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Politics by Kayfabe: Professional Wrestling and the Creation of Public Opinion
POLITICS BY KAYFABE: PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING AND THE CREATION OF PUBLIC OPINION WILLIAM P STODDEN North Dakota State College of Science and Concordia College and JOHN S. HANSEN Hennepin County Library1 INTRODUCTION Professional wrestling offers an excellent analogy for understanding the way politicians socially construct reality to produce changes in public opinion. In most cases, politicians will frame specific events in a way designed to elicit public support for their preferred policies or candidates. They will also use these same techniques to frame those they perceive to be “enemies” in a way that generates fear and antipathy in the population. The creation of reality and incitement to action in a mass population is one function of political propaganda, which is nearly ubiquitous in the age of mass media, big data, and the 24 hour news cycle.2 In many ways, the process of the construction of reality employed by politicians is similar to the creation of angles and storylines in professional wrestling, which has grown into a world phenomenon alongside-- and largely as a result of-- mass media. In its current manifestation, professional wrestling, now called “sports entertainment,” requires the apparatus of mass media as well as the audiences mass media generates to succeed financially. For their part, policy makers and political leaders also use the mass media. In fact, the modern mass- based political Party, which appeals to huge swaths of the population using claims and narratives resonant with the average person rather than traditional political elites would not exist without the mass media. Without widespread dissemination of news, Parties would not be able to effectively disseminate political propaganda or generate public opinion. -
Sag E Arts Unlimited Martial Arts & Fitness Training
Sag e Arts Unlimited Martial Arts & Fitness Training Grappling Intensive Program - Basic Course - Sage Arts Unlimited Grappling Intensive Program - Basic Course Goals for this class: - To introduce and acclimate students to the rigors of Grappling. - To prepare students’ technical arsenal and conceptual understanding of various formats of Grappling. - To develop efficient movement skills and defensive awareness in students. - To introduce students to the techniques of submission wrestling both with and without gi’s. - To introduce students to the striking aspects of Vale Tudo and Shoot Wrestling (Shooto) and their relationship to self-defense, and methods for training these aspects. - To help students begin to think tactically and strategically regarding the opponent’s base, relative position and the opportunities that these create. - To give students a base of effective throws and breakfalls, transitioning from a standing format to a grounded one. Class Rules 1. No Injuries 2. Respect your training partner, when they tap, let up. 3. You are 50% responsible for your safety, tap when it hurts. 4. An open mind is not only encouraged, it is mandatory. 5. Take Notes. 6. No Whining 7. No Ego 8. No Issues. Bring Every Class Optional Equipment Notebook or 3-ring binder for handouts and class notes. Long or Short-sleeved Rashguard Judo or JiuJitsu Gi and Belt Ear Guards T-shirt to train in (nothing too valuable - may get stretched out) Knee Pads Wrestling shoes (optional) Bag Gloves or Vale Tudo Striking Gloves Mouthguard Focus Mitts or Thai Pads Smiling Enthusiasm and Open-mindedness 1 Introduction Grappling Arts from around the World Nearly every culture has its own method of grappling with a unique emphasis of tactic, technique and training mindset. -
Professional Wrestling: Local Performance History, Global Performance Praxis Neal Anderson Hebert Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2016 Professional Wrestling: Local Performance History, Global Performance Praxis Neal Anderson Hebert Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hebert, Neal Anderson, "Professional Wrestling: Local Performance History, Global Performance Praxis" (2016). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2329. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2329 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING: LOCAL PERFORMANCE HISTORY, GLOBAL PERFORMANCE PRAXIS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The School of Theatre By Neal A. Hebert B.A., Louisiana State University, 2003 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2008 August 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................v -
Mixed Martial Arts
COMPILED BY : - GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 Mixed Martial Arts - Overview Mixed Martial Arts is an action-packed sport filled with striking and grappling techniques from a variety of combat sports and martial arts. During the early 1900s, many different mixed-style competitions were held throughout Europe, Japan and the Pacific Rim. CV Productions Inc. showed the first regulated MMA league in the US in 1980 called the Tough Guy Contest, which was later renamed as Battle of the Superfighters. In 1983, the Pennsylvania State Senate passed a bill which prohibited the sport. However, in 1993, it was brought back into the US TVs by the Gracie family who found the Ultimate Fighting Championships (UFC) which most of us have probably heard about on our TVs. These shows were promoted as a competition which intended in finding the most effective martial arts in an unarmed combat situation. The competitors fought each other with only a few rules controlling the fight. Later on, additional rules were established ensuring a little more safety for the competitors, although it still is quite life-threatening. A Brief History of Mixed Martial Arts THANKS FOR READING – VISIT OUR WEBSITE www.educatererindia.com COMPILED BY : - GAUTAM SINGH STUDY MATERIAL – SPORTS 0 7830294949 The history of MMA dates back to the Greek era. There was an ancient Olympic combat sport called as Pankration which had features of combination of grappling and striking skills. Later, this sport was passed on to the Romans. An early example of MMA is Greco-Roman Wrestling (GRW) in the late 1880s, where players fought without few to almost zero safety rules. -
DON GARON Proudly Presents
DON GARON Proudly presents ERIK PAULSON Former World Light Heavy Weight Champion Mixed Martial Arts Seminar (Shoot wrestling/Brazilian Ji-Jitsu) (Muay Thai /JKD/Savate) June 16th and 17th 2007 Location: Alexander’s Athletic Club 2403 Washington Rd Canonsburg PA 15317 ERIK PAULSON - Erik holds the ranking of Shooter Class A. He is one of only five people in the U.S. to attain this professional ranking under Sensei Sayama. Trained by Sensei Yorinaga Nakamura at the Inosanto Academy, Erik has recorded exceptional ring success in mixed martial arts bouts in Japan. He won his world light-heavyweight title in Tokyo, Japan. With over twenty-five years of experience in the Martial Arts, Erik holds instructor rankings in Judo and Karate, as well as a full instructorship in Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do and the Filipino Martial Arts under Guro Dan Inosanto. Mixed Martial Arts is fast becoming "The Ultimate Ring Sport," and is already one of the most popular Martial Arts in the country. Combining Western Boxing, Thai Boxing, Amateur Wrestling, Judo, and Brazilian Ju-Jitsu, it has become the ultimate fighting sport. The result includes punching, elbows, kicking, kneeing, throwing/tackling, and ground submissions. Erik is one of the premier trainers in the U.S. Don’t miss this chance to learn from one of the best in the sport!! HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS SUPER 8 SOUTHPOINTE - 724/873-8808 HILTON GARDEN INN – 724/743-5000 RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT (Not Mandatory) Thai pads, focus mitts, boxing gloves, bag gloves, hand wraps, groin protector, mouthpiece, suitable workout clothes, wrestling shoes. (Equipment will be on sale at the seminar) Seminar Times Saturday 9am - 3pm Sunday 9am – 3pm Registration ADVANCED REGISTRATION $95. -
Mixed Martial Arts, Or Simply Mma , Is Cage Fighting That
MARTIAL ARTS Words: Morne Swanepoel ǀ Photos: CombatCoaching.com ǀ Video: Courtesy of Cage Side THE WORLD OF THE MMA WARRIOR MIXED MARTIAL ARTS, OR SIMPLY MMA, IS CAGE FIGHTING THAT MIXES KICKING, PUNCHING AND GRAPPLING.It is this intoxicating combination of athleticism, intensity and fighting that is so intriguing and has people throughout South Africa, and across the world, lining up to watch it, thus making it one of the most popular and fastest growing sports today in countries such as the USA, Europe, Japan and Brazil! There are specific rules in MMA to protect the athlete. For example, kneeing your opponent to the top of the head is illegal. #33 | DO IT NOW Magazine • 1 Modern MMA only emerged in 1993 with the Ultimate Fighting Championships. The championship was based on the concept of pitting different fighting styles against each other in competition with minimal rules, in an attempt to determine which system/martial art would be more effective in a real, unregulated combat situation. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, MMA competitions implemented additional rules for the safety of the athletes and to promote acceptance of the sport, while maintaining as much of the original no-holds-barred concepts as possible. There are very few rules in MMA, all of which were established over the last ten years. Before that it was a brutal combat sport in which the health of the fighter was always at risk. The rules dictate that certain moves, including head butts, biting, eye gouging, attacks to the groin area, kidneys, striking to the back of the spine and trachea, are prohibited. -
Mixed Martial Arts 1 Mixed Martial Arts
Mixed martial arts 1 Mixed martial arts Mixed Martial Arts Patrick Barry (Blue shorts) and Mirko Filipović (Checkered shorts) in the co-main event of UFC 115 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Also known as Vale Tudo, No Holds Barred (NHB), Cage Fighting, Ultimate Fighting, Pride Fighting, Sougo Kakutogi Focus Various Hardness Full contact Olympic sport No Mixed martial arts (MMA), popularly known as cage fighting or ultimate fighting is a full contact combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques and skills, from a mixture of other combat sports, to be used in competitions. The rules allow the use of both striking as well as grappling techniques, both while standing and while on the ground. Such competitions allow fighters of different backgrounds to compete. The roots of modern mixed martial arts can be traced back to various mixed style contests that took place throughout Europe, Japan and the Pacific Rim during the early 1900s. The combat sport of Vale Tudo that had developed in Brazil from the 1920s was brought to the United States by the Gracie family in 1993 with the founding of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Professional MMA events had also been held in Japan by Shooto starting back in 1989. In due course the more dangerous Vale Tudo style bouts of the early UFCs were made safer with the implementation of additional rules, leading to the popular regulated form of MMA seen today. Originally promoted as a competition with the intention of finding the most effective martial arts for real unarmed combat situations, -
THE SHOOT: WRESTLING's REALITY on the INDEPENDENT SCENE Chris Saunders a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University Of
THE SHOOT: WRESTLING’S REALITY ON THE INDEPENDENT SCENE Chris Saunders A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism and Mass Communication in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Chapel Hill 2010 Approved by: Adviser: Prof. Jan Yopp Reader: Dr. Barbara Friedman Reader: Dr. Elizabeth Hedgpeth © 2010 Chris Saunders ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT CHRIS SAUNDERS: The Shoot: Wrestling’s Reality on the Independent Scene (Under the direction of Jan Yopp, Barbara Friedman, and Elizabeth Hedgpeth) Over the last ten years, professional wrestling has become more corporate and monopolized. World Wrestling Entertainment is the only major promotion with a few promotions, such as Total Nonstop Action, trying to compete. As a result, those major promotions have changed who they target from traditional wrestling fans to the mainstream population at large. Wrestling purists scoff at the programming they see those promotions produce on television. The alternative for the old-school, dedicated wrestling fan is the independent circuit. The three articles that follow work to illustrate the lives lived, the dreams fulfilled and the hopes broken on wrestling’s indy scene. The first article serves as an overview by featuring both wrestlers and fans in a gimmick- based promotion in Raleigh, North Carolina. The second article profiles a wrestling promoter and discusses the financial burdens one undertakes to run a promotion full-time. The final article describes the role wrestling schools play in the independent world and features a former superstar who has turned teacher. -
Real Fake Fighting: the Aesthetic of Qualified Realism in Japanese Professional Wrestling
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses July 2021 Real Fake Fighting: the Aesthetic of Qualified Realism in Japanese Professional Wrestling Clara Marino University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Japanese Studies Commons, Other Theatre and Performance Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Marino, Clara, "Real Fake Fighting: the Aesthetic of Qualified Realism in Japanese Professional Wrestling" (2021). Masters Theses. 1061. https://doi.org/10.7275/22480629.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1061 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REAL FAKE FIGHTING: THE AESTHETIC OF QUALIFIED REALISM IN JAPANESE PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING A Thesis Presented By CLARA EVELYN MARINO Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2021 Japanese REAL FAKE FIGHTING: THE AESTHETIC OF QUALIFIED REALISM IN JAPANESE PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING A Thesis Presented by CLARA EVELYN MARINO Approved as to style and -
Mixed Martial Arts: Past and Present
05_390719-ch01.qxp 3/11/09 6:18 PM Page 7 Chapter 1 Mixed Martial Arts: Past and Present In This Chapter ᮣ Digging into MMA’s roots ᮣ Understanding that the art of fighting is the art of living ixed martial arts (MMA), a lifestyle that focuses on the mixture of martial arts in full- Mcontact combat, has come a long way since I first started practicing the sport in 1994. It can now be found around the globe, from Canada and Brazil to Russia and Japan. It appears on both national and cable television networks in the form of reality programming, sporting leagues, and title championships. Mixed martial artists have become celebrities who star in blockbuster movies, appear as characters in video games, and show up on larger-than-life billboards in some of the biggest cities; some of these stars have even become household names. With MMA so in the spotlight these days, you may be surprised to know it wasn’t always that way. In this chapter, I give you a little insight into MMA’s history and introduce you to what MMA is all about as a sport. From Olympia to America: MMA Reborn as an American Martial Art The earliest known form of MMA can be traced back to the Olympics of ancient Greece. This hand-to-hand combat performed as a sport was called pankration, which comes from the Greek words pan and kratos and means “all powers.” The competitors had only two rules to abide by: no bitingCOPYRIGHTED and no eye gouging. -
Inosanto Kali Manual
Inosanto kali manual Continue The spine of the Philippines' ability to fight empty hands is obtained from the knife. In a knife fighting the rest of your body used, you can attack with your feet or hit it with your free hands. The difference between life and death falls solely on your ability... why Philippine Martial Arts is so effective. There is no excuse for taking a man's life, because life is valuable. Any man can take his life, but no man can give back his life. The later murder was a matter between a man and his conviction and his personal conscience. It is a matter of your own personal belief between right or wrong. Therefore, it is important to train the mind before training the body. I used to ask a friend, What can I do to make this world a better place to live? The answer, growing first. Martial arts has become my way of developing physical, mental and spiritual. Bruce Lee once said, during a philosophy about martial arts, Dan, before I learned art, a shot to me just like a punch and a kick just a kick. After I learned art, the shot was no longer a shot, a kick no longer a kick. Now I understand the art, the shot is just like a shot, a kick like a kick. The level of cultivation is absolutely nothing special. It's just simplicity, the ability to express maximum by minimum. For all who are looking for a way, knowledge comes from their Instructors. Wisdom comes from the inside. -
HOUSE BILL No. 2125
Session of 2011 HOUSE BILL No. 2125 By Committee on Commerce and Economic Development 1-28 1 AN ACT concerning the Kansas professional regulated sports act; 2 pertaining to violations; pertaining to civil penalties; pertaining to 3 fees; pertaining to rules and regulations; amending K.S.A. 2010 Supp. 4 74-50,181, 74-50,182, 74-50,185, 74-50,186, 74-50,187, 74-50,189, 5 74-50,193 and 74-50,194 and repealing the existing sections. 6 7 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: 8 New Section 1. (a) Any person who violates any provision of this 9 act or any rule and regulation adopted hereunder may incur, in addition to 10 any other penalty provided by law, a civil penalty in an amount fixed by 11 the commission not to exceed $10,000 for each violation. In the case of a 12 continuing violation, every day such violation continues shall be deemed 13 a separate violation. In determining the amount of the civil penalty, the 14 commission shall take into consideration all relevant circumstances, 15 including, but not limited to, the extent of harm caused by the violation, 16 the nature and persistence of the violation, the length of time over which 17 the violation occurs and any corrective actions taken. 18 (b) All civil penalties assessed under this section shall be due and 19 payable at the time of the violation. All payment of civil penalties 20 assessed shall be held in an escrow fund by the boxing commissioner for 21 30 days after service on the person upon whom the penalty is being 22 imposed.