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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0161393 A1 Barrett Et Al US 2008O161393A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0161393 A1 Barrett et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 3, 2008 (54) USE OF PRODRUGS OF GABA ANALOGS Publication Classification FORTREATING DSEASE (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Ronald W. Barrett, Saratoga, CA A6II 3L/27 (2006.01) (US); Kenneth C. Cundy, A6IP 25/6 (2006.01) A6IP 25/06 (2006.01) Redwood City, CA (US) A6IP II/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 514/484: 514/478 FINNEGAN, HENDERSON, FARABOW, GAR RETT & DUNNER LLP (57) ABSTRACT 901 NEW YORKAVENUE, NW Methods of using prodrugs of GABA analogs and pharma WASHINGTON, DC 20001-4413 ceutical compositions thereof to treat migraine, fibromyalgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, (21) Appl. No.: 12/001,067 Social phobia, Parkinson's disease, asthma, cough, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pharmaceutical compo (22) Filed: Dec. 6, 2007 sitions of prodrugs of GABA analogs useful in treating migraine, fibromyalgia, amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis, irri Related U.S. Application Data table bowel syndrome, social phobia, Parkinson's disease, (60) Provisional application No. 60/873,561, filed on Dec. asthma, cough, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are 8, 2006. disclosed. US 2008/O 161393 A1 Jul. 3, 2008 USE OF PRODRUGS OF GABAANALOGS Selak, Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001, 206), 828-834; Lauria FORTREATING DSEASE Horner and Pohl, Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003, 12(4), 663-672; Kasperet al., Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2002, 12 (Suppl), S341-S342; Rickels et al., 2002, IntJ Neuropsychop 0001. This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. harmacol 2002, 5, 14-15; and Smith et al., Eur Neuropsy S 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/873,561 chopharmacol 2002, 12, S350), Parkinson's disease (see e.g., filed Dec. 8, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein Olson et al., Am J. Med 1997, 102(1), 60-6: Faulkner et al., in its entirety. Ann Pharmacother 2003, 37(2), 282-286; Marjama-Lyons and Koller, Drugs Aging 2000, 16(4), 273-278; and Van Bler FIELD com et al., Clin Neuropharmacol 2004, 27(3), 124-128), cough (Lee and Woo, Ann Oto Rhinol Laryngol 2005, 114(4), 0002 Methods and compositions disclosed herein relate 253-7: Magistro, International Publication No. WO to methods of using prodrugs of GABA analogs and pharma 00/67742; and Mintz and Lee, Am J Med2006, 119, e13-e15), ceutical compositions thereof to treat migraine, fibromyalgia, and pulmonary diseases Such as asthma, bronchial condi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, tions, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Lomia, Social phobia, Parkinson's disease, asthma, cough, or chronic International Application No. WO 00/66096: Shrier and Tay obstructive pulmonary disease in patients and to pharmaceu lor, EP 1192.944; Magistro, WO 00/67742; and Bertrand et tical compositions of prodrugs of GABA analogs useful in al., US 2004/0143014). treating migraine, fibromyalgia, amyotrophic lateral Sclero 0005. The broad pharmaceutical activities of GABA ana sis, irritable bowel syndrome, social phobia, Parkinson's dis logs such as gabapentin (1) and pregabalin (2): ease, asthma, cough, or chronic obstructive pulmonary dis CaSC. (1) BACKGROUND HN CO2H 0003 Migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, cough, asthma, and Social phobia, are estimated to affect between 5% and 20% of the population. While less prevalent, amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease are sig Gabapentin nificant neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic obstructive pull (2) monary disease is a major and increasing global health prob HN1 N1)-coli lem and is expected to become the third most common cause of death and the fifth most common cause of disability in the world by 2020. 0004. The y-aminobutyric acid (y-aminobutyric acid is abbreviated herein as GABA) analog, gabapentin (1), has Pregabalin been approved in the United States for the treatment of epi leptic seizures, diabetic neuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, and restless legs syndrome (Backonja et al., JAMA 1998, 280, have stimulated intensive interest in preparing related com 1831-36; Rose et al., Anaesthesia 2002, 57, 451-62). Pre pounds that have Superior pharmaceutical properties in com gabalin (2), another GABA analog, has been approved in the parison to GABA, e.g., the ability to cross the blood-brain United States for the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. barrier (see, e.g., Satzinger et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,024, 175; Gabapentin and/or pregabalin have also been shown or are Silverman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,563,175: Horwell et al., U.S. proposed to be effective in treating a number of other medical Pat. No. 6,020,370; Silverman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,214; disorders (Magnus, Epilepsia 1999, 40, S66-72) including Horwell et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,932; Silverman et al., U.S. migraine (see, e.g., Chronicle and Mulleners, Anticonvulsant Pat. No. 6,117,906; Silverman, International Publication No. drugs for migraine prophylaxis, The Cochrane Database of WO92/09560; Silverman et al., International Publication N Systemic Reviews 2004, Issue 3: Mathew et al., Headache WO 93/23383; Horwell et al., International Publication N 2001, 41(2), 119-128; Mathew et al., Cephalalgia 1996, 16, WO 97/29101, Horwell et al., International Publication N 367; Wessely et al., Cephalalgia, 1987, 7, 477-78; Mathew, WO 97/33858; Horwell et al., International Publication N Headache 2001, November-December (Suppl), S18-S24; Di WO 97/33859: Bryans et al., International Publication N Trapani et al., Clin Ter 2000, 151, 145-148; and Capuano et WO 98/17627; Guglietta et al., International Publication N al., Clin Ter 2004, 155(2-3), 79-87); fibromyalgia (see e.g., WO99/08671; Bryans et al., International Publication N Nampiaparampil and Schmerling, Am J Manage Care 2004, WO99/21824; Bryans et al., International Publication N 10,794-800; Crofford, Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2004, 6,274-80; WO99/31057; Belliotti et al., International Publication N Zareba, Drugs Today, 2005, 41(8), 509-516; and Dooley et WO99/31074; Bryans et al., International Publication N al., U.S. Application Publication No. 2004/0180959), amyo WO99/31075; Bryans et al., International Publication N trophic lateral sclerosis (see, e.g., Taylor, Rev Neurol, 1997 WO99/61424; Bryans et al., International Publication N 153(Suppl 1), S39-45; and Cory, Ann Pharmacother 1995, WO 2000/15611; Belliot et al., International Publication N 29(11), 1160-61), irritable bowel syndrome (see, e.g., Taylor, WO 00/31020; Bryans et al., International Publication N Rev Neurol, 1997 153(Suppl 1), S39-45; and Cory, Ann Phar WO 00/50027; and Bryans et al., International Publication macother 1995, 29(11), 1160-61), social phobia (see e.g., No. WO 02/00209). Pande et al., J. Clin Psychopharmacol 1999, 19,341-348; and 0006. One significant problem associated with the clinical Pande et al., J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000, 20(5), 544-546: use of many GABA analogs, including gabapentin and pre Pande et al., J. Clin Psychopharmacol 2004, 24(2), 141-149: gabalin, is rapid systemic clearance. Consequently, these US 2008/O 161393 A1 Jul. 3, 2008 drugs require frequent dosing to maintain a therapeutic or at least one compound chosen from Formula (I). Formula (II), prophylactic concentration in the systemic circulation (Bry Formula (III), and Formula (IV): ans et al., Med. Res. Rev. 1999, 19, 149-177). For example, dosing regimens of 300-600 mg doses of gabapentin admin istered three times per day are typically used for anticonvul (I) sive therapy. Higher doses (1800-3600 mg/day in three or four divided doses) are typically used for the treatment of neuropathic pain states. Doses of gabapentin up to 2400 mg/day with 300 mg administered eight times a day have R O O been shown to be effective in treating migraine (see, e.g., rx o1 Mathew et al., Headache 2001, 41, 119-128; Mathew, Ceph R3 R2 alalgia 1996, 16, 367; Magnus-Miller et al., American Pain (II) Society Program, 17th Annual Meeting, Abstract No. 645, San Diego, Calif., Nov. 5-8, 1998; Wessely et al., Cephalalgia 1987, 7(Suppl 6), 477-478; Di Trapani et al., Clin Ter 2000, 151, 145-148; and Capuano et al., Clin Ter 2004, 155(2-3), R O O 79-87). Although oral sustained released formulations are rx o1 conventionally used to reduce the dosing frequency of drugs R3 R2 that exhibit rapid systemic clearance, oral Sustained release (III) formulations of gabapentin and pregabalin have not been developed because these drugs are not absorbed via the large O intestine. Rather, these compounds are typically absorbed in H the Small intestine by one or more amino acid transporters O O N (e.g., the “large neutral amino acid transporter see Jezyk et al., Pharm. Res. 1999, 16, 519–526). The limited residence O O time of both conventional and Sustained release oral dosage (IV) forms in the proximal absorptive region of the gastrointestinal tract necessitates frequent daily dosing of conventional oral dosage forms of these drugs, and has prevented the Successful O application of sustained release technologies to many GABA H analogs. O O N 0007. One method for overcoming rapid systemic clear r OH ance of GABA analogs is to administer an extended release O O dosage formulation containing a colonically absorbed GABA analog prodrug (Gallop et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,818,787, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the foregoing, a 6,972,341, 7,026,351, and 7,060,727; and U.S. Application pharmaceutically acceptable Solvate of any of the foregoing, Publication Nos. 2006/0122125 and 2005/0154057; and and a pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxide of any of the International Publication Nos.
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