay an task of rehabilitating lished a valuable report to make the 1the millions that were trekking to India countr\- planminded. The planning in jtrom the other side of the countr\'. In India has, however, to be conceived ,'short, when India became independent within the frame-work of Indian Consti ;shc was in a period of \er\- difhcult eco- tution. '[’he Go\'ernment of India, inomie transition full of uncertaintv and therefore, appointed in March 1950 the Planning Commission to assess our uc encouraged to express their opinions sources and formulate a plan for their through a number of seminars and stud)' most effective and balanced utilization. groups w’hich criticall}- anah sed the draft Accordmgly, a draft plan formulated in plan of the Planning Commission. Not consultation with public opinion at all an insignificant part was pla)ed by Dis levels was published b\- the Plammig trict Boards and Municipal Committees Commission in July 1951 for the widest in these deliberations. Thus, a reliable public discussion. 1 he draft outhne was examined in detail b\ the Centre and cross section of public opinion was the State Governments and discussed in obtained and the nation was presented the State Legislatures and the Parlia with the First l‘"ive-Year Plan, in the ment. A large number of organizations Parliament, in December 1952. This in representing industry, commerce, labour the words of Prime Minister Nehru, and farmers have also expressed the> represented “ the largest measure of views about the draft outline. Even agreement among tlie different sections the educational institutions were of the people.” 2 ^ II. The State Plan HIl National Plan which was origi Rs. 54-71 crores. As a result of further T nally of the niagnitndc of Rs, 2,06.; discussions in February 1954, at New crorcs was later rciiiforcccl b\' Delhi, the Planning Commission raising to Rs. 2,24c) crorcs. approved of a revised total provision of The main objc'jti\'cs of the Rs. 2,24c) Rs. 58-66 crores. 'Ihis w'as further crorcs National Plan were, firstly “ to enhanced by the Planning Commission rcctifv the clisec[iiilibriiiin in the eco- to Rs. 69-42 crores so as to cover addi noni\‘ caused b\ the war and partition tional provisions for power projects, of India and, scconcVly, to mrtiate tlic \ncJiimn and small iiiigation schemes de\elo]3iiient of cer'rain basic resources and National Water-Supply and Sanita so as to lay the foundation of more ra]:>id tion Programmes for backward areas. economic growth in the future.’' llie If the Central Ministries’ Programmes ^hldras Pljn, of which tin’s State was are included, the total size of the plan a part during the first ha'.f of the Plan, will be Rs. 75-90 crores. The Plan which was of the order of Rs. 141 crorcs. the State inherited was not prepared by jNIanv of tlie schemes that made up the the Composite State with reference to the Fi\-e-Year Plan were a legacy and the specific requirements of Andhra and continuation of the Post-War Develop could not in the very nature of things ment Schemes. While a numl^er of meet the needs of the new State. Post-\\'"ar Rc'jonstruction Schemes The outlay of Rs. 69-42 crores has which were in force were thus dove l^een distributed betw’een the different tailed into the ]"i\e-Year Plan of the sectors as folloW'S: — Composite State, other development STATEMENT 1. schemes in operation and additional Distribution of the Plan Provision. schemes wiiich were considered essen Five-year Percentage provision to the total tial for implementation in vie\\- of the allotm ent. new conditions brought abt)ut by a RS. {in lakhs). change in the political structure, were Agricultural and Rural De also brought into the Fi\e-Year Plan velopment— Agriculture 661-38 9-53 for Madras. When the Vndhra State Veterinary and Animal 49-13 0-70 came into existence on rst October H usbandry. Dairying and Milk Supply. 14-23 0-20 1Q53, that is exactly half way through Forests 16-45 0-24 the First Plan, a tentative break up of Co-operation 47-70 0-69 Fisheries 20-95 0-39 the composite plan was worked out on Rural Development 95-27 1-37 tlie basis of schemes belonging to the Total 905-11 13-04 Andlira segment whicli came io al)0ut § 3 § lA Five-year Percentage of the total pro\ ision. llie balance of Provision to the allotment, about a fourth of the total outlay is RS. spread over programmes relating to {in hkhs). Industries, Transport and Social Services. Major Irrigation and Power I ’he prox'ision for Social Ser\ices which Projects— co\ er a \ ariet} of programmes relating to Irrigation Projects .. 1,709-00 24-62 Power Projects . . .. 2,553-00 36-76 hlducation, Medical, Public Health, Housing, Amelioration of Backward 61-39 Total . . 4,262-00 Classes falls short of the needs as great Industries— reliance must be placed on local effort Cottage Industries 46-34 0-66 and local contribution to bring them to Other Industries 50-74 0-71 any satisfactory lc\el. Under Industries, Total 97-08 1-40 only less than a crore has been proposed Transport— as the State is predominanth agricultural. Road Development 248-36 3-58 This order of priorities is natural Social Services— because more than three-fourths of the Education 302-75 4-36 people are dependent on land. Unless Medical 115-60 1-67 Public Health 633-09 9-12 we help them to grow' more and earn Housing 147-98 2-13 more, the momentum for progress will Amelioration of Backward 230-08 3-32 Classes. be lacking in our cconom\\ Moreover, Total 1,429-50 20-59 without a substantial increase in the production of food and raw' materials, G rand total . . 6,942-05 100-00 industrial expansion would be impossible. The large irrigation programme included Power and Irrigation programmes liavc in the Plan will stimulate agricultural the highest prceedence in the Plan and development. Though the generation tsiese two programmes account for of electricity is an integral part of some Rs. 42-62 crores against a total of of the irrigation projects, it is important Rs. 69-42 crores which works to a percen in its own right. Electrification is nol tage of 61. llie next in importance is the only vital for the re\ ival of rural indus Agriculture and Rural De\'elopment tries but also for the expansion of urban in'ogrammes which is nearly one-eighth industrv. § 4 § A N B H f l A S T A T E FIRST PLAN (1951 - 5 6 ) R U P E E S 6 9-42 C R O R E S ANDHRA FIRST FIVE >EAR PLAN DISTRIBUTION OF EKPENDITURE Rupees i IRRIGATION A n O Povi£fi A6RiCULTrW« C Houstna Illlillllillllll e O U C A T IO A f lNt>U6TfttE3 O T H E A s o c i a l . S E R V f C C S Health Transport &coMtnuNicATioN8. III. Progress of the Plan N tlic State l^lan as it cincriicd in its pro\ision being 23-6 and 22-g respceti- I final form after tfie partition of flic \'cly. 'Ihe ])rogress of irrigation and State, the irnestnient ])ri)grannnes in [)0\ver ])rojects has been up to schedule. tlie public sector 'were estimated to cost Out of Rs. i~ erores target under Rs. 6g-42 erores. ()\'cv the period of irrigation oxer Rs. 12 erores or 71-3 4 /; \ears of tlie I’lan, expenditure on per cent has alrcad}’ been spent and the t!ie \arious de\elopmental acti\ities I'jalanee is expected to be utili/ed before amounted to a little o\er Ks. ^2 erores or the close of the plan period. Of the about 75 per cent of the Plan pro\ ision. total outlay of Rs. 2^^ erores on the 'Fhe gap indicates the size of the pro- ]X )w e r projects about Rs. 22 erores or grannne remaining to be executed during (S5 per cent of the outlay has been the concluding six months of the Plan. expjcndcd up to the end of September During the first y e a r of the Plan, ig55. The progress is also up to the Rs. lo-ig erores onh' could be spent. mark under Roads and Dairying and There was a slight shortfall during the ^^llk Supi^ly. second year when tlie amount of expen I'he overall short fall under the Plan diture was onl\- Rs. g-Sg erores. The is mainly due to— period after the formation of the State (1) The formation of the State in saw' a gGiicral S]3iirt in the expenditure and the year ig55-54 registered an the middle of the financial ^ear ig53-54 expenditure of Rs. n-47 erores. The and the inherent difficulties; fourth \ear of the Plan saw a further (2) Belated additions to the break increase in the expenditure and it up Plan of Andhra by Rs. 8-g4 erores at amounted to Rs. r3-g7 erores. During the close of ig53-54 and by Rs. 6-77 the current year also, the expenditure is erores by the close of ig54'55; expected to b e round about 14. to 1 5 (3) Certain administrative difficul erores b a se d on the half-\earh expen ties experienced in the sanction and diture of nearlv Rs. ~ cores. execution of schemes in the early period of the formation of the State which are inescapable for a nascent State. llie largest percentage of expenditure is under welfare of Backward Classes. The actual working of some schemes iMueh progress could not be made under has revealed certain difficulties in effec- Co-operation and Msheries, the percen ti\e implementation of these schemes. tage of expenditure to the total Plan The\- had, therefore, to be discarded and statement II. A b s t r a c t o f E x p f n d it u r e o n F ir s t F iv e -Y e a r P l a n S c h e m e s . {Rupees in hkhs.) Expendi P ercen Provision ture during Expendi tage o f H ead o f Developm ent. in the 1951-52. 1952-53 1953-54 195/^55 he // yc c. r ture up 1955-56 coh.mn Plan. Actuals. Actuals. Actuals. Acti.als. ended the to the end of Budget. (8) to 30th o f S ep ten - colum n Septen ber ber 1955. (2). 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) a) (^) (9) (10) rjcn A c ir ic u m u r e a n d R u r a l D evelopm ent— 26-CO 51C-21 54-39 77-i Oi 1 Agriculture 661-38 102-43 84-C9 218-92 78-17 2 Animal Husbandry 49-13 8-87 6-94 6-78 7-15 2-76 32-50 7-21 66-1 3 Dairying and M ilk supply . . 14'23 3-38 yii 2-37 3-22 0-37 12-61 2-84 88-6 4 Forests 16-45 4-37 1-40 1-10 3-80 2-46 13-13 3-82 79-8 5 Co-operation . . 47-70 3-55 3-26 1-50 2-32 0-62 11-25 4-50 23-6 6 Fisheries 20-95 1-35 1-36 0-93 0-85 0-29 4-78 1-40 22-9 7 Rural Development 95-27 16-90 11 -03 16-34 0-73 •• 45-CO M 3 47-2 Total .. 905-11 140-85 m - 3 5 247-94 96 :4 33-10 6'9-48 75-19 C9-5 M a jo r I r r ig a t io n a n d Po w e r P r o je c t s — 1 Irrigation Projects .. 1,709-00 211-CO 244-CO 166-60 328-48 268-84 1,218-92 342-36 71-3 2 Power Projects . . 2,553-00 365-00 332-CO 480-C0 725-67 267-72 2,17C-?9 662-94 85-0 Total . . 4,262-00 576-00 576-CO 646-60 1 054-15 536-56 3,389-31 UCC5-30 79-5 III. I n d u s t r y — 1-09 45-5 1 Cottage Industries 46-34 3-99 7-84 4-17 4-56 0-54 21-10 31-82 7-81 62-7 2 Other Industries 50-74 8-61 8-33 8-11 4-34 2-42 T'.Xa! 97-68 12-60 16-17 12-23 8-90 2-97 52-92 8 90 54-5 IV . T r a n s p o r t — 17-68 84-3 1 Roads 248-36 82-23 60-10 34-83 25-18 7-12 209-46 84-3 I’otal 248-36 82-23 60-10 34-83 25-18 7-12 209-46 17-68 V. SocfAL S e r v ic e s - 214-54 74-75 70-8 1 Education 302-75 44-94 51-01 46-34 46-80 25-45 26-75 9-78 90-19 46-43 78 0 2 Medical 115-60 16-66 14-91 22-09 rJOr. 326 99 153-38 51-6 3 Public Health 633-09 78-37 96-47 64-90 60-52 26-73 -<1 24-17 3 60 90 29 32 07 61-0 4 H ousing 147-98 24-06 18-85 19-61 000 57-25 91-7 5 Welfare of Backward Classes . 230-08 43-84 43-93 52-43 54-70 I6-J0 211 CO 353 65 3 Total . . L429-50 207-87 225-17 205-37 212-94 81-66 933 01 n 1.397-42 661-41 5,214-19 1,471-15 75-1 Iiand Total . 6,94205 1,019-55 988-79 1 147-02 more practical and usefal schemes The expenditure incurred under each brought in. Hence a revision and head of development during the 4-/2 readjustment of the Plan schemes was years of the Plan period together with undertaken and now the State Plan is the percentage of expenditure to the fixed at Rs. 68-o6 crores and sent to the Plan provision will 1 e found in Planning Commission for approval. Statement IJ, FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN PEH^rtNTAGC OF EXpGNOlTURE UP TO SEPTEMBER 1956 T-Q ALLOTMEr^T lOO too — ...... - 90 L 8 0 i 7C « o 50 4 0 3 0 ao lO ■? ff ^ u 5 * 1 ANDHRA FIRST FIVE YEAH PLAN A llo tm e n t p^no expenditure upto 309 iqss IV. Planning Mdchinery LJBLJC co-opcration and public trict Officers, M.Ps., M.L,.As., Chairmen P o p in io n constitute the ])rincipal of Municipal Councils and other non forcc and sa n c tio n 1)elnnd p la n officials re]Drescnting special interests n in g . A democracy working for social The Collector is the Chairman of the ends has to base itsclt on the willing Connnittee. assent of the peoj^lc and not flic eoercix e Jii the interests of detailed delibera power of the Sta.tc. 'I his leads to the tion and efficient execution, the District application of the princi])le of eo- Planning and Dcxelopment Committee o])evation ni an ])liases ot socia’i activitx dnades itsclt into suitable sub-commit and in all the functions which tees for ]3aying special attention to bring together induiduals for the particular subjects. Due to the wide pursuit of coninion p u r]30ses. 'I he \ariety of subjects and the general people have to C0 -0 ]3erate among them- atmosphere pre\ailing at the meetings, seh'cs and with the \arious agencies the eoiistructi\'e workers were not able to responsible for the formulation and participate fully in the proceedings and execution of the Plan. In the way any offer their views. To secure the active programme is conceived, offered and participation of these non-officials small carried out, action by the agencies of consultati\e committees of non-official the Government must be inspired by organizations arc functioning. an understanding of the role of the The functions of the Block Com people and supported bv practical steps mittee arc mainh' to formulate plans to enlist tlieir entliusiastic participation. and review the progress of the w'orks in Where the administration and the the blocks from time to time. It people feel and act together the pro consists of about 25 members wdio gramme gains 111 \ italit\- and significance. include M.Ps., M.L.As., and represen To ensure this, a well-knit i^lanning tatives of pancha\ats, multi-purpose machinery has been organized in the co-operati\’c societies, agriculturists and State. At the Block and the District Bharat Sevak Samaj and a few persons levels the Block Planning and I3 e\'clop- not exceeding six from among llarijans ment Committees and the District or Scheduled Tribes and public workers Planning and De\elopment Committees aeti\e in the uplift of these classes or arc functioning. The main duties of in the field of prohibition. the District Committees arc to advise At the State le\el, there are three on all aspects of planning, de\'clopment committees functioning. The State and W'clfare work. It consists of Dis Planning and De\clopment Committee § 9 § connsting of all Secretaries to Govern all important matters relating to the ment except Law, with Chief Secretary Five-Year Plan, e.g., Irrigation and Power as Chairman and Secretary, Planning Projects, Community Projects, National and Development, as Secretary, co-ordi- Extension Service, Reform and Reorien nates the acti\ities of development and tation of tlie administrati\ e machinery so watches the progress of schemes in their as to enable it promptly and efficiently implementation. This Committee will to fulfil its functions in regard to deve obtain periodical reports on the progress lopment. In order to facilitate prompt of the Plan, re\'-cw them, and make decisions being taken and to liave vigi suggestions for alterations in the pro lance over execution of the schemes and gramme in the light of the changing to keep the official machinery up to the circumstances. mark, the Committee will meet as fre quently as necessary and will inter aim The State Advisory Committee for watch the progress of all important Planning consisting of officials and non schemes and take decisions on the pro officials of whicli Chief Minister is the posals placed before it by the State Chairman, Min.s^er for Planning and Planning and Development Committee. Industries is the Deputy Chairman, 4 Tlie conclusions of this Committee will M.Ps., 4 M.L.As., 11 persons to be treated as final and will liax^e the same represent special interests. Chief Secre force as the decisions of the Council of tary, Development Commissioner and Ministers. Secrel:aries, Public Works and Transport, Finance and Industries, Co-operation The successful implementation of the and Labour are members, is the chief Plan programmes will largely depend on consultative body to advise Government systematic co-ordination at all levels of on the appropriate questions of plan administration engaged in developmental ning, such as its content, the phases in activities. This is sought through the which it should be executed and the District Planning and Dcvelopmeni role of non-official agencies in the Committees where all the District implementation of the different deve Officers engaged in planning work are lopment programmes. This Advisory brought together for speedy disposal of Committee ma\’ constitute sub-com business. Similarly the activities of the mittees, if necessary for specific different Pleads of Departments are co purposes. ordinated at the monthly co-ordination meetings of the Heads of Departments The Committee of Council of Minis convened by the Development Com ters for Plann'ng and Development missioner. As indicated earlier, at the consisting of all Ministers with the State level such co-ordination is brought Development Commissioner as the about by the State Planning and Sccretarv of the Committee deals with l^evelopment Committee. 10 § N I'hi Rasihum’aii \r im; I’l ,\\.\),\c. t'xHimnox or(.\m/id hv I'Hi- I’l awinc. wti DiiV!:i.()i>Mi:N 1 D i .i’ar i'Mi:\ I a i' K i. k n o o i J m si iiiii IWI T h i ; P rivii-; M i m m i r i-Nyi.'iuiNU ahoi.t thk art products in t h i - A n d h r a GcniiRVMiN' PlANNiNC. F.XHinniON -\T K i.'RNOOL. S p e c i a l M e e t i n g o r t h e S t a t e P i .a n m n g a n d D e v e i .o i ’M e n t C o m m i t t i t ; Part Two r m a u M M E s o f development 1. Agriculture and RuralDeiwlopmcnt I. AGRICULTLIKE r p I l E largest portion of the riatnral While success of an\- plan for the X resources of [iidia consists of land economic development of the country and by far the largest proportion will largel}' depend on tlie optimum of its inhabitants are engaged in utilization of its land and labour resour the exploitation of land. in am' ces, the formulation of schemes of the sclieiiie of planned economic de\elop- I'^irst h'i\ e-Year Plan had to be conceived ment of the country, therefore against the background of acute shortages agricultural reorganizatic^n and reform of foodgrains and essential raw materials hold a position of basic importance. hke cotton and jute brouglit about by While the several parts of the nation’s the war and partition. All efforts had, economy arc mutualh' inter-depcndent th.crefore, to be concentrated in remov and they must all receive their proper ing these shortages by increasing pro- share of attention from the economic ductian. The programme for such planner, the success of the whole Plan increase in output of various crops has a will vitally depend on the results direct bearing on the provision of good achieved in making the most and improved seeds, proper manures advantageous use of the land and labour including chemical fertilizers. resources engaged in agriculture. In this sense the importance of agriculture Improved Seeds. is both basic and vital. These remarks The use of impro\ed seeds is the about Indian economy by the Planning easiest method of impro\ing production. Commission will be equally apt for our Production and distribution of improved State’s economy. strains of paddy, millets, pulses, and green The schemes for agricultural develop manure were undertaken. Against a tar ment of the State are, generally get of 40,943 tons for tlie plan period, speaking, a continuation of the Grow 29,175 tons of seeds were distributed. More Food Campaign Schemes. 1 he State formulated 31 schemes for the CriEJvIIC AL F ERTILIZERS. agricultural de\'clopment in the State at an estimated cost of about Rs. 6-6i Manured lands are expected to yield crores. Of this, about Rs. 5-1 crores or 30 per cent more than lands which have 77-1 per cent of the allotment has been not been so treated. There is, however, spent up to the end of September 1955. not enough manure to go round and 11 § increased use has, therefore, to be made to municipalities for the purchase of of tlie cliemieal fertilizers, To popular lorries for arranging the transport of ize the use of fertilizers, the Agricultural night-soil compost at reasonable rates. Department undertook distribution of sulphate of ammonia and suDcrphos- phatc. llie fertilizer was sold for cash R i .'r a i . C o m p o s t . and also issued to r\ ots on loans granted under the intensive manuring scheme to A scheme for preparation of compost the extent of Rs. 35 per acre subject to from waste organic matter and cow- a maximum of Rs. 500 per indix idual. dung was in oper^rtion till 1952-53 in 'ITic target of 2,50,841 tons fixed for the rural areas. An amount of Rs. 0-4 lakh plan period has alreadx’ exceeded, and a W'as utilized up to 1952-53 after wdiich quantity of 270,507 tons was achieved the Government of India stopped their b\- 30th September 1955. Under the aid for the sclicme. ^Iowe^■er, the work scheme of subsidized sale of phosphatie under rural compost is being pursued manures, superphosphate w'as purcliased by the Agricultural Department as a and sold to cultivators at subsidized rates, normal activit}\ y\gainst a target of but the scheme was wound up hi 1952-53 96,314 tons of rural compost, 121,007 consequent on the decontrol of ferti tons was achic\’cd. lizers. During the period the scheme was 111 operation 5,173 tons of phos- M in o r I r r ig a t i o n . phatic manures were distributed. Be sides these, the Co-operative Department In order to provide increased irriga distributed 87,337 of chemical tion facilities, the following schemes fertilizers during the same period against were taken up : — a target of 93,000 tons for the plan period. (1) Hiring of departmental punip- scts.— The pow'er lift irrigation is C o m p o s t . comparati\ ely cheaper, gives assured and timely irrigation to crops, acts as an To augment supply of compost ins’arance against the failure of mon- towards manure, municipalities and sonn, can co\er more acres in quicker paiichayats were assisted to convert time, and is more efficient than other street rubbish and mght-soil into com means of lifting water. The Agricul post b\- gi\‘ing subsidy. The scheme has tural IDepartment has, therefore, not yet been started in some of the implemented a scheme for the supply major paiichayats and has not gained of pumpsets to ryots on hire. Rs. 14-56 popularit}- around some of the larger lakhs ha\e been spent up to September municipalities. Only 315,84" tons 1955. Fourteen thousand five hundred could, therefore, be produced against the and forty-one acres ha\e already been targeted 529,400 tons of the plan covered by the scheme against the period. In order to achieve better programmed coverage of 12,410 acres results, it is proposed to provide loans for the Plan period. § 12 § (2) Distribution of Oil l^iigiiics (5) Boring of deep wells.— Diesel and Elcctnc Motors.— iJiidcr the sclic^ engines and electrical-drnen ]30wer me, oil engines are pnreliased out of drills were hired out to the public de loan amount tiom the Coxernnient of sirous of putting down deep bore-wells India and distributed to r\ots from for agricultural irrigation purposes. I he whom the entire cost with interest is Indi'stnes Department ha\e also sup rcco\x'red on an instalment Ixisis spread plied Air Compressor Blasting Unit for over a period of three to five years The deepening wells. Six power-drills and target for the Plan period under this one Blasting Unit were under o]:>cration. scheme is 1,200 units to coxer an area of 15046 acres but with 1,14" units (6) W'ell-siihsidy SeJieiue.—A sub su])]3lied, an increased coxc'ragc of 16 sidy of Rs. 500 per well representmg 50 acres was obtained. per cent of the cost of construction of a well suljjcct to a inaxmium limit of (3) Instjiiniioii of filter poiiil I iihc- h\e wells ])er agriculturist is granted m W clh.— 'I’lie scheme i'^ (k"'ig,uc(l t(> the hist us ;\ subsidy ui'.d exploit undergroimd water resources at it is con\erted later inU^ subsid\ after shallow deptiis b\' sinking filter ])oinfs the successful completion of the wqW. with a \iew to raising crops like ground An amount of Rs. 72-11 lakhs has been nut and cotton in rice fallows and expended u]) to 30th September 1955. supplement irrigation facilities for 'rwenty-six thousand four hundred and sugarcane cro]3 and padd\' nurseries, i he fort\-three uells ha\c been sunk irrigat entire cost of hlter ])oints is taken as ing 28,551 acres. l'’ourteen thousand loan from CTO\'ernment of India and one hundred and three tons of addi gixeii to the r\ots from whom the whole tional food-production lia\-c been realised cost is recovered in annual instalments tlirough the scheme. extendmg from three to fi\’C years. One thousand one hundred and fift\-mne (^7) 'fdiil: hnproveinent Selienies.— filter points co\'cring an area of 9,392 /Vbout 1,200 works of repairs and acres, were installed against a programme impro\ements to tanks, supply channels, of 1,420 filter points to cover 11,992 etc., costmg generalh' below Rs. i-o lakh acres for the Plan period. but with immediate food production \alue were taken up out of wiiicli 1,077 works arc nearing completion. These (4) River Funipiiig Sdieinc.— In are financed from out of loans and stallation of high horse-power pumping grants from the Go\'ernment of India. units on tlie banks of perennial ri\'crs A sum of Rs. 105-29 lakhs has been and streams help in utilizing waters now spent up to 30th September 1955 under running waste for bringing as much this scheme. high le\ el areas as possible under assured crop production on a permanent basis. (8) Small Irrigcdion Sehcines.— y\ small unit was tried in Chittoor dis- These scliemes generally cost less tlian trict for some time. Rs. 10 laklis and are designed to increase § 13 § irrigation facilities in fa\ourablc areas, 201 units were sold and the area riierc were 99 such works under various covered was 76,224 acres against the stages of execution at tlie beginning of targeted 38,000 acres. the plan period to irrigate a total extent of 110,000 acres at an aggregate W ith tlie decontrol of pipes and cost of Rs. 183-08 lakhs. These fittings, the scheme for their distribution schemes are financed both by grant and by the Department was wound up b\- loan sanctioned b\’ Government of during 1952-53. During the period the India. Consec^uent on the reduction of scheme was 111 operation, three lakh^ the quantum of financial assistance the and sixt\- thousand feet of pipes were schemes were stopped in 1952 as a result distributed. of whicli only schemes already sanctioned prior to June 1952 are being continued. Son. C onservation . Up t:) 3o;:h September 1955, 53 sclicmes have been completed costing Rs. 106-70 An nnportant cause of the loss or arable land is erosion of the soil throngl'. Vakhs. the action of the sun, wind or rain or (9) Special Minor Irrigation Prothrough rivers and streams. In hilly gramme.— The State Government areas, one way to reclaim eroded land embarked on a programme of construc Ls by ‘terrace cultivation’. Where tion and repairs to Minor Irrigation slopes are less steep, “ contour bunding’' Works for which loan assistance was is advisable. Soil conservation measure^ offered by Government of India. such as coni-our bunding, gully plugging, contour cultivation, etc., suited to each Under this programme, 292 sx'hemes locality were in operation in the red were taken up from 1953-54 of which soil and black soil areas of Anan’.apur 155 have already been completed at a and Kurnool districts. The target of cost of Rs. 45-91 lakhs. 6,590 acres fixed for the Plan period ha' already been exceeded, the achievement M e cii AMc: AL Gu t ;n v a t io n . at the end of 4/2 years being 7,038 acres. To encourage mechanized cultivation in the State, schemes were formulated /\gricultxiral T r a in in g . for reclamation b\- hiring and distribution of tractors and bulldozers, on hire Trained men in adequate number' purchase system. One hundred and to carry the results of research conducted fifty units of tractors and bulldozers on Government Research Farms, to the were in operation and between them actual tiller are indispensable in any covered an area of 83,912 acres ag-nnst scheme of agricultural development. the target of 115,596 acres for the Plan W ith this object in view, 181 demons period. The sale of tractors under hire- tration maistries and 12 fieldmen have purchase system was quite a success in been trained against the targeted :oc the State. Against a target of 97 units. maistries and 12 fieldmen. The § 14 § ncldincii so trained attend to tlic siippl\- P l,a \ t P r o t e c t io n S c h e m e . of seeds, inaiuires, and implements to ryots besides si:pervisx)n of production Much damage is caused to plants by and collection of seeds from sccd-farms insccts which li\e on them and pre\’ent tiicir full growth and by pcits like field and conductms dem:)nstrations. rats. It is estin ated that 10 per cent of proJuction is lo=t by these insccts, pests SuGARCAM'. i^RODliCTION. ind diseases and another 10 per cent through bad storage arrangements, Two Scliemes were ni opciation. 'i’lie State had, therefore, to take up a 'I’licA' ^^'crc the Sugarcane Researcli sclienie to control pests and diseases on Scheme at Anakapalli and the Sugarcane diilerent crops b\- application of r'e\’cloj)incrit Scheme roi which a special insecticides and carrying out remedial staff was emp'lo\ed in the ma.jor and measures on pests and stored grains. i]ii]3ortant sugarcane growing areas to do Insecticides were sold under the scheme ')u 5c per cent suh^Ady b^isis up to 31st inlcnsive pro]Xigancia and to unpro\e Xhirch 1953 and 25 per cent subsidy the yield of the cro]) and qualii\' of during 1953-54. As plant protection jagger}'. 'The scheme also included work had gained immense popularity running of a l.iaison I'arm in the \ icinity tiie snbsid}' was withdrawn from 1st of the sugar factor}' at Samalkot to April 1954. An amount of Rs. 9-53 lakhs conduct trials and to fix up varieties of was spent on this scheme. cane suited for crushing m different seasons. Against a provision of Rs. 5-11 lakhs imder the scheme, Rs. 3-45 lakhs S p e c i a l S c i i i '/m e . were spent up to the end of 30th Araku Valley.— 'I'hc scheme was first September 1955. The working of the conccix'ed in 1944 for immediate scheme resulted in an increased pro growing of potatoes and English \'egeta- duction of 2-q6 tons cane in the bles for supply to the army during the development area. war. When the need ceased, the scheme was switched over to the general C o t t o n . de\^elopment of y\gency areas. The colonization aspect of the scheme was A Cotton Extension Scheme was subsequently dropped and it was decided launched and out of an additional that the activities of the various production of 70,509 bales aimed at for Departments functioning at Araku the last three years of the Plan period, Valley should continue as part of a 53,371 bales ha\e been achieved up to general scheme for the development of 30th September 1955 and the expendi Agency areas. The main objects of the schemc are: — ture under this scheme amounted to Rs. 0-66 lakh. (1) Eradication of Malaria. § 15 § (2) Protection of the rights of Tractor Workshop at Ilolagondi. This liilhiien and impro\enient of their IS in progress. 'Phe second scheme aims general condition. at the employment of propaganda staff for doing propaganda in the I ’unga- (3) Importation of plainsnien for bhadara Project area. 'Plie full colonizing the surplus areas; and complement of the staff has now been (4) Improxenient of methods of employed and intensive propaganda on cultivation. the cropping pattern to be adopted in tlie area is being done. Arrangenieiits Against a programmed expenditure of arc also being made to stock seeds and Rs. 13-24 lakhs under the major head manures for sale to the culti\ators Agriculture, Rs. 9-48 lakhs ha\c been during the ensuing season. Preliminary spent up to 30th September 1955. steps ha\e been taken for the cstablishmcni of a Research-cum- Among the chief developmental !demonstration Kami at Yemniiganur. activities that were turned out in the The necessar\ land has been taken over a2cne\-O . area, ' mention ma\ be made of a b}' the Department and arrangements model agricultural farm to educate the are bemg made to bring the land under hillmcn in modern methods of cultivation during the current season cultivation, a model poultry farm to itself, with a \'iew to demonstrating the propagate the exotic breed and a small cropping pattern to the agriculturists in dair\ farm to supph^ milk to the inmates the neighbourhood. of the colony. As the climatic conditions are extremely favourable for The State on the whole made a very rearing silk-worms an experimental satisfactory progress in the production sericulture farm has been opened by the of foodgrahis through the several industries Department. schemes undertaken by it under Grow More Food, small irrigation and land I'uNGABIIADRA AREA CROPFIXG PATl’l-RN. improxenient schemes, well subsidy schemes, supply of improved seeds and With the letting in of water in the fertilizers. 'Flic food production of Tungabhadra Project area, \arious .40-69 lakhs tons at the beginning of the schemes have been put into operation Plan period will increase to 44-60 lakhs for the improvement of the ayacut and tons by the end of 1955-56. The food for carrying out propaganda on the economy in the State is not only cropping pattern for the area. I ’hrce stabilized but the State is also in a new schemes were included in the 1^'irst position to supply the requirements of Five-Year Plan during 1955-56. Out of other States to some extent and even these, one scheme relates to the export fine xarieties of foodgrains establishincnt and equipment of a abroad. § 16 § M a M UI I) S r i.A IK \M- IN SliU\’AI)\ f i: A S r CioD A V \1<1). I a i ' W i m \ii- r H ()i) ()i c n 11V A I lO-N in P a n u i a i ’ a d i ; I S f - 1: '•^ , 'i .. . . - 5- "" ’ ’■ f \ V. y - / ■ " : ' • ■*;, .; t li . y iVu iiKAI I Bl;l 1 ALOi;. Cai ti i; Sfiow i;\ Roddam K.h.S. Block. rni- G o v k r n ’o r at rm: Poi;t;rRY C i a 't r i ;, N a x d y a i. 2. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY Ilic part played b\ the cattlc in twenty thousand ha\’e so far been spent uiiiiicchaDizcd Iiidinii .Agricultural under the scheme. economy cannot be undcrestiniatcd. 'I’lic fact that li\cstock contril)utcs D i s t r i b u j 'io n o f a i a l f -b r f e d l \ g about 1,000 crores to the national income STOCK. emphasises the mijjortance of livestock in lmpro\'cment of livestock can be Indian economy. '11ns excludes the effected by the introduction of improved value of the animal power for draught breeding stock. W ith this end in view’ purposes in Agriculture and 1 ransport. during 1953-54 this State purchased at To a majont}' of \egetarians, milk and a cost of Rs. 30,000 eight llallikar milk products constitute the mainstay bulls, eight Ongole bulls, and six Murra of animal protein. Of the 150 million buffalo bulls and distributed them to cattle in India 7 milhon are in this people interested in livestock l:>reedmg. State, constitutmg 4-7 per cent. I'he I he custodians are required to maintain State has 5 million or about 12 per cent them properly for a period of three of the 43 million buffaloes in tlie \ears in accordance with the instructions country. Measures for upgrading the of the Department and effect 180 cattle and removing useless and services during the period, after which inefficient animals should, therefore, they become owners of the bull. This form a major plan in the agricultural and is subject to the condition that a economic development of the country. stipulative number of services shonld be The improvement of cattle involves, effected for breeding purposes even firstly the selection of high class animals, thereafter. and their utilization for upgrading the large number of nondescript cattle; and A r t u 'i c i a l I nseimination OF C a i t l e . secondly provision of an adequate l o o\ereome the shortage of breeding quantity of well balanced feed, efficient bulls in upgrading the stock one management and protection against /Vrtificial Insemination Centre is already diseases. functioning at Guntur and two more centres one at Rajahmnndry and B r e f .d I'.r s / \ s s o c i \ tton’ f o r O n g o t .e . another at Bapatla have been sanctioned An association has been formed to for being started during 1955-56 . An improve the Ongole breed of cattle and amount of Rs. 41,000 has been spent to look after the interests of the breeders. under the scheme. There are at present 765 members m tlie association who are actual breeders K e y V i l l a g e S c h e m e s . of Ongole cattle. The association The Key Village Schemes aim at arranges for marketing the cattle introducing scientific method of breed owned by the members and to get cattle ing, feeding and disease control in food, etc., at concessional rates. Rupees selected areas. Each Key Village § 17 § Centre will consist of three or four institutions have already been opened villages having altogether 5C0 cows and the opening of four more has already over three years of age. In these areas l)ceu sanctioned. Thus, of the 12 breeding will be strictly controlled and dispensaries programmed for the Pkn confincd to three or four superior bulls period, 11 would have been opened specially marked out and maintained by before the close of the Plan period. the farmers for the purpose. The Rupees fifty thousand have so far been unapproved bulls will be removed or spent under the scheme. castrated. Other essent.al features of cattle development, viz., maintenance of E r a d ic a t io n o f R i n d e r p i :s t . records of pedigrees and milk production, Of all the diseases that affect Indian feeding and disease control, will receive cattle, rinderpest is responsible for full attention at every centre. The about 60 per cent of cattle mortality. technique of artificial insemination will The Government of India have, there also be utilized in ihese areas as it will fore, formulated a scheme for the accelerate progress and reduce the eradication of rmderpest by large scale requirements of l3ulls. vaccination with the newly evolved In the State, there are two key village lapinised vaccine. In this State the centres with two artificijil insemination scheme was started in all the six centres attached and two more key districts south of the river Krishna village centres with two artificial from 1st October 1954 and by 30th insemination units were sanctioned to September 1955 over 17 lakhs of be opened at Chilakalurpet of Guntur animals were vaccinated. The Madras district and Panyam in Kurnool district. Rinderpest Act which provides for Before the end of the Plan period, there prosecution for refusing vaccination and will also be two bull-rearing farms breeding has been enforced in these wherein bull-calves born in key village districts. areas would be purchased and reared for further use in the entire kev villages. T o u r in g B i l l e t s . The scheme envisages the starting of V ETERINARY INSTITUTIONS. one touring billet for each taluk to ensure adequate facilities for veterinary The benefits of improved breeds and aid and protective treatment of cattle. better feeding are obscured by the cattle Each billet will have a stock-man falling a prey to epidemics. Besides compounder or Veterinary and Live causing a large number of deaths, stock Inspector. Twenty-four billets contagious and other diseases, reduce the were programmed for the First Plan vitality and the \A orking efficiency of the Period. Nine billets have already been animals considerably. It was, therefore, opened and three more have been decided to have a Veterinary Institu sanctioned. So far, an amount of tion for each taluk to prevent and Rs. 2-85 lakhs has been spent against control veterinary diseases. Seven the provision of Rs. 3-88 lakhs. § 18 § D a i k y -c u m -B u t .l F a r m , V 'i s a k i i a - S h e e p a n d g o a t demonstration PAT\Al\r. UMTS. The farm wns or.-g'iialiy started in Three sheep and goat demonstration 1948 for producing 5.0C0 lb of milk units liave been started with a view to per da}', but due to paucity of land for earrynig on propaganda and demons cultA’ation of fodder craps and grazing tration in the improved methods of fields, tlie tar_el' cou.kl not be readied, shearing and grading of wool. These 'i’lie farm was completely re-organized units are functioning at Anantapur, by elimination of uiiproducti\e and Kakinada and Nellore each of them uneconomic cattle aind arrangements having jurisdiction over three districts. jia\'e been made tor acquisition of more The programmes under y\nimal area for the farm. /\t ],^resent tlie farm Ilusbandr}- ha\c been estimated to cost is supplying al)out 2,coo lb of standardi Rs. 49-13 lakhs for the entire Plan zed and toned milk to the public of period of which Rs. 32-50 lakhs or Visakltapatnam. This is the first ])rojcct 66-1 per cent of the provision has so tar (>f its kiivd S0V.U1 liidia. been spent. 3. DAIRYING AND MILK SUPPLY l'"or a country like India with a large against powerful odds viz., distribution vegetarian population milk is a verv of milk by priwate vendors at lower important food. Des]3ite this fact prices and rapidly increasing use of and the large number of milch animals imported skimmed milk powder. in India, dairying is in a back\Mird Two schemes, viz., (1) Urban milk condition and has not received the supply scheme and (2) interest-free loans attention it deserves. The average yield to milk supply societies and interest of milk per cow in India is 413 pounds bearing loans to purchase equipment, which is about the lowest of an\- country were in operation in the State to in the world. improve milk-supply in the urban areas. Of the 70 million milch animals in The Government have provided special India over four millions are in this State, staff of 11 Senior Inspectors and 10 but tlie supply of milk to urban area is Junior Inspectors of Co-operative unsatisfactory both in quantit}- and Societies and 10 Dairy Assistants to c|uality. This is mainly due to lack of supervise Milk Co-operatives and to organized production in the surrounding ensure the quality of milk supply. villages, difficulties of transpoT, produc During the current year a special scheme tion of milk hi urban are-^s under of intensive milk supply in the Munici insanitary conditions and at high prices pal Towns of Kurnool and Guntur has and its distribution by a host of middle been siarted. Under the intensive milk men. The Co-operative Milk Supply supply scheme there is provision for Societies in the State had to contend appointment of special staff and for 19 § 2 a equipment such as cold-storage, purchase of milch cattle. The Co- pasteurization plants, vans, etc., costing operati\'CS are now distributing 5,645 over Rs. i lakh for each town including madras measures per day and it is loan assistance. Upto 30th September expected to go up to 10,150 madras 1955 Rs. 9-62 lakhs have been disbursed measures per day by the end of the Plan as loans to milkmen and agriculturist period. members of Dairy Co-operatives for the 4. FORESTS Forests play a vital role in India's management under the Panchayats economy. They are an important source proved a failure. I ’he forests were of fuel and also of raw materials useful subjected to over exploitation resulting for domestic and other industrial and in serious deterioration and denudation. agricultural purposes. Ihey also provide It w'as, therefore, decided to res materials for defence and communica tore these forests to the control of tions as w^ell as grazing for cattle. Forest Department for rehabilitation. Forests help in the conservation of soil The total area of 2,000 square miles was fertility and play an important part in taken over and the work w'as completed the maintenance of the water regime of during the first year of the Plan. The the land. The total extent of forests in allotment of Rs. 2.55 lakhs under this Andhra State is 14,500 scjuare miles scheme W'as spent fully. which w'orks out to 23 per cent of the land area as against 33-1/3 per cent prescribed in the National Forest Policy. F u r t h e r F o r e s t R i-s e r v a t i o n . The schemes under this Flead of Development are formulated to take vVith a view' to preventing sand drift over the Panchayat forests, forest into villages and cultivated land nearby reservation, afforestation, concentrated and to increase the forest area, suitable plantations, scientific methods of areas on the left bank of the River Ten- management and provision of forest nar in the Cuddapah district \^ere roads. selected and planted with Prosopis jiili- floria and other suitable species over a length of 18 miles and 2 chains wicth. M a n a g e m e n t o f P a n c h a y a t F o r e s t s . An area of 315 acres was planted during An area of 2,000 square miles of class the first 4/2 years of the Plan at a cost III reserved forest spread over the entire of Rs. 0-48 lakhs. Of these plantatiins State was taken away from the control an area of about 64 acres near Procda- of Forest Department and placed under tur was devastated by smugglers during the management of Village Panchayats 1953. This area has since been 50 \^ears ago. But the svstem of replanted. § 20 § M a d r a s G o v i ;r \o r a d m i k i n g an O n g o u ; B u i l . F o r e s t R iigkneration . Department. During the first 4^^ yearb I'his sclicmc is iiitciiclcd for reaffores of the Plan period working plans have been prepared for Anantapur, Adoni, tation of dciindcd areas in tlic Paiicha>at Cuddapah South, Guntur, Nellore and L^statc forests and suitable areas in South and Nortli Divisions. 'The work the reserved forests with the objeet of preventing soil erosion and improving ing plans in respect of departmental forests of Kurnool East and Godavari the prodneti\e capacity of the forests. Plots of roo acres each ha\e been Lower divisions are almost completed selected in suitable localities in forest and the drafting is under progress. areas and planted with fuel and other W^orking plans for an area of about species. Regeneration in small areas under 4,850 square miles ha\e been prepared the contour trenching method and durnig the 4 / 2 vears, at a cost of Rs. 2-89 planting of cashew where casuarina has laklis. failed in Nellore South dnision have l'’oRi’,sr R o a d s . been taken up ruider the scheme. An The Nallamalais were not readily acces 'ATca of dCiCS \\a> planlcu up lo sible motor transport, and conse- 30th September 1955 at a total cost of quentl}' they ha\c not been fully and Rs. 2-68 lakhs. It is ])roposed to raise properly worked. A scheme for the plots over an area of 1,680 acres during improvement of road system w'as, there the second half of the current vear at an fore, taken up for execution during 1954- estimated cost of Rs 0-52 lakh. 55 and roads over a length of 25 miles were constructed at a cost of Rs. i-6o E x 'J'e n s i o n o e C a s u a r i n a . ■ lakhs. It is proposed to construct roads With the increase of population in over a length of 12 miles during the big towns in Andhra State there is a pro second half of 1955-56 at a cost of rata increase for firewood. To meet the Rs. 0-79 lakh. The development of road demands within the State and of areas system in the forests of agency tracts of outside the State especially Madras City, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam and East casuarina plantations have been raised Godavari districts was essential to along the coastal districts over an area of transport the valuable forest produce 1,509 acres in Visakhapatnam, Guntur from the Agency areas. It was, there and Ncllorc districts during the first 4/2 fore, proposed to construct roads over years of the Plan at a cost of Rs. 2-76 a length of 53 miles during 1955-56 at lakhs. an estimated cost of Rs. 2-76 lakhs. The work was taken up in August 1955 W o r k in g P i .a n C i r c l e . and about Rs. 0-20 lakh was spent up- Due to the dislocation of normal work to 30th September 1955. ing during World War II, it was found The total outlay on schemes under necessary to revise the working plans for Forests was of the order of Rs. 16-45 reserve forests. Besides, new working lakhs of which Rs. 13-13 lakhs or 79-8 plans had to be prepared for the paneha- per cent was spent during the 4 / 2 years yat and estate forests takeiE over by the of the Plan period. 21 5. CO-OPERATION The principle of co-operation is indeed sanctioned subsidy to the Central Ranks basic to rapid social and economic deve to enable them to appoint additional lopment under democratic conditions. staff required for effective supervision The substance of mutual aid which is at the rate of one for every 20 societies. the basis of co-operative organization, The scheme was, howe\cr, discontinued and the practice of thrift and self-help with effect from 1st February 1953 by which sustain it, generate a sturdy feeling w’hich time the target of per ccnt of self-reliance which is of basic of the villages has been reached, but the importance in a democrat:c way of life. target of 30 per cent of the population In a regime of planned development, was yet to be attained. On this scheme, co-operation is an instrument which Rs. i -q6 lakhs has been spent aganist while retaining some of the advantages the target of Rs. 2-08 lakhs. of decentralization and local initiative, will yet serve willingly and readily the Provision of cheap loans to ryots in overall purposes and directives of the Rayalaseenra.—The growth and working Plan. The co-operative form of of co-operatives in Rayalaseema have all organization is now an indispensable along been rendered difficult by the instrument of planned economic action. relatively backward agricultural and economic conditions of the tract. The The broad features of the co-operative co-operative movement has not shown development in the State under the the same vigour, robustness and health First Plan are— which generally characterize the co-opc- (1) Increasing credit facilities, ratives in the more prosperous deltaic dis tricts. In appreciation of this position (2) Provision of storage facilities, the Rayalaseema Co-operative Enquiry and Committee recommended that short (3) Training personnel to man the term loans through Central Co-operative movement. Banks and long-term loans through Land Mortgage Banks should be given to the ryots in Rayalaseema at reduced r;ites C o -o p e r a t i v e C r e d i t . of interest. Following this recommenda- Re-organization of Rural Credit lion, Government provided subsidies to Societies.— Credit societies are by far the the Central Land Mor':gage Banks and most numerous and their activities were Co-operative Central Banks at one per proposed to be expanded so as to serve cent on the loans passed on to the 50 per cent of the villages and 30 per agriculturist members. Under the cent of the population. It was also scheme, long-term and short-term loans intended to convert the existing Rural reach the borrower at four and five per Credit Societies into multi-purpose cent respectivelv. The scheme was societies within a period of two years. discontinued with effect from 31st W ith this end in view, the Government March 1955 in the case of Central 22 j 1 I A l\ wir.i 1 \\ I \\M<> <,() § 23 § various co-operative institutions. Two it is also proposed to pay stipends to courses of training are run by these deserving non-official trainees and to Institutes—one of nine months for meet the travelling ahowance during employees of Central banks. Urban practical training. Against a Plan banks, etc., and the other a short-term provision of Rs. 1-40 lakhs for the course of six weeks in two series for scheme, a sum of Rs. i-oi lakhs was employees of non-credit co-opera spent upto 30th September 1955. tives. About 150 candidates are trained The programmed expenditure on in the two institutes annually in the Co-operation during the Plan period is long-term course and about 170 candi Rs. 47-70 lakhs, but only Rs. 11-2 lakhs dates in the short-term course. In all, or about 23-6 per cent of the Plan cost over 1,570 candidates were trained at only has been spent up to 30th these two institutes during the period September 1955. The shortfall may be ended 30th September 1955. explained by the non-implementation of two schemes, viz.. Co-operative In pursuance of the recommendations Agricultural Colonization Societies for of the Central Committee of the Ex-service men and formation of Labour Co-operative Training and Education, Contract Forest Coupe Co-operative constituted by the Reserve Bank of Societies at an estimated cost of Rs. 5-28 India and the Government of India, the lakhs and the very poor performance three institutes were upgraded in respect under Co-operative Farming Schemes of staff with effect from 1st July 1955, for Civilians and Harijans due to i.e., with Deputy Registrars as financial limitations. Under the last Superintendents and Co-operative scheme only Rs. o-8 lakh have been Sub-Registrars as Lecturers. With spent till now against the programmed financial assistance from the Committee, expenditure of Rs. 20-78 lakhs. 6. FISHERIES Fisheries in India, though very more than 300 fishermen villages on the underdeveloped contribute annually coast with a population of more than about Rs. 10 crores to the National one lakh engaged in the fishing industry. income. Rich in proteins, \'itamins and Total acreage of water that can be mineral salts fish is a valuable protective exploited for fishing is about 85 lakhs food. The development of fisheries is, acres comprising 77 lakhs acres of therefore, one of the most promising marine, 4 lakhs acres of estuarine, and means of improving the diet of the 4 lakhs acres of inland waters. The people. The Andhra State has a long Fisheries Plan of the State is of the coast line of 600 miles with continental order of Rs. 20-95 lakhs and most of shelf of an average width of 20 miles the schemes are only a continuation of and the fishing grounds are very the Grow More Food Schemes. The extensive and productive. There are Plan provides mainly for improving the 24 catcli, increasing [lie production of fish State, this State lias only one vessel, i.e., in Inland waters, l)ctter preser\ation of M.h’.X". 'Kakinada.’ This was under fish and quicker transport of fish to the repairs for a long thne and as it is not marketing ccntres. suitable for intensive commercial fishing Inipiovcincnt at Indigenous Cnift it IS proposed to dispose it. Up to duel T dcklc.—llic existing craft and 30th September 1955 an amount of tackle used for fishing in the seas are Rs. 0-97 lakh has been spent against the too primitive resulting in poor catch, ]3rovision of Rs. 2-23 lakhs. incommensurate with the labour input. Intensive seed collection And distribu Mlie only wa\' to inipro\e the catch is tio n — A bout 1,600 pounds of fish can by the use f)f modern mechanized l)e got from each acre of water spread craft, but the local fishermen arc too l;y judicious stocking \\itli various conscr\'ati\ e for the change. It is, species of quick growing carps. The therefore, found necessary to mechani/,e Department has selected the most indigenous craft itself, as an alternatixe produetix’C areas and has been stocking so as to enable the fishermen to reach them with cj^uick grcnving fish seed. the fishing grounds earlier, fish for long Propaganda also is being made among hours and return early for the market, members of the public to take to 'I'he mechanized craft would also pisciculture. 0\er 1-5 crorcs of fish seed reduec their dependence on weather was collected so far, and stocked in both conditions. One Motor lugger was the departmental and pruate waters. constructed under the scheme and An amount of Rs. 1-90 lakhs has been transferred to Kakinada in July 1953, spent against the target of Rs. 3-93 lakhs. but was declared unfit for intensive commercial fishing by Mr. Paul Ziener Salt Subsidy Scheme.—Onl\ 20 per the F.A.O. Naval Arcliiteet. cent of the fish catch is marketed as fresh fish. Lack of proper communica The Government also sanctioned the tions and quick transport facilities schcmc for mechanization of indigenous hinder the disposal of the catch w'hen craft with the five marine diesel engines the}’ are fresh. Added to these, marine received as gift under the Technical fisheries are seasonal in our State. Co-operation Aid. One boat has already During fishing season there is generally been mechanized and utilized at a glut. The bulk of the catch has, Kalingapatnam for demonstration of therefore, to be preserved before it is mechanized fishing to the fishermen. marketed. In fish landing places in the The mechanization of the second boat State, some are beach-dried and the is under way and the three other rest are salted and dried. To induce engines will also be fitted shortl}'. On fishermen to cure fish under hygienic this scheme Rs. o-ri lakh has been spent conditions in the Government fish against the programmed expenditure of curing yards the Government used to Rs. 1-39 lakhs. supply dut}-free salt to the curers but Deep-sea fishing.—To tap the rich with the abolition of the salt-tax this fisheries wealth of the deep seas off the concession was lost. But under the § 25 § Plan the Government have sanctioned the other van fishermen are carried w'ith a scheme for the supply of salt at their catches on payment of prescribed subsidized rate which resulted in a good fares from the fish landing centres to lot of fish being saved from spoilage. the consuming centres. About 230 tons Eight thousand five hundred and of fish have been transported against a fifty-four maunds of salt were issued to target of 1,150 tons and an amount of fishermen and 76,593 maunds of fish Rs. 8,ggo was collected towards the have been cured in the State-owned fish fares. Only Rs. o-ii lakli have been curing yards. The expendlure incurred spent against the programmed Rs. 6-20 under the scheme so far is Rs. 0-90 lakh lakhs. The heavy shortfall is accounted against the provision of Rs. i-6i lakhs. for by the fact that the scheme was not in operation in the State for more than Fish preservation.—A 2o-ton ice plant tw’o years. with 50 tons storage capacity has been received as gift under the Technical Supply of yarn to the fishermen.— Co-operation Aid. But it is proposed to The soaring prices of yarn during the instal this at Visakhapatnam and run it post-war period was beyond the icacb during the Second Five-Year Plan. A of the fishermen; they were unable to sum of Rs. 0-31 lakh has been spent on buy new nets and to renovate tire old the scheme against the provision of ones. The Government, therefore, Rs. 0-99 lakh. supplied yarn at subsidized rates which was discontinued from 31st March Provision of quick transport h c iliiie s .— 1953 consequent on the decontrol of Many fishing centres have little or no yarn. The expenditure under the communications to the marketing cen scheme was Rs. 0-46 lakh against the tres and large quantities of fish get programmed Rs. 4-50 lakhs. spoiled due to lack of adequate and quick transport facilides. Two vans have been Of the Plan provision of Rs. 20-95 introduced to provide for quick trans lakhs the expenditure up to 30th Sep port, of which one is an insulated van tember 1955 was only Rs. 4-79 lakhs. gifted to the State under the Technical The hea\y shortfall is largely due to Co-operation Aid in 1954. This will some of the unsuccessful schemes and be operated as soon as the approval of discontinuance of certain others during Government of India is obtained. In the middle of the plan period. 7. RURAL WELFARE SCHEME The Rural Welfare Scheme, having normal needs, was in operation in fifty- its aim as the alround development of three firkas at the time of the formation ihe villages in certain selected firkas and of the State. A sum of Rs. 95-27 lakhs to make them self-sufficient in all their was ear-marked for expenditure on this § 26 § scheme during the First Plan period. khapatnam district. The expenditure The scheme was subsequently merged incurred on this scheme so far was With the National Extension Ser\-ice and Rs. 45'CO lakhs. T h e poor expenditure the Commiinity Projects Schemes, in was due to the merger of the scheme in 47 firkas during April 1Q54, and five the National Extension Serv'iee and firkas in October 1954. T h e Rural \Vc\^ Communit\- Projects Schemes in the fare Schem e is now in force only in one middle of the Plan period itself. firka, nameh", Arakn Valle\- in the Visa- 97 IL Irrigation and Poiver 1. IRRIGATION N India, as in other countries, rixers the State’s utilization is less than 20 I ]ia\’C bad a powerful influence oi] million acres feet, the remaining 80 national and local life. Successful million acres feet cmpt\ing into the sea. agriculture in most parts of the coun- 'I’he Irrigation Flan of the State is of tr\ is not possible without the use of three categories—major, medium and river waters. 'I be large land resources minor. 'I'hc progress under minor irri- of India cannot be put to producti\e gatVvMi pToyc'cl's Ivas been outlined in use without a simultaneous de\elop- the earlier section under ‘/Vgriculture’. nient and use of the water resources. Tn fact, an integrated development of Major projects.—^^The six important the land and water resources of India is major irrigation prcijects taken up for of fundamental importance to the execution during the l^’irst Plan period country’s economy. Irrigation, or the a r e - artificial apj^lication of water to crops is Krishna Barrage Scheme; an old art in India; in manv parts it Tungabhadra Low Lc\el Canal began with agriculture itself. Project; Rallapdu Project (II Stage); Andhra State is rich in its w^ater Romperu Drainage Project; resources by its \’cr}- geographical posi tion in the map of the country. Two Upper Pennar Project; and of tlie biggest ri’/ers of the country— Bhairavanitippa Project. the Godavari and the Krishna—pass Of these three are intended to bene through the State. Besides these, there fit the Rayalaseema area and they will are a number of medium-sized rivers like help to some extent, to remove the Nagavalli, Vamsadhara, Tungabhadra spectre of famine from this area. and Pennar. Together with the 29 smaller rivers and streams the State KiishiTcL Barrage Scbein c.— Krishna possesses a rich water potential and is Barrage on the River Krishna at Vijaya- aptly called The River State.' These \ada costing Rs. 284 lakhs was sanc rivers of the State yield 150 million tioned in December 1953. The disaster acres feet of water of which 50 million caused by the unfortunate breach at the acres feet are likely to be utilized by Krishna Anicut in September 1952 the neighbouring states of Bombay, accentuated the need for this project. Mysore and Hyderabad. At present Besides ensuring safety to the existing 29 snicut and the Krishna delta as a whole, Main Ganal has been completed. Out this Barrage will supply water to an addi of the 74 numbers of miisonry works such tional extent of 1 lakh acres in the as aqueducts, under-tunnel escapes, etc., Krishna delta spread over Krishna and 46 have been completed. Snnilarly, Guntur districts. With this regulator, a under the Kurnool Branch Ganal which road bridge is also combined to connect is 30 miles in length, 74 per cent earth the Grand Northern Trunk Road. The work excavation iias been completed and works on Krishna Barrage arc in good pro out of 65 masonry works on this branch gress. Well sinking, concrete flooring canal 14 have already been completed. and aprons in the length of the piers The work on the major and minor dis taken up have been completed. Four tributaries IS almost completed while the spans of the scouring sluice, seven sp:ins localization of ayacut under the main of the regulator, the screw' bridge of the canal and the Kurnool branch has been Krishna western main canal and reinforc completed. One unit of tractor organi ed cement concrete roadway for six spans zation IS at work in Alur and Adoni taluks have all been completed. The works to help people to reclaim their lands are programmed to be completed by rapidly and bring them under cultivation. May 1957. An amount of Rs. 99-56 A total area of about 75,000 acres has lakhs has so far been spent. been got ready for irrigation this year in Andhra area. Tungabludra Project.—The Tunga- bhadra Low Level Canal was taken up The ultimate benefit of this project is by the Gomposite State in 1944. Gon- the production of 66,oco tons of food- sequent on the partition of the State and grains and 40,000 tons of commercial the merger of Bellary with Mysore, this crops. Besides, the hydro-electric side of project alvo had to be divided between the project will produce ultimately 66,coo Mysore and Andhra and a Gontrol Board volts of power which can best be utilized had to be formed to be in charge of the for lift irrigation, cottagc industries, rural common works and to settle general electrification and the like in Bellary, questions affecting both the States. The Anantapur, Kurnool and Guddapah dis Low Level Ganal is designed to serve an area of 248,500 acres on the right side tricts. Of the total provision of (Andhra-Mysore). The Tungabhadra Rs. 719-00 lakhs under this project Dam is India's largest stone masonry dam. Rs. 693-68 laklis have been spent up to The canal is intended to benefit the arid 30th September 1955. tracts of Alur, Adoni, Pattikonda and Kurnool taluks of Kurnool district bring Ralbpadu Projcct.—The works on the ing under irrigation an area of 1-56 Lkhs Rallapadu Project have been in various of acres. The project is expected to be stages of progress. Earthwork excava completed in all respects by June 1956. tion has been completed for the main So far as woiks lying solely in Andhra canal. In the regular portion masonry territory are concerned, 94 per cent of has been raided to level -f-102 and in the the earth work excavation of Low Level glaced portion levels have been raised 30 variously up to + 100= Tlie work is pro storage of 200 m.c.fh. (capacity 1,500 grammed to be physically completed by m.c.ft.) by throwmg a dam just above the end of this _\ear, but the fixation of the Bhaira\anitippa village in Kalyan- regulator shutters wdl take some time drug taluk of Anantapur district, and the due to lack of steel for the purpose. This exca\iition of the right sxle canal 19 project on rner Manneru when com miles long and the left side canal 26 pleted will irrigate 8,000 acres in the miles long will benefit 8,000 acres. The Nellore district. 'I'he programmed out area proposed to be brought under culti lay on this project is Rs. 50-00 lakhs of vation lies in the Rayadrug taluk and w'hich Rs. 43-91 lakhs have been spent. Kalyandrug taluk of Anantapur district. It w'dl, on completion, bring an addi Roinpcni Dnuiingc PTojcct.— This tional yield of 1,500 tons of foodgrains scheme was begun 111 1946 to improve per year. 'Fhough this project was sanc the existing drainage in the Krishna tioned by the Composite State in 1951 Western Delta and to afford relief to itself, the execution could not be started the submersion of the lands m the delta. pending conclusion of an agreement with I ’he project is neiring completion 'Ihe iXKsoie in legaid to the area liable for additional ayacut of 10,coo acres con submersion under this project, in the templated under the project has been Mysore State. The problem was divided into six blocks and works for vigorously pursued by the Government providing irrigation facilities to five of and it was in August 1954 that a satis them have been completed. Marginal factory agreement was reached between lands already relieved of submersion are the two States and the execution started also under irrigation. The programmed in Decem ber 1954. T h e scheme wall be expenditure on the project is Rs. 98 carried over to the Second Plan period lakhs of w’hich Rs. 57-12 lakhs was spent for com pletion. T ill 3ol;h SepLember up to 30th September 1955. 1955, Rs. 13-13 lakhs have been spent against the programmed outlav of Rs. 102 Upper PeniTcii Project.—The project lakhs. consists in the construction of a storage reservoir across river Pennar near Perm village in Dharmavaram taluk, Ananta- M e d i u m P r o j e c t s . pur district and the exca\'ation of a main channel 18 miles long on the right side of With a view to affording permanent the reservoir, for irrigation of about 6,000 relief to areas subject to frequent famine acres. This was taken up for execution and to increase the employment oppor in 1951 and is cxpected to be completed tunities, the Government of India set during the current year. An amount of apart in 1954 a loan of Rs. 40 crores for Rs. 90-71 lakhs has already been spent taking up medium sized irrigation pro on this project. jects in the States. The share of this State was fixed at Rs. 5 crores and under Bhairavanhippa Project.—This con this scheme, the following 17 projects sists in the formation of a reservoir, across were taken up by the State to benefit the Hasari or Vedavathi of an annual 155,700 acres. § 31 § Area to be Serial number and name of the scheme. District to be benefited. benefited, (acres.) (1) (2) (3) 1 K. C. Canal Improvement Kurnool and Cuddapah 100,000 2 Nagavalli right side channel 3 Narayanapuram Anicut J^Srikakulam 29,800 4 Yegavathi Anicut 5 Seethanagaram Anicut 6 Gambhiramgadda Reservoir Visakhapatnam 1,200 7 Bandakattu Channel remodelling West Godavari 2,700 8 Nakkalagandi Reservoir 9 Paleru Reservoir Nellore 4,200 10 Upputeru Lower Anicut 11 Kalangi Reservoir 1 12 Mallimadugu Reservoir J^Chittoor 5.600 13 Siddalagandi Reservoir J 14 Lower Sagilleru Project 1 C uddapah 6.600 15 Panchanadi Reservoir J 16 Vidyanarayanasw am igudi J^Anantapur 5,600 17 Chennarayaswamigudi J All the 17 medium projects excepting the plan period. Of the programmed the Kurnool-Cuddapah Canal improve outlay of Rs. 5 crores, expenditure up to ments and Narayanapuram anicut are 30th September 1955 amounted to expected to be completed by the end of Rs, 220-81 lakhs. 2. POWER PROJECTS Extension of electricity is basic to the Andhra State has been backward in development of the State and will consti the matter of electrical development, tute the foundation of future progress though its power resources are vast and particularly in the industrial field. The substantial. W ith an area of over 60,00c major irrigation programmes included in square miles which is about 5 per cent the Plan while stimulating agricultural of the whole of India, and with a popu development will also generate electri lation of over 2 crores which is about city as an integral part. Rural electrifica eighteenth of the country’s total, tion IS particularly important and must yVndhra State lias 15 per cent of India's be fullv assisted. u'ater resources which are capable of 32 * * A I'AXdR.WIH \ II U OC m i 111 I M.A\K lAIMIIIX I’.IM) l>! IHI Bll IK A\ AM II I’l > A 1’R()|I(I A CIOSI Vli;\V Oi: ‘ri/NC;AIiHAl)RA ANicirt. ■ IK r ‘- A i;ri \i \ n w oi^ xm; Ri;c;uLAroi;-(;iJM-HRiUGi; o\ i k tiii: K kish w yielding over one million kilowatts of Nellore I hermal Scheme; power. Till recently there has been only Chittoor District Scheme; meagre thermal power in the vState and the generation costs have been naturally Tungabhadra Common Works; and requisite for industrial advancement was heavy. Cheap hydro-power, a pre Scheme for expansion of power faci lacking and til’s has set the state in turn lities for increasing employment oppor backward in industrial dexelopment. tunities. The per capita consumption of electricity, winch is an index of prosperity, is at Mcichkiiud IlycIro Elcctric Schcme.— present only of the order of 5 units which 'The scheme is designed to harness the is \ er\' low compared to 16 and 44 of the waters of the M aclikund r^\er which ad\anced states like Madras and Mysore forms the boraidary bet\\een Andhra and rcspectivel}. Orissa States and develop power on the Prior to the t'ommencenient of the right l:ank of the river near Duduma plan period, i.e., April iqsi, the total falls where a drop of 850 feet is a\'ail- installed capacity in the State was 21,400 able. lire hrst stage of tiie scheme pro- KW. comprising 16-25 MW. of steam \'ides for an installed generatnig capacity and 5-15 MW. of diesel and oil sets. of 51,000 KW and the ultimate installed 'Fhe number of villages and towns elec ca}xicit\- is 102,000 KW . trified was 205. Apart from the power available from the generating stations 'Ilic project is taken up for execution existing in the State, hydro-power is under an agreement between Madras, being purchased from the neighbouring no^^■ .Andhra, and Orissa States, the capi states to the extent of 2-7 MW' from tal outlay and power output being Mysore and 3-4 MW from Madras. shared in the ratio of 70; 30 respectively. Under the same agreement the Govern With the formation of the Andhra ment is responsible for the construction, State, the plan of the State was revised operation and maintenance of all works and recast to form a coherent and com connected with the project. The main pact plan taking into account the special civil and electrical w-orks of the project needs of the new-born state. For this like camps, roads, diversion dam, tun purpose, the State was di\ided into four nel pond dam, flume channels, tunnels, power zones, namely, TMachkund, Tunga- power house building, outdoor trans bhadra, Nellore ancl Chittoor, each zone former yard, tail race, etc., have all been constituting its own source or sources of completed. The main 132 KV trunk supph. T h e revised plan as finally- transmission lines from Machkund in the approved b\- the Planning Commission north to Ongole in the south with a 66 consists of the following six schemes and KV inter-connecting line to Nellore have amounts to Rs. 2,553 laW^s: — also been completed. The five major 132 Machkund Hydro-thermal Scheme; KV sub-stations, viz., Nellimarla, Simha- Tungabhadra Mydro-lliennal chalam, Bommur, Bhimadole and Guna- Scheme; dala are iii operation. Work is in 33 § progress on two more major hydro sub provision of Rs. 1,590 lakhs. 'i’his stations ill the area, viz., Tadepalii and project is being financed entirely from Ongole. State funds. 'I'ungabhadra Hydro-Elcctric Scheinc 'The first generating unit of 17,000 KV .—The scheme en\isages developing of eapaeity at Maehkund was commissioned the firm power of 32,000 KW from reeently and pow’er from it was switched the irrigation w’aters let down from the on to Andhra State on igth August 'Fungabhadra dam into the irrigation 1955, by Rashtrapathi Dr. Rajendra canal on the Andhra-Mysore side. The Prasad. The second generating unit has power IS proposed to be developed at also been commissioned in December two pow'er houses, one at the foot of 1955 and the third unit will follow the dam and the other at Hampi 14 shortly. miles down below the dam. Conse- cjueiit on the formation of Andhra State Maehkund Hydro power is now and the transfer of 7 taluks of Bellary available from Srikakulam in the north district to Mysore, the projcct has up to the distant Nellore district in the become a joint venture of the Andhra south, thus covering the entire coastal and Mysore Governments and is under belt of Andhra State. Vijayawada, the control of the Tungabhadra Board. Visakhapatnam and Nellore steam sta 'Fhe tW'O Governments, Andhra and tions and Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Mysore, share tentatively the capital Kakinada and Rajahmundry diesel sta outlay on the project and the benefits tions which functioned as the pilot therefrom in the ratio of 80: 20 res generating stations in the Maehkund pectively. Agreement between the two power zone to cater to and dev^elop load Governments as regards the allocation till Maehkund Hydro-Electric Power is of expenditure and power will have to available, are to be only stand-by sta be entered into. The first stage of the tions from the commencement of scheme included under the First Five- Maehkund power. But, till the com Year Plan envisages four generating pletion of the Jalaput Dam at Mach- units of 9,000 KW each, two at Dam kund by December 1957, to form the powder house and two at canal power main storage reservoir, the rated out house. put of three generating units will not be continuously available throughout Temporary and permanent camps and the year and the steam stations will buildings required, have been com have to firm up the hydro power till pleted. The work on the power houses, then by w'orking for about six months tail race and forebay, etc., is in good in the year. Later, they would act as progress. The machines have all been standby to hydro plant. ordered and received at site. The 66 KV double circuit lines from Dam lire actual expenditure incurred on Power House to Ilampi Pow'er House the scheme is Rs. 1,515 lakhs up to 30th and from Hampi Power House to September 1955 out of a total plan Bellary have been completed. § 34 § 'riie schcinc is expected to be com- Nelloie ThcniTdl Schcuie.— l'hc inissioiiecl towards early in 1957. The scheme is to generate and supply power project feeds Ciiddapah, Kiirnool, to the extent of 5,000 KW for use in Anantapur and Chittoor districts in Nellore district. The first stage of the Andhra State from Bellary sub-station. scheme has almost been completed and I'he total amount spent on the the power plant consisting of two 2,500 project up to 30th September 1955 is KW transportable sets with oil fired Rs. 192 lakhs out of a total plan pro boilers was commiisioned in October vision of Rs. 321 lakhs (Andhra share). 1950 and IS in service since then. In 'Jlie revised cost of the common works the original scheme 2 numbers 1,500 according to the latest estimates KW sets were proposed to be transferred amounts to Rs. ^700 lakLs out of which from Vijayawada Power tiouse to Nel Andhra share is Rs. 560 lakhs. lore. In the revised scheme, it is p o- poscd to inter-connect Vijayawada and 'i’nnga.bhadra Hydro'hcrimiJ S'jhcme: Nellore power stations through a 66 KV 'rhe scheme invohes the construction line from Oigole to Ndlorc and to of a power transmission grid connecting instal a coal fired boiler of 60,000 lb. Bellary sub-s'ation w'ith the consuming hour capacity at Nellore. This is due to centres in Anantapur, Kurnool Cud- the technical difficulties in transferring dapah and Chittoor districts. 1,500 KW sets from Vijayawada. The 'i'he 66 KV lines under this scheme inter-connection proposed in the revised from Bellary to Guntakal, Gooty, Cud- scheme enables Nellore district to receive dapah and Renigunta and from Gooty Machkund-PIydro supply. to Kurnool have all been almost com lire Nellore-Ongole 66 KV line has pleted. The work on the grid sub almost been completed. The 66 KV stations is also in good progress. The line from Gudur to Nayudupeta entire transmission and distribution has also been completed. Works on system is expected to be ready by the other transmission lines and sub-stations end of the year when the Tungabhadra arc in progress. Orders have been placed hydro-power is expectcd to be available. for the coal fired boiler of 60,000 lb. The Tungabhadra Power zone is at hour capacity and this is now under present fed by the pilot diesel stations at erection. Kurnool, Nandyal, Cuddapah, Prod- A sum of Rs. 63 lakhs has so far been datur, Anantapur, Tadpatri and Kadiri spent on the scheme out of the total aggregating to about 5,000 KV of plan provision of Rs. 93 lakhs. installed capacity. Also the )og and Sivasamudram hydro supplies feed this Chittoor District Scheme.—This area to the extent of 2,000 KW at scheme has been sanctioned with a view' Bellary and 700 KW at Hindupur. The to serving the needs of Chittoor district total amount spent on the scheme up to which being a part of the Mettur sys 30th September rg55 is Rs. 302 lakhs tem prior to the formation of Andhra out of a plan provision of Rs. 330 lakhs. State, was receiving hydro-supply from § 35 § 3a Mettur system in the Composite State, A sum of Rs. 40 lakhs has been spent After the formation of Andhra State, up to the end of 30th September 1955 power to a maximum of 3,400 KW is out of a total loan assistance of Rs. 128 being purchased from Mettur system lakhs. 'The balance amor.nt is proposed for distribution in this district. To to be fully spent l:efore the plan period. meet the future loads of the district and to facihtate inter-change of power the I'he total cost of the l^’irst h’ne-Year scheme envisages inter-connect.on of Plan is Rs. 2,553 l^ikhs and a sum of this zone with Ncllorc and I ’unga- Rs. 2.170 lakhs has been spent up to 30th bhadra. One pilot diesel station of September 1955 which forms 85 per cent 730 KW capacity was put into opera of the total plan amount, 'i'he plan tion at Madanapalli and another of amount will be full\- spent during the 4,000 KW capacity is being commis balance half of 1955-56. sioned at Renigunta to tide o\er the power shortage till Tungabhadra h\dro- I’he progress achie\ed in the First power is available. Work on a number Inve-Year Plan is quite remarkable and of 11 KV lines and distribution lines is it may be said that the electrical deve in good progress in the district. Work lopment has particularly accelerated on the major transmission lines and since the formation of .Andhra State. sub-stations is in progress. 'Fhe total In \'iew of lack of hyclro-powcr 111 the amount so far spent 011 the scheme up State, the target date for commissioning to 30th September 1955 is Rs. 59 lakhs Machkund was adxanced b\- one year. out of a plan pro\ ision of Rs. gi lakhs. Building up of distribution net w'ork and rural electrification ha\'e been carried Scheme for expdiision of power facili out at a quicker pace and a grid system ties for increasing employment opportu developed for the State. nities.— Under this scheme, the Central Government have granted a loan assist ■\t tlie end of the plan, a further ance of Rs. 128 lakhs for eleven rural generating capacity of 47-7 M W (hydro extensions in the State for increasing and thermal) would be brought into employment opportunities. Seven die operation. Vive thousand and seven sel generating stations and four major hundred miles of transmission and dis distributions covering about 120 villages tribution lines also would be in opera in Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, East tion. A total number of 710 towns and Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Anantapur, \illages would be receiving electric and Chittoor districts are included in supph'. 'Phe per capita consumption these schemes. in the State would rise to 10 units. A system of electrifying rural and important Three diesel stations at Bhadrachalam, towns like taluk headquarters remote Tekkali and Kadiri have so far been from existing power lines by installing commissioned. Work on others is in small diesel stations, is introduced in the good progress. plan period. § 36 § \'\\i)V \i L)u:si;i, Si AiiON, I ’he First !''i\c-Yair Plan has to its tension 132 KV^ and 65 KV’ Liansmissioii credit the commissioning of Machkiind lines and 33 KV and 11 KV distribution Project, the first liydro-electric project of lines running across the State from \ndhra, which marks a new era in the Ichapuram in tlie north to Rayalaseema electrical de\eloprnent by commencing down south. With all this, the First Indro generation and the commissioning I''i\e-Year Plan for power projects may of 132 K\" transmission lines, the first be said to ha\c formed just a foundation highest voltage in South India. 'The for further dc\'elopment m the State, in Andhra grid is taking shape with liigli the Second l'’jve-Year Plan. § 37 § Ill, Industries 1. INDUSTRIES h o u g h speci'.il evoDhas’S Ii't: ^ —'1 in-, a traininq course of one year's dura T laid oil Agricu.lturc and Rural tion in the following subjects has been devclopineiit and iieccssarv basic opened in tlie Andhra Polytechnic— services like irrigation and power, indus (1) Mcinure r'ishnig and Navigation. trial dc\’clopinent is of equal iniportancc (2) Inland Pisciculture. to the State, notwithstanding that (3) I^'isheries biology. the large scale industr\- has been (4) Boat building and iiet-making. left by and large to the central i welvc drillers were also trained out sector as suppleinentar\' to the efforts of of 18 programmed in the plan. private enterprise. 'The First Five-Year Permanent buildings were constructed Plan has not envisaged an\- major indus at a cost of Rs. i6---4 lakhs for the tries in the ]5ahlic scctor but consists of Andhra Polytechnic at Kakinada. The a number of schemes whicli relate to the Polytechnic at X^uyviir is located in the training of skilled workers, etc., research buildings of the A.G. Technological in oil technology, block glass manu Association, Vuy\ur and there is a pro facture and a few small scale posal to shift this polytechnic to a cen industries. trally situated industrial town. These Polytechnics.—For development of polytechnics ha\e been provided with industries, skilled workers in various equipment worth Rs. 6-8g lakhs. crafts and trade and subordinate auxiliar\- Rs. 23-01 lakhs were spent up to 30th engineering personnel are required in September 1955, against a plan provision large numbers. Two polytechnics at of Rs. 40-81 lakhs. Kakinada and Vuyyur which impart Oil Tcchnologiccil Institute, Ananta- industrial education have been function pur.— An Oil 1 echnological Institute at ing from the beginning of the plan Anantapur \^^as established with the sole period, llie}' have made substai'itial object of carrying out research in oil progress in the field of industrial educa technology and training candidates in the tion. The total number of admissions field of oil technolog}- to meet the to the various diploma and certificate growing needs of \ egetable oil in the courses during the years were 276 in South. Research schemes on the 1951-52; 240 in 1952-53; 291 in 1953-54; improvement of oil milling methods and 335 in 1954-55; and 627 in 1955-56. utilization of cotton seed oil are some of With a view to enable fishermen the items of research which have been children passing out of the fisheries undertaken by this institute. Four elementary schools to get a special train- research papers ha\’C so far been published § 39 § ^ and two papers are ready for publica There is a Governm ent Ceram ic tion. A diploma course in oil technology Factory at Gudur and it is at present of three years’ duration was started but manufacturing sanitary and crocker)' was discontinued due to very poor wares. response from candidates. A permanent Sm all scale industries.— I'he import building on the lines of the most modern ance of small scale industries in the technological laboratories of the Depart predominantly agricultural economy of ment of Agriculture, Goxernment of this country needs no o\'cr emphasis. United States was constructed at a cost The directive principles of State policy of Rs. 3-00 lakhs and is well equipped at in the Constitution of India laid down a cost of Rs. 4-63 lakhs with all facilities that the operation of the economic sys for conduct of advanced applied and tem should not result in the concentra theoretical research in oil technology. tion of wealth and means of production Block Glass Factory, Gudur.—In to the common detriment. What is Chittooi district, there are about 10,000 required for economic development in a families manufacturing glass beads, the democratic country is a diffusion of w’hole of which is marketed in North sources of power and instruments of India. These workers were totally production, which release new springs of dependent on supplies of raw glass from energy among the people and make them North Indian factories. Therefore a participate actively, in however small a Block Glass Factory has been established sphere, in the function of a planned at Gudur and has gone into production. economy. This can be achieved to a It is expected to produce about 500 tons large extent through small scale indus of block glass every year which will meet tries which provide subsidiary or alter the requirements of all the glass bead native occupations and utilize local workers of Andhra. raw materials or cater to local markets. Rupees 1-53 lakhs w'ere spent up to As many of the small scale industries 30th September 1955 against the plan are urban and are owned and run by provision of Rs. i-o6 lakhs. small proprietors who are conversant with Besides the plan schemes, the Govern the techniques of production, they are ment have taken up certain major an important source of employment to schemes outside the plan, which are the middle classes. Rapid development given below— in this field is essential to solve the prob lem of unemployment and the State has The Andhra Paper Mill, Rajah- sanctioned the following schemes in mundry a private concern, went into liquidation. In order to develop paper August 1955: — industry, the mill was purchased in 1948 I. Service Schemes— by the Government and was improved (1) Scheme for the manufacture of at a cost of Rs. 25 lakhs. The present Scientific Glass appartus at Gudur. capacity of the mill is 2,000 tons of paper per year. It is proposed to increase its (2) Scheme for shifting of the pot- production capacity to 8,000 tons a year. terv training centre, Rajahmundrv, to the § 40 ()\i oi nil. ^ o K K s i i o ’ r x n s oi A x n iiiix Poi ^ 111 i im c , K,\kin\I)a Sa m ,\i.KOI I’o r n n n I'r a i m .nc; C i m k i :. 4 site of the ceramic service centra at (2) Production-cum-training centre Rajaliinimdr}-. for tanning and manufacture of foot ware (3) Starting of a tia'ning-cum-pro- at Eluru. duction unit for stoneware and earthen (3) Setting up of a model le'ither ware products at Vizianagarain. goods manufacturing unit at Vijayawada. (4) Estabhshment of a training-curn- (4) Starting of a m*del tannery in production unit for stoncnvare and Anantapur district, and earthenware products at Anakapalli. (5) Establishment of a production- cnni-training centre in carpentry at (5) Estabhshment of training-cum- Visakhapatnam. production unit for the manufacture of crayons and other plaster products. III. Commercial Schemes— (6) Estabhshment of six production- (a) Starting of a tile-traniing-cum- cnrn-training centres in Blacksmithy at pr;)duction centre at Pendurthi. Srikakulam, Eluru, Gnntur, Kurnool, (b) Establishment of a saw mill-cum- Cuddapah and Nellore. timbcr seasoning plant at RajahmvAidiy. [j) Estabhshment of a production- (c) Establishment of a factory for cum-training centre for moulders at the manufacture of stoneware pipes at Vijayawada, and Rajahmundry (8) Establishment of six production- (d) Establishm ent of tw'o general cum-training centres in carpentry at purpose workshops one in Cuddapah and Srikakulam, Guntur, Kurnool, Cuddapah the other in West Godavari, and and Nellore. (e) Establishment of a production II. Partly tniining and partly commer centre for the manufacture of belts, nuts cial schemes— and rivets at Visakhapatnam. (1) Establishment of a production- The total outlay under this Plan cum-training centre for ceramic-ware at amounts to Rs. 50-74 lakhs of which Dronachalam. Rs. 31-82 lakhs were so far spent. 2. COTTAGE INDUSTRIES The Cottage Industries play an limited market created for them by the important part in rural development. mill goods. If agriculture is to be I'hey flourished well in the past and rationalized, means for absorbing surplus formed the backbone of the Indian workers who will be in large numbers economy. As in other parts of India, have to be found. Thus there will be the cottage crafts in this State also a need for solving a vast human and received a setback due to the competition economic problem in rural areas which of large-scale industries and several other can best be tackled through schemes of factors of which the principal factors were village and rural industries. the lack of finance with workmen and § 41 § Ill the past there was no organized improved methods of manufacture of system of training for village artisans. glass bangles and beads. The Block glass For the greater part, crafts were chosen which IS the chief raw material required on the basis of caste and skills were for the glass bangle and bead industry is passed on from one person to another. supplied from the Government Block These methods proved inadequate against glass plant at Gudur. the competition which village crafts had Coir iiidusiry .—Coccuut husk is pro to face, so that new products came into duced in considerable quantities in the the village market and tended to replace coastal districts of the Andhra State but the old. With tools of new types almost the whole of it is wasted as the coming into increas'ng use, for instance, people are not familar w^ith the proper in agricultural operations, the demand for methods of extraction of fibre. A Coir the services of local artisans has further Industrial School has, therefore, been diminished. Great emphasis has, there run at Baruva in Srikakulam district from fore, to be laid on training programme. 1949, to impart training in all aspects of The Plan accordingly provides for a few coir uidustry from the stage of retting trailing programmes besides regular husk to the manufacture of mats and cottage industries schemes. mattings. S u R V K Y OF C o t t a g e I n d u s t r i e s . The strength of the school is 30 and The Composite Madras State under a .stipend of Rs. 12 per mensem is paid took on ist July 1952, the survey of to each student. I ’hc certificates issued Cotcage Industries in certain districts of by this institution are recognized by the the State and completed the survey on Education Department as a sufficient 3o!:h Novem ber 1953. T h e Krishna, G u n qualification for appointment as prevo- tur dis':ricts and Adoni taluk in the cational instructors in rope making. Kurnool district of Andlira area Vvere The Coir Industrial School is at surveyed. This niformation assists the present located in a building belonging State Government to formulate well- to the old customs house situated in the thought out schemes for the develop foreshore of Baruva. Construction of ment of coL'tage industries. permanent buildings for the school has been taken up for execution at an esti T r a in i n g . mated cost of Rs. 59,000. Bdiigie 'cind Bead Industry.— T o give A soaking and retting centre also has a fillip to the indigenous glass bangle been started at Antarvedi, Razole taluk, and bead industry, four glass bangle and East Godavari district. A yarn unit will bead training centres have been opened be attached to it shortly. at Gudur in Nellore di'rtrict, Simha- chalam in Visakhapatnam district, Leather Industry.— In order to train Renigunta in Chittoor district and the local tanners in improved methods Guttur in Anantapur district. Training of tanning, flaying, etc., and in the manu s given for a period of one \ear in the facture of leather goods, two peripatetic § 42 tanning demonstration parties have been G o v e r n m e n t K hadi Sc h e m e . started. One is now at Chem knpalli in Guntur district and the other at Adoni Hand spinning of yarn and hand-looni in Kurnool district. Each party is industr\- together go to make up khadi stationed generally for a period of one industry. Hand spinning provides sub \ear at each centre. Twelve students sidiary and useful occupation both for are usually admitted for training at each men and w’omen in villages as well as in centre and a stipend for Rs. 12 per men towns, it has been practised as a subsi sem to each student is paid. Ninet\-t\vo diary occupation from time immemorial. students have so far reccA^ed the training. It more or less died out after the advent of cotton mills but it has been revived Po'tcTv Industry.— Andhra is rich in as a result of the “Swadeshi" movement clay but little attempt has been made sponsored by Mahatma Gandhi, the to utilize it properly. A training centre Tather of the Nation. The All-India was started to train the potters in Spinners’ Association and Khadder Pro impro\ed techniques of pot-makiiig and pagandists have been largely responsible in the manufacture cf cci^mies. A foi dcvdoping Ihis WcTOd spo Ceramic Institute was established iling requires little capital, training or at Oudur to supph- trained personnel of technical skill and can therefore be supervisory grade for training the pot undertaken even by the poorest. It can ters. The construction of Ceramic be taken up and left off at any stage. Service Centre which would supply The Khadi Scheme w^as originally fac'or\'-made clay mixtures and glazers formulated in 1946-47 as a part of the of the standard type to the small manu comprehensive plan w'hich the Madras facturers of ceramic products has been Composite Government had in view to comoleted and it is expected to go into make the villages self-sufficient economic production as soon as arrangements for units. A sum of Rs. 1 crore was allotted vvater and power supply are completed. for its promotion out of the special fund of Rs. 4 crores contributed for village up M.\ r k e t i n g . lift. The scheme consisted of two parts — Intensive and Extensive. The Inten One of the major problems affecting sive part was designed to be worked in the development of cottage industries is certain selected centres and the the absence of an effective marketing Extensive part was for paving, the way organization. The artisan fails to get for introduction of the Intensive scheme the best price for his goods being unable in due course. to advertise his wares properly. Two regional musuems one at Anantapur The main object of the Intensive and another at Rajahmundry have been Khadi Scheme is to attain self-sufficiency started to remove this handicap to in cloth in terms of khadi in villages some extent. A sales emporium is included in the centres by producing attached to the musuem at Anantapur sufficient cloth for the entire population. and cottage industries products are sold. Charkas and implements are supplied to § 43 § the spinners at cost price which will be from them, besides encouraging the recovered in instalments. Cotton is also growth of the spirit of self-help, initi supplied to those who are in need of it ative and ambition in the rural popula at cost price and a subsidy of Rs. 2-8-0 tion by affording them an opportunity per charka is granted. The spinners are to acquire higher operative knowledge, expected to utilize the yarn they produce skill and practice in industries. The for the clothing needs of their families scheme was introduced in Nellore taluk first and to sell surplus yarn to Govern but did not prove successful owing to ment. The yarn purchased is converted poor quality of staff. into cloth. S c h e m e f o r t h e development o f The Intensive scheme was introduced BASIC AND v i l l a g e INDUSTRIES. in four centres, viz., (1) Kota-uratala m Visakhapatnam , (2) Santhanuthalapadu T’he scheme for development of basic in Guntur, (3) Yerragondapalem , and and village industries was introduced in (4) Koilkuntla in Kurnool. There are the State. It consisted of three parts. 19 sub-centres under these four centres The first related to supply of raw mate serving 221 villages. These centres with rials at cost price to village artisans, the stocks and staff have been handed over second to distribution of improved tools to the All-India Khadi and Village and implements to village artisans and Industries Board in May 1955. the third to open a model centre for village industries in Gopannapalem. Under the Extensive Khadi Scheme, The first two parts were abandoned from the charkas are supplied to self-spinners about April 1953 and only the third is at half the prices of charkas. Spinners being continued. are also supplied with other implements and cotton, wherever necessar}' at cost S u b s i d i z e d S c h e m e s . price and facilities are provided to enable them to weave their yarn into Co-operative societies.— T o give cloth. Subsidy is given to self-spinners momentum to the activities of the cot as in the case of intensive scheme. This tage industries co-operatives in the State, scheme has also since been transferred subsidies are given to deserving societies to the All-India Khadi and Village for purchase of equipment, appliances, Industries Board. etc., and for meeting establishment and contingent charges. The payment of Rupees 10-41 lakhs was spent up to subsidy is subject to condition that 50 30th September 1955 against the provi per cent of it should be met by t:ie sion of Rs. 6-g lakhs in the Plan. society concerned. I ’he plan provided Rs. o-8o lakh for payment of subsidjes S ir V isw esw arayya ’ s S c h e m e . to be met entirely by the State Govern This aims at bringing about intensive ment. Against this, a sum of Rs. 0-19 development of small scale or rural lakh has been spent . industries in every village in the State in Palm-gUT Industry.—With the intro order to incrc^ase production and income duction of prohibition, the tappers ha/c § 44 § t i p n i i L .1. 1 / M i ( ii.wK Ai I:\c.iM;i;iiixc; Sh i)i :m ‘,s oi- Poi \nc.iiMc: and T r a im :i:s o i- Indi sikiai T hAIMNC ('iX IR r AT WORK ON MACIUNliS, I.ATIIIiS, liTf,. K aKINAUA (;oIR TrAIMNG CJiXFR}: making ROl’l / been thrown out of employment. I ’o methods of manufacturing jaggery with provide alternative employment for the improved appliances, etc., has been ex-tappers, the Government permitted employed. A special staff of 27 Senior the tapping of palm-trees for manu Inspectors of Co-operatne Societies has facture of jaggery. Licences for this been appointed to supervise the working purpose were issued only to ex-tappers of the societies. Eight thousand, one who formed themselves into palm-jag- hundred and ninety-six ex-tappers against gery co-opcratA'es. llie jaggery produced the target of 27,540 tappers received training in improved methods of by these persons in earthen pots by old manufacturing refined jaggery. methods is crude and it is not readily marketable. Therefore a special staff of The expenditure on the cottage indus one Deputy Palm-gur Organizer and tries Plan schemes up to 30th September nine Palni'gur Instructors to give train 1955 was Rs. 21-11 lakhs against the ing to ex-tappers in the improved provision of Rs. 46-34 lakhs. § 45 § IF. Transport ItOAD DKVELOPiMEM' o a d s arc a scr\icc f{)r all forms of Ks. 248-36 lakhs. Three schemes, R devclopiiieiit, whctlier of agncul- State h:ghwa\'s, Other roads, and 'I'ools turc trade or industry. "iaking and Plant were formulated and ha\e the area of the eouiitry and the popula been in progressive implementation tion into consideration, the total mileage (luring the plan period. of roads in existence at present is S'.'citc Rocids.— 'lliis scheme contem admittedh short of reqnnement. After plates the de\elopment of all roads in the advent of railwa\s, development of clvATge vA t\\e State Guvcm m c'iit ioi roads did not receive adec|uate attention which a plan pro\is:on of Rs. 126-15 until the constitution of the Central lakhs has been made. The targets put Road h’und in 1929. The modern motor forth under the scheme are formation transport requires roads v.ith easier of 25 miles of new roads, upgrading a curves, wider formations, stronger crusts length of 194 miles of existaig roads to and smoother surfaces. The traffic on better standards, provision for construc the road is steadily increasing and the tion of bridges and cuKcrts at a cost weight and range of transport vehicles of Rs. 47-50 lakhs and for execution of is appreciably greater than it used to be. other impro\ ement work like strengthen 'I he Nagpur Report on the I’ost-war ing of culverts, etc., at a cost of Road Development of 1943 (the Nagpur Rs. 26-07 kikhs. An amount of Flan) visualised the development of Rs. 116-58 lakhs has been spent on this roads, m a period of 10 years, of a total scheme up to 30th September 1955 and mileage of hard surface roads from about the plan provision in full is likely to 64,000 miles to 122,000 miles of low be utilized before March 1956. Against type roads from about 112,000 to the target stated above, 25/2 miles of 207,500 miles and tlie improvement of new roads were formed, a length of 178 existing roads wherever necessary, so that miles of roads was upgraded, bridges and the road system would cater for antici culverts estimated at Rs. 36-83 lakhs pated traffic needs for the next 20 years. were constructed as also other works cost The development of the National High ing Rs. 4-09 lakhs were completed by ways under the Five-Year Plan is closeh' 30th September 1955. linked with the improvement of State Other Roads.—The local bodies woulc roads. not be able to make any headwa}’ if In the Andhra State, the Road Deve the cost of implementation of the Post lopment Plan is of the order of war Road Development Programme is 47 to be met from their own resources. to start a Soil’s laboratory similar to that The State Government have been pro in the M adras State. viding to each District Board partial or N'dtioiVcil Highways.— National High- full grants, depending upon the import wa)’s are main Highwa\s serving pre ance of the scheme and the financial dominantly the roads running through position of the Board concerned. An the length and breadth of India which amount of Rs. 67-21 lalclis has been together form a system connecting provided as the State’s share of expen major ports, foreign highways. Capitals diture on this scheme. The scheme of States and including highways for contemplated to form 1,690 miles ot strategic movements for the defence of new roads, upgrading 477 miles of exist India. Prominent among the works ing roads to better standards, construc undertaken in this centralh' financed tion of bridges costing of Rs. i8-oo schemes are the black-topping of stret lakhs and execution of other improve ches of Madrs-Calcutta Road and ment work at a cost of Rs. 8-15 lakhs. Benaras-Cape Comer Road from Paucity of finances on the part of the Kurnool to Mysore frontier and con District Boards impeded the progress of structing five bridges to be found in the the scheme; such of the schemes as above National Highwa\'s. The outlay could be brought to a safe stage were in these works on the National High undertaken with Government grants. ways total up to Rs. 193 lakhs and the The achievements under this scheme work is in various stages of progress. arc, the formation of 659 miles of new The Government of India have also roads, upgrading by metalling of 313 approved schemes for development of miles of roads, construction of bridges roads other than National Highways to and culverts costing Rs. 48-03 lakhs and the tunc of Rs. ioo-i6 lakhs, important necessary improvements on roads cost among these are—The formation of ing Rs. 6-93 lakhs. roads (1) from Dornal to Srisailam, (2) Tools and P h u t.— Under this scheme from Maredumalli to Chintur and it w'as proposed to acquire necessary (3) from C hintur to Kunavaram. O f machinery and tools for the efficient these the first scheme gives access to execution of w^orks. A provision of Srisailam, the important place of Rs. 55 lakhs has been made in the Plan pilgrimage. The last tw'O give an outlet under this scheme of which Rs. 35-57 to the \'ast agency tracts of East Goda lakhs has so far been spent. A separate vari district and also open up a route to transport and machinery division with another nnportant pilgrimage centre, a workshop has been recently established Badrachalam. The work on the above at Vijayawada and steps are being taken scheme is well under progress. 48 liil ^ r'lsi i.oAOiN'c (')P ONI oi: nu- 1' i i :k s o i - i'h i ; IRKrnci; in K r i s h n a DisiKir.r. I’ll I AIM Ri Bi I*-' scittI vi?«I5|3 II Ff-sr i.oAOiNC or o\i' o f t h i -; s p a n s o i ' t h e C h a m i *a \a t h i B r i d c i - i \ V isakhapatnam D i s t r u n . «&2«s ^»ah Shti>,& rj-jjilisiaettft#*, 30-12-195* tSSS.W5»4^)». ---|fc~- ».<3»v»«a)l» # 1 ^ l JUl liiu x Assi \mij 1) ,\i r m : Hi.i m ! \tarv Sc.h o o i ,, K a n a i.apali i-, S **V m ' V, Social Services, 1. EDUCATION ** DUCATION is of basic importance schools. With relaxation of these Ei in the planned dc\clopnicnt of a restrictions, it is expected tliat the nation and in a democratic set up, progress will be inach better before the the role of education bccomes cruc.al, close of the Plan period. Of the since democracy can f;,nction effectively programmed expenditure of Rs. 1,82-80 through intelligent participation of the lakhs under primary education, mas'es in the aflairs of the country. Rs. 1,23-10 lakhs have so far been 'Fhe development si'hcmcs of tlie State expended. under ‘Education/ during the h'irst II. Secondary E ducation.—For some Five-Year Plan were onlv a contaiuation years past there has been persistent of the Post-war Development Scheincs criticism of the existing syslem of formulated bel’ore 1951. secondary education—its unilinear I. Primary 2nd Basic Education.— character— its literary bias and its declin When the country became independei':t ing standards. Its objectives, it was and barely 30 per cent of the children of is felt, are narrowly conceived and for the age-group 6-11 were in schools of one majority of pupils It seems to lead to a kind or other. This was a deplo able dead end for they are fitled neither for state of affairs to a eo mtry which higher education nor owing to the believed in and out to build a democra comparative absence of vocational train tic social order. In this Stt:te there ing at the secondary stage, for a career. were about 16 lakhs of pupils in the To remove some of the manifest difficul primary and other schools during ties of the system 13 Secondary schools 1951-52. The First Plan has provided w'cre selected in the State during 1954-55 for improving the existing system of for diversified course through intro primary edueatioii and expanding the duction of vocational training so as to basic system which is the accepted enable them to be fit for a vocation at pattern for children of age-group 6 to the end of the secondary stage. Another 14. During the Plan period it has been 13 centres are proposed to be taken up proposed to open 1,592 schools— 1,071 under this scheme during the current primary and 521 basic schools in the year. Against the allotment of Rs. 1-59 school-less centres. Of these, only 910 lakhs an expenditure of Rs. 0-97 lakh schools could be opened up to 30th has so far been incurred. September 1955 as there w^ere some In order to reorient the Secondary restrictions in opening new elementary Education, the Secondary Education § 49 § Commission has made certain other useful citizens and to lessen the burden recommendations. To implement them on their guardians, two schools for such the following schemes are taken in the defectives have been established in the S ta te ; — State. Grants are also given to private schools for the defectives under the Establishment of multi-purpose scheme. The expenditure under the schools. scheme up to 30th September 1955 Improving the existmg facilities for works to Rs. 1-02 lakhs against the Plan teaching science in 15 High provision of Rs. 3-01 lakhs. schools. Training.—The expansion of Primary Improvement of teaching in 90 and Basic Education is dependent on existing high schools. the availability of adequate number of Improvement of school libraries in properly trained personnel with 15 multi-purpose schools. knowledge of improved technique and Introduction of Craft Education methods. Fifty additional classes in in 20 middle schools. non-basic training and 12 basic train Training of Craft Inspectors at the ing schools were started in 1950-51 but Government Training College. they could not meet the needs in full. Fourteen new Basic schools have, there Improvement of Government fore, been proposed in the Plan of Training College for Women at which eight schools were established by Rajahmundry. March 1955 and three more opened in Conducting refresher courses. 1955-56. The expenditure incurred up University Education.—The demand to 30th September 1955 was Rs. 38-25 for Secondary Education after the lakhs which has already exceeded the advent of independence has led to a Plan provision of Rs. 33-33 lakhs. proportionate demand for higher educa The availability of suitable literature tion especially technical education. for promotion of basic education needs The State has, therefore, taken up the no over-emphasis. Preparation of such improvement of the Engineering literature with a provision of Rs. o-2c Colleges at Kakinada and Anantapur at lakh has been undertaken. an estimated cost of Rs. 43-46 lakhs for the Plan period of which Rs. 32-18 lakhs A post-graduate training course in have already been spent up to 30th Basic Education was also introduced and September 1955; 970 students were a model basic school of the Senior grade trained against the programmed 960. in the Government Basic Training School was opened at Pentapadu. An To serve the needs of the Rayalaseema expenditure of Rs. 0-35 lakh was area, a separate University was establish incurred against the Plan provision of ed at Tirupathi in 1954. Rs. 0-47 lakh. Special Schools.—To help the deaf, Adult and Social Education.— W ith a the dumb and the blind to become view to eradicate illiteracy it was 50 § proposed to maintnin and open adult Other activities.—A State Central schools and to train adult literary Library with Audio-Visual Education workers. Seven courses of 45 da\s each Department has been established in a for the \\'orkers are held every year in rented building at Visakhapatnam each centre where 40 persons are trained which is proposed to be shortly shifted per course. Two thousand and seven to Guntur. During the current year, it hundred schools were programmed for is proposed to start an integrated library the Plan period of which 2,187 schools service also, under which there will be a have already been opened. An expendi Central Library with 50 brancli libraries ture of Rs. i8-ig lakhs ha\e so far having a reading room and a box con been mcurred under the scheme against taining 50 to 40 books lent by Central the Plan provision of Rs. 28-86 laklis. Library by rotation. A provision of Rs. 0-47 lakh has been made in the Plan Schools-cum-Community Centres.— towards grants to aided libraries of To serve as social and cultural centres which Rs. 0-41 lakh was spent up to 30th of \ilk^ge communities, where villagers September iq55- A vocabularv research can meet mformally to cxclwngc views unit has also been eitablished and and ideas, 13 primary schools in the propagation of Hindi in non-Hindi State w’cre taken up in 1954-55, for speaking areas has also just begun. improvement as Schools-cum-Communi ty centres. Of the provision of about Schenic for the relief of educated Rs. 0-20 lakh for these Schools-cum-Com- unemployed.—At the instance of the munity centres a sum of Rs. o-ii lakh Government of India, opening of single has been spent in providing the insti teacher’s schools was started in 1954-55 tutions with gramophones, records, in order to relieve educated unemploy harmoniums and materials for dramati ment. The scheme is in progress. Out zation and dance. During the current of a total number of 2,199 schools to be year, 13 more schools will be taken up opened, 1,541 schools were opened and for development as Schools-cum-Com an expenditure of Rs. 3-63 lakhs was munity centres. incurred up to 30th September 1955. 2. MEDICAL Tilt Medical Plan aims at all round are absolutely necessary and can be improvement of medical facilities, though provided for within the available financial they are not adequate enough to meet the resources. It relates mainly to the needs of the State. The loss of clinical improvement of hospitals, training of facilities at Madras with the partition has doctors and auxiliary personnel and the accentuated the acute shortage of reorganization of medical facilities. medical facilities of the State. The Plan, however, aims at improving to the Andhra A4edical College and King extent possible such curative services as George Hospital.—Land required tor § 51 § 4a expansion of the King George Hospital well under progress. Lecture galleries. has been acquired. '1 he construction of Asscmbh' hall, hostel for men students, laundry, disinfector and sterhser unit, garages, cycle sheds, raising of the present Twin operation theatre and block with compound wall and gateways, a corridor a lecture hall on ground floor, paying and stc\\^ards’ quarters have since been patients wards in the sccond floor, nurses' taken up for construction. quarters and two medical blocks of 80 The number of students admitted in beds each has been completed. One of the College is 55 a year. The College is the medical blocks was named after the being fully equipped to cater to the needs President of India, who opened it on the of students and clinical courses of 20th August, 1955 and the other which studies were started from 1st July 1955. is nearing completion is proposed to be converted into Pediatric ward of 100 Rupees 15-13 lakhs were spent up to beds. The construction of mortuary on 30th September 1955 against the Plan modern lines is now in progress. The provision of Rs. 41 lakhs. bed strength of the King George Hospital is 877 and it will be increased D istrict Headquarters Hospitals. to 1,000. The old Headquarters Hospital, Eluru, The number of students admitted at provided accommodation for 50 beds present in the Andhra Medical College only. To provide for increased in is no. After the completion of all the patient patients, a new headquarters building programmes the target of 100 hospital with a bed strength of 250 has additional students would be reached by been completed and has also been occu the end of the Plan period. pied. T'he expenditure up to 30th The post-graduate degree and diploma September 1955 on the scheme has courses have been introduced in the exceeded the Plan provision of Rs. 12-70 College and steps are being taken to lakhs by Rs. 3-50 lakhs. The bed make the College and the King George strength of the Government General Hospital into a full-fledged post-graduate Hospital, Kurnool, has also been increa- teaching centre by augmenting their ased from 140 to 200 beds. equipment and staff. I a l u k H eadquarters H o s p i t a l s . Against a provision of Rs. 33-10 lakhs an expenditure of Rs. 31-46 lakhs was The improvements to the following already spent. 13 Government Headquarters Hospitals, Guntur Medical College.—A new have been carried out: — Pathology block at an estimated cost of (1) Srikakulam, about Rs. 14-00 lakhs and a hostel for (2) Ram achandrapuram , 50 lady students were constructed. The (3) Parvathipuram, Pathology Block was occupied in June (4) Nuzvid, 1955 and the hostel in May 1955. The construction of a gas-house and wells is (5) Nandigam a, § 52 § (6) Bapatla, PiGvincialization of Local Fund (7) Udayagiri, M edical Institutions. (8) Atinakiir, 'The policy of Government to provincialize medical institutions of (9) Prodclatur, Local Bodies \^ith a view' to improving (10) lliiKliipnr, these institutions and to relieve partly the (11) Raya cl rug, Local Boards of the expenditure on (12) Nandyal, and maintenance of these institutions, was pursued during the Plan period. (13) Adoni. Accordingl}- fi\e Local Fund Instita- Improvements to Go\'eriimciit tions have been pro\ incializcd so far at a 1 lospitals and Goveriimciit d'spciisarics cost of Rs. 1-36 lakhs. lia\ c also been taken up. 'I he im.prove- Rural McdicaJ R e lie f.—The promo ments to the Go\crnment l^ispcnsary at tion of positi\ e health among the people, Bad\el has been completed wliile those more particularly in tlie rural areas which to tlie dispensaries at Ko\'viiru and ha\c not bccu adcc^uatcly served by Gnra/ala and the Government Hospitals medical services both pre\entive and below are in progress:—- curative is most imperative. 'I’hirteen (1) Palakonda, Primary Plealth Centres excluding six centres in the Community Projects were (2) Peddapuram, opened during the period. These centres (3) Narasannapeta, serve the rural population witli curative (4) Kadiri, and preventive relief and provide also (5) Tirupathi, maternity and child health measures. An expenditure of Rs. 3-44 lakhs was (6) Palamaner, and incurred up to 30th September 1955. (7) Madanapalle. A u x i l i a r y P e r s o n n e l . The Plan provision of Rs. 9-32 lakhs There is a dearth of auxiliary medical was sDent even before the end of 1954-55 personnel and with the expansion of and the expenditure incurred up to medical facilities in the State the need 30th September 1955 was Rs. 15-03 lakhs. for such personnel is more keenly felt. Training for required number of addi S p e c i a l T r e a t m e n t s . tional compounders every year is being gi\'cn. Against the target of 275 persons A Tuberculosis Hospital with 44 beds to be trained, 200 were trained up to 31st was established at Nell ore with the help March 1955. To meet the demand of of the Nellore State Welfare Fund and Maternity Assistants (midwives) and it is being improved. Ninety in-patients nurses in the rural and urban areas, it are being treated. A donafon of has been programmed to train 165 mid- Rs. 40,000 was aeecpted from Sri T. Rami wi\'cs and 125 nurses. Against these Reddi for construction of a ward of targets, 33 midwi\ es and 25 nurses were 40 beds. trained up to 31st March 1955. § 53 3. PUBLIC HEALTH Health is fundamental to National pro Unit at Madras to cover a population gress in any sphere. Good health implies of 40,000. The Health Centre with two not only physical fitness but also proper extensions now under progress will serve adjustment of man to his physical, mental as a training ground in Rural Sanitation and social environment. to student Sanitary Inspectors and also to the Medical Officers, medico-under- The existing health services in most graduates in the Andhra Medical of oui towns and villages are inadequate. College, Nurses, Health Visitors and But in view of the paucity of medical Maternity Assistants taking their train personnel, equipment and financial ing in the institutions at Visakhapatnam. resources, only most urgent and pressing An expenditure of Rs. 0-31 lakh was health problems were sought to be taken incurred up to the end of 30th Septem up. In the Public Health plan of the ber against a Plan provision of State, special emphasis has been laid on Rs. 0-65 lakh. protected water-supply schemes, antima- larial measures and health propaganda Water-supply and Sanitation.— Provi and publicity besides the training pro sion of protected water supply is one of grammes. The Plan provides for an the primary needs to better the health expenditure of Rs. 653-09 lakhs of which conditions of the population both in Rs. 326-99 lakhs were spent up to 30th Urban and Rural areas. In the State September 1955. Plan, Rs. 184-47 lakhs for Urban water- supply and drainage schemes Rs. 280-00 T r a in i n g . lakhs for Rural Water Supply Schemes Health Visitors.—Prior to the forma have been provided. tion of the State the Central School for Health Visitors at Madras w'as serving the This State has 35 Municipalities and needs of the Andhra area also. To meet 71 Major Panchayats of which 24 towns now the growing demand for Health only have protected water supply. At Visitors in Andhra a centre was the beginning of the Plan these were established at Visakhapatnam in Decem capable of supplying water at the rate of ber 1954 to train 12 candidates annually. only 10 gallons per head per diem. During the Plan, it was proposed to Sanitary Inspectors.—To afford field improve the existing water supply system training facilities to the students of the in nine towns and provide protected Sanitary Inspectors' class at Andhra water supply afresh for seven more towns. Medical College, Visakhapatnam, a Three drainage schemes for execution Health Unit at Simhachalam covering and eight for investigation for the Plan an area of 35-69 square miles with a period were also proposed. In all 16 population of about 24,400 was Water-supply and three Drainage established and is functionhig s ’nce Schemes have been proposed. These are 4th April 1953. This has now been now under various stages of construction. UD2;raded on the lines of Poonamalli Water Supply Schemes of Guntur and § 54 § Kakinada arc expected to be completed The programme of the last two years of by March 1956. The others will the Five-Year Programme were brought continue in the Second Plan period. A into the Plan. For the subsequent sum of Rs. 110-69 li^khs was spent up to three years of the Plan period, a fresh 30th September 1955 against a Plan programme of Rural Water-supply for provision of Rs. 184-47 lakhs. the remaining three year period was drawn up and included in the Plan. The provision made in the Plan The Rural Water-supply Schemes represents only the Government share provide for; of the expenditure on the schemes and excludes municipal share as well as loans (a) Provision of new draw wells; advanced by Government to Munici (b) Gonversion of step wells into palities to finance their share of cost. draw wells and reconstruction of old As most of the Municipalities are not in wells; a position to meet their cost, the (c) Deepening of existing wells; Government have obtained a loan of (cl) Construction of bore wells; and Rs. 100 lakhs under National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme from (e) Installation of pumps or the Government of India, to assist the infiltration galleries with wells or Municipalities by way of loans for reservoirs. implementing 15 Water-supply and Six thousand six hundred and ninety- three drainage schemes. four wells were sunk against a Besides the above schemes, a programme of 24,665 and 1,517 wells comprehensive scheme for improvement are under execution. Rupees 175-30 of water-supply to Visakhapatnam has lakhs were spent against a Plan provision been formulated to serve a population of Rs. 280 lakhs. of 2,25,000 at 25 gallons per head per In 1954-55 it was decided to take up day. A loan of Rs. 25 lakhs has been new works under the centrally sponsored obtained from the Government of India National Water-supply and Sanitation for executing the scheme. Programme, which provides both for Rural Water-supply.— W an t of Water-supply and Sanitation arrange protected water-supply in villages is ments. Four taluks, viz., Visakhapat largely responsible for spread of nam of Visakhapatnam district, Palnad infectious and contagious diseases in the of Guntur district, Kadiri of Anantapur Rural areas; in certain parts of the district and Pattikonda of Kurnool dis State, the villagers have to go two or tract, were selected for implementation three miles to get water. of the new scheme. Three hundred wells and 10,000 private house latrines In 1948-49, the Composite Madras are to be executed in each block of 100 Government drew up a Five-Year villages by the end of the Plan period. Programme for Rural Water-supply after the completion of the Ten-Yen.r Anti-malaria Scheme.—The eradica Programme formulated in 1937-38. tion of malaria is a long range problem. 55 It has been proposed to provide for Nutrition Research.—A Regional malaria control in all endemic areas of Nutrition Unit with headquarters at the State including the highly endemic Anantapur was formerly carrying out areas in Agency tracts and in the multi diet and nutrition surveys in the area purpose projects. At the formation of besides carrying out health education in the S^ate, 19 schemes serving a popu nutrition with a van specially equipped lation of 11-8 lakhs were funct’on'ng in with cinema projectors, films etc. 3,011 vi.ages. Fifteen new s'jhemes have The Unit was combating mal-nutriticn been started with assistance from prevailing among the low income National Malaria Control Programme groups by distribution of vitamin for the benefit of 1,463 villages. These supplements and skimmed milk pow’der. ope ations have been extended to the Demonstration of correct methods ot previously untreated Agency areas and eojking, preserving the nutritive value of others. Elwinpeta, Parvatipuram, the foods were also held. The un't has Seethampc’a, Salur and Ramachandra- moved to Kakinada-Peddapuram Project puram ctc, Agency areas have been area in the East Godavari district. It brought under control operations. has been carrying out field surveys Kurnool East and Kurnool West connected with Beri-Beri Research Control Units hav'C been organized with ^’cheme under implementation m sib-cenl;res at Nandyal, Markapur, Visakhapatnam area. An expenditure C mbum, Pattikonda and Owk. As a of Rs. 1-34 lakhs was spent up to 3cth result of these operations, malaria in September 1955 against the Plan large tracts have been effectively brought provision of Rs. 1-92 lakhs. under control. An expenditure of Heal'Ji Propaganda and Publicity.— Rs. 34 lakhs was incurred up to 30th Health Propaganda and Publicity plays September 1955 against a Plan an important role in prevention of provision of Rs. 67-12 lakhs. diseases. A Health Officer with ancillary OTHER SCHEMES. staff is employed to carry on health education by means of publicity van Rural Sanitation Unit.—A nucleus of equipped with cinema projector and Public ITealth Engineering Organiza- films. A film library is also established ti3n with an Executive Eng'neer (Public in the Central Office of the Director of Health) and ancillary staff has been Public Health for loaning films to Local been established to evolve cheap designs Bodies for health education in their for private house latrines and public areas. Preparation and printing of latrines and designs for fresh water wells pamphlets, posters other Public Health suited to rural conditions. These designs literature, etc., on various subjects are are printed and distributed to local also envisaged in the Plan. These will bodes, Collectors, Project Officers and be sold to the Local Bodies at cost Block Development Officers in this price for their propaganda and publicity. State. Rupees o-o8 lakh was spent up to 30th September 19:55 against a Plan Expans’on of Health Services.— Six provision of Rs. 0-35 lakh. Primarv Health Centres in Kurnool § 56 § t 9- S..*-. M a m j a i ’i lA I’kim aky Hi-Ai in Ci;\ii 57 § Rs. 0-44 lakh will be spent before the the rural areas. Each of these centres close of the year. Assistance is obtained has three subsidiary centres, wherein from the Government of India under one Maternity Assistant and an ayah Article 275 (1) of the Constitution. attend to maternal relief. In addition Maternity and Child Welfare Cen to this staff, there is a Health Visitor tres in rural backward areas.—Eight who supervises the Maternity and Child Maternity and Child Health Centres Work in these sub-centres. have been established to afford A sum of Rs. 0-14 lakh has been maternitv and child health services to h:pent up to 30th September 1955. 4. HOUSING With rapid increase in population The State’s schemes of Co-operative and a concomitant shift from the rural housing have, however, helped in some to urban areas the problem of both measure the solution of the problem rural and urban Housing came to the in Urban Housing. Under these forefront. While rural houses were schemes long-term loans to middle and sub-standard, the unprecedented upper middle classes were provided for urbanization has worsened living construction of dewelling houses through conditions deplorably. Rents began to Housing Co-operatives. Up to 30th sky rocket out of proportion to the September 1955, Rs. 88-6 lakhs under capital outlay. The Government urban housing and Rs. i-68 lakhs under effort to control them was not a success. rural housing were utilized. One Requisition of house properties by thousand four hundred and ninety- both Central and State Governments, seven houses in urban areas and 126 during and after the war to accommo houses in rural areas were built and date their offices as well as officers and 745 houses in urban areas and 45 in rural in some cases for allotment to private areas were in the process of construction. citizens led to a further contraction of The target under these schemes was building activity of private landlords only 1,517 houses in urban areas and and this aggravated the acute shortage 212 in rural areas for the entire Plan of houses in the urban areas. period. 5. AMELIORATION OF BACKWARD CLASSES The evolution of the social structure handicapped groups. These are during centuries of feudalism in reg'ons the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled which were not then developed by Tribes, groups which were hitherto communications led to the existence of known as criminal tribes, and other certain under-privileged or specially groups who can be considered to 58 § constitute the weaker section of {he tackle the socio religious activity of population and who are socially, eco untouchability, which was really the nomically and educationally backward. crux of the problem. Further Article 17 of the Constitution of India has The constitution has made special abolished untouchability and has for provision for the needs of the Backward bidden its practice in any form. Yet classes, for it was widely felt that the lot of these castes cannot be ultimately it is the measure in which improved unless measures calculated to their social and economic progress is improve their social, economic and realized which would provide an acid test for the progress of the country as religious conditions are carried out. a whole. There are about 27 lakhs of Scheduled Backward Classes in Andhra include Castes. 1 he ameliorative measures Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and contemplated under the Plan fall under other Backward Classes. The Schedu four categories namely, Education, led Castes and other Backward Classes Sanitary amen'tics, piovision of housc- are spread all over the State and sites, removal of civil disabilities. Scheduled Tribes li\’c in certain forests and hilly regions of the State. Education.—Realizing that educatio nal advancement is the forerunner of all S c h e d u l e d C a s t e s . progress, special stress is laid on educational advancement. Socially the Scheduled Castes were not merely the low’cr strata of the The policy of the Government has population, but were out-castes, all along been to endeavour, as far as oppressed and down-trodden. Eco possible, to get the Harijan pupils nomically, they were the poorest in admitted into schools already existing in the land condemned to a miserable I’fe the locality and to open separate schools of hard monotonous and ceaseless toil for them only in places where there are such as heVv/'ing wood, cutting stone, no schools at all and in places where, carrying heavy leads even as beasts of owing to caste prejudices or other burden, not to mention scavenging, causes, the existing schools are not easily which was considered too low and filthy accessible to them. Fifty-one new for any caste. They were despised and Harijan Welfare Schools have been so looked upon as being “so low as to be far opened during the Plan period, unfit to be physically touched.” The bringing the total of such schools to 465. Composite Madras State started In order to induce the pupils to attend ameliorative measures to uplift these these schools, they are served with mid castes even so early as 1920 which at day meals in the schools. They are also the beginning dealt with material, supDlied with books, and slates. Two political and educational aspects of the High schools are also run for the j^roblem. It was left to Mahatma Harijans, one at Masulipatnam and the Gandhi, the father of the Nation to other at Dokiparru in Krishna district. § 59 § I ’he strengtli of the Harijaii Welfare which the Ilarijans in the rural areas Schools is '31,68^^ and a sum of about have been labouring is that they do not Rs. 13 laklis is spent e\ery year on the own the houses or huts they live in. maintenance of these schools. Even w’hen they put up huts of their own, they seldom own the land on Education in clcmentar}- schools w-hieh the huts are built. 1 hey are thus whether under public or private manage liable to be e\'icted at any time. The ment, is imparted free of cost to Government have, therefore, gi\ en a high Ilarijans, whatever be the income of priority to the scheme of providing their parents. In the case, however, of house-sites to the Ilarijans in tlie pro High Schools and Colleges, the full fee gramme of ameliorative work. Vacant concession is limited to those, the land at the disposal of Government, if income of whose parents does not suitable, is transferred to 'village site’ exceed Rs. 1,200 in the ea;;e of High and distributed in plots among those School pupils and Rs. 1,500 in the case who need them. But, as suitable Gov of College students. 'I’he institut ons ernment land is limited in extent, the are paid compensation for the fees Government have often to acquire large foregone by tliein and a sum of Rs. 4 extents of private land under the Land Icikli; is spent every year for this. Acquisition Act by paying compensa Scholarships, both residential and tion. About 42 thousand house-sites non-residential are granted to Ilarijans to have so far been provided to the Hari meet the cost of books, special fees and jans. boarding and lodging charges. About Sanitary am enities.—Harijans gene 72 thousand scholarships have so far rally live in remote places unconnected been granted. bv roads and pathways and their sur Three hundred and three Harijan hos roundings are generally insanitary. They tels are run by pri\ate agencies who are are, therefore, pro\’ided with sanitary subsidized at the rate of Rs, 150 a year amenities, such as provision of pathways, per inmate. Subsidy of about Rs. 12 bath rooms, latrines, etc., wherever lakhs is made to these hostels ever}' year. necessary. An expenditure of Rs. 1 lakh Government are also running hostels for has so far been uicurred. the Harijans. There were 4 hostels at Assignment of lands.—Wherever Gov the beginning of the plan and ig more ernment lands are available, they are have since been added. One thousand assigned to the landless poor, free of six hundred eighty-six Harijan boys and cost. Field labour co-operative societies girls are receiving boarding and lodging are also formed and these societies arc facilities in these hostels and an annual either assigned or leased lands for expenditure of Rs. 3-87 lakhs is involved cultivation. in the maintenance of the 23 Govern Removal of civil disabilities.— Sche ment hostels. duled classes suffer largely in the social Public H ealth.—Provision of house- structure of the society as they are treated sites; One of the main disabilities under as untouchables. In order to remove § 60 diis disability, the Government in the direction of education which is also con ConiiDosite State enacted t\\o laws, \iz., fined to the grant of residential and non- Removal of Disabilities .Act and the 'I’em- residcntial scholarships limited to the ple Entry Authorization Act. Fliese arc students 111 colleges and payment of sub in force in Andhra State also, l^iit the sidy to private Boardnig homes for these penal provisions in the Acts ha\e not classes. About 8,400 scholarships were produced the desired changc in the peo granted and subsidy to about 800 pupils ple. In order to bring out this change, in subsidi-'cd hostels at the rate of 30th day of ever\’ month is celebiated Rs. 150 per year per pupil was as the 'IIari;an Day’ throughout the sanctioned. State in wliicli officials and non-otficials Ex-CRivrixAL T r i b e s . including Harijans take pari in the celebrations. Yenadis, Yerukulas, Sugalis, Katheras, Nirasliikaris, etc.. in this State were I'hc Government of India are g ving once controlled b}- the provisions of the grants-iix-aid from 1954-55 tor eradica "Criininal 'I'ribes Act” which has since tion of untouchability and a grant of l)cen repealed for the reason that the Rs. 1-69 lakhs was made in that \ear and Indian Constitution has acceptcd the the State Gox'crnment contributed principle that no man can be considered Rs. 0-30 lakh to it. 'I'lie abo\c amount guilt}' unless he is proved to be so in a of Rs. 2 lakhs was utilized in organizing court of law. These are now called the cosmopolitan dinners, celebrations of cx-Criminal 'Fribes. 'i'hey are mostly llarijan days and conduct of social works concentrated in the districts of Guntur, by students. Eight hundred and ciglity- Nellorc, Chittoor, Anantapur and Kur- eight students belonguig to other Back nool. They are nomadic in character ward Classes and forward classes li\'ing and ha\’e no settled life. in Scheduled Caste Hostels were paid boarding grants from out of the abo\e Some of these communities are set grant. Posters and cniema slides were tled at Bitragunta, Seethanagaram and also exhibited explaining the evils of Sidddapuram and controlled by the untouchability. For 1955-56, Govern police. The Settlement at Bitragunta ment of India made anoLher grant of was released from the control of the Rs. 2-05 lakhs which would be utilized police. There is a proposal to transfer for schemes calculated to eradicate the other three settlements to the untouchability. control of Social Welfare Department. 'I'o enable them to have a permanent B a CKW'ARD C i .ASSIlS. habitation, lands are assigned free of Backward Classes other than the cost and seeds, etc., are also supplied Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes free of cost. Interest free loans are and those w'ho were once called criminal granted to them for purchase of bulls Tribes number about 70 lakhs and the\- and agricultural implements. Five are spread all over the State. The only Women Welfare Centres have been ameliorative measure carried out to started to take care of their women and improve the lot of these classes is in the children. The State Government have 61 oeen spending annually about Rs. 1-25 was repaired at a cost of about iakhs for the welfare of these classes. Rs. 15,000. Bulls have been supplied The State availed of Rs. 10,300 in 1953-54 to them on loan. They have been pro and Rs. i-8i lakhs in 1954-55 from the vided with decent huts partly from grant Central grant. For 1955-56, Government and partly from voluntary labour and of India have allotted Rs. 2 lakhs to contribution. There is a school and a this State. road in the colony. Two colonies have so far been started S c h e d u l e d T r i b e s . with central aid in Chittoor district— The Constitution has cast a special Melachoor and Jayanti colonies. responsibility on the Central and State Mehchooi colony.—About 50 Yanadi Governments to advance the living con families have been settled in this colony ditions of the Scheduled Tribes who live which is about 7 miles from the Yer- in forests or hilly regions, deprived of pedu-Venkatagiri Road. About 100 all modern amenities. In the Andhra acres of land overgrown with shrub jungle State the Scheduled Tribes are scat was cleared, parcelled out and given to tered in an area of 6,500 square miles the settlers. Each family is provided declared as scheduled areas over the dis with two acres of wet and three acres of tricts of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, dry land and an irrigation tank was East and West Godavaris. There are 33 repaired at a cost of Rs. 12,500 in 1952- communities of Scheduled Tribes besides 53. Each family has been provided with Chenchus in the Nallamalai Hills of the improved agricultural implements. Kurnool and Guntur districts. Nearly half of them have bandies and Some measures were taken to improve bulls for agricultural use. Decent huts the life of the Scheduled Tribes even have been constructed by them with a before the First Five-Year Plan period. nominal grant of Rs. 50. These colo A legislation was enacted in 1917 to pre nists have taken to agriculture very vent the non-tribals from acquiring the keenly and they are feeling contented lands of the Tribes. The hilly tract was and happy. opened up with some pathways and The colony is coming up into a model roads. Dispensaries and schools were set colony with a park and a radio, a school, up at convenient centres. But all these a women welfare centre, a drinking were sporadic in nature and they were water well and other sanitary amenities. not adequate enough to promote their A multi-purpose co-operative society welfare. Therefore, the Composite was formed to execute some of the Madras Government set up a team of works. experts with Sri R. S. Malayappan, Jayanti C o lo n y .— This is also a Yenadi I.A.S., as Chairman to explore the Colony with about 37 families. This various possibilities of improving the colony is situated about a mile and odd lot of the tribes. The team drew up a from the Madras-Bangalore road at 1 1 3th ten-year programme for the development mile. All the families have good w^et of the scheduled areas. The plans were lands under an irrigation tank which generally accepted by the Composite 62 § Madras Government and they are being them. Hillmen have, therefore, been implemented in Andhra. A compre tramed as fieldmen to do propaganda hensive programme has been formulated and demonstrate cultivation on modern for the development of the scheduled lines. areas. The Government of Ind.a have A dcmonstration-cun]-exploratory farm also been giving grants-in-aid under has been started at Rampachodavaram Article 275 (1) of the Constitution for in the Agcncy area of East Godavari the uplift of these tribes and the cen district. An extent of 250 acres of tral aid is increased from year to year. land has been reclaimed under central The special progammes drawn up for grant-in-aid scheme, at Sarabhannapalem the amelioration of the Scheduled Tribes in Visakhapatnam Agency. cover practically all fields of develop- Land colonization.— In order to make metal activities. The following gives the hillmen live a settled life the team the amount spent on the amelioratwe of experts have drawn up 34 coloniza measures from ig5r-52 and the ccntral tion schemes. Of these, four to settle aid utilized for the purpose; — 287 families in an extent of 2,814 acres K.S. in lakhs. in East and W est Godavari districts have been started. Four more colonization Total amount Centra] schemes in Tajangi, Mampakinchuvani- Year. spent. grants in aid. palem, Gujjummamidivalasa and Kudda- 1951-52 8-87 2-56 palli will be taken up this year. 1952-53 11-36 4 -2 / Fisheries.— Under this Plan, a scheme 1953-54 13-82 5-11 for development of fisheries has been 1954-55 6-89 13-28 started in the agency areas of the East Education.--There are at present four and West Godavari districts where secondary schools and 392 elementary facilities are available. and higher elementary schools in the Animal Husbandry.—Cattle wealth in scheduled areas and ten elementary Scheduled area is poor though the area schools for the Chenchus. Tuition is is rich in pasture. Ongole bulls, Sindhi given freely in all the institutions. By cows, Murrah buffaloes, Burkshire pigs, opening free boardmg homes, giving rams and ewes, leg-horns and Rhode mid-day meals, clothing etc., the pupils islands were distributed among the hill were induced to take to education. tribes. A Special District Veterinary Eleven boarding homes and eight subsi Officer, two touring Veterinary Assistant dized hostels have been established in Surgeons and six Livestock Inspectors the scheduled areas which benefit 848 were employed to improve the cattle pupils. An amount of Rs. 8-go lakhs wealth of the Scheduled area. has been spent on these schemes. Communications.—Due to uneven Agriculture.—The Scheduled Tribes ness of the terrain and thick jungle are not used to settled cultivation and growth, the Scheduled areas lack good fertilization of land. Shifting or Podu- communications w’hich is a great handi cultivation is generally resorted to by cap to the development of the areas. The § 63 § iiillmcn are, therefore, cut away from led and 16 more are proposed to be the plainsmen and this has largely con installed before the end of the First tributed to their aloofness and stunted Plan period. development. Posts and Telegraphs.— In addition to Roads covernig a length of over 58 the existing post and telegraphs facili miles have been formed at a total cost of ties in agency areas, it is proposed to pro Rs. 35-33 lakhs. vide post and telegraph facilities at five Health.—Malar'a is endemic in the places during 1955-56 at a cost of agency areas; only the degree of endc- Rs. 016 lakli. micity varies from place to place. Anti- malarial measures have, therefore, been Co-operatives.—Three co-operative carried out. Yaws is another fell disease, stores have been opened in the agency like malaria, eating into the vitals of the areas of East Godavari and West Goda hill tribes, irrespective of age and vari districts for the benefit of hill tr.bes. sex. Yaws control measures are adopted The depots purchase minor forest and in the Polavaram, Ellavaram and Krishna- hill produce collcctcd by the hill tribes devipeta agencies at present. and arrange for tlie sale at favourable prices. They also sell provisions and Owing to mal-nutrition also, the hill- consumer goods to the hill tribes at men arc subject to various diseases. To reasonable prices. The co-operative combat this deficiency among the infants endeavour to prevent exploitation of and mothers, milk supply, distribution of this most backward social group living vitamin tablets, etc., through maternity in remote areas and to improve their and child w’elfare centres are under economic conditions special staff of taken. Two maternity centres have Senior Inspectors for supervising the been opened. Five hospitals and 15 work of the depots has been appointed dispensaries w’ith two mobile or itine and the societies are given subsidies for rating units are functioning. meeting administrative expenses. Protected water-supply is provided C h en eh u s.—In the Nallamalai Flills under the Rural Water-supply Scheme of the Kurnool district and Guntur dis at a cost of Rs. 3-49 lakhs. trict live a race of tribals called Chen- W om en WeJfaie.—Women Welfare chus. They live on collection of minor centres at six places have been opened. forest produce in the hills, without resort The women are taught domestic eco ing to any settled cultivation. They nomy and clean habits, and the children are constantly subjected to Malaria and are trained on proper and healthy lines. Yaws diseases. Mal-nutrition is their Maternity care is also provided at these general condition. The amelioration of centrcs by providing a Maternity the Chenehus has been attended by the Assistant. Forest Department. Twenty schools R adios.— In order to bring hillmen in have been provided for them so far. closer contact with the activities out There is a hospital at Peddacheruvu and side their sphere, seven sets w^ere instal a co-operative society for the Chenehus. 64 § LOCAL DEVELOPMENT WORKS AGRICULTURE !5 SCHEMES RS. 1.23 LAKHS DRINKING WATER 508 SCHEMES RS.20 98 LAKHS V IL L A G E ROADS 605 SCHEMES RS.43-93 LAKHS SCHOOLS & DISPENSARIES 624 SCHEMES RS 6 9 38 LAKHS RURAL SANITATION 82 SCHEMES R&4.46 LAKHS COMMUNITY CENTRES LIBRARIES 210 SCHEMES R&14 94 LAKHS aODOWNS IS SCH EM ES RS.I 44 LAKHS ^f** - ' ft /s, S'4» ♦ ' - f. ^ ..^; ■ ;....^ ^ R o a d w o r k in 1’u sa i’a d u (3Ai>A'n a rAi i K) u x d .' r L o c ai Di;vi;i.op\ii:.\'r W o r k s Sc.! M un’ic ip a i. D is p i:\s a r y . A\a k a i>a ! i i , coNsiiuicTi d l;x d :;k Lo c a l Dnvi;i.oPMi-\r W o r k s . ^ SlS^:««p ;:»*}■ iSlii;;: IL Local Development Works, 1 HE Local Dev’clopiiiciit Works (3) Perm anent works for improve T Programme wliich constitutes the ment of rural sanitation. preparatory stage for National (4) \"illage roads including small Extension Ser\ice was inangiiratcd in bridges and culverts. April 1953. The main object of the programme is to create interest 111 as (g impro\diient to school or dis- jjcnsary buildings where such institu wide a section of the comiminitx tions already exist and are inadequately as possible, and to draw forth local IvOWSCi-l. initiative and the resources of the people for small permanent cons (6) Construction of godowns for truction works of common utility mainly storage of goods, pro\aded the benefit in the c()untr\side, for the execution of accrues to the public generally. which the people themsch.es will be (7) Similar schemes of common prepared to contribute either in cash or utility which are likely to improve con in kind or through \oluntar\- labour, to ditions in the country side or benefit the the extent of 50 per cent of the cost of community as a whole. the works. Against the 50 per cent The works cover the ordinary require people’s contribution, local bodies can ments of a village and include any contribute up to a maximum of 25 per scheme which aims at the improvement cent. In the case, however, of w'orks in of the countryside. The maximum panchayat areas, the village panchayats central grant payable for a w’ork is concerned can contribute up to a maxi limited to Rs. 10,000. mum of 33/3 per cent. The nature of A sum of Rs. 15 crores w'as allocated works that can be taken up under the by Government of India in the National programme arc— Plan for the programme and the share (1) Drinking water-supph' schemes. of the grant to this State is indicated b elo w : — (2) Permanent w'orks for improve Year. Grant allotted ment of agriculture (including those to this State relating to soil eonser\'ation, improve ment of irrigation canals and tanks and RS. such other items as may be considered 1953-54 14,75,200 necessary by Collectors in consultation 1954-55 34.00.000 with District Agricultural OfEcers). 1955-56 66.00.000 65 The following schemes arc expected The progress of expenditure w'as to be completed by the end of the Plan rather poor during the year of inception period with the aid of the above of the programme, i.e., 1953-54. Some grants : momentum was, however, gained in the Schemes Cost. next year and yet the progress w'as not RS. IN up to the mark. During the current L a k h s . year, as a result of several measures car (1) 15 Agricultural Schemes .. 1-23 ried out calculated to simplify procedural (2) 503 Drinking water Schemes 20-98 matters it is expected that entire grant (3) 605 Village Roads 43-93 of Rs. 66 lakhs will be utilized in full, (4) 624 Schools and Dispensaries 69-38 particularly as the Collectors are taking (5) 82 Rural Sanitation Schemes. 4-46 all measures to ensure that the grants (6) 210 Community Centres and allotted to their districts are earned in Libraries 14-94 full. (7) 15 Godowns 1-44 VIL Community Dei^elopment. T is an iiiescapablc fact that the rural course and runs along the entire gamut I comiiiuiiity is not a fraction or a of social, moral, cultural and economic part but almost the w’liolc of India. life of the villager. So, no programme for National ]^e\x'lop- I'hc basic principles of the Conimu- mcnt w'ill be complete \Mthont a plan nit}' Dc\clopnient mo\’cment are that for rural development. Rural life is an (i) cvcLA' famil}- should ha\e a plan of organic whole and not cut mto segments improvement not mereh' m agriculture and the approach has, therefore, to be a but also in cottage and small scale co-ordinated and comprehensi\e one iudustnes, (2) cvctv family siiould be covering the entire field. To ensure made fit to become a member of at this, the Planning Commission has least one co-operati\e socictx' in its own drawn up an all embracing programme right, (3) ever)- fam ily should utilize a of Comniunit}' Development. portion of their time for voluntary work Community Development is "the for the benefit of the community, and method and rural extension is the agency (4) every village should have an active through which the l''i\e-Year Plan seeks women’s and youth movement so that to initiate, a process of transformation there may be sustained usefullness of of the social and economic life of the the Communit\- Development pro villages.” The central objective of gramme. In short, the emphasis is on Community Development is to secure physical effort and change of outlook so the fullest development of the material that the mountain of inertia may be and human resources of the area. This removed and the community energized would obviously cover all facts of rural for individual and collective betterment. life. In rural areas intensive work is In May 1952, the Government of taken up for agricultural development, India decided in consultation with the for social education, for improvement State Governments to launch the Com in the health of the population and for munity Development programme in introduction of new' skills and new selected project areas all over India. The occupations so that the programme as Kakinada-Peddapuram area of the East a whole can help to Tift the rural com Godavari district and the Kurnool- munity to higher levels of organization Cuddapah canal area of the Cuddapah and arouse enthusiasm for new know and Kurnool districts were chosen in ledge and better standards of life. The this State and the two Community Conmiunity Development programme Projects were inaugurated on 2nd Octo is thus a multi-faced, multi-purpose ber 1952. The programme period of § 67 these projects which was originally fixed Block IS Rs. 7'5 lakhs—Rs. 4 lakhs as three years has since been extended under loans and Rs. 3-5 lakhs under by one year. The estimated expendi ‘other than loans’. The centre’s share ture on each project is Rs. 65 lakhs. of the ‘other than loans’ expenditure is The country’s resources were, however, Rs. 2-25 lakhs. The provision for a not of the order by which a comprehen Community Development Block is sive programme co\’ering the entire Rs. 15 lakhs—Rs. 7-49 lakhs under country and of the magnitude contem loans and Rs. 7-51 under 'other than plated in the Community Projects could loans.’ The centre’s share of the ‘other l)e undertaken. The Government of than loans’ expcndituTc is Rs, 4-58 lakhs. India therefore decided to launch along Five more National Extension Service side the Community Development Pro Blocks w'cre inaugurated on 2nd Octo jects a programme which is somewhat ber 1954, thus- making the total num less intcnsi\ e 111 character and integrated ber of blocks 27’. O f these, 11 were both under one comprehensive serxice selected and converted into the Com called the National Extension Service munity Development Blocks with effect which was inaugurated in certain selected from 1st April 1955. And so, by 30th Blocks all over India on 2nd October September 1955 the State had two 1953. Due to the formation of Community Projects, 13 Community the State on 1st October 1953, this Development Blocks and 16 National State had to start it late and 22 Extension Service Blocks covering an National Extension Service Blocks and area of 9,626 square miles and 37-5 two Community Development Blocks lakhs of population spread over 2,567 allotted were consequently inaugurated villages. Details of coverage of these on 4th April 1954. The inter-relation blocks is given in the Statement No III. between the Community Development programme and the extension service is P r o g r e s s o f w o r k a n d E x p e n d i t u r e . that in both the programmes, agricul tural extension work is a common factor A brief review of the progress made in its widest sense, including animal is gi\'cn in the following paragraphs: — husbandry, fisheries, co-operation and Com m unity Projects.—Tlic pro subsidiary and cottage and small scale gress in the field of agriculture was industries. But in the former, the substantial. Of the major activities in works programme is more comprehen the field of agriculture, mention may be sive. Thus a development block which made of the distribution of 169,434 has recei\ed attention under the exten maunds of improved seeds and 481,585 sion programme can be subsequently mauiids of fertilizers, holding of 170,426 taken up under the Community Deve agricultural demonstrations—varietal, lopment programme, the pace of which cultural and manurial, bringing of depending on available resources and the 26,918 acres of land under fruits and response of the people. The provision \'egetables, planting of 244,298 trees for each National Extension Service and reclamation of 57,678 acres. A § 6 8 ANDHRA STAT£ MAP C.P,C.O,AW D N.E.S BLOCKS Sca/e MILCS B«Y OP BENGAL REFERENCE N.E.S* BLOCKS C.D.BLOCKS C . P . A R € ^ S / • > . J srsizisj:-^ci ;■ BUDGET PROVISION RUPEES 130.00 LAKHS <9t EXPENDITURE UPTO SEP/55 iJ !? RUPEES 6I-36LAKHS t ^ >1^ C o m m u n it y H a u , a n d L ih k a k y , K o iu s a p a d u , O n c o i.h B i .o c k PliOPI.K CONSTRUCTING TIIIIK OWN SCIIOOI IN TilUJVURU BlOCK, K r ISHNA D iSTKICI. t n A n A dui t Schooi. in Bhimadof CoMMt Ni rv Dkvi i opmi \ r Bi o c k . large number of minor irrigation works were started and 14,347 new members such as construction and repair of wells were enrolled. and tanks, installation of ]3uniping sets An amount of Rs. 68-93 k^khs was etc., were also undertaken, bringing an spent for which a total of Rs. 38-85 lakhs additional area of 35,899 acres under was realized from the people as \oIun- irrigation. tary contribution in cash, labour and As regards animal husbandry 513 materials. pedigree animals were supplied and Coummnity Development Bloeks.— 5.403 exotic birds distributed. Eight The review under Communit\ Deve thousand nine hundred and eight\-nine lopment Blocks includes the achieve- animals were also castrated. 'I'hrec ineiit of two Community Dc\elopment artificial insemination centres and four Blocks from 4th .\pril 1954 and the key N'lllage centres were also started. achie\cnient of 11 Community Dexelop- Impro\enient of communications was ment Blocks from 1st September 1955. a prominent feature in these areas. Material progress was made in the field One hundred and fort\-two miles of of agricwU'u.TC '.is \s seen by the pucca roads were constructed and 780 tion of 92,550 maunds of impro\ ed seeds miles of kacha roads were either cons and 257,110 maunds of fertilizers; 34,606 tructed or unproved. agricultural demonstrations were held, Substantial progress was made in the 16,966 acres were brought under the field of health and rural sanitation also. cultixation of fruits and \egetables and Five hundred and thirty-one new drink 3,85,872 trees were planted, 54,815 acres ing nater \\ells were constructed and were reclaimed and 5,49"7 additional 2.404 old wells were got reno\ated. acres were brought under irrigation. O ne thousand se\’en hundred and fort\- 'I'he salient features under Animal Ilus- one rural latrines were constructed and bandr\ were supph' of 364 pedigree 41,581 yards of drains formed. Seven animals, distribution of 4,513 exotic priniar}' health centres were also started birds and castration of 3,990 animals. in the two Community Project areas. One Artificial Insemination Centre was Progress in the field of education and started during the period. social education was marked b) the As regards Health and Rural Sanita opening of 114 new schools, conversion tion, 4 71 new' drinking water wells of 358 ordinary schools into basic type, were constructed and 1,585 old w'ells starting of 296 adult literacy centres, w^ere renovated besides constructing training of 6,134 adults, establishment 1,787 rural latrines and forming 1,70,300 of 1,308 units of people’s organizations yards of drains. Tw'O primary health and 910 community centres. centres were started during the period. During the period, 46 demonstration- In the sphere of Education and Social ciim-training centres were started and Education, 218 new schools were started 191 and 1,058 persons were given basic and 213 w^ere converted into their basic and refresher training respectively. equivalent. One hundred and ninety Ninety-one new co-operative societies adult literacy centres were started and § 69 5,469 were made literate besides Material progress was made under developing 1,980 units of people’s Education and Social Education by the organizations and starting 1,286 opening of 278 new schools, conversion community centres. of 319 ordinary schools into the basic Material progress was also made in type, starting of 612 adult literacy cen the field of communications. One tres, training of 17,984 adults, develop hundred and thirty-six miles of pucca ing 2,829 Linits of peoples' organizations, roads w^ere constructed besides forming and starting of 3,038 community and improvmg 428 miles of kaeha roads. centres. Under arts and crafts, 27 demonstra- Village communications were also) tion-cum-training centres were started developed by the construction of 1933 and 338 persons w'cre gi\'en basic and miles of pucca roads, and formation andil refresher training. impro\'ement of 449 miles of kachaa roads. Ouring the period 57 co-operative societies were started and 8,437 new Seventeen demonstration-cum-train-i- uiembers \\ere enrolled. ing centres were started and 426 personas were given basic and refresher trainingg. Government expenditure amounting Under co-operation 352 new soeietie.'es to Rs. 12-16 lakhs was incurred in these were started besides the enrolment oof blocks and voluntary contributions 45,843 new members. valued at Rs. 15-67 lakhs were realized. The total expenditure on these blo'ck'ks N ational Extension Service Blocks. was Rs. 40-85 lakhs, and Rs. 39-86 lakh;hs —I ’he principal accomplishments in was realized as people’s contributions, s. these blocks were distribution of 1,41,031 maunds of improved seeds and 4,78, 613 maunds of fertilizers, holding T r a in i n g . of 38,690 demonstrations, bringing of The programme of rural developmieneiit 18,777 ^^<^rcs of land under fruits and en\'isaged in the Community Develloi:op- vegetable cultivation. Provision of irri- ment Programme is so \'ast in its sc'opope gational facilities was made to 17,191 and objective that it can only succieeeed acres and 28,500 acres were reclaimed. with the help of carefully selected :auand Extension work under Animal Hus suitably trained personnel. bandry resulted in the supply of 461 In the State, three Extension Trraiiain- pedigree animals, distribution of 12,857 ing Centres arc functioning at Samal.kokot, birds and castration of 18,919 animals. Kalahasti and Gopannapalem, the fo for In the sphere of Health and Rural mer two being double shift centres an and Sanitation, 378 new drinking water wells the last a single shift one. These (cei cen w^ere constructed besides renovation of tres will train in all 270 candidates e've'^;very 3,123 wells. Two thousand and fifty- six months. For imparting training; g in one rural latrines were constructed and basic agriculture three agricultural W'in,vings 2,41,135 yards of drains were formed. are attached at the rate of one to ccaceaeh § 70 I I R o a d l a v i n g b v V i i . i .a g i ' k s i v K i ; r \o o i .-C i .'d d a p a h C a n a l C o m m u n i t v P r o j h c t A r l a . EXPENDITURE’ AND P EO P LE'S CONTRIbiiTION UPTO 30 9 55 IN C P , C O, ANO /y£.s etoeKS Kupcea iM lAk>4S RIFERENCE T a .rg a .t f Kp^nditu'C.C. anti, Ptof>l€'s oontiibniion ExpAncilluxc. QSoot.^ fkofie's centtiGixtian COMMUNITY P B O jecT COMMUNITY DeVCLOPMENV t^fKTtON/Ki. EXtCNSIOM fKREfKS b l o c k s service BI.OCKS of the three Extension Training Cen ing centre for Block Development tres. In addition, three basic agricultu Otficers in this State. They are deputed ral schools have been opened at to the Development Officers Training Nandyal, Bapatla and Anakapalle. The Centre at liimayatsagar. The social basic agricultural schools and wings will education organizers of the State are train 540 candidates every year. A also trained at the training centres in Home Science wing has been established other States, viz., Himayatsagar (Hydera in the Extension Training Centre at bad) Gandhigram (Madras) and Sainalkot designed to impart train.'ng Nilokheri (Punjab). to 20 Grama Savikas. There is no train STATEMENT III. COMMUNITY PROJECTS—1952-53 SERIES. Area, population, number of families aivl number of villages. Afea Number of Number or Population. Name of the Block. (sqauare milss) Villages. fam.lies. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Kakinada-Peddapuram Prcjxt 605.19 247 145,543 650,000 Kurnool Ciiddapah Canal t*rcj;ct .. 1,022.20 223 77,554 334,769 Total .. 1,627.39 470 223,094 1,034,759 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS 1953-54 SERIES. Vayalpad 80200 126 39,370 190,097 Ichapuram 87.28 52 19,001 78,761 Total .. 889.28 178 58,371 268,858 1 Amadalavalasa 100 157 17,900 90,423 2 Pendurthi 119.96 49 15,957 76,499 3 Rajanagaram .. 130.23 29 17,333 -0,369 4 Bhimadole .. 319.50 89 23,135 114,067 5 Nuzvid 335 85 19,426 107,227 6 Ongole II .. 378.78 73 35,228 165,758 7 Venkatachalam 240.60 58 14,002 64,167 8 Pallipat 137.57 58 16,620 83,482 9 Jammalamadugu 612.38 132 26,128 118,031 10 Alur 613.55 94 22,350 121,180 11 Hindupur 184 40 14,318 70,855 Total .. 3,171.57 864 222,397 10,92,018 § 71 § NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE BLOCKS—1954-55 SERIES. 1 Sabbavaram 138-00 86 11,484 85,919 2 Polavaram 250-00 114 23,156 93,451 3 Kurnool 299-37 46 12,501 57,009 4 Giddalur 116-13 33 12,227 63,728 5 Roddam 269-43 41 11,707 48,776 Total 1,07293 320 71,125 3,48,813 NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE BLOCKS—1953-54 SERIES. 1 Srikakulam .. 98-39 52 15,827 75,854 2 Kotauratla 120-24 55 18,461 82,562 3 Nakkapalli .. 185-97 63 22,084 110,420 4 Korukonda 208-50 53 28,089 122,469 5 Chintalapudi 292-70 79 19,227 82,751 6 Tituvur 465-60 92 23,930 12,689 7 Ongole Block I . 287-80 72 21,807 102,806 8 Podalakur .. 310-82 51 8,395 42,634 9 Nagari 165-03 111 20,316 95,767 10 Yerragondapalem 458-54 59 20,200 98,459 11 Madakasira .. 270-00 38 12,500 72,513 Total 2,863-59 725 210,906 1,013,131 § 72 § Pari I'liiiM’ DETAILS OF EXPKNDITURE ON PLAN SCHEMES STATEMENT-A. A g r ic u l t u r e . {R upees in hikhs). Expenditure during. A Told ex- Serial number. Head of Development and r im —N penditureI* . name of scheme. proiL^ion. 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-54. 1954-55. 1955-56. up to the em {up to Sep- c f Sep tember 1955). tember 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 1 Food Production Staff Scheme 82.43 18.78 18.15 22.40 18.84 8.23 86.40 2 Recruitment and trairi-'g for fieldmen and 16.61 •• •• C.03 0.04 0.07 demonstration maistries. -•3 3 Sugarcane Research Station at AnakEpalli .. 8.38 0.48 1.08 0.44 1.18 0.56 3,74 00 4 Mechanical cultivation 54.41 0.54 0.71 51.52 3.31 0.55 56.63 COO 5 Distribution of tractors under hire purchase 19.33 0.78 4.49 4.57 11.C8 10.43 31.35 system. 6 Araku Valley Scheme 13.24 2.49 2.12 2.03 1.91 0.93 9.48 7 Soil conservation and contour bunding 15.68 1.07 1.20 0.54 1.37 0.28 4.46 8 Procurement and sale of pipes (for privately 17.55 3.C0 5.25 5.50 •• 13.75 purchased pumps). 9 Hiring of departmental pumpsets .. 10.66 0.52 0.91 12.00 0.94 0.19 14.56 10 Selling pumpsets on instalment basis (hire 44.44 10.63 18.46 20.74 .. 2.52 52.35 purchase system). 11 Sinking of artesian wells .. 12.81 .. .. 12 Purchase of seventeen diesel engine driven 3.65 1.44 0.56 0.15 •• 2.15 power well drilling plants. 13 Purchase of 12 drills (since reduced to 7 drills). 6.80 2.09 0.06 0.07 2.22 14 Formation of 3 compressed parties 0.23 0.02 0.16 0.05 .. 0.23 15 Tank improvement scheme 124.30 37.40 46.94 10.78 6.98 3.19 105.29 Expenditure during. Total ex- Serial number^ o f Development and ______— -- penditure. name o f scheme. Plan 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-54. 19i-V-53. 1955-56. upto the end provision. {upto Sep- cf Sep tember 1955) tember 1955 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 0 ) (8) 16 Well subsidy scheme 12.05 18.42 3.39 20.56 23.95 5.79 72.11 17 River pumping scheme 18.42 0.01 0.01 18 Small irrigation schemes .. 183.08 93.00 13.18 0.52 106.70 19 Tube wells with filter points 31.97 1.81 15.08 2.22 19.11 20 Distribution of ammonium sulphate 638.35 21 Subsidised sale of phosphatic manures 23.01 1.29 1.72 3.01 22 Rural compost .. 0.60 0.40 0.40 iOO 23 To ^n compost making 1.27 0.20 0.44 0.01 0.09 0.06 0.80 -3 24 Distribution of green manures 25 Distribution of chemical fertilisers through 0.75 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.07 0.63 co-operative societies (supervisory staff). 26 Distribution of improved strains of paddy seeds 1 27 Multiplication and distribution of pulses seeds. } 43.94 16.39 2.01 2.14 2.14 5.00 27.68 28 Multiplication and distribution of millets ..J 29 Sugarcane development scheme 5.11 0.86 0.86 O-*!? 0.79 0.37 3.45 30 Cotton production extension scheme 13.75 0.26 0.19 0.21 0.66 31 Plant protection scheme for protection of plant 10.20 1.98 1.60 2.27 3.07 0.61 9.53 pests and diseases. *Total .. 661.38 102.43 84.09 218.92 78.17 26.60 510.21 Schemes 5, 8, 10, 19 and 20 are self-financing schemes and omitted from totals. STATEMENT—B. (Rupees in lakhs). VtltRlNARY AND AnIMAL HuSBANI:>RY. Expenditure during. Total ex- Serial number. Head of Development and pei.diiure name of scheme. Plan 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-54. 1954-55. 1955-56. upto the end provision. (upto Sep- of Sep tember 1955) ten.ber 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 32 Appointment of Deputy Director .. 0.34 0.06 0.18 0.09 0.33 33 Appointment of District Veterinary Officer for 2.00 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.26 1.89 each district. 34 Establishment of clinical laboratories 2.35 35 Opening of Touring Billets and appointmsnt of 7.22 0.38 0.53 0.63 0.85 0.45 2.84 a stockman compounder, or a veierinary or live-stock inspector to each Touring Billet. 36 Opening of a veterinary institution for each 1.97 0.06 0.06 0,12 0.14 0.11 0.49 COO taluk. 37 Live-stock improvement i Dairy-cwm-Bull 32.50 7.85 5.68 4.95 5.09 1.62 25.19 Ol Farm, Waltair. «0Q 38 Formation of Breeders’ Association for Ongoles 0.18 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.C6 0.03 0.20 39 Increase in the number of sheep and goat 0.60 0.10 0.18 0..18 0.27 0.09 0.82 demonstration units. 40 Distribution of male breeding stock 1.62 0.30 0.30 41 Artificial Insemination of cattle 0.35 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.41 Total .. 49.13 8.87 6.94 6.78 7.14 2.74 32.47 STATEMENT—C. Dairying and M ilk Supply. 42 Urban Milk Supply scheme 4.65 0.57 0.70 0.72 0.69 0.31 2.99 43 Interest free-loans to Milk Supply Societies and 9.58 2.81 2.57 1,65 2.53 0.06 9.62 interest bearing loans for purchase of equip ment. Total 14.23 3.38 3.27 2.37 3.22 0.37 12.61 STATEMENT-D. F o r e s t s . {Rupees in lakhs). Expenditure during. Total ex- Serial number. Head o f Dexeiopment and ^ C « (VII name o f scheme Plan 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-54. 1954-55. 1955-56. upto the end provision. {upto Sep of Sep tember 1955) tember 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 44 Management of Panchayat Forests 2.53 2.53 2.53 45 Further Forest reservation l.CO 0.C7 o’. 14 0.12 o’. 10 ’C’.C5 C.<8 46 Working Plan circle 3.36 1.05 0.69 0.48 0.45 0.22 2.^9 47 E'cteiiion of casuarina 3.53 0.72 0.57 0.50 0.59 0.38 2.76 48 Forest roads 1.03 0.97 0.63 1.60 49 Forest regeneration 3.00 1.69 0.99 2.68 50 Formation of forest roads in Agency 2.00 0.19 0.19 Areas. Total 16.45 4.37 1.40 1.10 3.80 2.46 13.13 oon 0 5 STATEMENT-E. COO CO-OPERATION, 51 Bifurcation of districts into two co-operative 5.50 0.66 0.44 0.C9 0.59 0.28 2.76 circk s. 5? Training to employees of co-operative societies. 0.65 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.25 C/)7 0.72 53 Subsidies to Central Banks for re-organisa ion 2.08 0.87 1.09 1.96 of rural credit societies. 54 Subsidies to Central Land Mortgage Bank 1.36 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.29 0.68 to provide cheap loans to ryots in Rayala- seema. 55 Subsidies to Central Banks to provide cheap 3.15 0.68 0.23 0.20 0.27 1.38 loans in Rayalaseema. 56 Co-opsrative fa^'ming societies for civilians 20.78 0.56 0.22 0.02 0.80 and Harijans. 57 Co-operative agricultural colonisation societies 3.54 for eK-service men. 58 Providing godowns to sale societies and rural 8.15 0.58 1.01 0.27 0.80 2.66 credit societies. 59 Formation of labour contract and forest 1.74 coupe societies. 60 Training of subordinate staff. 0.75 0.12 0.17 0.29 Total .. 47.70 3.55 3.26 1.50 2.32 0.62 11.25 F ish er ie s. 61 Service scheme in regard to Headquarters staff 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 62 Salt subsidy scheme for fish curing yards 1.61 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.14 0.03 0.90 63 Improvam^nt of Indigenous Craft and Tackle 1.39 0.03 0.08 o.n 64 Deep sea fishing 2.23 0.35 0.35 0.23 0.04 0.97 65 Intensive seed collection distribution and ex 3.93 0.47 0.46 0.38 0.43 0.16 1.90 ploiting inland waters. 66 Provision of quick transport facilities 6.20 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.11 67 Supply of yarn and other materials to fishermen 4.50 0.20 0.24 0.02 0.46 at subsidised rates. 68 Fish preservation and transport .. 0.99 0.05 0.07 0.C4 0.14 0.01 0.31 Total .. 20.95 1.35 1.36 0.93 0.85 0.30 4.79 coo STATEMENT-G. “Cl R u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t . 000 69 Rural Welfare scheme 95.27 16.90 11.03 16..34 0.73 45.C0 Total 95.27 16.90 11.03 16.34 0.73 45.00 STATEMENT-H. I r r ig a t io n . 70 Rallapadu Project (second stage) .. 50.00 2.00 7.00 11.00 16.00 7.91 43.91 71 Romperu Drainage Project 98.00 14.00 15.00 7.00 14.00 7.12 57.12 72 U pper Pennar Project 84.00 7.C0 14.00 23.00 26.00 20.71 90.71 73 Bhairavanitippa Project .. 102.00 4.00 9.13 13.13 74 Tungabhadra Project 719.00 118.00 20^00 n i ’5o 121.00 64.18 693 68 75 Krishna-cum-Road bridge 156.00 9.C0 60.00 30.56 99.56 76 Seventeen medium and small irrigation schemes 500.00 4.10 87.48 129.23 220.81 Total ,. 1,709.00 211.00 244.00 166.60 328.48 268.84 1,218.92 s t a t e m e n t I. P o w e r P r o je c t s , {Rupees in lakhs).. Expenditure durirg. Total ex- Serial number, head of Development and Plan n. I'm 1i i name of scheme. provision. 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-M. 1954-55. lS55-i6. u].Jo H.e end (ui-to Sep- of Sep- ten.ber 1955). ttn.Ler 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 77 Machkund Hydro I hermal including pilot 1 Tliermal Generation. 1,590.00 330.C0 285.00 322.C0 440.C0 13 8.CO 1,515.10 78 Transniission lines and distribution J 79 Nellore Thermal scheme ...... 93.00 9.00 6.C0 9.C0 17.C0 22.C0 63.00 80 Caittoor District Distribution including Pilot 91.00 4.C0 8.CO 5.CO 31.CO 11.00 59.CO Ther.-nal Generation Transmission and Distribution. 81 Tungabhadra common works under the con- 321.00 3.00 79.C0 72.00 38.00 192.00 trol of the Tungabhadra Board (Share of Andhra State). 82 Tungabhadra Hydro Thermal S'cheme .. 330.00 19.C0 33.C0 65.00 141.00 44.00 302.00 83 Extension of power facilities for increasing 128.00 24.67 14.72 39.39 COS employment opportunities. CO Total .. 2,553 .00 365.C0 332.00 480.00 725.67 267.72 2,170.39 005 STATEMENT J. C o t t a g e I n d u s t r ie s . 84 Sir Visweswarayya’s Industrialisation Scheme 2.67 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.08 •• 0.28 for rural areas. 85 Scheme for the development of basic and 13.38 0.81 0.86 0.03 .. •• i.70 village industries. 86 Survey of cottage industries 0.49 0.24 0.24 87 Scheme for glass bangle and bead industrial 1.38 0.47 0.50 0.35 0.31 0.22 1.85 centre at Gudur. 88 Coir industrial school at Baruva .. 0.58 0.09 0.07 0.12 0.12 0.C4 0.44 89 Tanning demonstration parties 0.65 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.12 006 0.44 90 Regional museum of cottage and small-scale 0.85 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.19 industries. 91 Grants for development of cottage industries. 0.80 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.19 92 Palm gur development scheme 5.39 0.65 0.67 0.86 0.92 0.45 3.55 93 Regional Advisory Board for select industries. 0.03 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 94 Development of Cottage Industries—Ceded 0.03 districts. 95 Scheme for Cottage Industries service centres 13.18 0.01 1.22 0.36 0.15 0.07 1.81 for the survey of standardised body and ■other materials for manufacture of stone ware and rockinghamware. 96 Government Khadi Scheme 6.90 1.51 4.29 2.21 2.71 (-)0.31 10.41 Total .. 46.34 3.99 7.84 4.17 4.56 0.54 21.10 STATEMENT K. Other Industries. 97 Reorganisation of the district set-up of the 0.32 0.05 0.18 0.23 Department of Industries and Commerce. 98 Industries—Polytechnics ...... 40.81 6.37 6.40 6.07 2.75 1.42 23.01 99 Training of Drillers and Assistant Drillers .. 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.09 100 Establishment of an Oil Technological In- 3.46 2.06 1.51 1.93 1.10 0.35 6.95 COS stilute at Anantapur. 101 Expansion of Industrial Engineering Work- 0.60 CO shops at Madras and providing up-to-date machinery. (The workshops will serve both the Andhra and the residuary states). 102 Establishment of a block glass plant at Gudur. 1.06 0.10 0.24 0.11 0.44 0.64 1.53 103 Expansion of the Kakinada Pohtechnic for 4.46 repriring and manufacturing engineering tools. Total .. 50.74 8.61 8.33 8.11 4.34 2.42 31.81 STATEMENT L. H ig h w a y s . 104 State Highways . . 126.15 42.37 33.98 23.16 14.32 2.75 116.58 105 Other roads 67.21 21.25 15.60 10.66 9.80 57.31 106 Tools and Plant 55.00 18.61 10.52 1.01 1.06 4.37 35.57 Total . 248.36 82.23 60.10 34.83 25.18 7.12 209.46 STATEMENT M. E d u c a t io n . {Rupees in lakhs.) Expenditure during. Total ex Serial number. Head o f development and penditure name o f scheme. Plan 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-54. 1954-55. 1955-56. up to the end provision. {up to Sep of Sep tember 1955) tember 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 107 Primary education including Basic education. 182.80 26.22 31.09 25.59 23.43 16.77 123.10 108 Arts and professional colleges 43.46 9.23 7.72 6.60 5.89 2.1 A 32.18 109 Training of teachers including basic training. 33.33 7.86 9.25 8.96 9.22 2.96 38.25 110 Special schools for defective children 3.01 0.09 0.13 0.20 0.40 0.20 1.02 111 Adult education 28.86 1.54 2.82 4.94 6.23 2.66 18.19 112 Post graduate training course in education, 0.47 0.05 0.30 0.35 etc. 113 Provision of research in government training 0.15 .. •• •• colleges. OOQ 114 Starting of State Central Library and Audio 6.96 • • • • 0.92 0.12 1.04 00o Visual Education Department. 115 Grants to aided libraries 0.47 .. .. 0.41 0.41 te n 116 Preparation of suitable literature for adults. 0.20 ,, 117 Introduction of bifurcated course .. 0.40 118 Audio visual education—Training of experts. 2.64 •• Total .. 302.75 44.94 51.01 46.34 46.80 25.45 214.54 STATEMENT N. M e d ic a l. 119 Improvement of Andhra Medical College and 33.10 9.78 5.36 7.00 8.09 1.23 31.46 King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. 120 Guntur Medical College Scheme and Head 41.00 0.10 0.21 3.60 10.39 0.83 15.13 quarters Hospital, Guntur. 121 Training of Additional midwives.. 2.17 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.53 1.08 122 Training of Additional Nurses .. 1.27 0.12 0.03 0.15 123 Training of Additional Compounders 0.61 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.51 124 Headquarters Hospital, Eluru 12.70 3.51 4.50 5.00 2.26 0.99 16.26 125 Improvement to Taluk Headquarters Hospi 9.32 2 22 791 2.70 2.68 4.51 15.03 tals, and increase of bed strength of badly over-crowded hospitals. 126 Establishment of Regional laboratories 2.00 127 Provincialisation of Local Fund Medical 2.24 0.06 0.14 0.28 0.56 0.32 1.36 Institutions. 128 Opening of Primary Centres 0.70 0.60 0.79 0.89 0.75 0.41 3.44 129 Tuberculosis Sanatorium and Clinics 4.00 0.50 1.05 1.32 0.80 3.67 130 Anti-leprosy campaign .. 1.50 1.17 0.04 1.21 131 Eye departments and eye relief cemps 1.64 0.03 0.03 132 Infectious diseases hospital at Visakhapatnam. 2.62 133 Improvements to Medical Colleges and 0.73 0.18 0.27 0.12 0.26 0.03 0.86 Libraries. Total .. 115.60 16.66 14.91 22.09 26.75 9.78 90.19 STATEMENT P. 600 00 P u b l ic H e a l t h . *—1 coo 134 Training of Health Visitors 1.51 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.42 135 Training of Sanitary Inspectors .. 5.63 .. 136 Urban water supply and Drainage schemes .. 184.47 25.25 25.50 22.05 25.80 12.09 110.69 137 Rural water supply 280.00 43.83 61.50 35.57 25.01 9.39 175.30 138 Expansion of Malaria Bureau 67.12 8.24 8.28 6.06 7.63 4.07 34.28 139 Rural Sanitation Unit . 0.35 0.02 0.06 0.08 140 Nutrition Research 1.92 0.37 0.38 0.21 0.23 0.15 1.34 141 Health Propaganda and Publicity 3.00 0.20 0.30 0.13 0.06 0.01 0.70 142 Expansion of health services and primary 11.81 0.40 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.32 2.02 centres. 143 Measures for the prevention of epidemic 1.57 0.44 1.13 0.31 1.88 diseases on account of food scarcity. 144 Training of Medical Officers 0.52 145 Training of Sanitary Inspectors .. 3.86 146 Filaria Control Scheme .. 11.33 0.01 0.12 0.13 147 National Rural Water Supply 60.00 •• •• 0.15 0.15 Total .. 633.09 78.37 96.47 64.90 60.52 26.73 326.99 STATEMENT Q. H o u s v n g . {Rupees in lakhs). Expenditure during. Total ex- Serial number. Head o f Development and -- —--- — penditure name of scheme. Plan 1951-52. 1952-53. 1953-54. 1954-55. 1955-56. upto the end provision. (upto Sep- of Sep tember 1955) tember 1955. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 148 Loans to members of Urban Housing scheme.. 142.01 23.76 18.43 19.25 23.72 3.46 88.62 149 Loans to Co-operative Rural Housing Societies. 4.97 0.30 0.42 0.36 0.45 0.14 1.67 150 Loans to Weavers’ Co-operative Societies. 1.00 Total 147.98 24.06 18.85 19.61 24.17 3.60 90.:’9 CO to STATEMENT R. Total .. 230.08 43.84 43.93 52.43 54.70 16.10 211.00 STATEMENT ‘S’. A chievements u p i o 30th S e p t e m b e r 1955 i n C.P.,C.D. <6 N.E.S. a r e a s . Serial number and Wead o f Activity. Community Community National Ex projects. development tension service blocks. blocks. (1) (2) (3) (4) A g r i c u l t u r e . 1 I m p r o v e d seeds distributed (Mds.) .. .. 1,69,434 92,520 1,41,C31 2 Fertilizers distributed (Mds.) ...... 4,81,585 2,57,110 4,78,613 3 Demonstrations held (No.) ...... 1,70,426 34,606 38,690 4 Area brought under fruits and vegetables (Acres). 26,918 16,966 18,777 5 Economic seedlings planted (No.) . . .. 2,44,298 3,75,872 4,87,333 A n i m a l H u s b a n d r y . 6 Pedigres animals supplied (No.) 513 364 461 7 Animals castrated (No.) 8.989 3,990 r»,9i9 8 Pedigree birds supplied (No.) . 5,403 4,513 12,857 I r r i g a t i o n . 9 Additional area brought under irrigation (Acres). 35,899 5,496 17,191 R e c l a m a t i o n . 10 Area reclaimed (Acres) 57,678 54,816 28,500 H e a l t h a n d S a n i t a t io n . 11 Dr'nking water wells (No.) (a) Constructed 531 471 378 (b) Renovated 2,404 1,585 3,123 12 Latrines constructed (No.) 1,741 1,787 2,051 13 Drains constructed (Yds.) 41,581 1,70,300 2,41,135 E d u c a t i o n . 14 New Schools opened (No.) 114 218 278 15 Ordinary schools converted into basic (No.) 358 213 319 S o c i a l E d u c a t i o n . 16 Units of people’s organisations developed (No.). 1,308 1,980 2,829 17 Community centres started (No.) .. .. 910 1,286 3,038 18 Adult literacy (a ) Number of centres (No.) .. .. 296 190 612 (b) Number of aduUs made literate (No.) .. 6,134 5,469 17,984 § 83 § CGmmunity Community Nct'c. al Ex- Serial number and Head of Activity. Prcjects. Develofment tensic .1 service Blocks. Liock. (2) (3) (4) C ommunications . 19 Pucca roads constructed (Miles) 141-7 136-2 192-7 20 Kacha roads constructed (fl) New roac’s constructed (Miles) ') (6) Existing roads improved (Miles) J 780 427-6 488-5 C o -o p e r a t io n . 21 Number of co-operative societies started (No.) 91 57 352 22 Number of new members enrolled (No.) 14,347 8,437 45,843 A r t s a n d C r a f t s . 23 Dsmonstration-cM/M-training centres started (No.). 46 27 17 24 Number of persons trained (No.) .. .. 1,249 338 426 P e o p l e ’s P articipation . 25 People’s contribution (Rs.) 38,84,652 15,67,467 39,8M80 26 Expenditure (Rs.) 68,93,024 12.15,694 40,84,930 § § STATEMENT ‘ T ’. Assessment o f Achievements u p t o 30th September J955, i n Community Projects, Community Development and N a t io n a l E x t e n s io n S e r v ic e B l o c k s . Community Projects. Community Developmeni Converted C.D, National Extension National Extension Blocks. Blocks. Service Blocks. Service Blocks. (1952-53 series). (1953-54 series). (1955-56 series). (1953-54 series). (1954-55 series). Serial number and activity. * All-India. Andhra. All-India. Andhra. All-India. Andhra. All-India. Andhra. All-India. Andhra. (1) (2) (3) (4 ) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 1 Ratio of total Government 82 53 61 36 39 41 54 52 65 6i expenditure to pro-rata-targjt. 2 People's contribation par 4,792 2,328 3,473 1,007 2,502 2,087 3,511 1,480 1,719 1,176 1,000 persons. {Rs.) A g r ic u l t u r e . 3 Seeds distributed (Mds.) .. 84.75 180 59.76 99 46.17 2C0 53.78 134 27.65 154 CO 148 44.22 440 C71 4 Fertilizers distributed (Mds.) 238.30 182 106.01 197 103.70 332 94.49 5 Demonstrations held (No.). 18.96 132 10.03 241 4.07 541 2.00 1,075 <00 39.27 319 6 Area brought under fruits .. 3.J] 176 2.97 318 1.85 680 1.97 152 0.91 87 (Acres). 7 Area brought under Vege 7.19 243 3.87 205 5.99 380 3.91 164 2.09 191 tables (Acres). A n i m a l H u s b a n d r y . 8 Pedigree bullssuppJied (No.). 0.15 307 0.10 120 0.11 345 0.18 106 0.05 160 227 9 Pedigree birds supplied (No.). 4.92 99. 3.28 146 2.67 241 3.57 207 1.27 I r r ig a t io n . 39 10 Adlitioniil area brought 54.47 59 20.59 37 15.49 38 27.31 32 7.83 under irrigation (Acres). R e c l a m a t io n . 11 Area reclaimsd (Acres) 20.98 232 10.81 127 11.54 416 11.24 117 4.18 143 r o H e a l t h a n d R u r a l S a n it a t io n . 12 Drinking water wells cons 0.67 70 0.57 60 0.43 93 0.39 59 0.33 52 o tructed (No.). 13 Drinking water wells reno 1.17 145 0.66 153 0.65 272 1.08 167 0,32 <1^7 vated (No.) 14 Drains constructed (yds.) .. 84.61 44 75.32 133 50.22 290 75.59 242 36.22 285 15 Latrines constructed (No.) 2.18 72 1.11 120 1.08 173 0.95 117 0.37 127 E d u c a t io n . 1 16 New schools opened (No.) .. 0.24 42 0.27 141 0.20 105 0.20 85 0.12 42 1 467 I 17 Ordinary schools converted 0.14 179 0.09 156 0.06 284 0.06 0.02 150 into basic type (No.). Social Education. 1 coo 18 Adult education centres star 0.70 39 0.58 59 0.38 63 0.40 65 0.40 63 1 0 0 ted (No.) OS 19 Ad alts trained/under training 7.49 19 14.21 24 6.67 107 6.86 46 6.55 78 1 coo (iNfO.). 20 Units of people’s organisa 0.93 132 0.90 348 0.51 212 1.99 70 0.55 91 tions developed (No.) 21 Communitv centres started 1.55 41 1.13 84 0.92 188 1.11 231 0.58 110 (No.). C ommunications . 22 Pucca roads constructed 0.09 144 0.10 190 0.06 183 0.05 200 0.02 350 ! (Miles). 23 Kacha roads constructed 0.66 42 0.79 62 0.31 77 0.36 67 0.17 35 (Miles). Arts and Crafts. 24 Demonstration-cum-training 0.03 133 0.02 100 0.006 33 0.01 2,4C0 0.001 centres started (No.) j Co-operation. 25 New co-operative societies 1.57 5 0.32 31 0.19 53 1.27 5. 0.25 36 started (No). 1 26 New members enrolled in 13.02 99 9.39 16 15.62 74 17.30 60 10.17 107 co-operative societies(No.) /V.5.—* All India achievements per 1,000 persons. * Phys cal achievements of Andhra as percentges to all India achievements.