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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02084-9 - The Changing Legal Regulation of Cohabitation: From Fornicators to Family, 1600–2010 Rebecca Probert Index More information

Index

abortion, 171, 228, 231 Booth, Charles, 60 Abortion Act (1967), 176 Bowie, David, 173 Act for suppressing the detestable sins of Incest, Brideshead, Sue, 112 Adultery and Fornication (1650), 30 Bridewell, 30 accessory, 28 British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), 143 Act of Toleration (1689), 31 British Social Attitudes Survey, 262, 272 Administration of Justice Act (1982), 233 broomstick weddings, myth of, 8 adoption, 132, 147, 149, 157, 169, 170, 176, Brothers Karamazov, The, 173 231, 268 Burns v. Burns, 235, 237 Adoption and Children Act (2002), 256 adultery, 25, 30, 32, 33, 47, 91, 102–6, 118, 121, Caine, Michael, 173 133, 150, 152, 177, 178 Can You Forgive Her?, 54 al fresco sex, 38 canons of 1604, 26 Allen, Grant, 112 Carry on films,23 , 185 anarchists, 57 Charles II, 25 Ann Veronica, 112 Chatterley ban, 139 Antoniadi, Eugène, 70 Chesser, Dr Eustace, 144 Archers, The, 192 Child Poverty Action Group, 199 Ash-next-Sandwich, 62, 63 Children Act (1975), 245 Asquith, Herbert, 121 Children Act (1989), 248, 260 Autumn Crocus, 140 Child Support Act (1991), 249 Christie, Julie, 172 Barstow, Stan, 145 church courts, 1, 21, 24–6, 30–3, 39, 40, 50, 106 Barton, Herminia, 112 Banbury, 18, 31, 35, 67 Basildon, 193 Carlisle, 24, 32, 34 bastardy examinations, 22, 25, 31, 37, 38, 39 Chester, 33 Baxter Basics MP, 250 churchwardens, role , 28, 31 Berkhamsted Civil Partnerships Act (2004), 269, 270 lodgers, 71 Clandestine Marriages Act (1753), 8 married couples, 68–9 Clarissa, 6, 41 position of housekeepers, 71 classic slum, 113 Bethnal Green, 74, 75 Cleland, John, 7 bigamy, 4, 30, 54, 80, 85, 98, 101, 150 coercion, defence of, 80, 118 births outside marriage, 15–17, 62, 67, 71, 75, cohabitation 115, 131, 145–8, 165, 169, 170, 171, 176, ambiguity, 7, 22, 24, 44, 55, 111, 137, 203 177, 230–2, 234, 244, 262, 279 concealment and, 5 jointly registered, 148, 149, 170, 171, 231 definition of,4–8 Blanesburgh Committee, 130 extent, 14–20, 33–40, 59–60, 63–76, 226, Bloomsbury group, 109 233, 262

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02084-9 - The Changing Legal Regulation of Cohabitation: From Fornicators to Family, 1600–2010 Rebecca Probert Index More information

284 Index

cohabitation (cont.) debts, liability for, 85, 86, 107 terminology, 8 Denning, Lord, 151, 207, 208 provision on death and, 97–102 Disability Discrimination Act (1995), 239 provision on separation and, 91–6 divorce, 52, 53, 133, 134 and reputation, 77–8, 80 cohabitation and, 102–8, 120, 128, 131, 132 rise of, 186–8 condonation, 152, 153 whether believing themselves to be married, connivance, 103, 104, 152 8–14 delay, 104, 152 Cohabitation Bill (2008), 271, 272, 279 desertion, 103–5, 121, 133, 150, 152 cohabitation contracts, 26 Royal Commission on Divorce, 119 Cohabitation (Contract Enforcement) Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act (1857), Bill, 239 102, 103 consideration, 94, 95, 96 Divorce Reform Act (1969), 166, 174 inducement, 48, 96, 107 Doctor in Love, 160 survey, 234 Domestic Violence and Magistrates’ Courts Act cohabitation rule, 201 (1978), 211 Collins, Joan, 222 Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Collins, Wilkie, 52 Proceedings Act (1976), 205, 206, 253 common law husband, 164 Drabble, Margaret, 277 common law marriage, 11–12, 55, 76, 185, 196, Drake v. Whipp, 236, 267 281 Dunkirk, 2 belief among general population, 13 Durris, Lord McGregor of, 247 myth of, 214–17, 272–5 Duxbury v. Duxbury, 238 phrase, transformation of, 198 Dyson Holdings Ltd v. Fox, 1, 213 ‘common law wives’, 7, 11, 12, 55, 162–4, 174, 198, 200, 213 ecclesiastical courts, see church courts Commonwealth Immigrants Bill (1961), 162 Eldon, Lord, 77 companionate marriage, 139 Eliot, George, 9 concealed legitimacies, 73 Ellenborough, Lord, 86 ‘concubines’, 7, 8, 24, 196 Empire Windrush, 162 Consumer Credit Act (1974), 201 ‘enduring family relationship’, 256 contraceptive pill, 181, 190 Estate Agents Act (1979), 201 contracts, cohabitation, see cohabitation Evershed, Lord, 135 contracts Eves v. Eves, 175, 208, 209, 210 Cooke v. Head, 170, 195, 208, 210 Eves, Janet, 208, 209 Cooper, Jilly, 23, 190, 192, 197 excommunication, 35 Cosmopolitan, 188 costermongers, 61, 62 Fabians, 19, 109 Coulson v. Allison, 58 Fair Trading Act (1973), 201 council housing, 193 ‘fallen’ woman of mid-Victorian fiction,112 credit, 85, 86, 87 Family Formation (1976), 143, 181, 182, 187 Credit Unions Act (1979), 201 Family Homes and Domestic Violence Bill, 221, Criminal Justice Act (1988), 239 223, 250, 253, 254, 257 Cullingworth report on council housing, 193 Family Income Supplement Act (1970), 201, 213 custody disputes, 157–8 Family Law Act (1996), 254 Family Law Reform Act (1987), 248 Daily Mail, 3, 221, 251, 252, 265 Fanny Hill, or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, Darling, 172 7, 42 Davis v. Johnson, 196, 206, 207 fatal accidents, compensation for, 233 death penalty, 30 Female Eunuch, The, 204 ‘de facto wife’, 10, 55 Fielding, Henry, 40, 42, 43 death, provision on, 97–102 Finance Act (1964), 242 Debrett’s Etiquette, 226 Finance Act (1968), 217

285 Index

Finer Committee, 204 informal marriage, myth of, 8 First World War allowances, 110 Inheritance (Family Provision) Act (1938), Fitzpatrick v. Sterling Housing Association, 1, 256 155 Flanders, Moll, 42 Inheritance (Provision for Family and fornication, 36 Dependants) Act (1975), 201, 212, 213 and fine,29 International Genealogical Index, 35 penance for, 29 intestacy, 2, 156, 240, 252, 261 Forster, Margaret, 142, 170 Irish Home Rule, 121 Foundling Hospital, 72 Institute for Fiscal Studies, 263, 264 free unions, 57, 110, 111, 112 International Society on Family Law, 224 Isle of Sheppey, 228 Gammans v. Ekins, 135, 156 Gender Recognition Act (2004), 256 Jellicoe procedure, 250 General Household Survey, 180, 181, 187, 188, Johnson, Samuel, 6 216, 242 Jones v. Kernott, 2 George, Lloyd, 9 Jude the Obscure, 112 Ghaidan v. Goden-Mendoza, 8 Gissing v. Gissing, 208 Kekewich J, 84 Godwin, William, 57 Kenyon, Lord, 87, 102 Gorell, Lord, 121 kept mistress, 45 Griffiths, Jane,268 Kilbrandon, Lord, 207 Guardianship Act (1973), 245 Kilsby married couples, 69–76 Hale, Baroness, 260 Kind of Loving, A, 145 Hall, William Clarke, 132 Kitchener, Lord, 121 handfasting, myth of, 8 Hardie, Keir, 117 Larkin, Philip, 139 Hardwicke, Lord, 269 Law Commission, 2, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, Hardy, Thomas,112 172, 174, 176, 183, 211, 212, 213, 218, 234, harlots, 45 240, 245–52, 256, 258, 261, 267, 268, 270, Hernhill, 63 271, 274, 281 higher education, 189 Law Reform (Succession) Act (1995), 233, 251, Highland Fling, 139 261 Hoggett, Brenda, 215, 240 Law Society, 268, 269 home sharing, 5 Legitimacy Act (1959), 151, 157 Home, Evelyn, 182 legitimation of children, 132, 134 housekeepers, 55, 64, 130 legitimations, 132, 134, 176, 248 allowances, 131 Lester, Lord, 269, 270 whether cohabiting, 70–2 Lewes, George Henry, 9 Housing Act (1980), 232, 235 Liberace, 222 Housing Act (1988), 239 List of Covent Garden Ladies, 6 Housing Finance Act (1972), 201 ‘lived law’, 279 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act ‘live-in lover’, 7 (1990), 249 ‘Live-in Lovers Bill’, 221, 250–3 living apart together, 6 illegitimate children, 27, 156 living in concubinage, 56 in Birmingham, 148 living in sin, 7, 55, 136, 137, 167, 174, 178 compensation entitlement, 117 living tally, 55 v. legitimate children, 83 living together, 56, 136, 139 in Manchester, 147 Living Together campaign, 274 in Newcastle, 147 Lloyds Bank v. Rosset, 236 illegitimacy ratio, 16, 17, 36, 37, 49, 73, 149 Local Government Finance Act (1992), 239 infanticide, 72 Lodge, David, 190

286 Index

lodgers, 64 National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act whether disguised cohabitants, 71 (1946), 159 London Marriage Guidance Council, 229 Nationwide Building Society, 195 Neithrop Mackay, Lord, 249 cohabiting couples in, 71 Man Alive, 169, 192, 211 formal marriage, 67–8 Mansfield, Lord,80 , 94 lodgers, 71 marriage, 2, 113, 145, 190 housekeepers, 70 allowance, 256 sanitary arrangements, 67 overseas, 55 New Labour government (1997), 255 public acknowledgements, 82 Newton-John, Olivia, 222 punishment for sex outside, 26–33 Nice Work, 190 shotgun wedding, 132, 170, 186, 244 No Name, 52 solemnization of, 26 Wollstonecraft and Godwin, views of,57 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys,144 Marriage (Enabling) Act (1960), 153 One of Our Conquerers, 104 Married Women (Maintenance in Cases of Owen, Robert, 57 Desertion) Act (1886), 119 Owenite communities, 57 Marvin, Lee, 215 Oxley v. Hiscock, 275 master–servant relation, 44 Martian canals, 70 parental responsibility, 248, 249 Mass Observation, 137, 141, 144 parental rights order, 246, 248 maternity grant, 232 Pascoe v. Turner, 211 Matrimonial Causes Act (1884), 103 penance for sexual offences,28–31 Matrimonial Causes Act (1963), 153 ‘permanent commitment’, 197 Matrimonial Causes Act (1973), 207, 216 Personal Injuries (Civilians) Scheme, 158 Matrimonial Homes Act (1983), 235 Pettitt v. Pettitt, 208 Mayhew, Henry, 61 Pneumoconiosis (Workers’ Compensation) Act claims about marriage, 61 (1979), 201 May to December, 226, 227 Poor Law, 245 Mearns, Reverend Andrew, 59 pre-marital cohabitation, 74–5, 114, 143–6, Mental Health Act (1983), 239 168, 227–9 Meredith, George, 54, 104 pretended wives, 55 Ministry of Social Security Act (1966), 174 prison visits, 203 Mishcon, Lord, 233 private miss, 42 mistresses, 8, 42 promise of provision, 47–9 ambiguity in phrasing, 55 on death, 97–102 Mitchell, Joni, 19 on separation, 91–6 Mitford, Nancy, 139 Proops, Marje, 200, 215, 229 Mobile Homes Act (1983), 238 property rights, 3, 77, 207–11, 232, 235–6 Money Which?, 195 prostitutes, 45, 90 Morning Chronicle, 61 promise of provision, 47–9 mortgage interest relief, 203, 241, 242 Provision of Milk and Meals Regulations murder, 88, 89, 118, 223 (1969), 213 punishment for sex outside marriage, 26–33 National Assistance (Determination of Need) adulterous, 30 Regulations (1948), 160 canons of 1604, and, 26 National Council for One-Parent Families, church courts, role of, 26 132, 247 churchwardens, role of, 26 National Council for the Unmarried Mother fine,29 and her Child, 132 fornication and, 27

287 Index

house of correction and, 30 Social Security Benefit Act (1975),201 penance, 28 Societies for the Reformation of Manners, 33 Putting Asunder, 166 Soldiers and Sailors’ Families Association, 125 Solicitors’ Family Law Association, 270 Ragged Schooling, A, 113 Southwell, 32, 193 Relationships (Civil Registration) Bill, 269 Spare Rib, 216 Rent Act (1977), 201 Stack v. Dowden, 259, 260 Rent and Mortgage Interest (Restrictions) Act Stamp, Terence, 173 (1920), 157 Stevenson, Frances, 9 reputed spouse, 201 Stopes, Marie, 136 reputed wife, 10, 55 Streatfeild, Noel, 137 Restoration era, 40–3 street soliciting, 33 Rings on their Fingers, 191, 210 Supporting Families, 255 Roberts, Robert, 112 Sutton v. Mishcon de Reya and Gawor & Cor, 258 Robin’s Nest, 191 Roxana, 43 Tanner v. Tanner, 208, 209, 210 Royal Commission to inquire into marriage Trollope, Anthony, 9, 54, 55, 81, 83 (1848), 58, 116 Two Of Us, The, 222 Russell, Bertrand, 140 Unemployed Workers’ Dependants Salford, 18, 111–13 (Temporary Provision) Act (1921), 128 classic slum, 114 Unemployment Insurance Act (1922), 129 same-sex couples, 1, 269 Unemployment Insurance Act (1927), 130 Saplings, 137 unmarried dependants living as wives, 158–62 Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, 137 unmarried wives, 110, 278 Schiaparelli, Giovanni, 70 terminology of, 110 Scottish marriages, 77, 84 Second World War, 138, 146, 158 Vile Bodies, 139 wartime allowances, 158–62 visiting relationships, 6, 44, 46, 47, 102, 168, secret trust, 100 208, 231 Selborne, Lord, 90 Viz, 250 Select Committee on Violence in void marriages, 10, 58, 88, 97 Marriage, 213 separation orders, 119 wartime allowances and pensions, 110, 111 separation, provision on, 91–6 Second World War, 158–62 sex outside legal marriage, punishment dependant’s allowances, 125–7 for, see punishment for sex outside payment of pensions to bereaved, 123 marriage unmarried wives, allowences conferred on, sexual euphemisms, 7, 56 122 sexual relationships outside marriage welfare state, 116, 159 classification,5 , 187 Wells, H. G., 112 Sichel v. Lambert, 79 West Indian ‘common-law wives’, 163 Sidney v. Sidney, 102 West Indian immigrantion, 167 Simon, Viscount, 151 Westmorland, 64–7 sitcom programmes, views on cohabitation, Whitehorn, Katharine, 175 191–2 widows weeds, 82 slum literature, 59 Woman Who Did, The, 112 Smith, Dodie, 140 Women’s Rights: A Practical Smollett, Tobias, 40 Guide, 203 Social Security (Miscellaneous Provisions) Woolworths ring, 142 Act (1977), 202 workhouse, 72, 73, 147