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Studies on Heavy Equipment Blind Spots and Internal Traffic Control

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Studies on Heavy Equipment Blind Spots and Internal Traffic Control NIOSH Reports! Studies on Heavy Equipment Blind Spots and Internal Traffic Control Presented by David E. Fosbroke NIOSH, Division of Safety Research 2004 Roadway Work Zone Safety & Health Conference Baltimore, Maryland November 4, 2004 Outline ¾ Background NIOSH Research Worker Deaths ¾ Blind Area Diagrams ¾ Internal Traffic Control Plans Evaluating Roadway Construction Work Zone Interventions Doug Ammons, Steve Berardinelli, Jennifer Beaupre, Dave Fosbroke, Chris Griffin, Robert Hammer, Mat Hause, Scott Hendricks, Gary Mowrey, Brad Newbraugh, Kara Perritt, John Powers, Stephanie Pratt, Justin Tolpa, Todd Ruff, Bill Schiffbauer Project Organization Roadway Work Zone Intervention Evaluations Morgantown, WV Pittsburgh, PA Spokane, WA Worker Exposure Measurement HASARD Proximity Warning Devices Blind Area Determination Work Zone Analysis System Detection Zones Internal Traffic Control Plans State Transportation Departments Site Access / Partnering Construction Companies Case Definition Engineering Consultants HSRB/OMB/Photo Release Research Staff Safety Labor Unions Construction Trade Associations Equipment Manufacturers FHWA, OSHA The Problem ¾ Preventing workers from being run over by construction trucks and equipment. The Project Goals ¾ Limit exposure of workers-on-foot to construction traffic. ¾ Focus on blind areas around construction vehicles and equipment. Develop exposure monitoring system(s) Evaluate injury prevention measures The Interventions ¾ Proximity Warning Systems ¾ Internal Traffic Control Plans Proximity Warning Systems ¾ Evaluate off-the- shelf technology including: Radar Sonar Cameras Tag-based systems Camera Systems Radar Sonar Sensors Camera and Radar Camera Radar Proximity Warning Systems: Data collection methods •Video • Alarm overlay • Alarm data Warning system alarms HASARD INTERNAL TRAFFIC CONTROL PLANS Paving Model Plan – Site #1 Field Trials ¾ Direct Observation ¾ GPS ¾ Video ¾ GPS Installed on Equipment including: Asphalt Trucks Paver Rollers ¾ GPS receivers worn by workers Vermont GPS Data Overlaid in Map Point Vermont GPS Data Paving Around a Rest Area Background: Worker Deaths in Work Zones ¾ 910 worker deaths in work zones from 1992- 2000 ¾ 826 (91%) were vehicle or equipment-related (traffic vehicle, construction vehicle, or both) Worker Fatalities in Roadway Construction Trend from 1992-2000 140 (n=910) 120 100 80 Deaths 60 40 20 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year Source: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, special research file (excludes NYC) Worker Fatalities in Roadway Work Zones, by Vehicle Type and Year, 1992-2000 (n=797) 80 70 60 50 Construction vehicle 40 Deaths 30 Traffic vehicle 20 Both 10 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year Source: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, special research file (excludes NYC) Workers on Foot – Construction Vehicle Only Deaths by Construction Vehicle Type, 1992-2000 (n=258) Dump truck 41% Semi-truck 6% Grading/surfacing machine 14.3% Excavating machine 6.5% Vehicle Other/unspec truck 14% Other machine 10.4% Other vehicle/other source 7.7% 0 20406080100120 Deaths Source: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, special research file (excludes NYC) Blind Areas Definition of Blind Area ¾ A blind area is the area around a vehicle or piece of construction equipment that is not visible to the operators, either by direct line-of-sight or indirectly by use of internal and external mirrors. Vehicle Blind Spots ¾ Running over people ¾ Running over materials ¾ Striking other equipment and vehicles ¾ Rollovers ¾ Contact with utilities Area of fully obstructed view Non-Construction Vehicle Blind Spot Measurements Methods ¾ International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5006 ¾ Manual methods Light Bar Operator ¾ Computer methods Design Drawings Laser Scans Photographs Manual Light Bar Method Dump Truck (Manufacturer and Model) Ford 880 GVW 54,000 lb Serial # V00131 Machine Dimensions 7' 10" wide 23' 2" long Operator Enclosure Closed ROPS Attachments None Other Information None Measurement Technique Physical Blind Area Diagrams - Ford 880 Ground Construction BarrelWorker ~3ft partially bent over ~5ft Manual Operator Method Marking Blind Areas Within a Polar Grid Caterpillar 672CH Blind Area at 900mm above Ground Plane Blind Area Diagram Ford 880 Dump Truck Not Visible to Operator Visible in mirrors only Comparison of Manual Methods Field Crew Light Bar Virtual Reality Method Blind Area Diagrams ¾ Photo Generated Blind Areas Contract Deliverable Center for Disease Control and Prevention Contract 200-2002-00563 “Construction Vehicle and Equipment Blind Area Diagrams” Final Report Blind Area Diagrams ¾ Caterpillar Contract Shadow Method and Computer Generated Blind Areas Web Page of Blind Area Diagrams Internal Traffic Control Plans Why Develop an Internal Traffic Control Plan? ¾ Coordinate vehicle/equipment movement inside the work zone ¾ Limit exposure of workers on foot to construction traffic ¾ Reduce hazards for equipment operators Definition of Internal Traffic Control Plans (ITCP) “STRATEGIES TO CONTROL THE FLOW OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS, VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE WORKZONE” Traffic Control Plans TCP – ITCP PARALLELS TCP ITCP TYPICAL ⇒ MODEL RESPONSIBLE ⇒ COMPETENT PERSON PERSON ⇒ REQUIRED BY CONCEPT MUTCD PRINCIPLES OF SAFE CONSTRUCTION TRAFFIC CONTROL ¾ Reducing the need to back up equipment ¾ Limiting access points to work zones ¾ Establishing pedestrian-free areas where possible ¾ Establishing work zone layouts commensurate with type of equipment PRINCIPLES OF SAFE CONSTRUCTION TRAFFIC CONTROL ¾ Providing signs within the work zone to give guidance to pedestrians, equipment and trucks ¾ Designing buffer spaces to protect pedestrians from errant vehicles or work zone equipment ITCP COMPONENTS ¾ NOTES PAGE ¾ LEGEND ¾ WORK AREA DIAGRAMS SAFETY POINTS 1. Truck spotter stays at paver 2. Stage trucks to minimize backing 3. No walking behind backing trucks, in front of paving NOTES PAGE machine, across hot mat, or over trailer tongue. SAFETY POINTS PERSONNEL Truck Drivers Truck Spotter PERSONNEL Paver Operator Roller Operators Inspector EQUIPMENT Superintendent Test Personnel EQUIPMENT Oiler Trucks Dump Trucks Pavers Rollers Detailed Notes Safety Points ¾ No workers in traffic zone ¾ Spotter uses hands free radio to talk to trucks ¾ No workers on foot between a backing truck and the paver ¾ Truck spotter remains at paver until truck stops ¾ Inspectors remain away from paving train and notify spotter before obtaining samples LIGHT(S) CHANNELING DEVICE(S) BARRIER DIRECTION OF TEMPORARY TRAFFIC OR DETOUR DIRECTION OF TRAFFIC TRUCK MOVEMENT SIGN (SHOWN FACING RIGHT) PORTABLE LAVATORY - On foot personnel classes - P PEDESTRIAN WORKER A FOREMAN D SPOTTER F FLAGGER I INSPECTOR S SURVEYOR PEDESTRIAN-FREE ZONE OTHER CLASS - Vehicle Types - ROLLER PAVING MACHINE GRADER FRONT LOADER BACKHOE DUMP TRUCK (EMPTY) DOZER DUMP TRUCK (FULL) OIL OIL TRUCK WATER WATER TRUCK CRANE FORKLIFT SWEEPER BOTTOM DUMP PICKUP TRUCK MILLING MACHINE Paving Model Plan – Traffic Adjacent Paving Model Plan – Site #1 Paving Model Plan – Site #2 Ingress Paving Model Plan – Site #2 Egress STEPS IN PREPARATION OF ITCPS ¾ Review TCP and other contract documents ¾ Determine site-specific ITCP needs ¾ Draw work space ¾ Add pedestrian and equipment paths ¾ Locate staging areas ¾ Prepare notes and plan Internal Traffic Control Plans – Questions ¾ Can the need for backing be reduced or eliminated? ¾ Can the number of vehicle access points into the work space be reduced? ¾ Can pedestrian-free zones be established? ¾ Can the work space accommodate the equipment being used? ¾ Do any physical features of the site place operators at risk? Internal Traffic Control Plan: How-To Guide Revised Internal Traffic Control Plan Internal Traffic Control Plan Site 2 Draft Development Guide Internal Traffic Control Plans for Internal Traffic Control Plans for Asphalt Paving Operations Asphalt Paving Operations On Freeway Segments On Freeway Segments Task 7.1 Task 8.1 Contract No. 200-2002-00596 Contract No. 200-2002-00596 Submitted to the Submitted to the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL and PREVENTION and PREVENTION CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH Submitted by Submitted by C.L. Williams Consulting, Inc. C.L. Williams Consulting, Inc. 4720 W. Maverick Lane, Suite #103 4720 W. Maverick Lane, Suite #103 Lakeside, Arizona 85929 Lakeside, Arizona 85929 May 16, 2003 June 19, 2003 ITCP Concrete Plans Fatality Investigations http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/face/faceweb.html Participating FACE States Example Fatality Cases Case 1:45-year-old boom truck driver run over by dump truck that was backing during a repositioning maneuver. Case 2: 31-year-old worker run over by front-end loader at the site of a crushing machine. Case 3: 35-year-old laborer run over by dump truck at roadway resurfacing operation. Case 1 Minnesota Face Program (MN9207) Concrete Paving Operation Layout Truck Line Turn-around Paver Truck Queue Repositioning Turn-around New Last Truck Line Truck Truck XX Case 2 Minnesota FACE Program (98MN030) Original Site Layout Redesigned Site Layout Case 3 Two-lane County Road -- Four-lane State Highway Flagger Roller Truck Victim Victim’ s Work Area Paving Two- Machine lane County Road View from the Street View from Inside the Cab Bug Fan Shield Mirror Air Cleaner and Door Stickers Post EvaluatingEvaluating RoadwayRoadway ConstructionConstruction WorkWork ZoneZone InterventionsInterventions ¾Highway paving operations (probably major recon or new const) ¾Separated from traffic by more than cones and barrels ¾Asphalt paving ¾ Daytime operation ¾ Control and treatment sites being paved by different crews ¾ Room for research trailer ¾ Three weeks of paving at site ¾ Contractor and DOT cooperation David E. Fosbroke NIOSH Division of Safety Research Morgantown, WV (304) 285-6010 [email protected].
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