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Proceedings of the Technichal Workshops for the Hydraulic Fracturing Study: Well Construction and Operation

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Proceedings of the Technichal Workshops for the Hydraulic Fracturing Study: Well Construction and Operation EPA 600/R-11/046 | May 2011 | www.epa.gov Proceedings of the Technical Workshops for the Hydraulic Fracturing Study: Well Construction and Operation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA 600/R-11/046 May 2011 Proceedings of the Technical Workshops for the Hydraulic Fracturing Study: Well Construction & Operations Office of Research and Development US Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables............................................................................................................................ iii Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Workshop Participants ............................................................................................................ 3 Agenda .................................................................................................................................... 5 Summary and Abstracts from Theme 1: Well Construction ...................................................... 9 Summary of Presentations for Theme 1: Well Construction ........................................................ 10 Summary of Discussions Following Theme 1: Well Construction Presentations ......................... 12 Abstracts for Theme 1: Well Construction ................................................................................... 15 Overview of the Well Construction Sessions.......................................................................................................... 16 Public Water Sources and Hydraulic Fracturing – A State Drinking Water Perspective ......................................... 20 Well Completion Methods for Aquifer Protection ................................................................................................. 21 Well Planning and Construction Techniques .......................................................................................................... 25 Production Casing Design Considerations .............................................................................................................. 29 Shell’s Well Construction Practices in the Marcellus Shale .................................................................................... 33 Multi-well Pad, Tight Gas, Directional Drilling Program Protects Aquifers ............................................................ 36 Casing Perforating Overview .................................................................................................................................. 40 Summary and Abstracts from Theme 2: Fracture Design and Stimulation .............................. 42 Summary of Presentations for Theme 2: Fracture Design and Stimulation ................................. 43 Summary of Discussions Following Theme 2: Fracture Design and Stimulation Presentations .. 45 Abstracts for Theme 2: Fracture Design and Stimulation ............................................................. 49 The Distribution of Natural Fractures above a Gas Shale: Questions about Whether Deep Fracture Fluid Leaks into Groundwater Outside the Realm of Faulty Borehole Construction ................................................................ 50 Evaluation of Well Records and Geophysical Logs for Determining the Presence of Freshwater, Saltwater, and Gas above the Marcellus Shale, South-Central New York ...................................................................................... 56 Fracture Design in Horizontal Shale Wells – Data Gathering to Implementation .................................................. 61 Hydraulic Fracturing in Coal Bed Methane Development, Raton Basin, Southern Colorado, USA ........................ 69 Fracture Design and Stimulation –Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 71 A Case History of Tracking Water Movement Through Fracture Systems in the Barnett Shale ............................ 79 Measurements and Observations of Fracture Height Growth ............................................................................... 81 Sustainable Fracturing Rationale to Reach Well Objectives – The Impact of Uncertainties and Complexities on Compliance Assurances .......................................................................................................................................... 87 Design and Rationale for a Field Experiment using Tracers in Hydraulic Fracture Fluid ........................................ 88 Review of Stimulation Fluid Retention Mechanisms and Likelihood of Fluid Communication with Shallow Potential Aquifers in Shale Gas Development ........................................................................................................ 90 Summary and Abstracts from Theme 3: Well Integrity .......................................................... 96 Summary of Presentations from Theme 3: Well Integrity ............................................................ 97 Summary of Discussions Following Theme 3: Well Integrity Presentations ................................ 98 Abstracts for Theme 3: Well Integrity ......................................................................................... 101 Assessment Methods for Well Integrity during the Hydraulic Fracturing Cycle .................................................. 102 Pre and Post Well Integrity Methods for Hydraulically Fractured/Stimulated Wells ........................................... 107 Case Study for Well Integrity over a Full Life Cycle .............................................................................................. 122 Risks to Drinking Water from Oil and Gas Wellbore Construction and Integrity: Case Studies and Lessons Learned................................................................................................................................................................. 136 Revisiting the Major Discussion Points of the Technical Presentation Sessions ..................... 148 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................. 150 i List of Figures Figure 1. Location of study area in south-central New York, water wells that penetrated saltwater and (or) gas, and gas wells that penetrated freshwater and (or) gas above the Marcellus Shale ............................................................................................................................. 59 Figure 2. Geophysical logs and reported freshwater zone and gas show for the 760-860 ft depth interval in gas well 19484, Cortland County, New York ............................................................... 60 Figure 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 62 Figure 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 5 ......................................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 6. Simplified Location Schematic ....................................................................................... 76 Figure 7. Inside the treatment monitoring van ............................................................................ 76 Figure 8. Treatment Chart -- Pressure, Rate and Prop Concentration ......................................... 77 Figure 9. Additive Chart ................................................................................................................ 77 Figure 10. Fluid Tracking, Numeric Value, and Stage Summary Screen ....................................... 78 Figure 11. Blender schedule ......................................................................................................... 78 Figure 12. Mineback photograph of complex fracture ................................................................. 81 Figure 13. Mineback photograph of offsets & splitting. ............................................................... 82 Figure 14. Measured stress profile in Mesaverde. ....................................................................... 82 Figure 15. Overview of DOE/GRI M-Site hydraulic fracture diagnostics field test site. ............... 84 Figure 16. Example Haynesville shale microseismic data. ............................................................ 84 Figure 17. A compendium of microseismic fracture diagnostic results in the Barnett shale relative to known aquifers. ........................................................................................................... 85 Figure 18. Ultrasonic Imager (a) tool design and (b) transducer position (Smolen, 1996) ........ 110 Figure 19. Illustrative Example of USIT Log Run on Injection Well ............................................. 111 Figure 20. Example SBT Log ........................................................................................................ 112 Figure 21. MIT Tool ..................................................................................................................... 113 Figure 22. Magnetic Thickness Tool (MTT) ................................................................................. 115 Figure 23.
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