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Status of the Dedicated Short-Range Communications Technology and Applications Report to Congress Status of the Dedicated Short-Range Communications Technology and Applications Report to Congress www.its.dot.gov/index.htm Final Report—July 2015 FHWA-JPO-15-218 Produced by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center for: U.S. Department of Transportation Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology Federal Highway Administration Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Transit Administration Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The U.S. Government is not endorsing any manufacturers, products, or services cited herein and any trade name that may appear in the work has been included only because it is essential to the contents of the work. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-JPO-15-218 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Status of the Dedicated Short-Range Communications Technology and July 16, 2015 Applications: Report to Congress 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Caitlin Bettisworth, Matthew Burt, Alan Chachich, Ryan Harrington, Joshua Hassol, Anita Kim, Katie Lamoureux, Dawn LaFrance-Linden, Cynthia Maloney, David Perlman, Gary Ritter, Suzanne M. Sloan, and Eric Wallischeck 9. Performing Organization Name And Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center U.S. Department of Transportation 55 Broadway 11. Contract or Grant No. Cambridge, MA 02142 DTFH61-14-V-00014/HW4AA9 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office (JPO) Report to Congress: 1999-2015 U.S. Department of Transportation 1200 New Jersey Avenue, S. E. 14. Sponsoring Agency Code HOIT-1 Washington, D.C. 20590 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Purpose of Report This report responds to a Congressional request for an assessment of the 5.9 Gigahertz (GHz) Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) in accordance with the requirements provided by Congress in the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act ("MAP-21"; P.L. 112-141), Section 53006, codified at 23 U.S.C. 518. The report: provides an assessment of the status of DSRC technology and applications, including known and potential gaps; describes a recommended implementation path; and discusses opportunities to use commercially available communications for Connected Vehicle applications under specific circumstances. The assessment is predominantly derived from U.S Department of Transportation research, analysis, and deployment planning that has been performed in partnership with stakeholders and industry experts over the last decade. The assessment is validated by an independent evaluation provided by the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, who engaged with third party experts in reaching their conclusions. The NRC Letter Report was delivered to Congress in April 2015 and is included in this report as Appendix J. This report has been revised as needed to respond to each comment in the NRC Letter Report. Significance of DSRC DSRC is a Wi-Fi derivative technology developed to meet specialized needs for secure, low latency, wireless mobile data communications. It is uniquely configured to enable continuous, high-speed, trusted and authenticable data exchange among moving vehicles and between vehicles and roadway infrastructure or mobile devices, to support safety-critical applications, as well as less demanding mobility and environmental applications. DSRC has proven the ability to provide all of the critical attributes needed to support Connected Vehicle safety applications, which no other wireless technology has at this time. DSRC is important to the Nation as it can be configured to enable real- time crash-avoidance alerts and warnings—offering a significant opportunity to achieve a transformation in transportation safety, with the potential to address 83 percent of light-vehicle crashes involving unimpaired drivers. DSRC also provides an important new capability for enhancing the performance and safety of automated vehicles—allowing automation to reach its full potential. However, to support an implementer’s ability to leverage a wide range of communications options that are in use today, USDOT is also advancing state-of-the-industry practices in security credential management and message protocols, data distribution and capture methodologies, and data warehousing. These actions address the Congressional intent to ensure competition by not showing preference in the use of any particular frequency for non-safety related V2I operations. Known and Potential Gaps USDOT finds that there are no significant gaps in DSRC technologies or applications. Recent, emerging issues that have created some uncertainty include requests for coexistence with widespread use of Unlicensed-National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) devices, and a desire for spectrum management that can provide an active response to problems as they arise. A critical assumption in the development of DSRC-based technologies and applications was that spectrum sharing of this nature was not intended. To ensure that proposed changes in the 5.9 GHz DSRC band will not jeopardize safety critical crash avoidance capabilities, USDOT is working with industry partners and in cooperation with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to define and assess the potential for harmful interference from unlicensed broadband devices in the DSRC band. It will be important to allow sufficient time to rigorously test potential sharing solutions—including field testing under real-world conditions. Implementation Path Working with stakeholders, USDOT has synthesized expectations and preliminary plans into a candidate roadmap to guide industry and public agency implementation efforts. It offers three key milestones for the year 2040: 1. 90 percent of the US light duty vehicle fleet is DSRC enabled; 2. 80 percent of all traffic signals are DSRC equipped; and 3. DSRC exists at up to 25,000 additional safety-critical roadway locations. The roadmap is predicated primarily on a market-driven scenario wherein applications are provided by industry for consumer adoption and public agency implementation. It assumes an austere near-term budgetary environment for both public and private sectors, and builds upon DSRC footholds established through test and operational environments already existing in seven states, and others anticipated to be developed in conjunction with upcoming regional pilot deployments. As DSRC- based technologies and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) applications are advancing in a similar manner in Europe, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and Canada, USDOT is working to harmonize operational policies and voluntary industry standards to achieve global compatibility and to facilitate domestic access to international markets. Although the National ITS Architecture and ITS Standards accommodate both DSRC and other wireless and wireline communication technologies, a Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA) has been prepared, recognizing the complex nature of cooperative systems. The CVRIA illustrates one or more approaches to implementing Connected Vehicle applications, offers choices for using different technologies, and highlights the use of essential technical standards. Conclusion USDOT’s assessment is that DSRC is ready for deployment and that DSRC-based technologies and applications offer a path to a safer and more efficient surface transportation system for America. This assessment is offered in support of the upcoming National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) V2V Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) V2I Guidance to Implementers. U.S. Department of Transportation Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office Status of the DSRC Technology and Applications: Report to Congress | iii 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement 5.9 GHz, Asymmetric Keys, Automated vehicle, Basic safety message (BSM), broadband unlicensed devices, Certification, Coexistence (with unlicensed devices), communication security, Communication technologies, Connected Vehicle, Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployments, Connected Vehicle Research Implementation Architecture (CVRIA), Connected Vehicle standards plan, Crash avoidance, CV benefits, CV Pilots, CV standards, dedicated bandwidth, Dedicated short-range communications technology (DSRC), Department of Transportation (USDOT), DSRC characteristics, Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL), Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Frequency coordination, IEEE 1609.x, IEEE 802.11p, International uses of DSRC, Intersection Movement Assist (IMA), ITS Joint Program Office (ITS JPO), ITS Standards, Left-Turn Assist (LTA), Light-vehicle crashes, model deployment, Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), National ITS Architecture, National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), On-board equipment
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