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Atrocity Prevention and Peacebuilding Key Insights and Lessons from a Global Consultation Convened by Peace Direct

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Atrocity Prevention and Peacebuilding Key Insights and Lessons from a Global Consultation Convened by Peace Direct Atrocity prevention and peacebuilding Key insights and lessons from a global consultation convened by Peace Direct Višegrad Bridge: Bosnia and Herzegovina About this report Contents This report presents the analysis and recommendations of Abbreviations 4 atrocity prevention and peacebuilding experts and practitioners Introduction and methodology 5 from across the globe. Peace Direct held a 4-day online consultation in November and December 2017, in which Definitions and International Frameworks 7 96 participants from the field shared their insights and local Executive Summary 10 experiences. 13 contributing experts facilitated 8 sessions over the course of the consultation covering a variety of topics and Framing session: The peacebuilding and atrocity prevention nexus 14 thematic issues around atrocity prevention. Fostering greater cooperation between peacebuilding and atrocity prevention 15 The report has been edited by Peace Direct while the main Local strategies in atrocity prevention 18 sections of this report include contributions from our guest The role of inclusivity in atrocity prevention 19 experts, as well as from all participants who engaged in the Self-protection on strategies key to atrocity prevention 22 online consultation. The viewpoints presented represent Locally-led reconciliation and healing as atrocity prevention 28 the consensus of participants and experts, while also noting How can sexual and gender-based atrocity crimes be better prevented? 32 dissenting views. Where quotes are unattributed, they are from Youth, peacebuilding and atrocity prevention 39 participants in the online consultation. Engaging the international community in funding and response 44 How local peacebuilders engage with policymakers The contents of this research are the responsibility of Peace on atrocity prevention 45 Direct. The text in this report should not be taken to represent A birds-eye view of donor funding for atrocity prevention 48 the views of any other organisation. A failure in response: the case of Burundi 51 Author biographies 54 Acknowledgments Peace Direct would like to extend a very special thanks to Participants 56 our guest experts and participants for their commitment and Endnotes 60 hard work in contributing to this report, and who engaged proactively in the online consultation with respect and without judgement. We benefitted from the insights, comments and recommendations shared by 96 experts and practitioners from around the world in the formulation of strategies to enhance atrocity prevention as it relates to peacebuilding. 2 Peace Direct | Atrocity prevention and peacebuilding 3 Peace Direct | Atrocity prevention and peacebuilding Abbreviations Introduction and methodology APB Atrocity Prevention Board IPTI Inclusive Peace & Transition Initiative It has been more than ten years since world leaders at the United Nations ATCC Peasant Workers Association of the KNWO Karenni National Women’s Organisation World Summit made a commitment to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Carare River – a shared global responsibility to protect populations from the risk of mass KWAT Kachin Women’s Association of BINUB United Nations Integrated Office in Thailand atrocities. Yet, despite substantial progress in elevating atrocity prevention as Burundi a global goal, civilian populations in far too many places across the world are KWO Karen Women’s Organisation BWU Burmese Women’s Union still suffering from egregious crimes. NGO Non-Governmental Organisation CAR Central African Republic OSAPG UN Office of the Special Advisers for Atrocity crimes – systematic violence perpetrated To explore this further, Peace Direct held a CDA Collaborative Learning Projects the Prevention of Genocide and the against civilians – continue to have devastating collaborative online consultation for experts and Responsibility impacts on populations in Syria, South Sudan, practitioners interested in this area to discuss CEDAW Convention on all Forms of to Protect Myanmar, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the nexus between atrocity prevention and Discrimination Against Women Central African Republic (CAR), Iraq, Yemen, and peacebuilding. Over four days in November and PBF (UN) Peace Building Fund beyond. The failure to act promptly in the face of December 2017, 96 expert participants from diverse CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child these growing crimes, despite strong international contexts and with varied expertise from across the R2P/RtoP Responsibility to Protect norms and national legislation, reflects the globe took part in a series of discussions around CRSV Conflict Related Sexual Violence limitations of the international system to prevent these topics in an online forum set up by Peace RSM Rohingya Society of Malaysia CSO Civil Society Organisation and stop these killings. Direct collaborated with guest contributors to SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons analyse the consultation findings. DRC Democratic Republic of Congo More robust peacekeeping and rapid interventions SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence have shown some promise, but they are reactive The conversations covered areas such as defining ERRY Enhanced Rural Resilience in Yemen and attempt to stop mass violence once it is already linkages between atrocity prevention and TEDiiN Teens Educational Development and underway. Effective prevention will require external peacebuilding, the role of local communities in GAAMAC Global Action Against Mass Atrocity Information Initiative responses to be complemented by a longer-term self-protection and reconciliation, and the impact of Crimes Network early prevention that focuses on local capacity donor practices on atrocity prevention efforts. This TRC Truth and Reconciliation Commission building and support for actors on the ground, report contains key reflections from their discussions, GPPAC Global Partnership for the Prevention of who experience first-hand the early warning signs captures major insights from participants and Armed Conflict UN United Nations of possible mass atrocity and genocide. Indeed, supplements the consultation proceedings with key local peacebuilders have long engaged in efforts to recommendations from experts in the field. A full list ICC International Criminal Court UNGA United Nations General Assembly bridge divisions in their communities and find local of participants is included on pages 56–59. ICRtoP International Coalition for the UNSC United Nations Security Council solutions to conflict, despite much hardship. The first section of the report focuses on the nexus Responsibility to Protect UNSCR United Nations Security Council between peacebuilding and atrocity prevention. IDP Internally Displaced Persons Resolution Experts from the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) summarise INGO International Non-Governmental WLB Women’s League of Burma the overlap in purpose and complementarity Organisation between peacebuilding and atrocity prevention. This is followed by an article by Steven Leach and Nagwan Al-Ashwal which looks at the different dimensions of inclusivity in the context of peacebuilding and atrocity prevention. 4 Peace Direct | Atrocity prevention and peacebuilding 5 Peace Direct | Atrocity prevention and peacebuilding The second section of the report focuses on local initiatives that respond to atrocities. Oliver Kaplan Definitions and International and Cristina Serna explore the effectiveness of community self-protection strategies, while Myles Wallingford and Kate Lonergan look at grassroots Frameworks reconciliation efforts and their impact on preventing future atrocities in affected communities. The third section of the reports looks at the role What are atrocity crimes? Ethnic cleansing: As noted above, ethnic cleansing of marginalised groups in preventing atrocities. Dr is not officially recognised as a distinct crime under Sarah Teitt and Visaka Dharmadasa analyse how local The United Nations Framework of Analysis1 international law, but entails a purposeful policy peacebuilders can help prevent sexual and gender- for Atrocity Crimes refers to atrocity crimes as designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove, base violence (SGBV). Ehab Badwi then looks at the including three legally defined international crimes – by violent and terror-inspiring means, the civilian role of youth as peacebuilders in engaging in atrocity genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes – population of another ethnic or religious group from prevention. and ethnic cleansing, which while not defined as an certain geographic areas. Thus, ethnic cleansing is independent crime under international law, includes encompassed in crimes against humanity, which The final section of the report centres on the role acts that are serious violations of international includes the forcible transfer or deportation of of the donor community in supporting local atrocity human rights and humanitarian law that may populations. prevention initiatives and focuses on the level themselves amount to one of the recognised of engagement between local peacebuilders and atrocity crimes. What is atrocity prevention? national, regional and international policymakers Genocide: As defined in the 1948 Convention on atrocity prevention. Brittany Roser reflects Atrocity prevention refers to a broad range of tools on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime on the key opportunities for engagement of all and strategies which aim to prevent the occurrence of Genocide the term “genocide” refers to acts actors
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