MELANCHOLY GRACE JEAN RONDEAU GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI (1583–1643) Toccata Settima 1 the Second Book of Toccatas, Canzoni Etc

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MELANCHOLY GRACE JEAN RONDEAU GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI (1583–1643) Toccata Settima 1 the Second Book of Toccatas, Canzoni Etc MELANCHOLY GRACE JEAN RONDEAU GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI (1583–1643) Toccata Settima 1 The second book of Toccatas, Canzoni etc. (1637) - 05:04 MELANCHOLY GRACE LAURENCINIUS DI ROMA (c.1567–c.1625) Fantaisie de Mr. de Lorency 2 JEAN RONDEAU Manuscrit Bauyn (c.1660) - 03:23 LUIGI ROSSI (c.1597–1653) Passacaille Del Seigr. Louigi 3 Manuscrit Bauyn (c.1660) - 02:15 GREGORIO STROZZI (1615–1687) Toccata quarta per l’elevatione 4 Capricci da sonare Cembali, et organi (Naples, 1687) - 05:54 JAN PIETERSZOON SWEELINCK (1562–1621) Fantasia cromatica - 09:27 5 GIOVANNI PICCHI (c.1571–1643) Ballo alla Polacha con il suo Saltarello 6 Intavolatura di Balli d’Arpicordo (Venice, 1618) - 02:28 JOHN BULL (c.1562–1628) 7 Melancholy Pavan - 06:42 8 Melancholy Galliard - 03:07 9 ANON. attrib. HEINRICH SCHEIDEMANN (1595–1663) Pavana Lachrymae WV 106 after Lachrymae - 06:09 GIOVANNI PICCHI Ballo alla Polacha (alt. I) 10 Intavolatura di Balli d’Arpicordo (Venice, 1618) - 00:49 LUZZASCO LUZZASCHI (1545–1607) Toccata del IV tuono 11 “Toccata per Organo” in Il Transilvano (Venice: Alessandro Vincenti, 1625) - 02:52 BERNARDO STORACE (c.1637–c.1707) Recercar di Legature 12 Selva di varie compositioni d’intavolatura per cimbalo ed organo (Venezia, 1664) - 05:02 GIROLAMO FRESCOBALDI Toccata Quarta - 05:48 13 Toccata Prima - 06:32 14 Toccate d’intavolatura di cimbalo et organo, Partite […] Libro P.° (Rome: Nicolo Borbone, 1637) GIOVANNI PICCHI Ballo alla Polacha (alt. II) 15 Intavolatura di Balli d’Arpicordo (Venice, 1618) - 00:53 16 ANTONIO VALENTE (?1520–after 1580) after Philippe de Monte Sortemeplus, con alcuni fioretti (Sortez mes pleurs) Intavolatura de Cimbalo (Naples, 1578) - 03:19 17 ORLANDO GIBBONS (1583–1625) after Lachrymae Pavana No. CCXCII in Fitzwilliam Virginal Book - 03:30 18 JOHN DOWLAND (1562–1626) Lachrimae verae No. 7 in Lachrimae, or Seaven Teares (London: John Windet, 1604) - 05:24 harpsichord polygonal virginal (arpicordo) Philippe Humeau, Barbaste, 2007 ?Francesco Poggi, Florence, c.1575 Pour François et Mireille Badoud MELANCHOLY GRACE En 1596, John Dowland sème un air, ou plutôt le cultive, en rendant célèbre une chanson qui aura un impact considérable en Angleterre sur toute la période musicale foisonnante de la fin du règne d’Elizabeth I et de l’ère post- élisabéthaine. Cet hymne se transposera aussi avec force dans l’espace européen, notamment en Flandres et en Allemagne avec des compositeurs tels que Sweelinck ou Scheidemann et il continuera d’influencer la création moderne, comme le reflète Britten plus de trois siècles plus tard dans sa « Réflexion sur un chant de John Dowland ». Cet air, c’est un blason, une signature. Il s’intitule « Flow My Tears ». C’est le Lacrhimae. Une forme musicale reprise, ré-écrite, improvisée, une mélodie qui s’ancre dans le collectif créatif et n’en sort pas, demeure et se répète, se chante intérieurement comme une ritournelle puissante. Ce que la musique déploie, ce qu’elle tend et détend, la façon dont elle se joue de nous ou dont elle joue avec nous, au travers de cascades d’ambiguïtés, c’est par un enchainement de substituts à notre attente, comme de multiples surprises ou une Grande Surprise. Et pour se faire, le compositeur puis l’interprète, quand les deux ne se fondent pas l’un dans l’autre, préparent le terrain, en jouant avec nos pré-dispositions physiques, acoustiques. Dans une note jouée, dans un son défini en sa composante fondamentale et en ses composantes « harmoniques », s’établissent les partiels spécifiques du son, comme les multiples d’une fréquence donnée. Cet ensemble de notes plus ou moins perceptibles - ou même imperceptibles en fonction des instruments utilisés - d’ondes sonores, vient ce déployer dans un ordre que cette mathématique précise dans le temps. Cet ordre nous soumet à une attente et toute bifurcation ou tout nœud dans le tracé de cette ligne vient constamment tendre et détendre notre réception. C’est l’entrecroisement de diagonales venant perturber notre attente qui crée l’édifice musicale. Dans cette gymnastique des harmoniques, chaque (micro) événements musicales qui s’additionne dans le temps, et joue avec lui, est soit tension, perturbation soit détente, repos, mais aussi préparation ou amorce, le tout par jeu de résonances. Et chacun de ces événements entrent dans la danse avec son propre cortège d’harmoniques, son propre « potentiel de résonance ». Ce schéma simpliste et résumé tente de mettre en lumière les infinies possibilités dont la musique regorge et comment celle-ci nous fait littéralement vibrer. 4 Concentrons-nous sur les toutes premières notes de ce fameux Lachrimae. Mélodiquement, on les retrouvera facilement au travers de différentes œuvres composant ce programme, même légèrement modifiées ou transposées : les premières notes de la Pavane de Gibbons (piste 17), de celle de Scheidemann (piste 9), et même le thème à nu du Recercar de Storace (piste 12). Dans cette mélodie, dans l’agencement de ces quelques notes, dans leurs retours et croisements, disons (en simplifiant) que la troisième est la perturbation la plus significative de ce petit système. De même, sur le plan des harmoniques et dans leur ordre d’arrivée, ce qu’on appelle le 5ème harmonique, la « tierce » qui se met à exister, sonne la première perturbation la plus marquée, à savoir celle qui « s’éloigne » le plus de la fondamentale, comme le prouverait rétroactivement son écart immense en tempérament égal avec l’harmonique naturel. C’est elle qui crée ce substitut à notre attente de manière très prononcée. En musique européenne, c’est elle qui nous invite à ressentir les dits majeur ou mineur, et qui, de toute évidence, « colorise ». « And when the admiring circle mark The paleness of thy face, A half-formed tear, a transient spark Of melancholy grace, Again thou’lt smile, and blushing shun Some coxcomb’s raillery; Nor own for once thou thought’st on one, Who ever thinks on thee. » 5 Supposons, en reprenant ces quelques vers extraits de Stanzas Composed During A Thunderstorm de Lord Byron, que ce « temps » qui joue ces premières notes puis cette troisième, cette tierce, serait le temps qu’une larme prend à se former, se gorger... puis choir. Une combinaison d’intervalles, dont une sixte (ou treizième) qui chante, sur-chante la musique, comme une mathématique pouvant exister sous différentes élasticités, qui créé une infinité de tensions émotionnelles possibles mais avec un mouvement, une direction, un sens qui se répète, qui se ritournellise : les premières notes de la variation n°25 des « Goldberg » de Bach, celles non moins déchirantes du prélude de « Tristan et Isolde » de Wagner, celles de Sit Down Stand Up chez Radiohead ou encore celles de My Way (dont je privilégierais la saisissante mélancolie de la version de Nina Simone) - on notera que ces quelques exemples parmi tant d’autres ont tous un lien plus ou moins étroit avec un chant, caractérisé ici par cette sixte, une poignante voix mélancolique. Ces notes qui empruntent à une même couleur n’ont pourtant ni l’époque ni le style en commun, ni grand-chose d’autre d’ailleurs, mais évoquent pourtant toutes un univers, une familiarité, un collectif. Surpuissance d’un début de mélodie ! Une question me vient : l’auteur en est-il conscient, réalise-t-il profondément ce qu’il fait ? Une autre pourrait davantage nous intéresser : même sans savoir, le compositeur ne l’aurait-il pas fait quand même ? Autrement dit : la musique ne dépasse-t-elle pas le savoir ? Dépassé par la musique ou plus précisément par toute une histoire, une pluralité d’évènement « culturels », par le polissage d’une courbure musicale comme un galet sur la grève, qui invite à la répétition perpétuelle d’un mouvement en jouant avec sa singularité. Chaque découverte analytique dans la musique semble générer une multitude de nouveaux questionnements comme si la musique nous dictait son essence : « sachez ne pas me savoir » ! Pour atteindre à l’essence de la musique, le musicien va devoir accueillir cette injonction avec autant de bienveillance que de volonté (même si l’inverse n’est pas faux pour autant). Nous pouvons entendre comme une vocation du musicien le vers d’Angelus Silesius, dans son Voyageur chérubinique de 1657 : « La rose est sans pourquoi ». 6 C’est là que nous retrouvons ces musiciens du passé, en l’occurrence dans cet album ceux des 16ème et 17ème siècles (nous parlons de plus d’un siècle de musique et non de quelques années seulement). Au travers du matériel musical, ils nous permettent, dans un dialogue filtré par le temps, poli par la persévérance d’une œuvre dans l’histoire, de toucher à ce que convoque, rassemble la musique. C’est ainsi qu’une communauté se créée entre compositeurs et interprètes du passé et du présent. Dans quelle mesure un fragment musical traduirait un affect qui serait voué à se répéter au sein de cette communauté ? Comment l’affect mélancolique par exemple peut-il demeurer présent au sein d’une portion de musique donnée ? Cet affect ou ce chant se répétant, pouvant donc se métamorphoser ou plutôt se masquer derrière la reprise ou le rondeau, pouvant aller jusqu’au rite, au culte ou à l’écho, cette ritournelle soulevant indéniablement la question du temps, du temps battu, peut-il déclencher une approche musicale de l’habitat et du territoire ? Une danse des espaces qui sonnerait le tocsin de la déterritorialisation1 ? Si on accepte de penser le territoire - ou habitus, habitude, habitat, habitation - comme affect, ce fragment qui revient, comment permettrait-il d’habiter la mélancolie ? Comme si un son, sédimentarisé par le temps musical, nous faisait traverser les terres de l’inaudibles. À l’instar de Mahler qui nous fait entendre le chant de la Terre, un son peut nous faire traverser le territoire de la mélancolie.
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