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158 Parasite Fauna of Fish in Büyükçekmece Dam Lake 1 Erzincan Üniversitesi Erzincan University Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Journal of Science and Technology 2018,11(2), 158-167 2018, 11(2), 158-167 ISSN: 1307-9085, e-ISSN: 2149-4584 DOI: 10.18185/erzifbed.410806 Parasite Fauna of Fish in Büyükçekmece Dam Lake Remziye Eda YARDIMCI*1, Çiğdem ÜRKÜ1, Cumhur Haldun YARDIMCI2 1Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey 2Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Marine and Freshwater Resources Management, Istanbul, Turkey Geliş / Received: 29/03/2018, Kabul / Accepted: 28/06/2018 Abstract Büyükçekmece Dam Lake, located in the Marmara Region, is the third largest water resource of the six main reservoirs of Istanbul. It is used as a safe drinking water source. In this study, the parasitic fauna of the freshwater fish species in Büyükçekmece Dam Lake was investigated during the period of September 2012- May 2013. Gill nets were used for the collection of fish specimens from the lake. The fish specimens were transported to the laboratory in fiberglass tanks and they were kept alive until parasitological examination. During the dissection, the body cavity, all internal organs, the gills, the eyes, the skin, and the fins were examined. A total of 273 fish specimens belonging to nine fish species were examined and 11 parasite species were found in infested individuals. Ancylodiscoides vistulensis, Tetraonchus monenteron, Paradiplozoon homoion, Caryophyllaeus laticeps, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Raphidascaris acus and Eustrongylides excisus were identified to the species level. Trichodina spp., Dactylogyrus spp., Ergasilus spp. and Glochidia larvae were identified the genus level in infested individuals. Monogenea was determined as the most common parasite group. Eustrongylides excisus was also observed as the most prevalent parasite in as different fish species. Keywords: Büyükçekmece Dam Lake, Eustrongylides excisus, Monogenea, Parasitic fauna Büyükçekmece Baraj Gölü Balıklarının Parazit Faunası Öz Marmara Bölgesi'nde bulunan Büyükçekmece Baraj Gölü, İstanbul'un altı ana rezervuarının üçüncü en büyük su kaynağıdır. Güvenli bir içme suyu kaynağı olarak kullanılır. Bu çalışmada Eylül 2012-Mayıs 2013 döneminde Büyükçekmece Baraj Gölü tatlı su balık türlerinin parazit faunası araştırılmıştır. Gölden balık numunelerinin toplanması için solungaç ağları kullanılmıştır. Balık örnekleri fiberglas tanklarda laboratuvara taşınmış ve parazitolojik inceleme yapılıncaya kadar canlı tutulmuştur. Diseksiyon sırasında vücut boşluğu, tüm iç organlar, solungaçlar, gözler, deri ve yüzgeçler incelenmiştir. Dokuz balık türüne ait olan toplam 273 balık örneği incelenmiş ve enfeste bireylerde 11 parazit türü bulunmuştur. Ancylodiscoides vistulensis, Tetraonchus monenteron, Paradiplozoon homoion, Caryophyllaeus laticeps, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Raphidascaris acus and Eustrongylides excisus tür seviyesinde teşhis edilmiştir. Enfeste bireylerde Trichodina spp., Dactylogyrus spp., Ergasilus spp. ve Glochidia larvası cins seviyesinde teşhis edilmiştir. Monogenea en yaygın parazit grup olarak tespit edilmiştir. Eustrongylides excisus ise farklı balık türlerinde en yaygın parazit olarak gözlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Büyükçekmece Baraj Gölü, Eustrongylides excisus, Monogenea, Parazit faunası 1. Introduction drinking water resource. Various studies Büyükçekmece Watershed, located in have been carried out on water pollution Çatalca district, west of Istanbul is a harbour (Temel and Yardımcı, 2000; Guyer and in the Marmara Region, Turkey. It is used as İlhan, 2011), distributions of phytoplankton, a freshwater reservoir. The lake is the third zooplankton (Temel, 1996; Temel and largest water resource among the six main Yardımcı, 2000, Güleçal and Temel, 2014) reservoirs in Istanbul, providing 17% of the and the benthic organisms (Külköyoğlu et al., water demand of the city, and used a safe 1995; Altuğ and Koşal, 2007), fish fauna and *Correspondence to: [email protected] 158 Parasite Fauna of Fish in Büyükçekmece Dam Lake their biology (Balık, 1985; Meriç, 1992; agents of fish and their resistance to pollution Özuluğ, 1999) in Büyükçekmece Dam Lake. stress that affects other gill parasites is high In these studies the water quality of the lake (Öztürk et al., 2000; Kayış et al., 2009; was referred as second class according to the Akmirza and Yardımcı, 2014). In addition to Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation these, digeneans, cestodes, nematodes, (TWPCR) and the trend shows tendency acanthocephalans, leeches and parasitic towards the third class. According to Guyer crustaceans have also been observed in and İlhan (2011), agricultural areas Turkey. Although a large number of studies impressed pollution of the lake. have been carried out on the parasitic fauna It is generally accepted that the parasite fauna of freshwater fishes at Marmara Region of an aquatic ecosystem is determined by the (Öztürk and Altunel, 2001; Soylu, 2005; interaction of various biotic and a biotic Karatoy and Soylu, 2006; Aydoğdu and factors. Fish parasites are adapted to the Server 2006; Öztürk, 2011; Çolak, 2013; specific conditions of both their aquatic Akmirza and Yardımcı, 2014), there has been environment and their hosts (Pietrock et al., only one study so far, on the fish parasites in 2001). Parasites can be good indicators of Büyükçekmece Dam Lake which mainly environmental quality status and changes can focused on only one species of fish and one be observed in parasite communities. species of parasite (Saç et al., 2015). For this However, according to our current reason, we can say that the results of the knowledge, it is possible that this might not study do not represent the exact parasitic be relevant with specific causal factors or fauna of fish species in this reservoir. In this environmental changes. Fish parasites have study, we determined the parasitic fauna of also been used in some studies as indicators fish species in the lake. The purposes of this of pollution in aquatic habitats. Characteristic study are both determination of the parasite differences have been revealed in fauna of fish and contribute to biological ectoparasite and endoparasite populations diversity at the same time. inhabiting lakes which harbour different trophic levels (Galli et al., 2001). Especially 2. Material and Method ectoparasite density increased proportionally Büyükçekmece Dam Lake is a lagoon lake with the eutrophication level while located in the mouth of Karasu Stream endoparasites were restricted to unpolluted draining the Sea of Marmara (Figure 1). The lakes (Galli et al., 2001). Due to the obvious sea connection of the lake was blocked by a fact that fish parasites and parasites generally dam constructed by ISKI in 1988. have a considerable effect on the ecosystem Büyükçekmece Dam Lake fed by streams in the last couple of decades, we believe the and has approximately an area of 12 km2 parasitic fauna of the fish should be studied. with shallow waters and the deepest point is In Turkey, almost all identified protozoan about 5-6 m. fish parasites were external parasites, except The fish specimens were collected from for Hexamita salmonis (Öğüt and Akyol, Büyükçekmece Dam Lake (41°,2',2.8824'' N, 2005; Timur et al., 2009). The majority of 28°,35',24.0072'' E) between September 2012 these protozoan parasites in freshwater were and May 2013 by gill nets and a total of 273 ciliates (Kayış et al., 2009; Özer and Erdem, fish specimens were examined. Fish 1999; Özer et al., 2010, Öğüt and Altuntaş, specimens were identified according to 20011). So many metazoan fish parasites Geldiay and Balık (1999) and Özuluğ (1999). were also described in Turkey. The majority Four European catfish (Silurus glanis), eight of metazoan parasites in freshwater fish pike (Esox lucius), fifty six European chubs consist of Monogenean. Monogeneans are (Leuciscus cephalus), seven rudd (Scardinus among the most commonly reported parasitic 159 Parasite Fauna of Fish in Büyükçekmece Dam Lake erythrophthalmus), one hundred five roach dominant fish species in the lake despite (Rutilus rutilus), thirteen vimba (Vimba predators like pike, and also other cyprinids vimba), thirty two Prussian carp (Carassius such as common carp, rudd (Saç and gibelio), seventeen common carp (Cyprinus Okgerman, 2015). Although 23 fish species carpio) and thirty one perch (Perca have been identified in the Büyükçekmece fluviatilis) were transported into the Dam Lake by Özuluğ (1999), nine fish laboratory in aerated tanks and they were species were caught by gill nets and kept alive until the parasitological examined for parasitic fauna during one year examination. period in this study. We think that the main During the dissection, the body cavity, all reason of decline of the population may be internal organs, the gills, the eyes (lens and poaching and pollution in this area. vitreous humour), the skin, and the fins were A total of 273 fish specimens were examined checked. For the identification of parasites, between September 2012 and May 2013. We we used light or dissecting microscopes and found one protozoan, four monogenean, two took photographs. Isolated parasites were cestode, two nematode, one arthropod and examined alive or fixed and preserved one mollusc species in infested fish. Parasitic according to Bylund et al., (1980). We species, host species, mean intensity and followed the identification protocols used by prevalence values for each parasite species Dawes (1968),
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