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Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences Seasonal Feb-Apr.2012, Vol.2.No.2, 1102-1106 e- ISSN: 2249 –1929 Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online at www.jcbsc.org Section D: Environment Sciences CODEN (USA): JCBPAT Research Article Seasonal analysis of Physico-Chemical parameters of water in Fish industrial area, Chinnamuttom *P.A. Mary Helen, I.H. Belsha Jaya Edith, S. Jaya Sree and R. J. Shalini Jose Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri,Kaliakkavilai – 629153. Kanyakumari District , India Received: 28 February 2012; Revised: 21 March; Accepted: 30 March 2012 ABSTRACT The present study was designed to demonstrate the seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters water samples from fish industrial area in Chinnamuttom near Kanyakumari. Water samples were collected in three different seasons. Water samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total - - 2- 2- hardness, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and anions analyzed were Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, No 3 , No 2 , So 4 , Po 4 , F - and Cl -. The data showed variation of the investigated parameters in samples as follows: pH 6.69 – - - - 7.33, electrical conductivity 2573 - 3980micS/cm, F , 0.2 – 0.6mg/L; No 3 , 4 – 10 mg/L; No 2 , 0.70 - 1.22 mg/L; The concentrations of most of the investigated parameters in the water sample from fish industrial area in Chinnamuttom river were exceeded the permissible limit of WHO and CPHEEO water quality guidelines. Keywords: Seasonal variations, Physico-chemical, fish industrial, WHO, CPHEEO. INTRODUCTION The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. The environment is polluted with an increasingly wide range of organic chemicals that have been released into the air, water and soil by various human activities. Fish industry caused by pollution. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, ground water) such water which ultimately ends up in our house-holds in often highly contaminated and carries disease causing microbes. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily 1. Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, like serving as drinking water, and undergoes a marked shift in its ability 1102 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. A 2012, Vol.2, N0.2, 1102-1106 Seasonal...... P.A. Mary Helen et al . to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish 2 .Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water 3. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance can be assessed. The most common standards used to assess water quality relate to drinking water, safety of human contact and for the health of ecosystems. Environmental water quality, also called ambient water quality, relates to water bodies such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. Water quality standards vary significantly due to different environmental conditions, ecosystems, and intended human uses Modern water quality laws general specify protection of fisheries and recreational use and require as a minimum, retention of current quality standards. The complexity of water quality as a subject is reflected in the many types of measurements of water quality indicators. When gasoline is in contact with water, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylene isomers account for as much as 90% of the gasoline components that are found in the water-soluble fraction, consequently, these chemicals are some of the most common contaminants found in drinking water. Xylene isomers are toxic to humans, and their removal from polluted environments is of special interest 4 . A variety of water quality parameters were monitored in enclosures for the polyculture of penaeid shrimp with tilapia and constricted tagelus. The result showed that the environment of the polyculture systems was better than that of monoculture one. The fluctuation of DO in the water of polyculture enclosures was less violent, and their lowest values were obviously higher than those in monoculture ones. The value of COD and the number of bacteria in the water of polyculture enclosures were significantly lower than those in monoculture ones (t-test, alpha < 0.05), showing that the amount of organic matter in the water of polyculture systems was less than that in monoculture one. The biomass of plankton and the concentration of chlorophyll-a in the polyculture enclosures were also lower, showing that the suppression of the filtering animals to the plankton was obvious. The accumulation of N and P in the sediment of polyculture enclosures was 39.76% and 51.26%, lower than those of monoculture ones, respectively; and the number of bacteria in the sediment was 7.63% lower. Therefore, it is obvious that closed culture system can greatly decrease the effluent to the coastal waters caused by the pond culture industry, and decrease the pollution to the coastal waters 5. The occurrence of fungi in drinking water has received increased attention in the last decades, and fungi are now generally accepted as drinking water contaminants. The knowledge about the occurrence and diversity of fungi in water has increased considerably from a low knowledge base. However, the relevance of waterborne fungi for water quality and human health is poorly understood and still conflicting 6. In the present study, Water quality analysis was carried out in three different seasons (north east monsoon, intermediate season and dry season) from fish industrial area in Chinnamuttom river. EXPERIMENTAL Samples were collected in three different seasons (north east monsoon, intermediate season and dry season) September 2009 – March 2010 from fish industrial area in Chinnamuttom, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, South India. Water samples were tested for different physico-chemical parameters. Physical analysis: The appearance and odour of the water sample was noted by the colour, turbid and smell in sample. Turbidity was analyzed by Turbidity Meter tubes. Electrical conductivity was measured by conductivity meter. Chemical analysis: The physico-chemical parameter such as pH, alkalinity, phosphate (PO 4-P), nitrite 7, 8 (NO 2-N), nitrate (NO 3-N) were measured according to the standard procedures . Flame photometer (Model Systronic 128) was used for determination of metal ions Na +, K + and Ca 2+. Silver nitrate method was used to estimate the chloride present in water samples. Sulphate was determined by turbidimetric method. Total hardness was calculated by complexometric titration using EDTA 9. Magnesium content can be determined from the value of total hardness and calcium hardness of water. Ammonia was determined by direct nesslerisation method. Fluoride was determined by Zirconyl-Alizarin method. A water characteristic of dissolved oxygen (DO) was estimated Winkler’s methods and Sulphide 10 . BOD 1103 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D, 2012, Vol.2, N o.2,1102 -1106 Seasonal...... P.A. Mary Helen et al . determination was based on the dissolved measurement. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were estimated according to the procedure of Vogel 9. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. In this study analysis of water quality in different seasons was carried out to determine the seasonal variation of physical and chemical characteristics of water. The results were listed in table no-1. Table No- 1: Water Quality Analysis: North east Intermediate Sl: monsoon Dry Season Parameters Season No (September) (March) (January) I PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 1 Appearance Brownish Brownish Brownish 2 Odour H2S Algae Algae 3 Turbidity NT units 58 58 51 4 Total dissolved solids mg/L 2706 1750 2227 5 Electrical conductivity micS/cm 3980 2573 2573 II CHEMICAL EXAMINATION 6 pH 6.69 6.9 7.33 7 Alkalinity -Ph as CaCO 3 0 0 0 8 AlkalinityTotal as CaCO 3 804 356 376 9 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 920 600 980 10 Calcium as Ca 224 168 300 11 Magnesium as Mg 86 43 55 12 Sodium as Na 365 243 335 13 Potassium as K 115 45 66 14 Iron Total as Fe 2.71 3.06 1.41 15 Manganese as Mn 0.67 0.67 0.33 16 Free Ammonia as NH 3 8.85 7.69 6.15 17 Nitrite as NO 2 1.22 0.30 0.70 18 Nitrate as NO 3 4 10 10 19 Chloride as Cl 650 620 800 20 Fluoride as F 0.2 0.6 0.2 21 Sulphate as SO 4 103 27 40 22 Phosphate as PO 4 2 4.20 5.80 23 Tidy’s Test 4hrs as O 2 7.20 12.60 12.10 24 Dissolved Oxygen 0.00 4.10 5.10 25 BOD 21 36 36 26 COD 58 106 108 The appearance of the water was brownish and it shows algae and H 2S odour. Turbidity was in the range from 51 to 58NTU, total dissolved solids (1750 to 2706mg/L), electrical conductivity (2573 to 3980micS/cm). The obtained value of turbidity and total dissolved solids exceeds the highest desirable and maximum permissible limit of WHO standards. pH was in the range 6.69 to 7.33 and it was in the maximum permissible limit. The agricultural activities of the area where the samples were taken did not alter the pH of the water samples. Water has been 1104 J. Chem. Bio. Phy. Sci. Sec. D, 2012, Vol.2, N o.2,1102 -1106 Seasonal...... P.A. Mary Helen et al . 11 classified on the basis of hardness as follows .
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