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10°W 5°W 0° 5°E 10°E 15°E 20°E 25°E 30°E 35°E 70°N 40°E 25°W 20°W Source of information ENTSO-E members and European Network of Transmission observer members System Operators for Electricity Russia System Operators of the UPS of Russia 15°W MJO 25°W Ukraine UKRENERGO National Power Company Varangerbotn 70°N Hammerfest 10°W Adamselv 65°N GED Kirkenes Borisoglebskaya HPP 8 LAV Utsjoki GLE VAR Serebryanskaya HPP 15 BLA Nikel Skogfoss RAN Interconnected network Vykhodnoy HRU KRA Alta Kvænangsbotn 40°E VAT of Northern Europe Kaitakoski HPP Guolasjakka BRE GEH KOR Olenegorsk FITOLD RAU ICELAND EYV Ivalo NES 2017 Skibotn Balsfjord HAM REY SVA SOG Monchegorsk KOL SUL HRA FLJ HRY HEL ESK As of 31/12/2016 Kol'skaya NPP VAF Straumsmo BUR SIG Titan 65°N Innset TEH Narvik HOL PRE Tornehamn Sildvik Vajukoski Kuolajärvi Skomen Ofoten Knyazhegubskaya 20°W 15°W Isoniemi Kokkosniva Ritsem Vietas 0 50 100 200 300 400 Kobbelv Loukhi km Siso Salten Seitakorva EA Porjus Scale: 1 : 3 000 000 S Vanttauskoski AN Lomi Seitevare Harsprånget I 65°N WEG Valajaskoski NOR Messaure Pirttikoski Ligga Petäjäskoski Akkats Lines and cables Plants and stations Svartisen Ossauskoski Letsi Kostomuksha Putkinskaya HPP-9 Different voltages (colours) Symbols for under operation and 750 kV transmission line under construction Taivalkoski Krivoporozhskaya HPP-14 500 kV transmission line Biogas Porsi Djuptjärn Keminmaa 380-400 kV transmission line Biomass Sellee 300-330 kV transmission line Brown coal/Lignite Rana Kemi 220-275 kV transmission line Coal derived gas Isohaara Simo 110-150 kV transmission line Fossil fuel Laxede Kalix DC-line Fossil gas Røssåga Veitsiluoto Fossil oil Svartbyn Myllykangas Different lines (for all voltages) under operation Fossil peat 1 circuit Geothermal Raasakka Double circuit Hard coal Isokangas Double circuit with 1 circuit mounted 65°N Hydro marine Kivivaara Peuravaara >= 3 circuits Hydro mixed pump storage Ondskaya HPP-4 Bastusel Pikkarala Pyhänselkä Hydro pure pump storage Ajaure Råbäcken Additional information for all lines and voltages Hydro pure storage Gejmån Toppila Pälli Under construction (dashed) Hydro run of river and pondage Gardikfors Seitenoikea Segezha Gallejaur Utanen Underground (for onshore lines and cables) Mixed fuels Juktan Nuottasaari 220 Currently used voltage Nuclear Blaiken Pyhäkoski (220) Nuojua Jylhämä Temporary voltage Oil shale Kolsvik 15 Numeral as explained below Other fossil fuel Vagfors Other (not listed) Sarvankangas Solar Stalon Grundfors Other elements Högnäs Solar photovoltaic Vuolijoki RUSSIA Additional information for all lines and voltages Solar thermic Namskogan Tohkoja Substation Waste Linnvasselv Kvistforsen Medvezh'egorsk Converter station Waste (non renewable) Storbäck Jylkkä Mustilankangas Converter station back-to-back Waste (renewable) Tunnsjødal Blåsjön Haapavesi Substation & Power plants Wind farm Junsterforsen Tuggen Uusnivala Korsselbränna The map is a comprehensive illustration of the interconnected networks, it shows existing elements and those under construc- tion: power plants, converters, substations and high-voltage cables/lines with towers designed for voltages of a) 220 kV and Gäddede higher b) 110 kV to 150 kV in the areas of Cyprus, Denmark, Iceland, Israel/PA and Norway and c) 110 kV to 150 kV if these Stenkullafors lines cross national frontiers and are operated by TSOs. If the operation voltage differs from that indicated by the colour, this Harrsele voltage is given alongside the line. Lines with more than 2 circuits bear a numeral that is explained below. The first number Bågede Åsele indicates the number of circuits and the voltage at the final stage of construction (depending on the design of towers); the Hirvisuo numerals in brackets indicate the number of circuits and the voltage at the present stage of construction. FINLAND Uimaharju 35°E 31 4x380 (2x380 + 2x220) Bessakerfjellet Alholmen Kondopoga 1 1x380 + 2x220 11 2x380 + 2x220 (1x220) 21 4x380 (1x220) Trattberget Stornorrfors Kondopoga (16) 32 4x380 (3x380 + 1x220) 2 2x380 + 2x220 12 2x380 + 2x220 (2x220) 22 4x380 (2x220) Alapitkä 33 4x380 + 2x220 (2x380 + 1x220) Wisaforest 3 3x380 13 2x380 + 2x220 (3x220) 23 4x380 (3x220) Havsnäs 34 4x380 + 2x220 (3x380 + 2x220) Hällby 4 4x380 14 2x380 + 2x220 (4x220) 24 4x380 (1x380) 35 4x380 + 2x220 (2x380) Gulsele Pamilo 5 4x380 + 2x220 15 2x380 + 2x220 (1x380 + 1x220) 25 4x380 (2x380) Stensjön 36 3x220 6 2x380 + 1x220 16 2x380 + 2x220 (1x380 + 2x220) 26 4x380 (3x380) 37 4x220 (1x220) 7 2x380 + 4x220 17 2x380 + 2x220 (1x380 + 3x220) 27 4x380 (1x380 + 1x220) 38 4x220 (2x220) Olden Degerforsen Suoyarvi Petrozavodskmash 8 2x380 + 2x220 (1x380) 18 2x380 + 2x220 (2x380 + 1x220) 28 4x380 (1x380 + 2x220) 9 2x380 + 2x220 (2x380) 19 1x380 + 2x220 (1x380 + 1x220) 29 4x380 (1x380 + 3x220) 39 4x220 (3x220) Juveln Lasele Långbjörn Joensuu 10 2x380 + 4x220 (4x220) 20 1x380 + 2x220 (1x220) 30 4x380 (2x380 + 1x220 40 4x220 Betåsen Storfinnforsen Alajärvi Petrozavodsk Drevlyanka Nämforsen NGC threshold in MW Moliden Hitra RamseleKilforsen Moforsen Tuovila All existing power plants and those under construction with NGC (Net Generating Capacity) equal or higher than the values Kattstrupeforsen Forsmo indicated in the following table are displayed on the map even if they are not connected to the high-voltage network. CHP Strinda Högåsen Järpströmmen Torkkola StugunGammalänge Lyaskelya (Combined Heat & Power) classification (coal, natural gas, biomass ...) is based on main fuel. The third column of the table Smøla Hjälta Vaskiluoto Äänekoski below indicates the visibility of CHP by country. Orkdal Mörsil Huutokoski Sällsjö Seinäjoki Country Non renew- Renew- CHPs Country Non renew- Renew- CHPs Midskog Forsse Vihtavuori able able included able able included Trollheim Klæbu Surna Näverede Albania 100 20 n.a. Iceland 10 10 no Brattsberg Krångede Stadsforsen Austria 100 50 yes 100 n.a. Santavuori Ireland 50 Svarthålsforsen Sortavalskaya Belgium 100 100 yes Italy 100 50 n.a. Grana Hölleforsen Bosnia & Herzegovina 100 50 no Latvia 100 40 no Nea Bräcke Petäjävesi Keljonlahti Bulgaria 75 60 yes Lithuania 100 30 yes Järkvissle Croatia 100 40 yes Luxembourg 100 50 yes Trångfors Cyprus 100 30 n.a. Montenegro 100 50 no Brattset Mörttjärnberget Bergeforsen Czech Republic 150 30 yes The Netherlands 100 50 no Torpshammar Nysäter Nizhne-Svirskaya HPP-9 Denmark 100 100 yes Norway 50 50 no Sunndalsøra Kristiina Estonia 100 50 yes Poland 200 50 no Aura Litjfossen Rätan Ånge Jämsä Finland 100 50 yes Bandsjö Portugal 100 50 yes Ørskog France 150 80 yes Romania 100 50 yes Ulset Kristinestad FYROM 100 50 yes Russia 80 45 yes Driva Långå Vaple Toivila Visulahti GB (England & Wales) 100 100 yes Serbia 100 50 yes Grytten Järnvägsforsen Hällsjö Kaukopää GB (Northern Ireland) 100 50 yes Slovak Republic 100 100 yes Turinge Metsälä GB (Scotland South) 30 30 yes Slovenia 80 10 yes Pursiala Imatra GB (Scotland North) 10 10 yes Spain 65 50 no Lielahti Svetogorskaya HPP-11 Germany 200 100 yes Sweden 100 100 n.a. Tafjord Nordiåsen Tainionkoski 5°W Greece 100 50 yes Switzerland 100 100 no Ørsta Hungary 50 50 yes Turkey* 100 50 n.a. Naistenlahti Kangasala Tahkoluoto Peittoo Joutseno NORWAY Kaukas Sveg Power systems Ulvila Melo Kuusaanniemi Vyborgskaya Kamennogorskaya Syas Ljusdal Meri-Pori Lavianvuori Yllikkälä Framruste Vågåmo Laforsen Rendalen Krokströmmen Kaanaa Kuusankoski 60°N Åskara Ålfoten Mertaniemi Harjavalta Huittinen Koria Kymijärvi Zelenogorskaya Jostedal Nedre Vinstra Hikiä Kymi ENTSO-E Other power Harpefossen Dönje Olkiluoto Anjala members* systems Moskog Skagen-Fortun Leirdøla SWEDEN Metsä-Rauma Rauma Mussalo Severo-Zapadnaya CHPP Tyin Trängslet Forssa *TEIAŞ is an ENTSO-E observer member Øvre Vinstra Söderala Anttila Årøy Hunderfossen Loviisa Saint-Petersburg Lutufallet Nurmijärvi Leningradskaya NPP Høyanger Fardal in Sogn Neste Porvoo Hove Lomen Torpa Tammisto Leningradskaya NPP-2 Borgund Åbjøra Ockelbo Länsisalmi Martinlaakso Korporskaya Refsdal Lieto Vuosaari Kirishskaya TPP-19 Salo Kopula Steinsland Espoo Hanasaari Aurland Bagn Höljes Valbo Älvkarleby Naantali Leningradskaya Mongstad Heimsil 1 Salmisaari Gatchinskaya Ängsberg Dannebo Kirkniemi Evanger Heimsil 2 Kellosaari Ust'-Luga 60°N Dale Stackbo Suomenoja Finnböle Forsmark Chudovo Sima Hofors Inkoo Kingiseppskaya Samnanger Nes Bäsna Untra Balti EJ Nygard Repbäcken Horndal Eidfjord Gråska Hallstavik Tingsbacka Püssi Bergen Kaggefoss Eesti EJ Oksla Uvdal Tuna Iru Novgorodskaya Bredåker Aruküla Rakvere Mauranger Nore Harku Luzhskaya Tysso Senneby Auvere EJ Eidskog Morgårdshammar Oslo Uppsala Malsta Paldiski Kvanndal Vemork Såheim Sylling Novgorodskaya CHPP Røldal Novle Plenninge Kiisa Yugo-Zapadnaya KjelaSonga Rånåfossen Starfors Kiisa Emergency PP Blåfalli HamraBoländerna Odensala Sauda Charlottenberg Finnslätten Aulepa Paide Kykkelsrud Vallentuna Ulla-Førre Vinje Hjartdøla Himmeta Hylen Kvilldal Starorusskaya Holen Tokke Vamma Lindbacka Arosverket Stockholm Värtaverket Karstø LiastølenSaurdal Sundsbarm Hasle Åbyverket Åker Ekudden Tartu Borgvik Kolbotten ESTONIA Roskrepp Dounreay Hallsberg Solberga Skien Halden Hall Baillie & Bernaheig Duge Brokke Finndøla Fjone Hedenlunda Sindi Causeymire Stavanger Tjodan Östansjö Kvinen Burn of Whilk Pskov Boulfruich Jørundland Glan Kilingi-Nomme Camster Tjørhom Hekni Tsirguliina Pskovskaya TPP Loviseholm Gordonbush Solhom Ruusmäe Høg-Jæren Händelöverket Velikoretskaya Valka GB (3) Tonstad Moholm Timmersdala A 01 Earlstoun 18 Longannet E Beinn Tharsuinn Kimstad S Rothes II 02 Glenlee 19 Grangemouth TIC Linköping BAL
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  • Assessment of Attitudes Towards Bioenergy by Forestry Experts in the Republic of Karelia

    Assessment of Attitudes Towards Bioenergy by Forestry Experts in the Republic of Karelia

    ALUE JA YMPÄRISTÖ Maxim Trishkina, Eugene Lopatinb & Olga Gavrilovac Assessment of attitudes towards bioenergy by forestry experts in the Republic of Karelia Abstract The Republic of Karelia is situated in the northwestern part of Russia and represents approximately 1 % of the country’s territory. Forests cover 53 % of the total area, with 70 % of the total forest area available for harvesting. The bioenergy sector is relatively significant as it contributes 10 % to the total energy supply in Karelia, which as a fossil fuel deficient region is highly dependent on imported energy resources from other regions of the country. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the role and position of bioenergy in the Republic of Karelia. It was done by exploring the perception of forestry professionals and forestry students towards bioenergy production in comparison with other forest uses. The role and position of bioenergy was identified through the assessment of the importance of landscape elements, ranking of adverse environmental effects on surrounding landscapes, input to the local economy and importance in planning principles. The results indicate that bioenergy production is perceived to have a low negative effect on the surrounding environment but also a low economic input to the local economy of the region. In addition, bioenergy is perceived to have a low influence on planning principles according to the opinions of the respondents. Statistically significant differences were found between the opinions of respondents with different occupations in regards to the main factors that negatively affect the surrounding environment. In general, the respondents indicated that bioenergy production is of moderate importance, although more research is needed in this field.