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Canadian Approaches Toward University Internationalisation: Actors, Activities and Rationales

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Canadian Approaches Toward University Internationalisation: Actors, Activities and Rationales CANADIAN APPROACHES TOWARD UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONALISATION: ACTORS, ACTIVITIES AND RATIONALES by Mary Catharine Lennon Bachelor of Arts, Queen's University, 2001 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Faculty of Education © Mary Catharine Lennon 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Mary Catharine Lennon Degree: Master of Arts Title of Research Project: Canadian Approaches Toward University Internationalisation: Actors. Activities and Rationales Examining Committee: Chair: Stephen Campbell. Assistant Professor - Eugenic Sarnicr, Associate Professor Senior Supervisor ----------------------- Allan MacKinnon. Associate Professor Nello Angerilli, VP Students and International, SFU Dr. Michelle Nilson, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education Internal/External Exami ncr Date: August 23. 2007 \I I SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY SFU LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author. whose Cllpyright is dc,-Llrcd on the title p~lge of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser Univcrsiry the right to lend i hi-, i lrcsis. plllJen or extcnded essay to users of the Simon Fraser University LibLIlY, and to make p.rrti.rl 01 singk topics only lor su,'h users or in respolISe to a request from the library otauv other univcrsitv. "1' other cdur.rrioual institution, on its OWIl behalfor for one of its users. 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Revised Spring 2007 (SFU Library) SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY THINKING OF THE WORLD STATEMENT OF ETHICS APPROVAL The author, whose name appears on the title page of this work, has obtained, for the research described in this work, either: (a) Human research ethics approval from the Simon Fraser University Office of Research Ethics, or (b) Advance approval of the animal care protocol from the University Animal Care Committee of Simon Fraser University; or has conducted the research (c) as a co-investigator, in a research project approved in advance, or (d) as a member of a course approved in advance for minimal risk human research, by the Office of Research Ethics. A copy of the approval letter has been filed at the Theses Office of the University Library at the time of submission of this thesis or project. The original application for approval and letter of approval are filed with the relevant offices. Inquiries may be directed to those authorities. Bennett Library Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC,Canada Last revision: Summer2007 ABSTRACT This project is a comparative case study ofCanadian university internationalisation analysing selected activities ofparticipants to determine which offour rationales ­ political, economic, academic, and social/cultural - are used to pursue internationalisation and whether consistency exists across provincial systems. Participants include provincial governments ofNova Scotia, Ontario, British Columbia, and a university within each, Dalhousie University, Wilfred Laurier University, and Simon Fraser University respectively. The Federal Government, Non-Governmental, and Intergovernmental Organisations activities are also reviewed for activities in internationalisation. Provincially, rationales are determined by organisational structure, key policies, funding, and programmes including recruitment and exchange initiatives. University rationales are assessed through organisational structure, policy and activities supporting student recruitment, curriculum, programming, and research. Results demonstrate varying provincial and university internationalisation rationales yet indicate a correlation in rationales between provinces and their universities. A model of government and university interactions is developed to conceptualise implications ofgovernment initiatives on university internationalisation. iii DEDICATION To my parents, whose support in countless ways has made this work possible, and to Eugenie, whose guidance has made it the best it could be. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the faculty, staff and students of the Faculty of Education at Simon Fraser University for sharing their enthusiasm and dedication to the field of education. Thank you Dr. E. Samier for being a source of immeasurable support and guidance, and providing me with experiences and advice I shall draw upon for many years to come. To Dr. N. Angerilli and Dr. A. MacKinnon lowe many thanks for sharing their perspectives and enlarging my vision and understanding. I would also like to thank Dr. P. Cappon whose passion for Canadian education and confidence in my abilities set me forth on this path. Special thanks to my parents, family, and friends whose encouragement has been a tremendous source of strength. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval " '" ., '" '" .ii Abstract. '" " '" " .iii Dedication .iv Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vi List of Tables xii List of Figures xiii List of Acronyms xiv Chapter 1: Introduction to Canadian Higher Education Internationalisation 1 1.1 Introduction " '" 1 1.2 Background 4 1.3 Purpose and Objectives 6 1.4 Conceptions and Definitions of Intemationalisation '" 11 1.5 Higher Education in Context. 14 1.6 Analytical Models of Intemationalisation 18 1.7 Approach 21 1.8 Methodology 25 Chapter 2: The Involvement of International Organisation, Canadian Federal Government, Non-Governmental and Inter-Governmental Organisations 31 vi 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 International Actors 33 2.3 The Government of Canada 38 2.3.1 The Department of Finance .41 2.3.2 Human Resources and Skills Development Canada .42 2.3.3 Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade .44 2.3.4 Citizenship and Immigration Canada .45 2.3.5 Canadian International Development Agency and Industry Canada .46 2.4 Non-Governmental Organisations 47 2.4.1 Association of Universities and Colleges Canada 48 2.4.2 The Canadian Bureau for International Education 50 2.4.3 Canadian Education Centre Network 51 2.5 Council of Ministers of Education, Canada and the Provinces 53 2.6 Interactions and Implications 56 Chapter 3: The Case of the Government of Nova Scotia and Dalhousie University 61 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 The Province of Nova Scotia 63 3.2.1 Structural Elements 63 3.2.2 Provincial Involvement 66 3.2.3 Department of Education 67 3.2.4 Activities 69 vii 3.2.5 Funding and Programming 70 3.2.6 Rationales 75 3.3 The University of Dalhousie 78 3.3.1 Policies '" 78 3.3.2 Structural Elements 79 3.3.3 International Recruitment. 80 3.3.4 Programmes and Curriculum 82 3.3.5 International Research 82 3.3.6 Rationales 83 3.4 Interactions and Implications 84 3.4.1 Leadership and Organisation 84 3.4.2 Interactions 87 3.4.3 Implications 88 3.4.4 Summary 90 Chapter 4: The Case of the Government of Ontario and Wilfred Laurier University 92 4.1 Introduction 92 4.2 The Province of Ontario 92 4.2.1 Structural Elements 94 4.2.2 Provincial Involvement. 95 4.2.3 The Ministry of Training, Colleges and Uni versities Activities 96 viii 4.2.4 Activities 99 4.2.5 Funding and Programming 102 4.2.6 Rationales 104 4.3 Wilfred Laurier University 107 4.3.1 Policies 108 4.3.2 Structural Elements 111 4.3.3 International Recruitment. 112 4.3.4 Programmes and Curriculum 114 4.3.5 International Research 115 4.3.6 Rationales 116 4.4 Interactions and Implications 117 4.4.1 Leadership and Organisation 117 4.4.2 Interactions 119 4.4.3 Implications 121 4.4.4 Summary 122 Chapter 5: The Case of the Government of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University 124 5.1 Introduction 124 5.2 The Province of British Columbia 125 5.2.1 Structural Elements 127 5.2.2 Provincial Involvement.. 128 5.2.3 The Ministry of Advanced Education Activities 130 IX 5.2.4 Activities 133 5.2.5 Funding and Programming 138 5.2.6 Rationales 141 5.3 Simon Fraser University 143 5.3.1 Policies 144 5.3.2 Structural Elements 150 5.3.3 International Recruitment. 154 5.3.4 Programmes and Curriculum 156 5.3.5 International Research 159 5.3.6 Rationales 160 5.4 Interactions and Implications 162 5.4.1 Leadership and Organisation 162 5.4.2 Interactions 166 5.4.3 Implications 167 5.4.4 Summary 169 Chapter 6: Interactions and Implications of Internationalisation Strategies and Rationales 170 6.1 Reflections.
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