1 2 AmCham Board Contents

Edward Mouradian President Prudence Law Firm

David Atanessian Editorial...... 4 First Vice President AmCham Events...... 6 First Mortgage Company AmCham New Members...... 8 Georgi Isayan Member to Member Program...... 10 Second Vice President and Treasurer Member News...... 14 LTX-Credence Armenia

Ararat Ghukasyan Director Byblos Bank Mining Sector: Benefits, Challenges and Development Perspecties...... 26 Arthur Hovanesian By Alexander Aramyan Synergy International Systems Interview with Armen Movsisyan...... 37 Diana Ghazaryan Director By Alexander Aramyan Booz Allen Hamilton The Mining Industry in Armenia...... 40 Gagik Arzumanyan By Alexander Aramyan Director Armenian Copper Program Lydian International in Armenia...... 48 Gagik Gyulbudaghyan Director Zeppellin Armenia LLC...... ………….....55 Grant Thornton Interview with Simon Papyan...... 56 Garnik Tonoyan By Alexander Aramyan Director Ingo Armenia Deno Gold Mining Company in Armenia...... 60 Heiko Kreisel Director Global Non-Ferrous Metals Industry...... 68 Zeppelin Armenia By Alexander Aramyan

Karen Zakaryan Interview with Didier Fohlen...... 72 Director By Lydian International NASDAQ OMX

Tigran Gasparyan The Tolerance of Society Towards Mining...... 79 Director By Edita Vardgesyan KPMG

Elizabeth Hanny Ex-Officio Member U.S. Embassy in Armenia Executive Office Contacts

Diana Gaziyan 1 Amiryan Str., Executive Director Armenia Marriott Hotel, 3rd floor, room 315, 317 Irina Chobanyan Yerevan, RA Member Relations Specialist Tel: (374 10) 599 187 Ani Sahakyan Fax: (374 10) 587 651 Communications Specialist E-mail: [email protected] Kristina Vardanyan Web: www.amcham.am Accountant Publisher American Chamber of Commerce in Armenia The content of this publication must not be reproduced in full or in part without prior written permission of the publisher. Designed by McCann Erickson Printed by Tigran Mets CJSC. 3 Editorial

Diana Gaziyan Executive Director American Chamber of Commerce in Armenia

Dear Readers,

This issue of the AmCham Business Magazine is devoted to the mining industry in Armenia. There are different opinions in our society regarding the role and activities of the mining companies. This issue of the magazine strives to draw a picture of the Armenian mining industry by including the opinions of various stakeholders from government, business, civil society, and local communities, as well as presenting analytical articles and global mining practices. The role of the mining sector in the economic life of Armenia is significant. As stated in the magazine, according to Armenian National Statistical Service, in 2011, the volume of the Armenian mining industry constituted around 170 billion drams (around $450 million), representing 4.5 percent of GDP. The Armenian government’s State Revenue Committee provided information revealing that in 2011, the overall value of metal exports reached approximately $700 million. This constitutes 52.5 percent of the total exports of Armenia. In the regions of the country, where mining companies operate, the latter are considered to be the number one employers, thus, addressing the economic needs of the local population. The largest mining operations are also among the biggest taxpayers in the country. However, mining is also an environmental concern for civic movements and activists in Armenia. Mining may pose a major environmental threat if the possible impact is not calculated accurately and honestly and mitigated accordingly. Taking into account the economic aspect, many leading mining economies (such as in Australia, Canada, U.S., etc.) have found ways to cope with and minimize the harmful effects of mining, imposing certain rules and standards on the mining companies operat- ing in these countries. In this light, as it is mentioned in one of the articles of the magazine, the issue is not whether to mine, but how to mine. Responsible mining is the only way to promote economic development and reduce poverty in the country. A responsible min- ing company should conduct a thorough environmental impact assessment, invest in modern technology, and follow certain rules for alleviating the negative effects on environment. It should also promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) prac- tices, both within the company and in the local communities, to secure their sustainable development. You will find information on this and other mining related topics in the publication.

Enjoy reading the magazine! 4 5 AmCham Events

AmCham Organizes Sector Meetings with its Members AmCham Board of Directors has During the meetings, participants pre- which companies operate and specific resolved to conduct meetings with its sented the issues that they had faced problems raised by them. This will al- members by sectors in order to ad- during their operations and, most im- low AmCham to be more effective in dress the issues raised by its member portantly, offered potential solutions, addressing the needs of its member companies in a more effective manner. based on their expertise and best inter- companies with regard to doing busi- Sector meetings have covered all in- national practices. ness in Armenia. AmCham will proceed dustries represented by AmCham. Both the AmCham executive staff and Direc- The discussions helped AmCham bet- with advocating for the raised issues tors participated in the discussions. ter understand the environment in with the relevant government agencies.

AmCham Co-organizes the "Constraints and Solutions" Conference

On June 14, 2012, AmCham co-or- ganized the “Constraints and Solutions” Conference with the USAID-funded Enterprise Development and Market Competitiveness (EDMC) Project and the State Commission on Protection of Economic Competition (SCPEC). Dur- ing the conference the U.S. Ambassa- dor to Armenia John Heffern, SCPEC Chairman Dr. Artak Shaboyan, and se- nior government officials joined Arme- maceuticals/biotechnology, hospitality, nia’s business community to discuss and information technologies. market competition issues. SCPEC Chairman Shaboyan noted that There were over 100 invited guests economic competition is not only im- present at the conference, the objec- portant for Armenia’s economic growth tive of which was to share knowledge and prosperity, but also for enabling a and best practices in identifying and competitive position in the international combating anti-competitive practices, market and for protecting consumer especially in regards to businesses op- rights. The Chairman called upon all erating in USAID/EDMC-supported val- participants to refer competition issues ue chains, i.e. food processing, phar- to the Commission. 6 AmCham Events

AmCham Membership Meeting with Minster of Economy and EU Delegation Head

On June 14, 2012, AmCham held a meeting, where the invited speakers were the Armenian Minister of Econ- omy Tigran Davtyan, and the Head of EU Delegation to Armenia Traian Hristea. The topics of discussion were the Eastern Partnership Program and Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area between Armenia and the EU. There were representatives present from over 20 AmCham member com- panies at the meeting, which took place in Marriott Armenia Hotel. After the presentations by Ambassador Hristea (Eastern Partnership Program) and Minster Davtyan (Deep and Com- prehensive Free Trade Area), the par- ticipants of the meetings were provided the opportunity to engage in a Q&A session with both guests.

AmCham Convenes its Annual General Meeting

On September 10, 2012, AmCham to serve as the First and Second Vice held its twelfth Annual General Meet- Presidents respectively. The General ing in Armenia Marriott Hotel chaired by Meeting elected the Directors as fol- AmCham president Edward Mouradian. lows in the alphabetical order: Ararat Among the discussed issues were the Ghukasyan of Byblos Bank Armenia achievements and development pros- CJSC, Arthur Hovanesian of Synergy pects of the organization, cooperation International Systems Inc. Armenian with the Armenian government around Branch, Diana Ghazaryan of Booz Al- the raised issues, financial reports, etc. len Hamilton, Gagik Arzumanyan of The General Meeting stressed the im- Armenian Copper Programme (ACP), portance of AmCham cooperation with Mouradian of Prudence Law Firm was Gagik Gyulbudaghyan of Grant Thorn- the U.S. Embassy in Armenia and ex- re-elected as the AmCham Board Pres- ton CJSC, Garnik Tonoyan of Ingo Ar- pressed its gratitude to the latter for ident. Managing Partner of First Mort- menia CJSC, Heiko Kreisel of Zeppelin following up on the issues raised by gage Company, David Atanessian, and Armenia, Karen Zakaryan of NASDAQ AmCham. Director of LTX-Credence Armenian OMX, and Tigran Gasparyan of KPMG During the General Meeting Edward LLC, Georgi Isayan, were re-elected Armenia CJSC.

7 AmCham New Members

AmCham Welcomes New Members

"Citadel" Business Center is a mo- all made to help our tenants concen- and corridors. Modern external lighting dern 9-storey building located in the trate on their priorities. highlights the unique architecture of the center of the city, at the crossroad of building. The professional security service pro- Teryan and Koryun streets. Distinguish- vides a 24-hour guarding of the building Automatic alarm system of Citadel ing feature of Citadel is its modern de- and the adjacent territories. The exter- makes possible to determine the place sign, which combines into one comfort nal public use areas, the perimeter of of fire at any premises of the building. and functionality. It is made to support the building and the parking lot of the All alarm signals are processed by the successful business operations. business centre are under a round-the- fire alarm station, which transfers infor- Citadel is one of a kind business center clock control by video-cameras and the mation to the control panel. It means equipped with advanced engineering safety service team. that the staff will start fire extinguishing and other support systems. Construc- without delay. At the same time, sound The building has three independent tive, architectural and design solutions and light alarms will warn people on power supply sources and a power sta- of the building, the innovative HVAC danger, which will enable safe evacu- tion with 2000KW capacity, which guar- system, high-speed and comfortable ating. antees uninterrupted 24/7/365 sup- elevators, modern communication sys- ply of electricity. High quality lighting The above mentioned features, along tems, convenient parking, professional fixtures with fluorescent, halogen and with our professional management and administration, security and mainte- point-source lamps are used in the cen- service staff, will ensure you have no nance staff and high quality service are tral lobby, staircases and elevator halls interruptions in your daily operations!

Erebuni Plaza multifunctional Busi- area, which can be utilized as needed, with lobby-bar, canteen, health club, ness Center was reconstructed in 2008. depending on the lessee’s require- beauty and SPA center, as well as fully ments. Therefore, we pay special at- equipped conference halls for any type With high-quality business facilities on tention to a comfortable planning of op- of meetings and seminars. one side and leisure time options on the timal office solutions, ensuring the best The large parking area in front of the other, Erebuni Plaza is situated in the profitable renting conditions for our cli- building provides car accessibility to the heart of Yerevan, the Republic Square, ents to create the right environment for clients and employees of the business which makes it only minutes away by their business. car from all the destinations. center. Thanks to our comprehensive services For over four years Erebuni Plaza has We provide an ideal environment for the (engineer technologies, cleaning and been delivering high-quality business contemporary workplace. Our services security systems), you can concen- facilities to a number of renowned com- cater to the most demanding, covering trate exclusively on your core business, panies like Orange Armenia, KPMG, anything from the rental of office areas avoiding stress, personnel costs, and Council of Europe, Eurasian Develop- to the professional event planning. supervisory responsibilities. ment Bank, VTB Armenia, etc. We offer 7500 square meter of office Moreover, the building is consolidated

VA & Partners legal and travel com- as insurance and administrative cases. to the world as they are. Our company pany was established in October 2011 Despite the fact that the company was offers cultural, religious, entertainment by well-qualified specialists in both le- opened recently, it has earned a good and business tours all around the world. gal and travel spheres. The company name in the legal sphere due to the ef- We suggest and develop the most ap- fectiveness and professionalism of its is the first one in Armenia that provides propriate, interesting and creative trav- specialists. The company provides le- two very different, but at the same time el arrangements to best suit the needs gal advice in Armenian, Russian and very complementary products. of each individual or group. Our profes- English languages. sional staff will help you with your travel The advocates of VA & Partners are As a travel agency, VA & Partners is requests and will satisfy all your needs specialized in civil, commercial, corpo- based on incoming and outgoing tour- showing individual attention to each cli- rate finance, foreign investment, con- ism. The aim of our company is to show ent and guaranteeing the high level of stitutional and international law, as well our country and the Armenian people travel services. 8 AmCham New Members

“GoodCredit” universal credit organi- We target low, upper low, and low-mid- and easy to understand. We do not use zation CJSC is a recent, fast-growing dle income people who have limited ac- small print and the hard sell. cess to credit/financial services, due to start-up in small enterprise and mi- When we say caring, we funda- crofinance space, with plans to of- being non-core for the banks and/or not mentally commit to our customers fer limited consumer finance services getting due care (individual approach, by always prioritizing their needs. We (payments services, housing/energy due to their small size or any other rea- recognize the importance of listening efficiency loans, etc.) to unbanked or son) and/or have bad customer service semi-banked segment through innova- experience and/or have bad or poor closely to our clients and building close tive approaches. Our mission is to as- credit history (but they are committed relationships with them. sist in building the world, where limited to improve their record). We want to When we say transparent, we strive access to finance and unbankability serve them in a simple, transparent and for the business conduct that re- caring manner, to offer them fast and would be already obsolete. quires trust, accountability, and mutual convenient service through innovative Our vision for businesses is to contrib- respect. We are authentic in what we approaches that will result in making ute to the sustainable development of practice. We never mislead our cus- them smiling and satisfied. the small entrepreneurship through tomers with incomplete, inaccurate or responsible provision of financial ser- When we say simple, we try to intentionally deceptive information. vices. Our vision for consumers is to keep the things simple and uncom- provide people an opportunity to enrich plicated. We believe that accessibility Finally, we have set up quite ambitious, their lifestyle, feel more secure and be comes through simplicity. We recog- but hopefully a doable goal of becom- their financial mentor during difficult un- nize that we are people communicating ing a significant player in “bottom-of- certain times. with other people. We are always direct pyramid” niche market.

Altacode LLC, www.altacode.com, is EyeCareDifference, Accucom Corp, Vi- nical support specialists. vacell-MTS Armenia, Prime Insurance, a full service custom software develop- We carry out the full cycle of custom RA Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, ment company that provides custom- application development, from concept “Nork” Information Analytical Center. ized web, mobile and desktop applica- design through technical support. This tion development services, backed up We have a very efficient operation, includes a comprehensive process of with comprehensive quality assurance, which allows us to offer very competi- requirements gathering, system design advanced technical support, and sys- tive rates, on-schedule deliverables, and architecture, iterative develop- tem maintenance. while maintaining high standards of ment, quality assurance, documenta- Founded in 2006, with a small and quality. Our expertise in custom soft- tion preparation, technical support and talented team, Altacode has become ware development and implementation maintenance. combined with competent project man- a reputable player in the Armenian IT agement and dedicated support results Our talented team of software engi- sector providing wide range of services in long-lasting and mutually beneficial neers has a proven experience in de- to its partners. Over the years, we have relations with our clients. sign, development and implementation been working with select clients from of integrated and multifaceted technical the U.S., Europe and Armenia on multi- As a Microsoft Silver Certified Partner, solutions. We are skilled in the latest year engagements. Altacode has demonstrated expertise programming languages and applica- with Microsoft technologies and a prov- Altacode is experienced in development tion architecture best practices. en ability to meet customer needs. of analytical and reporting tools, man- Our Offerings agement information systems, content Altacode is headquartered in Yerevan, management systems, web portals, Armenia with affiliate branch registered We are ready to cooperate with consult- e-commerce solutions, GPS tracking in California, US (DBA – Altabeam, ing companies looking for affordable systems, mobile apps. We specialize in www.altabeam.com). and reliable custom software develop- ment partners, any IT-centric business serving the following markets: finance, Our Team insurance, human resources, transpor- interested in outsourcing their develop- tation, and mobile. Altacode has a pool of over 50 IT ex- ment tasks, and medium-large software perts, including software architects and development companies willing to take Our client base includes such reputa- developers, business analysts, project advantage of establishing remote R&D ble companies like WilliamO'Neil+Co, managers, quality assurance and tech- and support centers. 9 M2M Program

Increase your business turnover by enrolling into AmCham Member to Member (M2M) program. M2M program is a significant opportunity for members to gain exposure and clients, while creating additional value for other AmCham members. M2M program en- titles AmCham members to the best discounts available on goods and services offered by other AmCham members and representatives of wider business community. How- ever, non AmCham members will not be able to enjoy discounts offered by others within the framework of the program. To become a program participant, you simply need to download from www.amcham.am and submit to us (either in hard copy or electronically) the Member2Member Discount Participation Form. AmCham Members will receive discounts upon presenting their M2M plastic cards, which can be obtained from the AmCham office. The offers are valid for one year.

• 7% for Printing Services - books, brochures, cards, posters, etc.; • 10% for Advertising/PR Services ACCEPT EMPLOYMENT CENTER - organization of ad campaigns, Contact person: events, conferences, etc.; Sousanna Shamakhyan; • 10% for Promo Materials/Souvenirs BUSINESS SUPPORT CENTER Tel: (374 10) 584 945; - pens, pencils, USB flashes, mugs, Contact person: Samvel Gevorgyan; E-mail: [email protected] key holders, T-shirts, etc.; Tel: (374 10) 574 778, 571 753; Description of discounted product or Mob: (374 99/77) 574 778; service: • 11% for Book Sales - kid’s litera- E-mail: [email protected], Accept Employment Center offers: ture, belletristic, text books, science [email protected] • 10% discount on HR Services; fiction, etc.; Discount on product or service: BSC is offering 10-15% discount on • Free job postings till the end of 2012 • 5% for Stationary Sales - staples, training, consulting, research and proj- at: www.accept.am. pens, glues, markers, etc. ect evaluation programs: • Coaching – 10% • Open trainings – 10% • Corporate trainings – 10% • Teambuilding – 10% AMERIA BANK ARMENIA MARRIOTT HOTEL • Investment planning – 15% Contact person: Khatun Dolbakyan; Contact Person: Sona Manucharyan; • Business planning – 15% Tel: (374 10) 561 111; Tel: (374 10) 599 195; E-mail:[email protected] Description of discounted product or • Strategy development – 15% Description of discounted product or service: • Market research – 15% service: 10% discount for all the outlets of the • HR services – 15% Ameriabank is offering discounts for the Armenia Marriott Hotel (with the excep- internationally renowned VISA/MAS- tion of Scoop Ice-cream Parlor). • Internet marketing – 10% TERCARD GOLD credit cards. Along with a convenient and safe payment mechanism this card will help to benefit from convenience of the IAPA interna- tional discount system and international travel insurance. All AmCham mem- bers (managerial staff) will have up to OSG RECORDS MANAGEMENT LLC 50% discounts for Gold Credit Cards. Contact person: Lilya Abrahamyan; Additional information: Tel: (374 10) 743 460; Ameriabank also offers discounts for E-mail: [email protected]; ICARE FOUNDATION different retail products for the staff of Description of discounted product or all AmCham Member Companies. service: Contact person: Vardan Urutyan; OSG Records Management LLC offers Contact person: Susanna Mezhlumyan; the following discounts on product or Tel: (374 10) 522 839; E-mail: [email protected] service: Discount on product or service: • 5% for Document Storage; ICARE Foundation offers 10% discount on the Master of Agribusiness (MAB) • 15% for OSG Boxes and File Boxes; “ANTARES” MEDIA HOLDING program tuition fee. MAB is a profes- Contact person: Marina Gevorgyan; • 10% for Archival Services; sional degree program exclusively fo- Tel: (374 10) 561 526, 581 059; cused on the agribusiness sector with an • 10% for Confidential Destruction of E-mail: [email protected] emphasis on combining economic, busi- Documents; Description of discounted product or ness analysis and quantitative methods service: • 10% for On-line Data Backup. for managerial decision-making. 10 AmCham M2M Program

• 10% discount on Fitness Club; Tel. (374 10) 515 383; E-mail: [email protected] • Note: discounts are valid from Discount on product or service: 1 June – 31 December, 2012. • 100% discount on corporate ac- count opening; • 100% discount on corporate addi- tional account opening; • 67% discount on HSBCnet set- CONCERN DIALOG LAW FIRM CASCADE CONSULTANTS up; Contact person: Sedrak Asatryan; Contact person: Armine Hayrapetyan; • Up to 50% discount on platinum Tel: (374 10) 575 121; corporate credit card annual service E-mail: [email protected] Tel. (374 10) 584 696; fee; Contact person: Liana Kamalian; E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Description of discounted product or • Up to 50% discount on personal ac- Description of discounted product or service: count opening. service: 10% on the following services: Additional information: • In case of consulting - first consulta- • HR Audit; Up to 50% discount on account open- tion, and in small cases preliminary • Teambuilding. ing fee, as well as other discounts ap- feasibility study will be done free of plied to other retail products for the charge; employees of all AmCham Member • In case of Subscription services for companies. first three months - 1 to 5 hours / per month free of charge service provi- PRUDENCE LAW FIRM sion or up to 15% discount; Contact person: Armen Melkumian • 5-20% discount on all services Tel: (374 10) 514 830; of "Concern-Dialog" Law Firm for Description of discounted product or AmCham member companies service: INTRA CALL CENTER ARMENIA Prudence Law Firm offers 20% on and their officers (or Card Holders Contact person: Zohrab Minassian; legal services. upon presentation of the Card); Tel: (374 10) 212 320; • 7% discount for Company regis- E-mail:[email protected] Discount on product or service: tration, 15% for all other company 10% discount on the following services: law/corporate law issues (includ- • Customer care services; ing M&A, Full legal due diligence • Hot line; check-up, etc.). INGO ARMENIA INSURANCE • Telemarketing; Contact person: Jemma Frangulyan; • Telesales; Tel: (374 10) 592 121; E-mail: [email protected] • Databases qualification; Description of discounted product or • Customer satisfaction survey. service: 10% discount for AmCham Members and their employees for the following BEST WESTERN CONGRESS HOTEL services: Contact person: Gayane Grigoryan; • Motor Insurance; Tel: (374 10) 591 102; 591 199; E-mail: marketing@hotelcongressye- • Travel Insurance; revan.com • Personal Accident; • 15% discount on Room Accommo- • Property Insurance. MINEH PRINTING COMPANY dation (complimentary for resident The discount does not apply to: guests high speed internet, open air Contact person: Armineh Ghazarian; Tel: (374 10) 563 022, 522 187; Caribbean Swimming Pool, Health • Specially negotiated/provided rates; Mob:(374 94) 720 720; Club with Gym and Sauna, Daily • Policies issued through agents; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Newspapers and Magazines, Park- • Other promotional rates provided by Description of discounted product or ing Space); INGO Armenia ICJSC. service: • 10% discount on Conference and • 5% discount to promotional items; Meeting Halls (complimentary Au- • 10% discount to services: pad print- dio Visual Equipment, Flipchart with ing, silk screen printing and laser Markers, Notepads and Pens, Still marking, engraving and cutting. and Sparkling water); (USB - flashes, T-shirts, hats, mugs, HSBC BANK ARMENIA CJSC • 10% discount on Authentic Italian bags, mouse pads, pens, key tags, full service Pizzeria “Mediterraneo”; Contact person: Vardan Shahbazyan; lanyards, wristlet bands, CD, um- Tel. (374 10) 515 200; brellas, fridge magnets, watches, • 10% discount on Italian Restaurant E-mail: [email protected] posters, stickers, hang tags and “Raffaello”; Contact person: Sargis Tsaturyan; poly bagging). 11 AmCham M2M Program

• Land transport; • FCL/LCL services; • Combined transportation of air, sea FIRST MORTGAGE and land; Contact person: David Atanessian; • Custom brokerage. Tel: (374 10) 518 181; MEGERIAN CARPET E-mail: [email protected] Description of discounted product or Contact person: Hayk Ayvazyan; service: Tel: (374 10) 442 994; 50 basis points discount on all loan E-mail: [email protected] products. Full time employees of Description of discounted product or AmCham Member Companies are eli- service: JAZZVE gible to apply. Megerian Carpet offers a 10% discount Contact person: Marina Sultanyan for all AmCham Members. Megerian Mob: (374 91) 115 900 can also organize exclusive tour, which E-mail: [email protected] will introduce rug making in all its de- Description of discounted product or tails. The showroom presents a large service: variety of fine hand-made rugs. 5% discount for AmCham members ap- plied at all Jazzve cafes. GOLDEN TULIP HOTEL YEREVAN Contact person: Armine Pilosyan; Tel: (374 10) 591 691; UNITRANS E-mail: [email protected] Contact person: Karine Gevorgyan; RUMEA TEMPTING TRIPS CLUB LLC Description of discounted product or Tel: (374 10) 520 293; Contact person: Meri Nikolaishvili; service: E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (374 10) 323 141; • 15% discount on Hotel Guestrooms; Description of discounted product or E-mail: [email protected] • 10% discount on Meeting Rooms service: Description of discounted product or Rentals (half day & full day); 5% discount on the following services: service: • 10% discount on Restaurant Ros- • Sea freight, air freight; 5-7% discount on all tour packages. sini a la carte menu.

Non-Members

AI LEONI RESTAURANT Contact person: David Gabrielyan; E-mail: [email protected] Contact person: Aram Yeghiazaryan Tel: (374 10) 539 939 Adrress: 7 Abovyan str., Yerevan Tel: (374 10) 530 892; (374 91) 435 803 Address: 42 Mashtots ave., Yerevan Description of discounted product or ser- Address: 40 Tumanyan str., Yerevan Description of discounted product or ser- vice: Description of discounted product or ser- vice: 15% discount on car rental services. vice: 5% discount for AmCham Members ap- Discount is available only on cars from 5% discount for AmCham Members ap- plied to all menu items offered at the res- Hertz Armenia car fleet. Other services of- plied to all menu items offered at the res- taurant. fered by Hertz such as minibuses, buses, taurant. hotel bookings, driver services do not ap- DOLMAMA RESTAURANT B&Z FURNITURE MANUFACTURING ply to this discount program. Contact person: Jirair Avanian; Note: the discount offer is available from ENTERPRISE Tel: (374 10) 561 354 31 October to 31 March every year. Contact person: Tereza Saghyan; Address: 10 Pushkin str., Yerevan Tel: (374 10) 276 451; Description of discounted product or ser- SALT SACK SOUVENIRS & GIFT SHOP Adrress: 68 Baghramyan str., Yerevan vice: Contact person: Mara Klekchian; Description of discounted product or ser- 10% discount for AmCham Members ap- Tel: (374 10) 568 931 vice: plied to food. Address: 3/1 Abovyan str., Yerevan 10% discount for AmCham Members ap- HERTZ RENT-A-CAR Description of discounted product or ser- plied to custom made furniture. vice: Contact person: Harutyun Harutyunyan CACTUS MEXICAN RESTAURANT & 10% discount on all purchases at the Tel: (374 10) 543 311, (374 91) 416 493 BAR shop. 12 13 AmCham Member News

PARTNERSHIPS THAT BENEFIT THE COMMUNITIES

This summer was a special one for 100 children from Saravan, Gndevaz and Gorayk, the affected communi- ties of the Amulsar gold project. With a joint commitment between Geoteam, Human Dignity & Peace Foundation (HDP), Football Federation and the Jo- nas Foundation, they spent their sum- mer vacations at the Lori and Hanqa- van summer camps. During their camp stay, not only did the children enjoy each other’s company, but they also participated in a number of educational activities that widened their education and increased their health knowledge. This initiative was part of Geoteam’s intensive corporate social responsibil- ity projects in the affected communities. The company is committed to leaving a sustainable and positive impact on the affected communities, with special attention paid to social projects in the ed, such as the Chess Tournament in To date, more than AMD190 million has areas of rural infrastructure, health, Jermuk (Chess Federation of Armenia been invested in three communities’ education, economic empowerment and Chess Academy), Primary Health social programs. By the end of 2012, and employment. Children and youth Care (PHC) services in three communi- Geoteam will have invested another ties for approximately 170 households AMD65 million in social programs. (Oxfam/STC), income generation proj- New projects are being designed for ect through new technologies in gar- 2013, in the areas of fruit processing, dening (HDP Foundation) benefiting 30 animal husbandry, infrastructure, and households (or 120 people), and gar- local government capacity building in bage collections in Gndevaz, Saravan the affected communities, as well as and Gorayk villages. A project to pro- Jermuk and Ketchut. We believe that vide Saravan with a natural gas supply is also underway. Geoteam is also supporting six students to study mine engineer- ing at universities in Yerevan. These young people will be of- fered jobs at Geoteam upon their graduation. One of them is already employed by Geoteam. At Geote- education and development are an in- am and Lydian, we believe that in- tegral part of the company’s long term vesting in education is a significant commitment to positive impact in the step towards securing future sus- villages. Renovation of the library, im- tainable development. Currently provement of the village roads, drink- there are about 160 local people ing water upgrades and provision of working for the company with medical equipment are just some of the AMD130,000 minimum monthly many projects previously implemented salary and approximately 550 employ- investing in the sustainable develop- in these communities. ees are expected to be employed dur- ment of the communities is beneficial With the current partnerships, various ing the construction and production for a constructive cooperation between social programs are being implement- phases of Amulsar. all stakeholders. 14 AmCham Member News

PRODUCT LINK MONITORING SEMINAR World-famous Caterpillar Inc. togeth- Product link together with Trimble pro- er with Zeppelin Armenia LLC (www. vides machine data via internet, giving zeppelin.am) presented the new prod- the customer the critical information he ucts AccuGrade Trimble and Cat Prod- needs to make the right business deci- uct Link Monitoring in July 2012 at Mar- sion. riott Armenia Hotel. The purpose of the Cat product link is specially developed seminar/presentation was to familiarize system by Caterpillar, which uses wire- the company’s clients with the system less and satellite technology to gather work in details. and transmit essential information, re- Using advances satellite technology, lated to machine usage, maintenance and location. Cat Product Link system allows to pro- Better maintenance planning – this are vide the necessary information to the the benefits at a glance. necessary people and in due time. P.S. as a result of the presentation the Maximize machine uptime; Maintain first orders has been already submitted productivity; Simpler, more efficient by the President of Chanaparh LLC Mr. fleet management; Faster service re- Eduard Bezoyan (one of the biggest sponse and quicker resolution time; Customer of Zeppelin Armenia LLC) .

COCA-COLA AND RED CROSS: INDIVIDUALLY WE ARE ONE DROP, TOGETHER WE ARE AN OCEAN

For almost a century the bond be- relief for Coca-Cola Hellenic Armenia as outbreak of swine flu in Ukraine, tween Coca-Cola and International staff and provide technical expertise on earthquake in Abruzzo, Italy, floods in Red Cross and Red Crescent Society disaster relief related public awareness Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, forest has existed with the aim of respond- programs for schools. fires in Russia and Greece, etc.” ing to human disasters and relief work. “As part of Coca-Cola Hellenic's ongo- “Armenian Red Cross Society wel- This cooperation has become a reality ing commitment, Coca-Cola Hellenic in Armenia – during a press conference Armenia supports efforts to understand held on May 24, 2012, the Armenian and prevent disasters, to provide im- Red Cross Society and Coca-Cola Hel- mediate relief when they do strike and lenic Bottling Company Armenia have to offer long term support in order to announced a partnership in areas of di- help communities recover and rebuild saster relief, recovery, and community in the aftermath of disasters. We are healthcare support. proud to partner with the Armenian Red Cross Society on such important issues President of Armenian Red Cross as disaster relief and recovery”, says Society Mkhitar Mnatsakanyan and Gagik Danielyan, General Manager Coca-Cola Hellenic Armenia General of Coca-Cola Hellenic Armenia. “The Manager Gagik Danielyan have signed Coca-Cola system worldwide has part- a Memorandum of Cooperation and nered with the International Federation its Action Plan, according to which of Red Cross and Red Crescent So- Coca-Cola Hellenic Armenia will sup- cieties since 1917, having supported port Armenian Red Cross in provid- communities worldwide in disaster re- comes the partnership with Coca-Cola ing logistics, warehouse support, and sponse, and in 2011 Coca-Cola and Hellenic Bottling Company Armenia. I transportation in case of disasters, will the Red Cross have launched a global am confident that by unifying our efforts organize trainings on communication partnership to enhance their collabora- we can effectively address disaster pre- and stakeholder management, as well tion on disaster preparedness and re- vention and recovery related challeng- as will assist in Red Cross’s fundrais- sponse around the world. Coca-Cola es and fulfill our humanitarian mission,’’ ing activities. Armenian Red Cross will Hellenic Group has supported the Red says the President of Armenian Red provide training on first aid and disaster Cross during numerous disasters such Cross Society Mkhitar Mnatsakanyan. 15 AmCham Member News

ARMSWISSBANK HAS LAUNCHED ITS PRE-EXPORT FINANCE FACILITY Remaining loyal to its policy, ARM- tional partners. pre-export financing are substantial: SWISSBANK, withdrawing itself from ARMSWISSBANK now offers its clients • No additional collateral for financ- retail banking, continues to evolve ac- a new short-term, low risk trade finance ing; tivities in two main directions, namely instrument, the pre-export finance facil- specializing in internationally accepted ity, designed to support the financing of • Easy access to financial resources; services of corporate and investment the clients’ export operations. This is a • Increase in sales and profit; banking, with the vision to become the valuable tool to increase exporters’ ac- leading bank in Armenia in those areas. cess to credit during the critical produc- • The types of exporters supported by Within the scope of corporate banking, tion phase prior to actual exports with- these guarantees are: ARMSWISSBANK offers its clients flex- out any additional collateral. • Manufacturers; ible loan schemes to meet their busi- This loan facility can support up to 80% • Trading companies; ness growth and financing needs. The of the order value and is typically ex- Bank assists importers and exporters tended for up to one year. • Wholesalers and distributors; with various trade financing tools and through the wide network of interna- The benefits for exporters under the • Service companies.

RURAL KIDS GET ACCESS TO NEW WAYS OF THINKING, ACTING AND PRESENTING

oping children's skills for use of technol- TUMO and had a chance to sit next to ogy alongside their creative talents and TUMO students at their work stations critical thinking. Four rural kids, along- and get an idea about what TUMO of- side with TUMO students, delivered fered children of their age. They then TEDx talks reflecting on topics ranging gathered in an interesting open audito- from their personal feelings to issues rium and settled on the stair-like seats in their communities. Volodya Avoyan to listen to the talks. Each talk was from Myasnikyan spoke about the suc- heard with keen interest and attention, cess and failure of the Healthy Lifestyle and each one was received with due Survey conducted by School Councils sensitivity and enthusiasm. It was re- On June 1, 2012, for the International in four villages, Myasnikyan, Shenik, warding to observe how children com- Children's Day, the TEDxKids@Ye- Lernagog, and Karakert. Greta Grigo- ing from rural backgrounds took the at- revan was held in the Center for Cre- ryan from Dalarik shared her concerns mosphere of both the great educational ative Technologies. This was the first about the situation with waste manage- site and the forum itself into stride, and of its kind event for Armenia, where ment in her own community. Harutyun reacted with significant perception and children used the TED talk format to Apinyan and Hamlet Nahapetyan from insight to each presenter and their top- speak about their ideas, dreams and Myasnikyan reflected on two aspects ics. The value for independent thinking concerns. Inspired by this extraordinary of their experiences related to summer and individual ways of expression was event and its impact on kids' qualities of business training that COAF imple- reflected in children's excitement and thinking and speaking, Children of Ar- mented in their school, i.e. interactive enthusiasm. menia Fund (COAF) initiated collabora- teaching and applicable knowledge, as tion with TEDx authorized representa- well as community development initia- tives in Armenia. Very soon an equally tives as a way of businessmen's social thought-provoking and mind opening responsibility. event was put together for and by chil- The audience of the event was as im- dren from rural schools supported by portant as the speakers. Over 50 chil- COAF. dren from Lernagog, Myasnikyan and TEDxYouth@TumanyanPark was held Dalarik were present at the event along at TUMO Center for Creative Technolo- with the TUMO students. As part of the gies, an impressive site used for devel- program the rural kids took a tour of 16 AmCham Member News

CHILDREN GAIN LANGUAGE SKILLS AND LASTING MEMORIES AT THE SUMMER ENGLISH CAMP

This summer, children from six dif- speakers almost all the time during the ferent villages of Armenia’s Armavir two weeks that the camp took place. region had the opportunity to take part For many of the students attending, the in a highly interactive and innovative experience was unlike any opportunity language learning experience. As part they had ever had before. “This was of a two-year program, the Children of my first camp... These ten days were Armenia Fund (COAF) implemented its very interesting and exciting for me. first ever English camp from July 2-13. The contact with American volunteers While the camp did not involve staying improved my English. These volunteers a counselor and also helped organize overnight in cabins or singing around organized different games, which were the volunteer involvement at the camp. bonfires, it did involve two hours of lan- very pleasant and wonderful,” was one Along with daily lessons and activities guage instruction each day, along with of many posts written by the campers in English students also had the op- countless hours of games, interactive on the project’s Facebook page. portunity to hear guest speakers from During all of the camp’s activities, the various businesses and organizations main language being spoken was Eng- in Armenia, including the American lish, thus, giving the students a truly im- University of Armenia, British Council, mersive experience. Students at times Asian Development Bank, UNICEF-Ar- even faced small punishments, like menia, VivaCell MTS, TEDx, ACCELS/ having to buy the rest of the class ice Flex Program, Austrian Airlines and cream in case of speaking too much others. Armenian. The COAF English camp was part of “In their regular English classes dur- COAF’s English Access Micro-Schol- activities, and sports with the Armenian ing the school year, they still break into arship Program (EAMP), which began volunteers, as well as volunteers from Armenian, but this experience was get- last fall and will culminate in the sec- the American Peace Corps working as ting them to really rely on their English. ond English camp next summer. Con- counselors. A total of 11 PCVs worked It built their confidence with English tributors to the project include the U.S. at the camp as counselors, giving the speaking,” said Kelsey Anderson, a Peace Corps and the U.S. Embassy in students a chance to be around native PCV in Armavir Marz, who worked as Armenia.

GRANT THORNTON REGIONAL WEEK OF LEARNING

With the network of Grant Thornton ers of 13 Grant Thornton firms from CIS and practice-based sessions covered firms developing rapidly across the re- and Baltic states. 95 persons received a wide range of topics from leadership gion, many new firms have joined the the opportunity to be part of an exciting and management to business develop- global organization in the recent years. learning experience of Grant Thornton ment. and gain knowledge and skills in a truly In parallel, the existing firms continue Gagik Gyulbudaghyan, the managing motivational atmosphere. Interactive their steady growth and development, partner of Grant Thornton Armenia and providing inspiring career develop- the coordinator of this regional initia- ment opportunities to more and more tive, commented, “It is exciting to see people. that our global organization is record- ing growth, in line with its strategy, In view of the above, with the aim also in CIS / Baltic region. The pace to strengthen the capacity of newly of development we have undertaken joint firms even more, Grant Thorn- is to be led by talented people in all ton Armenia has supported Grant firms. I am happy that this regional Thornton International in organiza- training has brought together a group tion of a global week of learning in of our best people, who will go back Kyiv, Ukraine. In cooperation with to their business with enriched knowl- colleagues from Ukraine, a regional edge, techniques and a strong feel- training, unique in its format and set- ing of being part of Grant Thornton up, was held for partners and manag- culture.” 17 AmCham Member News

ARMENIAN ARTISTS A CLICK AWAY: DEEM COMMUNICATIONS HAS LAUNCHED FIRST EVER BOOKING WEBPAGE IN ARMENIA

to be heard around the world. “I am very glad that Armenian artists will have an on-line presence through “Based on our experience booking this booking site. Thanks to Internet webpages have been very useful and they will be just one click away!” said practical starting point for establishing Eileen. contacts and partnerships with artists from abroad. Therefore, we acknowl- The booking site features artists’ bio, edge the importance of the webpage main accomplishments, style, and pho- in presenting the Armenian artists to tos. The videos will soon be added as the international community,” said Raffi well. The artists, bands and musicians Niziblian, the director of Deem Commu- featured on the webpage represent nications. performers from a wide range of music genres – rock, jazz, blues, soul, R&B, Local artists were invited over to dis- On September 13, Deem Communi- folk, latino, country and much more. cations launched a booking webpage cuss the webpage. Among them were that allows Armenian artists in Armenia, the jazzman Vahagn Hayra- Diaspora and abroad to have visibility in petyan, DJ Vakcina, Narine the global music world. The purpose of Dovlatyan, Susanna Petro- the webpage is to foster entertainment syan, Haik Solar & Arni Rock, and music industry and to open new Mickael Voskanyan (Miq’s art markets for Armenian artists (booking. project). The artists shared deemcommunications.com). their impressions and compli- mented on the initiative. The idea of starting a booking site has been maturing for a while and is Eileen Kachadourian, a rock based on the need to find, connect, li- musician from Lebanon, who aise and promote mutually beneficial debuted in Yerevan with a projects globally. Since its inception premiere concert at Bourbon in 2006, Deem Communications has by the invitation of Deem presented international cutting edge Communications, also sa- projects, world-famous artists and mu- luted the initiative. Eileen’s sic bands to the Armenian public. By profile is also available on the booking. The current selection of artists, DJs, working with the Armenian artists over deemcommunications.com webpage. arrangers, bands and projects is based the years, Deem Communications has She is known for her non-conventional on the criteria of quality music and their witnessed their talents and profession- interpretation of Armenian folk songs ability to deliver a high standard perfor- alism and recognized the need for them and arrangements in rock style. mance.

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18 AmCham Member News

TRANCPARENCY IS A LEADING PRINCIPLE AT DENO At the community level, stakeholder manner by either the representatives engagement includes meeting with rep- of the information center, or the senior resentatives of local governments, mu- staff. Periodically, our stakeholders are nicipalities, NGOs, neighboring busi- able to meet with Deno’s senior man- nesses, and citizens. agement at the information center to raise questions, share their concerns, On July 27, 2012, “Deno Gold Mining and bring forth proposals and offers on Company” CJSC opened its informa- Business related matters. tion center in the center of Kapan to As a subsidiary of DPM, Canada better serve the community and its citi- based Dundee Precious metals Inc., zens. Deno Gold Mining is committed to carry out its business and create sustainable The information center allows the pub- stakeholder value, following the highest lic to dialogue directly with Company standards of business ethics and social representatives of all levels. behavior. Deno’s information center is the con- DPM and Deno strive to participate in necting link between Deno and the community development in meaning- community. The interested stakehold- ful and innovative ways. We seek to ers have access to updated informa- understand the community’s needs, tion about current and upcoming proj- problems, success, and desires by en- ects and activities at Deno. Information The opening of Deno’s information cen- gaging with and listening to our stake- center staff provides information about ter once again demonstrates the com- holders. Transparency is a leading job opportunities at Deno, company pany’s commitment to its slogan; “Our principle in the engagement process achievements and projects. Further- success is based on the care we share with the involved communities across more, all inquiries from members of the for our employees, and the communi- DPM sites. community will be answered in a timely ties we operate in.”

19 AmCham Member News

THE FIRST ARMENIAN-GEORGIAN FINANCIAL FORUM HELD IN ARMENIA 57 officials from over 30 companies, operating in financial sectors of Arme- nia and Georgia, including representa- tives of international organizations. The exclusive gold sponsor of the 1st Armenian-Georgian Financial Markets Forum was one of the leading banks of Armenia, Ameriabank CJSC. The forum covered recent develop- Georgia concluded a Memorandum of ments in Armenian and Georgian finan- Understanding, aimed at establishing cial systems, features of each market’s relations and enhancing cooperation infrastructure and regulatory issues, between both organizations. Armenian pension reform and its ex- pected impact on capital markets. Fo- rum participants also discussed issues and ways of mutual cooperation, noting that financial sectors of both countries should be developed jointly, based on On June 29, 2012, NASDAQ OMX new technological solutions. Armenia hosted the 1st Armenian- Georgian Financial Markets Forum in During the forum, NASDAQ OMX Ar- Dilijan, Armenia. The Forum attracted menia and Association of Banks of

CORPORATE BONDS BY NATIONAL MORTGAGE COMPANY ADMITTED TO TRADING AT NASDAQ OMX ARMENIA

On 18 June, 2012, the 2nd issue of traded under NMCCB2 ticker symbol. price stood at 9.3%. corporate bonds by “National Mortgage To recall, on June 7, 2012, corporate NMC RCO’s previous issue of corpo- Company” Refinancing Credit Organi- bonds by NMC RCO for a total value rate bonds (NMCCB1) was also placed zation CJSC (NMC RCO) was admit- of AMD 956,991,953.53 were placed via stock exchange mechanism and lat- ted to trading at free Cbond market of through stock exchange mechanism. er admitted to trading at NASDAQ OMX NASDAQ OMX Armenia. This issue All the value issued was placed, Armenia free Cbonds market. On May of the company’s bonds comprises while the demand for the bonds was 24, 2012, the 1st issue of corporate 10,000 bonds with nominal value AMD even higher, amounting to AMD bonds by NMC RCO was redeemed 100,000, maturity of 6 months and an- 1,353,011,951.21. The weighted av- and its trading at NASDAQ OMX Arme- nual yield of 8.8408%. The issue will be erage price was 8.8408% and the cut nia was terminated.

THE WINNERS OF STUDENTS’ STOCK EXCHANGE GAME ANNOUNCED AT NASDAQ OMX ARMENIA NASDAQ OMX Armenia continues its al securities for 4 days. Trading mecha- efforts aimed at supporting educational nisms of the game varied from day to initiatives related to capital market. This day; students tried semi-automated time, the students of Economic Faculty continuous trading, English and Dutch of Yerevan State University initiated a auctions. Stock Exchange intellectual game un- The winning team was announced at der methodological and organizational a special ceremony held at NASDAQ are the future of this market,” said Mr. support of NASDAQ OMX Armenia. OMX Armenia on May 21, 2012. Konstantin Saroyan, CEO, NASDAQ During the Game students divided into “Such initiatives are highly welcomed OMX Armenia, while announcing the teams, each representing a brokerage by NASDAQ OMX Armenia and we are winners and handing certificates and company, and started trading in fiction- always ready to assist students, as they prizes. 20 21 AmCham Member News

APARTMENT BUILDINGS RENOVATION THROUGH VALUABLE PARTNERSHIP of one building in Vanadzor. Vanadzor Inecobank CJSC is very essential to municipality provided 40 percent sub- us. We can confidently declare that our sidy for the improvement of the first cooperation will be permanent and to- building. On August 17, 2012, the resi- gether we will be able to help improve dents of the apartment building situated the living conditions of many more fa- at 5 Chukhajyan Street of Vanadzor city milies in different marzes of Armenia in celebrated the completion of the roof the upcoming years.” repairs of the building. Habitat for Hu- manity Armenia Foundation, Inecobank CJSC and Vanadzor municipality held a joint “public presentation” in connection Habitat for Humanity Armenia Foun- with completing the construction works. dation and Inecobank CJSC started a 2-year joint unique project in July 2011, “This is the first building within the addressing poverty housing by contri- frames of the project, where the repair buting to the improvement of condo- of the roof was made possible with the minium buildings. immediate support of the Vanadzor mu- nicipality. Habitat Armenia plans to ex- The aim of the project is to help some pand the scope of the project through- This is a partnership project and Habi- 200 families living in apartment buil- out Armenia and encourages other tat Armenia invites apartment building dings to repair common use premises communities to cooperate and improve and condominium residents, as well and utility systems of their buildings, the conditions of common use premis- as municipalities in Armenia to start a including roofs, entrances, water pipes, es of apartment buildings in their areas valuable partnership to improve com- elevators, as well as ensure heat isola- with joint effort,” said Luiza Vardanyan, mon use premises and utility systems tion of the buildings. the executive director of Habitat Arme- of their own buildings. The pilot project was launched in Vana- nia. Yerevan municipality has manifested its dzor city, the apartment buildings of Gagik Arzoumanyan, the manager of interest in this project and the Mayor of which have abundant issues relating to Vanadzor branch of Inecobank, said, Yerevan has committed to provide 30 conditions of common use premises. “The project implemented by joint ef- percent subsidy for the repair of multi The project started with the roof repair forts of HFH Armenia Foundation and apartment buildings in Yerevan.

MARY KAY NAMED A TOP 20 BRAND IN THE U.S. Mary Kay is clearly hitting the mark competitors. According to Brand Keys, with the U.S. consumers by being rec- consumers demand more from a brand ognized as a “brand that delights” in the than just satisfaction with a product’s research conducted by the U.S. inde- performance; they demand quality ex- pendent research firm Brand Keys. periences and authentic brand values. Brand Keys has studied consumer be- The overwhelming majority of brands havior for the last 16 years and just re- included in the “Brands That Delight” list leased its annual Customer Loyalty In- are relatively newer, technology-based dex Survey, a U.S.-based study, which brands like Apple, Amazon, Google, is not conducted in Europe. The 2012 Samsung, and Facebook. Mary Kay, survey examined customers’ relation- which celebrates its 50th anniversary ships with 598 brands across 83 cate- next year, is not only the brand with the validation to Mary Kay’s steadfast com- gories. Mary Kay tied for the first place most longevity, but also the only cos- mitment to offering a great opportunity as the top brand in the cosmetics and metics brand listed among the top 20. for women, exceptional customer ser- was listed as one of the top 20 brands While all of us can agree that Mary Kay vice and products that are simply ir- in the overall “Brands That Delight” ca- has incredible products, it’s the perso- resistible,” said Sheryl Adkins-Green, tegory. This is the second year Mary nalized, Golden Rule service of our Mary Kay Inc.’s Chief Marketing Officer. Kay has been given that unique distinc- Independent Beauty Consultants that “These three critical pillars influence all tion. Brand Keys describes a “delight- keeps customers coming back! aspects of our business. We hope that ful” brand as one that excels at offering anyone who interacts with the Mary meaningful experiences with products “Being recognized as a brand that de- Kay brand can say with confidence ‘I and services at a higher level than its lights by Brand Keys offers additional love my Mary Kay!’” 22 23 24 25 Mining Sector in Armenia

Mining Sector: Benefits, Challenges and Development Perspectives By Alexander Aramyan

Tigran Davtyan, Armenian Minister of Economy high quality aluminum tin plates, which are exported even to the United States. This plant is unique in a sense that it uses Mining resources provide the economy of any country with imported raw materials instead of local ones. comparative advantages, since they are of manufacturing and industrial significance. Armenia is not very rich in such Besides non-ferrous metallurgy, there are also development resources, but we have significant reserves of metals and prospects for ferrous metallurgy as well. In Charenstavan, we non-metals. According to various estimates, between 2-5 have the “Aske Group” plant, a powerful company accord- percent of the world’s copper and molybdenum reserves are ing to Armenian standards, which will produce brackets and located in Armenia. Thus, we need to think what benefits we other construction materials. It is saturated with state-of-the- can gain from this wealth. art “Siemens” equipments and will offer 300 jobs. The plant will reprocess the scrap metal, which is scattered throughout The mining industry is one of the important and exportable sectors of the Armenian economy. For the third century in a row, Armenia has been conducting the industrial processing of its mines. It is essential for us to do the deep treatment, in other words the ore has to undergo through as many cycles as possible in Armenia, so that we can export a deeply treat- ed product. We have been traditionally involved in the first cycle of gath- ering the metal in large volumes, namely the ore extraction and concentrate manufacturing in more than ten companies. This is the so called mining industry. We have started the second cycle as well, which is getting the metal from the con- centrate, which is metallurgy. I do not have any doubts that the sector will continue its growth. The most important is not what you do, but how you do it, so that we do not sideline en- vironmental and tourism-related issues. If everything is done by using the state-of-the-art international technologies and by sticking to environmental norms, then I do not see any problem here. We already have good examples, such as the Sagamar mine which was opened last year and which does not create any environmental concerns. Naturally, the moni- toring is of the utmost importance as well. This sector employs around 15,000 people, while a couple of thousand also work in affiliated sectors. The average wage in the sector is pretty high, one of the highest in the econo- my. Non-ferrous metallurgy is rather developed. There are companies which receive ferromolybdenum out of molybde- num. Other local enterprises already use ferromolybdenum for tin plates and other productions, in other words, deeper treatment takes place. It is important that the whole volume of molybdenum concentrate treatment is done in Armenia. We have a couple of plants with the two largest ones being “Clean Iron” and “Armenian Molybdenum Production.” In general, metallurgy is developing from year to year. The issue of constructing a new copper smelter is currently un- der discussion. There is a copper plant in Alaverdi, but the volumes are not big. The copper concentrate volumes are the territory of the country, in other words, it will absorb it like not sufficient for constructing a new copper smelter yet. The a vacuum cleaner. needed concentrate volumes are between 300-350,000 tons Armenia is also rich in non-metal ore. We have just started annually. At this point, only around half of these volumes our activities in this area. We will mainly try to organize export are produced in Armenia. Nevertheless, we will reach the activities, even though the transportation issues are rather required level within several years as a result of the exploita- complex in terms of stone export. In any ways, the domestic tion of Teghut and other mines. There are also other issues market can not consume the non-metal resources. Here too, related to the construction of a copper smelter, such as sul- furic acid, the choice of technologies, financing and ecology deep treatment technologies are needed, in order to bring the issues, etc. transportation costs down. In my opinion, the transportation costs shall not exceed 10-15 percent of the total cost and in One of the most successful examples is “Armenal,” which im- order to make it happen there is a need to increase the prod- ports raw materials and performs deep treatment. It produces ucts` price by employing deep treatment techniques. 26 Comments RA Government, Environmentalists and Citizens

Suren Khachatryan, Syunik marzpet Rafik Grigoryan, Gegharkunik marzpet The mining development of one part of the territory, which In Gegharkunik marz, only the Sotk gold mine is currently be- includes the Syunik marz has been set yet during the Soviet ing exploited, but the exploitation volumes are lower than they years. It is only natural that this decision was due to the suf- used to be. The number of employees has also decreased. ficient quantities of mineral resources. We have developed A couple of companies tried to establish a processing plant industry received as a heritage from the past. Currently, the here, but of course it would be harmful to Sevan. In various industrial leader in Syunik marz is the mining sector, which discussions I participated in, permission was not granted and accounts for around 86.06 percent of the region’s total in- I think it will not be granted in the future as well. dustrial production. This sector will preserve its leading role Currently, ore is transported to Ararat from Vardenis via rail- in the local economy due to existing raw material and human way, where it is being processed. According to information resource potential, given there is a stable market. from the company which exploits the mine, around 500-600 I think today we cannot fully ignore this sector. We have suf- people work in Sotk currently. I do not see any other perspec- ficient quantities of minerals in the marz, which belong to our tives for the mining industry in the marz. In a previous year, in state and people, and naturally we have to use this national the Chambarak region, certain Russian companies were con- wealth and resources for the sake of well-being of our country ducting research activities by performing experiments with and people. some material containing chrome. Nevertheless, the process has been stopped for around one year and the justification behind this is the small content of chrome. According to pre- liminary estimates it had to reach 20-25 percent, but based on the final information it turned out to be only 5 percent. The important issue is how protected Sevan is against the mining hazards. Not only I, but all the specialists and the pop- ulation of the region are strongly against the processing plant construction in Sotk. The emissions of the plant will cause se- rious damage to Sevan. As I have stressed, the mining indus- try is not that developed in Sevan region. Thus, Sevan needs protection from other factors and not the mining industry. Edgar Ghazaryan, Vayots Dzor marzpet Vayots Dzor marz is mostly known for its agriculture and tour- ism. As a rule, the mining industry can be dangerous for both. In the socio-economic program of our marz approved by the Armenian government, mining has not been mentioned as a development perspective. Arthur Nalbandyan, Lori marzpet Lori marz is rich in various minerals and occupies the second place in the republic as to its significance. These are mainly gold, copper, polymetalls, sulfur, barite, brown coal, mineral paints, basalt, quartz, limestone, tuff, granite, agate, clay, re- fractory clay and spas. Non-metallic minerals in Lori (sedimentary, volcanic, intru- sive, transformative rocks and mineral fresh underground springs) are comparatively little weather-beaten. Natural building stones are widely spread throughout the Lori marz. These decorative stones are of great variety, have long life and are easy to process. The mentioned qualities of rocks contributed to the intensive development of cyclope construction, ancient temples and churches, cross stones, Photo by Vallex Group memorials and other construction and stone craft dating from the historical past. The raw materials for these constructions and memorials both in historic Armenia and in modern times Of course, this sector has become more vulnerable as a re- have mainly been basalt, andesite, and petrosilex tuff. sult of the existence of environmental issues. However, they are solvable, since as a result of reasonable discussions and Starting from the 19th century and up to the early 20th cen- decisions on the issues related to the safe exploitation of the tury, French geological expeditions worked in Armenia and mining companies with the involvement of the newest tech- Lori specifically and found various deposits here. The French nologies can not create any environmental concerns. built the copper smelter in Alaverdi, which gave a start to the development of Armenia`s mineral base, metallurgy and geo- Along these lines, as you know, the issues related to the logical sciences. country’s economic diversification are in the centre of the Ar- menian government’s attention, and Syunik is not alienated The Teghut copper-molybdenum deposit is second in Arme- from these processes. Besides the mining industry, other in- nia only after Kajaran in terms of the size of its reserves. As a dustries are also being developed in the marz, including tour- result of some twenty years of geological works that started in ism, food industry, and agriculture. 1972, the deposit was found to have 450 million tons of ore, 27 Comments RA Government, Environmentalists and Citizens

including 1.6 million tons of copper (0.355 percent on aver- tion of the Armanis deposit started in 2008. The company age) and 99,000 tons of molybdenum (0.021 percent on aver- received the deposit exploitation permit in 2001, which was age). As a result of the tender in February of 2001, “Armenian rewritten as a mining license in 2004. The mine occupies Copper Program” (“Manes and Vallex” then) received deposit 18 hectares and the processing plant around 10 hectares. exploitation license for 25 years. The deposit exploitation pro- Based on written documentation from the “Sagamar” CJSC, gram being the new largest industrial program of the post according to N TO 562 protocol of the USSR reserves` state Soviet period implemented in the country, envisages the ex- committee of 9 December 1988, the mine reserves consti- traction and processing of 7 million tons of the ore annually in tute around 14.6 million tons of ore, around 12.3 tons of gold, the first phase, while doubling and triplicating the production 161.2 tons of silver, 158,600 tons of copper, 177,200 tons of volumes in the next phases. The amount of copper in the lead and 381,000 tons of zinc. concentrates manufactured in the first phase of the exploita- According to the results of the first six months of 2012, the in- tion will constitute 30,000 tons (currently, only up to 20,000 dustrial trends of Lori marz can already be seen. The specific tons are manufactured on the whole territory of Armenia), weight of “processing industry” is continuously reduced, while while the amount of molybdenum will be around 800 tons that of the mining industry increases. per annum (currently only around 4,000 tons are produced on the whole territory of Armenia). In terms of extraction and According to the indicators for January-June 2012, the vol- processing volumes, the Teghut copper-molybdenum com- ume, growth and specific weight of the main types of marz bine will provide for the efficiency comparable to the current industry are as follows: production volumes of “Zangezur Copper-Molybdenum Com- • Processing industry- 25 billion drams, the volume growth index is 97.2 percent and specific weight 80.9 percent • Mining – 4.4 billion drams, 119.7 percent and 14.3 per- cent • Electrical energy manufacturing- 1,5 billion drams, 103.2 percent and 4.8 percent According to the results of January-June 2012, the significant specific weight in the total volumes of marz mining sector be- longs to the Alaverdi “ACP” CJSC-69.33 percent, “Akhtala LHK” CJSC – 7.59 percent, and Sagamar CJSC- 6.55 per- cent. Srbuhi Harutyunyan, environmental impact assessment expert When the mines are exploited, one can talk of such effects as air, water, and land pollution and land and water resources distress. In forest areas, great damage is caused to the fo- rests. As a result, people’s health are also negatively impact- ed. It is important to neutralize and prevent high and irrever- sible risks before starting any such activity. In a nutshell, it is bine,” one of the largest industrial enterprises of the country. necessary to plan for alleviating activities in advance, which In addition, the deposit exploitation program will set the ba- costs money, while exploiting companies try to avoid these sis for the modern copper smelter in the northern part of the expenses. This is understandable, but not acceptable. country, by ensuring the main precondition for the manufac- All tailing dumps in Armenia are extremely dangerous not turing that is the stable provision of sufficient volumes of raw only for the nature, but also from the technical point of view. materials. Due to the assumption at the basis of deposit ex- Acting tailing dumps store a dense mass which contains huge ploitation program, given the investment of up to $300 million, amount of energy along with heavy metals and concentrated in the first phase of the exploitation program, the export vol- acid solution. Even the smallest dam crack is disatserous for umes of our country will increase by around $130 million an- any area. nually, thereby ensuring the corresponding economic growth (around 1.5 percent according to the estimates.) In the course If instead of the open mine the exploitation is underground, it of the construction works, the program will provide for 1700 will be partially possible to avoid the air pollution. But this is jobs, while in the first phase of the deposit exploitation the not a solution as well, since it contains other risks, such as planned number of jobs will be 1,430. Taking into account the greater contamination of the water resources. Besides, the number of capable population in Shnogh and Teghut commu- workers work in closed areas, which cause silicosis. nities (according to the 2001 census, around 1200 people), Karine Danielyan, chairwoman of “For Sustainable Hu- the implementation of the program here will result in the full man Development” association, doctor of geographic employment of the population. sciences, professor The exploitation right of the Armanis deposit, located ten ki- The terrible contamination of the environment, barbarous uti- lometers from the town of Stepanavan in the Lori marz, be- lization of natural resources, Armenia’s transformation into longs to the “Sagamar” CJSC, the only shareholder of which a disaster zone - these are the consequences of the mines` is “Global Metals (Arm) Limited” company, registered in an exploitation in Armenia. We lose our country as a result of ex- offshore zone. This is a company with international capital, tensive development of mining industry in Armenia. We have which manages the activities of its subsidiary companies in around 500 mines and tens of licenses are provided annually. Armenia through its Armenian branch office. The exploita- In case of non-metallic mines, the earth stratum damages 28 Comments RA Government, Environmentalists and Citizens and local degradation take place. If the mine is metal - and cubic meter. And this is in case when we sell the product we have tens of metal mines in Armenia - we talk about the at 2000 drams. The triplication of the rate affects the mar- contamination of the water, land and air polluted not only with ket. The second issue is that we cannot export perlite from the heavy metals, but with the pesticides as well. After some Armenia mainly because of the high transportation costs. time, it affects us through food and air. Besides, we already We have conducted negotiations with various transportation have fifteen rather big tailing dumps, which are simply ulcers companies and tried various routes. The cheapest one is the on the territory of Armenia. Unfortunately, this situation will railway, but taking the products to other countries from Geor- develop further and our country will turn into one big environ- gia needs to be done on a ferry, as a result the cost goes up. mental ulcer. This results in the extermination of the biological They refuse to buy our products in the foreign markets, while variety, while this resource is more precious for us than the in the domestic one the product is very cheap. This issue also metal which is underground. There is also the contamination existed before, but today the environmental fees also added of the agricultural products. The government has the eco- to it, which creates additional difficulties. Mining in Armenia nomic diversification program, which envisages the develop- has many development perspectives, since our reserves are ment of other branches as well, but this is a question of the large. Nevertheless, the results will only be seen when these future. Today, we become witnesses of new mining licenses products leave Armenia. Armenia’s market is small and there provided every day. For example, currently in the Hankavan is no consumption. There is no potential inside and we have area, there are around nine metal mines permits. This did not to think about export. happen by mere chance, since these reforms were dictated by international financial structures with the purpose of bring- Gurgen Nikoghosyan, owner and director, “Manana ing our country down to the level of African raw material ap- Stone” extraction and processing company pendix country, which we became. We have a raw material Our company is involved with stone reprocessing and stone economy and sell resources without processing them. All the pit processing, including granite, marble, travertine, and tuff. plants were closed, and only the subsoil remained. I cannot make judgments about the general mining industry, Karen Manvelyan, Armenian office director, “World Na- but in terms of stones, I do not see any perspectives. For ture Foundation” example, the railway company which services our Lukashin mine has set extremely high prices. We take our stones to We are not very happy about the rapid development of the the Georgian port of Poti and there we can not compete with mining industry today. To date, we have not seen a respon- the Turkish stones. This is the reason why I do not see seri- sible mining company. In other words, people who will feel ous development perspectives. The problems in this area are responsible for environmental issues as well and try to imple- great in number. For example, the environmental fees go up ment programs which will reduce the impact of the mine on every year without taking into account the level of the branch the nature. There are mines which are located in the habitats development. On the other hand, the construction sector of the animals mentioned both in Armenian and international in Armenia encounters a decline, and stone sales volumes Red Book. Here I would stress Syunik marz, which has Ar- have decreased against previous years. menia’s richest biological variety, such as Armenian muflon, chamois, leopard, all included in the Red Book. Certain mine In addition, the amendments to the law on mineral resources owners have to take into account that their mines are loca- affected our activities in a negative way. The environmental ted in the habitats of these animals or very close to them, fees have gone up, but the stone prices remained the same. and one of the dangers is the elimination of the habitats or Nevertheless, the biggest problem, as I have mentioned, is their fragmentation- the animals can not go from one habitat the transportation issue. I have not noticed any steps on the to another. government’s side to support the mining companies. They have just raised the fees and brought no positive changes. The open mines in particular kill flora and fauna. The viola- tion of the upper stratum of the land results in degradation. It Melsida Marajyan, resident of Alaverdi, 63 years old is not acceptable to us, when they want to open mines near Alaverdi is considered to be the city of metallurgists. It has resorts and areas under special protection. Unfortunately, in been constructed near the copper smeltery, and the current Armenia we have not seen a mining company which will bring mining combine is the only source for the city’s survival. To- the damage caused to the environment to the minimal level. day, a certain part of the city population works for the ACP The tailing dumps are managed poorly with the rivers flow- company, thus resolving their employment and social issues. ing out of them. The government has the environmental in- However, Alaverdi residents are also strongly concerned spection, which is very weak and lacks human and technical about environmental safety issues. The ecology is one of resources and thus, does not perform quality inspection (su- the most discussed and topical issues of today. Of course, pervision) activities. All mines undergo environmental exper- it is desirable to have clean air in Alaverdi, the plant oper- tise, but in some cases the expertise is not done properly and ated on the basis of state of the art technologies and devel- many issues are not taken into account. oped industry. Our generation has received from the previous centuries what we have today. The mere realization that the The government has to supervise this and have a relevant current generation does not ruin and shut down, but also cre- strategy. Tourism and mining cannot be priority directions at ates, instills hopes that in the future we will have a plant with the same time, since they are mutually exclusive. It is a tale high environmental indicators. that in other countries the tourists are taken to the tailing dumps. These are toxic areas and no tourist will go there to I would also like to mention that the air became rather clean get intoxicated. as a result of moving away the plant smoke deflector and chimney. If someone can give guarantees that after closing Andranik Khachatryan, executive director, «Aragats Per- the mines, the mining companies will create jobs, let them lit» OJSC close it. While there are no such guarantees, let’s not make The perlite cost is very small, but the rate of extracting the people working in mines join the ranks of unemployed and ore (environmental fees) is rather high, 1350 drams per one poor, which are already numerous in Armenia. 29 Comments RA Government, Environmentalists and Citizens

Marine Hakobyan, Kapan resident, 31 years old senior management of the company has proven with their actions that they are not indifferent towards the problems of Kapan has always been a centre of mining. They say that Kapan residents. Following the proposal of municipal and re- thousands of years ago people living in Kapan’s Halidzor gional authorities, the new management has implemented a area were molding copper and that’s why the area was called number of social programs, and as was stated many times Halidzor. My point is that Kapan residents have become used by the company general manager Iliya Garkov and the direc- to living near mines. Kapan is rich in metals, more specifically tor of administration Hratch Jabrayan, the investments will be gold and copper. During Soviet times, the areas surrounding continuous and yet to be seen. Kapan were examined and metal mines were found, which were not exploited further. Today, they are drilling every- The management of the company has made the assign- where, which leads to fear in local residents, since the ex- ment of responsibilities clear; Iliya Garkov manages produc- ploitation is done in an open manner. They threaten people, tion issues, and ethnic Armenian Hratch Jabrayan is mainly saying that if they complain, the mine will be closed and they involved with public affairs. It should be mentioned that the will lose their jobs. mere fact of his being ethnic Armenian has allowed to solve The “vein” of Kapan is the Shahumyan gold polymetal de- many of the problems, understand our reality and develop posit, which is exploited by the Deno Gold Mining Company. caring attitude towards those who need it. They have purchased apartments in Shahumyan, which is lo- The company itself has implemented many development pro- cated five kilometers from Kapan and intend to exploit mines grams and continues to look for the path for further growth. in open way. Many residents of Kapan are against this, since By reconciling the current realities we must first decide what the dust from the open mine which will emerge as a result of we want, though the choice is not big anyway; we can either the explosions will speedily spread in Kapan as well. Only stand behind the company and give them our support or turn those people who depend on the company do not complain. Kapan from a town into a small dwelling by raising various en- The brutal way of the mines`exploitation does not promote vironmental issues. Dastakert is a bright evidence of this. It is any expectations in Kapan residents. Some of the residents still considered to be a town with its less than 300 inhabitants. who work in mines complain that working in the most danger- Yet about 5000 people used to live there before. However ous parts of the mine, they receive only 120,000 drams, while after the closure of the copper-molybdenum plant in the town, the foreigners who do not do anything receive millions. It we could determine the reality with no other word than catas- turns out that people are slaves in their own land. trophe. Generally I would advise the environmental organiza- The Bamo Metals company has started drilling activities at tions to visit Dastakert once before raising the mining issues. the very source of Kapan potable water, since there are de- I am from Kapan and intend to spend my life in Kapan, hence posits of gold there. It has been a month that a drinking water the normal and uninterrupted work of the mining industry and quality in the city has worsened drastically. particularly of “Deno Gold Mining Company” CJSC is essen- tial for me. While working I dealt with a lot of problems, and Seda Balyan, Kajaran resident, 42 years old now I would like to announce to all the environmental saviors The city of Kajaran in the Syunik marz immediately neighbors that Kapan is really facing a serious problem. the Zangezur copper-molybdenum combine, which employs In 1992, at the beginning of Armenia’s independency, the the majority of capable population. Thanks to the combine, human food supply for Kapan was calculated for 55,000 our city does not have an unemployment problem. This is people. At present, according to resent statistical data, Ka- the only positive aspect I can mention, while the dangers and pan has 10,000 less people than it used to have before. It damages are great in number. First, the radiation in our city should be added, that there is an army of unemployed in Ka- exceeds the acceptable norms. We are not getting surprised pan, exceeding the national average of about seven to eight any more when we see or hear about mutational births. The thousand people. The mentioned circumstances, as well as cancer is widely spread here and male impotence constitutes Dastakert example causes me to always be near the “town an unusually high percentage. creating” company. We do not have an alternative, at least for Sasun Manoukyan, executive director and chief editor, now. Therefore, it is our responsibility to exercise choice. The Kapan ‘Khustup’ TV pulse of the time is used to solve the problems. I think in this case it will give solution to the environmental consequences Recently, there is a lot of talk about mining industry and en- caused by mining activities. vironmental issues. Both of the topics are not related to ab- stract ones, moreover, they are mostly and directly related to There are currently technologies that allow solving many of Kapan region. The settlements in this region, mainly the pres- these issues. A lot of developed countries have closed and ent Kapan and Kajaran towns, are built based on this brunch opened mines in the vicinity of the towns, which evidences of industry. While Zangezour Copper-Molybdenum Combine the mentioned statement. We just need to be consistent and (ZCMC) is sufficient to solve the unemployment problem pursue environmental problems. The current management of in Kajaran, it is not possible to solve the same problem in the company itself initiates and realizes environmental pro- Kapan with the efforts from “Deno Gold Mining Company” grams, which relate both to teh company and the region. CJSC only, although this company carries the heavy burden It was about 160 years ago when Kapan triggered off to be- of being the driving force of Kapan. The present owners of come a mining industry center. I am sure the main pages the company employ more people than needed, realizing the of this process are not written yet, and people in Kapan will social tension of the marz (region) center. It is not difficult to appreciate and be grateful to their creative sons engaged in imagine what happens if, God forbid, Deno Gold suddenly mining. stops operating. We had the chance to face the reality in 2008 during the economic crisis, when the company nearly It is also noteworthy that the new management of the com- stopped its operations, and only due to reasonable decision pany became the benefactor and supporter of many institu- of both the government and the owner of the company, about tions of regional center in a short period of time. We have a 1500 employees escaped loosing means of subsistence. duty to assess the significance of this process, although they In the following years, the situation stabilized and the new do it heartily and without any expectation. 30 Ø»Ïݳµ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÐРγé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝÝ»ñ

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The Procedures of Obtaining the Subsoil Exploitation Right have been Simplified: Interview with Armenian Energy and Natural Resources Minister Armen Movsisyan

By Alexander Aramyan 4 copper, 15 gold and gold-polymetallic, 2 polymetallic, 2 iron-ore, 1 aluminum ore and 1 magnesite-silicate (platinum and chrome). With the purpose of conducting geological exploration in ore manifestation area, 64 permits on discovering the metal min- erals (noble, ferrous, non-ferrous, etc.) have been issued. According to international experience, only 1 out of 10 ore manifestations becomes a deposit as a result of geological activities. Consequently, in a 10 year period we plan to have around 7 metal deposits. The reserves of non-metal minerals will suffice for hundreds of years of large scale industrial activities. Mountain rocks, which were formed as a result of volcanic processes, with the most important of them being the light rocks, such as tuff, perlite, pumice, zeolite, volcanic clinker, volcanic scoria are of special value and significance. The reserves of various Mr. Movsisyan, in your opinion what are the development basalts, granites, nepheline syenites, and marbles are very perspectives of the mining industry in Armenia? large. The state balance of mineral reserves currently includes On January 1, 2012, the new law on “Mineral Resources” more than 700 registered deposits with confirmed hard min- entered into force. What important changes were introduced eral reserves, including 33 metal ones. Out of the mentioned in the area of state regulation of mining? deposits, around 450 are being exploited, including 22 metal deposits. The metal minerals include 8 copper-molybdenum, The "Mineral Resources” Code, which entered into force on

37 Interview Armen Movsisyan

January 1, 2012 defines the principles and order of subsoil technical capacities will be applied to those who want to ob- exploitation in the Republic of Armenia, regulates the rela- tain mineral right. tions pertaining to the subsoil preservation, protection of the The Code uses the following extremely important and posi- environment from negative impacts as a result of subsoil ex- tive solutions: ploitation, provision of work safety, and protection of state and separate rights and legal interests in the process of sub- • The authorized body organizes all expertise in the pro- soil exploitation. In the Code, the attempt has been made to cess of obtaining the extraction permit; apply “one window” principle by simplifying the subsoil exploi- tation provision process. • The extraction right applicant assumes responsibilities to contribute to the socio-economic development of neigh- The same approach of subsoil exploitation right provision is boring communities; defined for all types of minerals. The process of geological data provision to subsoil users has been revised. According • Two years before the mine closure, the authorized body to the Code it is free of charge. has to receive the mine closure program and financial guarantees of its implementation, which shall also include When issuing the mineral extraction right, it is demanded to necessary recultivation activities and monitoring after it present the mine closure plan. Besides, with the purpose of is closed. ensuring the safety of adjacent communities and health of the population, after the mine closure, the Code envisages Given the current pace of extraction, is there a threat of the for the implementation of monitoring activities of mineral ex- depletion of reserves in the coming twenty years, as some traction site and the industrial dumps occurred as a result of opponents continue talking about? extraction process. Various metal mineral reserves at the disposal of acting min- The monitoring has to be performed by authorized body at ing companies, taking into account the increase of their pro- the expense of subsoil users. The process of mineral rights` duction powers, are characterized with the following volumes: formation and subsoil fees and their procedures have been copper-molybdenum ore will sustain for 100-120 years, gold developed in accordance with the best international practices for 25-30 years, and lead and zinc for 20-25 years. and with the involvement of the World Bank and European In what stage is the uranium reserves exploration program? Union experts. In January 2012, the Armenian-Russian mining company The procedures of obtaining the subsoil exploitation right CJSC conducted exploratory activities envisaged by the have been simplified. In particular, the same type of process project on the implementation of geologic exploration of ura- as for the mineral right formation will be organized without nium and accompanying minerals in the Pkhrut deposit in the auction for all minerals (the presence of strategic minerals Syunik marz, but was not able to find the reserves of uranium will not be taken into account). of industrial significance. Currently, the company continues The “pre-qualification” principle in the area of financial and its activities.

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38 гñó³½ñáõÛó ²ñÙ»Ý ØáíëÇëÛ³Ý

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The Mining Industry in Armenia

By Alexander Aramyan

ond World War, the mining industry in Armenia encountered significant growth, which was related both to new mines’ ex- ploitation (Kajaran, Agarak, Dastakert copper-molybdenum deposits, etc.) and the modernization of the old deposits (Sotk gold deposit, Kapan polymetals deposit, etc.). Manufacturing According to the Armenian National Statistical Service, in 2011, the volume of Armenian mining industry constituted around 170 billion drams (around $450 million). This is 4.5 percent of GDP. Some 97 percent of the mining industry con- sists of metal ore extraction and 3 percent is non-metal. The manufacturing of base metals (as part of processing industry) constituted more than 157 million drams (around $420 mil- lion), while the non-metal processing was around 47 million drams (around $125 million). Thus, metallurgy and non-metal Historic úverview ore processing taken together gave the production worth of From ancient times, the Armenian highland has been famous 204 billion drams ($545 million dollars), which means that the for its metal mines and considered to be one of world’s most volume of ore processing industry in GDP is 5.4 percent. ancient centers of metallurgy. It is enough to mention the In general, the whole mining industry (including the exploi- Metsamor metal smelter complex in the Ararat valley, which tation of mine, metallurgy and non-metal ore processing) existed until the 4th century B.C. In various parts of the high- reaches 1 billion dollars threshold, which makes it 9.9 percent land one can see copper, iron, lead, gold, and silver mines. of GDP and around 38 percent of the industry. This is one the From medieval times, the Gugark and Syunik copper mines key sectors of the Armenian economy. were well known, as well as Aghdznik state. The iron was ex- tracted in majority of Mets Hayk state, but the most significant Currently, the final production for Armenian mining and ones were the Aghdznik and Turuberan mines. According to smelting complex are mainly concentrates (copper, molyb- Pavstos Byuzand, the mountains located to the south from denum, zinc and in near perspective lead concentrates with Van were “made of iron and lead.” Thanks to the abundance high contents of gold and silver), which does not allow to fully of iron, the main occupation of the population of certain moun- use the economic potential of the deposit. The arrangement tain provinces of Tavros (Talvorik, Khut, Shenadzor, etc.) was of extracted metal minerals processing in Armenia and the blacksmithing and gunsmithing. The weapons and armor of manufacturing of ready products from prey in complete cy- the Armenian army were always made by local craftsmen by cles will allow the manufacture of high-cost products, which using local raw materials. The metals were widely used in in turn will result in GDP growth. In 2011, Armenia produced making agricultural tools and construction. In Dvin and Ani, 127 thousand tons of copper concentrate, 8.8 thousand tons copper jewelry workshops were found. In the Dvin workshop, of converter copper, 9.5 thousand tons of molybdenum con- a small clay smelter of coppersmith along with the copper centrate, 5.5 thousand tons of ferromolybdenum, 15.5 thou- jewelry was found. sand tons of zinc concentrate and around 25 thousand tons of aluminum foil. For the past 5 years, the copper concentrate From noble metals, one can also mention silver and gold. production in Armenia has almost doubled, but the converter The silver was extracted in the following provinces of Mets (processed) copper production has increased at a rate of 25 Hayk: Bardzr Hayk, Tsopk, and Artsakh. From ancient times, percent only. This is the proof of the extensive development the Sper gold mines were well known. In order to occupy this of the sector. Copper production continues to serve as the mine, Alexander the Great of Macedonia even sent a special base of Armenian mining industry. In Armenia, we have the detachment, but Armenians were able to repulse the charge. Kajaran copper-molybdenum deposit, which is classified as The Sodk province of Syunik (Tsavdeq, Zod), which corre- sponds to today’s Vardenis region of Gegharkunik marz and the Voskehat mountain region of Tayk, which is today’s Lori marz, were rich in gold. Here one could find chrome, molyb- denum and other less-common metals. During the Mongolian and later, during the Turkish-Persian periods, the Armenian mining tradition was completely ru- ined. Only in some cities coppersmith workshops remained. The exploitation of copper and polymetal deposits started de- veloping from the second half of the 18th century. Georgian king Heracles II invited Greek miners from Asia Minor, who founded Akhtala and then the Alaverdi metal smelter enter- prises in the period of 1763-1770. In the second half of the 19th century, copper smelters were built in Zangezur and other regions, mainly with the involvement of French capital. In the period of 1901-1913, Armenia was producing 21 per- cent of copper molds for pre-revolution Russia. After the Sec- 40 Feature Mining in Armenia

“gigantic” deposit and is the fifth largest in the world in its million were exported from Armenia. This constitutes 52.5 type. The copper is also extracted in Agarak, Akhtala, Kapan, percent of the total exports of Armenia. The copper accounts and Sagamar. The only copper smelter is located in Alaverdi for more than a half of exported metals, constituting $290 mil- (“Armenian Copper Program”), however, a more modern one lion. The copper concentrate export has reached the record is planned. breaking $260 million threshold (118 thousand tons). Arme- nia has also exported 9 thousand tons of processed copper During the past five years, the biggest increase in non-ferrous (customs value of $115 million) and around 4.4 thousand metals extraction has been recorded on the zinc concentrate tons of scrap copper (customs value of $5.8 million). side, which was around 3 times more. This is mainly pre- conditioned by the fact of implementation of new technolo- Among metals, molybdenum is on the second place as to gies to extract zinc as secondary raw material in other metal the export volumes. Some 5.5 thousand tons with the cus- deposits, as well as by the increase of Kapan and Sagamar toms value of $121 million have been exported as ferromo- polymetal deposit exploitation rates. lybdenum. Besides, another $15 million worth molybdenum wastes and scrap and smaller quantities of ore concentrate Molybdenum is one of the most important raw material re- (860 tons worth of $11 million) have also been exported. sources in Armenia. According to some data, 5 percent of world reserves of molybdenum is located in Armenia. Around The next export article is aluminum foils of around 25 thou- 80 percent of global molybdenum deposits is centralized in sand tons with the customs value of $87 million. only five countries, including Armenia, the U.S. , Chile, Rus- There has also been significant growth on the gold export sia, and Mexico. Currently, in Armenia the molybdenum is ex- side (mainly as dust). As compared to the previous year, in tracted in Kajaran and Agarak. The reserves are also present 2011, gold export volumes grew at around 50 percent, reach- in Hankavan, Dastaker, and Teghut. Supposedly, the molyb- ing 2.33 tons (customs value of $67 million). Given Amulsar denum reserves in Armenia will last for 100-300 years, given the current pace of extraction. In the past five years, there has been no significant increase of molybdenum concentrate production (only around 10 percent), and the ferromolybde- num manufacturing volumes have almost not changed. This is probably preconditioned by a certain decrease of molyb- denum prices in the international market. The molybdenum extracted in Armenia is mainly processed in local plants. There are three plants, which process molybdenum concen- trate, namely “Clean Iron” OJSC, "Armenian Molybdenum Production" (AMP), and “Hoktemberyan Plant of Ferroalloys” LLC. These plants receive ferromolybdenum out of molybde- num, with the molybdenum content of 60-65 percent, which means it is ready for the manufacturing use. In general terms, around 7-8 thousand tons of concentrate is processed annu- ally. Kajaran raw materials are fully processed in Yerevan, while a significant part of Agarak concentrate is exported to the U.S. This is preconditioned by the high level of copper content and low level of molybdenum content in Agarak ore. In order to avoid losses at the processing stage, the concen- trate is exported to the U.S., where more advanced technolo- and a couple of other smaller gold deposits being exploited, gies are in place. the volume of gold exports is expected to increase three fold In Armenia, wide-scale gold exploration is also underway. and become comparable to those of copper. According to the Armenian government official web page, In recent years, zinc concentrate export volumes stabilized as of May 1, 2012, gold deposits exploration licenses in 15 within the limits of 15 thousand tons ($13-14 million). sites have been issued (exploration prospecting activities). In around 20 deposits, the gold is being explored along with The significant part of mining and metallurgical companies is other metals. These deposits are spread out throughout the considered to be a large taxpayer base in Armenia. Accord- whole territory of the republic, but there are large concentra- ing to our estimates, the sector has paid the state budget tions in Lori, Gegharkunik, Vayots Dzor, and Syunik marzes. taxes of around 45 billion drams, which is around 7 percent of It should be noted, that the searched deposits in Armenia are budgetary tax revenues. It should be noted that the Zangezur mainly small ones, containing 2-15 tons of gold and other copper molybdenum combine accounts for more than half of non-ferrous and noble metals (mainly silver). To compare, the taxes paid (around 30 billion drams). This company is the Sotk gold deposit reserves are evaluated at 155 tons, and largest tax payer in the country. However, it should be noted Amulsar, at around 53 tons. Only these two deposits can that the state budget accumulates significant overpayments be considered large. As of now, gold extraction is allowed (tax amounts to be returned to private companies), the large only in 10 mines, namely Terterasar, Armanis, Meghradzor, part of which falls on the mining industry. There were certain Shahumyan, Toukhmanuk, Mghart, Marjan, Sofi-Bina, and periods when the overpayments size exceeded around 50 Lichvazk-Tey. Four out of 10 deposits are in Syunik. Two billion drams. companies are involved with gold processing, which are AS- The large tax payers in the country are “Deno Gold Mining SAT (Masis) and “GeoProMining Gold” (Ararat). Company,” "Agarak Copper Molybdenum Combine," “Geo- Export and Taxes ProMining Gold,” “Rusal Armenia,” “Armenian Copper Pro- gram.” According to the information of the Armenian State Revenue Committee, in 2011, the metals worth of approximately $700 The 2012 draft state budget envisages that the taxes paid by 41 Feature Mining in Armenia

the mining industry will increase by 20 billion drams, which The immediate impact of the mining industry is also felt on the will be preconditioned by increase of nature utilization pay- soil cover. The soil is the main component of natural reserves ments and favorable condition for Armenia in the internation- and is a unique natural absorbing dam, which protects the al metals markets. atmosphere and water resources from pollution. At the same time it is the main living resource of the people, on which Environmental Protection (Source: Aram Harutyunyan, various agricultural, industrial, and other objects are located. Armenian Minister of Nature Protection) The intensive activities of people on the soil cover (agricul- The total volume of land provided to mining companies con- ture, metallurgy, mining, chemical industry, energetics and stitutes 9,700 hectares, out of which disturbed lands consti- transport, communal services, etc.) result in the disturbance tute 8,275 hectares and the tailing lands are 1,400 hectares. of the natural mechanisms of ecosystem restoration. The The negative impact of the mining industry on the landscape “soil cover" is not only the cover of the soil, but it is also a and biological diversity is mainly expressed in three ways: whole biogenic system, which includes soil, water reserves, • The barren rock and wastes from extracted ore (e.g. vegetation and other biomasses. around 2200 million cubic meters of tails in the tailings Currently, according to the “National Program to Combat the dumps) result in the degradation of landscape and bio- Desertification,” around 86.5 percent of lands in Armenia are logical diversity; subject to desertification of various levels. The reasons and • Open mines fundamentally destroy the natural landscape outcomes of desertification are great in number and nature and ecosystems and result in landscape degradation; and include lands subject to overexploitation and overgraz- ing, man-made ecological disasters, insufficient preservation • Changes occur in the underground water hydrological re- of environment and climate changes. gime and physical and chemical compositions. With the purpose of resolving the issues of land preserva- The negative impact on biological diversity also occurs as tion in Armenia, according to Article 65 of the Armenian Law a result of air and water basins’ pollution. There are water on Concession of Surveying and Mining for the Purpose of basins (e.g. Debed river lower stream and the Voghj river Exploiting Useful Ores, an environment protection fund has basin), the flora and fauna of which have become extremely been set, which accumulates the amounts aimed at restoring poor or changed significantly as a result of penetration of in- the damage caused to the environment as a result of mining dustrial waters and the sediment contaminated with industrial activities. wastes into the river. Mechanical, chemical and thermal pollution of the water ba- sin takes place. On the one hand, this negatively impacts the representatives of the water flora and fauna, damaging natu- ral conditions of their growth, development and reproduction. On the other, using the polluted water for irrigation purposes worsens the agrocoenosis development conditions. It is also peculiar that part of mining companies located in high hypsometrical marks (e.g. the Kajaran combine is lo- cated on more than 2,000 meters above sea level) damage lower landscapes with the dump leakages as a result of tail- ing dumps and downfalls. 42 43 »ٳ гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ

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2011 Ã. å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»ÇÝ í׳ñ»É ¿ Ùáï 45 ÙÇÉdzñ¹ ß³ýïÇ ¹»·ñ³¹³óÙ³ÝÁ, ¹ñ³ÙÇ Ñ³ñÏ»ñ, ÇÝãÁ µÛáõç»Ç ѳñϳÛÇÝ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇ 3.ëïáñ·»ïÝÛ³ çñ»ñÇ çñ³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý é»ÅÇÙÇ ¨ ýǽÇϳ- Ùáï 7 ïáÏáëÝ ¿: Àݹ áñáõÙ` ³Û¹ ѳñÏ»ñÇ Ï»ëÇó ³í»ÉÇÝ Ï³Ý áõ ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý µ³Õ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ: (Ùáï 30 ÙÇÉdzñ¹ ¹ñ³Ù) µ³ÅÇÝ ¿ ÁÝÏ»É §¼³Ý·»½áõñÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»Ý³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙµÇݳï¦-ÇÝ: ²Ûë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ´³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï»Ýë³µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ëáßáñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³ñϳïáõÝ ¿: Üß»Ýù íñ³ ¹ñë¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ݳ¨ û¹³ÛÇÝ ¨ çñ³ÛÇÝ ³í³½³ÝÝ»ñÇ ë³Ï³ÛÝ, áñ å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ý Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ ¿ ½·³ÉÇ ·»ñ³- ³ÕïáïÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí: Î³Ý çñ³í³½³ÝÝ»ñ (ûñÇݳÏ` ¸»µ»¹ í׳ñÝ»ñ (Ù³ëݳíáñ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³¹³ñÓ- ·»ïÇ ëïáñÇÝ Ñáë³Ýù, àÕçÇ ·»ïÇ ³í³½³Ý), áñáÝó Ù³Ý »Ýóϳ ѳñϳÛÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñ), áñáÝó Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ ýÉáñ³Ý ¨ ý³áõÝ³Ý ËÇëï ³Õù³ï³ó»É »Ý, ϳ٠Ýϳï»ÉÇ Ñ»Ýó ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëáí ¿: ºÕ»É »Ý ųٳ- ÷á÷áËí»É ·»ïÁ ó÷íáÕ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý çñ»ñÇ, ÇÝã- ݳϳѳïí³ÍÝ»ñ, »ñµ ·»ñ³í׳ñÝ»ñÇ ã³÷Á ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É å»ë ݳ¨` ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ó÷áÝÝ»ñáí ³Õïáïí³Í ¿ Ùáï 50 ÙÇÉdzñ¹ ¹ñ³ÙÁ: ïÇÕÙÇ Ý»ñó÷³ÝóÙ³Ý å³ï׳éáí: î»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ çñ³ÛÇÝ ³í³½³ÝÇ Ã»° ٻ˳ÝÇϳϳÝ, û° ùÇÙdzϳÝ, ¨ гÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ëáßáñ ѳñϳïáõÝ»ñÇó »Ý ݳ¨ §¸ÇÝá û° ç»ñÙ³ÛÇÝ ³ÕïáïáõÙ: ¸³ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ¶áɹ سÛÝÇÝ· ø³Ù÷ÝÇݦ, §²·³ñ³ÏÇ åÕÝÓ³ÙáÉǵ¹»- ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ çñ³ÛÇÝ ýÉáñ³ÛÇ ¨ ý³áõݳÛÇ Ý³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙµÇݳï¦-Á, §¶»á äñá سÛÝÇÝ· ¶áɹ¦-Á, §èáõë³É Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ íñ³` ˳Ëï»Éáí ¹ñ³Ýó ³×Ç, ²ñÙ»Ýdzݦ, §²ñÙ»ÝÇ³Ý ø³÷Áñ öñá·ñ³Ù¦-Á: ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý áõ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, 2012 Ã. å»ï³Ï³Ý µÛáõç»Ç ݳ˳·Íáí ³ÏÝϳÉíáõÙ ¿, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó` ³Õïáïí³Í çáõñÝ û·ï³·áñÍí»Éáí áñ É»éݳѳÝù³ÛÇÝ áÉáñïÇ í׳ñ³Í ѳñÏ»ñÁ ϳí»- áéá·Ù³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí` í³ïóñ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ³·ñá- É³Ý³Ý Ùáï 20 ÙÇÉdzñ¹ ¹ñ³Ùáí, å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í µÝû·- µÇáó»Ýá½Ý»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ´Ýáñáß ¿ ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý í׳ñÝ»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ³óٳٵ ¨ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ Ý³¨ ³ÛÝ, áñ É»éݳѳÝù³ÛÇÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ßáõϳݻñáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³ñ»- Ù³ëÁ, ·ïÝí»Éáí ÑÇåëáÙ»ïñÇÏ µ³ñÓñ ÝÇß»ñáõÙ (ûñÇ- Ýå³ëï Çñ³íÇ׳Ïáí: ݳÏ` ø³ç³ñ³ÝÇ ÏáÙµÇݳïÁ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý 2000 Ù»ïñ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó µ³ñÓñ ¿), Çñ»Ýó åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ´Ý³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ (³ÕµÛáõñª ²ñ³Ù гñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³Ý, ï»ÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ùµ Éó³ÏáõÛï»ñáõÙ Ó¨³íáñíáÕ ÐÐ ´Ý³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ü³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ) ³ñï³Ñáëù»ñáí Ù»Í íÝ³ë »Ý Ñ³ëóÝáõ٠ݳ¨ ³í»ÉÇ ó³Í ÐÐ É»éݳѳÝù³ÛÇÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝí³Í Ñá- ·ïÝíáÕ É³Ý¹ß³ýïÝ»ñÇÝ: È»éݳѳÝù³ÛÇÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»- ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹ñë¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ÑáÕ³- ÛÇÝ Í³ÍÏáõÛÃÇ íñ³: ÐáÕÁ µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý µ³ÕϳóáõóÇã Ù³ë»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿ ¨ ÛáõñûñÇÝ³Ï µÝ³Ï³Ý ÏɳÝÇã å³ïÝ»ß ¿, áñÁ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ ¿ ³ÕïáïáõÙÇó ÙÃÝáÉáñïÝ áõ çñ³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ: ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¹³ Ù³ñ¹áõ Ï»Ýë³·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý é»ëáõñëÝ ¿, áñÇ íñ³ ï»Õ³¹ñíáõÙ »Ý ï³ñ³ï»ë³Ï ·Ûáõ- Õ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ ï»ë³ÏÇ ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñ: سñ¹áõ ÇÝï»ÝëÇí ï»ËݳÍÇÝ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ (·ÛáõÕ³- ïÁÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, É»éݳٻï³Éáõñ·Ç³Ï³Ý áõ É»éݳ³ñ- ¹ÛáõݳѳÝáÕ, ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿Ý»ñ·»- ïÇϳ ¨ ïñ³Ýëåáñï, ÏáÙáõÝ³É ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Í³ÍÏáõÛÃÇ íñ³ ѳݷ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ¿Ïáѳٳϳñ·»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñÇ Ë³ËïÙ³ÝÁ: Àݹ áñáõÙ` §ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Í³ÍÏáõÛÃÁ¦ áã ÙdzÛÝ ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ß»ñïÝ ¿, ³ÛÉ ÙÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ï³Ý Ï»Ýë³ÍÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·, áñÝ Çñ Ù»ç Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ ÑáÕÁ, çñ³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ, µáõë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ï»Ýë³½³Ý·í³ÍÝ»ñ: гٳӳÛÝ §²Ý³å³ï³óÙ³Ý ¹»Ù å³Ûù³ñÇ ³½·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñǦ` Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ÐÐ ÑáÕ»ñÇ ßáõñç 86,5 ïáÏáëÁ »ÝóñÏí³Í ¿ ï³ñµ»ñ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ ³Ý³å³ï³óÙ³Ý: ²Ý³å³ï³óÙ³Ý å³ï׳éÝ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÁ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí »Ý áõ µ³½Ù³µÝáõÛã ¸ñ³ÝóÇó ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ýß»É Õ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ½ÙáõÙ ¿ 9700 Ñ»Ïï³ñ, ѳïϳå»ë ÑáÕ»ñÇ ·»ñ߳ѳ·áñÍáõÙÁ, ·»ñ³ñ³Í»óáõÙÁ, áñÇó ˳Ëïí³Í ÑáÕ»ñ` 8275 Ñ»Ïï³ñ, åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ñ¹áõ ÏáÕÙÇó ³é³ç³óñ³Í ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ³Õ»ïÝ»ñÁ, ï³Ï ·ïÝíáÕ ÑáÕ»ñ` 1400 Ñ»Ïï³ñ: È»éݳѳÝù³ÛÇÝ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ ³Ýµ³í³ñ³ñ å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝã- ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ɳݹ- å»ë ݳ¨` ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ß³ýï³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ï»Ýë³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ÐÐ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ ÑáÕ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ Éáõ- ¹ñë¨áñíáõÙ ¿ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ »ñ»ù Ó¨áí. Í»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, §Àݹ»ñùÝ û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñÇ ß³- 1.³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝíáÕ Ñ³Ýù³ï»ë³ÏÇ ¹³ï³ñÏ ³å³ñÇ áõ ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõ- ó÷áÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ Ïáõï³ÏáõÙáí áõ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙáí ݳѳÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»Éáõ (ÏáÝó»ëdzÛÇ) Ù³ëÇݦ (ûñÇݳÏ` åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñáõÙ Ïáõï³Ïí³Í »Ý ßáõñç 220 ÐÐ ûñ»ÝùÇ 65-ñ¹ Ñá¹í³ÍÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë- ÙÇÉÇáÝ Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹ Ù»ïñ åáã³ÝùÝ»ñ), áñÁ ѳݷ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ˳Ý, ëï»ÕÍí»É ¿ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý É³Ý¹ß³ýïÇ áõ Ï»Ýë³µ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»·ñ³¹³óÙ³ÝÁ, ¹ñ³Ù³·ÉáõËÁ, áñï»Õ Ïáõï³ÏíáõÙ »Ý ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñ ѳÝ- ù³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³í³ñïÇó Ñ»ïá 2.µ³óѳÝù»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝáíÇÝ Ë³ËïáõÙ »Ý µÝ³Ï³Ý ɳݹ- ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëóí³Í íݳëÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý ß³ýïÝ áõ ¿Ïáѳٳϳñ·»ñÁ ¨ ¹³ñÓÛ³É Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõ٠ɳݹ- Ýå³ï³Ïáí: 46 47 Feature Lydian International in Armenia

48 Feature Lydian International in Armenia

The Equator Principles (EPs) were initially developed by a the environment, social well-being of the communities and group of leading financial institutions in 2003. They are now transparent revenues, which benefit both the investors and the main international rules and regulations ensuring that the country, is what Lydian has set out to achieve. mining projects are developed in a manner that is socially re- For us in Lydian, it is essential not only what we do, but how sponsible and reflecting sound environmental management we do it. We believe that mining can and should be responsi- practices. Lydian International’s multinational shareholders, ble, environmentally safe, socially beneficial and fundamen- the International Finance Corporation (IFC), part of the World tally important for the economy. Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- opment (EBRD), are signatories of the EPs, and this is why We do believe that other branches of economy can be devel- there is a guarantee that Amulsar project will be developed oped simultaneously, as a country cannot be economically according to the highest international environmental and so- competitive when it relies on one sector only. Agriculture cial standards. cannot substitute industries and industries cannot substitute services. Even the world’s leaders in agricultural products, Any industry, even a seemingly “safe” one, has the potential of being harmful. A seemingly harmless industry, if poorly op- such as France, USA, Canada and Belgium, owe only up to 2 erated, can bring maximum threats and minimum benefits, percent of their gross domestic product (GDP) to agriculture. while a seemingly “risky” industry, like mining, can bare mini- And there are countries like Somalia, Chad and Sudan that mal or no threats and maximum benefits, if planned and oper- have over 50 percent share of agriculture in GDP and are in ated correctly. no way internationally competitive, even in agriculture. This is to emphasize that arguments, like ''we should do agriculture This is what Lydian and its subsidiary company in Armenia, instead of mining'' are economically not viable. Of course, Geoteam, do. We endeavour to effectively explore and de- agriculture is important, as are other industries, but one can- velop the Amulsar mine, in line with the best international not substitute the other. practice. This means helping local communities to create sustainable wealth that will stay in place even after the clo- Australia, a major agricultural country, benefited greatly from sure of Amulsar mine. the mining boom of the last decades. The country still has a considerable share of agriculture in the economy. It is also The Amulsar project has now been shown to contain at least 3 one of the leading mining countries in the world. million ounces of gold – with the chance that this will increase following further exploration work. This means it is already in Australia has driven over $300 billion of investments into the the top 15 percent of gold resources worldwide. Not all coun- mining sector, “the envy of the world” as the Australian Natu- tries in the world are lucky enough to have such resources. ral Resource Minister calls it. And even though there is a lot Responsible and effective exploration, with ultimate care for of talk that the Australian mining boom is over, Australians 49 Feature Lydian International in Armenia

corporate ethics. We believe that this brings hope, vision and creativity into the local communities. A content, strong and creative community can be constructively helpful to ensure a better business environment beneficial to all parties. Often mining is presented by opponents as “providing a cou- ple of dozen low-paid jobs.” This is yet another misconcep- tion. A state of the art responsible mining operation, like the Amulsar project, provides high paid jobs, not only to the local communities and workers, but also to engineers, geologists, environmental and social specialists. This is the qualified workforce that was forced to emigrate or was unemployed or underemployed in the first decade after the collapse of acknowledge that they still owe their constantly growing GDP the Soviet Union, when the industries were closed and there mainly to mining. Australia was one of the least impacted were no investments in the new ones. countries by the global financial and economic crisis. Cana- Lydian is proud that many first-class specialists in Armenia da, Chile, Brazil and other countries owe their strong econo- are working on the Amulsar project. These are engineers, mies partly to mining. Mining creates wealth, and wealth is geologists, environmentalists, biologists and other high-class the basis for further development, including post-industrial, professionals. Part of our professional team is there to make knowledge-based economies, like those in Europe. sure - together with our international consultants - that the Lydian is proud to be one of the first internationally publicly project complies with local and international environmental listed companies in Armenia. In these days of volatile mar- and social standards. kets, economic crises and commodity price fluctuations, it is Another false assumption that one often hears about mining not an easy task to obtain investors trust, especially in a yet in Armenia is that mining taxation in the country is extremely unknown investing destination like Armenia. We still need to low. prove that Armenia is a safe and trustworthy country for in- vestments, and we, in Lydian, are proud that we have already Following the advice of the World Bank, the Armenian mining brought renowned institutional investors to Armenia. Not too royalty tax was increased as of January 1, 2012, and now many countries with limited investment background have comprises two components: a top line 4 percent charge on mining projects with such investors as the IFC and EBRD the revenue from metal sales and a 12.5 percent charge on and investment funds, like Amber Capital, Mackenzie and operational profits. In addition there is a 20 percent corporate Franklin Templeton Investments. Bringing these investors to tax. In rough terms this means there is a 4 percent top line Armenia has been a rewarding challenge for Lydian. charge and at least a net 30 percent bottom line charge. Lydian is now the face of international investment in Armenia. This is just to emphasize that Armenia can and should ben- In a way, while traveling to various conferences, congresses, efit greatly from the mining industry, and this is what Lyd- and investor meetings around the world, we have become ian as a transparent and responsible company is committed Armenia’s unofficial business ambassadors. to contributing to. Lydian is a publicly listed company on the Toronto Stock Exchange, with significant major sharehold- Lydian has committed to make approximately $270 million ers in IFC and EBRD, and they are the best guarantee that direct investment during the construction period and around the company will be a highly responsible taxpayer with a full another $200 million during the production period. The esti- financial transparency. mated revenues to the state budget at peak production will depend on the then gold price but are estimated to be in the Mining in Armenia faces a lot of criticism. Sometimes this region of $86m annually. This does not include the pay- is the consequence of objective reasons and problems, but ments to the local communities. As a world-class company sometimes there are emotional and subjective issues that are not easy to address with a rational argument. with high standards of corporate social responsibility (CSR), Lydian has already invested and will continue investing into However, in Lydian we have no doubt, that Amulsar will be an the communities around its project. We do not just help the exemplary project. It will show the benefit of transparent and vulnerable. Our CSR projects are aimed at sustainable de- effective investment to world class standards. The operation velopment and capacity building for the communities. We are will serve as an example of responsible mining in Armenia, happy to see the obvious change that Amulsar project has and will bring tangible, direct and lasting economic benefits brought to these communities, even though it is still at its ex- to the country. ploration phase. Currently, approximately 160 people currently have full-time jobs with Lydian subsidiary Geoteam in Armenia, and this is expected to grow to around 550 employees during the con- struction and production phases. Many others in the affected communities have developed small businesses of different supply services to the camp. Kindergartens and libraries have been renovated, villagers deprived of basic medical care now have a well-equipped primary healthcare unit. Our CSR projects will only grow in the future. Lydian has not done all of this just because it is required by 50 »ٳ ÈÇ¹Ç³Ý ÇÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÉÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ

51 »ٳ ÈÇ¹Ç³Ý ÇÝûñÝ»ÛßÝÉÁ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ

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54 Feature Zeppellin Armenia LLC

Mining Service in Armenia The availability of mining machines is the most vital point of center in Abovyan, which though opened recently (4 stars of mine exploitation. So the service providers have to be ready Caterpillar standards), allows to implement the component to rapidly solve the machine’s problems, in order to make the repair in high world-class quality and with warranty. In this machine work as long as it is possible. “Our uniqueness lies case the role of the branches is to exchange the components in the fact that without any adequate conditions we are able and send for overhaul on time. Currently two branches have to perform high-quality maintenance service in all Greenfield their own warehouses, with spare parts amounting to more projects, which meets the 4 stars of Caterpillar standards,” than USD 500,000 each. In Armenia, in total Zeppelin stores said Hayk Martirosyan, head of mining department of Zep- spare parts in the amount of over USD 3.5 million, which al- pelin Armenia LLC. lows fulfilling over 80 percent of customer orders right from the stock. This is possible due to implementation of state In 2008, when Zeppelin Armenia LLC began to expand and of the art software for inventory control, which creates daily sell large portfolio of mining equipment such as 90t CAT replenishment orders, based on historical sales and techni- 777F,G, 130t CAT 785C Off-Highway trucks, CAT 993K cal input from service engineers. Such service conceptions Wheel loader, CAT 6018FS Hydraulic excavator, CAT 992K give the opportunity to the mining customers to decrease the Wheel loader , CAT 992G Wheel Loader, CAT D10T Track downtime. Type Tractor (Dozer), etc., a need arose to establish service centers on mine sites, directly at the customers' territories. The first service center was opened in Kajaran, at Zangezur Copper Molybdenum Combine, which in the beginning was just a warehouse with emergency stock and fast moving items and onsite service. As in the territory of the customer the existing workshop buildings were too old, Zeppelin Arme- nia LLC found an interesting but temporary solution, using modern containers equipped with all necessary preventive maintenance (PM) and mobile posts. Preventive mainte- nance posts were used for wheel machines and mobile PM posts - for track type machines, thus, creating an opportunity to perform maintenance of such important productive machin- ery. This is a temporary solution, which allows the customer to construct its own workshop building, but in the meantime, perform the maintenance of its fleet. The second branch is in Teghout, where we have opened a service center in the open “Our employees are the foundation of our corporate success” field, with more advanced temporary PMP, for which Cater- said Heiko Kreisel. “Each year all our technical staff pass- pillar granted 3 stars of excellence to Zeppelin Armenia LLC. es the recurred trainings in Zeppelin Group and Caterpillar Thaghkashen Service center in NK is in process of construc- training centers.” Since 2009 the quantity of mining mechan- tion. As the co-operation between Geoteam and Zeppelin ics has increases from 4 to 40 people. companies has already started, Zeppelin Armenia is already In 2012, ten new trainees where chosen and send to Zep- planning a service branch for Amulsar project. Till the end of pelin training center in Krasnodar, RF. After the successful 2013, the company plans to have 6 service centers: Kajaran, graduation from the theoretical training course, they are cur- Zod, Teghout, Taghkashen, Agarak and Almusar. rently working at mine sites for the practical part of the 6 “We are partners of our customers,” said Heiko Kreisel, gen- month training. In each branch of Zeppelin Armenia there are eral director of Zeppelin Armenia LLC. “Everything we do 1-2 professional senior engineers from Zeppelin Group or is intended to maximize value for our customers. Aiming to Caterpillar and 6-8 local engineers. The foreign senior engi- build lasting alliances with our customers, we offer cost-effec- neers have two main tasks: guarantee high quality of service tive system solutions with innovative technology, quality, reli- work and train the local engineers on the job. For the min- ability, professional product support and services.” The main ing service sector, safety is the most important issue. This function of the centers is to promptly perform the planned is why we regularly carry out safety trainings, prepare safety maintenance, as well as the emergency 24 hour/365 day instructions, and update all the safety items in a timely man- repair, avoiding the downtime of the productive machines. ner. Regular monitoring is performed by our own safety engi- The overhaul of the components is performed in the CRC neers, along with the customers' safety engineers.

55 Interview Simon Papyan

Mining and Environment: Interview with First Deputy Minister of Nature Protection Simon Papyan By Alexander Aramyan of the volume of waste accumulated in the tailing dumps. One of the fundamental issues is establishing the technical wa- ters’ closed circulation system, which will allow avoiding the pollution of water basins. How do you evaluate the state policy in the area of environ- mental monitoring of mining activities? What recently imple- mented changes would you stress? With the adoption of the new Armenian “Subsoil Code” in 2012, a number of new conceptual approaches were devel- oped aimed at preserving people’s health and improving their living standards, while implementing mineral resources’ ex- ploration and mining exploitation. In particular, a preliminary environmental impact assessment will be conducted during the geological exploration phase. Along with the application to receive extraction rights, one will also have to present a mine closure program, which shall address such issues as infrastructure deinstallation, disturbed lands’ restoration, and industrial dump location monitoring implementation (the mo- nitoring shall also address safety and health provision issues of the local community residents). The mineral resources ex- traction plan shall include a component on the nature and environment impact assessment (including environmental management plan and monitoring programs), social impact assessment, and storing the removed soil layer and extract- ed lean ore. The new legislation envisages the prohibition of using certain subsoil sections with the purpose of ensur- ing and preserving the national security, people’s lives and health, cultural values and the environment. In other words, the prohibition may work if the requested area includes According to You, what place does the mining industry oc- graveyards, natural, historic, and cultural monuments, “Red cupy in the list of environmental issues of the Republic of Book” registered plants or animal habitats, as well as if the Armenia and what are the main hazards arising from mining area is located on animal migration routes. It is envisaged to companies’ activities? apply new types of subsoil exploitation payments. The addi- tional impetus for a more balanced and environmentally safe The subsoil of a country is rich in various metal minerals. This functioning of the mining companies operating in the country is why the mining industry is one of the most important and will be the adoption of the new law on the “Implementation of strategic sectors of the Armenian economy. However, the ex- self-control to imply with the requirements of environmental traction activities cause a number of environmental problems. legislation,” which is currently undergoing a third reading in During the activities of the mining companies and the develop- the National Assembly. ment of relevant infrastructure, the anthropogenic landscape degradation and alteration takes place. The anthropogenic How is tailing dump management implemented in Armenia? denudation of relief (land surface subsidence, land falls and Article 3 of the “Subsoil Code” defines the “anthropogenic de- slides, open pit mines) and accumulative (dumps and tailing posit,” which is the accumulation of minerals on the land sur- dumps) types are formed. Currently, 19 tailing dumps ex- face, mine workings or tailing dumps, occurred as a result of ist in the country. The pollutants accumulated in them leave minerals’ exploration, extraction, processing and enrichment, lasting and intensive impact on components of natural soil which received economic-geological evaluation in the defined cover and result in their full destruction and further activation order. Fixing the mentioned provision in the area of tailing of erosive processes and the loss of biogenous productivity. dumps management will promote the legislative framework of The environment is polluted by toxic emissions and pollut- anthropogenic deposits’ implementation. It is appropriate to ants, which spread during the dumps’ deflation and extracted perform the geological exploration of anthropogenic deposits raw materials’ metallurgical redistribution. The atmosphere in advance in order to determine and evaluate the volume of too is subjected to fundamental anthropogenic impacts, such minerals accumulated there and present the results for the as changes in the air quality and gas composition, and pollu- state expertise in the defined order with the purpose of the tion by industrial gases and toxic materials. validation of geological balance reserves. For the purpose of regulating the nature and environment The next step will be implementing the processing of the min- related issues, currently, the Republic of Armenia’s unified erals accumulated in the anthropogenic deposits. This shall national policy and development strategy on subsoil resourc- be done based on the contract concluded with the extracting es is being compiled. It will serve as a cornerstone for de- company by presenting beforehand the processing plan and veloping a flexible and effective action plan of mining sector processing company plan to the Ministry of Nature Protection growth. Meanwhile, to minimize environmental risk, there is for the purpose of environmental impact expertise. a need to create complete metal processing cycle, which will provide for the receipt of fine metals as an end product. The Following the joint order of the Minister of Nature Protection development of the infrastructure will allow for the reduction (N 284-A of 16.12.2011) and the Minister of Emergency Situ- 56 Interview Simon Papyan ations (N 07-A of 26.01.12), a manual on the safe manage- opinions on presented documents before and after public ment of tailing dumps has been approved. It summarizes the hearings, since the latter are also posted on the websites and minimal requirements of the tailing dumps’ exploitation and is can be found in the affected communities and organization applicable for all structures related to tailing dump manage- conducting the expertise. In terms of considering the public ment, such as tailing dumps, dams, drainage system, pipe- opinion, the expertise process of Amulsar auriferous quartz- lines, etc. The manual covers all tailing dumps, irrespective of ite deposit exploitation plan (on the border of the Vayots Dzor their current condition (acting, conserved, abandoned, etc.) and Syunik marzes) of “Geoteam” CJSC can be considered and is compiled based on the best international experience as exemplary. The copies of the plan, upon presentation in the area of tailing dump management. The importance of for expertise, were immediately provided to the community environmental issues related to tailing dump exploitation is heads and posted on the website of the Ministry of Nature also set out in Article 64, part 1, sub point 4 of the new “Sub- Protection. soil Code,” according to which, the subsoil exploitation shall On March 12 of the current year, the heads of the adjacent provide for activities aimed at industrial waste utilization, re- Gndevaz and Gorayk communities, along with the represen- covery, liquidation and reduction. tatives of the wider public, participated in public hearings held In recent times, one can often hear complaints from various in Saravan village municipality and devoted to plan documen- social circles with regard to the fact that the exploitation plan tation. On April 18, with the purpose of addressing public con- is not presented to the public in an appropriate way. In this cerns, as well as alarm signals, suggestions and questions of sense, what legislative mechanisms are employed to ensure various environmental organizations the discussion was held that the opinion of the affected community is taken into ac- at Nature Protection Minister’s office, with the participation of count and what is the level of their compliance with the best interested public and environmental organizations. international criteria (e.g. proposed by the International Fi- On July 30 of the current year, public hearings were held de- nance Corporation)? Which project implemented in Armenia voted to the expert conclusion of the authorized person, pub- would you consider most exemplary in this respect? lic opinions, and opinions of community heads and state bod- In Armenia, the opinion of the affected public is considered ies with the participation of different public and environmental in the expertise stage, in accordance with the law on “En- organizations, which had been duly notified about the hear- vironmental Impact Expertise.” Articles 6, 8, and 10 of the ings. The expert conclusion on deposit project addresses the mentioned law regulate the affected communities’ participa- public opinions. tion in all three phases of expertise process. In particular, What environmental disaster took place in Armenia? public hearing announcements are published in the regular press and posted on the Nature Protection Ministry official During the past ten years, Armenia did not encounter any website. The representatives of the public may express their environmental disasters.

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¨ ëï³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·áí Ý»ñ- ñÇÝ: سëݳíáñ³å»ëª ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÉëáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³- ϳ۳óÝ»É å»ï³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý` û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳ- ëÇÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ųÙÏ»ïÝ»ñáõ٠ݳÍáÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí»Ïßé³ÛÇÝ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³Ý Ññ³å³ñ³ÏíáõÙ »Ý ѳÝñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý å³ñµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳñ: гçáñ¹ ù³ÛÉÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ ï»ËݳÍÇÝ Ñ³Ýù³í³Ûñ»- Ù³ÙáõÉáõÙ ¨ ï»Õ³¹ñíáõÙ »Ý ÐÐ µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³- ñáõÙ Ïáõï³Ïí³Í û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛùáõÙ: Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ ѳÝù³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ð³ÝñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ÙÇÝã ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÉëáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ñ»ï ÏÝùí³Í å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³` ݳËûñáù í»- ¹ñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ïá ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É Çñ ϳñÍÇùÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ñ³Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³·ÇÍÁ ¨ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³·Í³ÛÇÝ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É, ù³ÝÇ áñ ݳ˳·ÇÍÁ ÐÐ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·áí Ý»ñ- ¹ñ³Ýù ÝáõÛÝå»ë ï»Õ³¹ñíáõÙ »Ý ϳÛù»ñáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ϳ۳óÝ»Éáí ÐÐ µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ` ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý ³½¹³ÏÇñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ¨ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõ- ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ íñ³ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ: гë³ñ³Ï³- ÐÐ µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇ 16.12.2011Ã. ÃÇí 284-² Ï³Ý ÉëáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÐÐ ³ñï³Ï³ñ· Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇ 26.01.2012Ã. Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝë ѳßíÇ »Ý ³éÝíáõÙ µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ÃÇí 07-² ѳٳï»Õ Ññ³Ù³Ýáí ѳëï³ïí»É ¿ ÐÐ-áõÙ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï: åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ ³Ýíï³Ý· ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏÁ: ²ÛÝ Ð³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý ³éáõÙáí ϳñ»- ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ ¿ åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ ³Ýíï³Ý· ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý ÉÇ ¿ ûñÇݳϻÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É §¶»áÃÇÙ¦ ö´À-Ç` ÐÐ ì³Ûáó Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ¨ ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ ¿ åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ ÓáñÇ ¨ êÛáõÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ½»ñÇ ë³Ñٳݳ·ÉËÇÝ ·ïÝíáÕ ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í µáÉáñ ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ` ²ÙáõÉë³ñÇ áëÏ»µ»ñ ùí³ñóÇïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ýù³í³ÛñÇ ß³- åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñ, ³Ùµ³ñï³ÏÝ»ñ, å³ïí³ñÝ»ñ, Ýëï»óÙ³Ý Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³·ÍÇ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóóùÁ: ¨ å³ñ½»óÙ³Ý Ñáñ»ñ, çñ³Ñ»é³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñ, Ëá- ²Û¹ ݳ˳·ÍÇ ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ, ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñ- Õáí³Ï³ß³ñ»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: Ò»éݳñÏÁ ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ µáÉáñ ϳ۳óí»Éáõó Ñ»ïá, ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ïñ³Ù³¹ñí»É »Ý ³½- åáã³Ùµ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³, ³ÝÏ³Ë ¹ñ³Ýó ¹³ÏÇñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ý»ñϳÛÇë ϳñ·³íÇ׳ÏÇó (·áñÍáÕ, ÏáÝë»ñí³óí³Í, ï»Õ³¹ñí»É ÐÐ µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Éùí³Í) ¨ ϳ½Ùí»É ¿ åáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý áÉáñ- å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ÛùáõÙ: ÆëÏ ë.Ã. Ù³ñïÇ 12-ÇÝ ÐÐ ïáõÙ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÷áñÓÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí: ì³Ûáó ÓáñÇ Ù³ñ½Ç ê³ñ³í³ÝÇ ·ÛáõÕ³å»ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ äáã³Ùµ³ñÝ»ñÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙ- ݳ˳·Í³ÛÇÝ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Ï³Û³ó³Í ݳËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí»É ¿ ݳ¨ §Àݹ»ñùÇ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÉëáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»É »Ý ݳ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó Ù³ëÇݦ ÐÐ Ýáñ ûñ»Ýë·ñùÇ 64-ñ¹ Ñá¹í³ÍÇ 1-ÇÝ Ù³ëÇ ¶Ý¹»í³½ ¨ ¶áñ³Ûù ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñ, ÇÝã- 4-ñ¹ »Ýóϻïáí, ѳٳӳÛÝ áñÇ Áݹ»ñùû·ï³·áñÍáÕÁ å»ë ݳ¨ ɳÛÝ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñ: å»ïù ¿ ³å³ÑáíÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ó÷áÝÝ»ñÇ û·- ²éϳ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ, ï³ñµ»ñ ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý, û·ï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý, 㻽áù³óÙ³Ý ¨ Ýí³½»óÙ³Ý µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ñ³½³Ý- ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñáõÙÁ: ·»ñÇÝ, ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ѳñó³¹ñáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ë.Ã. ³åñÇÉÇ 18-ÇÝ ÐÐ -ì»ñçÇÝ ßñç³ÝáõÙ ï³ñµ»ñ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»- µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇ Ùáï ϳ۳ó»É ¿ ùÝݳñ- ñÇó Ñ³×³Ë »Ý µáÕáùÝ»ñ ÑÝãáõÙ ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ Ñ³Ýù³í³Û- Ïáõ٠߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¨ µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ñÇ ß³Ñ³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³·ÇÍÁ ѳÝñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ å³ïß³× ãÝ»ñ- ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ Ù³ëÇÝ: ²Ûë ³éáõÙáí г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ³½¹³ÏÇñ ѳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÍÇùÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý ¨ ɳÛÝ Ñ³Ýñ³ÛÇÝ í»- ê.Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 30-ÇÝ ï»ÕÇ »Ý áõÝ»ó»É Édz½áñí³Í ³ÝÓÇ ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÇÝãåÇëDZ ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñ »Ý Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý, ëï³óí³Í ѳë³- ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ ¨ áñù³Ýá±í »Ý ¹ñ³Ýù ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ, ³½¹³ÏÇñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»- ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ³é³ç³¹»Ù ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÝ (ûñÇݳϪ ϳí³ñÝ»ñÇ ¨ å»ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³- ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Ïáñåáñ³ódzÛÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ³é³- ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÉëáõÙÝ»ñ, áñáÝó Ù³ëÇÝ å³ïß³× Í³Ýáõóí»É ç³¹ñíáÕ): г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáÕ á±ñ ݳ˳·ÇÍÁ áõ áñáÝóáõÙ Ù³ëݳÏó»É »Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¨ Ïѳٳñ»Çù ³Û¹ ³éáõÙáí ûñÇݳϻÉÇ: µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: гÝù³í³ÛñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÍÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ³½¹³ÏÇñ ѳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÍÇùÁ ѳßíÇ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ Áëï ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇ Ñ³ßíÇ »Ý ³éÝí»É ¿ ³éÝíáõÙ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»ÉÇë, Áëï ѳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñÁ: §Þñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ íñ³ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇݦ ÐÐ ûñ»ÝùÇ: - ƱÝ㠵ݳå³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ³Õ»ïÝ»ñ »Ý ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó»É г- Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ: ì»ñáÝßÛ³É ûñ»ÝùÇ 6, 8, ¨ 10 Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñÁ ϳÝáݳϳñ·áõÙ »Ý ³½¹³ÏÇñ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏóáõ- ´Ý³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ³Õ»ïÝ»ñ í»ñçÇÝ ï³ëÁ ï³ñáõ٠г- ÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ µáÉáñ »ñ»ù ÷áõÉ»- Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ ã»Ý ·ñ³Ýóí»É:

59 Feature Deno Gold Mining Company in Armenia

Deno Gold Mining Company

cidents and develop effective and immediate preventive and remedial actions. We are one of the leaders in sustainable development and environmental responsibility issues, as our internal rules are stricter than the current laws; we give practical environmen- tal solutions and practice them in all of our activities. Being a subsidiary of DPM, “DGMC” CJSC, carries out its activities based on the DPM adopted policy and according to the Armenian and international laws. Our activities are di- rected to minimize the possible environmental risks occurring as a result of the company’s activities, re-usage of wastes, saving of resources, as well as increasing people’s responsi- bility towards the environment. Professional development is a key objective at Deno Gold Mining company and we provide a variety of learning oppor- tunities. Key in-house programs include training and leader- ship skills development, as well as professional and technical skills development. We ensure that our employees are prop- erly trained to carry out their jobs safely and productively.

Deno Gold Mining Company CJSC is a subsidiary of Ca- We are committed to providing equal opportunity to all our nadian owned Dundee Precious Metals. Dundee Precious employees and contractors, preventing human rights in- Metals Inc. is a well-financed, Canadian based, international fringements upon our workforce, including forced or compul- gold mining company engaged in the acquisition, exploration, sory labor and racial and gender discrimination. development, mining and processing of precious metals. The Property Description and Location company's principal operating assets include the Chelopech operation (located east of Sofia, Bulgaria, which produces The Deno Gold mining area is located in the south eastern gold, copper and silver concentrates), the Deno Gold opera- corner of Armenia, 320 kilometers south of the capital city tion (located in southern Armenia, which produces gold, cop- of Yerevan, and forms part of the Tethyan tectonic belt. It is per, zinc and silver concentrates), and the Tsumeb smelter situated within the south eastern Syunik region, close to the (a concentrate processing facility located in Namibia). DPM Azerbaijan border. The Kapan plant site is located 1.5 kilo- also holds interests in a number of developing gold proper- meters east of the town of Kapan, with the main mineralized ties located in Bulgaria, Serbia, and northern Canada, includ- zones occurring north of the town. ing interests held through its 51.4 percent owned subsidiary, Deno Gold is 100 percent owned by DPM. The exploration Avala Resources Ltd., its 47.3 percent interest in Dunav Re- license covers 350 square kilometers. sources Ltd. and its 10.7 percent interest in Sabina Gold & Silver Corp. The complex consists of the underground Shahumyan mine, with both rail and mechanized diesel transport systems, two Dundee Precious Metals (DPM) and its subsidiaries recog- primary crushing stations and ore stockpiles, a processing nize the goal of creating a business that is financially sus- plant and various infrastructure facilities that were built to tainable in the long-term and is consistent with the goals of support the operation. the communities and countires in which it is based, creating self-sustaining economies and societies. The Shahumyan underground mine is a polymetallic deposit, from which separate copper and zinc sulphide concentrates, DPM holds the philosophy that sustainable and reliable health both containing gold and silver by-products, are produced. and safety management practices are in the best interest of our employess, business, shareholders and the communities The town of Kapan, which is adjacent to the mining opera- in which we operate. tion, has approximately 40,000 inhabitants. In addition, there are numerous villages in the Kapan area, which can be ac- We never compromise health and safety when carrying out cessed by asphalted road. The region represents a typical any activity. We value health and safety as a core business mountainous area located at the end of Arachadzor mountain activity and always provide sufficient resources to meet all of range, which is the south eastern branch of the Bargushatk our health and safety objectives. We believe that safe and mountain range. Historically, the economics of the region healthy environment is achieved with the input of all person- has been dominated by mining. The main developments are nel on site. the Kajaran copper-molybdenum deposits and the Kapan By considering health and safety as a core of our business copper-zinc mines. Agriculture, farming, gardening and cattle planning and operations, we establish clearly defined health breeding are significant contributors to the economy of the and safety guidelines, programs and trainings. Work perfor- region as well. mance policies and work safety analysis are defined for each History type of activity. The Shahumyan polymetallic vein array was first discovered We identify and investigate the causes of accidents and in- in the early 20th century and was briefly exploited on a small 60 Feature Deno Gold Mining Company in Armenia scale during World War II. Detailed exploration of the Sha- grid is being completed with assay results pending. humyan deposit commenced in 1976 and to date, at least Pit optimization studies will be completed to determine if the 285,000 meters of diamond drilling and over 35,500 meters Shahumyan East zone can be mined by open pit methods. of underground access development from adits on the 780 Intersections have been made with average grades above meter, 820 meter and 860 meter levels and by two vertical the current underground mining cut off, which may result in shafts (not in use) have been completed. Below the 700 level short exploration drives have been completed at the 605 me- the establishment of new underground mineable resources. ter and 505 meter levels. The bulk of the historical surface As a result of the discovery of the Shahumyan East zone, the and underground exploration drilling was conducted to the 160 by 160 meters drill pattern will be extended in this area 550 meter mine level, which is approximately 370 meters be- to define the extents of the mineralization. Infill drilling with low the ground surface. reverse circulation drilling is planned. In 2008, three new declines were started to open up the de- The regional mapping campaign resulted in a significant im- posit below the 780 level and provide access for mechanized provement in the understanding of the stratigraphy, structural equipment. To date, 1,200 meters of decline development history and regional scale mineralization controls, building on have been completed and level development is underway on the work completed in 2007 and earlier Soviet studies. The the 760 meter, 748 meter and 735 meter levels. Dewatering main advances made in stratigraphic understanding came of the 700 meter level, through one of the two unused shafts, with the recognition of larger compositional packages, key was initiated in February 2010 with pumped water reporting sedimentary marker horizons and major unconformities and to the Geghanush tailings management facility. The water the mapping of younger units to the north of the exploration level has been lowered to the 714 meter level in preparation license. The majority of structural work completed in 2001 for further decline development. was confirmed. Major advances in structural understanding have included the recognition of a second fold-thrust event Exploration to the north and the definition of north-south structural corri- A total of 55,362 meters of surface and 2,397 meters of un- dors, which are considered critical mineralization controls on derground exploration drilling was completed in 2011. Sur- a regional scale. In addition, the north plunging anticline, pro- face drilling collared over the existing underground Shahu- posed in 2007, is now interpreted as an open, gently north- myan mine comprised a three phase program of 160 by east plunging, early regional fold. The mineralized corridors 160 meters, 80 by 80 meters and twin holes of Soviet era have been confirmed with EM geophysics and soil sampling drilling. The drilling program has been designed to provide to define drill-ready targets. data for an evaluation of the potential to establish an open pit 2012 Outlook operation. The 160 meter spaced program, completed in the second quarter of 2011, has provided the framework for infill As a result of the disruptions in equipment availability in the drilling. A part of the 80 metre spaced drilling program has third quarter of 2011, the estimated mine output at Deno has been completed by the end of February 2012 in the prioritized been reduced to 530,000 tonnes from 600,000 tonnes. The areas; and the results will be used as additional data for an ore output, mined and milled, for the year 2012 is expected updated Mineral Resource estimate. to be approximately 550,000 tonnes - 610,000 tonnes. Met- Underground exploration within the Central Zone of the Sha- als in concentrate produced are expected to be as follows: humyan deposit on an 80 by 80 meters grid from the 748 25,000 - 28,000 ounces of gold, 2.9 - 3.2 million pounds of mine level, which commenced in September 2011, has con- copper, 18 - 20 million pounds of zinc and 473,000 - 526,000 firmed and extended veins down to the 500 level. The drill- ounces of silver. Total growth capital expenditures for the ing also defined additional low-grade halos around the veins, year 2012 at Deno Gold are expected to be approximately which were previously missed by the Soviet drilling due to $15 million to further enhance underground operations and selective sampling. The additional drilling from both surface advance the proposed open pit project. Unit cash cost per and underground has provided additional data for the current tonne of ore processed, excluding royalties, at Deno Gold geological model and confirmed the updated surface region- for the year 2012 is expected to be approximately $59 - $65. al mapping. One underground diamond core rig is currently Regional Geology operating with plans to increase to three rigs by the second quarter of 2012. A NI 43-101 compliant underground re- The Kapan mine is situated in the eastern part of Zangezour source estimate will be undertaken with completion projected mining region, and with respect to its geological structure and in the first quarter of 2013. metallogeny, it is one of the most geologically complicated areas within the bounds of Small Caucasus. The mine area Surface drilling on a spacing of 160 by 160 meters has dis- covers an area of Jurassic-age intermediate volcanics that covered a new domain of mineralization called "Shahumyan have the potential to host significant bodies of epithermal- East", located immediately east of the Shahumyan east fault. porphyry mineralization similar to those currently defined The mineralization is polymetallic with grades of a similar within mine area. These mainly Middle Jurassic volcanogenic tenor to those encountered in the Shahumyan mine. The and sedimentary formations have a stratigraphic thickness of new zone covers an area of 1.5 kilometers, with veins hav- approximately 1,000 meters. ing a strike length of 500 meters, a depth of 300 meters and an average vein width of 2 meters. Surrounding the veins The Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous volcanic and sed- are zones of disseminated mineralization up to 30 meters imentary formations are localized on the north-eastern and wide. Multiple intersections per hole have been encountered. northern limbs of the Kapan Anticline and have a total thick- Meralization is located under a cover sequence of 60 to 150 ness of 2,500 meters. Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic- meters of unmineralized Upper Jurassic volcanic mudstones Lower Cretaceous formations are cross-cut by Palaeogene and basalts, which overlay the Shahumyan mine sequence age extrusive and sub volcanic dikes of diabase, andesite of andesites, dacites and breccias. To date, 21 holes have and dacite composition. In addition, quaternary basalts occur been drilled into this area. Infill drilling on an 80 by 80 meters locally within the bounds of the mine area. 61 Feature Deno Gold Mining Company in Armenia

Processing A crushing and flotation plant has been developed at Sha- humyan, using typical Soviet era construction and layouts. After primary and secondary crushing, through either of the polymetallic or Centralni crusher units (crusher product size of 30-50mm), material is transported to a storage area by conveyor to supply the concentrator. The Shahumyan ore is then fed by conveyor to a rodmill, followed by a ball mill and a small re-grind mill, as necessary. The primary cyclone over- flow feeds the flotation circuit consisting of conventional Rus- sian Denver style flotation cells to differentially float a gold rich copper concentrate and a zinc concentrate with lesser gold and silver concentrations. There are three main thicken- ers, each 24 meters in diameter, one for each type of concen- trate produced, and a backup system used during repair and maintenance. A small eight meter in diameter thickener serv- ing the uncommissioned lead concentrate circuit will be used to process mine water for use as makeup water in the mill cir- cuit along with reclaim water piped from the Geghanush TMF to the mill. Thickened concentrates are then dewatered using vacuum filters producing a copper (with significant gold and silver) concentrate and a separate high grade zinc (contain- Generalized Geology of Armenia ing smaller quantities of gold and silver) concentrate. Mineralization Overall gold recovery is approximately 90 percent, with be- Typically for Kapan, mineralization is hosted in veins, which tween 12 percent and 16 percent reporting to the zinc con- often present as closely spaced anastamosing vein struc- centrate. Onsite testing continues to reduce this with the tures, displaying a broadly east-west strike and steep (70-85°) corresponding increase into the copper concentrate. Overall dip to the north or south. The strike length of the mineralized silver recoveries have improved to 90 percent, with 72 per- bodies varies from several tens to several hundreds of me- cent reporting to the copper concentrate and 18 percent re- ters, and average vein width is 0.7 - 1.5 meters. The down porting to the zinc concentrate. dip extent of the veining varies from 100 to 200 meters, and Exploration rarely extends beyond 300 meters down dip. Historical The mineralization at Shahumyan occurs in altered dacite, andesite and basaltic host rocks. The main ore minerals are Available historical data was acquired from the Geological chalcopyrite, sphalerite and minor galena, along with gold Fund of RA (Republic of Armenia) in Yerevan, from the re- and silver. Mineralization styles include massive sulphide ports of the Kapan mine and from international GIS geology veining, stock work and network veining and disseminated sources. More than thirty historic reports have been located styles. (mostly from the geological prospecting expeditions of Arm- Geo, but also from expeditions of Ministry of Precious Metals, The mineralogy of the Kapan mining area is distinguished Institute of Geology of Armenia, TSNIGRI and other organi- by its constant pyrite-chalcopyrite association. In some areas zations). Data from ten reports has been scanned, georefer- chalcosine, bornite, spalerite, galena, tenatite, telluride and enced, digitized, translated and used for interpretation. The others are present. The mineralogy of the pyrite-polymetallic Shahumyan polymetallic vein array was first discovered in mineralization also shows constant associations of pyrite + the early part of the 20th century and was briefly exploited on chalcopyrite + sphalerite. Galena, telluride and native gold a small scale during World War II. are also present. In the western part of the mining area, proximal to the Dzo- rastan River, molybdenum mineralization is found in hy- drothermally altered volcanic rocks. Copper-pyrite and pyrite-polymetallic mineralization is hosted by Mid-Jurassic volcanics. The host rocks have been subjected to intense tectonic deformation and metasomatic alteration. Mineraliza- tion is generally proximal to large structures, especially at the intersections of large scale faults. The Mets-Magarin, Khalaj, Khotanan, Bashkend, Central and Western-Shahumyan fractures have all been identified as fluid pathways for mineralization. Mining operations The Shahumyan underground mine is a polymetallic deposit from which separate copper and zinc sulphide concentrates, containing gold and silver by-products, are produced. Lead mineralization is also present but is not economic at this time. 62 Feature Deno Gold Mining Company in Armenia

Detailed exploration of the Shahumyan deposit commenced derground exploration drilling has been conducted to the 550 in1976 and to date at least 280,000meters of diamond drilling meter mine level, which is approximately 370 meters below and over 33,000 meters of underground access development the ground surface. In addition there has been considerable from adits on the 700 meter, 780 meter, 820 meter and 860 channel and face sampling, and this has been reported to meter levels have been completed. Below the 700 level short have been carried out every 4 meters on the development exploration drives have been completed at the 605 meter and face. We have collated available data into a database, which 505 meter levels. The bulk of the historical surface and un- is summarised below.

Summary of the Available Historic Drillhole and Channel Database

Type Holes Meters Meter - Eater 133 6,301 Historic Diamond Drillhole 1,563 290,817.05 Channel Sample - Development 874 18,210.80 Channel Sample - Vein 7,502 32,921.16

Current

In addition to the collation of all relevant historical data into a database, Deno Gold has completed the following campaigns of exploration: • Geophysical airborne VTEM survey (Geotech Ltd. of Canada); • Acquisition of Quickbird, Shuttle Radar Terrain and Aster land use satellite imagery; • Stream sediment sampling/BLEG; • Soil sampling; • Specialized structural geology mapping (Jigsaw Geoscience of Australia); and • Exploration and resource diamond and RC drilling. Preliminary results and interpretations of the various exploration techniques include: • Conductive targets for ground follow up identified; • Coherent stratigraphy identified; • Deformation history confirmed; • Identification of high angle faults as major mineralizing fluid conduits; and • Geochemical stream and soil targets for further follow up. 63 »ٳ ¸ÇÝá ¶áɹ سÛÝÇÝ· ø³Ù÷ÝÇÝ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝáõÙ

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Æ ÉñáõÙÝ µáÉáñ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ, ¸ÇÝá ¶áÉ¹Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óñ»É ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ»ï³- Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ. • ºñÏñ³ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý û¹³ÛÇÝ VTEM ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (γݳ¹³Ï³Ý ¶»áûù êäÀ) • Quickbird, Shuttle Radar Terrain ¨ Aster land ³ñµ³Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ å³ïÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ Ó»éù µ»ñáõÙ • ÐáëùÇ Ýëïí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÝÙáõß³éáõÙ/BLEG • ÐáÕÇ ÝÙáõß³éáõÙ • سëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ »ñÏñ³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý ù³ñ﻽³íáñáõÙ (Jigsaw Geosciences of Australia) • лï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ ¨ å³ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ÉÙ³ëï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ·Ý¹ÇϳÛÇÝ Ñáñ³ïáõÙ: ܳËÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ¨ ï³ñµ»ñ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝÇϳݻñÇ Ù»Ïݳµ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ »Ý. • ѻﳷ³ ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ áñáßí»É »Ý • ׳ݳãí»É ¿ ϳå³Ïóí³Í ß»ñï³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ • ѳëï³ïí»É ¿ Ó¨³Ë»ÕÙ³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ • áñáᯐ ÏïñáõÏ ³ÝÏÛ³Ùµ ˽í³ÍùÝ»ñÁ áñå»ë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ýù³ÛݳóÝáÕ Ñ»ÕáõÏÝ»ñÇ áõÕÇÝ»ñ, ¨ • »ñÏñ³ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ñáë³ÝùÇ ¨ ÑáÕÇ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñáõ٠ѻﳷ³ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ áñáß»Éáõ ѳٳñ: 67 Feature Mining in the Global Perspective

Global Non-Ferrous Metals Industry By Alexander Aramyan

General Overview global reserves of copper at the end 2011 are estimated at around 690 million tons. The biggest reserves are in Chile According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in 2010, (around 190 million tons), Peru (around 90 million tons), and the global level of non-ferrous metals production constituted Australia (around 86 million tons). There are also large re- 84.5 million tons, compared to 50 million tons in 2000. serves in Mexico, U.S., China, Canada, Russia, Kazakhstan, Starting from the 1960-70s, the leader in this sector has been Armenia, and Zambia. To a great extent, the countries which aluminum production, which accounts for between 45-50 have large copper reserves are also the leaders in copper percent (49 percent in 2010) of all non-ferrous metals pro- manufacturing. These countries are the U.S., Chile, Canada, duction. The global production of copper in 2010 constituted Russia, and Japan. In developed countries, around 20-25 around 19 million tons (22.6 percent of the total), zinc was percent of copper is smelted from the secondary raw materi- 12.7 million tons (15.1 percent of the total), lead was 9.3 mil- als (scrap metal). Usually, zinc and lead industries have the lion tons (11.1 percent), and nickel was 1.3 million tons (1.7 same raw material base, which are the polymetallic mines. percent). The production volumes of tin, magnesium, cobalt, The countries that stand out in terms of the extraction are tungsten, molybdenum are also significant. It should be noted the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Peru, Ireland, Germany, Russia, that non-ferrous metallurgy also includes manufacturing of Kazakhstan, Japan, and Australia. However, the smelting of noble and rare metals. zinc and lead is mainly concentrated in the developed coun- tries. For example, Ireland has large raw material reserves, In general, the global extraction of non-ferrous metals has but lacks smelters. On the other hand, Japan, Germany and increased by around 11.2 percent in 2010, and around 4.2 France are more involved in metal manufacturing than in raw percent in 2011 (according to preliminary data). For the past materials export. China is a very big producer of zinc and two years, nickel accounts for the biggest growth in produc- lead. tion volumes. New Trends Almost all branches of non-ferrous metallurgy are character- ized by high levels of energy and material consumption. The In the mining industry we see new trends on a global scale, leader in terms of energy consumption is aluminum produc- which can also be felt in the area of non-ferrous metals pro- tion. This is the reason why aluminum smelters are not lo- duction. Thanks to the developing markets of Southeast Asia cated close to the raw materials, but to the cheap energy and South America, the high demand towards metals is be- sources. The main raw material of aluminum is bauxite, the ing preserved, which, in turn, contributes to the preservation world production of which constitutes 150 million tons. Aus- of high prices of non-ferrous metals. Nevertheless, the cost tralia accounts for around one-third of the global bauxite ex- of metal production is growing. New investment projects are, traction, but the leaders in aluminum production are Russia, as a rule, implemented in hard-to-reach sites and smaller de- U.S., Japan, Germany, and Italy. posits with low quality reserves. Thus, metals extraction is performed from more and more deep layers of the subsoil. In Compared to aluminum, copper manufacturing is less power- Canada, the metals containing gold, copper, and nickel are consuming, but more material consuming. The content of extracted from the depth of 1800-3000 meters, in the U.S., copper in the ore fluctuates within the limits of 0.3-1.5 percent the gold is extracted from the depth of 1700-3000 meters, (in rare cases it exceeds 5 percent, as in Norilsk copper-nick- and in India, from the depth of 3500 meters. In South Africa, el deposit in Russia). Due to this fact, the copper process- the deepest mine in the world is operating, where the activi- ing plants are as a rule located by large deposits. Anyway, ties are carried out at the depth of 4000 meters. There are black copper extraction is implemented near the deposits, large reserves of non-ferrous metals in the ocean. According while further purification and recovery of other metals can be to some estimates, the ocean copper reserves alone exceed performed in more distant sites. According to the USGS, the five billion tons.

68 Feature Mining in the Global Perspective

Enormous resources are spent on improvement of metal national structures in Central Asian countries, a number of extraction and exploration of new reserves. According to tailing dumps are on the verge of catastrophe. Kyrgyzstan some estimates, given the current extraction pace, the sig- is in the most difficult situation, since the tailing dumps of nificant part of metal reserves can deplete by 2050. In order the uranium mines shut down in the 1960-70s have not been to satisfy the growing metal demand, the world’s biggest 40 re-cultivated (conserved). As a result, the problems of land- companies announced $300 billion worth capital investment slides and deteriorating conditions in the tailing dumps have program, $120 billion of which should have been invested in created a disastrous situation (Min Kush, Kadji-Sai, Sumsar, 2011 (according to PWC). This is around twice the amount as etc.). compared to investment volumes of 2010. The situation becomes even worse, since the government Even though the cost of metal extraction is increasing, re- of Kyrgyzstan can not allocate significant resources for the search shows that the profits of the extracting companies improvement and reinforcement. Currently, a number of or- do not decrease due to the high prices. In other words, the ganizations are developing programs to help Kyrgyzstan and growth of profits exceeds that of the costs. According to PWC other Central Asian countries (such as Tajikistan and Uzbeki- estimates, in 2010, the profit of the world’s 40 largest min- stan). ing companies increased by 32 percent, thus surpassing the It should be noted that in European countries, a rather effec- $400 billion threshold for the first time. The net profit went up tive method of tailing dumps’ recultivation has been imple- 156 percent, constituting $110 billion. mented. After closing the mine, the tailing dump is covered When enlarging old or exploiting new mines, large compa- with the new tailing dumps, which are then flattened and nies have concentrated on community development projects covered with breakstone. The latter, in turn, is covered with by implementing a corporate social management model. In polyethylene and aluminum tin plates, connected by metallic general, the large companies are now more concerned about molding. Then, the tin plates are filled with humus, on which corporate transparency and public-private partnership. a forest is planted. In developing countries, the tailing dumps’ recultivation is done by covering the tailing dump with a solid The governments, in turn, have started paying greater at- soil layer. The conservation does not pose any threat from tention to the mining industry, by reviewing and introducing an environmental perspective, but the given area can not be stricter technical and environmental criteria, requirements, further used for agricultural purposes. and tax policy. In general, the role and significance of the The dam firmness is of special importance in terms ensuring mining industry in economic system is constantly growing, the safety of the tailing dumps. In order to minimize the risk especially in the developing countries with large raw material of this factor, the tailing dump is usually located in an area base. Thus, the mining industry in Chile accounts for some geographically lower than the deposit, such as in a canyon, 10 percent in the GDP and 45 percent of its exports. Even hollow, etc. in more developed Australia, the mining industry accounts for one-third of total industrial production. USA, South Africa, Usually, the dam is constructed by filling in the tailing dumps and Australia are the biggest economies in the world in terms and adding additional reinforcements. From the point of view of mining industry volumes. of safety considerations, it is prohibited to build the tailing dumps next to each other. The tailing dump has to be safe Environmental Safety when molten. In this case, it will also be safe when the tailing Mining exploration inevitably leads to environmental prob- dumps are frozen. Based on the most recent research, the lems, however, including the degradation of the upper layer filtration process also plays an important role in the tailing of the soil, reduction of biological resources, underground dumps. water contamination threat, air pollution, noise, etc. During Recently, new technologies are being developed for the recent years, significant attention has been devoted to the purpose of recovery of the metals accumulated in the tail- issue of tailing dumps. The neglected condition of tailing ing dumps. In other words, the tailing dumps are viewed as dumps and an insufficient level of safety may result in seri- unique mines. It is also important to effectively separate (pu- ous environmental disaster. For example, according to inter- rify) the metals from the scrap getting into the tailing dump.

69 »ٳ гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Ïïñí³Íùáí

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Mining Can Be Done Properly, with Minimized Impacts and Wider Benefits for the State and Local Communities

Interview with the Senior Vice President of Lydian International Ltd, Didier Fohlen

The Armenian company, Geoteam CJSC, still owns 100 per- cent of the Amulsar project and Geoteam is in turn 100 per- cent owned by Lydian International Ltd. The question that the opponents of mining very often ask is how the country or the people benefit from the mining project if it is owned by a foreign company? Modern governments recognize that mineral exploration is high-risk and that it requires a very special type of investment and investors, and, so quite rightly, they establish laws to ac- count for and attract this type of foreign investment into their countries. Mining is economically attractive as the sector has a high “multiplier effect.” This means that for each direct job created by a mining company there are several others crea- ted in the support service businesses that a mine also needs. The scale of the investments required to build a modern mine and the expertise required to ensure that it meets world class best practice standards for safety, environmental protection Why did Lydian International decide to invest in Armenia and social development are substantial. So, for all but the and what is the story of Amulsar project? wealthiest countries this means that international capital and Tim Coughlin, the key founder and CEO of Lydian Interna- knowledge is required both to finance the search for econom- tional, is a geologist. He came to Armenia in 2005 to follow ic resources (exploration) and to then put these reserves into what is known as the “Tethyan Metallogenic Belt”. This belt production (mining). of mineralization extends through Armenia from Morocco to To raise the moneys required to date, Lydian attracted fi- Myanmar and is one of the world’s most prolific metal produc- nance by selling the story of Amulsar and of Armenia as a ing mountain ranges. place to invest to international investors. Lydian’s sharehold- Prior to establishing Lydian, Tim Coughlin had been an ex- ers now include some of the biggest investment funds across ploration geologist in South America and had also conducted the globe from Europe - including the UK-, USA and as far his PhD research into the gold deposits of the Andes. He away as Brazil and Australia. Lydian has therefore helped knew what he was looking for. put Armenia on the map as a place for these funds to invest in the future. On the way south to visit another project, Tim noticed that the rocks near Amulsar looked similar to those areas that hosted Lydian also has Armenian shareholders, some of whom are gold in the Andes. So he claimed a license over this area us- based in country and others abroad. Some are investing ing an Armenian company, Geoteam CJSC. No gold explo- through Diaspora funds managed out of New York and other ration had been conducted at Amulsar in the past and it was international financial centers. As Lydian is a “listed” compa- a further year before the first gold was identified in a rock chip ny, anyone can buy or sell its shares every business day. So, sample on the mountain. Armenians can buy a share of Lydian and, of course, sell any shares they already own. Thus, the level of “Armenian own- Prior to obtaining this license, Lydian had been financed by ership” in Lydian changes with these individual decisions. a small amount of high-risk capital mostly provided by the friends and family of the Company’s founders. However, in Armenia stands to gain via taxes and royalties along with the 2006 Lydian was invited by Newmont Mining Corporation, local municipalities in terms of land rents and other economic one of the largest gold producing companies in the world, assistance. Furthermore the State is also an indirect share- to enter into a joint venture to explore Amulsar. In 2007, holder in the Company by virtue of the fact that Armenia is a the International Finance Corporation (the IFC, part of the direct shareholder in both the IFC and the EBRD. World Bank Group) became a major shareholder in Lydian. Lydian International’s approach is to be a responsible com- In 2008, Lydian International listed on the Toronto Stock Ex- pany implementing international mining best practice, sup- change (TSX), opening up the ownership of the company to porting transparency in revenue management, and stimulat- investment institutions and the general public. In 2009, the ing local economic development around its site. Our mine is European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) going to create permanent jobs (about 550 for more than 10 became a significant shareholder, and in 2010, the company years) as well as support the development of small and me- agreed terms to buy Newmont out of its joint venture. dium businesses. 72 Interview Didier Fohlen

This is how a country can benefit from any investment, tion. whether it is done by a foreign or local company. But without Lydian has already invested around $1.7 million in different foreign capital and expertise, Amulsar would not be able to community projects in the closest affected villages of Gorayk, be developed into a significant “world class” operation. Saravan, and Gndevaz. More activity is planned for the com- There is a widespread belief, that taxes on mining are very ing years when construction starts, with additional support low in Armenia. How would you comment on this? going also to Jermuk and Kechut. There are and there will be projects that will help the sustainable development of these According to a 2008 study, conducted by the international communities in terms of small businesses, services and in- accounting firm, PWC, Armenia is one of the countries with frastructure that will promote tourism, agriculture and educa- average to high taxation for mining. tional projects. If tax and royalty rates are set too high, then the required At this stage we have already implemented agricultural, edu- foreign investment and expertise will not be forthcoming. If cational, small business support, and infrastructure projects. set too low, then the host country is insufficiently rewarded. All this has already resulted in many positive outcomes for With advice from the World Bank, the Armenian mining roy- livelihoods. The important one I want to mention is that the alty tax was increased as of January 1, 2012, and now it com- emigration from Gorayk, Saravan and Gndevaz has stopped, prises two components, a top line 4 percent charge on the and there is even a flow of immigrated residents back to their revenue from metal sales and a 12.5 percent charge on op- homes, because there are jobs, there are opportunities for erational profits. In addition, there is a 20 percent corporate entrepreneurship and there is improved infrastructure. This tax and the usual employment and other taxes. is the obvious change in a short period that lets us know that we are doing it right. Overall, Lydian now anticipates to contribute around AMD 35.5 billion annually ($86.5 million) to the state budget of Another argument is that people in the local communities may Armenia during a period of 12 years. Though this could be welcome mining for immediate benefits, but they do not know considerably more, depending on where the gold price goes about the environmental and health problems it may cause. in the next ten years or so. There are also significant rents Lydian started initial environmental, health and social base- that go to the local municipality and employment and other line studies at Amulsar in 2007. Geoteam has kept all local taxes that will be generated by other businesses that supply communities fully informed on progress, issues and challeng- services to the mine. es regarding any environmental or social, health or safety im- Taxes and royalties are the obvious financial benefits that pact of the project. A significant number of public meetings the state budget gets. However, stimulating job creation and aimed at disseminating accurate information took place du- business activity, especially outside Yerevan, is the guaran- ring the last five years. Additional ones will take place in the tee for economic growth. This, together with transparent rev- coming months. enues and good governance, is the simple formula for eco- As a company with multilateral shareholders, such as the IFC nomic stability and growth. and the EBRD, we are operating according to the highest The Amulsar project benefits the surrounding communities international standards both in terms of environmental and by creating local employment (about 160 jobs to date), and social impact mitigation measures and transparency with all we can already see a direct positive impact in the three clos- of the stakeholders. These are known as “The Equator Prin- est villages around the Amulsar Mountain. Lydian promotes ciples” (EPs), which is a credit risk management framework a sustainable development approach by investing in parallel for determining, assessing and managing environmental and in the affected communities, mobilizing partnerships and pro- social risk for major investments. viding technical support for implementing projects that benefit But can the research done by the company be trusted? Would local stakeholders. A larger scale investment to take the proj- a company talk about any environmental impact openly and ect into development will mean renewed infrastructure, influx sincerely? of workers, specialized consultants and company manage- ment living and working, as well as traveling back and forth to The fundamental document for the assessment of the envi- Armenia. This will create a supply of linking businesses along ronmental and social impacts of a project according to in- with the education opportunities and experience for the local ternational standards is the international Environmental and communities. This, in itself has the potential of bringing new Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). Lydian International is in economic benefits even after the closure of the mine. the process of finalizing the ESIA for the Amulsar project. The ESIA will be made available to the public both in Armenian You also mentioned investment into the communities. Cor- and English. This document has been prepared in line with porate social responsibility (CSR) is a relatively new culture the Equator Principals, while meeting the requirements of our in Armenia, especially when it comes to the mining sector. main shareholders, IFC and EBRD. Often, it is taken as a “small contribution to silence the con- cerns of the community”. How would you respond to these It is a result of significant field investigations and scientific kinds of comments? research carried out by independent international consult- ing companies Wardell Armstrong International, Golder As- I can only talk on behalf of Lydian International. Lydian is, we sociates and a number of other reputable organizations and believe, among the first mining companies to promote a CSR consultants with decades of experience in the mining sector approach in Armenia. Supporting local communities goes be- worldwide. yond simple charity; it should ensure sustainable economic benefits for the community and turn it into a strong and com- This ESIA is an independent assessment, which includes all mitted partnership. A mining company can be successful only the possible impacts and mitigation measures for the pro- in a constructive environment of mutual trust and coopera- ject, therefore providing a comprehensive review on all envi- 73 Interview Didier Fohlen

ronmental issues, in terms of water, landscape, biodiversity, as well as health, social (including archaeology and herd- ing), security and safety issues. It is an open document and we plan to have thorough discussions with each and every stakeholder interested. In addition, the Armenian government intends to commission a further independent review of the already independent ESIA. As far as Jermuk is concerned, one of the concerns of the civic activists, Jermuk municipality and other stakeholders, including those business entities operating in Jermuk, is that mining can affect the resort town of Jermuk in a negative way. The Amulsar mining project is not going to negatively affect neither Jermuk nor its potential tourism development. All of the claims made on possible negative impacts for Jermuk have been addressed in the ESIA. To sum up the impact re- view carried out: there is no issue with the water mineral qual- ity and resources, the noise from the mining operation will not be heard in town, the dust will not reach Jermuk and nearby communities, and there will be no increased radiation caused by the Amulsar project. This is based on scientific research, available for anyone interested in the ESIA, which will be a public document. As for tourism, there are at least a dozen mines worldwide operating near resort towns that cause no problem for the de- velopment of the resorts. Mining activities provide a regular flow of revenues all year round in comparison with tourism, which can be quite seasonal. The economic activity gener- ated by the Amulsar project will drive further investments and infrastructure development in this region. A developed Jermuk is beneficial for Armenia and for the Amulsar project. Jermuk is the major town our investors, management, workers and guests will be visiting and living in or by for the coming decade and more. We want to contribute Regardless of such work, there are always civic activists that positively to the development of Jermuk in the coming years, oppose any mining project in general, and it is, thus difficult to and as such the nature of Lydian support is being discussed have meaningful discussion based on facts with them. Today with the municipality and its residents. mining can be done properly, with minimized impacts and wider benefits for the state and local communities. We re- The civic movements in Armenia are getting more and more spect different opinion, but for some NGOs to argue that the active, and mining is one of the targets. How do you address Armenian economy does not need any new mining project is these concerns? not to be realistic. Even some of the strongest economies in There are environmental activists all over the world, some the world rely on mining as an important share in their gross of them against any mining at all. Lydian’s approach is to domestic product and government revenue. engage in a transparent manner with all NGOs. Virtually any However for those NGOs demanding responsible mining, the industry including tourism and agriculture can be potentially Amulsar project is an example of such an operation, and that harmful for the environment if the impacts are not anticipated is why we welcome constructive discussion with them. As an early or not mitigated correctly. The only way a responsible example, if comprehensive research by a world-class com- company can address the concerns is via disclosure of avail- pany like Radman Associates shows that there is no uranium able independently verified information, accessible to all concentration in the site that might cause radiation issues, it stakeholders, on how it mitigates the potential impact. We will be beneficial for all sides not to devalue fact-based argu- will make sure that the ESIA reaches all the stakeholders, in- ments by mixing them with myths. cluding the Armenian NGO community. If there are still ques- tions, clarifications required or concerns, we are open for any Another example is a statement by one of the environmental- discussion. ists that there are no open pit mines in the "civilized" world. They have clearly not visited such mines in the USA, Canada Lydian has put considerable resources forward to ensure and even New Zealand. Lydian wants to demonstrate that thorough scientific research and technical assessments, and responsible and sustainable mining is possible in Arme- all information will be made available. This document is a re- nia. If that is what the civil society pursues, we are ready to sult of years of work with input from world class specialists. help with independently verified information and best prac- The enormous amount of information it presents to the public tice sharing. We are open for cooperation and constructive on any possible environmental, health and social issues that discussion. A well informed civil society is beneficial for the mining can potentially cause can serve as a good educational country, the general public and the business entities operat- basis on modern mining techniques. ing in the country. 74 гñó³½ñáõÛó ¸Ç¹Û» üáÉ»Ý

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¨ ³ÛÉ ß³Ñ³·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ` ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ æ»ñÙáõÏÇ ·áñͳ- ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ¿: гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í µÁ- ñ³ñ ˳íÇ Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ ²ÙáõÉë³ñÇ Ý³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ¨ ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ߳ѳ·áñÍáõÙÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ µ³ó³ë³µ³ñ ³½¹»É æ»ñÙáõÏ µáÉáñ Ñݳñ³íáñ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ³ÛÝ Ñëϳ- ³éáÕç³ñ³ÝÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý íñ³: Û³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñ ϳ ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃáõÙ, ϳ- ñáÕ ¿ ųٳݳϳÏÇó ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý ï»Ë- ²ÙáõÉë³ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ áñ¨¿ µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Éáõñç µ³½³ ¹³éݳÉ: ãÇ áõݻݳ á°ã æ»ñÙáõÏ ù³Õ³ùÇ, á°ã ¿É ½µáë³ßñçáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý íñ³: ´ê²¶-Á ï³ÉÇë ¿ æ»ñÙáõÏÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í âÝ³Û³Í ÝÙ³Ý Í³í³ÉáõÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, µáÉáñ ÑÝã»óí³Í Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï³ë˳ÝÝ»ñÁ: ÙÇßï Ï·ïÝí»Ý µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý ³ÏïÇíÇëïÝ»ñ, áíù»ñ ¹»Ù ²Ù÷á÷»Éáí ѻﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. Íñ³·ÇñÁ »Ý ó³Ýϳó³Í ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñÇÝ ¨ ³Ûë áñ¨¿ Ï»ñå ãÇ ³½¹Ç ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ çñ»ñÇ íñ³, ѳÝùÇ ³ÕÙáõÏÁ ¹»åùáõÙ µ³ñ¹ ¿ ÷³ëï»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í µáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÛÇÝ ãÇ ÉëíÇ ù³Õ³ùáõÙ, ÷áßÇÝ ãÇ Ñ³ëÝÇ á°ã æ»ñÙáõÏ, á°ã ¿É ùÝݳñÏáõ٠ݳ˳ӻéÝ»É: ²Ûëûñ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõ- ѳñ³ÏÇó ·ÛáõÕ»ñ: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, ²ÙáõÉë³ñÇ Íñ³·ÇñÁ ãÇ ÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É å³ïß³× Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ïáí` å³ñáõݳÏáõ٠鳹dzódzÛÇ áñ¨¿ íï³Ý·: ²Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁ Ñݳñ³íáñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½»óÙ³Ý ÙÇçáó³éáõÙ- Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï ·Çï³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ Ý»ñ ÏÇñ³é»Éáí ¨ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý áõ ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³- »Ý, áñáÝù Ý»ñ³éí³Í »Ý ´ê²¶-áõÙ, áñÁ µ³ó ÷³ï³ÃáõÕà ٳñ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ß³Ñ ³å³Ñáí»Éáí: Ø»Ýù ѳñ·áõÙ ¿ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ: »Ýù ó³Ýϳó³Í ï»ë³Ï»ï, µ³Ûó, »ñµ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÁ åݹáõÙ ¿, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÁ áã ÙÇ ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ½µáë³ßñçáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ ³éÝÁ- Ýáñ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñÇ Ï³ñÇù ãáõÝÇ, ¹³ í³½Ý Ù»Ï ï³ëÝÛ³Ï Ñ³Ýù»ñ ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý ³éáÕç³ñ³ÝÝ»- Çñ³ï»ë³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙ ã¿: ÜáõÛÝÇëÏ ³ß˳ñÑÇ ³Ù»- ñÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ ¨ áñ¨¿ Ï»ñå ã»Ý ËáãÁݹáïáõÙ ¹ñ³Ýó ݳѽáñ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõ٠ѳÝ- ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: гÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏÉáñ ï³ñÇÝ ù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½·³ÉÇ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝ ¿ ϳ½Ùáõ٠ϳÛáõÝ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñ ¿ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ, ÙÇÝã¹»é ½µáë³- »ñÏñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ðܲ-áõÙ ¨ å»ï³Ï³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñáõÙ: ßÁñçáõÃÛáõÝÁ 뻽áݳÛÇÝ µÝáõÛà ϳñáÕ ¿ áõݻݳÉ: ÆëÏ, »Ã» Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ²ÙáõÉë³ñÇ Íñ³·ñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³- áñáÝù å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »Ý å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõ- ñ³Í³ßñç³Ýáõ٠ϳå³ÑáíÇ Ýáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ »Ýó- ݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ²ÙáõÉë³ñÁ Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹åÇëÇ Íñ³·Çñ ¿, ¨ ϳéáõóí³ùÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Ù»Ýù ÏáÕçáõÝ»Ýù ÝÙ³Ý Ï³éáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý ùÝݳñÏáõÙÁ: ¼³ñ·³ó³Í æ»ñÙáõÏÁ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇÝ, àñå»ë ûñÇݳÏ` ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ×³Ý³ãáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ²ÙáõÉë³ñÇ Íñ³·ñÇÝ: æ»ñÙáõÏÝ ³ÛÝ ÑÇÙݳ- ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Radman Associates-Ç Áݹ·ñÏáõÝ Ñ»ï³½á- Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ùÝ ¿, áõñ Ù»Ï ï³ëÝÛ³Ï ï³ñáõó ³í»ÉÇ ³å- ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ, ѳÝù³í³Ûñáõ٠鳹dzódzÛÇ ËݹÇñ- ñ»Éáõ ¨ å³ñµ»ñ³µ³ñ ³Ûó»É»Éáõ »Ý Ù»ñ Ý»ñ¹ñáÕÝ»ñÁ, Õ»- Ý»ñ ³é³ç³óÝáÕ áõñ³ÝÇ ÏáÝó»Ýïñ³ódzݻñ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÑÛáõñ»ñÁ ¨ ³ß˳ï³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ: Ø»Ýù áõ½áõÙ ãáõÝ»Ý, ¨, ѻ勉µ³ñ, µáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ß³Ñ»Ï³Ý »Ýù ³é³çÇϳ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÉÇÝÇ ³é³ëå»ÉÝ»ñáí ã³ñÅ»½ñÏ»É ÷³ëï»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝÁ- áõÝ»Ý³É æ»ñÙáõÏÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù»ç, ¨ ÈǹdzÝÇ Ñݳñ³íáñ í³Í ùÝݳñÏáõÙÁ: ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý µÝáõÛÃÁ ³ÛÅÙ ùÝݳñÏíáõÙ ¿ æ»ñÙáõÏÇ Ø»Ï ³ÛÉ ûñÇݳÏ. µÝ³å³Ñå³ÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÙ ù³Õ³ù³å»ï³ñ³ÝÇ ¨ µÝ³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ¿, áñ §ù³Õ³ù³ÏÇñæ ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ µ³ó³Ñ³Ýù»ñ ãϳÝ: г- ø³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñÁ ·Ý³Éáí Ù»Í Ã³÷ »Ý ѳ- í³Ý³µ³ñ ùã»ñÝ »Ý ³éÇà áõÝ»ó»É ³Ûó»É»Éáõ ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ýù»ñ í³ùáõ٠г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ¨ ÃÇñ³ËÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ Ñ»Ýó ѳÝ- ²ØÜ-áõÙ, γݳ¹³ÛáõÙ áõ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Üáñ ¼»É³Ý¹Ç³ÛáõÙ: ù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ÆÝãå»±ë »ù ³ñÓ³·³ÝùáõÙ ÑÁÝ- ÈǹdzÝÁ ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ ¿ ³å³óáõó»É, áñ г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ã»óíáÕ Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: ÝáõÛÝå»ë Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ºÃ» ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³- ²ß˳ñÑáõÙ ³Ù»Ýáõñ µÝ³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÏïÇíÇëïÝ»ñ ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ ¿ Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ, å³ï- ϳÝ, ¨ Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ëϽµáõÝùáñ»Ý ¹»Ù ¿ ѳÝù³ñ- ñ³ëï »Ýù ³ç³Ïó»É ³ÝÏ³Ë ÷áñÓ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñáí ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ó³Ýϳó³Í ï»ë³ÏÇ: Ø»ñ ëϽµáõÝùÁ ¨ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÷áñÓÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáí: ó÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: îÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ó³Ýϳó³Í ×ÛáõÕ, Ø»Ýù µ³ó »Ýù ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ϳéáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ½µáë³ßñçáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ٠·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ù³ÝÇ áñ Çñ³½»Ïí³Í ù³Õ³ù³ódz- ï»ë³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ϳñáÕ ¿ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñ¨áñ ¿ »ñÏñÇ, ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý íï³Ý· Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, »Ã» ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ×Çßï ϳ٠ų- áõ ݳ¨ »ñÏñáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ µÇ½Ý»ë ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ٳݳÏÇÝ ãÇ Ñ³ßí³ñÏí»É ¨ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ï³Ý˳ñ- ·»ÉÇã ÙÇçáó³éáõÙÝ»ñ ã»Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É: ä³ï³ë˳- ݳïáõ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ³ñÓ³·³ÝùÝ»É ÑÝã»óíáÕ Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ÙdzÛÝ Íñ³·ñÇ Ñݳñ³íáñ ³½¹»óáõ- ÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É Çñ ïñ³Ù³ñ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï »Õ³Í ³ÝÏ³Ë Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»Éáõ ¨ ï»Õ»- ϳïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ÙÇçáóáí: Ø»Ýù ³Ý»Éáõ »Ýù ³Ù»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñÁ, áñ ´Ý³å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ¨ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÁ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ÉÇÝÇ µáÉáñ ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ»ñÇÝ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É` г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÐÎ-Ý»ñÇÝ: ºÃ» ¹»é¨ë Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñ ÙÝ³Ý ¨ Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝ- Ý»ñ, Ù»Ýù µ³ó »Ýù ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: ÈǹdzÝÁ ½·³ÉÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ¿ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É Ëáñù³ÛÇÝ ·Çï³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï- Ù³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: àÕç ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ¿ ¨ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ µáÉáñ Ñ»ï³ùñùí³Í ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ²Ûë ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ` ´ê²¶-Á, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ µ³ñÓñ³Ï³ñ· Ù³ë- Gorayk Village ݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ 78 Feature Mining and the Society

The Tolerance of Society Towards Mining

By Edita Vardgesyan, Chair of Environmental Economics, Economics of Natural Resource Use, The State University of Economics of Armenia

In order to ensure economic growth, society places ever- The ICMM document on Sustainable Development Frame- increasing demand upon the supply of raw materials, includ- work, Final Principles3, particularly outlines that the mining ing mining resources, which in turn, implies the fostering of companies which accept the ICMM principles are obliged to the development of the mining sector. Like many developing implement their activities by adhering to the sustainable de- countries, Armenia is greatly dependent on subsoil exploi- velopment concept and following ten principles. These prin- tation to ensure economic growth and people’s well-being. ciples include developing and applying ethical norms of eco- Let us not discuss the point that considering the heady de- nomic activities, ensuring work safety, striving to provide for velopment of mining as natural resource exploitation to be a environmental security, stimulating the utilization, treatment priority sector for Armenia’s economic growth and the main and proper disposal of waste, contributing to the socio-eco- precondition of economic development of the country simply nomic development of impacted communities, and ensuring contradicts the governmentally adopted sustainable develop- transparent reporting of economic and financial activities, etc. ment strategy concept of sustainable economic development. Mining companies create significant income streams, but of- The illusionary nature of the benefits of mineral raw material ten the society is unable to benefit from them. The society’s extraction from the viewpoint of social welfare has been sur- awareness of state revenues and expenditures aids in the veyed and proven by non-renewable resource economics. process of selecting the correct and realistic ways of eco- The author believes that the promotion of sectors exploit- nomic development during public consultation. With the pur- ing natural reserves and mining in particular will eventually pose of ensuring public awareness and participation in the have a negative impact on the economic development of the management of monetary streams generated in the mining country, and on the GDP growth and will consequently affect sector and budgetary revenues, same strategic approaches social well-being. Let us rather discuss how in the given situ- and initiatives are applied in a number of countries. These ation we can manage the process of the extraction of natural are Publish What You Pay, Extracting Industries Transpar- resources based on best international practices and minimize ency Initiative, Corporate Social Responsibility, Global Re- the disastrous adverse impacts of mining on the environment porting Initiative, etc. and population, as well as make it benefit the society at large. Publish What You Pay is a social initiative in the mining sec- The maximization of economic growth is the command ne- tor which helps the citizens of developing countries that are cessity of any developing economy. On the other hand, it heavily dependent on resource extraction make their govern- should not be achieved at any cost, but taking into account ments be more accountable for the revenue from the mining the restrictions imposed on the economic growth in terms of industry. The baseline idea of the initiative is based on the the maximization of social welfare and the minimization of fact that for many countries, the revenue received from natu- environmentally irreversible impact. ral resource extraction are an important source of budgetary revenues, and that the population of the countries that are All this notably relates to the mining sector, where invest- greatly dependent on natural resources, as a rule, lives in ments have to be economically profitable, socially beneficial extreme poverty. and environmentally sound. In cases when the governments and natural resource man- In this sense, the responsible management of the mining agement bodies are not accountable to the citizens, the min- sector is of the utmost importance. Only in this case will it ing sector is associated with high levels of corruption. The be possible to promote economic growth and overcome pov- mining revenues are not disclosed by government or the erty using the revenue generated by this sector. The histori- companies, since this information is often considered as con- cal record proves that the improper management of natural fidential information. The absence of accountability promotes resource exploitation inevitably leads to significant negative the illegal misappropriation of revenue through the abuse economic and social impacts, and the resources become the of official positions. In extreme cases, the distribution of re- source of a deepening of poverty, corruption, social tension source management may result in social clashes. and conflict. This is the reason why natural resource man- agement benefits the citizens’ well-being and nations’ pros- “Publish what you pay” calls directed to the mining companies perity, and is the sacred responsibility of the state public ad- and “publish what you receive" calls directed to the govern- ministration system1. ment are the first necessary steps towards the accountability system of management of revenues received from natural The governments of many countries have undertaken the resources. implementation of a number of strategic approaches and ini- tiatives for achieving these goals in the mining sector. With Having received the information both from the company and the purpose of consistently ensuring the sustainable develop- the government, the society can compare these two mon- ment of the mining, minerals and metals industries, in 2001, etary streams and require the justification of the expenses the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) was from this valuable source. The society receives the opportu- formed2. nity to monitor the effective usage and distribution of the re-

1 “Country provides … reasonable exploitation of natural reserves,” Republic of Armenia Constitution, Article 10. 2 Currently, the ICMM includes 15 corporate and 24 sectorial associate members. 3 ICMM SD Framework – Final Principles Date: 29 May 2003 International Council on Mining and Metals Page:1 Document Ref: C 020/290503 79 Feature Mining and the Society

source revenues to facilitate the economic development and improvement of social services. “Publish what you pay” program is based on the concept that transparency will be reached through the application of a number of mutually complementary mechanisms. It is es- pecially important that all the beneficiaries who support or invest in the mining sector (geological exploration and min- ing companies, government, investors, international financial and other institutions, legislative and governing bodies, and local communities) are also obliged to raise the level of trans- parency of this sector. Extracting Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is one of the implementation mechanisms. The EITI is developed to assist governments, mining companies, NGOs, and inves- tors to research and evaluate, through regular reports, the contributions made by the companies to the state budget. The purpose of this initiative is to enlarge the scope of public monitoring and, thus, improve mining sector management. The EITI is the international standard of improving transpar- ency and accountability. The necessity of its application is es- pecially essential in economies that are heavily dependent on natural resource extraction and its revenues. The EITI offers a rather flexible methodology to monitor and compare com- panies` payments and state revenues at the micro level. The EITI promises a number of benefits in the countries where it is implemented. These include: • Greater public trust The implementation of the EITI is a signal to all interested parties that the government is serious about mining sector accountability and transparency, especially if it is implement- ed in the framework of general state reforms and programs. The EITI country candidate has to comply with a number of internationally agreed criteria on transparency, which shall be monitored independently with a publication of the results. Since the EITI has a vivid anti-corruption nature, society be- gins to believe that an atmosphere where it is hard to hide the “corruption taxes” is established in the country. This, in turn, raises the level of trust of the society towards the government and the state. environment, cannot be implemented without having reliable • More effective collection of revenues data on received revenues. Through the focus of attention on the monetary streams, the • Financial information centralization EITI promotes better tax collection of the mining companies and, thus, helps in the process of strengthening their fiscal One of the key issues related to the mining sector transpar- role. ency is the fact that the information on payments and reve- nues is often scattered throughout incompatible sources and • Borrower rating increase is not available to the wider public. The EITI ensures an ef- Financial transparency favorably impacts the attractiveness fective way of centralizing the information in one place, while of the internal and external investment climate. By regularly providing for information reliability and clear interpretations. presenting the EITI reports, the borrowing reliability of the • Other sectors` transparency country and the extracting companies improves and increas- es. Since the information which the society possesses be- The international experience of applying the EITI proves that comes more reliable, the financial structures’ opportunities to when implemented in one particular sector, it often promotes evaluate the country’s borrowing reliability grow as well. The transparency and accountability of other sectors of economy increase of reliability, in turn, raises the probability of attract- and social life, as well as encouraging the implementation of ing loans and other financing by the state, at the same time other initiatives in the mining sector. lowering its cost. • The necessity of enlarging the scope of governmental re- • Public control strengthening forms When the payments made to the state budget (including the According to international experience, the EITI promises community budgets) are clearly stated and known to the pub- great benefits even if implemented alone. However, the big- lic, expenditures’ accountability can be organized in a more gest benefits from implementing the EITI are received when efficient way. It is obvious that important functions like bud- it becomes part of the overall natural resource management getary control, which constitutes the basis of healthy public reforms. 80 Feature Mining and the Society

pany’s activity. A number of reporting guides and standards have been compiled within the framework of social account- ing, audit, and reporting, including AA 1000 Accountability Standard, Workplace Code of Conduct, Good Corporation’s Standard developed by Business Ethics Institute, SA 8000 Social Accountability International Standard, ISO 1400 Envi- ronmental Management Standard, Technical guide on eco- efficiency criteria, reporting order, and information publication offered by the UN International Standards of Accounting and Reporting, and the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) Sus- tainability Reporting Guidelines, etc. The Global Reporting Initiative has become the unified sys- tem of economic entities’ activities measuring units, aimed at reinforcing transparency in social life and ensuring eco- nomic growth. It has been developed with the joint efforts and proportional participation of the representatives of eco- nomic entities, company staffs, and NGOs from more than 60 countries and can serve as trustworthy and reliable infor- mation on being harmonious with the sustainable economic development. This information is available to all interested parties. The information is presented in the form of economic, environmental, and social activity reports developed by the companies according to special guidelines. The GRI system includes the fundamental document on Sus- tainability Reporting Guidelines, as well as Protocols and Sector Supplements, containing Mining and Metals Sector Supplement. The reports compiled on the bases of the Sus- tainability Reporting Guidelines provide for the information on the company’s compliance with the laws, norms, regulations, and standards present in the country, as well as the compli- ance with the voluntary obligations assumed by the company itself, and thus speak of the willingness of the company to contribute to sustainable development. It is used by thou- sands of companies in the world as a proof of their perfor- mance sustainability. What is the Mining and Metals Sector Supplement sustain- ability report? Part one includes the main principles and re- quirements of compiling the report, which relate to the con- tent of the report, completeness of information, involvement of interested parties, as well as quality, balanced nature, cor- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is also known as a rectness, timeliness, reliability and clarity of the data. sustainable responsible business (SRB) initiative. This busi- ness model offers a way of corporate self-regulation, and can Part two includes the indicators characterizing economic, en- be used to ensure that the economic entity secures and mon- vironmental, and social activities, as well as their compliance itors compliance with all legal requirements, moral norms and with the sustainability indicators. international standards. Business ethics is the application of The economic activity of the company is crucial in terms of ethical principles and the solution of ethical problems in the determining its sustainability. The economic activity is usually economic activity. Today, business ethics is a constantly presented in the financial reports and contains the informa- growing imperative of the 21st century’s international market tion on the financial standing of and changes in the company, relations. as well as the outcomes of the monetary funds’ management. Thanks to the SRB, the economic entity feels responsible for However, this information does not foster an understanding the impact caused on the environment, company employees, of the level of the company’s contribution to sustainable de- communities, consumers, and other parties. Actually, the velopment. The economic entity can be financially viable, but CSR aims to achieve triple goals (Triple Bottom line). This is this viability can be attained at the expense of other negative a targeted integration of public benefits or the generation of impacts. maximum profit in the process of attaining the corporate ben- The economic performance criteria of the report seek to de- efits, while ensuring people’s well-being and environmental termine the impact of the company’s economic activity on safety, which, in turn, supposes the preservation of business the third parties. From this point, the presented information ethics norms. is divided into the following three groups: economic activity, The companies are guided by Responsible Investment Prin- market relations, and indirect economic impact. Along with ciples developed by UN, the most important component of the traditional economic criteria, other economic criteria are which are the so-called social accounting, audit and account- the financial expenses of the company as a result of climate ability. Social accounting is at the core of interpretation of change and the evaluation of the potential risks of the com- the interrelated social and environmental impacts of the com- pany related to the climate change. Since the company can 81 Feature Mining and the Society

contribute to the national economic growth in an indirect way verse impacts on the natural and social environment. These (e.g. by giving the preference to the national business in the impacts result from the fact that the mining companies prefer supply chain), the criteria related to the market relations are open-pit mining. This is justified from the economic expedien- the availability of the policy on preferences to the local sup- cy viewpoint, as in the case of the open exploitation of mines, pliers, the share of goods purchased and services received capital and current costs are lower, the mines can be easily from the local suppliers, etc. The criteria which relate to the enlarged, the opportunities to use large size machinery are indirect economic impact are numerous. For example, the wider, and the deposit reserves can be extracted to the fuller increase of community’s workforce professional skills and scale. In case of closed exploitation, the extraction losses knowledge to satisfy the companies’ growing demand for (up to the 20 percent of the reserves) and additional costs skilled labor. are unavoidable, which relate to ensuring the safety on the workplace. The environmental performance criteria of the report reflect upon the ecological consequences of the mining company’s In order to improve the situation and change the attitude of economic activity and provide information on natural resource the society towards the mining sector, thus, mitigating the so- utilization effectiveness on one hand and the activities under- cial tension, it is necessary to establish the legislative frame- taken to prevent or mitigate the impact on the environment work and economic mechanism in order to follow and apply on the other. international best practices in the mining sector (Rio-Tinto, Idaho, gold extraction in Montana, render of abandoned The indicators of this system are the physical quantities of coal mines’ in Maryland, etc.) The best experience relates the used materials, which characterize the level of promot- to the mine opening and drilling activities. These are waste ing the rational use of the country’s resource potential by the rocks and land and tailing dumps, safe transportation stor- mining company through the application of resource saving age and disposal of hazardous materials, construction of the mechanisms; the specific weight of secondary raw materi- approaching roads, soil erosion prevention measures, re-cul- als; sources of energy resources, in the balance of which the tivation and vegetation restoration activities, management of change of the specific weight of this or that source proves closed or abandoned mines. the company’s resource saving efforts; energy demand re- duction data. Also, the environmental system indicators are Unfortunately, as of today, we lack the necessary basis to the total volume of water intake broken down by sources, the model an exemplary mining sector. Some legal norms of a volume of recycled or reused water, the description of ac- declarative nature do exist, but they are not supported by the tivities causing significant impact in the areas of bio-diversity relevant economic mechanisms ensuring their practical ap- significance, the area of lands disturbed and restored by the plication. company, the total physical volumes of the greenhouse and other hazardous gas emissions, the total volume of wastes by types, as well as placement or storage mode, the total volumes of waste rocks, tailing dumps and enrichment waste and the risks arising from them, etc. One of the most important criteria of the report includes hu- man rights protections and labor code enforcement in the mining companies, as well as social criteria highlighted in a separate group. They are extremely important for the mining industry, since the impacts of this sector are specifically sig- nificant on small, remote and often underdeveloped commu- nities. Among many indicators, one can particularly mention the total number of hours allocated for the training on human rights policy and measures; the total number of cases and measures against religious, political, sexual, ethnical, social and other types of discrimination and violation of interests within the scope of company and its interested parties; the total number of and measures implemented against the vio- lation of rights of impacted community residents; the number of injuries, professional diseases and deaths caused by inci- dents in the workplace, and the existence of employee pro- fessional qualification programs. The report can be useful in terms of revealing the measures employed in the companies to alleviate the negative impacts and promote the develop- ment of impacted communities, as well finding out the opin- ions of local residents. The report also includes the programs assessing the impact on local communities which refer to the time periods before entering the community and start of the activities, during the operation phase, after the completion of works and closure activities, as well as a number of other social indicators. The absence of the society’s trust with regard to the fair dis- tribution of the revenue from the mining sector in Armenia is not the only source of multiple social tension and conflict. The extensive expansion of the mining sector meets the un- compromising opposition of the society due to serious ad- 82 83 »ٳ гë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ

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* ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԸՆԴԵՐՔԻ ՈԼՈՐՏԻ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՌԱԶՄԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ, 1.Նախաբան, կետ 1 1 §Պետությունն ապահովում է … բնական պաշարների ողջամիտ օգտագործումը¦ , ՀՀ Սահմանադրություն Հ10. 2 Ü»ñϳÛáõÙë ICMM ϳ½ÙáõÙ »Ý 15 Ïáñåáé³ïÇí ¨ 24 ×ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ³ëáódzïÇí ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ: 3 ICMM SD Framework – Final Principles Date: 29 May 2003 International Council on Mining and Metals Page:1 Document Ref: C 020/290503 84 »ٳ гë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ

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AmCham Members by Sector

Banking & Insurance British-American Tobacco Janoschka Stolte Ameria Coca-Cola HBC Armenia McCann Erickson ArmSwissBank Japan Tobacco International Mineh Printing Company Byblos Bank Armenia Mary Kay Publicis Hepta Armenia Express Credit UCO Megerian Carpet Moving & Transportation First Mortgage Company Oriflame Armenia Fedex Good Credit Philip Morris Armenia LLC Globalink HSBC Bank Armenia Stalker Gosselin Yerevan Ingo Armenia Insurance Energy & Mining Unitrans KfW Armenian Copper Program NGOs & International Resolution Apahovagrakan Broker Blackstairs Energy Armenia Organizations Rosgosstrakh-Armenia Deno Gold Center for Agribusiness and Rural Business & Financial Services GeoProMining Group Development (CARD) Accept Employment Center Geoteam Children of Armenia Fund (COAF) Alpha Plus Consulting Information Technologies Eurasia Partnership Foundation Baker Tilly Armenia Altacode Foundation for the Preservation of Booz Allen Hamilton Apaga Technologies Wildlife and Cultural Assets (FPWC) Business Support Center Fine Habitat for Humanity Armenia Cascade Consultants Hylink International Center for Agribusiness Citadel LC Distribution Research and Education (ICARE) Concern Dialog LTX-Credence Armenia IREX Erebuni Plaza Mentor Graphics Pragma Corporation Armenia Branch Ernst & Young Microsoft World Vision Armenia Firmplace National Instruments Tourism & Hospitality Services Grant Thornton Amyot OSG Records Management Armenia International Airports Harutiunian & Partners Law Firm Synergy International Systems Armenia Marriott Hotel KPMG Synopsys Armenia Austrian Airlines Legelata Unicomp Best Western Congress Hotel Nasdaq OMX Infrastructure Development Golden Tulip Hotel Yerevan PriceWaterhouseCoopers RENCO S.P.A. Jazzve Prudence Zeppelin Armenia Levon Travel VAPartners Marketing & Promotion Rumea Consumer Goods Antares Media Holding Tufenkian Hospitality Arsoil Deem Communications Miscellaneous / Other Artsakh Brandy Intra Call Center Armenia Armobil Security Service 90 91 92