DOCSLIB.ORG

MS1004-Caranton.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

56 Ornitología Colombiana No. 9 (2010): 56-70 A NEW SPECIES OF ANTPITTA (GRALLARIIDAE: GRALLARIA) FROM THE NORTHERN SECTOR OF THE WESTERN ANDES OF COLOMBIA Una especie nueva de tororoi (Grallariidae: Grallaria) del sector norte de la Cordillera Occidental de los Andes colombianos Diego Carantón-Ayala1 Fundacion ProAves, Cra. 20 # 36-61, Bogotá, Colombia. Grupo de Observadores de Aves del Tolima GOAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. [email protected] Katherine Certuche-Cubillos Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe the Urrao Antpitta (Grallariidae: Grallaria urraoensis), a new species of suboscine passerine endemic to high Andean forests below Páramo de Frontino, in the northern sector of the Western Andes of Colombia. The new species is similar to the Brown-banded Antpitta (Grallaria milleri) from the Central Andes, but differs from it vocally and in its slightly larger size, lack of pectoral band, duller brown-olive coloration in the upperparts, uniform light gray underparts, and whitish lores. The new species occurs in the undergrowth of primary and secondary cloud forests dominated by Chusquea bamboo at elevations between 2500-3200 m at the type locality. We present notes on the ecology, distribution, behavior, reproductive biology, vocalizations, and conservation of the new species. The montane forests in the northern sector of the Western Andes to which the Urrao Antpitta is endemic are threatened by deforestation, fragmentation, and mining. These factors, in combination with the restricted geographic and ecological distribution of the new species, make it an important priority for conservation action. Key words: Colombia, Grallaria urraoensis, high Andean forest, new species, Western Andes. RESUMEN Describimos al Tororoi de Urrao (Grallariidae: Grallaria urraoensis), una nueva especie de passeriforme suboscino endémica de los bosques altoandinos del Páramo de Frontino, sector norte de la Cordillera Occidental de los Andes de Colombia. La nueva especie es similar al Tororoi de Miller (Grallaria milleri) de la Cordillera Central, pero difiere de esta especie en sus vocalizaciones y por ser ligeramente más grande, sin banda pectoral, con coloración café-oliva más opaca por encima, gris claro uniforme en las partes inferiores y bridas blanquecinas. La nueva especie se encuentra en el sotobosque de bosques nublados primarios y secundarios dominado por bambúes del género Chusquea entre elevaciones de 2500 a 3200 m en la localidad tipo. Presentamos anotaciones sobre la ecología, distribución, comportamiento, reproducción, vocalizaciones y conservación de esta nueva especie. Los bosques de montaña del norte de la Cordillera Occidental donde se encuentra el Tororoi de Urrao están amenazados debido a deforestación, fragmentación y exploración minera. Estos factores, junto con la distribución geográfica y ecológica restringida de la nueva especie, hacen altamente prioritarios esfuerzos para su conservación. Palabras clave: Bosque altoandino, Colombia, Cordillera Occidental, Grallaria urraoensis, nueva especie. 1Present address: Grupo de Observadores de Aves del Tolima GOAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. Ornitología Colombiana No. 9 (2010) 57 INTRODUCTION the diversity and distributions of birds in the northern sector of the Western Andes (Cuervo et al. The antpittas (family Grallariidae) are terrestrial 2003, Krabbe et al. 2006, Pulgarín-R. & Múnera-P. Neotropical passerine birds of the dense understory 2006), ornithological explorations in the area of humid forests, scrublands, and alpine habitats remain sparse. More generally, the avifauna of this with scattered bushes in the high Andes. Because of cordillera as a whole remains insufficently their retiring habitats, antpittas are difficult to documented, as evidenced by several new records observe and collect, and information on most implying significant range extensions for multiple aspects of their biology is scarce (Krabbe & species (Cuervo et al. 2003), and especially by the Schulenberg 2003; Greeney et al. 2008). The group recent discovery of four species new to science reaches its highest diversity in the tropical Andes, (Salaman & Stiles 1996; Robbins & Stiles 1999; especially above 800 m, where many species have Salaman et al. 2003; Cortés-Diago et al. 2007) and restricted geographic distributions (Krabbe & the rediscovery of two more (Toro & Flórez 2001; Schulenberg 2003). Owing to habitat destruction Krabbe et al. 2005). Five species of birds are and to their small geographic ranges, several species endemic to this mountain range: Gorgeted Puffleg of antpittas are threatened with extinction (Renjifo (Eriocnemis isabellae), Colorful Puffleg (E. et al. 2002), although part of their apparent rarity mirabilis), Dusky Starfrontlet (Coeligena orina), might actually reflect insufficient information Munchique Wood-Wren (Henicorhina negreti), and regarding their distribution and ecology (Kattan & Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer (Diglossa Beltrán 1997; Krabbe & Coopmans 2000). With gloriossisima). All occur above 2200 m, exhibit increasing knowledge of the vocalizations of highly localized distributions, and are considered Neotropical birds, in combination with expeditions threatened with extinction (Salaman et al. 2002; to several previously unexplored sites over the past Toro 2002; Salaman et al. 2003; Krabbe et al. 2005; decades, a significant number of species of antpittas Cortés-Diago et al. 2007). have been recently described, especially in the genus Grallaria (Lowery & O'Neill 1969; A recent survey by an Evaluation of Biodiversity of Schulenberg & Williams 1982; Graves 1987; Stiles the Andes Expedition (EBA) team to the Páramo de 1992; Krabbe et al. 1999). In this paper, we Frontino (also known as Páramo del Sol or Páramo document the existence of yet another previously de Urrao) in Dept. Antioquia (Flórez et al. 2004) led unknown species in this genus from the Cordillera to the rediscovery of the Dusky Starfrontlet Occidental of the Colombian Andes. (Coeligena orina) and revealed the existence of populations of other rare and threatened bird species The Western Andes are, on average, the lowest of in this part of the northern Western Andes (Krabbe the three ranges of the Colombian Andes et al. 2005, 2006). Thus, with the goal of protecting (Hernández-Camacho 1992). Only seven peaks habitat for threatened species in the area, Fundación along the ca. 1200 km length of this range reach ProAves promoted the establishment of the Reserva sufficient elevations to support paramo habitats; Natural Colibrí del Sol in the municipality of Urrao, because the cordillera is much lower in many areas, Antioquia (Fundación ProAves 2009). these high-elevation habitats are highly isolated (Krabbe et al. 2006). The most extensive areas During regular monitoring activities conducted on covered by paramo vegetation occur in the northern 27 September 2007 at 2780 m elevation in a forest sector, in the departments of Chocó and Antioquia. near Páramo de Frontino, DCA captured an unsual These areas have received relatively little attention antpitta in the genus Grallaria that was examined, from ornithologists. In fact, most of the earlier measured, and released. This individual could not be expeditions to montane areas of the department of photographed, but it clearly did not match any of the Antioquia focused on the Central Andes (around species of antpitta known to occur in the area. A the city of Medellín), whereas studies in the second individual was captured, measured, exam- Western Andes concentrated on its southern sector ined, photographed, and released on 5 February (reviewed by Cuervo et al. 2003, 2008). Although 2008 within the same forest, some 400 m from the recent studies have increased our understanding of site of the first capture. On 20 February 2008, DCA 58 New species of Grallaria from Colombia Carantón-Ayala & Certuche-Cubillos set mist nets in the same forest in order to capture Diagnosis.- A medium-sized antpitta (ca. 57 g), the then mysterious Grallaria, but owing to heavy assigned to the genus Grallaria based on its typical rains was unable to operate them. However, when shape and proportions, strong bill markedly curved opening the nets on the morning of 21 February, a from the base, conspicuous rictal bristles, short and dead bird was found hanging from one of them; rounded wings, long tarsi, short tail, 2-notched apparently one of its feet got entangled after it sternum, distinctive tarsal scutellation, and perched on the closed net. Serendipitously, this terrestrial habits. It can be distinguished from other individual turned out to be an antpitta matching the species in the genus by its combination of two main ones observed and captured earlier at the site. DCA colors, brown-olive above and gray below. The new and KCC prepared the specimen and compared it species is similar to G. milleri, probably its closest with those of other species in the genus deposited in relative, but can be diagnosed based on the the ornithological collections of the Instituto de combination of (1) plumage characters: the new Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander species has a more olivaceous dorsum, a brownish- von Humboldt (IAvH), Instituto de Ciencias olive throat (whitish in G. milleri), and lacks a Naturales at Universidad Nacional de Colombia brown pectoral band and contrasting whitish (ICN-MHN), and Universidad
Recommended publications
  • Biogeographic Regions and Events of Isolation and Diversification of the Endemic Biota of the Tropical Andes

    Biogeographic Regions and Events of Isolation and Diversification of the Endemic Biota of the Tropical Andes

    Biogeographic regions and events of isolation and diversification of the endemic biota of the tropical Andes Nicolas A. Hazzia,b,1, Juan Sebastián Morenob, Carolina Ortiz-Movliavb,c, and Rubén Darío Palaciob,d aDepartment of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052; bFundación Ecotonos, Cali 76001000, Colombia; cFaculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; and dNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710 Edited by Nils Chr. Stenseth, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, and approved June 26, 2018 (received for review March 5, 2018) Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of biota in the Eguiarte (14) hypothesized that the advance of ice sheets and tropicalAndesisamajorchallenge, given the region’s topographic páramo ecosystems during glacial maxima could have contracted complexity and high beta diversity. We used a network approach to humid montane species into refugia. These ideas notwithstanding, find biogeographic regions (bioregions) based on high-resolution spe- currently there is general agreement on the historical geography of cies distribution models for 151 endemic bird taxa. Then, we used dated the Andes and the origin of its biota, but it is the spatial and molecular phylogenies of 14 genera to reconstruct the area history temporal evolution within the region that has remained less clear through a sequence of allopatric speciation processes. We identified (12, 15). This task can be approached with the identification of 15 biogeographical regions and found 26 events of isolation and diver- areas that are characterized by distinct assemblages of living species, sification within their boundaries that are independently confirmed i.e., biogeographical regions (16).
  • Bogota, the Magdalena Valley & Santa

    Bogota, the Magdalena Valley & Santa

    ® field guides BIRDING TOURS WORLDWIDE [email protected] • 800•728•4953 ITINERARY COLOMBIA: BOGOTA, THE MAGDALENA VALLEY & SANTA MARTA January 9-24, 2021 One of the range-restricted species we’ll seek on this tour is the Rusty-breasted Antpitta. These tiny ground-dwellers are found in the mountains of northern Colombia and Venezuela. We’ll look for this skulker in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Photograph by guide Jesse Fagan. We include here information for those interested in the 2021 Field Guides Colombia: Bogota, the Magdalena Valley & Santa Marta tour: ¾ a general introduction to the tour ¾ a description of the birding areas to be visited on the tour ¾ an abbreviated daily itinerary with some indication of the nature of each day’s birding outings These additional materials will be made available to those who register for the tour: ¾ an annotated list of the birds recorded on a previous year’s Field Guides trip to the area, with comments by guide(s) on notable species or sightings (may be downloaded from our web site) ¾ a detailed information bulletin with important logistical information and answers to questions regarding accommodations, air arrangements, clothing, currency, customs and immigration, documents, health precautions, and personal items ¾ a reference list ¾ a Field Guides checklist for preparing for and keeping track of the birds we see on the tour ¾ after the conclusion of the tour, a list of birds seen on the tour 1900+ species. Subtract the species recorded on that archipelago off Central America (San Andres, if you care), and Colombia is still ahead of Brazil and Peru, let alone our most popular South American destination, Ecuador, which is several hundred species behind.
  • First Report of the Nest and Young of the Variegated Antpitta (Grailaria

    First Report of the Nest and Young of the Variegated Antpitta (Grailaria

    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 499 SICK, H. 1985. Ornitologia Brasiliense, 2 ~01s. Editora Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. SKUTCH, A. F. 1954. Life histories of Central American birds. Pacific Coast Avifauna 3 1: l-448. EDWIN 0. WILLIS, Dept. Zoologia, Univ. Estadual Paulista, 13.500 Rio Clara, Sao’ Paulo, Brazil. Received13 Aug. 1986, acceptedI I Feb. 1987. Wilson Bull., 99(3), 1987, pp. 499-500 First report of the nest and young of the Variegated Antpitta (Grallaria varia).-While conducting a study on microhabitat use by birds, I found a nest with two young of the Variegated Antpitta (Grulluria varia) 80 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (225’ S,’ 595O’ W).’ I am unable to find any previously published description of the nest and young of this species. The nest was in upland forest about 25 m from an extensive area of 10-15- month-old second-growth, which had resulted from the clearing of the forest for cattle ranching. After the trees were cut, however, the area was abandoned. After the cutting, human activity had dropped to a minimum, except for an infrequently used trail that passed within 1 m of the nest. The nest was discovered 19 June 1984 by my field assistant, Jairo Miranda Lopes, on an upright <2-m rotting stump 40-50 cm in diameter. The nest, which was about 1.5 m above the ground, was a shallow cup 20 cm in diameter, lined with a thick mat of very small brown twigs and rootlets, and well concealed by a palm frond. The nest contained two young (eyes open, covered in black down, and spotted with brown juvenal feathers).
  • Giant Antpitta Grallaria Gigantea

    Giant Antpitta Grallaria Gigantea

    COTINGA 2 Giant Antpitta Giant Antpitta Grallaria gigantea N. Krabbe, G. DeSmet, P, Greenfield, M, Jácome, J. C. Matheus and F. Sornoza M. Introduction dawn, dusk, and during a rainy afternoon. One The Giant Antpitta inhabits the Andean slopes male was collected after being tape-recorded in Ecuador and southernmost Colombia. It (Krabbe). They were heard in a ravine, on the had only been found at a few sites where habi­ steep slopes that were covered with wet mossy tat destruction was known to be advanced, and forest, and were observed 1–3 m above the the latest verified record of the species dated ground in patches of mossy understorey, in­ from 1958. All three subspecies, namely cluding bamboo. The stomach contained an 6.5 gigantea, lehmanni and hylodroma were there­ cm long, strongly sclerotized, platyform, black- fore treated as globally threatened by Collar and-yellow-striped scarabaeid beetle larva. On et al.1, who published all available informa­ 3 December 1993 and 12 February 1994 tion on the species. Since then data on its song, Matheus observed a Giant Antpitta crossing habitat and diet have been obtained. The new a track at 1,320 m, 3.1 km south-east of Mindo records, all from Ecuador, are detailed below. (0°04'S 78°45'W), in the c.100 m wide plain of North-western slope of Volcán Pichincha Rio Mindo. Both slopes were covered by wet, (hylodroma): mossy forest, but the plain had only patches In early November 1991 Greenfield tape-re­ of secondary, though still somewhat moss-cov­ corded what he suspected to be Giant ered, vegetation.
  • Description of the Nest, Egg and Nestling of Watkins's Antpitta

    Description of the Nest, Egg and Nestling of Watkins's Antpitta

    Cotinga 21 Description of the nest, egg and nestling of Watkins’s Antpitta Grallaria watkinsi Paul R. Martin and Robert C. Dobbs Cotinga 21 (2004): 35–37 Describimos el nido, huevos y pichón de la Gralaria de Watkins Grallaria watkinsi en base a observaciones hechas cerca de Celica, Loja, Ecuador, a principios de marzo de 2000. El nido, único entre los previamente descriptos para gralarias, estaba localizado relativamente alto en un árbol, apoyado en ramas pequeñas, y estaba compuesto principalmente de palitos. El huevo era azul verdoso pálido y sin marcas, similar a los huevos conocidos de otras especies de Grallaria. Como ya fuera mencionado para otros pichones del género, la G. watkinsi de 1–2 días de edad tenía el pico, comisura e interior de la boca anaranjado brillantes, pero resultó única en tener también la cloaca de ese color. Watkins’s Antpitta Grallaria watkinsi is a poorly cup depth was 5 cm and the external nest height known species largely restricted to the Tumbesian (i.e. bottom of the nest proper to the rim of the cup) region of south-west Ecuador and north-west Peru8, was 10 cm, with an additional 7 cm of woody where it inhabits tropical deciduous forest at 600– material hanging below. 2,000 m1,6. Although G. watkinsi was formerly considered a subspecies of Chestnut-crowned Egg description Antpitta G. ruficapilla, the two are vocally distinct5,6 The unhatched egg measured 30.09 x 25.33 mm and largely segregated by habitat and elevation8. and had a short subelliptical shape. Its mass was G.
  • Some New Information on the Distribution of Venezuelan Birds

    Some New Information on the Distribution of Venezuelan Birds

    Some new information on the distribution of Venezuelan birds Peter Boesman Como resultado de la observación de aves en el campo durante los ultimos 10 años, se presenta un resumen de nuevos datos de distribución de aves en Venezuela. Los datos están organizados por area (20 en total), la mayoria de las areas son poco conocidas. Las observaciones de mayor importancia se detallan en ‘appendix 1’. En Falcón, la Serranía de San Luis tiene muchas más especies tipicas de las alturas sub-tropicales de la Cordillera de la Costa que previamente conocido, las serranias en el noreste de Falcón, de alturas bajas, tienen una avifauna abundante de especies de selva tropical, y areas de agua dulce en esta misma parte de Falcón y el norte de Carabobo son un refugio para muchas especies acuaticas poco conocidas. Los Andes en Lara y Trujillo no han sido estudiados tan profundamente como en Mérida, y por consecuencia se han descubierto importantes extensiones en la distribución de varias especies. En Mérida, se documenta indicaciones de una ruta migratoria muy importante a través del Valle del Río Santo Domingo. Las alturas bajas del Parque Nacional Tamá en Táchira (en el valle de los ríos Frio y Negro) y las areas adjacentes en Apure merecen mayor investigación en vista de algunas observaciones sorprendentes. Igualmente, los descubrimientos en islas del Río Orinoco fueron inesperados. La selva del Río Caura en el norte de Bolívar alberga especies previamente conocidas solamente del estado de Amazonas, y la región del Río Grande en el noreste de Bolívar tiene una avifauna tipicamente Guyanesa.
  • Field Notes on the Giant Antpitta Grallaria Gigantea

    Field Notes on the Giant Antpitta Grallaria Gigantea

    COTINGA 7 Field notes on the G iant A ntpitta G rallaria gigantea Y. de Soye, K.-L. Schuchmann and J. C. Matheus Se presentan nuevas observaciones de Grallaria gigantea del sudoeste Colombiano y noroeste de Ecuador. Dos registros visuales, de subespecie desconocida, fueron efectuados en la Reserva La Planada, Depto. Nariño, Colombia en 1988 y 1989, y uno, de la subespecie hylodroma, fue atrapado en Mindo, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador en 1994. Se presenta la biometría de este individuo y se describe el comportamiento alimentar de otros observados en el campo, en Mindo. Aparentemente se alimentaban de lombrices Rhynodrylus y otros invertebrados. Hasta 3–4 G. gigantea fueron escuchados en el área de Mindo en noviembre–diciembre 1994. The Giant Antpitta Grallaria gigantea is reported recorded weight does not confirm the statement to inhabit forests of the Andean slopes of Ecuador by Krabbe et al.3 th at “gigantea differs from and southernmost Colombia. Three subspecies are hylodroma by its larger size”, with their two speci­ recognised: Colombian lehmanni, west Ecuadorian mens weighing 266 g and 218 g. Their sample was hylodroma and east Ecuadorian nominate evidently too small to distinguish subspecific dif­ gigantea3, with given localities separated by large ferences. distances. Most information available on biology Both at La Planada and near Mindo, foraging and distribution of this rarely encountered bird is individuals of Grallaria gigantea were observed on presented by Collar et al.1 and Krabbe et al . The several occasions. At La Planada, a bird was seen conservation status of the species was ranked as along a trail feeding on slugs.
  • On the Origin and Evolution of Nest Building by Passerine Birds’

    On the Origin and Evolution of Nest Building by Passerine Birds’

    T H E C 0 N D 0 R r : : ,‘ “; i‘ . .. \ :i A JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY ,I : Volume 99 Number 2 ’ I _ pg$$ij ,- The Condor 99~253-270 D The Cooper Ornithological Society 1997 ON THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF NEST BUILDING BY PASSERINE BIRDS’ NICHOLAS E. COLLIAS Departmentof Biology, Universityof California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606 Abstract. The object of this review is to relate nest-buildingbehavior to the origin and early evolution of passerinebirds (Order Passeriformes).I present evidence for the hypoth- esis that the combinationof small body size and the ability to place a constructednest where the bird chooses,helped make possiblea vast amountof adaptiveradiation. A great diversity of potential habitats especially accessibleto small birds was created in the late Tertiary by global climatic changes and by the continuing great evolutionary expansion of flowering plants and insects.Cavity or hole nests(in ground or tree), open-cupnests (outside of holes), and domed nests (with a constructedroof) were all present very early in evolution of the Passeriformes,as indicated by the presenceof all three of these basic nest types among the most primitive families of living passerinebirds. Secondary specializationsof these basic nest types are illustratedin the largest and most successfulfamilies of suboscinebirds. Nest site and nest form and structureoften help characterizethe genus, as is exemplified in the suboscinesby the ovenbirds(Furnariidae), a large family that builds among the most diverse nests of any family of birds. The domed nest is much more common among passerinesthan in non-passerines,and it is especially frequent among the very smallestpasserine birds the world over.
  • The Threatened Birds of the Río Frío Valley, Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia Ralf Strewe and Cristobal Navarro Cotinga 22 (2004): 47–55

    The Threatened Birds of the Río Frío Valley, Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia Ralf Strewe and Cristobal Navarro Cotinga 22 (2004): 47–55

    Cotinga 22 The threatened birds of the río Frío Valley, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia Ralf Strewe and Cristobal Navarro Cotinga 22 (2004): 47–55 La cuenca del rió Frió es un área de 37.000 ha ubicado en la vertiente occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, dpto. Magdalena, Colombia. Después de más de 80 años de las investiga- ciones de Todd & Carriker16 sobre la avifauna de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, estudios amplios fueron realizados en bosques húmedos premontanos y montanos, y páramo, en elevaciones desde 650 hasta 4.200 m, en la cuenca del rió Frío, entre el 2000–2001. Se presenta un listado anotado de las 285 especies de la zona y se colectaron datos de especies endémicas y con rangos restringidos. Se analiza la situación de 13 especies amenazadas. Basado en los resultados se identificaron prioridades de conservación, se diseñó un corredor de conservación y se desarrollo una estrategia de conservación de hábitats y nominado la cuenca del río Frío como Área Importante para la Conservación de Aves en Colombia (AICA). The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is an isolated humid montane and pre-montane forest, and pyramid-shaped massif on the Caribbean coast of tropical humid forest, in the lower valley. Below 500 north-east Colombia, close to the border with m very little forest persists, as the land is Venezuela. The twin snow-covered peaks of Pico intensively farmed and used for cattle grazing, Simon Bolivar and Pico Cristobal reach 5,775 m whilst the sea-level plain (which naturally held just 46 km from the Caribbean coast, representing tropical lowland forest) is nearly totally covered by the world’s highest coastal massif.
  • A Cryptic New Species of Antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Peruvian Andes

    A Cryptic New Species of Antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Peruvian Andes

    THE WILSON BULLETIN A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF ORNITHOLOGY Published by the Wilson Ornithological Society VOL. 99, No. 3 SEPTEMBER1987 PAGES 3 13-520 Wilson Bull., 99(3), 1987, pp. 313-321 A CRYPTIC NEW SPECIES OF ANTPITTA (FORMICARIIDAE: GRALLARIA) FROM THE PERUVIAN ANDES GARY R. GRAVES ’ ABSTRACT.-TWO morphologically similar antpittas, Grallaria rufila and G. blakei, sp. nav., are sympatric on Cordillera Colan and Cordillera Carpish in the Peruvian Andes. These taxa appear to replace one another elevationally: G. r&a-2590 to 3450 m; G. blakei- 35 to 2470 m. G. blakei differs from Peruvian populations of G. rujiila in having barring on the lower belly and much darker reddish-brown plumage. A unique specimen from the geographically isolated Cordillera Yanachaga may represent an undescribed sub- species of G. rufila or G. blakei, or an undescribed third species. Received 30 June 1986, accepted 7 Nov. 1986. Four or more antpitta species of the genus Grallaria occur along an elevational gradient at nearly every humid forest locality in the main chain of the Andes from Venezuela and Colombia south to northern Bolivia. Up to eight species have been collected along an elevational gradient in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. In this region and others, the morphological distinction between sympatric species has been clear-cut. The only taxonomic difficulty regularly encountered has been deciding the status of allopatric taxa (e.g., Schulenberg and Williams 1982). Here I report an exception to previously known patterns in the genus. Two morphologically similar antpittas occur sympatrically in at least two localities along the forested Amazonian slope of the Eastern Andes in Peru.
  • Forest Fragmentation Alters Microhabitat Availability for Neotropical Terrestrial Insectivorous Birds ⇑ Jeffrey A

    Forest Fragmentation Alters Microhabitat Availability for Neotropical Terrestrial Insectivorous Birds ⇑ Jeffrey A

    Biological Conservation 188 (2015) 109–115 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Special Issue Article: Tropical Insectivores Forest fragmentation alters microhabitat availability for Neotropical terrestrial insectivorous birds ⇑ Jeffrey A. Stratford a,b, , Philip C. Stouffer b,c a Department of Biology and Health Sciences, Wilkes University, PA 18766, USA b Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69011, Brazil c School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LA 70803, USA article info abstract Article history: Many insectivorous birds of the tropical rainforest understory, particularly terrestrial species, are prone Received 29 March 2014 to local extinctions in fragmented forests. We evaluated the hypothesis that vegetation structural Received in revised form 2 January 2015 changes in rainforest fragments reduce the availability of microhabitats used by terrestrial insectivores. Accepted 17 January 2015 Near Manaus, Brazil, we compared the vegetation in forest fragments to the vegetation in a continuous Available online 21 February 2015 forest site where nine species of terrestrial insectivores were observed foraging. Our focal species includ- ed those that are extinction prone in fragments (Myrmornis torquata [Wing-banded Antbird], Grallaria Keywords: varia [Variegated Antbird], Hylopezus macularius [Spotted Antpitta]), a fragmentation-tolerant species Fragmentation
  • A New Species of Antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Eastern Andes of Colombia

    A New Species of Antpitta (Formicariidae: Grallaria) from the Eastern Andes of Colombia

    THEWILSONBULLETIN A QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF ORNITHOLOGY Published by the Wilson Ornithological Society VOL. 104, No. 3 SEPTEMBER1992 PAGES 389-570 Wilson Bull., 104(3), 1992, pp. 389-399 A NEW SPECIES OF ANTPITTA (FORMICARIIDAE: GRALLARIA) FROM THE EASTERN ANDES OF COLOMBIA F. GARY STILES ’ ABSTRACT.-The Cundinamarca Antpitta (Grallaria kaestnerisp. nov.) is described from a locality at upper subtropical elevations of the eastern slope of the Eastern Andes of Colombia. It is a terrestrial bird of the understory of primary and secondary cloud forest, known from elevations of ca 1800-2300 m at the type locality; its vocalizations, foraging behavior, and probable breeding season are described. The closest relative of the new form appears to be the Santa Marta Antpitta (G. bangsi)of the Santa Marta mountains; in fact, G. kuestnerimay be the present-day representative of the ancestral population that gave rise to G. bangsi. The probable distribution, and possible conservation measures for G. kaestneriare discussed. Received10 Dec. 1991, accepted13 May 1992. ABSTRACTO.-Se describe Grallaria kaestneri sp. nov. de una localidad de la zona sub- tropical alta de la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de 10s Andes de Colombia. Es un ave terrestre de1 sotobosque de selva nublada primaria y secundaria; en la localidad tipica ha sido registrado entre ca 1800 y 2300 m de elevacibn. Se presentan datos sobre la 6poca de cria, las vocalizaciones, y el comportamiento de forrajeo de la nueva especie, cuya pariente mas cercano parece ser G. bangsi de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; incluso, kaestneribien podria ser el representante actual de la poblacibn ancestral que dio origen a bangsi.