DOCSLIB.ORG

Julia Lathrop

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Julia Lathrop PRAISE FOR Lives of American Women “Finally! The majority of students—by which I mean women—will have the opportunity to read biographies of women from our nation’s past. (Men can read them too, of course!) The Lives of American Women series features an eclectic collection of books, readily accessible to students who will be able to see the contributions of women in many fields over the course of our history. Long overdue, these books will be a valuable resource for teach- ers, students, and the public at large.” —COKIE ROBERTS, author of Founding Mothers and Ladies of Liberty “Just what any professor wants: books that will intrigue, inform, and fas- cinate students! These short, readable biographies of American women— specifically designed for classroom use—give instructors an appealing new option to assign to their history students.” —MARY BETH NORTON, Mary Donlon Alger Professor of American History, Cornell University “For educators keen to include women in the American story, but hampered by the lack of thoughtful, concise scholarship, here comes Lives of Ameri- can Women, embracing Abigail Adams’s counsel to John— ‘remember the ladies.’ And high time, too!” —LESLEY S. HERRMANN, Executive Director, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History “Students both in the general survey course and in specialized offerings like my course on U.S. women’s history can get a great understanding of an era from a short biography. Learning a lot about a single but complex character really helps to deepen appreciation of what women’s lives were like in the past.” —PATRICIA CLINE COHEN, University of California, Santa Barbara 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 1 1/31/17 8:52 AM “Biographies are, indeed, back. Not only will students read them, biogra- phies provide an easy way to demonstrate particularly important historical themes or ideas. Undergraduate readers will be challenged to think more deeply about what it means to be a woman, citizen, and political ac- tor. I am eager to use this in my undergraduate survey and specialty course.” —JENNIFER THIGPEN, Washington State University, Pullman “These books are, above all, fascinating stories that will engage and inspire readers. They offer a glimpse into the lives of key women in history who either defied tradition or who successfully maneuvered in a man’s world to make an impact. The stories of these vital contributors to American his- tory deliver just the right formula for instructors looking to provide a more complicated and nuanced view of history.” —ROSANNE LICHATIN, 2005 Gilder Lehrman Preserve American History Teacher of the Year “The Lives of American Women authors raise all of the big issues I want my classes to confront—and deftly fold their arguments into riveting narratives that maintain students’ excitement.” —WOODY HOLTON, author of Abigail Adams 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 2 1/31/17 8:52 AM Lives of American Women Carol Berkin, Series Editor Westview Press is pleased to launch Lives of American Women. Selected and edited by renowned women’s historian Carol Berkin, these brief, af- fordably priced biographies are designed for use in undergraduate courses. Rather than a comprehensive approach, each biography focuses instead on a particular aspect of a woman’s life that is emblematic of her time or made her a pivotal figure in the era. The emphasis is on a “good read,” featur- ing accessible writing and compelling narratives without sacrificing sound scholarship and academic integrity. Primary sources at the end of each bi- ography reveal the subject’s perspective in her own words. Study Questions and an Annotated Bibliography support the student reader. Dolley Madison: Margaret Sanger: Freedom, Controversy The Problem of National Unity and the Birth Control Movement by Catherine Allgor by Esther Katz Lillian Gilbreth: Barbara Egger Lennon: Teacher, Mother, Redefining Domesticity Activist by Tina Brakebill by Julie Des Jardins Anne Hutchinson: A Dissident Woman’s Alice Paul: Perfecting Equality for Boston by Vivian Bruce Conger Women by Christine Lunardini Angela Davis: Radical Icon Rebecca Dickinson: Independence by Robyn Spencer for a New England Woman Catharine Beecher: The Complexity by Marla Miller of Gender in 19th Century America Sarah Livingston Jay: Model Republican by Cindy Lobel Woman by Mary-Jo Kline Julia Lathrop: Social Service Betsy Mix Cowles: Champion of Equality and Progressive Government by Stacey Robertson by Miriam Cohen Sally Hemings: Given Her Time Mary Pickford: Hollywood and the New by Jon Kukla Woman by Kathleen A. Feeley Shirley Chisholm: Catalyst for Change Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: Modern by Barbara Winslow American Revolutionary by Lara Vapnek 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 3 1/31/17 8:52 AM 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 8 1/31/17 8:52 AM Julia Lathrop Social Service and Progressive Government MIRIAM COHEN Vassar College LIVES OF AMERICAN WOMEN Carol Berkin, Series Editor New York London 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 5 1/31/17 8:52 AM First published 2017 by Westview Press Published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2017 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Every effort has been made to secure required permissions for all text, images, maps, and other art reprinted in this volume. A CIP catalog record for the print version of this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 13: 978-0-8133-4803-2 (pbk) 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 6 1/31/17 8:52 AM This book is dedicated to my daughters, Julia Hanagan and Nora Hanagan. Their work on behalf of social justice inspires me every day. 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 7 1/31/17 8:52 AM 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 8 1/31/17 8:52 AM CONTENTS SERIES EDITOR’S FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii Introduction 1 1 Childhood and Education at Vassar: Old Traditions and New Paths 7 2 “J. Lathrop’s Here!” Single Womanhood and a New Life at Hull House 19 3 Social Research and Progressive Government 35 4 Juvenile Justice, Immigrant Aid 57 5 “Chief” 79 6 Saving Children, Helping Mothers 101 7 The Making of the Maternity and Infancy ct,A 1921 115 8 Retirement and Keeping On 123 Conclusion 143 PRIMARY SOURCES 149 STUDY QUESTIONS 165 NOTES 167 BIBLIOGRAPHY 179 INDEX 185 - ix - 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 9 1/31/17 8:52 AM 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 8 1/31/17 8:52 AM SERIES EDITOR’S FOREWORD Beginning in the 1890s a group of determined Americans began to search for solutions to the problems of their newly industrialized nation. Rather than give in to pessimism, they decided to face the issues raised by mass immigration, urban poverty, shocking labor conditions, and the dangers to consumers caused by unregulated industries. These women and men were true activists; they did not simply protest—they proposed programs and policies that would improve the conditions they found unacceptable. No one more fully embodied the spirit of these reformers during the Pro- gressive Era than Julia Lathrop. Lathrop devoted her life to child welfare, women’s rights, educational reform, the creation of a juvenile justice sys- tem, the professionalization of social work, and the rights of immigrants— and in the process she became the first woman appointed to the Illinois State Board of Charities and the first woman to head a federal agency. Small wonder that when she died in 1932 she was remembered as “one of the most useful women in the whole country.” In telling the story of Lathrop’s life and accomplishments, Miriam Cohen draws a vivid portrait of the Progressive Era and of the challenges female reformers faced as they entered the public sphere. Women like Lathrop, Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, and Lillian Wald were harshly crit- icized for undermining the traditional role of woman as wife and mother. To counter claims that they were “unwomanly,” these women developed the concept of “maternalist politics,” arguing that they were simply ful- filling their womanly duties in the larger arena of the community. But if maternalism allowed them to lobby for legislation, head up agencies, and expand women’s higher education, it also diminished their use of a claim to equality as an individual right for all. As Cohen notes, today’s American women would reject Lathrop’s reliance on traditional gender roles to justify voting rights for women. - xi - 9780813348032-cohen-corxx3.indd 11 1/31/17 8:52 AM - xii - Series Editor’s Foreword One of the many strengths of Cohen’s book is that she resists any temptation to idealize Lathrop or the progressive women who were her allies. Although she clearly admires Julia Lathrop, she acknowledges that women reformers of the era shared with other privileged white women an often unthinking but damaging racism and social elitism. This can be seen, Cohen points out, in the suffragist argument that giving the vote to edu- cated, native-born women would counterbalance the right to vote given to immigrant men. In this carefully researched and gracefully written book Cohen has drawn a rich and complex portrait of a remarkable American woman. In the process she has provided a fresh look at the critical role that women like Julia Lathrop played in an era of progressive reform.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Th E Campaign Against Child Labor and the Rise of the Birth Certificate
    “Age Ought to Be a Fact”: T e Campaign against Child Labor and the Rise of the Birth Certifi cate Susan J. Pearson In 1898, two decades after it had passed its f rst law restricting the employment of chil- Downloaded from dren, the state of Wisconsin still found it dif cult to enforce its child labor laws. Although these laws used age as the basis of legal employment, children’s ages were nearly impos- sible for of cials to determine. T e problem, the state’s commissioner of labor explained, was twofold. First, he alleged, parents lied about children’s ages. Second, this deception was made possible by Wisconsin’s “notable lack of reliable or complete birth records.” http://jah.oxfordjournals.org/ Unable to rely on any of cial documentation of children’s ages, state factory inspectors were forced to accept parental af davits of age. And this testimony-based system gave rise to widespread duplicity. “Cases have even been met with,” the commissioner complained, “where parents . have changed the records of their [children’s] ages in the family Bible and other places.” His complaints were typical: wherever states relied on parental af da- vits of age, child labor reformers and state factory inspectors complained that children’s ages were misrepresented, even when af davits were notarized.1 Child labor reformers were not alone in worrying about how to determine children’s by guest on March 11, 2015 ages. A host of Progressive Era reforms restricted access to rights and protections by chronological age: reforms ranging from compulsory schooling and the juvenile court to age of consent and eligibility for benef ts under workmen’s compensation and mother’s pension programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Masaryks of Czechoslovakia: Contributions in Sociology, Social Welfare and Politics
    The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Volume 40 Issue 2 June Article 4 2013 The Masaryks of Czechoslovakia: Contributions in Sociology, Social Welfare and Politics Rebecca L. Hegar University of Texas, Arlington Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw Part of the Political Science Commons, Social Work Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Hegar, Rebecca L. (2013) "The Masaryks of Czechoslovakia: Contributions in Sociology, Social Welfare and Politics," The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare: Vol. 40 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol40/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you by the Western Michigan University School of Social Work. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Masaryks of Czechoslovakia: Contributions in Sociology, Social Welfare and Politics REBECCA L. HEGAR University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work This article profiles contributions to sociology, social welfare and politics by members of the Masaryk family of Czechoslovakia, with primary emphasis on the career of Alice G. Masaryk (or Ma- sarykovd), an applied sociologist andfounder of Czech social work. As the daughter of Tomdi G. Masaryk, an academicphilosopher and early sociologist who became the first President of Czechoslovakia in 1918, her life and work are inextricably linked with the country's history and with one of the remarkablefamilies of their era. Research for this articleinvolved searchingliterature from several disciplines and reviewing historicalpublications and documentsfrom relevant periods. The Masaryk legacy has renewed relevance as social work practiceand education become reestablishedin the Czech Republic. Key words: Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Masaryk, social work history, sociology This article profiles for contemporary readers the back- ground and contributions of members of the Masaryk family of Czechoslovakia in sociology, social welfare, and politics.
    [Show full text]
  • CELEBRATING SIGNIFICANT CHICAGO WOMEN Park &Gardens
    Chicago Women’s Chicago Women’s CELEBRATING SIGNIFICANT CHICAGO WOMEN CHICAGO SIGNIFICANT CELEBRATING Park &Gardens Park Margaret T. Burroughs Lorraine Hansberry Bertha Honoré Palmer Pearl M. Hart Frances Glessner Lee Margaret Hie Ding Lin Viola Spolin Etta Moten Barnett Maria Mangual introduction Chicago Women’s Park & Gardens honors the many local women throughout history who have made important contributions to the city, nation, and the world. This booklet contains brief introductions to 65 great Chicago women—only a fraction of the many female Chicagoans who could be added to this list. In our selection, we strived for diversity in geography, chronology, accomplishments, and ethnicity. Only women with substantial ties to the City of Chicago were considered. Many other remarkable women who are still living or who lived just outside the City are not included here but are still equally noteworthy. We encourage you to visit Chicago Women’s Park FEATURED ABOVE and Gardens, where field house exhibitry and the Maria Goeppert Mayer Helping Hands Memorial to Jane Addams honor Katherine Dunham the important legacy of Chicago women. Frances Glessner Lee Gwendolyn Brooks Maria Tallchief Paschen The Chicago star signifies women who have been honored Addie Wyatt through the naming of a public space or building. contents LEADERS & ACTIVISTS 9 Dawn Clark Netsch 20 Viola Spolin 2 Grace Abbott 10 Bertha Honoré Palmer 21 Koko Taylor 2 Jane Addams 10 Lucy Ella Gonzales Parsons 21 Lois Weisberg 2 Helen Alvarado 11 Tobey Prinz TRAILBLAZERS 3 Joan Fujisawa Arai 11 Guadalupe Reyes & INNOVATORS 3 Ida B. Wells-Barnett 12 Maria del Jesus Saucedo 3 Willie T.
    [Show full text]
  • Hull House Living Democracy in the Progressive Era
    PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN SOCIAL STUDIES OR LANGUAGE ARTS Hull House Living Democracy in the Progressive Era Resource Book Compiled by Shelagh A. Gallagher Royal Fireworks Press Unionville, New York Writings of Hull House Residents Selections in this section are written by the women who lived and worked at Hull House: Jane Addams, Ellen Gates Starr, Florence Kelley, Alice Hamilton, and Julia Lathrop. Each woman influenced not only the impoverished neighborhood, but also state and national policies. The articles in this section address each of the proposals introduced to students during Problem Engagement. Three of the segments come from Hull House Maps and Papers, the seminal census of Chicago’s 19th district, a landmark in social science research. Students study the maps from that work during Inquiry and Investigation. Other articles are retrospective but refer back to problems encountered in the neighborhood at the time. Most of the articles have been edited to keep them a reasonable length for the middle school-aged child. Some articles offer opportunity for additional analysis, especially the article by Julia Lathrop, which includes statistics related to juvenile incarceration. Students should not be required to read all of the passages. Rather, students should share responsibilities for finding information about different aspects of the problem, read the articles relevant to the question they are pursuing, and then share what they find with each other. 13 Hull House Resource Book Excerpt from First Days at Hull House by Jane Addams …Our first guest was an interesting young woman who lived in a neighboring tenement, whose widowed mother aided her in the support of the family by scrubbing a downtown theater every night.
    [Show full text]
  • Women of Social Work, Progressive-Era Reforms
    Progressive Era Reforms, the Women of Hull-House, & Connections to Now Kim White, EdD, MSW, LCSW [email protected] Kim White, EdD, MSW, LCSW • US Navy 1994-1998 • High school English teacher • MSW 2005 from University of Kansas • EdD from Marshall University 2018 • Mom, wife, daughter, co-worker, friend • NASW Board of Directors 2010-2016 • President, 2014-2016 • WV Social Worker of the Year 2016 • NASWAC committee/chair several years Disclaimers My Why… • How much change should we expect from individuals within context of environment, systems? Person in Environment Social Work and Ecological Social Policy perspective Social Justice Scottish Model of Social Work NASW Mission of Social Work 1996 • • Time & Place—1890s-1920s Post Civil War Turn of the Reconstruction Gilded Age America century Industrial Progressive Era Chicago Revolution Progressive Era 1890-1920 • Period of Reform • Female political culture • Progressive Party Platform Industrial Revolution • Industrialization-Welfare Hypothesis: framework for understanding new role of government taking shape during Progressive Era in response to industrialization which was to assume welfare functions once address by the family, church, community, and neighbors (Chapin, 2017, p. 153) “So confident do overworked mothers become that their children cannot get hurt.” -- Jane Addams Urbanization--Densely populated cities- disease spread; Tenement housing, poor sanitation; melting-pot (political ideologies i.e. capitalism/socialism, ethnicity, religious and cultural traditions) Chicago 1893— “The Panic” 1894—Pullman Strike 1893--World Columbian Exposition World Fair Theme was “The White City” Started in 1884 England in a slum in East London by Samuel Barnett, a “Canon in the Anglican Church” with purpose to reduce “class misunderstandings and suspicion” between the social classes (Stebner, 1997, p.
    [Show full text]
  • If Jacob Riis Had Lived at Hull-House
    Rima Lunin Schultz, ed.. Hull-House Maps and Papers: A Presentation of Nationalities and Wages in a Congested District of Chicago, Together With Comments and Essays on Problems Growing Out of the Social Conditions. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2007. x + 178 pp. $50.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-252-03134-2. Reviewed by Ruth Crocker Published on H-SHGAPE (January, 2008) The appearance of a new edition of Hull- tion and from professions open to their male House Maps and Papers, frst published in 1895, peers such as medicine or the ministry, women suggests the continuing fascination of scholars resident in the settlement houses engaged both in with the famous Chicago settlement house and its social research and social work (the term was founder, Jane Addams. It joins a number of im‐ new). The settlements served as an arena for pro‐ portant new studies of Hull-House and its reform ducing social knowledge and as centers for the re‐ circle by biographers, historians, and moral form campaigns fueled by that new knowledge.[2] philosophers.[1] This edition, the frst since the New interest by scholars in the early years of Arno Press reprint of 1970, is welcome for its American social science makes the reissue of Hull- thoughtful extended introduction by Rima Lunin House Maps and Papers particularly timely. Hull- Schultz, assistant director of the Jane Addams House Maps and Papers is clearly part of the liter‐ Hull-House Museum, and for the eight full-color ature of reform--Rima Schultz calls it "a major maps showing wage and ethnicity data accompa‐ work of sociological investigation and analysis" nying what has been described as the frst social (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Addams, a Member of Chicago AAUW
    Chicago Branch AAUW Celebrates the Life of Our Illustrious Member Jane Addams From THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS (1889 – 1939) by Janet Miller Prepared for the AAUW Chicago Branch Centennial October, 1889 In 1892, the Branch had over 100 members, ranking in size behind only Boston and Philadelphia. At the December 1892 meeting, Bertha Honoré Palmer spoke on the Columbian Exposition and the Executive Committee agreed to aid in “scientific research work” and assist with guides for the Exposition, for which it received a diploma and a medal of appreciation. Along with other women’s organizations, the Branch exhibited materials at the Exposition. At the same meeting the question of supporting a Hull House resident was raised. In January 1893, the Branch voted to support a Hull House fellow, with the selection to be made by Jane Addams, who was a Branch member and a Branch Committee [Chair]. Illinois born Julia Lathrop, a close associate of Addams, was selected. Julia Lathrop is best known for her local, state and national reform of hospitals, schools and mental institutions and her work with juveniles and immigrants in Chicago. The Branch did much to aid her early work and the work of other members of the Hull House group. In December 1893, Florence Kelley, also a Hull House resident and chief inspector of factories in Illinois, spoke on The Formation of a Purchaser’s League to Protect Women and Children. An “earnest discussion” followed Kelley’s presentation and “the formation of such a league was urged by all.” The minutes continue: It was suggested by members that a committee should be appointed from the A.C.A and that this committee with other committees appointed should correspond with the large stores and ascertain where their goods are made.
    [Show full text]
  • Alice Paul Author of the Original Equal Rights Amendment
    Impact of Suffragists Felt a Century Later Volume 11, Number 1 Finding a Home in Today’s Feminism Spring, 2004 Inspired by Our Feminist Foremothers SM ® Alice Paul Author of the Original Equal Rights Amendment OurOur pro-woman,pro-woman, pro-lifepro-life legacylegacy "When a man steals to satisfy hunger, we may safely conclude that there is something wrong in society - so when a woman destroys the life of her unborn child, it is an evidence that either by education or circumstances she has been greatly wronged." Mattie Brinkerhoff The Revolution, 4(9):138-9 September 2, 1869 SPRING 20 04 Susan B. Anthony contents Our pro-woman, pro-life legacy 3 A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 19 Abortion and Modern Poetry by Mary Wollstonecraft Twentieth century poets reflect on the personal pain of abortion. 5 Inspired by Our Feminist Foremothers Feminist experts discuss the pro-life 24 Feminist Giving Circles feminists who have inspired them. Thank you to our generous donors. 11 Impact of Suffragists Felt a Century Later In Every Issue: FFL members reflect on the pro-life 18 We Remember: Holly Patterson feminists who inspire them. 14 Finding a Home in Today’s Feminism 22 Herstory: Pearl S. Buck A review of contemporary pro-life feminist writers shows a rich diversity of ideas and arguments. The quarterly magazine of Feminists for Life of America Editor Laura Ciampa Editorial Board Cat Clark, Maureen O’Connor Copy Editors Donna R. Foster, Linda Frommer, Coleen MacKay Art Director Lisa Toscani Feminists for Life of America, 733 15th Street, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20005; 202-737-3352; www.feministsforlife.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Addams and American Urban Reform
    Revista de Estudios Norteamerica110s, n.9 4 ( 1996), pp. 29 - 33 JANE ADDAMS AND AMERICAN URBAN REFORM ALLEN F. D AVIS Temple University Jane Addams was the most famous of a group of idealistic Americans who tried to humanize the industrial city at the tum of the century. Influenced by John Ruskin and other European writers, as well as by their own experience, they moved into working­ class neighborhoods, and from their outposts in the slums they tried to transforrn the urban landscape. They fought against child labor and tried to improve housing. The pionneered in establishing kindergartens and they were leaders in progressive education. They tried to ease the process of Americanization among their largely foreigh-born neighbors. The worked to improve city government, to build parks and playgrounds, and to bring a sense of community to the city. Their ultimate goal was to eliminate poverty and to promote equal opportunity. Sometimes they were naive, often they betrayed their upper-middle class background. Their crusades were at best only partly successful. Yet one hundred years later as we seem to be enveloped in another age of greed, another time of urban crisis, Jane Addams and her co-workers, and their efforts to change the urban environment, and to promote a better life for ali, seem worth recalling. Jane Addams was bom in Cedarville, a small village in northem Illinois, not far from the Wisconsin border. Her father was a wealthy and influencia! businessman, miller, farrner and politician. Despite a rather complex family and a step-mother with whom she did not get along, Jane Addams hada normal, active, rural childhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Hunter Papers, 1904–1948 (Bulk 1934–1942)
    Collection # M 0415 ROBERT HUNTER PAPERS, 1904–1948 (BULK 1934–1942) Collection Information Biographical Sketch Scope and Content Note Contents Calendar of Correspondence Index of Correspondents Cataloging Information Processed by Leona Alig and Charles Latham February 1985 Revised by Dorothy A. Nicholson 2 February 2004 Manuscript and Visual Collections Department William Henry Smith Memorial Library Indiana Historical Society 450 West Ohio Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-3269 www.indianahistory.org COLLECTION INFORMATION VOLUME OF 1 document case COLLECTION: COLLECTION 1904–1948 DATES: PROVENANCE: Gift of Mrs. Henry C. Gray, Columbus, Indiana, October 1983. RESTRICTIONS: None COPYRIGHT: REPRODUCTION Permission to reproduce or publish material in this collection RIGHTS: must be obtained from the Indiana Historical Society. ALTERNATE FORMATS: RELATED Marion H. Gray Papers (M 0118) HOLDINGS: ACCESSION 1983.1105 NUMBER: NOTES: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Robert Hunter (1874–1942) was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, the son of William Robert and Caroline Fouts Hunter. His father was an auctioneer and a veteran of the Civil War. Hunter graduated from Indiana University in 1896, and immediately embarked on a career in social work. He began in Chicago where from 1896 to 1902 he was a resident of Jane Addams's Hull House, chairman of an investigating committee for the City Homes Association, superintendent of a Municipal Lodging House which he helped to found, and a member of the Small Parks Commission. In the summer of 1899 he studied housing conditions in London, England. He returned to Chicago and in 1901 wrote a book based on his Chicago experiences, called Tenement Conditions in Chicago. In 1902–1903 he was head worker at University Settlement on New York's East Side.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Addams Collection DG.001
    Jane Addams Collection DG.001 Last updated on May 14, 2021. Swarthmore College Peace Collection Jane Addams Collection Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................4 Biography/History..........................................................................................................................................8 Scope and Contents....................................................................................................................................... 9 Arrangement.................................................................................................................................................10 Administrative Information......................................................................................................................... 13 Related Materials......................................................................................................................................... 19 Controlled Access Headings........................................................................................................................19 General......................................................................................................................................................... 20 Bibliographic References.............................................................................................................................21 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Julia Clifford Lathrop (1858–1932) [1]
    Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Julia Clifford Lathrop (1858–1932) [1] By: Madgett, Katherine Keywords: Children's Bureau [2] Julia Lathrop [3] Julia Clifford Lathrop was an activist and social reformer in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries and the first chief of the United States Children’s Bureau. In that capacity, she conducted demographic studies to identify links between socioeconomic factors and infant mortality rates. Lathrop mobilized the effort to increase birth registration and designed programs and publications to promote infant and maternal health throughout the US. Through her studies, she empirically linked poverty and lack of education with higher than normal risks of infant and maternal mortality, and her results supported legislation aimed at lowering infant and maternal mortality in the US. Lathrop was born on 28 June 1858 in Rockford, Illinois, to Sarah Adeline Potter and William Lathrop. Lathrop had one sister, three brothers, and was the eldest child in the family. Her father was a lawyer and a member of the Illinois State Legislature in Springfield, Illinois and her mother was active in the women’s suffrage movement. Lathrop’s friend and colleague, Jane Addams, described the Lathrop household as a place where ambition and independence were encouraged equally in both sons and daughters. As a child, Lathrop attended local public schools. Addams described her as a good student with a shy personality. According to Addams, when Lathrop was seven her anxiety about being tasked to run a note upstairs was interpreted by her teacher as a show of stubbornness and met with a curt remark.
    [Show full text]