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Railroadc Lassi.Fication Yard Technology Manual

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Railroadc Lassi.Fication Yard Technology Manual 'PB82126806 1111111111111111111111111111111 u.s. Department of Transportation RailroadC lassi.fication Federal Railroad Administration Yard Technology Manual Office of Research and Development Volume II: Yard Computer Washington, D.C. 20590 Systems . " FRA/ORD-81/20.11 Neal P. Savage Document is available to August 1981 Paul L. Tuan the U.S. public through Final Report Linda C. Gill the National Technical Hazel T. Ellis Information Service, Peter J. Wong Springfield, Virginia 22161 ------, • R£PROOUC£D BY i I, NATIONAL TECHNICAL ! I INFORMATION SERVICE 1 : u.s. D£PAIITM£HT OF COMM£RC£ ISPRIIIGfIUD. VA 22161 . -'-' ~-..:...--.----.~ ------- NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of informa· tion exchange. The United States Govern­ ment assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Technical Report Doculllentatlon Pale 3. R.clplent·. Catalog No. FRA/ORD-8l/20.II 5. Repor' O.te August 1981 Railroad Classification Yard Technology Hanual-­ Volume II: Yard Computer Systems 1--::--_~:-:-_________________________-18. Perfor",!ng O'gonilOtion Rep.r, No. 7. Author'.) N. P. Savage, P. L. Tuan, L. C. Gill, SRI Project 6364 H. T. Ellis, P. J. Wong 9. Pe,fo""lng O,,,.,llolion Nome and Addre .. 10. Work Unit No .. (TRAIS) SRI International * 333 kavenswood Avenue 11. C.ntract or Gr.nt No. Henle Park, CA 94025 DOT-TSC-1337 13. Type.f Report .nd Peri.d Co"e,ed ~------------------~--------------------------~12. Spon.o,'ng Agency Name .nd Addre .. Department of Transportation Final Report Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research and Development 400 7th Street, SW., Washington. D.C. 20590 15. Supplement.,y Note. U.S. Department of Transportation Transportation Systems Center *Under contract to: Kendall Square / Cambridge MA 02142 This volume {Volume II) of the Railroad Classification Yard Technology Manual documents the railroad classification yard computer systems methodology. The subjects covered are: functional description of process control and inventory computer systems, development of computer system requirements, economic analysis, and computer systems acquisition, installation, and management. Volume I concerns the physical design of railroad classification yards. ~ - "­ (FRA/ORD-81/20.1) 17. I<ey Wo,d. 18. DI.trll!ullon St.,_en, Railroad yard: computers, process, Available through: control, inventory systems, design National Technical Information Service operations, hardware, cost 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 19. Security CI ...,f. (.f th,. report) 20. S.cu,'ty CI ...,f. (of thl. p ...l 21. No. of POle. 22. P,'ce Unclassified unclassified 1.~(P Fonn DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of complet.d pal. authorized METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS 9 23 Approximate Conversions to Metric Measures Approximate Conversions from Metric Measures -- 22 ..... ; ~ Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol 21 " 8 ~ 20 LENGTH;. LENGTH - 19 mm millimeters 0.04 InchM in em centimeters 0.4 inches in in inches ~.6 centimeters em 7 18 m meter. 3.3 taat ft ft teet 30 centimeters cm =-- m meters 1.1 yerds yd yd yards 0.9 maters m - 17 km kilometers 0.6 milM mi mi miles 1.6 kilometer. km - 16 AREA AREA 6 - 16 em2 square centimeters 0.16 square inches in2 in2 squere inches 6.6 square centimeters crn2 m2 square meters 1.2 squere yards yd2 ft2 square teat 0.09 square meters rn2 _ krn2 squere kilometers 0.4 squere mile. mi2 yd2 squere yards 0.8 squara meters rn2 14 ha hectare. (10,000 rn21 2.5 acres mi2 square miles 2.6 square kilometers km2 acres 0.4 hectares ha 6 - 13 ~: MASS (weight) MASS (weight) - 12 --- g grams 0.036 ounces oz oz ounces 28 grams g - 11 . Ib d 045 k'l k kg kilograms 2.2 pounds Ib POhun s 0'9 lograms g tonnas(1000kgl 1.1 short tons s ort tons . tonnes 4 - 10 (2000 Ib) VOLUME = 9 VOLUME tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml 8 ml milliliters 0.03 fluid ounces fI oz Tbsp tablespoons 16 milliliters ml 3 I liters 2.1 pints pt fl oz fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml _ 7 I litars 1.06 quarts qt c cups 0.24 liters I liters 0.26 ganons gal pt pints 0.47 liters _ m3 cubic meters 36 cubic feat ft3 qt quarts 0.95 liters 6 m1 cubic meters 1.3 cubic yerds Vd1 gal gallons 3.8 liters I tt3 cUb:c fcot 0.03 cubic meters m3 2 - 5 TEMPERATURE (exact) yd1 cubiC vards 0.76 cubic meters m3 TEMPERATURE (exact) - 4 0C Celsius 9/5 (than Fahrenheit OF temperatura add 321 temperature OF Fahrenheit 5/9 (after Celsius 0C - 3 temperature subtracting temperature OF 32) - 2 OF 32 98.6 212 -40 0 140 80 ~ 120 160 2001 ·1 In. ~ 2.64 c,...:;(;x;Ctlyl. For other exact conv... lon •• nd mora detail tab'e,,,. - I I ~ ,I II I I I I ,I I, I, I II I I I II I, I II ' NBS Misc. Pub •. 286. Unite of Walght and MeaauraL Prlca$2.25 SO Catalog -40 -20 20 40 60 80 100 No. C13 10286. inches - cm °C 0 37 °C PREFACE This work was performed by members of the Transportation Operations and Information Systems Center of SR! International for the Department of Transportation's Transportation System Center (TSC), Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. John Hopkins of the TSC was technical monitor of the project (under Contract DOT-TSC-l337). The effort was sponsored by the Office of Freight and Passenger Systems, Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), as part of a program managed by Mr. William F. Cracker, Jr. The research was performed under the supervision of Dr. Peter J. Wong, Director, Transportation Operations Research Department. Mr. Neal P. Savage'was the project leader. Dr. Paul L. Tuan provided expertise in the areas of process control systems, computer configuration designs, and management structure considerations. Ms. Linda C. Gill and Ms. Hazel Ellis provided technical assistance in the collection, analysis, and synthesis of computer systems literature on process control systems and computer systems acquisition and implementation. Appreciation is expressed to the following for their cooperation and inputs: Mr. John McGinley (Potomac Yard, RF&P), Messrs. Dean Johnson and John Clendenon (Southern Pacific), Don Hatcher and Jack Lewis (Union Pacific), Phil Seifert (Missouri Pacific), and Larry Trenga and Thomas Levine (Westinghouse Air Brake Company). r - --...._~ / --I' i iii CONTENTS PREFACE • l.l.l. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS • Vl.l. LIST OF EXHIBITS l.X LIST OF TABLES Xl. 1 INTRODUCTION • 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of this Manual 1 1.3 Focus on Yard Inventory and Process Control • 1 1.4 Case Study 2 1.5 Organization of the Manual 2 2 COMPUTER PRIMER 3 2.1 Overview 3 2.2 Major Types of Digital Computers 4 2.3 Hardware 5 2.4 Software 10 2.5 Network Organization 15 3 OPERATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE YARD INVENTORY SYSTEM 19 3.1 Railroad Operational Description 19 3.2 Computer Functions 29 4 OPERATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM • 43 4.1 Railroad Operational Description 43 4.2 Computer Software Functional Description 46 4.3 Level of Automation • 55 5 SYSTEM DESIGN 57 5.1 Survey Phase 58 5.2 Analysis Phase 59 5.3 Software Design Phase • 82 5.4 Hardware Study 84 I Preceding page brank ! v '--------------=-=.J 6 ACQUISITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS 93 6.1 Procurement Process • • • • • • • .'. • • •• 93 6.2 Software Development and Testing • • • • •• • • 95 6.3' Development of Acceptance Test Plan, Specification:s~ Procedures, and Test Data. • ••••••• 95 6.4 System Documentation • • . • •• • 95 6.5' User Training • • • • • • • • • ~ 96 6.6 Site Preparation • • • • • 96 6.7 System Conversion . ' . 97 6.8 Acceptance Test and System Installation • ~ • ~ ~ •• 97' 7 OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS . '. 99 7.1 Computer Personnel Orga~ization • • • • • •• 99·, 7.2 Recruitment and Training of Professionals • • . • • 100 7.3 Operat~ng Procedu~es • • • •• • •••••••••• 101 7.4' System Maintenance • • • • •• •• • • • ~ • • • 101 7.5 Method of Day-to-Day Monitoring and Control ••• 101 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 103 APPENDICES A CLASSIFICATION YARDS AND THEIR OPERATIONS . ,. , A-l B CURRENT COMPUTER INSTALLATIONS SURVEY . • ~. • . _.. B-1 vi ILLUSTRATIONS 2-1 Functional Hardware Units • • • • • • • • • • • • . 4 2-2 Memory Price and Access Time Comparison • • • • • • .• • • 6 2-3 Configuration of Hot-Standby Dual-Processor System 9 3-1 Yard MIS Functions • • •••. ' • • • • • • • • • • • 30 3-2 Three Inventory File Structures • • • • • • • • • . 36 4-1 Classification Yard Process Control Software System 47 • 4-2 Example of a Distributed Retarder Control System j 54 5-1 System Design Cycle •• • •• 57 5-2 Implementation Cycle • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 59 5-3 Sample Critical Path Diagram. • ••• 60 5-4 Structured Analysis Steps • • • • •••••• 61 5-5 Flow Diagram of Waybill Procedures from Case Study Yard ••• 61 5-6 Sample Matrix of Functions and Quantifiers for Structured Analysis •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 62 5-7 Current Computer Programs at Case Study Yard • • • • • • 62 5-8 Flowchart of Future Clerical Operations at Case Study Yard • • 64 5-9 Yard Inventory Subsystem at Case Study Yarq • • • • • • 66 5-10 New Management Information System Programs at Case Study Yard ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 67 5-11 System Interfaces ••••••••••••••••• 68 5-12 Sample Hardware Configuration from Case Study Yard • 69 5-13 Sample Data Flow Diagram of Current Operations from Case Study Yard ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 69 ·5-14 Sample Data
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