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Freedonia Industry Study #1193 Study Publication Date: December 1999 Price: $3,600 Batteries Pages: 277 Batteries, a new study from The Freedonia Group, is designed to provide you with an in-depth analysis of major trends in the industry and the outlook for product segments and major markets -- critical information to help you with strategic planning. This brochure gives you an indication of the scope, depth and value of Freedonia's new study, Batteries. Ordering information is included on the back page of the brochure. Brochure Table of Contents Study Highlights ............................................................................... 2 Table of Contents and List of Tables and Charts ............................. 4 Sample Pages and Sample Tables from: Market Environment .................................................... 6 Products ....................................................................... 7 Markets........................................................................ 8 Industry Structure ........................................................ 9 Company Profiles ...................................................... 10 List of Companies Profiled ........................................ 11 Forecasting Methodology ............................................................... 12 About the Company ....................................................................... 13 Advantages of Freedonia Reports ................................................... 13 About Our Customers .................................................................... 14 About the Author ........................................................................... 14 Other Titles From Freedonia ......................................................... 15 Ordering Information..................................................................... 16 Study Highlights US Supply and Demand • Overall demand for primary and secondary batteries in the US is projected to increase 6.4 percent per year through 2003 to $12.8 Historical data (1989, 1993 and 1998) billion. and forecasts to the years 2003 and 2008 are provided for manufacturers' sales, • Shipments of batteries from US facilities will rise 5.9 percent per shipments and net exports for the aggre- year through 2003. gate primary and secondary battery • Although the differences are not substantial, demand for secondary categories as well as for the respective (rechargeable) batteries will exhibit somewhat faster growth than major segments (e.g., alkaline, lead-acid). primary (disposable) types through the early years of the new century. • Fueling gains in the rechargeable segment will be sustained healthy demand for consumer-oriented portable devices that are powered by batteries, along with favorable replacement dynamics in the motor vehicles and backup power supplies markets. • Stimulating demand in the primary battery segment will be expanding applications for higher-end lithium and zinc-air types beyond traditional uses in cameras and hearing aids. Industry Structure • Over 100 companies manufacture batteries in the US, but most segments of the industry are highly concentrated. • For example, three producers -- Duracell (subsidiary of Gillette), Eveready Battery (slated to be spun off by Ralston Purina in the first half of 2000 into an independent entity known as Energizer Holdings) and Rayovac -- accounted for about 80 percent of the total US primary battery market as of the latter 1990s. • As illustrated by Ralston’s Eveready/ Energizer spinoff and a host of merger, acquisition and joint venture activity, the US battery industry continues to restructure in a dynamic and highly competi- tive market environment. Batteries #1193 Freedonia Industry Study 2 Study Highlights US Batteries Demand, 1993 Versus 1998 million dollars 6000 5000 4000 Primary 3000 Secondary 2000 1000 1993 1998 US Batteries Supply & Demand (million dollars) % Annual Growth Item 1989 1998 2003 2008 98/89 03/98 Gross Domestic Product (bil $) 6558 8511 10705 13550 5.4 4.7 $ batteries/000$ GDP 1.01 1.11 1.20 1.30 -- -- Battery Sales 6624 9415 12825 17650 7.3 6.4 Primary: 2498 3355SUMMARY 4525 6150 TABLE 6.1 6.2 Alkaline 1440 2315 3250 4500 10.0 7.0 Others 1058 1040 1275 1650 -0.3 4.2 Secondary: 4126 6060 8300 11500 8.0 6.5 Lead-Acid 3039 3980 5075 6500 5.5 5.0 Nickel-Cadmium 902 985 750 500 1.8 -5.3 Nickel-Metal Hydride 57 325 500 725 41.6 9.0 Rechargeable Lithium 25 515 1500 3000 83.1 23.8 Others 103 255 475 775 19.9 13.2 net imports 98 535 1025 1725 40.4 13.9 Battery Shipments 6526 8880 11800 15925 6.4 5.9 © Copyright by The Freedonia Group, Inc. Batteries #1193 Order form on last page 3 Lithium ..........................................................................40 Rechargeable Alkaline .....................................................41 Nickel-Metal Hydride ..................................................... 42 List of Contents, Zinc-Air ..........................................................................42 Others ............................................................................ 43 Wireless Communications & Portable Computing .............44 Tables and Charts Table - Portable Information Exchange Devices Shipments ........................................................45 Electric Vehicles..................................................................46 Table - Electric Vehicle Market Trends ..........................47 Fuel Cells............................................................................47 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Summary Table 3 ................................................................ IV. PRIMARY BATTERY PRODUCTS General ...............................................................................49 II. MARKET ENVIRONMENT Table - Primary Battery Products Supply & Demand ........51 General ................................................................................. 4 Chart - Primary Battery Demand by Chemistry, 1998 .........52 Economic Environment ....................................................... 5 Alkaline Batteries ................................................................52 Cyclical Trends ................................................................. 5 Table - Alkaline Batteries Supply & Demand .................55 Table - Macroeconomic Environment ........................... 8 Chart - Alkaline Battery Unit Demand ...........................56 Long Term Trends ........................................................... 8 Other Primary Batteries ......................................................56 Table - Battery Products Market Volatility ..................10 Table - Other Primary Batteries Supply & Demand .......57 Chart - Batteries Market Volatility...............................11 Zinc-Carbon/Zinc-Chloride ........................................... 58 Durable Goods Manufacturers Trends ...............................11 Table - Zinc-Carbon/Zinc-Chloride Batteries Demand .....60 Table - Durable Goods Shipments .................................12 Primary Lithium .............................................................60 Electrical & Electronics Sector Trends ................................13 Table - Primary Lithium Batteries Demand ................62 Table - Electrical & Electronic Equipment Shipments ........15 Zinc-Air ..........................................................................62 Pricing Patterns ..................................................................16 Table - Zinc-Air Batteries Demand .............................64 Chart - Batteries Pricing Patterns ....................................18 Silver Oxide .................................................................... 64 Legal & Regulatory Environment .......................................18 Table - Silver Oxide Batteries Demand .......................66 International Environment .................................................20 Mercury..........................................................................66 World Supply & Demand ..............................................21 Table - Mercury Batteries Demand .............................67 Table - World Battery Demand ..................................24 Specialty & All Other .....................................................67 Trends in US Foreign Trade ...........................................24 Table - Specialty & All Other Primary Batteries Demand ...... 69 Table - Trends in US Foreign Trade ...........................25 Primary Batteries 25 ......................................................... V. SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTS Table - US Primary Batteries Foreign Trade ............26 General ...............................................................................70 Chart - US Primary Battery Exports by Region, 199827 Table - Secondary Battery Products Supply & Demand .......73 Chart - US Primary Battery Imports by Region, 1998.27 Chart - Secondary Battery Demand by Chemistry, 1998 ....... 74 Secondary Batteries .....................................................28 Lead-Acid Batteries ............................................................. 74 Table - US Secondary Batteries Foreign Trade ........29 Table - Lead-Acid Batteries Supply & Demand ..............76 Chart - US Secondary Battery Exports by Region, 199829 Starting/Lighting/Ignition ..............................................76 Chart - US Secondary Battery Imports by Region, 199830 Table - Starting/Lighting/Ignition Batteries Demand ..79 Non-SLI .........................................................................79