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Village Level Tsunami Inundated Areas of Kanyakumari Districts Is Using GIS Approach, Southern Tamilnadu Coast, India

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Village Level Tsunami Inundated Areas of Kanyakumari Districts Is Using GIS Approach, Southern Tamilnadu Coast, India www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 Volume-5, Issue-3, June-2015 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 298-307 Village Level Tsunami Inundated Areas of Kanyakumari Districts is using GIS approach, Southern Tamilnadu Coast, India V. Jothi1, M. Rajamanickam2, V. P. Saravanan3 1Center for Environmental Engineering, PRIST University,Thanjavur,Tamilnadu, INDIA 2Center for Disaster Management, PRIST University,Thanjavur,Tamilnadu, INDIA 3Department of Civil Engineering, PRIST University,Thanjavur,Tamilnadu, INDIA ABSTRACT developing countries is a major reason for concern. The The major objective of this paper to assess Tsunami study of Tsunami inundation are very useful for mitigating inundation mapping and hazard assessment on large scale such losses. Tsunami inundation maps generally are used level 1:50,000 maping. The various datas like topographical to provide information about the Tsunami damage and maps, satellite images and cadastral maps are used for future potential occurrences. Information obtained from tsunami inundation mapping in Kanyakumari district. IRS- conventional geologic hazard maps do not always provide p6 LISS IV Quick bird, Images are used for the collecting information of High Tide Lines (HTL),CRZ buffers, coastal sufficient data for the users needs. The difficulty in census information and land elevation contours were presenting more relevant information on geologic hazard integrated into 1:8000 scale. The DEM maps evidently maps in conventional paper format is due to the limited showed that Colachel, Manakudi and Thengampudur villages Availability. Physical space of that format Furthermore, are the largest part area susceptible for tsunami inundation these kinds of maps provide little opportunity for users to due to low elevation and coastal confiquration. Where as ask for Additional information, to determine the Kadiapattinam, Agastheeswaram, and Kanyakumari villages relationships between different kinds of information and are situated in upland area.as a result it has extremely less important quantitative Analyses. Furthermore, Tsunami inundation.Tsunami impacts are more damaged in low lying hazards have important temporal attributes. The flat topography, creeks inlet ,river mouth estuary, etc like Manakudi and Colachel. The tsunami inundation was diverse Conversion of analog maps into digital format and the from few meters to 750 meters in inland. In coastal estuarine linking of Accessing information via mainstream GIS area water reached up to 1500m.The quantification of software, however, to require sufficient familiarity with the Tsunami inundation was controlled by coastal geological, software and a good grasp of the spatial information and geomorphological and bathymetric depth. The GIS analysis digital database structure concept. Most users would find it shoned low elevated coastal areas are more suceptable for very difficult to use the system and retrieve the Tsunami inundation. information needed. This present study focuses on tsunami inundation mapping, demarcating zones or areas affected Keywords---- Tsunami,HTL,LISS IV,CRZ,Inundation by tsunami of different magnitudes or frequencies and probability levels, and specifying the types of permissible developments in these zones. So that whenever tsunami actually occurs the damage can be minimized at least. I. INTRODUCTION Tsunami inundation maps are the essential tools for land use planning in tsunami-prone areas. A tsunami inundation On 26th December 2004,Indian Ocean earthquake map is considered as a preliminary, yet necessary initial accident occurred on 26 December. Indian coastline faced step in all regional development policies. Remote Sensing the most destructed by tsunami. The tsunami was by an can provide information on tsunami-inundated areas for earthquake of magnitude MW 9.3 at 3.316°N, 95.854°E different magnitudes of the tsunami. So that's the extent of off the coast of Sumatra in the Indonesian. In recent years, Tsunami inundation can be related to the tsunami increasing the vulnerability to natural disasters in magnitude. Such information, The High resolution 298 Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 satellite data give information on the floodplain and information of flood control works. Inundation coverage for specific flood return periods can be estimated. Using close contour information, inundation depth for giving water level elevation can be estimated which is a vital input for hazard zone mapping. The tsunami event caused destruction to both human life and property in a very short duration of occasion. A number of coasts from Arockiapuram down Colachel endured moderate to severe damages, with loss of large numbers of buildings,damage to crops. Tsunami inundation and tsunami risk mapping was carried out in different parts of the world [1]; [2]; [3]; [4] and [5]. II. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The primary aim and objectives, prepares inundation mapping of the Tsunami affected Kanyakumari coastal district using cadastral maps, satellite images and field measurements. They are as follows • To prepare Tsunami inundation map on village Fig.1.Location Map level (1:8000 Scale) • To create DEM on village level (1:8000 scale) 2.2.Geology & Geomorphology of the Study Area • To integrate Topography and Tsunami inundated Kanyakumari district is bounded by majestic hills, areas using GIS environment and the plains bordered by colorful sea shores, fringed • To prepare the Geomorphologic map.(1:8000 with coconut trees and paddy fields. Here and there scale) elevated patched off red cliffs with undulating valleys and 2.1 STUDY AREA plains between the mountainous terrain and the sea coast The coastal plain between Colachel and are also manifested. The coastal ecosystem of this district Arokiapuram (N 77 14’ 54’’ to N 77 0 33’ 58’’ E 080 10’ comprises 68 km in length and studded with 42 coastal 20’’ to E 080 07’ 06’’) is generally called as Kanyakumari fishing hamlets. The coastal geomorphology of coast. The total length of the coastline is about 44.34 km. Kanyakumari District is mainly composed of beach ridges, The Kanyakumari coast displays unique geomorphic and rocky shores, sand dunes, swampy nature in the eastern sedimentologic evidence for Tsunami impact. The study regions etc.The 68 km long coast has a heavy area is bounded by the Indian Ocean in the south, Arabian Concentration to the tune of 1,18,387 fisher folks which Sea in the west and the Bay of Bengal in the east, but the constitute about 26 percent of the total fishermen of Tamil main part of the coast faces the Arabian Sea and Nadu state. Among the 34 coastal villages,11 villages of Tirunelveli district with mountain terrain and undulating the study area were highly affected. valleys in the northern part of the coastal segment. (Fig.1) 2.3.Pre-Cambrian Rocks reveal the location of the study area. Location of the study In the Kanyakumari region, charnockite group of area. There are beautiful sandy beaches and are observed rocks is well exposed around Padmanabhapuram, as a thin strip all along the coastal region. The hilly and Aromboli, South Kulasekaram, Thuckalay and forested coastal land-forms are noticed at Muttom and Rajakkamangalam areas. This group is, generally, consists Kanyakumari coast. The terrain tends to drop steeply to the of pyroxene granulite and leptynites. They are distributed freezer and create deeply indented, sheltered inlets, bay as thin bands and lenses. The intermediate type is the most and creeks which provide ideal conditions to protect from prevalent and the rocks belong to non-foliated and crudely natural hazard. The quality of beaches depends up their foliated types. appearance and suitability for the purpose for which most 2.4. Geomorphology tourists wish to use them. All along the coast of The mountain ranges on the west, and the broad Kanyakumari the vegetation consists of coconut trees and undulating beaches are the two physiographic provinces of Palm trees which protect from coastal wind erosion. the Kanyakumari coast of Tamil Nadu. The mountain range of the Western Ghats with an average altitude of 1000–1300 m is the prominent landform in the hinterland of the study area. It is a continuous range of hills with a width of 24 to 48 km from Nagercoil near Kanayakumari in the south through the Nilgiris and the western border the 299 Copyright © 2011-15. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 Mysore plateau up the tape valley, with the Palghat Gap in total 21 transects were carried out for detailed village has a width a bout of 25 km being the only marked break. survey .The spacing between the two transects is about The coastal zone has an average width of 15km; it is 2km interval. The run up measurements were also taken widest (16km) on the confluence of Thambrabarani and from the transect drawn perpendicular to the coast. The other minor seasonal streams of variable width are also transect starts from the shoreline (waters point in surf) and present. The shoreline West of Kanyakumari up to extents up to a maximum inundation point. Elevation Kollamcode, is mostly straight barring a few rocky information was collected from high tide line to s landward promontories alternating with coves. The Thambaraparni up to 1.5km. The maximum inundation points were delta lacks deltaic protuberance, but has a typical shore, identified based on local inquiry and signatures such as concave to the sea, implying dominance of marine erosion degraded vegetation, deposited floating garbage and over riverine deposition.This part of Tamil Nadu region sediment characteristics. Inundation distances—the experiences tropical monsoon climate SW monsoon is the distance from the shoreline to the limit of tsunami dominant one of the two active monsoon seasons.The penetration Inundation distance was using theodolites. In rivers and streams of the study area are mostly dry during general, inundation distance increased on the middle part the greater part of the year and are flooded only during of study area.There was,however, considerable variability monsoon.
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