Historical Background of the Trust
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TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 16.1 The Wetlands Diversity Editors Angela Curtean-Bănăduc & Doru Bănăduc Sibiu - Romania 2014 TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 16.1 The Wetlands Diversity Editors Angela Curtean-Bănăduc & Doru Bănăduc “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment Protection Published based mainly on some of the scientific materials presented at the fourth “Aquatic Biodiversity International Conference” - Sibiu/Romania 2013 East and South “Lucian Blaga” International Ecotur Sibiu European network for University Association N.G.O. Invasive Alien Species of Sibiu for Danube Research Sibiu - Romania 2014 Scientifical Reviewers John Robert AKEROYD Sherkin Island Marine Station, Sherkin Island - Ireland. Doru BĂNĂDUC “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu - Romania. Jürg BLOESCH International Association for Danube Research, Dübendorf - Switzerland. Swaranjit Singh CAMEOTRA Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarht - India. Kevin CIANFAGLIONE University of Camerino, Camerino - Italy. Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu - Romania. Jenny DAY University of Cape Town, Rhodes Gift, Western Cape - South Africa. Laurisse FRAMPTON Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland - Australia. Marian-Traian GOMOIU Romanian Academy, Bucharest - Romania. Georg Albert JANAUER University of Vienna, Vienna - Austria. Mike JOY Te Kura Matauranga o nga Taonga a Papatuanuku Massey University, Palmerston North - New Zealand. Maria LEICHTFRIED Institute for Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mondsee - Austria. Mirjana LENHARDT Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade - Serbia. Eugenia LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, México D. F. - México. Weronika MAŚLANKO University of Life Science of Lublin, Lublin - Poland. Eckbert SCHNEIDER Institute for Waters and River Basin Management, Karlsruhe University, Rastatt - Germay. Teodora TRICHKOVA Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia - Bulgaria. Editorial Assistants Christelle BENDER Poitiers University, Poitiers - France. Cristina BRUMAR “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu - Romania. Rebecca CLEMOW Montana University, Missula - United States of America. Olivia HOZA Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Bucharest - Romania. Harald KUTZENBERGER International Association for Danube Research, Wilhering - Austria. Marie-Eve LASSEUR Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon - France. Peter MANKO Presov University, Presov - Slowakia. Hildegard MEYER World Wide Fund, Viena - Austria. Ana MILSTEIN Dor M. P. Hof Ha Carmel Fish and Aquaculture Research Station, Hof HaCarmel - Israel. Pablo del MONTE Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN, La Paz - México. Nathaniel PAGE Agricultural Development and Environmental Protection in Transylvania Foundation, East Knoyle - United Kingdom. Bohdan PROTS World Wide Fund, Lviv - Ukraine. Erika SCHNEIDER-BINDER Institute for Waters and River Basin Management, Karlsruhe University, Rastatt - Germay. Corina SIMIAN University of Chicago, Illinois - United States of America. Simona STAN Montana University, Missula - United States of America. Lucia URSU “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Sibiu - Romania. Austin WALKER Montana University, Missula - United States of America. IN MEMORIAM Roger Bacon (1214-1294) Roger Bacon was one of the first medieval philosophers to champion experimental science. The details of his life are uncertain and he has become something of a legend, but his lifelong search for truth should be an example and inspiration to scientists today. He was born, probably in 1214, into a wealthy family in the ancient town of Ilchester in the county of Somerset in S.W. England. This was an unstable and often violent age - Roger Bacon himself wrote of how “justice perishes, all peace is broken” - and his family lost property and royal influence in the civil war between Henry III and Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, now regarded as a father of parliamentary democracy. This was also a time of greatly expanding knowledge. The 12th-13th centuries, the age of Dante, Giotto, St. Francis and St. Thomas Aquinas, saw the flowering of the High Middle Ages, with the growth of universities in Italy, Spain, France and England, the increased use of practical agricultural innovations such as improved crop rotation and the windmill, and much building of great cathedrals in western Europe. Roger Bacon studied at the University of Oxford, by then well established, remaining there to lecture to students on Aristotle. By the 1240s he was lecturing at the University of Paris, the very hub of European intellectual life. Roger Bacon was one of several philosophers, including the great Aristotelian scholar Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), with whom he worked in Paris, who would gradually explore what today we would recognize as science. In 1256, when he was apparently no longer holding an academic post, Roger Bacon joined the Franciscan Order of friars, which greatly curtailed his studies, as friars, although living among the ordinary people and not enclosed in monasteries as were the orders of monks, were prohibited from publishing books without approval from the Order. However, Roger Bacon enjoyed the patronage of Cardinal Guy le Gros de Foulques, who became Pope Clement IV. In 1266 this Pope requested that Roger Bacon write an account of the place of philosophy within theology, and he gathered together a body of his work as Opus Maius, effectively an encyclopedia of known science. The section on Optics, a particular interest of Roger Bacon, is a wide-ranging scientific account of the subject, influenced by Arab texts. Roger Bacon wanted science, and languages (he was concerned that too few scholars read Greek), to be an integral part of the philosophy and theology curriculum that dominated university studies. Above all, he strove to promote the work of Aristotle in medieval scholarship. Roger Bacon has been credited with being a modern scientist and visionary in an age of superstition and the Church’s intolerance of learning. The truth is much more complex, for he was loyal to the Franciscans and there is no reason to suppose he intended other than to improve the intellectual standing of medieval philosophy and lessen the hold of superstition. He was scrupulous in going back to the original Greek texts of Aristotle, who himself had an impressive knowledge of biology and other subjects. He greatly admired Aristotle’s Secretum Secretorum, which had been translated by Arab scholars, and even produced an edition with his own introduction and notes, after his return to Oxford during the late 1270s or early 1280s. Roger Bacon also wrote on mathematics, astronomy (including the need to reform the Calendar), medicine and alchemy, famously describing and experimenting with samples of gunpowder, which he may have received via a Franciscan embassy to the Mongol khan. A true scientist, he always championed experimental verification over an uncritical appeal to published authority. He died in Oxford, probably in 1294. Later generations called him Doctor Mirabilis. The Editors Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16.1 The Wetlands Diversity 2014 CONTENTS Preface; The Editors # BIOCOENOSIS Revision of Parasitic Helminths Reported in Freshwater Fish from Turkey with New Records; Ahmet ÖKTENER ................................................................................... 1. Species composition of the benthic macroinvertebrates on the coastline vegetated rocky substrates of the southern Caspian Sea; Amir Faraz GHASEMI ........................................................................... 57. Molecular methods for detection of natural hybrids in sturgeon population; Alexandru BURCEA, Iulia Elena FLORESCU, Andreea DUDU, Sergiu Emil GEORGESCU and Marieta COSTACHE .................................................... 65. The assessment of community interest fish species from protected area ROSCI0229; Luiza FLOREA, Sorin Dorin STRĂTILĂ and Mioara COSTACHE ....... 73. The effect of seasonal changes on freshwater fish assemblages and environmental factors in Bukit Merah Reservoir (Malaysia); Zakeyuddin MOHD SHAFIQ, Md Sah AMIR SHAH RUDDIN, Hazrin Hashim ZARUL, Puteh KHALED, Mohammad SYAIFUL and Wan Omar WAN MAZNAH .......................................................................................................................... 97. Structure of birds communities from Cefa Nature Park; Milca PETROVICI and Attila NAGY ..................................................... 109. # ECOSYSTEMS Diversity of aquatic ecosystems in urban areas - public expectations; Joanna SENDER and Weronika MAŚLANKO ....................................... 125. # HUMAN IMPACT The nightmare: genetically modified organisms as alien species; Meliha Merve HIZ and Cüneyt AKI ....................................................... 135. Effects of river regulation on plant dispersal and vegetation; Oksana OMELCHUK and Bohdan PROTS ........................................... 145. # PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION Implementation of a sustainable logistic system model for the communal waste collection in the municipality of Bitola (Macedonia); Ivo DUKOSKI and Nikolche TALEVSKI ................................................ 155. The four leaf water clover (Marsilea quadrifolia L.) an endangered species. Aspects of conservation and management;