Multi-Element Abundance Measurements from Medium
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Astronomie in Theorie Und Praxis 8. Auflage in Zwei Bänden Erik Wischnewski
Astronomie in Theorie und Praxis 8. Auflage in zwei Bänden Erik Wischnewski Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Beobachtungen mit bloßem Auge 37 Motivation 37 Hilfsmittel 38 Drehbare Sternkarte Bücher und Atlanten Kataloge Planetariumssoftware Elektronischer Almanach Sternkarten 39 2 Atmosphäre der Erde 49 Aufbau 49 Atmosphärische Fenster 51 Warum der Himmel blau ist? 52 Extinktion 52 Extinktionsgleichung Photometrie Refraktion 55 Szintillationsrauschen 56 Angaben zur Beobachtung 57 Durchsicht Himmelshelligkeit Luftunruhe Beispiel einer Notiz Taupunkt 59 Solar-terrestrische Beziehungen 60 Klassifizierung der Flares Korrelation zur Fleckenrelativzahl Luftleuchten 62 Polarlichter 63 Nachtleuchtende Wolken 64 Haloerscheinungen 67 Formen Häufigkeit Beobachtung Photographie Grüner Strahl 69 Zodiakallicht 71 Dämmerung 72 Definition Purpurlicht Gegendämmerung Venusgürtel Erdschattenbogen 3 Optische Teleskope 75 Fernrohrtypen 76 Refraktoren Reflektoren Fokus Optische Fehler 82 Farbfehler Kugelgestaltsfehler Bildfeldwölbung Koma Astigmatismus Verzeichnung Bildverzerrungen Helligkeitsinhomogenität Objektive 86 Linsenobjektive Spiegelobjektive Vergütung Optische Qualitätsprüfung RC-Wert RGB-Chromasietest Okulare 97 Zusatzoptiken 100 Barlow-Linse Shapley-Linse Flattener Spezialokulare Spektroskopie Herschel-Prisma Fabry-Pérot-Interferometer Vergrößerung 103 Welche Vergrößerung ist die Beste? Blickfeld 105 Lichtstärke 106 Kontrast Dämmerungszahl Auflösungsvermögen 108 Strehl-Zahl Luftunruhe (Seeing) 112 Tubusseeing Kuppelseeing Gebäudeseeing Montierungen 113 Nachführfehler -
Binocular Universe: Northern Exposure
Binocular Universe: Northern Exposure March 2013 Phil Harrington he northern circumpolar sky holds many binocular targets that we can enjoy throughout the year. This month, let's take aim at the constellation Ursa TMinor, the Little Bear. You may know it better as the Little Dipper, an asterism made up of the seven brightest stars in the Little Bear. Above: Winter star map from Star Watch by Phil Harrington. Above: Finder chart for this month's Binocular Universe. Chart adapted from Touring the Universe through Binoculars Atlas (TUBA), www.philharrington.net/tuba.htm Call it what you will, this star group is most famous as the home of the North Star, Polaris [Alpha (α) Ursae Minoris]. Earth's rotational axis is aimed just three- quarters of a degree away from Polaris, causing it to trace out a very tiny circle around that invisible point every 24 hours. The North Celestial Pole is slowly moving closer to Polaris. It will continue to close to within 14 minutes of arc around the year 2105, when it will slowly start to pull away. While Polaris is currently the pole star, the 26,000-year wobble of Earth's axis, called precession, causes the Celestial Pole's aim to trace a 47° circle in the sky. For instance, during the building of the pyramids nearly 4,600 years ago, the North Pole was aimed toward the star Thuban in Draco. Fast forward 5,200 years from now and the pole will be point near Alderamin in Cepheus. Most of us at one time or another have heard someone misspeak by referring to Polaris as the brightest star in the night sky. -
Central Coast Astronomy Virtual Star Party May 15Th 7Pm Pacific
Central Coast Astronomy Virtual Star Party May 15th 7pm Pacific Welcome to our Virtual Star Gazing session! We’ll be focusing on objects you can see with binoculars or a small telescope, so after our session, you can simply walk outside, look up, and understand what you’re looking at. CCAS President Aurora Lipper and astronomer Kent Wallace will bring you a virtual “tour of the night sky” where you can discover, learn, and ask questions as we go along! All you need is an internet connection. You can use an iPad, laptop, computer or cell phone. When 7pm on Saturday night rolls around, click the link on our website to join our class. CentralCoastAstronomy.org/stargaze Before our session starts: Step 1: Download your free map of the night sky: SkyMaps.com They have it available for Northern and Southern hemispheres. Step 2: Print out this document and use it to take notes during our time on Saturday. This document highlights the objects we will focus on in our session together. Celestial Objects: Moon: The moon 4 days after new, which is excellent for star gazing! *Image credit: all astrophotography images are courtesy of NASA & ESO unless otherwise noted. All planetarium images are courtesy of Stellarium. Central Coast Astronomy CentralCoastAstronomy.org Page 1 Main Focus for the Session: 1. Canes Venatici (The Hunting Dogs) 2. Boötes (the Herdsman) 3. Coma Berenices (Hair of Berenice) 4. Virgo (the Virgin) Central Coast Astronomy CentralCoastAstronomy.org Page 2 Canes Venatici (the Hunting Dogs) Canes Venatici, The Hunting Dogs, a modern constellation created by Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius in 1687. -
Plotting Variable Stars on the H-R Diagram Activity
Pulsating Variable Stars and the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram: The H-R diagram is an important astronomical tool for understanding how stars evolve over time. Stellar evolution can not be studied by observing individual stars as most changes occur over millions and billions of years. Astrophysicists observe numerous stars at various stages in their evolutionary history to determine their changing properties and probable evolutionary tracks across the H-R diagram. The H-R diagram is a scatter graph of stars. When the absolute magnitude (MV) – intrinsic brightness – of stars is plotted against their surface temperature (stellar classification) the stars are not randomly distributed on the graph but are mostly restricted to a few well-defined regions. The stars within the same regions share a common set of characteristics. As the physical characteristics of a star change over its evolutionary history, its position on the H-R diagram The H-R Diagram changes also – so the H-R diagram can also be thought of as a graphical plot of stellar evolution. From the location of a star on the diagram, its luminosity, spectral type, color, temperature, mass, age, chemical composition and evolutionary history are known. Most stars are classified by surface temperature (spectral type) from hottest to coolest as follows: O B A F G K M. These categories are further subdivided into subclasses from hottest (0) to coolest (9). The hottest B stars are B0 and the coolest are B9, followed by spectral type A0. Each major spectral classification is characterized by its own unique spectra. -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
What Is an Ultra-Faint Galaxy?
What is an ultra-faint Galaxy? UCSB KITP Feb 16 2012 Beth Willman (Haverford College) ~ 1/10 Milky Way luminosity Large Magellanic Cloud, MV = -18 image credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO) and APOD NGC 205, MV = -16.4 ~ 1/40 Milky Way luminosity image credit: www.noao.edu Image credit: David W. Hogg, Michael R. Blanton, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration ~ 1/300 Milky Way luminosity MV = -14.2 Image credit: David W. Hogg, Michael R. Blanton, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration ~ 1/2700 Milky Way luminosity MV = -11.9 Image credit: David W. Hogg, Michael R. Blanton, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration ~ 1/14,000 Milky Way luminosity MV = -10.1 ~ 1/40,000 Milky Way luminosity ~ 1/1,000,000 Milky Way luminosity Ursa Major 1 Finding Invisible Galaxies bright faint blue red Willman et al 2002, Walsh, Willman & Jerjen 2009; see also e.g. Koposov et al 2008, Belokurov et al. Finding Invisible Galaxies Red, bright, cool bright Blue, hot, bright V-band apparent brightness V-band faint Red, faint, cool blue red From ARAA, V26, 1988 Willman et al 2002, Walsh, Willman & Jerjen 2009; see also e.g. Koposov et al 2008, Belokurov et al. Finding Invisible Galaxies Ursa Major I dwarf 1/1,000,000 MW luminosity Willman et al 2005 ~ 1/1,000,000 Milky Way luminosity Ursa Major 1 CMD of Ursa Major I Okamoto et al 2008 Distribution of the Milky Wayʼs dwarfs -14 Milky Way dwarfs 107 -12 -10 classical dwarfs V -8 5 10 Sun M L -6 ultra-faint dwarfs Canes Venatici II -4 Leo V Pisces II Willman I 1000 -2 Segue I 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -
Variable Star Section Circular
British Astronomical Association Variable Star Section Circular No 82, December 1994 CONTENTS A New Director 1 Credit for Observations 1 Submission of 1994 Observations 1 Chart Problems 1 Recent Novae Named 1 Z Ursae Minoris - A New R CrB Star? 2 The February 1995 Eclipse of 0¼ Geminorum 2 Computerisation News - Dave McAdam 3 'Stella Haitland, or Love and the Stars' - Philip Hurst 4 The 1994 Outburst of UZ Bootis - Gary Poyner 5 Observations of Betelgeuse by the SPA-VSS - Tony Markham 6 The AAVSO and the Contribution of Amateurs to VS Research Suspected Variables - Colin Henshaw 8 From the Literature 9 Eclipsing Binary Predictions 11 Summaries of IBVS's Nos 4040 to 4092 14 The BAA Instruments and Imaging Section Newsletter 16 Light-curves (TZ Per, R CrB, SV Sge, SU Tau, AC Her) - Dave McAdam 17 ISSN 0267-9272 Office: Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W1V 9AG Section Officers Director Tristram Brelstaff, 3 Malvern Court, Addington Road, READING, Berks, RG1 5PL Tel: 0734-268981 Section Melvyn D Taylor, 17 Cross Lane, WAKEFIELD, Secretary West Yorks, WF2 8DA Tel: 0924-374651 Chart John Toone, Hillside View, 17 Ashdale Road, Cressage, Secretary SHREWSBURY, SY5 6DT Tel: 0952-510794 Computer Dave McAdam, 33 Wrekin View, Madeley, TELFORD, Secretary Shropshire, TF7 5HZ Tel: 0952-432048 E-mail: COMPUSERV 73671,3205 Nova/Supernova Guy M Hurst, 16 Westminster Close, Kempshott Rise, Secretary BASINGSTOKE, Hants, RG22 4PP Tel & Fax: 0256-471074 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Pro-Am Liaison Roger D Pickard, 28 Appletons, HADLOW, Kent TN11 0DT Committee Tel: 0732-850663 Secretary E-mail: [email protected] KENVAD::RDP Eclipsing Binary See Director Secretary Circulars Editor See Director Telephone Alert Numbers Nova and First phone Nova/Supernova Secretary. -
Asterion and Chara – the Confusion of the Chase
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln July 2002 Asterion and Chara – the Confusion of the Chase Charles D. Bernholz University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Michael J. Lyons Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Bernholz, Charles D. and Lyons, Michael J., "Asterion and Chara – the Confusion of the Chase" (2002). Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries. 7. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, UNL Libraries by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SPECIAL FEATURE: DEVELOPING IDEAS OF SPACE www.iop.org/journals/physed Asterion and Chara—the confusion of the chase Charles D Bernholz1 and Michael J Lyons2 1 Memorial Library, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA 2 Port Jervis High School, Port Jervis, NY 12771, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The study of astronomy, as an important part of any science education programme, provides our students with insights into more than just the cosmos. It may also serve as a mechanism to link them to other natural and social sciences. This article examines equally valid interpretations of the constellation Canes Venatici as an example of how the study of astronomy may serve this multidisciplinary educational role. In addition, it is an extension of the thoughts of Stannard (2001) on communicating physics through story. -
Rocznik Astronomiczny 2002
INSTYTUT GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII ROCZNIK IGiK ASTRONOMICZNY 2002NA ROK INSTYTUT GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII ROCZNIK ASTRONOMICZNY NA ROK 2002 LVII WARSZAWA 2001 Rada Wydawnicza przy Instytucie Geodezji i Kartografii Adam Linsenbarth (przewodniczący), Andrzej Ciołkosz (zast. przewodniczącego), Teresa Baranowska, Stanisław Białousz (Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii PW), Hanna Ciołkosz (sekretarz), Wojciech Janusz, Jan R. Olędzki (Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych UW), Andrzej Sas–Uhrynowski, Karol Szeliga, Janusz Zieliński (Centrum Badań Kosmicznych) Redaktor naukowy Rocznika Astronomicznego Jan Kryński Sekretarz: Marcin Sękowski Okładkę projektował Łukasz Żak Adres Redakcji: Instytut Geodezji i Kartografii Warszawa, ul. Jasna 2/4 email: [email protected] http: www.igik.edu.pl ISSN 0209-0341 INSTYTUT GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII Arkuszy wydawniczych 24.85. Papier offsetowy kl. III, g 90, 707–500 mm. Do druku od- dano 14.XII.2001 r. Druk ukończono w grudniu 2001 r. na zamówienie ZAGiGS/IGiK/2001 DRUK: INSTYTUT GEODEZJI I KARTOGRAFII — WARSZAWA, ul. Jasna 2/4 SPIS TREŚCI Przedmowa .................................................................................. 5 Skróty stosowane w Roczniku Astronomicznym .............................................. 6 Dni świąteczne, pory roku, stałe precesyjne, obserwatoria astronomiczne ...................... 7 Czas gwiazdowy Greenwich .............................................................. 8÷11 Słońce, współrzędne równikowe, wschody i zachody w Warszawie ........................ 12÷19 Księżyc, współrzędne równikowe, -
Planetary Companions Around the K Giant Stars 11 Ursae Minoris and HD 32518
A&A 505, 1311–1317 (2009) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200911702 & c ESO 2009 Astrophysics Planetary companions around the K giant stars 11 Ursae Minoris and HD 32518 M. P. Döllinger1, A. P. Hatzes2, L. Pasquini1, E. W. Guenther2, and M. Hartmann2 1 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany Received 22 January 2009 / Accepted 10 August 2009 ABSTRACT Context. 11 UMi and HD 32518 belong to a sample of 62 K giant stars that has been observed since February 2004 using the 2m Alfred Jensch telescope of the Thüringer Landessternwarte (TLS) to measure precise radial velocities (RVs). Aims. The aim of this survey is to investigate the dependence of planet formation on the mass of the host star by searching for plane- tary companions around intermediate-mass giants. Methods. An iodine absorption cell was used to obtain accurate RVs for this study. Results. Our measurements reveal that the RVs of 11 UMi show a periodic variation of 516.22 days with a semiamplitude of −1 −7 K = 189.70 m s . An orbital solution yields a mass function of f (m) = (3.608 ± 0.441) × 10 solar masses (M) and an eccentricity of e = 0.083 ± 0.03. The RV curve of HD 32518 shows sinusoidal variations with a period of 157.54 days and a semiamplitude of −1 −8 K = 115.83 m s . An orbital solution yields an eccentricity, e = 0.008 ± 0.03 and a mass function, f (m) = (2.199 ± 0.235) × 10 M. -
Stsci Newsletter: 2011 Volume 028 Issue 02
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Interacting Galaxies UGC 1810 and UGC 1813 Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) 2011 VOL 28 ISSUE 02 NEWSLETTER Space Telescope Science Institute We received a total of 1,007 proposals, after accounting for duplications Hubble Cycle 19 and withdrawals. Review process Proposal Selection Members of the international astronomical community review Hubble propos- als. Grouped in panels organized by science category, each panel has one or more “mirror” panels to enable transfer of proposals in order to avoid conflicts. In Cycle 19, the panels were divided into the categories of Planets, Stars, Stellar Rachel Somerville, [email protected], Claus Leitherer, [email protected], & Brett Populations and Interstellar Medium (ISM), Galaxies, Active Galactic Nuclei and Blacker, [email protected] the Inter-Galactic Medium (AGN/IGM), and Cosmology, for a total of 14 panels. One of these panels reviewed Regular Guest Observer, Archival, Theory, and Chronology SNAP proposals. The panel chairs also serve as members of the Time Allocation Committee hen the Cycle 19 Call for Proposals was released in December 2010, (TAC), which reviews Large and Archival Legacy proposals. In addition, there Hubble had already seen a full cycle of operation with the newly are three at-large TAC members, whose broad expertise allows them to review installed and repaired instruments calibrated and characterized. W proposals as needed, and to advise panels if the panelists feel they do not have The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), the expertise to review a certain proposal. Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), and The process of selecting the panelists begins with the selection of the TAC Chair, Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) were all close to nominal operation and were avail- about six months prior to the proposal deadline. -
Science Academic Standards Over the Course of the Cyclical Review Process and Their Efforts and Input Are Appreciated
SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMIC STANDARDS AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR SCIENCE Mick Zais, Ph.D. State Superintendent of Education South Carolina Department of Education Columbia, South Carolina This document approved by Education Oversight Committee and State Board of Education Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Academic Standards and Performance Indicators for Science Kindergarten .................................................................................................................................... 5 Grade 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Grade 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Grade 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 25 Grade 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 32 Grade 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 39 Grade 6 .........................................................................................................................................