Variações No Número De Cópias Cromossômicas Submicroscópicas Como Causa De Baixa Estatura De Início Pré-Natal

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Variações No Número De Cópias Cromossômicas Submicroscópicas Como Causa De Baixa Estatura De Início Pré-Natal ANA PINHEIRO MACHADO CANTON Variações no número de cópias cromossômicas submicroscópicas como causa de baixa estatura de início pré-natal Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Programa de Endocrinologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge São Paulo 2015 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Preparada pela Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo reprodução autorizada pelo autor Canton, Ana Pinheiro Machado Variações no número de cópias cromossômicas submicroscópicas como causa de baixa estatura de início pré-natal / Ana Pinheiro Machado Canton. -- São Paulo, 2015. Tese(doutorado)--Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Programa de Endocrinologia. Orientador: Alexander Augusto de Lima de Jorge. Descritores: 1.Retardo de crescimento fetal/genética 2.Transtornos do crescimento/diagnóstico 3.Transtornos do crescimento/genética 4.Hibridização genômica comparativa 5.Deleção cromossômica 6.Duplicação cromossômica USP/FM/DBD-034/15 Este estudo foi realizado na Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM/25), Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Sua realização teve colaboração da Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM/42), Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e do Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, bem como apoio da CAPES com bolsa de doutorado direto demanda social. DEDICATÓRIA Aos pacientes, a verdadeira motivação de nosso trabalho. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu professor e orientador, Alex: muito obrigada. Obrigada pelas oportunidades que nos encorajam, pela exigência que nos ensina, pelo aprendizado que nos estimula, pela dedicação que nos motiva, pela paciência que nos apóia e pela amizade que nos abraça. Considero ser sua aluna um grande mérito. Muito obrigada à Profa. Dra. Berenice Mendonça e ao Dr. Ivo Arnhold. Seus ensinamentos são exemplos contínuos de coerência, persistência, dedicação e sabedoria, tanto na prática clínica quanto na pesquisa. É um grande orgulho para nós, alunos, aprender em seu serviço de Endocrinologia Pediátrica. Sou também grata à Profa. Dra. Ana Cláudia Latrônico por seus ensinamentos e por seu importante apoio ao nosso trabalho. Meu muito obrigada à Profa. Dra. Carla Rosenberg pela fundamental colaboração e pela oportunidade para realização deste trabalho, bem como pelos ensinamentos prestados sempre com gentileza. Obrigada à Tatiane Rodrigues e à Silvia Costa, do Instituto de Biociências, pela colaboração e pela parceria de trabalho, sem as quais não poderíamos concretizar este projeto. Sou também muito grata a todos os funcionários e médicos assistentes do LIM 25 e do LIM 42, laboratórios em que realizamos este trabalho, especialmente Dr. Vinícius, Eliete, Elisângela, Graça, Maria Aparecida, Miriam e Nilda. Para Aline Otto e Adriana Braz, amigas queridas: muito obrigada. Sua ajuda, seu apoio e seu carinho, dentro e fora do hospital, foram fundamentais nestes anos. Agradeço às colegas Andréa Leal e Marcela França por serem “veteranas” generosas, e acima de tudo, amigas. Muito obrigada à Gabriela Vasques, Renata Scalco e Fernanda Corrêa pela convivência, pela parceria e pela amizade que construímos: aprender junto com vocês foi um presente para mim. Finalmente, sou muito grata à minha família. Para minha querida mãe, Angela: muito obrigada pelo amor, pela dedicação, pelo apoio e pela confiança em meu trabalho. Para mim, você é um exemplo de generosidade e de ética na Medicina. Para minha irmã, Renata, e minha afilhada, Helena: muito obrigada pela alegria, pelo carinho e pelo companheirismo. Para meu pai, Olides, e sua família: muito obrigada pelos ensinamentos de vida. Para minha avó Norma, minha tia Denise e meu tio Caco: muito obrigada pelo carinho, pelo apoio e pela confiança em meu trabalho. E para meu avô, Luiz Carlos: agradeço pelo seu exemplo de mais de 60 anos de vida acadêmica, por sua confiança em meu trabalho e por sua paciência ao me aconselhar em momentos importantes de minha vida profissional. Ter todos vocês ao meu lado é uma fortaleza. Gostaria de agradecer a todos os pacientes e familiares de pacientes que participaram deste projeto por sua gentileza e sua colaboração. Esta tese está de acordo com as seguintes normas, em vigor no momento da sua publicação: Referências: adaptado de International Commitee of Medical Journals Editors (Vancouver). Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina. Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação. Guia de apresentação de dissertações, teses e monografias. Elaborado por Anneliese Carneiro da Cunha, Maria Julia de A.L. Freddi, Maria Fazanelli Crestana, Marinalva de Souza Aragão, Suely Campos Cardoso, Valéria Vilhena. 3. ed. São Paulo: Divisão de Biblioteca e Documentação; 2011. Abreviatura dos títulos dos periódicos de acordo com List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus. SUMÁRIO Lista de abreviaturas Lista de símbolos Lista de figuras Lista de tabelas Resumo Summary 1 INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Pequeno para idade gestacional ..................................................... 4 1.2 Array-CGH e variações no número de cópias cromossômicas ........ 7 2 OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................. 10 2.1 Objetivo principal ........................................................................... 11 2.2 Objetivos específicos ..................................................................... 11 3 MÉTODOS ............................................................................................... 12 3.1 Considerações éticas .................................................................... 13 3.2 Casuística ...................................................................................... 13 3.3 Estudo molecular ........................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Extração de DNA genômico de leucócitos periféricos ........... 18 3.3.2 Hibridização genômica comparativa por microarray (aCGH) .................................................................................. 19 3.4 Análise in silico .............................................................................. 21 3.4.1 Análise do array-CGH ............................................................ 21 3.4.2 Análise de bioinformåtica para caracterização do conteúdo gênico das variações patogênicas, provavelmente patogênicas e de significado clínico incerto ........................... 24 4 RESULTADOS ......................................................................................... 27 4.1 Características da casuística ......................................................... 28 4.2 Resultados de array-CGH no grupo estudado ............................... 30 4.3 Pacientes com CNVs patogênicas e provavelmente patogênicas: descrição clínica, array-CGH e análise de bioinformåtica para caracterização do conteúdo gênico das variações ....................................................................................... 41 5 DISCUSSÃO ............................................................................................ 64 5.1 Deleção 22q11.21 presente na paciente 1 .................................... 69 5.2 Duplicação 10q26.2-26.3 e deleção 10q26.3 presentes na paciente 2 ...................................................................................... 71 5.3 Deleção 4q28.2-q31.21 presente no paciente 3 ............................ 72 5.4 Deleção 3q27.1-q27.3 presente na paciente 4 .............................. 73 5.5 Deleção 20p13 presente na paciente 5 ......................................... 75 5.6 Duplicação 14q11.2-q12 presente na paciente 6 ........................... 76 5.7 Duplicação 16q24.1-q24 presente na paciente 7 ........................... 77 5.8 Duplicação Xq13.1-q13.2 presente no paciente 8 ......................... 78 6 CONCLUSÕES ........................................................................................ 80 7 REFERÊNCIAS ........................................................................................ 82 8 APÊNDICE LISTAS ABREVIATURAS aCGH Hibridização genômica comparativa por microarray CNV Variação no número de cópias Cy3 Cianina 3 Cy5 Cianina 5 DECIPHER Database of chromosomal imbalance and phenotype in humans using ensembl resources DGV Database of genomic variants DNA Ácido desoxirribonucléico DNPM Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor DP Desvio-padrão EDTA Ácido etilenodiamino tetracético FISH Hibridização fluorescente in situ GH Hormônio do crescimento GIANT Consórcio Genetic Investigation of Anthropocentric Traits GRCh37/hg19 Genome Reference Consortium 37 / human genome 19 GWAS Estudos de associação global do genoma HCFMUSP Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo IGF-1 Fator de crescimento insulina-símile tipo 1 IGF-2 Fator de crescimento insulina-símile tipo 2 IGFBP3 Proteína 3 de ligação a fator de crescimento insulina- símile MGI Mouse genome Informatics MLPA Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification mRNA Ácido ribonucléico mensageiro NaCl Cloreto de sódio NH4Cl Cloreto de amônia NH4HCO3 Carbonato de amônia OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Men PIG Pequeno para idade gestacional RCIU Retardo de crescimento intrauterino rhGH Hormônio do crescimento recombinante
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