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Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Phaseoli) Disease and Yield of Common Bean

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Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Phaseoli) Disease and Yield of Common Bean INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT (XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. PHASEOLI) DISEASE AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN. BY BELARMINO DIVAGE B.Sc. Agric. Mussa Bin Bique University, Nampula-Mozambique REG. NO. 2012/HD02/245X A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE TRAINING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PLANT BREEDING AND SEED SYSTEMS OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY November, 2015 DECLARATION I, BELARMINO AMADEU FAIFE DIVAGE, declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own research and has not been submitted for award of any degree in any University. Signed………………………. Date……………………….. Belarmino Divage This thesis has been submitted on our approval as supervisors Signed……………………….. Date………………………… Dr. Geoffrey Tusiime Makerere University Signed ……………………… Date…………………………. Dr. Clare M. Mukankusi International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Uganda) i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents Mr. And Mrs. Divage, who have foregone some pleasures of this world to see me through education and to my brothers and sister and my niece so that they may find inspiration to excel in academia. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to especially thank to Lord, who guided me and made everything possible during this training. In a special way i thank the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)/Programme for Africa‘s Seed System (PASS) for funding my post graduate education. I am greatly indebted to my supervisors: Dr. Geoffrey Tusiime and Dr. Clare M. Mukankusi for their professional guidance and advice throughout this study. Their tireless effort and dedication are highly appreciated. Special thanks to Dr. Richard Edema, for his commitment to student welfare. In the same spirit, i specially thank Prof. Paul Gibson for all technical guidance provided throughout the course of the study and helping with data analysis. Special thanks also to his wife, Madame Pauline Gibson. Your motherly care can never be forgotten. I extend my gratitude to Dr. Sadik Kassim who has always been there in times of need for his assistance and help. My sincere thanks also go to my colleagues and friends, whose contribution towards the production of this work is invaluable. I owe a special thanks to the Government of Mozambique through the Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM), who granted me a study leave to enable me to pursue this opportunity for master‘s in Plant Breeding and Seed Systems. I am very grateful to Mr. S. Musoke, Mr. A. Male, Mr. A. Warren, Mr. O. Kiviri, Ms. C. Acam and Ms. Asfah of CIAT-Uganda, for all the helpful technical assistance they provided during the project. Finally, I greatly appreciate my family and friends for the encouragement they accorded me during this study. May God bless you all iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. I DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................ III LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... VII LIST OF PLATES ......................................................................................................................... X LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... X ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... XI ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... XIII CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Justification ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Research objectives .................................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1. Origin of common bean ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2. Agronomic characteristics of common beans .......................................................................... 6 2.3. Importance of common beans .................................................................................................. 7 2.4. Common beans production in uganda...................................................................................... 7 2.5. Constraints to common beans production in uganda .............................................................. 8 2.6. Epidemiology of common bacterial blight .............................................................................. 9 2.7. Symptoms of common bacterial blight on common bean ..................................................... 10 2.8. The pathogen- xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli (xcp) ................................................... 11 2.8.1. Taxonomy and morphology ................................................................................................ 11 2.8.2. Pathogen survival and disease development ....................................................................... 12 2.9. Breeding for resistance to common bacterial blight on common beans ............................... 13 iv 2.10. Mode of inheritance and gene action of common bacterial blight resistance in beans ........ 15 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 16 IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT IN BEANS IN UGANDA ............................................................................................. 16 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.2. Materials and methods ........................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1. Location of the study .......................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2. Description of the genetic material ..................................................................................... 17 3.2.4. Planting and experimental design ....................................................................................... 18 3.2.5. Resistance confirmation and isolate selection ................................................................... 18 3.2.6. Inoculum multiplication and inoculation of genotypes ..................................................... 19 3.2.7. Data collection .................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.8. Data analysis ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.3. Results .................................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.1. Reaction of 80 bean lines to cbb ......................................................................................... 21 3.4. Reponse of the acc lines to common bacterial blight (isolate kawempe 1) in uganda ........ 29 3.5. Reponse of the selected lines to six different isolates for cbb and assessment of virulence on the isolate kawempe 1).................................................................................................................. 31 3.6. Effect of cbb infection on yield performance under screen house conditions ....................... 37 3.5. Discussion .............................................................................................................................. 41 3.6. Sectional conclusion and recomendation ............................................................................... 43 CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 44 GENETIC MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO COMMON BACTERIAL BLIGHT AMONG AFRICAN REGIONAL BEAN GERMPLASM ......................................................... 44 4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 44 4.2. Materials and methods ..........................................................................................................
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