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Kinikmi Sigum Qanuq Ilitaavut = Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary

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Kinikmi Sigum Qanuq Ilitaavut = Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary Kirjikmi Si gum Qanuq llitaavut Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary Iqqaluagigut Agiyagaq (1945—2010) We Cherish the Memory of Herbert Anungazuk (1945- ■2010) •J. tuagikuq The village of Wales, Alaska, as seen from the land-fast ice, tuaq on February 9, 2007. Small pressure ridges, iunilaurat are built on the flat surface of the land-fast ice (tuagikuq) closer to the beach. Photo, Winton Weyapuk, Jr. Kinikmi Sigum Qanuq llitaavut Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary Winton Weyapuk, Jr. and Igor Krupnik, compilers Advisers: Pete Sereadlook, Faye Ongtowasruk, and Lawrence Kaplan Editors: Igor Krupnik, Herbert Anungazuk. and Matthew Druckenmiller International Polar Year National Park Service Native Village of Wales Arctic Studies Center 2007-2008 Shared Beringian Heritage Program Wales, Alaska Smithsonian Institution © 2012 by the Arctic Studies Center Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-9673429-3-1 This book may be cited as: Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary/Kir)ikmi Sigum Qanuq llitaavut. 2012. Winton Weyapuk, Jr. and Igor Krupnik, compilers. Igor Krupnik, Herbert Anungazuk, and Matthew Druckenmiller, editors. Washington, DC: Arctic Studies Center. Smithsonian Institution. 112 pp. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials This project was supported by a grant from the Shared Beringian Heritage Program National Park Service, Alaska Office Volume design: Igor Krupnik and Winton Weyapuk, Jr. Production editor: Allison Maslow This book has been produced for the ‘SIKU - Sea Ice Knowledge and Use’ Project (IPY #166), a part of The International Polar Year 2007-2008 sponsored by The International Council for Science (ICSU) and The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Front cover: Ice-covered Bering Strait off the Village of Wales, Alaska, February 2007. Photo, Winton Weyapuk, Jr. Back cover: Land-fast ice (tuaq) solidifies off the beaches of Wales on January 4, 2007. Photo, Winton Weyapuk, Jr. Table of Contents Inupiaq Summary - Winton Weyapuk, Jr. 6 Contributors • 7 Qanuq llitaavut: How We Learned What We Know - Winton Wggapuk, Jr. 10 Acknowledgments/Quyaaniuqtaavut 11 How This Book Originated - Igor Krupnik 12 1. Alphabetical List of Kiqikmiut Sea Ice Terms - Winton Weyapuk, Jr., Herbert Anungazuk, 15 Pete Sereadlook, and Faye Ongtowasruk 2. Explanations of Major Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Terms - Winton Weyapuk, Jr. 23 3. Kiqikmi Sigum Taiyutait: Wales Sea Ice Terms by Major Groups - Winton Weyapuk, Jr. and Igor Krupnik 27 4. Illustrated List of Wales Sea Ice Terms 38 Ugiaksrami qigitman - Fall Freeze-up 39 Siguliaq - Young Ice 42 Tuaq - Shore-fast ice 43 lungit - Pressure ridges 46 Uingit - Open leads 50 Sigu - Pack ice 54 Puktaat - Ice floes, floating ice 58 Nuyagnaatuat - Dangerous spots 62 Uvingaksrami auktaaqman - Spring break-up 64 Other terms 68 Alfred Bailey in Wales, Spring 1922 - Igor Krupnik 77 Ice Seasons at Wales, 2006-2007- Hajo Eicken, Igor Krupnik, Winton Weyapuk, Jr., and Matthew Druckenmiller 97 llisimaksravut: What We Must Know - Herbert Anungazuk 101 Wales Inupiaq Terms for Sea Ice - Matthew Druckenmiller 105 Learning About Sea Ice and Its Use from the Kirjikmiut - Hajo Eicken and Igor Krupnik 107 Readings \\2 5 Inupiaq Summary Una irruiqtuaq amafhaatuaniq suaqtauqaatuq suli malgugnik ugiunik sawaaksramik qaniqutigai Kigikmi taapkua IRA Council-lauruat. piqunisuagaat. Kigikmi, atiqatualu Wales, Alaska-mik, tallimakiviat Utuktaaq/Winton Weyapuk, Kigikmiu umialiuruaq suli qaniguuruaq inuinaq qaagivlu taiyuutait aglagsimaaqtut sigumun atanunlu Kigik- Kigikmiutun, siufiupkai katithat Kigikmiutun taiyutait sigunmun, miutun Inupiuraagnamik. Ugiut 2007-2008 suwaitut, taamna aglagai utuqanaat ilisimakaagit sigunmun, aasi suli tallimakiviat qa- suwaalautauraq SIKU-mik atiqaatuaq (SIKU - Sea Ice Knowledge agivtui agliusritaaqtuq Kigikmi asruani. Igor sawaitaliqtuq iluqnaita and Use). Nanigligaan nunamin ilisghaatuat suwaitkaat tallimanin ilaurautlu agalatauruat aulaatiqtimatig. Qatiqsrugai iluqnaita ilita- nunaaqitnin aasi inuinaq qaanitlu inuit nunaaqitigiitnin Alaska-mi, agitlu, aglaksimaaqtuatlu suli agliusritat aasi naguatun iliptui tarruga Canada-mi, Greenland-mi, suli Chukotka-mi, Russia-mi. Una ‘taiyutait’-nun. naituaq siufiq quliagaa qanuq Kigikmiut sigutkun taiyuutait pifiuqsi- Agiyagaq/Herbert Anungazuk Kigikmi Kigikmiu, inuit inuulhat maaqtuaq aasi qanuq atugnaatuaq Kigikmiunun uvlumini. ilisauti National Park Service-mi Anchorage-mi una suwaaksramun Isimautaa aglaguplui Kigikmiutat taiyuutait sigutmun maliguagaa igayutalliqtuq. Malguuk utuqanaat Kigikmi Suggina/Pete Sereadlook- suwaksraq Sivugaami, Alaska-mi. Ugiutni 2000-2002 Yupit aguni- lu, suli Ikkana/Faye Ongtowasruk-lu ilausugait suwaituat. Hajo aqtitlu, utuqanaatlu Siugaami (Gambell) aasi Sivugami (Savoonga) Eicken-lu, Matthew Druckenmiller-lu Geophysical Institute-mi aglagukfui ilisimaafhat sigumun aasi silamun atausigun ilipfu qiniq- University of Alaska Fairbanks-mi suwaitut nunaaqitigiitlu uur- tuamun Siugaamiutunlu Naluagmiutunlu. Igor Krupnik Smithsonian rapfui sigum siliktilaaga aasi iglitifhaaga. Taamna SIKU suwaaksraq Institute-min siupmiutigaa sawaaksraq Siugaami. Taimana ittuamik atausisrimaaqtuq ‘Shared Beringia Heritage’ suwaaksrami. SIKU ataani nunaaqigitni ‘taiyutait’ sigunmun aglaksimaakaniktut Qigiqtamilu (Shishmaref) suli Utqiagvigmilu (Barrow), Sirinikimi aasi Ualigmi (Uelen) Chukotkami, Igluulikmi, Cape Dorset-mi aasi Pang- niqtuugmi (Pangnirtung) Canadami. Ukpiigugut magua Kigikmiutun taiyutait sigunmun, agliusritatlu sigut qanuqligaa ittuat, aasi suli Inupiaqtun quliaqtautit suli Naluagmiutun mumiksrait katitaavut uani irruiqtuani igayutauliuqtuq nutaagatnun aguniaguuruatnun, taima Kigikmiut ilisimagaagit agautiuqtuq aflat inuuliuqtuat siupmi. By Utuktaaq Winton Weyapuk, Jr. Map of the project activities in 2006-2009 in the Bering Strait region showing Wales and other local communities in Alaska and Siberia that participated in the sea ice observation and knowledge documentation efforts. 6 Contributors Winton Utuktaaq Weyapuk, Jr. was born in Wales Faye Ikkana Ongtowasruk was born in Wales in in 1950. He has been a subsistence hunter since he 1928. She and her family own and operate a rein¬ was a young boy and he is now a whaling captain deer herd, which they have managed for over 50 and the Chair of the Wales Whaling Captains Asso¬ years. Faye has a lifetime’s worth of experience of ciation. He received a BA in Rural Development with sewing clothing and boots for her family and pro¬ an emphasis in Land Use Planning in 1986 and a cessing and preparing harvested foods. She has BA in Inupiaq Eskimo language from the University taught Inupiaq language and Eskimo dancing at of Alaska Fairbanks in 1987. He currently serves the local school and she serves on the Kawerak on the Wales Native Corporation, Board of Directors Elders Advisoiy Council and the Seward Peninsula and on the Native Village of Wales, IRA Council. Reindeer Herders Association. Igor Krupnik (born 1951) is ethnology curator at Herbert Agiyagaq Anungazuk (1945-2010) was the Arctic Studies Center of the National Museum of born in Wales in 1945. He left Wales to attend Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in Wash¬ Mt. Edgecumbe High School and trade school at ington, DC. For over thirty years, he has studied Haskell, Kansas, following a stint in the Army which cultural heritage, impacts of climate change, and included a year with the infantry in Vietnam. He ecological knowledge of the Arctic people. He served lived in Wales as a subsistence hunter and boat on the Joint Committee for International Polar Year captain until 1982. He was employed by the Depart¬ 2007-2008. ment of the Interior, National Park Service, Alaskan Hajo Eicken (born 1965) studies growth, evolution, Office, in Anchorage as a cultural anthropologist. and properties of sea ice at the Geophysical Insti¬ Pete Suggina Sereadlook was born in Wales in tute, University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). Before 1930. He has lived in Wales all his life. He is an ac¬ joining UAF, he led the sea-ice and remote-sensing complished ivory carver, subsistence hunter and group at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and fisher, a member of the Kingikmiut Dance Group, Marine Research in Germany. At UAF, he is working and also serves on the Wales IRA Council. He is to enhance exchange between scientists, Alaskan one of the Wales Elders who is fluent in Inupiaq communities, and the public at large. and who regularly carries on his conversations in Lawrence Kaplan (born 1950) is Director of the Inupiaq with fellow elders. Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Matthew Druckenmiller (born 1979) completed his Alaska Fairbanks and Professor of Linguistics. For doctoral thesis on coastal sea ice at the University the past thirty years he has studied the Alaskan of Alaska Fairbanks. Originally from Pennsylvania, Inupiaq language, working on dictionaries, oral he moved to Alaska in 2004. Since that time, he has history, place names, and vocabulary pertaining to worked on the land-fast ice off Barrow, Wales, and traditional indigenous knowledge, particularly of other Alaskan communities. the Bering Strait Inupiaq dialects. 7 Qanuq llitaavut: How We Learned What We Know Winton (Utuktaaq) Weyapuk, Jr. — When I began hunting with my Within the past two generations there have been dramatic father, my uncles,
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