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An Analysis of Postmodernism in John Barth's Short Story

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An Analysis of Postmodernism in John Barth's Short Story AN ANALYSIS OF POSTMODERNISM IN JOHN BARTH’S SHORT STORY “LOST IN THE FUNHOUSE” A THESIS BY ADAM ALEXANDER TAHIL REG. NO. 140705175 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AN ANALYSIS OF POSTMODERNISM IN JOHN BARTH’S SHORT STORY “LOST IN THE FUNHOUSE” A THESIS BY ADAM ALEXANDER TAHIL REG. NO. 140705175 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Drs.Parlindungan Purba M.Hum. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. NIP. 19630216 198903 1 003 NIP. 195710021986012003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in p artial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Depart ment of English. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head Secretary Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M. A., Ph. D Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph. D. NIP. 19540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Board of Examiners Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph. D. Drs. Parlindungan Purba M.Hum. Dr. Martha Pardede, MS UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, ADAM ALEXANDER TAHIL DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed: Date: October 14, 2019 i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : ADAM ALEXANDER TAHIL TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF POSTMODERNISM IN JOHN BARTH’S SHORT STORY “LOST IN THE FUNHOUSE” QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed: Date: October 14, 2019 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Alhamdulillahi Rabbil ‗alamin, the greatest grattitude is expressed to Allah SWT for the blessings and the opportunity to complete this thesis. This thesis entitled ―An Analysis Of Postmodernism In John Barth‟s Short Story “Lost In The Funhouse”‖ is submitted as the final requirement in completing the degree in English Literature Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera. In arranging this thesis, a lot of people have provided motivation, advice and support.A lot of people who still give enthusiasm and advice to keep fighting from the closest people, especially the family to create enthusiasm and passion to keep trying. The first and foremost thank goes to Mrs. HerlinaSurbakti and AsniarSurbakti who always supports for the researchersto finish his bachelor programandofficially become a English literature bachelor. The researcher also would like to give the second thank to all Surbakti‘s memberwho has taughtthe researcher so much since he was a kid and have made the researcher keen on English and become fluent in life. The next thank goes to the researcher‘s sister who always stays in his bed after school. The researcher is deeply grateful to his sister. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The sincere appreciation goes to Dr. Budi Agustono M.S as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of North Sumatera. The appreciation also goes to Prof. T. Sylvana Sinar M.A PhD as the head of English Literature Department and Mr Rahmadsyah Rangkuti M.A PhD for their advice, supervision and crucial contribution in the improvement of the result of this thesis. Also the grateful thanks should go to all of lectures that have guided the writer from first semester until the last semester. The researcher should be thankful to have guidance from Drs. Parlindungan Purba M.Hum for his supervision, advice and guidance from the very early stage of this reasearch. This also has given the researcher extraordinary experience in doing first thesis through the past few months. The researcher also should thank his second supervisor Dra. SwesanaMardiaLubis, M.Hum.who has helped the writer with kind heart and patience finishing the thesis with his guidance, suggestion and correction until the thesis is completed. It is very grateful to have some close friends who always support the researcher whenever there are joy or sorrow. The appreciation should go to the researcher‘sclassmates ―Cmanalah‖ who always lend the researcher help in the process of completing this thesis. Also the appreciation is dedicated toSummer Flings, nii nii jaa ngaronya, IMSI, English literature stambuk 14, My brother and sister English Literature academic year of 2017and to all friends who keep on supporting the researcher to finishhis thesis. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Finally, thanks are dedicated to everybody who helped the researcher to complete this thesis. This thesis is far from perfect, for this reason, constructive thought, suggestion and critics are welcome. Medan, Oktober 14, 2019 Adam Alexander Tahil v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT The title of this research is "An Analysis Of Postmodernism In John Barth‟s Short Story “Lost In The Funhouse". The objectives of this research are to find out how intertextuality portrayed in the short story and how John Barth violate level of narrative in the short story. The concepts of intertextuality and violation of narrative are analyzed by using Victoria Orlowski‘s theory. Qualitative research method is used in analyzing this research. The result of this research shows that The author assume that metafiction is valuable because it exposes the limits and artifices of literary realism and self- consciously, and systematically draws attention to its status as an artefact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality. Keywords: Intertextuality, Postmoderism, John Barth, Short Story, Fiction, Reality. vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Judul penelitian ini adalah "Analisis Postmodernisme Dalam Cerpen John Barth "Lost In The Funhouse”". Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana intertekstualitas digambarkan dalam cerita pendek John Barth dan bagaimana John Barth melanggar tingkat narasi dalam cerita pendek. Konsep intertekstualitas dan pelanggaran narasi dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Victoria Orlowski. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam menganalisis penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penulis berasumsi bahwa metafiksi memiliki nilai karena metafiksi mengekspos batas dan artifisial realisme sastra dan kesadaran diri, dan secara sistematis menarik perhatian pada statusnya sebagai artefak untuk mengajukan pertanyaan tentang hubungan antara fiksi dan dunia nyata. Kata kunci: Intertekstualitas, Postmoderisme, John Barth, Cerpen, Fiksi, Realitas. vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENT AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ……………………………………………………….. i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ……………………………………………………. .ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ……………………………………………………………... iii ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………... vi ABSTRAK …..…………………………………………………………………….….. vii TABLE OF CONTENT …..……………………………………………………….... viii LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………… x CHAPTER I :INTRODUCTION ......………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Background .............…………………....……………………..... .1 1.2 Problems of the study ………………….....…………..………... 3 1.3 Objectives of the study ………………………….…………….... 4 1.4 Scope of Study ……………………...……….....………………...4 1.5 Significance of the study ……………………….....……………4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ………………........................…….. 5 2.1 Psychology of literature …..…………………………..........…... 5 2.2 Short Story …..……………………………............….....……… 5 2.3 Sociology of literature ..…........……………….....…………….. 6 2.4 Postmodernism and Post Structuralism ..………….....…………. 6 2.4.1 Metafiction ………………………………….........…......……… 8 2.5Previous Studies …………………………………..............….....…. 11 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF RESEARCH ……………….............................….. .14 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.1 Research Design ………………………….............……………….. 14 3.2 Data & Data Source ………………………………..............……… 15 3.3 Data Collecting Procedure ……………………………...........……. 15 3.4 Data Analyzing Procedure ..……………………………………….. 15 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDING .............……………………………... 18 4.1 Intertextuality ……………………….........…………………………18 4.1.1 Relational Process ……..…...............………………………....... .19 4.1.2 Practices …..……………………...................………………….... 23 4.2 Violation of narrative levels .……………………...........…………. 26 4.2.1 Conventional transform ….…………………….....................….. 26 4.2.2 Meaning …………………………………………….................... 29 4.2 Findings …………………………………..........………………….. 31 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION
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