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Late Triassic, US and CA) Based on Data from the Bristol Channel (UK) and North Germanic (DE) Basins

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Late Triassic, US and CA) Based on Data from the Bristol Channel (UK) and North Germanic (DE) Basins Falsification of Hypotheses of a Major Hiatus in the Newark Supergroup Rhaetian (Late Triassic, US AND CA) Based on Data From the Bristol Channel (UK) and North Germanic (DE) Basins Paul E. Olsen Dennis V. Kent September 26, 2016 GSA Annual Meeng in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016 Paper No. 137-3: Presentaon Time: 2:05 PM FALSIFICATION OF HYPOTHESES OF A MAJOR HIATUS IN THE NEWARK SUPERGROUP RHAETIAN (LATE TRIASSIC, US AND CA) BASED ON DATA FROM THE BRISTOL CHANNEL (UK) AND NORTH GERMANIC BASINS (DE) OLSEN, Paul E., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964-1000 and KENT, Dennis, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Wright-Rieman Labs, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, [email protected] x Ri basins of eastern North America and Morocco arguably preserve the temporally most ghtly constrained record of abrupt connental bioc change through the end-Triassic mass-exncon (ETE) based on astrochronology and U-Pb dates (1). However, two biostragraphic hypotheses have been proposed for these secons requiring a mul-million- year hiatus or unconformity spanning most of the Rheaan that we show here are falsified. Van Veen (2) hypothesized a hiatus based on European records where vesicate pollen (Panasporites-Enzonalasporites-Vallisporites complex) disappear in the early Rhaean while connuing up to the Newarkian ETE, and therefore implying the Newark succession is very condensed, consistent with a major hiatus. This is falsified by the presence of the vesicate forms in late Rhaean strata of the Bristol Channel Basin (3). This paern is more simply explained by a me-transgressive disappearance (in present geography) of the low-latude vesicate pollen group as central Pangae translated north (4) prior to their ETE exrpaon (5). Similarly, Kozur & Weems (6) hypothesized that the absence of several Germanic basin clam shrimp zones in the Newark Supergroup indicate a hiatus spanning most of the Rhaean. Their key observaons are, “…the upper Norian faunas were dominated by very large conchostracans, while the Rhaean (and Heangian) conchostracan faunas are everywhere composed of very small forms.” The lack of these zones and the presence of the large Shipingia just below the ETE in Newark Supergroup strata led to the hypothesis of a major hiatus. This hypothesis is falsified by our discovery of abundant large cf. S. olseniin late Rhaean, largely marine strata in the North Germanic Basin. Both hypotheses for a significant hiatus are thus falsified; moreover, no physical evidence for a significant hiatus at this crical level exists. There is instead compelling physical and magnetostragraphic evidence of completeness at the 20 kyr level (e.g., chron E23r). The most parsimonious interpretaon is that the Newarkian records through the ETE are connuous. 1, Blackburn+ 2013 Science 340:941; 2, Van Veen 1995 Tectonopysics 245:93; 3, Bonis+ 2010 JGS Lond 167:877; 4, Kent & Tauxe 2005 Science 307:240; 5, Olsen+2011 EESTRSE 101:201; 6, Kozur & Weems 2011 NMMNHS Bull 53:295. Pangea @ Newark 201.6 Ma Basin Newark Supergroup LI THOLOGI C LI THOLOGI C POLARI TY LI THOLOGI C COM POSI TE SECTI ON COM POSI TE BI OSTRATI GRAPY UNI TS SECTI ONS AND CORES COM POSI TE SECTI ON AGES & EPOCHS (DEPTHM) (TIMEMyr) (TIMEMyr) PALEOLATI TUDE Color (c) or Depth Rank (dr) Water depth Proxy Co l o r ( c : 1 - 3 ) o r McL 405 Kyr Sp o r o m o r p h HARTFORD NEWARK and Magnetic Polarity c Depth Rank (dr : 0- 5) Ma Cy cl e Cy c l e Ma Chr on LVA Zo ne Ma # # 0510152025°N 2600m c H27 CL A SSOPOL L I S H25 dr 2600 m TOROSUS CL A SSOPOL L I S MEYERIANIA H dr 0m 0m dr 0m M dr 0m 1200m W dr 0m 800m S dr 0m 900m R dr 0m 900m T E11 dr 100m 900m N 0m 1000m P 1100m Kent et al., 2016 2012 Olsen et al, 2002 Schaller et al, 2011 Blackburn et al, 2013 Olsen & Kent, 1999 LI THOLOGI C LI THOLOGI C POLARI TY LI THOLOGI C COM POSI TE SECTI ON COM POSI TE BI OSTRATI GRAPY UNI TS SECTI ONS AND CORES COM POSI TE SECTI ON COM POSI TE SECTI ON COM POSI TE AGES & EPOCHS (DEPTHM) (TIMEMyr) (TIMEMyr) PALEOLATI TUDE Color (c) or Depth Rank (dr) Water depth Proxy Color (c: 1- 3) or McL 405 Kyr Sporomorph HARTFORD NEWARK and Magnetic Polarity c Depth Rank (dr: 0- 5) Ma Cy cl e Cy c l e Ma Ch r o n LVA Zo ne Ma # # 0 5 10 15 20 25°N 2600m c H27 CLASSOPOLLIS H25 dr 2600 m TOROSUS CLASSOPOLLIS Supposed M EYERI ANI A H Hiatus of dr 3-4 Myr 0m 0m dr 0m M dr 0m 1200m W dr 0m 800m S dr 0m 900m R dr 0m 900m T E11 dr 100m 900m N 0m 1000m P 1100m Kent et al., 2016 Two hypotheses for a hiatus: 1) The presence of vessicate pollen and the absence of key European Rhaetian sporomorphs in the latter Triassic of Eastern North America and Morocco directly below strata dominated by Classopollis indicates a Norian age in contact with Jurassic strata and therefore therefore a multi- million year hiatus must be present (Van Veen, 1995 etc). 2) The presence of large spinocaudatans in the latter Triassic indicates a Norian age and their absence indicate a Rhaetian age. This along with the absence of two supposedly latest Norian and early Rhaetian zones that are present in western US and Europe indicates a major hiatus in the eastern US where these zones are absent (Kozur, Weems, Lucas, Tanner, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2015 etc.). Two hypotheses for a hiatus: 1)!The presence of vessicate pollen and the absence of key European Rhaetian sporomorphs in the latter Triassic of Eastern North America and Morocco directly below strata dominated by Classopollis indicates a Norian age in contact with Jurassic strata and therefore therefore a multi- million year hiatus must be present (Van Veen, 1995 etc). 2)!The presence of large spinocaudatans in the latter Triassic indicates a Norian age and their absence indicate a Rhaetian age. This along with the absence of two supposedly latest Norian and early Rhaetian zones that are present in western US and Europe indicates a major hiatus in the eastern US where these zones are absent (Kozur, Weems, Lucas, Tanner, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2015 etc.). Vessicate Pollen Patinasporites densus Enzonalasporites vigens Vallasporites ignacii Cirilli, 2010 EXETER SECTION MARTINSVILLE NO. 1 WOODLAND PARK 112 km (STOP 1.1) 44 km (STOP 1.7) 20 m ft m m 201.573±0.053 Ma 1120 340 0 0 10 1130 1140 11501150 350350 0 1010 10 ETE 1160 1170 1180 360 -10 20 20 1190 2000 -20 2010 370 30 0 100 30 fsssltmdcly -30 fsssltmdcly 40 -40 !"#$%&'(")"$*+#%$,'" md fss css fcg -50 clyslt mss grv mcg Pangea @ 201.6 Ma Bristol Channel Basin Vessicate taxa missing from European Rhaean Ladin. Carnian Norian Rhaetian Hett. late early late early late early Callialasporites dampieri Camerosporites secatus Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus Cerebropollenites thiergartii Classopollis meyerianus Classopollis murphyae Classopollis torosus Duplicisporites granulatus Enzonalasporites vigens Granuloperculatipollis rudis Heliosporites reissingeri "Lueckisporites" cf. L. singhii Lunatisporites rhaeticus Paracirculina quadruplicis Partitisporites novimundanus Patinasporites densus Pinuspollenites minimus Porcellispora longdonensis Pseudoenzonalasporites summus Retitriletes semimuris Rhaetipollis germanicus Ricciisporites tuberculatus Samaropollenites speciosus Trachysporites fuscus Tsugaepollenites pseudomassulae Cirilli, 2014 Vallasporites ignacii Triassic-Jurassic, Bristol Channel Basin, St, Audrie’s Bay, Somerset, UK Enzonalasporites vigens Bonis & Kürschner, 2010 Newark-Hartford APTS St. Audrie’s Bay H27 H26 H25 200 Ma H24 SA6n E24 20 Lilstock Fm ??SA5r Langport E23 Cotham 10 SA5n ? E22 Enzonalasporites 0 vigens @ SAB Williton Mbr E21 ? -10 205 LAD vessicate pollen SA4r Europe E20 -20 Van Veen, 1995 4.1n E19 -30 SA4n E18 -40 SA3r E17 -50 210 -60 SA3n E16 -70 SA2r -80 E15 SA2n -90 SA1r 215 E14 -100 Modified from Kent et al., 2016 Ladin. Carnian Norian Rhaetian Hett. late early late early late early Callialasporites dampieri Camerosporites secatus Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus Cerebropollenites thiergartii Classopollis meyerianus Classopollis murphyae Classopollis torosus Duplicisporites granulatus Enzonalasporites vigens Granuloperculatipollis rudis Heliosporites reissingeri "Lueckisporites" cf. L. singhii Lunatisporites rhaeticus Paracirculina quadruplicis Partitisporites novimundanus Patinasporites densus Pinuspollenites minimus Porcellispora longdonensis Pseudoenzonalasporites summus Retitriletes semimuris Rhaetipollis germanicus Ricciisporites tuberculatus Samaropollenites speciosus Trachysporites fuscus Tsugaepollenites pseudomassulae Cirilli, 2014 Vallasporites ignacii Rhaetipollis germanicus Bonis & Kürschner, 2010 “Typical Rhaean” taxa missing from Newark Supergroup Ladin. Carnian Norian Rhaetian Hett. late early late early late early Callialasporites dampieri Camerosporites secatus Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus Cerebropollenites thiergartii Classopollis meyerianus Classopollis murphyae Classopollis torosus Duplicisporites granulatus Enzonalasporites vigens Granuloperculatipollis rudis Heliosporites reissingeri "Lueckisporites" cf. L. singhii Lunatisporites rhaeticus Paracirculina quadruplicis Partitisporites novimundanus Patinasporites densus Pinuspollenites minimus Porcellispora longdonensis Pseudoenzonalasporites summus Retitriletes semimuris Rhaetipollis germanicus Ricciisporites tuberculatus Samaropollenites speciosus Trachysporites fuscus Tsugaepollenites pseudomassulae Cirilli, 2014 Vallasporites ignacii :%/2'</8$2"$4"B&2+%/<"C/23&/">$%+7?/%D":7%$*37"E/+&":%./''.#" A+F"G*D%.&H'"I/;J" I%.'+$<" B7/22&<" I/'.2" Kent et
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