ISICR Vol. 16.1
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ISICR Officers President Eleanor Fish President-elect Leonidas Platanias Secretary Tom Hamilton April 2009 - Volume 16, No. 1 Treasurer Bob Friedman The History of Interferon: Some per- sonal thoughts and experiences in the Future ISICR Meetings early years of Interferon research 2009 Meeting Joseph Sonnabend Oct. 17 - 21, 2009 Joint ISICR/ICS/SLB In 1964, the world of interferon research was much different and Lisbon, Portugal really just beginning to blossom. There was no molecular biology and the tools available for research were much more primitive. 2010 Meeting Thus research into interferons required a thought process about the Joint ISICR/ICS biology of the experimental systems being investigated. The follow- Chicago, Illinois ing is a recollection from Dr. Joseph Sonnabend, one of the pioneers in Interferon research, accompanied by a reproduction of some ISICR WWW Site thoughts he circulated for discussion at that time. www.ISICR.org HI ISICR Business Office [email protected] I probably wrote this in the room I shared with Alick Isaacs. It was TEL: 301-634-7250 written in response to Joyce Taylor's experiment with actinomycin FAX: 301-634-7420 suggesting that interferon's antiviral action required cell RNA syn- thesis. Joyce and I were the only members of the virology division ISICR Newsletter Editors using biochemical techniques at that time and I was quite close to Howard Young the work she was doing, and of course Bob Friedman and I were to [email protected] work together. Hannah Nguyen [email protected] When Joyce first saw her results, we thought that an inactive prepa- ration of interferon had been used. I believe I was probably the first Seng-Lai (Thomas) Tan to realize the implications of the actinomycin sensitivity of interfer- [email protected] on action. One must remember that this was an incredibly exciting time; the time of Jacob and Monod, of derepression - in bacterial systems; the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis had just been worked out, and Sidney Brenner confirmed the Jacob/ Monod idea of the role of mRNA , I think in that same year- 1964. These were the issues that Joyce, Bob Friedman, some biochemists - particularly (continued on page 2) April, 2009 (History of Interferon, cont. from page 1) Of course I also showed it to Alick for any com- ment, he made the few annotations you can see - Ted Martin, and I talked about. It was also a time particularly adding Jean Lindenmann's name (which when virologists were venturing into biochemical was so characteristic of him). approaches. However not our division, as we had no high speed centrifuge or spectrophotometer let alone I'm sure I also discussed it with Ted Martin and a scintillation counter. Joyce and I, and then Bob, maybe others in the biochemistry division. Joyce left had to use equipment in other divisions. So I recog- around this time. nized that this was the first indication (at least to me) that maybe something similar was happening in Not only was there no comment at the time from eukaryotic systems as in bacterial systems, which those I sent it to, but Joyce herself had forgotten was then a topic of great interest. That is, the about it when I showed it to her a few years ago. induced synthesis of specific proteins. Alick Issacs was completely disinterested in these discussions at Just out of interest I did later write a kind of devil's that time. advocate alternative interpretation of the need for RNA synthesis (Sonnabend, J. A., I. M. Kerr, and I wrote the few pages in this state of enthusiasm. E. M. Martin. 1970. Development of the antiviral Joyce and Bob read it - it reflected what we were state in response to interferon, p. 172-183. In talking about. Interferon. Little, Brown & Co.,Boston). It was not intended for publication, but we sent it to interferon labs, those we knew, which may have been all there were at that time - there were so few. This was 1964. I cannot remember that there was any response. Bratislavia 1964 From left to right: Tom Merrigan, Sam Baron, Joseph Sonnabend and Bob Friedman Bratislava 1964 Bob Friedman, Sam Baron, Joseph Sonnabend 2 International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research (History of Interferon, cont. from page 2) April, 2009 3 (History of Interferon, cont. from page 3) 4 International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research (History of Interferon, cont. from page 4) April, 2009 5 (History of Interferon, cont. from page 5) 6 International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research John Matthias NEW ISICR Roche Kulmbach Gmbh, Kulmbach, Germany MEMBERS Theresa Peterson Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, Canada We welcome all the new members to the ISICR and Nicholas Plotnikoff encourage their participation in the annual meeting TNI Pharmaceuticals, Ocean City, NJ USA as well as ISICR committees and initiatives. Bernhard Baune Selena Sio Nat'l Univ of Singapore, Singapore James Cook Univ - Sch of Med, Queensland, Australia Irina Soldatova Viviane Calabrese Russian State Med Univ, Moscow, Russian Federation Univ of Montreal, Montreal, Canada Marina Degtyareva Mathieu Vernier Univ de Montreal, Montreal, Canada Russian State Med Univ, Moscow, Russian Federation Todd Wuest Aurelio Flores-Garcia Univ of Oklahoma - HSC, Oklahoma City, OK USA Universidad Autonoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Mexico Hiroki Yoshida Simone Haeberlein Saga Univ Faculty of Med, Saga, Japan Univ Clinic of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Sylva/Sotiria Haralambous Hellenic Pasteur Inst, Athens, Greece Claudia Jursik New Member Minibios Bender Medsystems, Vienna, Austria Thomas Tan Archontoula Nadia Kavrochorianou Dr. Bernhard Baune Hellenic Pasteur Inst, Athens, Greece Professor and Head of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Neuroscience Joseph Kuijper James Cook University, Australia Zymogenetics, Seattle, WA USA Dr. Baune received his medical and scientific training Thomas Lavoie (including PhD training) at the University of Muenster, Germany. Prof. Baune's research focuses on the rela- PBL InterferonSource, Piscataway, NJ USA tionship between cytokines and neuropsychiatric disor- ders with an emphasis on cognitive impairment and James Lucas Honokaa mood disorders. In basic research, his group investi- Hawaii, USA gates the physiological role of TNF in neurodevelop- April, 2009 7 (Minibios, cont. from page 7) work on mammalian transcription factors, which was ment and cognitive function such as learning and conducted at the IBMC in Strasbourg, France. memory in mice; including analysis of the complex Afterwards he joined the lab of Kevin Struhl at phenotype of cognition and the molecular basis of Harvard Medical School and investigated interactions TNF expression in the brain (e.g. in the hippocampus). between signaling pathways and transcription factors In human studies, Dr. Baune's research showed the rel- in yeast. In 2001, he became one of the first employ- evance of IL-8, IL1-beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in cog- ees of Ribopharma AG. This company was the first nitive function, such as memory and cognitive speed in one worldwide to develop new innovative drugs adults. In addition, Dr. Baune's current work in phar- based on short interfering RNA. After 4 years with macogenetics focuses on the modulating effects of Alnylam pharmaceuticals, the whole research unit cytokines, including their intracellular signalling path- was acquired by Roche in 2007. For several years, ways during antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, the Matthias group has been investigating the Dr. Baune has recently published a cytokine model of immune responses to siRNA and ways to minimize cognitive function under physiological conditions the side effects of RNA-based drugs. (Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews). Currently, Dr. Baune's research investigates the clinical application of anti-TNF treatment options to improve Hiroki Yoshida M.D., Ph.D. learning and memory among other cognitive functions Professor, Department of in depression. Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501 Aurelio Flores García, Japan M.D., Ph.D. Dr. Hiroki Yoshida received his medical training at Professor of Immunology Kyushu University and Tokyo Women's Medical Faculty of Medicine University hospital. His Ph.D. training was conduct- Autonomous University of Nayarit, ed in the Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu Tepic, Nayarit, México University. After completing his doctoral studies, he Dr. Aurelio Flores obtained his medical degree from became a post-doctoral fellow at the University of the University of Guadalajara, México. He obtained Toronto under the supervision of Dr. Tak Mak. his Ph.D. in Immunology at the University of During his time at the U of T, he generated various Guadalajara, Mexico in 2004. His research focuses gene knockout mice, including NF-ATc1, Apaf1, on the role of IL-12 in both, innate and adaptive RANKL (OPGL), and WSX-1 (IL-27R±). immune response to Sporothrix shenckii infection in Investigation of WSX-1-deficient mice initiated his an animal model of sporotrichosis, specifically, ana- study of IL-12-related cytokines. He established his lyzing the therapeutic effect of rmIL-12 to cure this independent research laboratory in 2003 at Saga infection, as well as the pathways implicated. He is University. He is currently investigating the role of also interested in investigating the role of the IL- IL-27 and related cytokines in autoimmune diseases 23/IL-17 proinflammatory axis in obesity. as well as protozoan and bacterial infections. He received prizes for his researcht from JSICR (2006) and the Japan Medical Association (2008). Matthias J. John, Ph. D. Associate Director Biochemistry Group leader: immuno safety of RNAi- therapeutics Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Germany Dr. Matthias John began his research career studying biology and biochemistry at the University of Erlangen in Germany. He earned his Ph.D. for his 8 International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research GeneGo donates pathway slides matching between rodent and human, but rather on the specific manual curation of rodent genes, pro- to the ISICR slide repository teins, protein complexes, protein function, transcrip- tional regulation, etc.