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Том 7. Вып. 1 Vol. 7. No. 1 РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК Южный Научный Центр RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Southern Scientific Centre CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULLETIN Том 7. Вып. 1 Vol. 7. No. 1 Ростов-на-Дону 2011 Кавказский энтомол. бюллетень 7(1): 69−77 © CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULL. 2011 Материалы к изучению фауны булавоусых чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Мегринского региона Армении Contibution to the fauna of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Meghri region of Armenia К.А. Агабабян, Г.Г. Ханамирян K. Aghababyan, G. Khanamiryan Центр по окружающей среде им. Акопяна, Американский Университет Армении, пр. Баграмяна, 40, Ереван 0019 Армения Acopian Center for the Environment, American University of Armenia, Baghramian 40, Yerevan 0019 Armenia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Ключевые слова: булавоусые чешуекрылые, Rhopalocera, фауна, Армения, Мегринский район. Key words: butterflies, Rhopalocera, fauna, Armenia, Meghri region. Резюме. Статья посвящена обобщению данных изученности отдельных крупных таксонов. Так, явно по фауне булавоусых чешуекрылых крайнего юга недостаточно изучена фауна дневных (булавоусых) Армении (Мегринского региона), которые собирались чешуекрылых (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) – одной из на протяжении 15 лет (1996–2010). Зарегистрировано наиболее ярких и заметных групп насекомых, имеющей 153 вида, относящихся к 7 семействам, из них 6 также существенное природоохранное значение. видов являются новыми для фауны Армении и 39 Хотя сбор материалов по бабочкам Армении – новыми для фауны региона. Занимая всего 2% осуществлялся регулярно, начиная, по крайней мере, от территории республики, регион включает 66% с конца 19 – начала 20 столетия (так, в середине фауны дневных бабочек Армении. Видовое богатство 20 века довольно обширный материал был собран обусловлено географическим расположением района М.А. Рябовым), публикации по фауне страны крайне и разнообразием биотопов, что в свою очередь немногочисленны. Имеется единственная обобщающая, обусловлено горным рельефом и большим высотным но явно неполная работа Вардикян [1959]; отрывочные интервалом. Из отмеченных видов 9 включены в Красную сведения по редким бабочкам Армении опубликованы Книгу животных Республики Армения. Выявление тем же автором [Вардикян, 1976], а также Мирзояном и ареалов бабочек поможет в выделении ключевых зон др. [1982]. Единичные работы по отдельным аспектам организованного в 2009 году Национального парка лепидоптерофауны Армении опубликованы в последние “Аревик”, необходимых для охраны как зоологических, годы [Emmel et al., 1996; Dantchenko, 2000; Данченко, так и ботанических объектов. Лухтанов, 2004]. Довольно многочисленные сведения Abstract. The paper is generalizing the data on the по бабочкам Армении приведены в обобщающих fauna of butterflies of the southernmost region of Armeni работах по фауне Кавказа [Некрутенко, 1990] и стран (Meghri region). The data have been collected during 15 СНГ [Tuzov et al., 1997, 2000]. Однако во всех этих years (1996–2010). In result of the work, the 153 species работах данные по фауне собственно Мегринского were recorded. The species belong to 7 families, 6 species региона отрывочные, и сведения по видовому составу, are new for Armenia and 39 are new for the region. The географическому и биотопическому распределению, region includes 66% of the Armenian butterfly fauna, being особенностям экологии и биологии распространенных only 2% of the territory of Armenia. The species diversity здесь дневных бабочек остаются неполными. is determined by the geographic position of the region and Между тем, указанные сведения приобретают diversity of habitats. The later, in its turn is determined особую актуальность, в частности, в связи с организацией by mountainous relief and large difference in elevations. в регионе в 2009 году крупного Национального парка Among the recorded species, 9 species are included in “Аревик”. Задачи зонирования территории парка, Red Book of animals of Republic of Armenia. Since the организации охраны представленных в нем экосистем “Arevik” National Park started its activities in the region, и дальнейшего мониторинга их состояния требуют the determination of the buttefly distribution will help to привлечения максимально широкого круга данных по conduct zoning of the National Park, which is important различным группам животных и растений. Одной из not only for protection of zoological, but also botanical перспективных групп животных, изучение которых objects. может внести существенный вклад в указанные работы Национального Парка – чешуекрылые, в частности – Введение дневные бабочки. В связи с изложенным, нами на протяжении ряда Мегринский регион является одним из наиболее лет проводятся исследования дневных чешуекрылых богатых в фаунистическом отношении районов региона, которые продолжаются вплоть до настоящего Армении. Однако фауна беспозвоночных региона, как времени. и их фауна для Армении в целом, изучена недостаточно Данная работа является результатом обобщения и неравномерно, имеется в виду, в частности, степень всех доступных материалов по дневным бабочкам 70 К.А. Агабабян, Г.Г. Ханамирян Мегринского региона; наряду с данными собственных В приводимом ниже списке булавоусых наблюдений учтены также материалы коллекций чешуекрылых Мегринского региона Армении порядок Института Зоологии Научного центра зоологии расположения материала и названия таксонов бабочек и гидроэкологии НАН РА, а также сведения из приводятся согласно работе Тузова и др. [Tuzov et al., литературных источников, цитированных выше. 1997, 2000]. Описание района исследований. Мегринский * отмечены виды, впервые указанные для региона. регион расположен в крайней юго-восточной части ** отмечены виды, впервые указанные для Республики Армения и представляет собой территорию, Армении. очерченную естественными барьерами (рис.1). С севера и запада регион ограничен водоразделами Мегринского Семейство Hesperiidae и Зангезурского хребтов, с юга – пограничной с Ираном Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) рекой Аракс. Максимальныe высоты на Мегринском хребте достигают 3256 м, на Зангезурском хребте – Агарак, Мегри, Карчеван, Курис, Гудемнис, Вагравар, 3574 м н.у.м. Оба хребта крутые, со средней крутизной Легваз, Варданидзор, Лишкваз, Ванк, Личк, Таштун, Алдара, склонов около 30º. Минимальная высота находится на Шванидзор, Гюморац, Нювади. Лёт с апреля по август, в две берегу реки Аракс и составляет 375 м н.у.м. генерации. Главной водной артерией региона, впадающей в пограничную реку Аракс, является река Мегри *Erynnis marloyi (Boisduval, [1834]) с ее притоками. Кроме того, в районе имеется ряд Мегри, Алдара и Шванидзор. Лёт с апреля по август в две небольших, в основном, пересыхающих водотоков, генерации. которые спускаются с Мегринского хребта, расчленяя макросклон на множество коротких меридиональных Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780]) гребней (Color plate 5: рис. 1). Значительный перепад высот и расчлененность Агарак, Мегри, Карчеван, Курис, Гудемнис, Вагравар, рельефа создают большое разнообразие природно- Легваз, Варданидзор, Ванк, Личк, Алдара, Шванидзор, климатических условий, что, в свою очередь, Гюморац, Нювади. Лёт с апреля по август в две генерации. формирует широкий диапозон экосистем. В регионе выделяются следующие основные типы местообитаний Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, [1783]) [Магакьян, 1941; Даль, 1954; Тахтаджян, 1941; Сагателян, 1983; Van Swaay et al., 2006): полупустыня, Курис, Гудемнис, Вагравар, Легваз, Лишкваз, Ванк, Личк, редколесье, широколиственный лес, горная степь, луг, Гюморац. Лёт в мае – июне. альпийское низкотравье, скалы и осыпи, околоводные Spialia orbifer (Hübner, [1823]) местообитания, сады. При этом в пределах одного типа местообитаний часто наблюдается пестрота Курис, Гудемнис, Лишкваз, Гюморац. Лёт с мая по август почвенного и, соответственно, растительного в две генерации. покрова. Так, Агаракский участок полупустыни на высоте около 800 м покрыт суглинистыми почвами, *Pyrgus melotis (Duponchel, [1834]) обеспечивающими высокое разнообразие бобовых и других локальных эндемиков (Color plate 5: рис. Мегри. Лёт с апреля по июль в две генерации. 2), тогда как полупустыня в окрестностях Мегри приблизительно на тех же высотах представлена сильно Pyrgus sidae (Esper, [1784]) каменистыми каштановыми почвами и растительными группировками с преобладанием полыни Artemisia Курис, Гудемнис, Вагравар, Легваз, Варданидзор, fragrans Willd (Color plate 5: рис. 3) [Сагателян, 1983; Лишкваз, Ванк, Личк, Таштун, Гюморац. Лёт с июня по июль. Клопотовский, 1947]. Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, 1839) Материал и методы Курис, Гудемнис, Легваз, Варданидзор, Лишкваз, Ванк, Материалом для настоящей работы послужили Личк, Таштун, Гюморац. Лёт с июня по июль. более чем 14000 регистраций дневных бабочек. Pyrgus armoricanus (Oberthür, 1910) Полевые наблюдения осуществлялись в период с 1996 по 2010 год авторами, основные данные собирались с Калер, Личк, Таштун. Лёт – июль. марта по август, отдельные наблюдения проводились также в конце зимы и в начале осени. Бабочки Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, [1803]) регистрировались почти на всей территории региона и во всех вышеперечисленных типах местообитаний Калер, Личк, Таштун. Лёт – июль. (рис. 1). Все места сборов были картированы с использованием GPS. *Pyrgus jupei (Alberti, 1967) Большинство бабочек определялось на месте по внешним морфологическим признакам. Трудно Oз. Капуйтлич. Лёт с июля по август. идентифицируемые виды собирались для последующего определения в лабораторных условиях. Собранные *Eogenes alcides (Herrich-Schäffer, [1852]) данные заносились
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