Egg Development and Early Life History of Korean Endemic Species Korean Spotted Sleeper, Odontobutis Interrupta (Pisces: Odontobutidae)

Dev. Reprod. Vol. 18, No. 4, 259~266, December, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.12717/DR.2014.18.4.259 ISSN 1226-6752 (Print) ISSN 2287-7967 (Online) Egg Development and Early Life History of Korean Endemic Species Korean Spotted Sleeper, Odontobutis interrupta (Pisces: Odontobutidae) Jae-Min Park1, Kyeong-Ho Han1, Na-ri Kim1, Dong-Jae Yoo2, Seong-Min Yun3 and †Ji-Hyeong Han1 1Dept. of Aqualife Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea 2Gyeongsangbuk-Do Fisheries Resources Development Institute, Yeongdeok 766-852, Korea 3Gyeongsangbuk-Do Research Center for Freshwater Fishes, Uljin 767-873, Korea ABSTRACT : The egg development and early life history of Korean spotted sleeper, Odontobutis interrupta which is Korean endemic species from Sora-choen was investigated. The Korean spotted sleeper were caught at Sora-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo, from Korea at May in 2014. The fertilized eggs were 4.23 ± 0.05 mm in long diameter and had oil globules. Hatching time of the embryo began about 442 hr 14 min after fertilization under water temperature of 19.5oC. The newly hatched larvae were 4.27 ± 0.35 mm in total length and their anus were not yet opened. 3 days after hatching postlarvae was measured 6.20 ± 0.11 mm in total length. 10 days after hatching postlarvae was measured 6.69 ± 0.14 mm in total length. Key words : Early life history, Juvenile, Larvae, Odontobutis interrupta INTRODUCTION Odontobutidae, there are few investigations regarding early life history of Micropercops swinhonis and O. platycephala Odontobutis interrupta is one of freshwater fishes and (Choi & Jin, 1977; Kim & Kim, 1994; Kim & Kim, 1995; belongs to the Perciformes, Odontobutidae; globally, there Kim & Kim, 1996); in South Korea, multiple studies are 4 genera and 6 species reported whilst 2 genera and investigated the Odontobutidae in reference to their 4 species were found in Korea including O. interrupta, genetic distribution, comparisons of pigments constituents Micropercops swinhonis, O. platycephala, and O. obscura (Kim et al., 1998), reproductive steroids (Lee & Yang, of these, O. interrupta, a Korean native species, has been 1998) and changes in hormone levels (Lee, 1998) while known to inhabit in rivers that flow into the Yellow sea international studies have elucidated their spawning and the South sea of Korea (Kim et al., 2005). activities (Mashiko, 1976), distribution of Odontobutidae Studies regarding early life history of fishes have been fishes (Iwata et al., 1985), larval development of O. being widely utilized as important data 1) to investigate obscura (Iwata et al., 1988), genetic comparisons (Sakai et conservation of endangered species and their breeding al., 1993), genetic distribution patterns (Sakai et al., 1999), ecology, and 2) to understand biological features of species embryo development of O. hikimius (Doi & Aoyama, 2006), (Blaxter, 1974; Seo et al., 2006). Amongst four species of migration of 2 species of Eleotris (Meda & Tachihara, Manuscript received 17 November 2014, Received in revised form 24 November 2014, Accepted 26 November 2014 † Corresponding Author : Ji-Hyeong Han, Dept. of Aqualife Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea. Tel. : +82-61-659-7163, Fax : +82-61-685-9073, E-mail : [email protected] This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ⓒ Copyright an Official Journal of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology. All Rights Reserve. 259 J-M Park, K-H Han, N-r Kim, D-J Yoo, S-M Yun, J-H Han 2005), and larval development of Perccottus glenii (Vos- were removed. koboinikova & Pavlov, 2006). The Sora-creek, where Odontobutidae interrupta inhabit 2. Process of egg development at, is the second class of local river located in the middle of In order to monitor processes of egg development, a Yeosu peninsula, Korea. This creek has been being used total of 50 eggs were randomly retrieved and then placed for both water for living as well as agricultural water in a 500 mL glass beaker. A multi-purpose projector (Nikon however population of O. interrupta is being gradually JP V-12B, Japan) was utilized in order to measure yolk decreased due to influx of pesticides and sewage in busy absorption as well as sizes of eggs up to 0.01 mm. A farming seasons there by aggravating pollution (Lee et al., stereoscopic microscope (Nikon JP SMZ800, Japan) was 2004). In the present study, we investigated egg deve- used for observation and photography. lopment and early life history of O. interrupta hence providing basic data of taxonomic study. 3. Morphological development of larvae Upon hatched out, larvae were accommodated in a MATERIALS AND METHODS square glass chamber (50×20×15 cm) and raised in a pond culture system with gentle aeration. On day 6 of hatching, 1. Management of eggs larvae were fed with brackish water rotifers (Brachionus Eggs used in the present study were obtained from the rotundiformis; 10–15 rotifers per mL concentration) and 2–3 Sora-creek, located in Sora-myeon, Yeosu city, Jeollanam- artemia (nauplius of Artemia sp.) were mixed with rotifers st do, Korea from March 1 2014 through May 31 2014. All from day 8. For monitoring morphological development obtained eggs were naturally spawned under rocks in the processes, 10 hatched larvae were removed daily and then creek (Fig. 1). Upon collected, eggs were translocated and anesthetized using tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222, maintained into a square glass aquarium (50×20×15 cm) in Sandoz, USA) under anesthesia, yolk and parts of fish o the lab. The water temperature for rearing was 18.5–20.5 C body were observed and measured up to 0.01 mm with an o (mean 19.5 C) and the one third of water was changed aid of a multi-purpose projector as well as stereoscopic daily. The eggs were sterilized using formalin (100 ppm) microscope. Stages of morphological development were over 15 mins in order to eliminate parasites present on the defined as suggested in Rusell (1976). surface of eggs while perished eggs in their development Fig. 1. Map showing the studies sites of Korean spotted Fig. 2. The egg mass of Korean spotted sleeper, Odon- sleeper, Odontobutis interrupta. tobutis interrupta. 260 Dev. Reprod. Vol. 18, No. 4 December, 2014 Egg Development and Early Life History of Korean Endemic Species Korean Spotted Sleeper, Odontobutis interrupta (Pisces: Odontobutidae) RESULTS 7 mins from the 2 cell stage (Fig. 3E). After 24 hrs and 22 mins later, one third of yolk was covered to reach early 1. Spawning ground and allomothering gastrula stage (Fig. 3F). The embryo was formed after 53 The most common place for spawning of O. interrupta hrs and 5 mins after the 2 cell stage (Fig. 3G) whilst the was found to be in middle of rocky creek where gravel and Kuffer’s vesicles were formed on tails after 58 hrs and 5 sand were laid on the bottom with gentle current. The mins (Fig. 3H). spawning period was from late March through May while Optic vesicles were formed after 63 hrs 32 min and the water level was in between 50–100 cm during this Kuffer’s vesicles were disappeared. In this, 2 myotomes o period the water temperature was ranging from 14.5–18.5 C were found as well (Fig. 3I). After 76 hr and 31 min, a o (mean water temperature: 16.0 C). Eggs were placed on total of 9 myotomes formed (Fig. 3J), and the caudal part the bottom of rocks (30×100 cm) forming a layer and male was separated from the yolk after 93 hrs and 3 mins from fishes were protecting eggs against other fishes. These the 2 cell stage. In this time, the numbers of myotomes male fishes were providing oxygen using pectoral and were found to be 22 (Fig. 3K). After 109 hrs and 23 min caudal fins and eggs perished or stopped developing were from the 2 cell stage, eye lenses were developed, brain was removed with the mouth. formed, and myotomes were increased up to 31. The heart beat was shown with a rate of 50–56 per minute (Fig. 3L). 2. Morphology of eggs After 166 hrs and 23 min, melanophores were precipitated Oval shaped eggs were sticky der mesal, and the long and prototype of pectoral fins were formed; in addition axis diameter and short axis diameter were 4.15–4.27 mm membranous f caudal fins were also found (Fig. 3M). (mean 4.23 ± 0.05 mm) and 1.65–1.85 mm (mean 1.72 ± Blood from the heart flowed along the yolk to the basal 0.10 mm), respectively. The size and numbers of oil part of caudal fin after 263 hrs and 3 mins from the 2 cell droplets were ranging 0.05–0.13 mm (mean 0.08 ± 0.03 stage. mm) and 235–248 eggs, respectively. It was observed that The caudal fin was differentiated into the fan-shape (Fig. the bottom of eggs was fixed with sticky filaments and 3N). After 319 hr and 3 min from the 2 cell stage, the lower separating lines of eggs were found per degree of deve- jar started developing to open mouth while crystalline lopment on the same spawning spot; there were approxi- lenses were formed on eyes melanophores were precipitated mately 810–828 eggs per each egg line (Fig. 2). with a shape of tree branch were precipitated on the basal parts of head and caudal fin (Fig. 3O). 3. Development processes of eggs Subsequently, further melanophores were precipitated The eggs reached to the 2 cell stage (Fig.

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